WO2023010376A1 - 电池单元及电动助力车 - Google Patents

电池单元及电动助力车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023010376A1
WO2023010376A1 PCT/CN2021/110718 CN2021110718W WO2023010376A1 WO 2023010376 A1 WO2023010376 A1 WO 2023010376A1 CN 2021110718 W CN2021110718 W CN 2021110718W WO 2023010376 A1 WO2023010376 A1 WO 2023010376A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cell
cells
module
pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/110718
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾奇方
Original Assignee
广东高标电子科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东高标电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东高标电子科技有限公司
Priority to CN202180008178.9A priority Critical patent/CN115280587B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/110718 priority patent/WO2023010376A1/zh
Priority to DE112021007644.2T priority patent/DE112021007644T5/de
Publication of WO2023010376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023010376A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
    • B62J43/13—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion on rider-propelled cycles with additional electric propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
    • B62J43/16—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion on motorcycles or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/20—Arrangements of batteries characterised by the mounting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/80—Accessories, e.g. power sources; Arrangements thereof
    • B62M6/90—Batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, for example, to a battery unit and an electric bicycle.
  • An electric moped refers to a mechatronic personal vehicle that uses a battery as an auxiliary energy source on the basis of an ordinary bicycle, and is equipped with a motor, a controller, a display instrument system, a handlebar, a brake handle, and other operating components. Electric mopeds are favored by more and more consumers for their advantages of lightness, environmental protection, and energy saving.
  • the storage battery is the core component for providing energy for electric mopeds.
  • the pursuit of large capacity is a common demand of consumers, and the large volume brought by the large capacity directly affects the aesthetic design and weight of electric mopeds, and is not conducive to the reduction of energy consumption.
  • the battery design of the electric moped mostly adopts the battery unit built into the frame tube.
  • the series-parallel layout of the battery cells of the battery unit is poor, resulting in a large volume of the entire battery unit and low energy density, which cannot meet the size limit of the frame tube and the requirements of lightweight design.
  • the application provides a battery unit and an electric bicycle, which occupy a small volume, have a large battery capacity, and have a high energy density, and meet the size limitation of the frame tube and the requirements of lightweight design.
  • a battery unit including a cell assembly, the cell assembly includes several cell modules, the several cell modules include a first cell module, and the first cell module includes several parallel A first battery group composed of the first battery cells and a second battery group composed of a plurality of second battery cells arranged in parallel, the first battery group and the second battery group are arranged in series;
  • the axial spacing of adjacent battery cells of different groups between the first battery group and the second battery group is A, and the adjacent batteries of the same group between the first battery group and the second battery group
  • the axis spacing of the cells is B, and the cell diameters of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are both C, then A, B, and C satisfy the following dimensional relationship:
  • D is the first spacing value, and the value range of D is 1mm ⁇ D ⁇ 3mm;
  • the plurality of battery modules further include a second battery module
  • Both the first battery module and the second battery module include third battery cells, and the plurality of third battery cells of the first battery module are connected to the number of third battery cells of the second battery module.
  • the third battery cells are arranged in parallel to form a third battery pack, and the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the third battery pack are arranged in series.
  • the axis distances of adjacent battery cells in different groups of the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the third battery pack are the same, and the first battery pack , The axis distances of adjacent battery cells in the same group of the second battery pack and the third battery pack are the same.
  • the first cell module and the second cell module each include four of the first battery cells, four of the second battery cells and two The third battery cells, four of the first battery cells, four of the second battery cells and two of the third battery cells are stacked in three rows, and the two of the second battery cells
  • One battery cell and one second battery cell are arranged side by side to form a first row
  • two first battery cells and two second battery cells are arranged side by side to form a second row
  • two The third battery cell and one of the second battery cells are arranged side by side to form a third row
  • the battery cell circle centers of the four first battery cells and the battery cells of the four second battery cells are The centers of the circles are distributed in a rhombus shape.
  • the first battery module and the second battery module both include a first battery holder and a second battery holder that are detachably connected, and the first battery holder and the second battery holder are detachably connected.
  • An accommodating space is formed between the second battery supports, and the first battery cell, the second battery cell and the third battery cell are all located in the accommodating space.
  • one of the first battery bracket and the second battery bracket is provided with a slot structure, and the other is provided with a slot structure that cooperates with the slot structure.
  • the card-convex structure is provided with a slot structure, and the other is provided with a slot structure that cooperates with the slot structure.
  • both the first battery module and the second battery module further include a first nickel sheet and a second nickel sheet, and the first nickel sheet is arranged on the first nickel sheet.
  • a battery support is away from the side of the second battery support, the second nickel sheet is arranged on the side of the second battery support away from the first battery support, and the first nickel sheet is respectively connected to the first battery support.
  • the positive pole of a battery cell, the positive pole of the second battery cell, and the positive pole of the third battery cell are connected, and the second nickel sheet is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • the negative pole of the battery cell is connected to the negative pole of the third battery cell.
  • a connection assembly is provided between the first cell module and the second cell module, and the connection assembly includes a detachably connected insulating partition and a snap-in block, One side of the insulating spacer is in close contact with the second nickel sheet of the first cell module, and the other side of the insulating spacer is in contact with the first nickel sheet of the second cell module.
  • One side of the clamping block is clamped with the second battery bracket of the first battery module, and the other side of the clamping block is clamped with the second battery bracket of the second battery module. A battery bracket is clamped.
  • the cell assembly further includes a first splint, a second splint and a locking screw, and several cell modules are located on the first splint and the second splint In between, the locking screw runs through several cell modules in sequence, one end of the locking screw is connected to the first splint, and the other end of the locking screw is connected to the second splint.
  • the battery unit further includes a casing assembly, the casing assembly includes a shell profile, a first end cover and a second end cover, and the first end cover is sealed to the One end of the shell profile, the second end cover is blocked at the other end of the shell profile, and the battery cell assembly is located in the shell profile.
  • an electric moped the whole vehicle is small in size, light in weight and strong in battery life.
  • an electric bicycle comprising the battery unit as described above.
  • the first cell module includes a first battery pack composed of several first battery cells arranged in parallel and a second battery pack composed of several second battery cells arranged in parallel, the first battery
  • the first battery group and the second battery group are arranged in series; the axial distance between the adjacent battery cells of different groups between the first battery group and the second battery group is A, and the same group of adjacent battery cells between the first battery group and the second battery group
  • the axis spacing of the battery cells is B, and the cell diameters of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are both C, then A, B, and C satisfy the following dimensional relationship: B ⁇ A ⁇ C+D, D
  • the value range is 1mm ⁇ D ⁇ 3mm; C ⁇ B ⁇ C+E, and the value range of E is 0.1mm ⁇ E ⁇ 0.6mm.
  • the cross-sectional size and overall size of the battery unit are ensured to maximize the battery capacity and high battery energy density in a limited space, while ensuring good battery performance, safety and reliability to meet the size limit and light weight of the frame tube design needs.
  • the battery unit provided by the application has the advantages of small occupied volume, large battery capacity and high energy density.
  • the electric moped provided by this application includes the above-mentioned battery unit. Due to the small occupied volume of the battery unit, large battery capacity and high energy density, the whole vehicle is small in size, light in weight, strong in battery life, beautiful and practical, safe and reliable, and satisfies the The user's lightweight requirements and battery life requirements.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery unit provided in a specific embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit provided in a specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cell module in a battery unit provided in a specific embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the cell module in the battery unit provided in the specific embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the first cell module or the second cell module in the battery unit provided in the specific embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the first cell module or the second cell module in the battery unit provided in the specific embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic layout diagram of the first battery cell, the second battery cell and the third battery cell in the battery unit provided by the specific embodiment of the present application.
  • 11-cell module 11-cell module; 12-first splint; 13-second splint; 14-locking screw;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • this embodiment provides a battery unit that occupies a small volume, has a large battery capacity, and has a high energy density, and can be used in electric-driven vehicles such as electric mopeds. Specifically, in order to maintain the appearance of the whole vehicle And lightweight, the battery unit can be built into the frame tube of the electric moped.
  • the battery unit includes a cell assembly 1, the cell assembly 1 is the core component of the battery unit, the cell assembly 1 includes several cell modules 11, and the several cell modules 11 include a first cell module 111 and a second cell module
  • the second battery module 112 , the first battery module 111 and the second battery module 112 each include a first battery cell 101 , a second battery cell 102 and a third battery cell 103 .
  • the cell assembly 1 includes four cell modules 11, and the four cell modules 11 include two first cell modules 111 and two second cell modules 112, the first The cell modules 111 and the second cell modules 112 are arranged alternately.
  • the number of battery modules 11 in each battery assembly 1 can be set to other numbers according to the electric power requirement of the electric bicycle and the user's personalized customization requirements.
  • first battery cells 101 There are several first battery cells 101, second battery cells 102, and third battery cells 103.
  • first battery cells 101 are arranged in parallel to form a first battery pack 100.
  • second battery cells 102 are arranged in parallel as the second battery pack 200, and several third battery cells 103 of the first cell module 111 are arranged in parallel with several third battery cells 103 of the second cell module 112 to form the third battery pack 300,
  • the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 are arranged in series.
  • the cross-sectional size and overall size of the battery cells are reduced, and the battery capacity is maximized in a limited space and the high density of battery energy is ensured.
  • safety and reliability to meet the size constraints of the frame tube and the needs of lightweight design.
  • the axial spacing of different groups of adjacent battery cells between the first battery pack 100 , the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 is A, and the first battery pack 100 ,
  • the axial distance between the adjacent battery cells of the same group between the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 is B, and the battery cells of the first battery cell 101 , the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103
  • the body diameter is C, then A, B and C satisfy the following size relationship:
  • the design size of the entire battery unit is smaller, and the capacity-to-volume density ratio is larger, realizing a small-volume large-capacity battery.
  • the axial spacing B of adjacent battery cells in the same group is smaller than the axial spacing A of adjacent battery cells in different groups, and the battery cells in the same group are arranged in parallel, which ensures that the capacity volume density ratio of the same group of battery cells is larger. Do not short circuit.
  • the battery packs are arranged in series, and when B ⁇ A, the short circuit between the battery packs can be prevented, thereby ensuring the reliability and safety performance of the battery.
  • the axial spacing A of adjacent battery cells in different groups refers to two adjacent cells of the same cell module 11 (first cell module 111 or second cell module 112 ).
  • Two adjacent battery cells of different battery packs such as the first battery pack 100 and the second battery pack 200, or the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300, or the first battery pack 100 and the third battery pack 300) body (for example, the first battery cell 101 and the second battery cell 102, or the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103, or the first battery cell 101 and the third battery cell 103).
  • the distance between the axis of the first battery cell 101 of the first battery pack 100 of the first cell module 111 and the axis of the second battery cell 102 of the second battery pack 200 adjacent to it is Axial spacing A of battery cells in different groups.
  • the axial spacing B of adjacent battery cells in the same group refers to the same battery pack (such as the first battery pack) of the same battery module 11 (the first battery module 111 or the second battery module 112).
  • 100, the second battery pack 200 or the third battery pack 300) adjacent two battery cells such as the first battery cell 101 and the first battery cell 101, or the second battery cell 102 and the second battery cell body 102, or the distance between the axis of the third battery cell 103 and the third battery cell 103
  • the distance between the axes of the first battery cells 101 of adjacent first battery packs 100 is the distance B between the axes of the battery cells in the same pack.
  • the first cell module 111 and the second cell module 112 each include four first battery cells 101, four The second battery cell 102 and the two third battery cells 103, the four first battery cells 101, the four second battery cells 102 and the two third battery cells 103 are stacked in three rows, Two first battery cells 101 and one second battery cell 102 are arranged side by side to form a first row, and two first battery cells 101 and two second battery cells 102 are arranged side by side to form a second row.
  • a third battery cell 103 and a second battery cell 102 are arranged side by side to form a third row, the battery cell circle centers of the four first battery cells 101 and the battery cell circle centers of the four second battery cells 102 are distributed in a rhombus shape.
  • the axis distances of different groups of adjacent battery cells in the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 are the same, and the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 300 The axial distances of adjacent battery cells in the same group of the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 are the same.
  • the first battery cell 101, the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103 can be cylindrical lithium batteries, that is to say, in this embodiment, the entire battery cell assembly 1 includes 40 cylindrical lithium cells Batteries, since the first battery pack 100, the second battery pack 200 and the third battery pack 300 are connected in parallel within the respective battery packs, and different battery packs are connected in series, the four first battery cells 101 are arranged in parallel as the first battery pack.
  • a battery pack 100, four second battery cells 102 are arranged in parallel to form a second battery pack 200, two third battery cells 103 of the first cell module 111 and two third batteries of the second cell module 112
  • the cells 103 are connected in parallel to form the third battery pack 300. Therefore, the first cell module 111 or the second cell module 112 forms a 4-in-2.5-string battery series-parallel mode, realizing the 4-in-10 battery cell assembly 1
  • the series-parallel connection of batteries improves the space utilization of battery cells.
  • first battery unit 101 the second battery unit 102 and the third battery unit 103 may be selected according to the size limitation and the lightweight requirement of the frame tube.
  • the battery unit may further include a housing assembly 2, the housing assembly 2 includes a housing profile 21, a first end cover 22 and a second end cover 23, the first end cover 22 is sealed to the housing profile 21 , the second end cap 23 is blocked at the other end of the shell profile 21 , and the cell assembly 1 is located inside the shell profile 21 .
  • the cell assembly 1 When assembling, the cell assembly 1 is first loaded into the shell profile 21, and then the first end cover 22 is fixedly connected to the shell profile 21 through screws, so that the first end cover 22 blocks one end of the shell profile 21, and then through The screw realizes the fixed connection between the second end cover 23 and the shell profile 21, so that the second end cover 23 blocks the other end of the shell profile 21, thereby protecting the cell assembly 1 in all directions and preventing the cell assembly 1 from being damaged.
  • the service life of the battery unit is improved.
  • the battery unit may also include a power management module 3, which performs charge and discharge management on each battery cell to achieve efficient energy utilization, which is Relevant technologies will not be repeated here.
  • the cell assembly 1 can also include a first splint 12, a second splint 13 and a locking screw 14, and several cell modules 11 are located on the first splint 12 and the second splint 13 Between them, the locking screw 14 runs through several cell modules 11 in sequence, one end of the locking screw 14 is connected to the first splint 12 , and the other end of the locking screw 14 is connected to the second splint 13 .
  • the middle part of the locking screw 14 is a polished rod, and the two ends of the locking screw 14 are respectively provided with threaded sections to facilitate the threaded connection with the nut, and the first splint 12 and the second splint 13 are clamped by the nuts at both ends, thereby fixing the first splint.
  • Several cell modules 11 between the splint 12 and the second splint 13 are provided, which can not only ensure sufficient fixing force on the cell module 11, but also make full use of the limited space.
  • the first battery module 111 and the second battery module 112 include a first battery holder 104 and a second battery holder 105 that are detachably connected, and the first battery holder 104 and the second battery holder 105 are detachably connected.
  • An accommodating space is formed between the second battery supports 105 , and the first battery cell 101 , the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103 are all located in the accommodating space.
  • the first battery holder 104 and the second battery holder 105 are both provided with ten receiving slots, and a battery cell is placed in each receiving slot, and the first battery cell 101, The series-parallel layout design of the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103 .
  • the first battery holder 104 and the second battery holder 105 can be plastic injection molded parts, which is convenient for batch processing and manufacturing.
  • one of the first battery holder 104 and the second battery holder 105 is provided with a slot structure 1041 , and the other is provided with a protrusion structure 1051 matching with the slot structure 1041 .
  • the slot structure 1041 is arranged on the first battery holder 104, and a plurality of them are arranged along the circumferential direction of the first battery holder 104, and the protrusion structure 1051 is arranged on the second battery holder 105, and along the There are multiple battery holders 105 in the circumferential direction.
  • the first battery holder 104 and the second battery holder 104 Buffer gaskets 108 are provided in the receiving grooves of the battery holder 105 to buffer the force during installation.
  • the buffer gaskets 108 can be made of soft rubber pads to prevent damage to the battery cells.
  • both the first cell module 111 and the second cell module 112 further include a first nickel sheet 106 and a second nickel sheet 107, and the first nickel sheet 106 is arranged on the first battery support 104 away from the second battery support 105
  • the second nickel sheet 107 is arranged on the side of the second battery holder 105 away from the first battery holder 104, and the first nickel sheet 106 is connected to the positive electrode of the first battery cell 101 and the positive electrode of the second battery cell 102 respectively. It is connected to the positive pole of the third battery cell 103 , and the second nickel sheet 107 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first battery cell 101 , the negative pole of the second battery cell 102 and the negative pole of the third battery cell 103 .
  • the first nickel sheet 106 and the second nickel sheet 107 can be integrally formed whole nickel sheets, or can be composed of multiple independent nickel sheets.
  • the shapes of the first nickel sheet 106 and the second nickel sheet 107 can be adapted to the series-parallel arrangement of the first battery cell 101 , the second battery cell 102 and the third battery cell 103 .
  • the first nickel sheet 106 is respectively connected to the positive pole of the first battery cell 101, the positive pole of the second battery cell 102, and the positive pole of the third battery cell 103 by welding.
  • the second nickel sheet 107 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the first battery cell 101 , the negative pole of the second battery cell 102 and the negative pole of the third battery cell 103 by welding.
  • the connection may also be performed in an overlapping manner.
  • the reliability of welding the nickel sheet and the battery cell electrode is increased.
  • a connection assembly 113 is provided between the first cell module 111 and the second cell module 112, and the connection assembly 113 includes a detachably connected insulating partition 1131 and a snap-in block 1132, one side of the insulating partition 1131 is in contact with the second nickel sheet 107 of the first cell module 111, and the other side of the insulating partition 1131 is in contact with the first nickel sheet 106 of the second cell module 112, and the card One side of the connecting block 1132 is engaged with the second battery holder 105 of the first cell module 111 , and the other side of the engaging block 1132 is engaged with the first battery holder 104 of the second cell module 112 .
  • the battery unit provided in this embodiment has small footprint, large battery capacity and high energy density. Through the series-parallel layout and structural design of the battery cells in the battery module 11, the cross-sectional size and overall size of the battery unit are reduced. The space ensures the maximum battery capacity and high battery energy density, while ensuring good battery performance, safety and reliability, so as to meet the size limit of the frame tube and the needs of lightweight design.
  • This embodiment also provides an electric bicycle, including the above-mentioned battery unit, and also includes a motor, a controller, a display instrument system, and operating components such as a handlebar and a brake handle.
  • the display instrument system is used to display the remaining power of the battery
  • the steering handle, brake handle and other operating components are used for the rider to operate and input operation instructions
  • the controller controls the rotation of the motor according to the operation instructions, and realizes the speed adjustment. This is a related technology. This will not be repeated here. Due to the small footprint of the battery unit, large battery capacity and high energy density, the vehicle is small in size, light in weight, strong in battery life, beautiful and practical, safe and reliable, and meets the needs of users for lightweight and long battery life.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电池单元及电动助力车。所述电池单元包括电芯总成（1），电芯总成（1）包括若干个电芯模块（11），若干个电芯模块（11）包括第一电芯模块（111），第一电芯模块（111）包括若干个并联设置的第一电池单体（101）组成的第一电池组（100）以及若干个并联设置的第二电池单体（102）组成的第二电池组（200），第一电池组（100）和第二电池组（200）串联设置；第一电池组（100）和第二电池组（200）之间的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为A，第一电池组（100）和第二电池组（200）之间的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为B，第一电池单体（101）和第二电池单体（102）的电池单体直径均为C，则A、B和C满足以下尺寸关系：B＜A＜C+D，D的取值范围为1mm≤D≤3mm；C＜B＜C+E，E的取值范围为0.1mm≤E≤0.6mm。

Description

电池单元及电动助力车 技术领域
本申请涉及蓄电池领域，例如涉及一种电池单元及电动助力车。
背景技术
电动助力车，是指以蓄电池作为辅助能源在普通自行车的基础上，安装了电机、控制器、显示仪表系统以及转把、闸把等操纵部件的机电一体化的个人交通工具。电动助力车以轻便、环保、节能等优点，受到越来越多消费者的喜爱。
蓄电池作为电动助力车提供能源的核心部件，追求大容量是消费者的普遍需求，而大容量带来的大体积又直接影响到了电动助力车的美观设计和重量，也不利于能耗的降低。为了提高整车的美观性，电动助力车的电池设计大多采用将电池单元内置于车架管中。但是，电池单元的电池单体串并联布局较差，导致整个电池单元体积较大，能量密度较低，无法满足车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电池单元及电动助力车，占用体积小，电池容量大，能量密度高，满足车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。
提供一种电池单元，包括电芯总成，所述电芯总成包括若干个电芯模块，所述若干个电芯模块包括第一电芯模块，所述第一电芯模块包括若干个并联设置的第一电池单体组成的第一电池组以及若干个并联设置的第二电池单体组成的第二电池组，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组串联设置；
所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组之间的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为A，所述第一电池组和所述第二电池组之间的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为B，所述第一电池单体和所述第二电池单体的电池单体直径均为C，则A、B和C满足以下尺寸关系：
B＜A＜C+D，其中，D为第一间距值，D的取值范围为1mm≤D≤3mm；
C＜B＜C+E，其中，E为第二间距值，E的取值范围为0.1mm≤E≤0.6mm。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述若干个电芯模块还包括第二电芯模块；
所述第一电芯模块和所述第二电芯模块均包括第三电池单体，所述第一电芯模块的若干个所述第三电池单体与所述第二电芯模块的若干个所述第三电池单体并联设置为第三电池组，所述第一电池组、所述第二电池组和所述第三电池组串联设置。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电池组、所述第二电池组和所述第三电池组的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同，所述第一电池组、所述第二电池组和所述第三电池组的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电芯模块和所述第二电芯模块均包括四个所述第一电池单体、四个所述第二电池单体和两个所述第三电池单体，四个所述第一电池单体、四个所述第二电池单体和两个所述第三电池单体呈三排叠置排布，两个所述第一电池单体和一个所述第二电池单体并列排布形成第一排，两个所述第一电池单体和两个所述第二电池单体并列排布形成第二排，两个第三电池单体和一个所述第二电池单体并列排布形成第三排，四个所述第一电池单体的电池单体圆心和四个所述第二电池单体的电池单体圆心均呈菱形分布。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电芯模块和所述第二电芯模块均包括可拆卸连接的第一电池支架和第二电池支架，所述第一电池支架和所述第二电池支架之间形成容纳空间，所述第一电池单体、所述第二电池单体和所述第三电池单体均位于所述容纳空间内。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电池支架和所述第二电池支架两者中的一者上设置有卡槽结构，另一者上设置有与所述卡槽结构配合的卡凸结构。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电芯模块和所述第二电芯模块均还包括第一镍片和第二镍片，所述第一镍片设置于所述第一电池支架远离所述第二电池支架的一侧，所述第二镍片设置于所述第二电池支架远离所述第一电池支架的一侧，所述第一镍片分别与所述第一电池单体的正极、所述第二电池单体的正极和所述第三电池单体的正极连接，所述第二镍片分别与所述第一电池单体的负极、所述第二电池单体的负极和所述第三电池单体的负极连接。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述第一电芯模块和所述第二电芯模块之间设置有连接组件，所述连接组件包括可拆卸连接的绝缘隔板和卡接块，所述绝缘隔板的一侧与所述第一电芯模块的所述第二镍片贴靠，所述绝缘隔板的另一侧与所述第二电芯模块的所述第一镍片贴靠，所述卡接块的一侧与所述第一电芯模块的所述第二电池支架卡接，所述卡接块的另一侧与所述第二电芯模块的所述第一电池支架卡接。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述电芯总成还包括第一夹板、第二夹板和锁紧螺杆，若干个所述电芯模块位于所述第一夹板和所述第二夹板之间，所述锁紧螺杆依次贯穿若干个所述电芯模块，所述锁紧螺杆的一端与所述第一夹板连接，所述锁紧螺杆的另一端与所述第二夹板连接。
作为本申请的电池单元的可选方案，所述电池单元还包括壳体组件，所述壳体组件包括外壳型材、第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖封堵于所述外壳型材的一端，所述第二端盖封堵于所述外壳型材的另一端，所述电芯总成位于所述外壳型材内。
还提供一种电动助力车，整车体积小，重量轻，续航能力强。
还提供一种电动助力车，包括如上所述的电池单元。
本申请提供的电池单元，第一电芯模块包括若干个并联设置的第一电池单体组成的第一电池组以及若干个并联设置的第二电池单体组成的第二电池组，第一电池组和第二电池组串联设置；第一电池组和第二电池组之间的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为A，第一电池组和第二电池组之间的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为B，第一电池单体和第二电池单体的电池单体直径均为C，则A、B和C满足以下尺寸关系：B＜A＜C+D，D的取值范围为1mm≤D≤3mm；C＜B＜C+E，E的取值范围为0.1mm≤E≤0.6mm，通过对电芯模块内电池单体的串并联布局和结构设计，降低了电池单元截面尺寸和整体尺寸，在有限的空间里确保了电池容量的最大化以及电池能量的高密度，同时确保了电池性能良好和安全可靠性，以满足车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。本申请提供的电池单元，占用体积小、电池容量大和能量密度高。
本申请提供的电动助力车，包括上述的电池单元，由于电池单元的占用体积小、电池容量大和能量密度高，使得整车体积小，重量轻，续航能力强，美观实用，安全可靠，同时满足了用户的轻量化需求和续航久需求。
附图说明
图1是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元的爆炸示意图；
图2是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元的结构示意图；
图3是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元中电芯模块的结构示意图；
图4是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元中电芯模块的爆炸示意图；
图5是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元中第一电芯模块或第二电芯模块的结构示意图；
图6是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元中第一电芯模块或第二电芯模块的爆炸示意图；
图7是本申请具体实施方式提供的电池单元中第一电池单体、第二电池单体和第三电池单体的布局示意图。
图中：
1-电芯总成；2-壳体组件；3-电源管理模块；
11-电芯模块；12-第一夹板；13-第二夹板；14-锁紧螺杆；
111-第一电芯模块；112-第二电芯模块；113-连接组件；
101-第一电池单体；102-第二电池单体；103-第三电池单体；104-第一电池支架；1041-卡槽结构；105-第二电池支架；1051-卡凸结构；106-第一镍片；107-第二镍片；108-缓冲垫片；
1131-绝缘隔板；1132-卡接块；
21-外壳型材；22-第一端盖；23-第二端盖；
100-第一电池组；200-第二电池组；300-第三电池组。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。其中，术语“第一位置”和“第二位置”为两个不同的位置。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人 员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
目前，电池单元的电池单体串并联布局较差，导致整个电池单元体积较大，能量密度较低，无法满足电动助力车车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。
如图1至图7所示，本实施例提供一种电池单元，占用体积小，电池容量大，能量密度高，可以用于电动助力车等电力驱动的车辆中，具体地，为保持整车美观和轻量化，电池单元可以内置于电动助力车的车架管中。该电池单元包括电芯总成1，电芯总成1作为电池单元的核心部件，电芯总成1包括若干个电芯模块11，若干个电芯模块11包括第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112均包括第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103。在本实施例中，示例性地，电芯总成1包括四个电芯模块11，四个电芯模块11包括两个第一电芯模块111和两个第二电芯模块112，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112交错设置。在其他实施例中，根据电动助力车的电量需求以及用户的个性化定制需求，每个电芯总成1的电芯模块11的个数可以设置为其他数量。
第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103均设置有若干个，若干个第一电池单体101并联设置为第一电池组100，若干个第二电池单体102并联设置为第二电池组200，第一电芯模块111的若干个第三电池单体103与第二电芯模块112的若干个第三电池单体103并联设置为第三电池组300，第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300串联设置。通过对电芯模块11中的电池单体的串并联布局和结构设计，降低了电池单元截面尺寸和整体尺寸，在有限的空间里确保了电池容量的最大化以及电池能量的高密度，同时确保了电池性能良好和安全可靠性，以满足车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。
如图7所示，本实施例中，第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300之间的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为A，第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300之间的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为B，第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103的电池单体直径均为C，则A、B和C满足以下尺寸关系：
B＜A＜C+D，其中，D为第一间距值，D的取值范围为1mm≤D≤3mm，可选地，D＝2mm；
C＜B＜C+E，其中，E为第二间距值，E的取值范围为0.1mm≤E≤0.6mm，可选地，E＝0.5mm。
当A、B和C满足上述尺寸关系时，整个电池单元的设计尺寸更小，容量体积密度比更大，实现小体积做大容量电池。并且，同组相邻电池单体的轴线 间距B小于异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距A，且同组电池单体并联设置，确保了容量体积密度比更大的同时同组电池单体不短路。另外，因为电池组为串联设置，且B＜A时可防止电池组之间短路，确保了电池的可靠性和安全性能。
如图7所示，需要说明的是，异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距A是指同一个电芯模块11(第一电芯模块111或第二电芯模块112)的相邻两个不同电池组(例如第一电池组100与第二电池组200，或第二电池组200与第三电池组300，或第一电池组100与第三电池组300)的相邻两个电池单体(例如第一电池单体101与第二电池单体102，或第二电池单体102与第三电池单体103，或第一电池单体101与第三电池单体103)的轴线之间的距离，例如第一电芯模块111的第一电池组100的第一电池单体101的轴线和与其相邻的第二电池组200的第二电池单体102的轴线之间的距离即异组电池单体的轴线间距A。
可以理解的是，同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距B是指同一个电芯模块11(第一电芯模块111或第二电芯模块112)的同一个电池组(例如第一电池组100、第二电池组200或第三电池组300)的相邻两个电池单体(例如第一电池单体101与第一电池单体101，或第二电池单体102与第二电池单体102，或第三电池单体103与第三电池单体103)的轴线之间的距离，例如第一电芯模块111的第一电池组100的第一电池单体101的轴线和与其相邻的第一电池组100的第一电池单体101的轴线之间的距离即同组电池单体的轴线间距B。
如图5和图7所示，在本实施例中，为提高空间利用率和能量密度，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112均包括四个第一电池单体101、四个第二电池单体102和两个第三电池单体103，四个第一电池单体101、四个第二电池单体102和两个第三电池单体103呈三排叠置排布，两个第一电池单体101和一个第二电池单体102并列排布形成第一排，两个第一电池单体101和两个第二电池单体102并列排布形成第二排，两个第三电池单体103和一个第二电池单体102并列排布形成第三排，四个第一电池单体101的电池单体圆心和四个第二电池单体102的电池单体圆心均呈菱形分布。
为提高电池性能及批量加工效率，可选地，第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同，第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同。
第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103可以是圆柱形锂电池，也就是说，在本实施例中，整个电芯总成1包括了40个圆柱形锂电池，由于采用第一电池组100、第二电池组200和第三电池组300的各自电池组内并联，不同电池组之间串联的组合方式，4个第一电池单体101并联设置为第一电池组100，4个第二电池单体102并联设置为第二电池组200，第一电芯模块111 的2个第三电池单体103与第二电芯模块112的2个第三电池单体103并联设置为第三电池组300，因此，第一电芯模块111或第二电芯模块112形成4并2.5串的电池串并联方式，实现了整个电芯总成1的4并10串的电池串并联方式，提高了电池单元的空间利用率。
当然，在其他实施例中，根据车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化需求，可以选取其他数量的第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103。
如图1和图2所示，电池单元还可以包括壳体组件2，壳体组件2包括外壳型材21、第一端盖22和第二端盖23，第一端盖22封堵于外壳型材21的一端，第二端盖23封堵于外壳型材21的另一端，电芯总成1位于外壳型材21内。组装时，先将电芯总成1装入外壳型材21内，然后通过螺钉实现第一端盖22与外壳型材21的固定连接，使第一端盖22封堵外壳型材21的一端，再通过螺钉实现第二端盖23与外壳型材21的固定连接，使第二端盖23封堵外壳型材21的另一端，从而全方位地保护电芯总成1，防止电芯总成1受损，提高了电池单元的使用寿命。在本实施例中，为方便控制各个电池单体的充放电管理，电池单元还可以包括电源管理模块3，电源管理模块3对各个电池单体进行充放电管理，实现能源高效率利用，此为相关技术，在此不再赘述。
为防止电芯模块11晃动影响电池性能，电芯总成1还可以包括第一夹板12、第二夹板13和锁紧螺杆14，若干个电芯模块11位于第一夹板12和第二夹板13之间，锁紧螺杆14依次贯穿若干个电芯模块11，锁紧螺杆14的一端与第一夹板12连接，锁紧螺杆14的另一端与第二夹板13连接。锁紧螺杆14的中部为光杆，锁紧螺杆14的两端分别设置有螺纹段，以方便与螺母螺纹连接，通过两端的螺母将第一夹板12和第二夹板13夹紧，从而固定第一夹板12和第二夹板13之间的若干个电芯模块11。在本实施例中，锁紧螺杆14设置有四个，既能保证对电芯模块11具有足够的固定作用力，又能充分利用有限的空间。
如图5和图6所示，可选地，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112均包括可拆卸连接的第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105，第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105之间形成容纳空间，第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103均位于容纳空间内。在本实施例中，第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105均设置有十个容纳槽，每个容纳槽内放置一个电池单体，通过容纳槽的结构设计实现第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103的串并联布局设计。第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105可以为塑料注塑件，方便批量加工制造。
可选地，第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105两者中的一者上设置有卡槽结构1041，另一者上设置有与卡槽结构1041配合的卡凸结构1051。在本实 施例中，卡槽结构1041设置于第一电池支架104上，且沿第一电池支架104的周向设置有多个，卡凸结构1051设置于第二电池支架105上，且沿第二电池支架105的周向设置有多个。组装时，先将若干个第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103分别放置于第一电池支架104(或第二电池支架105)的容纳槽内，再通过卡槽结构1041和卡凸结构1051的卡扣形式配合，将第二电池支架105(或第一电池支架104)与第一电池支架104(或第二电池支架105)连接为一体，安装简便快捷，提高了装配效率。
为降低第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103的装配难度以及降低第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105的加工要求，第一电池支架104和第二电池支架105的容纳槽内均设置有缓冲垫片108，用以缓冲安装时的作用力，缓冲垫片108可以采用软胶垫，防止损坏电池单体。
可选地，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112均还包括第一镍片106和第二镍片107，第一镍片106设置于第一电池支架104远离第二电池支架105的一侧，第二镍片107设置于第二电池支架105远离第一电池支架104的一侧，第一镍片106分别与第一电池单体101的正极、第二电池单体102的正极和第三电池单体103的正极连接，第二镍片107分别与第一电池单体101的负极、第二电池单体102的负极和第三电池单体103的负极连接。第一镍片106和第二镍片107可以为一体成型的整个镍片，也可以为相互独立的多个镍片组成。第一镍片106和第二镍片107的形状可以与第一电池单体101、第二电池单体102和第三电池单体103的串并联布局相适应。
在本实施例中，为提高电池可靠性，第一镍片106分别采用焊接的方式与第一电池单体101的正极、第二电池单体102的正极和第三电池单体103的正极连接，第二镍片107分别采用焊接的方式与第一电池单体101的负极、第二电池单体102的负极和第三电池单体103的负极连接。在其他实施例中，也可以采用搭接的形式进行连接。另外，在缓冲垫片108的缓冲作用下，增加了镍片与电池单体电极焊接的可靠性。
如图3和图4所示，可选地，第一电芯模块111和第二电芯模块112之间设置有连接组件113，连接组件113包括可拆卸连接的绝缘隔板1131和卡接块1132，绝缘隔板1131的一侧与第一电芯模块111的第二镍片107贴靠，绝缘隔板1131的另一侧与第二电芯模块112的第一镍片106贴靠，卡接块1132的一侧与第一电芯模块111的第二电池支架105卡接，卡接块1132的另一侧与第二电芯模块112的第一电池支架104卡接。在本实施例中，卡接块1132设置有两个，组装时，先将两个卡接块1132夹紧绝缘隔板1131，再共同移动至绝缘隔板1131的一侧与第一电芯模块111的第二镍片107贴靠，同时，卡接块1132的一侧与 第一电芯模块111的第二电池支架105卡接，再共同移动至绝缘隔板1131的另一侧与第二电芯模块112的第一镍片106贴靠，同时，卡接块1132的另一侧与第二电芯模块112的第一电池支架104卡接。
本实施例提供的电池单元，占用体积小、电池容量大和能量密度高，通过对电芯模块11内电池单体的串并联布局和结构设计，降低了电池单元截面尺寸和整体尺寸，在有限的空间里确保了电池容量的最大化以及电池能量的高密度，同时确保了电池性能良好和安全可靠性，以满足车架管的尺寸限制和轻量化设计的需求。
本实施例还提供一种电动助力车，包括上述的电池单元，还包括电机、控制器、显示仪表系统以及转把、闸把等操纵部件，电池单元为电机、控制器、显示仪表系统以及操纵部件提供电能，显示仪表系统用于显示电池剩余电量，转把、闸把等操纵部件供骑乘者操作输入操作指令，控制器根据操作指令控制电机的转动，实现车速调节，此为相关技术，在此不再赘述。由于电池单元的占用体积小、电池容量大和能量密度高，使得整车体积小，重量轻，续航能力强，美观实用，安全可靠，同时满足了用户的轻量化需求和续航久需求。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电池单元，包括电芯总成(1)，所述电芯总成(1)包括若干个电芯模块(11)，所述若干个电芯模块(11)包括第一电芯模块(111)，所述第一电芯模块(111)包括若干个并联设置的第一电池单体(101)组成的第一电池组(100)以及若干个并联设置的第二电池单体(102)组成的第二电池组(200)，所述第一电池组(100)和所述第二电池组(200)串联设置；
    所述第一电池组(100)和所述第二电池组(200)之间的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为A，所述第一电池组(100)和所述第二电池组(200)之间的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距为B，所述第一电池单体(101)和所述第二电池单体(102)的电池单体直径均为C，则A、B和C满足以下尺寸关系：
    B＜A＜C+D，其中，D为第一间距值，D的取值范围为1mm≤D≤3mm；
    C＜B＜C+E，其中，E为第二间距值，E的取值范围为0.1mm≤E≤0.6mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其中，所述若干个电芯模块(11)还包括第二电芯模块(112)；
    所述第一电芯模块(111)和所述第二电芯模块(112)均包括第三电池单体(103)，所述第一电芯模块(111)的若干个所述第三电池单体(103)与所述第二电芯模块(112)的若干个所述第三电池单体(103)并联设置为第三电池组(300)，所述第一电池组(100)、所述第二电池组(200)和所述第三电池组(300)串联设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电池组(100)、所述第二电池组(200)和所述第三电池组(300)的异组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同，所述第一电池组(100)、所述第二电池组(200)和所述第三电池组(300)的同组相邻电池单体的轴线间距相同。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电芯模块(111)和所述第二电芯模块(112)均包括四个所述第一电池单体(101)、四个所述第二电池单体(102)和两个所述第三电池单体(103)，四个所述第一电池单体(101)、四个所述第二电池单体(102)和两个所述第三电池单体(103)呈三排叠置排布，两个所述第一电池单体(101)和一个所述第二电池单体(102)并列排布形成第一排，两个所述第一电池单体(101)和两个所述第二电池单体(102)并列排布形成第二排，两个第三电池单体(103)和一个所述第二电池单体(102)并列排布形成第三排，四个所述第一电池单体(101)的电池单体圆心和四个所述第二电池单体(102)的电池单体圆心均呈菱形分布。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电芯模块(111)和所述第二电芯模块(112)均包括可拆卸连接的第一电池支架(104)和第二 电池支架(105)，所述第一电池支架(104)和所述第二电池支架(105)之间形成容纳空间，所述第一电池单体(101)、所述第二电池单体(102)和所述第三电池单体(103)均位于所述容纳空间内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电池支架(104)和所述第二电池支架(105)两者中的一者上设置有卡槽结构(1041)，另一者上设置有与所述卡槽结构(1041)配合的卡凸结构(1051)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电芯模块(111)和所述第二电芯模块(112)均还包括第一镍片(106)和第二镍片(107)，所述第一镍片(106)设置于所述第一电池支架(104)远离所述第二电池支架(105)的一侧，所述第二镍片(107)设置于所述第二电池支架(105)远离所述第一电池支架(104)的一侧，所述第一镍片(106)分别与所述第一电池单体(101)的正极、所述第二电池单体(102)的正极和所述第三电池单体(103)的正极连接，所述第二镍片(107)分别与所述第一电池单体(101)的负极、所述第二电池单体(102)的负极和所述第三电池单体(103)的负极连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单元，其中，所述第一电芯模块(111)和所述第二电芯模块(112)之间设置有连接组件(113)，所述连接组件(113)包括可拆卸连接的绝缘隔板(1131)和卡接块(1132)，所述绝缘隔板(1131)的一侧与所述第一电芯模块(111)的所述第二镍片(107)贴靠，所述绝缘隔板(1131)的另一侧与所述第二电芯模块(112)的所述第一镍片(106)贴靠，所述卡接块(1132)的一侧与所述第一电芯模块(111)的所述第二电池支架(105)卡接，所述卡接块(1132)的另一侧与所述第二电芯模块(112)的所述第一电池支架(104)卡接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其中，所述电芯总成(1)还包括第一夹板(12)、第二夹板(13)和锁紧螺杆(14)，所述若干个电芯模块(11)位于所述第一夹板(12)和所述第二夹板(13)之间，所述锁紧螺杆(14)依次贯穿所述若干个电芯模块(11)，所述锁紧螺杆(14)的一端与所述第一夹板(12)连接，所述锁紧螺杆(14)的另一端与所述第二夹板(13)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单元，其中，所述电池单元还包括壳体组件(2)，所述壳体组件(2)包括外壳型材(21)、第一端盖(22)和第二端盖(23)，所述第一端盖(22)封堵于所述外壳型材(21)的一端，所述第二端盖(23)封堵于所述外壳型材(21)的另一端，所述电芯总成(1)位于所述外壳型材(21)内。
  11. 一种电动助力车，包括如权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单元。
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