WO2023008564A1 - 高増殖性細胞の製造方法、高増殖性細胞およびその用途 - Google Patents
高増殖性細胞の製造方法、高増殖性細胞およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing highly proliferative cells, highly proliferative cells, and uses thereof.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing hyperproliferative cells, hyperproliferative cells, and uses thereof.
- a method for producing highly proliferative cells comprising: (i) preparing ectodermal cells as a raw material; (ii) culturing in a medium containing a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor in contact with said starting ectodermal cells, and (iii) After the contact, additional culturing is performed in a medium containing the inhibitor to obtain a culture containing highly proliferative cells with enhanced cell proliferation ability compared to the raw material ectodermal cells.
- the high-proliferative cells are cultured under the same culture conditions for the same culture period except that the number of cells after a culture period of more than 28 days in contact with the inhibitor is not in contact with the inhibitor.
- the hyperproliferative cells express at least one gene specific to mature cells to the same level as or more
- a method for producing highly proliferative cells, highly proliferative cells, and uses thereof can be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows the morphology of ectodermal cells after long-term culture according to Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows cell morphology of ectodermal cells before and after medium exchange to the recovery medium according to Example 2.
- FIG. 3A shows the particle size distribution of particles in the culture supernatant collected after additional culture of the Normal group according to Example 2.
- FIG. 3B shows the particle size distribution of particles in the culture supernatant collected after additional culture of the NHA-YA group according to Example 2.
- FIG. Figure 4A shows proteins selected by proteome analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 4.
- Figure 4B shows proteins selected by proteome analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 4.
- FIG. 5 shows miRNAs as Parkinson's disease markers selected by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- FIG. 6 shows miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers selected by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- FIG. 7 shows miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers selected by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- FIG. 8 shows miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers selected by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- FIG. 9 shows miRNAs selected as Alzheimer's disease markers by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- Figure 10 shows miRNA as a depression marker selected by miRNA analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes according to Example 5.
- the method for producing highly proliferative cells comprises: (i) preparing ectodermal cells as a raw material; (ii) culturing in a medium containing a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor in contact with said starting ectodermal cells, and (iii) After the contact, additional culturing is performed in a medium containing the inhibitor to obtain a culture containing highly proliferative cells with enhanced cell proliferation ability compared to the raw material ectodermal cells. .
- the term "cell” should be interpreted as a term that includes at least one cell unless otherwise specified. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the cell referred to by the term “cell” is not limited to being a single cell and can be used synonymously with a cell population.
- cell population should be interpreted as a term containing at least one type of cell. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the term “cell population” is not limited to cells of one type.
- Ectoderm is one of the three germ layers that occur during metazoan development. Ectoderm originates from the outer layers of the embryo and develops into the skin, nervous system and sensory organs. Skin includes, for example, epidermis, hair, nails, and skin glands; nervous system includes, for example, cranial nerves, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves; and sensory organs, such as visual organs, auditory organs, and balance. organ, gustatory, olfactory and tactile.
- Ectodermal cells as used in the present disclosure include, for example, cells of the nervous system, such as cells of the central nervous system and cells of the peripheral nervous system.
- source ectodermal cells can include, for example, cells of the central nervous system.
- the source ectodermal cells may include astrocytes.
- the ectodermal cells used in the production method of the present disclosure may be provided from any source, for example, provided from mammals.
- Mammals include, for example, humans, rats, mice, cats, dogs, guinea pigs, rabbits, sheep, horses, pigs, cows and monkeys. Mammals are preferably humans, rats, mice, cats or dogs, more preferably humans, rats or mice.
- ectodermal cells are cells that constitute “ectodermal tissue” and “ectodermal organs”.
- Ectodermal tissue and “ectodermal organ” include, for example, central nerves (brain and spinal cord), pituitary gland, peripheral nerves, enteric nerves, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, facial cartilage, dentin of teeth, epidermis, hair , nails, skin, sebaceous glands, salivary glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, nasal cavities, nasal mucosa, oral epithelium, oral cavity, eyes, bladder, and anus.
- the brain can be broadly divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem.
- the cerebrum is further divided into the telencephalon and diencephalon, and the brainstem is further divided into the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
- the central nervous system is composed of neurons and glial cells, and these cells can be chosen as starting material. These tissues or organs are rich in mature cells that have completed the terminal differentiation stage.
- Ectodermal cells as raw materials are, for example, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (also called polydendrocytes) classified into glial cells, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite cells. At least one selected from the group consisting of can be selected. These cells are primary cells obtained from living organisms, established cell lines, or ectodermal cells induced from pluripotent stem cells such as ES cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). good too.
- the cells used in the method of the present disclosure may be, for example, cells isolated and purified from brains excised from mammals.
- brains excised from adult rats aged 10 to 20 weeks it is preferable to use brains excised from adult rats aged 10 to 20 weeks, but brains derived from juvenile rats aged 2 months or less may also be used.
- it can be obtained by biopsy or surgery.
- both neuronal and glial cells can be obtained by biopsy.
- excised adult brain tissue pieces can be used, as can brains excised from dead fetuses.
- frozen cells can also be used.
- the raw material ectodermal cells can be defined as cells that exhibit the characteristics of ectodermal cells. Characteristics of ectodermal cells include cell morphology, expression of cell-specific genes (sometimes referred to as “marker genes”), and the like. being an ectodermal cell, at any stage of differentiation, e.g., selected from the group consisting of GFAP, S100B, SLC1A2 (also known as "EAAT2" or "GLT-1"), and NG2 The presence of expression of at least one marker gene can be confirmed. Expression of marker genes for ectodermal cells may be confirmed on both gene and protein basis. Gene or protein expression can be confirmed by methods known in the art, such as the presence or absence of expression, the specific expression level depending on the measurement method, and comparison with the expression level of the same gene or protein in a specific cell. can.
- the expression of the marker gene can be confirmed using techniques known in the art, for example, quantitative PCR (sometimes referred to as "qPCR"). It can be confirmed by measurement of expression level, measurement of protein amount using an immunoassay method such as ELISA, flow cytometry, and the like.
- the raw material ectodermal cells prepared as described above are brought into contact with a low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor. Contacting may be in vitro.
- Any low-molecular signaling pathway inhibitor that can be used in this method is not particularly limited and can be used.
- Examples of low-molecular signaling pathway inhibitors include transforming growth factor (TGF) ⁇ receptor inhibitors, ROCK [Rho-associated protein kinase] inhibitors and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Glycogen synthase kinase 3; GSK3) inhibitors.
- the inhibitor may contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors and GSK3 inhibitors. In the production method according to the present disclosure, the inhibitor may contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitors and ROCK inhibitors.
- the TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it has the effect of inhibiting the function of the TGF ⁇ receptor.
- -tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine 3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(4-quinolyl)-1-phenylthiocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazole ( A-83-01), [2-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-pyridylamino)]pteridine (SD-208), 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(4 -Quinonyl)]-1H-pyrazole, 2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridine (both Merck), SB431542 ( Sigma Aldrich) and CultureSure® A-83-01 (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- the ROCK inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it has the effect of inhibiting the function of Rho-associated protein kinase. ), CultureSure® Y-27632 (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and H-1152 dihydrochloride (Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- the ROCK inhibitor is preferably CultureSure® Y-27632. ROCK inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the GSK3 inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it has the effect of inhibiting the function of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3.
- GSK3 inhibitors include, for example, SB216763 (Selleck), CHIR 98014 ( Axon medchem), CHIR 99021 (Axon medchem), SB415286 (Tocris Bioscience) and Kenpaullone (Cosmo Bio).
- the GSK3 inhibitor is preferably CHIR 99021.
- GSK3 inhibitors may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor used in this production method can be at least one selected from the group consisting of TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitors and ROCK inhibitors. That is, the low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor used in the present production method is - a combination of a TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor and a ROCK inhibitor, • a TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor, or • a ROCK inhibitor. In one aspect, the small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor used is a combination of a TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor and a ROCK inhibitor. As used herein, the term "small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor" may be simply referred to as "inhibitor.”
- aspects of the present disclosure include, for example, inhibitors of: (1) 2-(5-benzo[1,3]dioxol-4-yl-2-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine, 3-(6-methylpyridine-2- yl)-4-(4-quinolyl)-1-phenylthiocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazole (A-83-01), [2-(5-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-pyridylamino)] Pteridine (SD-208), 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(4-quinonyl)]-1H-pyrazole, 2-(3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole- 4-yl)-1,5-naphthyridine, SB431542 and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CultureSure® A-83-01; (2) 2-(5-benzo[1,3]di
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor in the medium is, for example, within the range of 0.001 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, 0.01 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, or 0.05 ⁇ M to 30 ⁇ M, and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of TGF ⁇ receptor used.
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor, eg, CultureSure® A-83-01, in the medium is 0.1 ⁇ M to 3 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor in the medium is, for example, within the range of 0.001 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, 0.01 ⁇ M to 80 ⁇ M, or 0.1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of ROCK inhibitor used.
- the concentration of the ROCK inhibitor, eg, CultureSure® Y-27632, in the medium is between 1 ⁇ M and 30 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of the GSK3 inhibitor in the medium is, for example, within the range of 0.001 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, 0.01 ⁇ M to 80 ⁇ M, or 0.1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of GSK3 inhibitor used.
- the above concentration ranges are applicable both when the TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor and GSK3 inhibitor are used alone and when these inhibitors are used in combination.
- the inhibitor when it is water-insoluble or poorly water-soluble, it can be dissolved in a small amount of a low-toxic organic solvent (eg, DMSO, etc.) and then added to the medium to achieve the above final concentration.
- a low-toxic organic solvent eg, DMSO, etc.
- the contact between the raw material ectodermal cells and the low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor is carried out by culturing the raw material ectodermal cells in a medium containing the inhibitor. Specifically, the inhibitor is added to the medium at an effective concentration and cultured.
- ectodermal cells After contacting the raw material ectodermal cells with a low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor, they are further cultured in a medium containing the inhibitor. Further culturing is here also referred to as “additional culturing” or “second culturing". In contrast, culturing of ectodermal cells as raw materials until they are brought into contact with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor, that is, culturing of ectodermal cells in a medium that does not contain a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor. , also referred to as “pre-culture” or “first culture”. After contact with the inhibitor, additional culture is performed to obtain highly proliferative cells with enhanced cell proliferation ability. Since the inhibitor is contained in the medium even during the additional culture, the contact between the cells and the inhibitor continues.
- a medium widely used for culturing animal cells can be used as a basal medium, and a commercially available basal medium may also be used.
- Commercially available basal media include, for example, astrocyte growth medium (AGM), minimal essential medium (MEM), Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium (DMEM), RPMI1640 medium, 199 medium, Ham's F12 medium, William' Examples include sE medium and NS basal medium (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), but are not particularly limited to these.
- AGM astrocyte growth medium
- MEM minimal essential medium
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified minimal essential medium
- RPMI1640 medium RPMI1640 medium
- 199 medium Ham's F12 medium
- William' Examples include sE medium and NS basal medium (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), but are not particularly limited to these.
- the above medium may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Additives added to the medium include, for example, cytokines, growth factors (e.g., epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)), hormones (e.g., insulin, estradiol, progesterone).
- growth factors e.g., epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)
- hormones e.g., insulin, estradiol, progesterone
- steroids eg, dexamethasone (Dex)
- plasma-derived proteins eg, transferrin
- amino acids eg, L-glutamine and L-proline
- various inorganic salts eg, selenite and NaHCO 3
- vitamins eg, nicotinamide and ascorbic acid derivatives
- N2 supplement Ferjifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- NS supplement Ferjifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- B-27 Plus Supplement Thermo Fisher Scientific
- antibiotics eg, penicillin and streptomycin
- antifungal agents eg, amphotericin
- buffers eg, Good's buffers such as HEPES
- the medium used in the preculture (first culture) and additional culture (second culture) may be either a serum-added medium or a serum-free medium.
- fetal bovine serum can be used as serum.
- exosome-removed FBS can also be used.
- concentration of serum in the medium is, for example, 0.5-25% (v/v), 1-25% (v/v), 1-20% (v/v), 1-15% (v/v ), 2-15% (v/v), 2-10% (v/v), 3-10% (v/v), 3-8% (v/v), and 3-5% (v /v). In one specific aspect, the concentration of serum in the medium is 3% (v/v).
- serum replacement When using serum-free medium, serum replacement may be added.
- serum substitutes include bovine serum albumin (BSA), knockout serum replacement (KSR), human serum albumin (HSA or human albumin, serum; HAS), and the like. mentioned.
- human serum albumin human serum albumin isolated from human plasma or human serum albumin purified from rice expressing human serum albumin gene (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) can be used. Additional factors such as growth factors (such as hEGH), cytokines and hormones are usually added to the medium.
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- insulin transferrin
- dexamethasone Dex
- N2 supplement Flujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- NS Supplement Flujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- B-27 Serum Free Supplement Thermo Fisher Scientific
- the culture vessel used for culture is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for adherent culture. , chamber slides, Petri dishes, tubes, trays and culture bags.
- As the culture vessel a culture vessel whose surface has been processed so that the cells cannot adhere in order to carry out suspension culture of cells can also be used.
- the inner surface can be coated with a cell-supporting substrate for the purpose of improving adhesion to cells.
- Such cell-supporting matrices include, for example, collagen, gelatin, matrigel, poly-L-lysine, laminin and fibronectin.
- Preferred cell-supporting matrices are collagen or matrigel.
- the ectodermal cells used as raw materials are, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/cm 2 , 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells/cm 2 , or 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 . It can be seeded onto culture vessels at a cell density of cm 2 .
- conditions generally applied to culturing ectodermal cells can be applied as they are.
- a CO 2 incubator can be used for the culture, and the culture temperature and CO 2 concentration in that case may be those commonly used, for example, 37° C. and 5% (v/v). be able to.
- the culture period is the period of culturing with YA, and the period may be a continuous period or a discontinuous period, that is, a period obtained by summing a plurality of discontinuous periods.
- the culture period may be greater than 28 days, for example 5 weeks or longer, 6 weeks or longer, or 7 weeks or longer.
- the upper limit of the culture period can be, for example, about 3 months or 100 days.
- Passaging can be appropriately performed depending on the cell density in the culture vessel, the state of the medium, the state of the cells, etc., and the passaging interval can be, for example, about 2 to 20 days.
- HP cells Highly proliferating cells obtained by this production method are cells with enhanced proliferative ability, Compared to the control ectodermal cells cultured under the same conditions as the culture conditions of the cells except that a medium containing no agent is used, the cell growth activity is higher and the property of growing in a shorter time, that is, cells It means that the cell has the property of a shorter doubling time, the property of proliferating for a longer period of time, or the property of satisfying both.
- the cell population contained in the culture obtained by this production method includes not only HP cells, but also cells whose proliferation ability has not been enhanced and has the same proliferation ability as the original cells, that is, non-HP cells.
- Non-highly proliferating cells (sometimes referred to herein as "non-HP cells") can be included.
- the proportion of HP cells in the cell population obtained by this production method may be 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more based on the number of cells.
- the hyperproliferative cells are the number of cells after a culture period of more than 28 days (herein, “period T”) in contact with the inhibitor (herein, “the number of cells N”) is the number of ectodermal cells cultured for the same culture period under the same culture conditions except that they are not in contact with the inhibitor (herein, “cells of ectodermal cells number N′”).
- the culture conditions in this case can be, for example, a seeding density of 4 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 , a culture temperature of 37° C., and a CO 2 concentration of 5%.
- Any of the media used in the above preculture and additional culture can be used as the medium used for confirming the cell number N of the highly proliferative cells.
- the two types of media used to confirm the cell number N of hyperproliferative cells and the cell number N' of ectodermal cells, respectively, may be the same composition other than the presence or absence of inhibitors. can.
- the period T is, for example, 90 days, 80 days, 70 days, 60 days, 50 days, 45 days, 42 days, 40 days, 35 days, 32 days, 30 days or 29 days.
- the cell number N of the hyperproliferative cells is not particularly limited as long as it is more than 1.0 times the cell number N' of the ectodermal cells, for example, 1.1 times or more the cell number N', 1 It may be .2 times or more, 1.3 times or more, 1.4 times or more, or 1.5 times or more.
- the cell number N of hyperproliferative cells is at least 1.5 times the cell number N' of ectodermal cells.
- Hyperproliferative cells may be identified by the expression of cell-specific genes, ie marker genes.
- the expression of the marker gene for hyperproliferative cells may be confirmed based on either the gene or the protein, as described hereinabove, and the method for confirming the expression of the gene or protein is the presence or absence of expression, the method for measuring specific expression level depending on the cell, comparison with the expression level of the same gene or protein in a specific cell, and the like.
- the term “positive” or “negative” may be used for gene or protein expression.
- “positive” means when there is expression of the gene or protein of interest, whereas “negative” is when there is no expression of the gene or protein of interest.
- specific cells that differ from hyperproliferative cells can be used as controls.
- Specific cells to be compared ie, “control cells”, may be cells in which the expression level of the gene or protein of interest is extremely low, It may be a germ layer cell, or it may be a mature cell or its progenitor cells.
- highly proliferative cells are "positive” with respect to the expression of a marker gene, and the expression level of the marker gene after contact with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor is not in contact with the inhibitor. It can mean that the expression level of the marker gene in cultured ectodermal cells is 1.0 times or more.
- the highly proliferative cells are “negative” with respect to the expression of the marker gene, the expression level of the marker gene after contact with the inhibitor is cultured without contact with the inhibitor. It can mean less than 1.0 times the expression level of the marker gene in ectodermal cells.
- the culture conditions for the highly proliferative cells and the ectodermal cells not in contact with the inhibitor to be provided to the method for confirming the expression level can be the same except that they are in contact or not in contact with the inhibitor.
- Appropriate adjustment should be made so that the target cells are in the same or extremely the same state, such as the same culture period, the same cell passage number, and the same cell density, etc., based on the cell state, proliferation, cell number, etc. can be selected by one of skill in the art based on the state of the cell.
- the expression level of the marker gene after a certain period of culture period or longer in contact with the low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor is expressed as the expression level relative to the control gene.
- control genes for example, beta-actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) can be used.
- the hyperproliferative cells express at least one gene characteristic of mature cells to the same or greater extent than the source ectodermal cells, and are sourced from at least one gene characteristic of progenitor cells. It can be expressed as much or more than ectodermal cells.
- progenitor cell refers to a cell at a stage of differentiation up to a mature cell, which is a cell that develops from a stem cell and can differentiate into a terminally differentiated cell that constitutes the body. means.
- Genes peculiar to mature cells include, for example, GFAP, S100B and SLC1A2.
- Genes specific to progenitor cells, such as genes relatively highly expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells include, for example, NG2, Notch1, Nestin and SOX2.
- the hyperproliferative cells may be cells characterized by any marker gene expression pattern as long as they are cells having high proliferation potential as described above, in other words, a cell population containing cells with any characteristics.
- Hyperproliferative cells can include cells negative for at least one selected from the group consisting of Musashi1 (MSI1), Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2.
- hyperproliferative cells can include GFAP-positive cells.
- the hyperproliferative cells can include cells that are GFAP-positive and NG2-positive, or that express GFAP at levels equal to or greater than the source ectodermal cells, and , NG2 can be expressed as much as or more than the source ectodermal cells.
- the hyperproliferative cells can comprise cells that are positive for GFAP and S100B and positive for NG2, or contain GFAP and S100B equal to or greater than the source ectodermal cells. and can express NG2 to the same level or higher than the ectodermal cells from which it is sourced.
- the hyperproliferative cells express at least one gene specific to mature cells to the same level as or more than the source ectodermal cells, and at least one gene specific to progenitor cells. It can include cells that express as much as or more than the ectodermal cells to which it is derived.
- the hyperproliferative cells can include NG2-positive cells, or cells that express NG2 at a higher level than the expression level of NG2 in small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor-uncontacted ectodermal cells.
- the highly proliferative cells may have a higher NG2 expression level than the NG2 expression level in the ectodermal cells uncontacted with the small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor.
- hyperproliferative cells can include cells that are positive for S100B and positive for NG2, or that express S100B as much as or more than the source ectodermal cells and source NG2. can be expressed as much as or more than other ectodermal cells.
- the above-mentioned cells included in the hyperproliferative cells are negative for at least one selected from the group consisting of Musashi1 (MSI1), Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2. That is, the cells containing the hyperproliferative cells, after contact with the inhibitor, the expression level of at least one marker gene selected from the group consisting of Musashi1, Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2 is low-molecular-weight signaling It can be less than 1.0 times the expression level of the marker gene in ectodermal cells cultured without contact with the pathway inhibitor.
- the hyperproliferative cells comprise two or more, three or more selected from the group consisting of Musashi1, Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2, or all of which are negative.
- the expression level of cells negative for at least one selected from the group consisting of Musashi1, Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2 can be expressed as the expression level relative to the control gene.
- "negative” is less than 1.0 times the expression level of the control gene when beta-actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are used as control genes, for example. .
- the cell population of hyperproliferative cells includes both mature cells and progenitor cells, regardless of differentiation stage, as long as they are highly proliferative cells with high proliferative potential, particularly hyperproliferative ectodermal cells. It may be a heterogeneous cell population, or a cell population in which a large number of ectodermal cells of a plurality of types with relatively similar differentiation stages occupy the majority.
- the cell population of highly proliferative cells obtained by the present production method is a population containing highly proliferative ectodermal progenitor cells as main constituents, or a population containing highly proliferative ectodermal progenitor cells and highly proliferative It may be a population containing both mature ectodermal cells.
- the “major component” in a cell population means cells that occupy at least 50% of the cell population on a cell number basis.
- very large majority means that the number of target cells in the cell population is 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, 99% or more, or It means 99.5% or more.
- the percentage of mature ectodermal cells in the resulting cell population of hyperproliferative cells is less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, or less than 5% on a cell number basis. It's okay. Accordingly, the present disclosure also encompasses a method of enriching ectodermal cells with enhanced cell proliferation comprising contacting source ectodermal cells with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor. Contacting the source ectodermal cells with small molecule signaling pathway inhibitors can be done in vitro.
- the cell population of highly proliferative cells may contain cells of the ectodermal cell lineage related to astrocytes.
- Cells of the ectodermal cell lineage related to astrocytes include, for example, astrocytes, radial glial cells, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (also called polydendrocytes), oligodendrocytes and neuroepithelial cells.
- the cell population of the astrocyte-related ectodermal cell lineage possesses some of the characteristics found in ectodermal cells, as long as it is a cell population that exhibits enhanced cell proliferation, and Cells that cannot be classified as any of the cells identified above may also be included.
- the highly proliferative cells may be the highly proliferative cells obtained by the production method described above, or may be the highly proliferative cells obtained by other production methods.
- a hyperproliferative cell has characteristics of an ectodermal cell, wherein the number of cells after a culture period of greater than 28 days in contact with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor is They are hyperproliferative cells that have a proliferative capacity greater than 1.0 times the number of ectodermal cells cultured for the same culture period under the same culture conditions but without contact with inhibitors.
- a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor by contacting the ectodermal cell with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor, the cell proliferation ability is enhanced without gene introduction or genetic modification into the ectodermal cell cells can be obtained.
- the inhibitor contact group can be cultured for a longer period of time, and the number of cells obtained in the inhibitor contact group is greater than that of the inhibitor contact group.
- the number of cells is large compared to the number of cells in the non-contact group.
- a cell group (inhibitor contact group) obtained by culturing human primary mature astrocytes in contact with a combination of a TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitor and a ROCK inhibitor, and human primary mature astrocytes Inhibitor contact group can be cultured for a longer period of time than the cell group obtained by culturing without contact with the combination of (inhibitor non-contact group). That is, in the inhibitor contact group, cell growth continues for a longer period of time than in the inhibitor non-contact group.
- the number of cells in the inhibitor contact group is, for example, 2 times or more, 5 times or more, 10 times or more, 50 times the number of cells in the inhibitor non-contact group. 100 times or more, 200 times or more, or 400 times.
- the obtained highly proliferative cells have enhanced cell proliferation ability, so a large number of cells can be obtained by long-term culture. Since hyperproliferative cells are capable of producing cellular secretions as described below, longer-term culture yielding a larger number of cells may also increase the amount of cellular secretions that can be collected.
- the items described as the production result of this production method are applied as they are.
- the cells have the characteristics of ectodermal cells, and the number of cells after a culture period of more than 28 days in contact with the inhibitor is the same culture period under the same culture conditions except that they are not in contact with the inhibitor. It is not limited to being the production result of the present production method as long as it has the ability to proliferate more than 1.0 times the number of ectodermal cells cultured over a period of time.
- Hyperproliferative cells of the present disclosure can include cells positive for at least one selected from the group consisting of GFAP, NG2 and S100B, as described above.
- Hyperproliferative cells can include, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of cells (I) to (VII) below: (I) GFAP-positive cells, e.g., cells that express GFAP at levels equal to or greater than the ectodermal cells from which they are derived; (II) NG2-positive cells, e.g., cells that express NG2 at levels equal to or greater than the ectodermal cells from which they are derived; (III) S100B-positive cells, e.g., cells that express S100B at levels equal to or higher than the source ectodermal cells; (IV) GFAP-positive and NG2-positive cells, for example, expressing GFAP at the same level or higher than the ectodermal cells from which NG2 is used, and at the same level
- hyperproliferative cells of the present disclosure can also include cells that are positive for SLC1A2. Specifically, hyperproliferative cells can also include cells that are positive for at least one of the above genes and positive for SLC1A2.
- the expression level of the GFAP gene after contact with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor is cultured without contact with the inhibitor It is 1.0 times or more and less than 4.0 times the expression level of the GFAP gene in the ectodermal cells.
- the hyperproliferative cells of the present disclosure are positive for at least one selected from the group consisting of GFAP, NG2, and S100B, and negative for at least one selected from Musashi1, Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2.
- the cells (I) to (VII) above are negative for at least one selected from Musashi1, Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2.
- FACS Fluorescence-activated A cell sorting
- Ectodermal progenitor cells and method for producing the same exhibit characteristics of a differentiation stage that is immature compared to the ectodermal cells that serve as starting materials. It may contain cells.
- Such immature-stage ectodermal cells i.e., ectodermal progenitor cells, are control ectodermal cells cultured under the same culture conditions as those of the cells, except that a medium containing no inhibitor is used. It has a higher cell proliferation activity than , and can have the property of proliferating in a shorter time, the property of proliferating over a longer period of time, or the property of satisfying both.
- hyperproliferative progenitor cells Ectodermal progenitor cells exhibiting this hyperproliferative property are sometimes referred to herein as hyperproliferative progenitor cells.
- hyperproliferative cells may include hyperproliferative progenitor cells. This allows the immature stage of ectodermal cells to grow for a longer period of time, e.g., the cell secretions produced by the ectodermal progenitor cells can be produced in a shorter period of time compared to control ectodermal cells. It has the advantage of being able to be obtained in large quantities.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of producing ectodermal progenitor cells, wherein the ectodermal progenitor cells are hyperproliferative cells, the method comprising: (i) preparing ectodermal cells as a raw material; (ii) contacting the source ectodermal cells with a small molecule signaling pathway inhibitor in a medium containing the inhibitor for a period of more than 28 days; and (iii) After the contact, additional culturing is performed in a medium containing the inhibitor to obtain a culture containing highly proliferative cells with enhanced cell proliferation ability compared to the raw material ectodermal cells.
- the method of producing ectodermal progenitor cells of the present disclosure may further comprise isolating said hyperproliferative cells from said culture.
- the raw material ectodermal cells and the low-molecular-weight signaling pathway inhibitor include, for example, the raw materials described in relation to the method for producing highly proliferative cells of the present disclosure.
- Ectodermal cells and small molecule signaling pathway inhibitors, respectively, can be used.
- the highly proliferative cells obtained by the production method according to the present disclosure when the raw ectodermal cells, which are the starting materials, contain astrocytes that have reached the terminal differentiation stage, the highly proliferative cells obtained include: Cells that exhibit characteristics of a less mature differentiation stage than astrocytes may also be included.
- Such immature stage ectodermal cells may further have the following properties (a) or (b): (a) the expression levels of the combination of GFAP and S100B, the combination of GFAP and SLC1A2, the combination of S100B and SLC1A2, the combination of GFAP and NG2, the combination of NG2 and SLC1A2, or the combination of NG2 and S100B compared to astrocytes; It has increased.
- Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to ectodermal progenitor cells according to the present disclosure and uses thereof.
- the ectodermal progenitor cells obtained by the above production method can be used, for example, in methods for evaluating therapeutic agents for neurological disorders.
- the usefulness of the candidate neuropathy therapeutic agent can be evaluated by contacting the candidate neuropathy therapeutic agent with the ectodermal progenitor cells.
- the present disclosure also relates to a method of evaluating a neurological disorder therapeutic agent, comprising contacting a candidate neurological disorder therapeutic agent with the ectodermal progenitor cells.
- it also relates to a method of evaluating a neurological disease model, including using the aforementioned ectodermal progenitor cells.
- the present disclosure further includes subjecting ectodermal progenitor cells obtained by the production method according to the present disclosure to maturation conditions to induce differentiation of ectodermal progenitor cells to obtain mature ectodermal progenitor cells, It also relates to a method for producing mature ectodermal cells.
- differentiation conditions means culture conditions using known differentiation-inducing factors.
- Differentiation-inducing factors include, for example, fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-2); leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) ); Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family cytokines such as BMP2 or BMP4, Notch family proteins; Wnt gene family proteins; Sonic hedgehog proteins;
- Factors necessary for proliferation or maintenance of mature cells include, for example, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can be mentioned.
- NGF nerve growth factor
- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- NT-3 Neurotrophin-3
- NT-4/5 Neurotrophin-4/5
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- differentiation-inducing conditions As culture conditions using a differentiation-inducing factor, known differentiation-inducing conditions applied in a differentiation-inducing method using a differentiation-inducing factor can be applied, and the differentiation-inducing conditions can be appropriately selected depending on the type of differentiation-inducing factor to be used. .
- ⁇ 3> Use of Inhibitor The inhibitor used in the production method described above can be used to maintain or promote the proliferation ability of ectodermal cells.
- an ectodermal cell proliferation regulator comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of small molecule signaling pathway inhibitors, such as TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitors and ROCK inhibitors Regarding.
- the present disclosure also relates to growth regulators used to maintain or promote the growth potential of hyperproliferative cells or ectodermal cells obtained by the aforementioned production methods.
- proliferative regulation as used herein can mean achieving at least one of cell growth maintenance and growth promotion.
- the terms “maintaining growth” and “promoting growth” are indistinguishable so long as the cells maintain or increase in cell number over the culture period.
- concentration of the proliferation-regulating agent used for regulating cell proliferation the concentration described with respect to the concentration used in the above-described production method can be applied as it is.
- the present disclosure provides a method for culturing hyperproliferative cells or ectodermal cells obtained by the aforementioned manufacturing method, wherein the small molecule signaling pathway inhibitors, e.g., from the group consisting of TGF ⁇ receptor inhibitors and ROCK inhibitors
- a culture method comprising subculturing said cell population or said cells in the presence of at least one selected inhibitor.
- the "culturing method” includes a method for regulating proliferation of hyperproliferative cells or ectodermal cells.
- the use concentration of the inhibitor when used in the main culture method the concentration described with respect to the use concentration in the production method described above can be applied as it is.
- ⁇ 4> Cellular secretions and methods for producing the same
- Yet another aspect of the present disclosure is to obtain a culture containing cellular secretions secreted from the hyperproliferative cells according to the present disclosure, and A method for producing a cell secretion comprising isolating from said culture.
- This production method may further include any step as necessary.
- the hyperproliferative cells according to the present disclosure are hyperproliferative cells with enhanced cell proliferation ability, they are cultured under the same culture conditions as the hyperproliferative cells except for using a medium that does not contain an inhibitor. Proliferate for a shorter period of time, proliferate for a longer period of time, or proliferate for a shorter period of time and proliferate for a longer period of time as compared to the control cells. Therefore, in the present method for producing cell secretions, a large amount of cell secretions secreted by highly proliferative cells can be obtained in a shorter period of time compared to control cells.
- Cellular secretions also referred to as "secretome" are not particularly limited as long as they are substances secreted from cells, for example, exosomes, microvesicles, extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic vesicles; cytokines, hormones, antibodies and the like Examples include functional proteins.
- the cellular secretions may be extracellular vesicles, among others, exosomes.
- the culture prepared in the method for producing cell secretions according to the present disclosure contains cell secretions secreted from highly proliferative cells obtained by any of the above embodiments.
- the culture containing cell secretions may be produced by carrying out the method for producing highly proliferative cells according to the present disclosure, and may be obtained by obtaining and culturing the highly proliferative cells according to the present disclosure.
- the culture obtained by performing the production method according to the present disclosure may be obtained separately, and the culture of the hyperproliferative cells according to the present disclosure may be obtained separately. can be anything.
- the term "culture” means a combination of cultured cells and culture supernatant (conditioned medium) obtained by culturing cells.
- a method for producing a cell secretion according to the present disclosure includes separating the cell secretion from the culture.
- Known separation methods such as removal of the supernatant and centrifugation can be used to separate the cell secretions from the culture.
- Cell secretions separated from the culture may be obtained in the form of compositions containing cell secretions.
- the cell secretion is a composition containing cell secretions, ie, a cell secretion-containing composition
- the cell secretion-containing composition can comprise cell secretions and an aqueous medium.
- the aqueous medium is not particularly limited as long as it is a known aqueous medium selected according to the type of cell secretion. ), saline and media.
- the method for producing cell secretions can further comprise purifying or isolating the separated cell secretions.
- purifying or isolating cell secretions known methods can be applied without particular limitation depending on the type of cell secretions.
- Methods for isolating or purifying cell secretions include, for example, filtration and concentration.
- filtration can be performed using membranes having size or molecular weight cut-off values to isolate or purify cellular secretions.
- cell secretions may be filtered or concentrated using, for example, tangential flow filtration or ultrafiltration.
- Cell secretions can be used in the form of compositions containing cell secretions or in the form of isolated cell secretions obtained after isolation or purification.
- the cell secretions can be stored, refrigerated or frozen either in the form of compositions or isolated cell secretions, or by subjecting them to known processes such as spray-drying, freeze-drying processes and the like.
- Cellular secretions according to the present disclosure are specifically cell secretions comprising proteins and/or miRNAs, wherein the proteins are selected from those shown in Figures 4A and 4B, and the miRNAs are selected from those shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the description in parentheses following each protein name means the accession number in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (https://www.uniprot.org/). 5 to 10, the description in parentheses following each miRNA name means the accession number in miRBase (Release 21) (https://www.mirbase.org/).
- the cell secretion may contain at least one selected from these proteins or at least one selected from these miRNAs, and at least one selected from these proteins and selected from these miRNAs and at least one.
- Group PA may include at least a combination of vinculin (P18206), integrin ⁇ -1, CD29 (P05556), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (P14618), and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (P29317) , Group PB: vinculin (P18206), integrin beta-1, CD29 (P05556), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (P14618), and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (P29317) in combination with aminopeptidase N (P15144) , annexin A2 (P07355), annexin A6 (P08133), myoferrin (Q9NZM1), and 5'-nucleotidase, CD73 (P21589).
- Group PC vinculin (P18206), integrin beta-1, CD29 (P05556), pyruvate kinase M1/2 (P14618), and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (P29317) in combination with aminopeptidase N (P15144) , annexin A2 (P07355), annexin A6 (P08133), myoferrin (Q9NZM1), and a 5'-nucleotidase, CD73 (P21589), combined with moesin (P26038), integrin alpha-2, CD49b (P17301), integrin alpha -3, the group consisting of CD49c (P26006), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (P09543), F actin capping protein beta subunit (P79136), neuropilin 1 (O14786) and tenascin C (P24821) and at least one selected from, or • PD group
- the cell secretion, as miRNA, - RA group: hsa-miR-382-5p (MIMAT0000737), hsa-miR-155-5p (MIMAT0000646), hsa-miR-379-5p (MIMAT0000733), hsa-miR-16-5p (MIMAT0000069), hsa- miR-382-5p (MIMAT0000737), hsa-miR-16-5p (MIMAT0000069), hsa-miR-382-5p (MIMAT0000737), hsa-miR-21-5p (MIMAT0000076), hsa-let-7a-5p ( MIMAT0000062), hsa-miR-16-5p (MIMAT0000069), hsa-miR-409-3p (MIMAT0001639), hsa-let-7a-5p (MIMAT0000062), and hsa-let-7f-5p (MIMAT0000067) may include
- the cell secretion contains, as proteins, the above-described PA group, PB group, PC group, or PD group protein group, and as miRNAs, the above-described RA group, RB group, RC group, or RD group miRNA.
- a group may be included.
- the cell secretion according to one embodiment can be used as a pharmaceutical composition with known actions attributed to these proteins and miRNAs.
- extracellular vesicles are vesicles comprising a lipid bilayer.
- Extracellular vesicles have a diameter of, for example, 50 nm to 5 ⁇ m, or 50 nm to 1000 nm.
- Exosomes which are one of the extracellular vesicles, have a diameter of, for example, 50 nm to 200 nm. Since exosomes contain various physiologically active substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, they are expected to be used for treatment and diagnosis of diseases, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the like.
- Exosomes are secreted from adherent cells into the culture, especially into the culture supernatant. Also, exosomes are secreted from non-adherent cells into the culture supernatant or into the cell suspension if non-adherent cells are present in the cell suspension. Exosomes derived from adherent cells or non-adherent cells are not particularly limited as long as they are obtained from ectodermal adherent cells or ectodermal non-adherent cells. Examples include exosomes described in Journal of Controlled Release vol. 323, pp. 225-239 (2020).
- Exosomes can be isolated based on molecular weight, size, shape, composition or biological activity. Specifically, fractionation of sediment by ultracentrifugation, fractionation by density gradient ultracentrifugation, fractionation using size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography (e.g., CIMmultus TM EV (manufactured by BIA separations ), fractionation by capture using proteins (e.g., MagCapture TM exosome isolation kit PS (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)), fractionation by capture using antibodies, polyethylene glycol etc. It can be isolated by fractionating a precipitate using a polymer, etc. These methods can be carried out singly or in combination.
- exosomes can be used to track the activity of exosomes in the production process of exosomes as cell secretions.
- exosome activity can be confirmed using static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, UV-visible detectors, fluorescence detectors or differential refractive index detectors.
- the culture medium containing the obtained highly proliferative cells can usually be replaced with a recovery medium for additional culture.
- the recovery medium is specifically a culture supernatant recovery medium.
- Additional culturing means short-time culturing in a recovery medium after culturing in a culture medium.
- the period of additional culture can be, for example, 6 hours or more, 12 hours or more, 18 hours or more, 24 hours or more, 36 hours or more, 48 hours or more, or 60 hours or more, for example, 96 hours or less, or 72 hours.
- the contamination rate of exosomes that are exosomes derived from a different origin from the highly proliferative cells and can be contained in the culture medium is reduced, and the purity of exosomes derived from the desired highly proliferative cells can be raised.
- recovery media examples include serum-free media and exosome-removed media.
- examples of commercially available exosome-depleted media include FBS exosome-depleted, OneShot format (Gibco (registered trademark), Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- Exosomes can be obtained by subjecting to the isolation or purification method of.
- ⁇ 5> Uses of highly proliferative cells and cell secretions
- Cell secretions isolated from hyperproliferative cells according to one embodiment, for example, exosomes isolated or purified as described above, for various cell types It is expected to have various actions such as neurite outgrowth inhibitory action, neurite elongation action, neurite network formation action, neuronal cell death preventive action and neuronal proliferation promoting action. Based on these functions, it is expected to be useful as a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of disorders related to peripheral nerve cells or central nerve cells.
- the neurite outgrowth inhibitory action of cell secretions isolated from hyperproliferative cells can inhibit the differentiation of less undifferentiated cells into peripheral neurons, especially sympathetic neurons. can.
- peripheral nervous system especially the sympathetic nervous system
- the cell secretions according to the present disclosure on peripheral nerve cells.
- cell secretions isolated from highly proliferative cells for central nerve cells their neurite extension action, neurite network formation action, nerve cell death prevention action, and nerve cell growth promotion action, etc. Based on this, it can be expected to activate the central nervous system.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of cellular secretions separated from hyperproliferative cells and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and treatment comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition to a subject
- prophylactic methods are also encompassed within the scope of this disclosure.
- treatment includes not only cure of the disorder but also amelioration of symptoms of the disorder, such as alleviation and remission.
- Disorders to be treated or prevented may be disorders related to peripheral nerve cells or central nerve cells, for example, the group consisting of cancer, pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia and dementia. more selected.
- Disorders associated with peripheral nerve cells, particularly sympathetic nerve cells include, for example, cancer and pain associated with sympathetic nerve cells.
- Disorders involving central nervous cells are selected from the group consisting of, for example, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia and dementia.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is not particularly limited, and those known in the art are used, such as physiological saline. Furthermore, in relation to the above action, a method of suppressing the sympathetic nervous system, including contacting cell secretions secreted from hyperproliferative cells, specifically exosomes, with nerve cells, for example, sympathetic nerve cells, neurites elongation suppression method, etc. are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- a numerical range indicated using “to” indicates a range that includes the numerical values before and after “to” as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper limit or lower limit of the numerical range in one step can be arbitrarily combined with the upper limit or lower limit of the numerical range in another step.
- Example 1 Long-Term Culture of Human Astrocytes Using Inhibitor-Added Medium Long-term culture of human astrocytes was performed using the following materials, reagents, and culture products.
- NHA-Y group Inhibitor Y only added group
- NHA-A group inhibitor A only added group
- NHA-YA group inhibitor A added group
- NHA-YA group no Divided into 4 groups of addition group
- Normal group suspended again in culture medium, 4.2 ⁇ 10 to 6 well plate (multi dish for cell culture 6 well (140675, Thermo Fisher Scientific, hereinafter omitted))
- the cells were seeded at a seeding density of 3 cells/cm 2.
- the medium was changed to culture medium with (or without) each inhibitor for each group as described in Table 2 (concentrations of each inhibitor were determined as described above). ), and the culture was continued.During the culture period, the cells were observed and photographed under a microscope.
- the medium was changed every 1 or 2 days with fresh culture medium containing (or not containing) the inhibitor.
- the cells reached 80-90% confluence, the cells were detached using a cell detachment agent, suspended in a culture medium containing (or not containing) each inhibitor, and transferred to a 6-well plate at 4.2 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm. A seeding density of 2 was passaged.
- the cells were cultured in culture media containing (or not containing) each inhibitor for 41 days with alternate passages.
- FIG. 1 shows the cell morphology (magnified 100 times) on day 41 after the start of culture.
- P indicates the number of passages, for example, "Y-P5" means a cell group cultured using a medium containing inhibitor Y, which is passage 5 cells. do.
- Example 2 Collection and confirmation of exosomes in culture supernatant ⁇ Collection of culture supernatant of human astrocyte cells> Culture supernatants obtained by culturing human astrocyte cells using a YA-containing culture medium or an inhibitor-free medium were collected according to the following procedure.
- Example 1 Collection of culture supernatant in culture of human astrocyte cells in YA-containing culture medium Similar to Example 1, human astrocyte cells that had been frozen were thawed, washed once with medium, and then the cells were lysed. It was resuspended in culture medium and seeded in a 60 mm cell culture dish at a seeding density of 3.5 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 . The next day, the medium was replaced with a YA-containing culture medium, and the culture was continued. When the cells reached 80-90% confluence, the cells were detached using a cell detachment agent, suspended in a YA-containing culture medium, and transferred to a 100 mm cell culture dish at a seeding density of 3.5 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 . replaced. As in Example 1, the cell group cultured in the YA-containing culture medium is referred to as the NHA-YA group.
- the NHA - YA group was subcultured 5 times and cultured in a YA-containing culture medium for a total of 60 days. sown with The number of cells seeded at this time was 1.16 ⁇ 10 6 cells per dish, and since 6 dishes were used, the total number of seeded cells was 6.96 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
- the medium was changed from the YA-containing culture medium to the recovery medium at a volume of 20 ml/150 mm dish, and additional culture was started.
- As the recovery medium a medium obtained by removing only FBS from the YA-containing culture medium was used.
- the culture supernatant of the additional culture was collected from the dish, transferred to a tube, centrifuged at 2,000 xg for 10 minutes at 4°C, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system, Stored at 4°C. Cells remaining on the dish after collection of the culture supernatant were peeled off using a cell detachment agent, and the number of cells was counted. , the survival rate relative to the total number of disseminated cells was 73.3%.
- Example 2 Collection of culture supernatant in human astrocyte cell culture in inhibitor-free culture medium (control) Frozen human astrocyte cells were thawed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the culture medium was collected once. After washing with , the cells were resuspended in culture medium and seeded in a 60 mm cell culture dish at a seeding density of 3.5 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 . As in Example 1, the cell group cultured in the culture medium containing no inhibitor is referred to as the Normal group.
- the Normal group was subcultured twice, cultured in a culture medium containing no inhibitor for a total of 26 days, and seeded in a 150 mm cell culture dish at a seeding density of 8 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 . At this time, the number of seeded cells was 1.16 ⁇ 10 6 cells per dish, and since two dishes were used, the total number of seeded cells was 2.32 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
- the culture medium was replaced with a recovery medium containing DMEM with N-2 supplement at a volume of 20 ml/150 mm dish to initiate additional culture.
- the culture supernatant of the additional culture was collected from the dish, transferred to a tube, centrifuged at 2,000 xg for 10 minutes at 4°C, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system, Stored at 4°C. Cells remaining on the dish after collection of the culture supernatant were peeled off using a cell detachment agent, and the number of cells was counted. The survival rate relative to the total number of cells was 35.6%.
- the supernatant was centrifuged at 2000 xg for 10 minutes at 4°C, then filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system and stored at 4°C.
- Fig. 2 shows cell morphology before and after replacement with the recovery medium.
- ⁇ Measurement of cell number, particle number and particle size distribution in culture supernatant The culture supernatant of each additional culture of the Normal group and NHA-YA group collected above was diluted 5-fold with cell buffer (filtered with a 0.22 ⁇ m filter before use), and then added to NanoSight LM10 (Malvern Panalytical) was used to confirm the number of particles and the particle size distribution. As a blank, the number of particles in the cell buffer was also measured, and the number of particles in the culture supernatant was calculated by subtracting the number of particles in the cell buffer from each culture supernatant measurement. The number of particles and the confirmation of the particle size distribution were each performed twice.
- Table 3 shows an example of the particle number and particle size of the particles contained in the collected culture supernatant of the additional culture, and the particle size distribution is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the number of particles (10 6 /mL) is shown on the vertical axis
- the particle size (nm) is shown on the horizontal axis.
- Example 3-1 Confirmation of ectodermal cell markers by quantitative PCR (1) Regarding the astrocyte cell group used as the starting material for the culture of Example 1 and the obtained ectodermal cell group, the expression levels of the following ectodermal cell marker genes were examined. A detection primer was prepared based on the sequence registered with the accession number of RefSeq, which is the database of NCBI described below.
- ⁇ Notch1 including vX1 (NM_017617) ⁇ Nestin (NM_006617) ⁇ SOX2 (SRY-box transcription factor 2) (NM_003106) ⁇ S100B (S100 calcium binding protein B) (NM_006272) ⁇ NG2 (Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycon 4) (NM_001897) ⁇ GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) (v1.v4, vX1, vX3) (NM_002055)
- NHA Normal Human Astrocytes
- ⁇ NHA-YA Purchased primary cells were awakened, proliferated, frozen, reawakened, cultured in a medium containing YA for 28 days, and then frozen. cultured for days. It was passaged once during the 14-day culture period.
- ⁇ Quantitative PCR> The prepared detection primers are shown in Table 4 below. Using these primers, expression of ectodermal cell marker genes was examined by quantitative PCR. Preparation of RNA samples and setting of reaction conditions followed the protocol attached to the product.
- Quantitative PCR confirmed the expression of Notch1, Nestin, and SOX2 markers for neuroepithelial cells, Nestin markers for radial glial cells, and GFAP and S100B, which are astrocyte markers, and oligodendrocytes.
- Tables 5 and 6 show the results of confirming the expression of NG2, which is a marker for site precursor cells, respectively.
- Tables 5 and 6 the expression level of each marker gene in NHA-YA (expression level relative to the control gene) is shown as a relative value when each expression level in NHA is set to "1".
- Table 5 shows the expression level of each marker when using the ACTB gene as the control gene
- Table 6 shows the expression level of each marker when using the GAPDH gene as the control gene.
- the astrocyte markers GFAP and S100B and oligodendrocytes were found to be higher than the astrocyte (NHA) used as a raw material. Higher expression was observed for both NG2, a marker for cytoprogenitor cells.
- the obtained cell population (NHA-YA) combines the characteristics of astrocytes, which are mature cells, and the characteristics of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, which are progenitor cells, and has higher proliferative potential than astrocytes. turned out to be cells.
- the NHA-YA can proliferate more in a short period of time than astrocytes. Also, to obtain more exosomes in a short time, it can be seen that using NHA-YA is advantageous.
- Example 3-2 Confirmation of ectodermal cell markers by quantitative PCR (2) Regarding the astrocyte cell population used as the starting material for the culture of Example 1 and the obtained ectodermal cell population, the expression levels of the following ectodermal cell marker genes were determined in the same manner as in Example 3-1. Measured by quantitative PCR. A detection primer for each marker gene was prepared based on a sequence registered with an accession number of RefSeq, which is a database of NCBI described below.
- SLC1A2 (solute carrier family 1 member 2) (including v1, v2, v3, vX1 to vX7) (NM_004171)
- SLC1A3 (solute carrier family 1 member 3) (v1-v5, vX1, vX2, vX3) (NM_004172)
- OLIG2 oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2
- PAX6 paired box 6
- ALD1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1
- NM_001270364 ⁇ Musashi1 (musashi RNA binding protein 1; MSI1) (v1, vX1 to vX10) (NM_002442)
- the prepared detection primers are shown in Table 7 below. Using these primers, expression of ectodermal cell marker genes was examined by quantitative PCR. Preparation of RNA samples and setting of reaction conditions followed the protocol attached to the product. As a measurement instrument for quantitative PCR, for Musashi1, SimpliAmp Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems) or CFX96 Touch Real-time PCR Detection system (Bio-Rad) is used. The same measuring equipment as used in 3-1 was used.
- Tables 8 and 9 The results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.
- the expression level of each marker gene in NHA-YA expression level relative to the control gene
- Table 8 shows the expression level of each marker when using the ACTB gene as the control gene
- Table 9 shows the expression level of each marker when using the GAPDH gene as the control gene.
- Example 4 Proteome analysis of NHA-YA-derived exosomes ⁇ Collection of exosomes derived from NHA-YA>
- the frozen tube storing the cell culture medium containing NHA was thawed in a water bath at 37°C. Then, the lysed cells were transferred to a total of 10 mL of YA-containing culture medium, subjected to centrifugation at 180 ⁇ g for 3 minutes at 25° C., and then the medium was removed.
- the resulting NHA was suspended in YA-containing culture medium and passaged to a 6-well plate at a seeding density of 4.2 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 .
- the cells were cultured in a YA-containing culture medium for 11 days with two passages.
- the medium was changed from the YA-containing culture medium to the recovery medium at a volume of 20 mL/150 mm dish, and additional culture was performed at 37° C. for 72 hours.
- a recovery medium a medium containing exosome-depleted FBS [3% (v/v)] was used instead of FBS in the YA-containing culture medium.
- Additional culture was performed at a seeding density of 1.16 ⁇ 10 5 cells/150 mm dish.
- the culture supernatant of the additional culture was collected from the dish, transferred to a tube, centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4°C, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system, and the exosome-containing solution was exosome-containing solution. prepared.
- Exosome proteome analysis 1> The exosome-containing solution obtained above was subjected to precipitation treatment with trichloroacetic acid, then a 5 mM dithiosteitol Tris buffer solution was added, and reduction treatment was performed at 35° C. for 2 hours. A solution of 14 mM iodoacetamide in Tris buffer was added to the sample after reduction, and reaction was carried out at 25° C. for 30 minutes under light-shielding conditions. Then, trypsinization was performed at 37° C. for 20 hours to degrade the exosomes. The resulting exosome degradation product was subjected to solvent replacement with a cation exchange column, desalted and concentrated, and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis.
- EASY-nLC 1200 System (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) was used as the HPLC apparatus, and EASY-Spray column, 15 cm ⁇ 75 ⁇ m ID, 3 ⁇ m particles, 100 ⁇ pore size (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used as the column. bottom.
- MASCOT server https://www.matrixscience.com/help.html
- Step of selecting proteins characteristic of the cerebrum (a1) The 520 proteins extracted above were searched by Tissue Enrich (https://tissueenrich.gdcb.iastate.edu). Here, the Human Protein Atlas dataset and all tissue-specific genes were searched; (a2) 22 genes specific to the cerebrum were selected; (a3) Among the 22 genes selected in (a2) above, 12 genes that were not detected in the medium sample were selected; (a4) Among the 12 genes selected in (a3) above, select 8 genes that are highly likely to be human proteins; (a5) Among the 8 genes selected in (a4) above, 5 genes highly associated with diseases were selected. Proteins encoded by the five genes selected in steps (a1) to (a5) above are shown in FIG.
- b Step of selecting proteins characteristic of membrane proteins, extracellular regions, etc.
- Characteristic proteins were selected in a selection step c different from the selection steps a and b.
- Characteristic protein selection step (c1) 103 exosome fractions with a Quantitative Value of 20 or more were selected from a total of 1562 sequences combining SwissProt_Homo sapiens and UniProtKB_Bos taurus; (c2) Among the 103 sequences selected in (c1) above, 65 Quantitative Values of 10 or less in the medium sample were selected; (c3) For the 65 sequences selected in step (c2) above, those related to central nervous system diseases or brain, nerve Twenty cells presumed to be involved in cell proliferation, development, differentiation, morphogenesis, migration, metabolism, etc. were selected. Of the 20 selected, 14 overlap with the proteins selected in steps (b1) to (b4) above. Twenty proteins selected by the above steps (c1) to (c3) are shown in FIG.
- a total of 46 proteins could be selected by the above selection steps a to c (see Fig. 4).
- Example 5 miRNA analysis of exosomes derived from NHA-YA ⁇ Collection of exosomes derived from NHA-YA>
- the frozen tube storing the cell culture medium containing NHA was thawed in a water bath at 37°C. Then, the lysed cells were transferred to a total of 10 mL of YA-containing culture medium, subjected to centrifugation at 180 ⁇ g for 3 minutes at 25° C., and then the medium was removed.
- the resulting NHA was suspended in YA-containing culture medium and passaged to a 6-well plate at a seeding density of 4.2 ⁇ 10 3 cells/cm 2 .
- the cells were cultured in a YA-containing culture medium for 47 days with 4 passages.
- the medium was changed from the YA-containing culture medium to the recovery medium at a volume of 20 mL/150 mm dish, and additional culture was performed at 37° C. for 48 hours.
- the recovery medium used in Example 4 was used as the recovery medium.
- Additional culture was performed at a seeding density of 1.16 ⁇ 10 6 cells/150 mm dish.
- the culture supernatant of the additional culture was collected from the dish, transferred to a tube, centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 10 minutes at 4°C, filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system, and the exosome-containing solution was exosome-containing solution. prepared.
- RNA extraction from exosomes derived from NHA-YA> 205 mL of the exosome-containing solution obtained above was subjected to centrifugation at 250,000 x g for 70 minutes at 4°C using an ultracentrifuge Optima XE-90 (Beckman Coulter), and then the supernatant was removed. , to obtain the exosome fraction.
- RNA was then extracted from the resulting exosome fraction using the miRNeasy Mini Kit (217004, Qiagen). As a result, 41.8 ng of total RNA was recovered from 230 ⁇ L of the exosome fraction.
- RNA analysis> The quality of the RNA obtained above was checked by Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer using Agilent RNA 6000 pico kit (Agilent Technologies) and Agilent small RNA kit (Agilent Technologies). After quality check, an RNA library was prepared from the total RNA obtained above using an RNA library preparation kit for directional (Stranded), NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina. mRNA-Seq analysis was performed using the prepared RNA library, and 6538 mRNAs were detected.
- a miRNA library was prepared from the total RNA obtained above. Using the prepared miRNA library, miRNA-Seq analysis was performed and 370 miRNAs were detected.
- the quality check of the sequence library was performed with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer using the High Sensitivity DNA kit (Agilent Technologies).
- NGS was performed using NextSeq500 and Illumina (single-end, 75 bp, average number of reads about 10 million).
- the data after sequencing is subjected to read quality evaluation (FastQC), aligned (mapped) to the reference genome (Human hg38) at GeneGlobe: Data Analysis Center (QIAGEN), and trimmed mean of M values (TMM) Expression levels were normalized, and an Excel format file was created containing annotation information for each miRNA and classification summary of Small RNA composition (analysis tools: StrandNGS v4.0, R v3.6.2; annotation information: miRBase Release 21 compliant) . After that, as data analysis, GO analysis from target gene prediction and Pathway analysis were carried out after extraction of expression-changed genes.
- miRNAs as Parkinson's disease markers With reference to the following literature, 42 miRNAs whose expression is decreased in human brain tissue with Parkinson's disease were selected. By administering exosomes containing the miRNA to the cells of Parkinson's disease patients, the function of the miRNA is exogenously complemented in Parkinson's disease patients, and a therapeutic effect on Parkinson's disease is expected.
- Literature MicroRNAs in Parkinson's disease and emerging therapeutic targets. Neural Regeneration Research, 12(12), pp. 1945-1959 (2017)
- miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers Using IMOTA (https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/), proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology, especially multiple proteins that contribute to the pharmacological action of Alzheimer's disease drugs
- miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers (1) Using IMOTA, 70 miRNAs associated with amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the cerebral cortex were selected. APP is a major component of senile plaques, which are one of the causes of Alzheimer's disease, ie deposits of amyloid ⁇ protein.
- miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers (2) Using IMOTA, 42 miRNAs associated with BACE1 ( ⁇ -site APP cleaving enzyme) in the cerebral cortex were selected. At the onset of Alzheimer's disease, BACE1 cleaves the N-terminal portion of APP to produce abnormal amyloid ⁇ protein.
- miRNAs as Alzheimer's disease markers (3) Using IMOTA (https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/), 66 miRNAs associated with NMDA receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) in the cerebral cortex were selected. .
- NMDA receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- GSK-3 ⁇ Glycogen synthase kinase-3 ⁇
- IMOTA https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/
- 58 miRNAs were selected.
- GSK-3 ⁇ is an enzyme that phosphorylates various proteins, and has various functions in maintaining cell life and regulating physiological functions through regulation of multiple pathways. In Alzheimer's disease, it promotes the deposition of amyloid ⁇ protein in the brain and the accumulation of tau protein in neurons. As a result, it induces neuronal apoptosis.
- Example 6 Neurite outgrowth inhibition test of PC-12 cells with NHA-YA-derived exosomes
- NHA-YA-derived exosomes rat adrenal pheochromocytoma-derived cell line, PC-12 cells (RCB0009, RIKEN Bank ) was tested for inhibition of neurite outgrowth.
- PC-12 cells RB0009, RIKEN Bank
- exosomes derived from NHA cells used in Example 1 were used.
- ⁇ Reagents and culture products The following reagents and culture products were used.
- ⁇ Proliferation medium Composition: basal medium, 10% (w/v) FBS, 10% (w/v) HS, antibiotics, Basal medium: DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate (11995-073; Gibco), FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified, Brazil (10270-106; Gibco); HS: Horse Serum, heat inactivated, New Zealand origin (26050-088; Gibco); Antibiotics: Antibiotic-Antimycotic (100X) (15240-062; Gibco) - Cell detachment agent 1: Accutase (AT104, ICT), - Cell detachment agent 2: TrypLE Express Enzyme (1X), phenol red-free (12604-013, Gibco), Cell buffer: phosphate buffered saline solution (Dulbecco; without calcium and magnesium) (BNDSBN200, KAC), ⁇ Assay medium: Composition: basal medium, additive
- CM Control medium
- NHA AGM P6 obtained by ultracentrifugation of the culture supernatant of NHA at passage 6
- NHA-YA P6 Obtained by ultracentrifugation of the culture supernatant of NHA-YA at passage 6.
- the ultracentrifugation used in the preparation of each evaluation sample of (1) to (3) above was 250,000 using an ultracentrifuge (body: Optima XE-90, rotor: SW41 Ti; BeckmanCoulter). xg for 70 minutes at 4°C.
- the culture supernatant was collected according to the following procedure. A cryotube of human astrocyte cells (NHA) was thawed in a 37° C. water bath. Then, the lysed cells were transferred to a culture medium to a total volume of 10 mL, subjected to centrifugation at 180 xg for 3 minutes at room temperature, and then the medium was removed. Cells were suspended in culture medium and seeded into T-75 culture flasks (Corning) at a seeding density of 1.25 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 . After that, culture was performed at 37° C.
- NHA human astrocyte cells
- NHA-YA group Inhibitor A addition group
- NHA group No addition group
- the medium was changed every 1 day or 2 days, and the medium was replaced with fresh culture medium containing (or not containing) the inhibitor.
- the cells (passage number: 1) were detached using cell detachment agent 1 and suspended in inhibitor-containing culture medium, that is, YA-containing culture medium and inhibitor-free culture medium. and subcultured to a 150 mm cell culture dish at a seeding density of 3.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 .
- the culture was subcultured for 5 days at a seeding density of 3.3-6.6 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 into a 150 mm cell culture dish, and the subculture was repeated for a total of 5 times. It took a total of 31 days.
- the cell group cultured in the YA-containing culture medium is called the NHA-YA group
- the cell group cultured in the inhibitor-free culture medium is called the Normal group.
- the NHA-YA group was seeded at a seeding density of 3.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 and the normal group at a seeding density of 2.3 ⁇ 10 4 cells/cm 2 in five 150 mm cell culture dishes.
- the total number of seeded cells was 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells in the NHA-YA group and 3.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells in the Normal group.
- the cells were cultured for 4 days, and on the 35th day after induction (after contact with the inhibitor), 40 to 60% confluency was confirmed, and the medium was transferred from the culture medium to the medium for collecting the culture supernatant by 20 mL. /150 mm dish volume was exchanged, and additional culture was started. 48 hours after the start of additional culture, the culture supernatant of the additional culture was collected from the dish, and then the collected culture supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter system to remove cell debris, exosome-containing culture supernatant. Obtained. The resulting filtered exosome-containing culture supernatant was stored at 4°C.
- a new medium for collection of culture supernatant was added to the cells remaining in the dish, culture was performed for 48 hours, and a filtered exosome-containing culture supernatant was obtained by the same method. The same operation was performed a total of 3 times, and about 300 mL of filtered exosome-containing culture supernatant was collected. On the 41st day after the induction, the culture supernatant was collected, and the cells remaining on the dish were peeled off using the cell detachment agent 1, and the number of cells was counted.
- Control medium (CM) As a control medium (Control medium (CM)) for evaluating exosome function, 20 mL/150 mm dish of culture supernatant collection medium was added to a 150 mm cell culture dish in which cells were not seeded. The culture supernatant was recovered under the conditions.
- CM Control medium
- the suspension derived from the culture supernatant concentrated by the above method was diluted 100-fold with a phosphate buffered saline solution filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter before use. After that, the number of particles in the diluted solution was measured by ZetaView X20 (Particle Metrix). The total number of particles in the suspension was calculated by multiplying the number of particles obtained by the measurement by the dilution ratio, that is, 100. Culture supernatants were obtained by measuring the number of particles in the assay medium after 100-fold dilution with phosphate-buffered saline solution and subtracting the resulting number of particles in the assay medium from each culture supernatant measurement.
- the number of particles inside was calculated.
- the absorbance at 280 nm was measured by NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific) to measure the protein concentration in the suspension.
- the total protein content in the suspension was calculated by multiplying the protein concentration obtained by the measurement by the liquid volume of the suspension.
- Table 10 shows the measurement results.
- the notation "aE+b" in the "total number of particles" column of Table 10 means a ⁇ 10 b .
- the NHA-YA group contained the largest amount of total protein, and the number of particles was also significantly higher than in the control medium (CM).
- ⁇ Evaluation experiment protocol> The PC-12 cell cryotubes described above were thawed in a 37° C. water bath. Then, the lysed cells were transferred to a growth medium to a total volume of 10 mL, subjected to centrifugation at 180 xg for 5 minutes at room temperature, and then the medium was removed. Cells were then suspended in growth medium and seeded in 100 mm cell culture dishes at a seeding density of approximately 5,300 cells/cm 2 . Culture was performed at 37° C. while exchanging the medium every 2 or 3 days, and the cells were grown while being subcultured.
- the resulting PC-12 cells were detached using cell detachment agent 2, washed with assay medium, and resuspended in assay medium at a density of 3.96 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL.
- the suspended cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a seeding density of 1.98 ⁇ 10 3 cells/50 ⁇ L medium per well, i.e., 6000 cells/cm 2 , and the medium was removed after allowing the cells to attach for approximately 12 hours. It was replaced with each of the evaluation samples described above.
- the cells were cultured at 37° C., and the conditions of the PC-12 cells on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th days from the start of the culture were observed with a microscope (BZ-X710, KEYENCE) to obtain observation images.
- the length and number of cells of the neurite-like processes in the image are measured using the Multi-point tool (number of cells) and Straight tool (extension process length) of the image analysis software Fiji (ImageJ2 ver. 2.3.0). bottom.
- Microsoft-Excel was used for statistical processing.
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Abstract
Description
[1]高増殖性細胞の製造方法であって、
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて培養すること、および、
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む、高増殖性細胞の製造方法;
[2]前記高増殖性細胞は、前記阻害剤と接触させた28日超の培養期間後の細胞数が、該阻害剤と非接触である以外は同一の培養条件で同一の培養期間にわたり培養された外胚葉性細胞の細胞数の1.0倍を超える増殖能を有する、[1]に記載の製造方法;
[3]前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞が、中枢神経系の細胞を含む、[1]または[2]に記載の製造方法;
[4]前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞が、アストロサイトを含む、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法;
[5]前記阻害剤が、TGFβ受容体阻害剤およびROCK阻害剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの化合物を含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法;
[6]前記TGFβ受容体阻害剤の濃度が、0.001μM~100μMの範囲内である、[5]に記載の製造方法;
[7]前記ROCK阻害剤の濃度が、0.001μM~100μMの範囲内である、[5]または[6]に記載の製造方法;
[8]前記高増殖性細胞が、成熟細胞に特有の少なくとも1つの遺伝子を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、前駆細胞に特有の少なくとも1つの遺伝子を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する、[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法;
[9]前記高増殖性細胞が、Musashi1、Notch1、Nestin、およびSOX2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが陰性である、[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法;
[10]外胚葉性細胞の特徴を備え、低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤と接触させた28日超の培養期間後の細胞数が、該阻害剤と非接触である以外は同一の培養条件で同一の培養期間にわたり培養された外胚葉性細胞の細胞数の1.0倍を超える増殖能を有する、高増殖性細胞;
[11]前記高増殖性細胞が、Musashi1、Notch1、Nestin、およびSOX2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが陰性である細胞を含む、[10]に記載の細胞;
[12]NG2の発現量が、前記阻害剤非接触の外胚葉性細胞におけるNG2の発現量よりも高い、[10]または[11]に記載の細胞;
[13][1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法より得られる高増殖性細胞または[10]~[12]のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物を含む培養物を得ること、および、前記細胞分泌物を、前記培養物から分離することを含む、細胞分泌物の製造方法;
[14]細胞分泌物が、エクソソームである、[13]に記載の方法;
[15]外胚葉性前駆細胞の製造方法であって、
前記外胚葉性前駆細胞は、高増殖性細胞であり、
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて、28日超の期間にわたり培養すること、および
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む、外胚葉性前駆細胞の製造方法;
[16]前記培養物から、前記高増殖性細胞を単離することを更に含む、[15]に記載の製造方法;
[17]タンパク質および/またはmiRNAを含む細胞分泌物であって、
前記タンパク質は、ビンキュリン(P18206)、インテグリンβ-1,CD29(P05556)、ピルビン酸キナーゼM1/2(P14618)、およびエフリンタイプ-A受容体2(P29317)の組み合わせを含み、
前記miRNAは、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-379-5p(MIMAT0000733)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-21-5p(MIMAT0000076)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-409-3p(MIMAT0001639)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、およびhsa-let-7f-5p(MIMAT0000067)の組み合わせを含む、細胞分泌物;
[18]エクソソームである、[17]に記載の細胞分泌物;
[19][1]もしくは[2]に記載の製造方法により得られた高増殖性細胞または[10]~[12]のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物と、
[17]または[18]に記載の細胞分泌物と、
のいずれかの細胞分泌物を含む、末梢神経細胞または中枢神経細胞に関係する障害の予防または治療に用いられる医薬組成物;
[20][1]もしくは[2]に記載の製造方法により得られた高増殖性細胞または[10]~[12]のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物と、
[17]または[18]に記載の細胞分泌物と、
のいずれかの細胞分泌物を神経細胞に接触させることを含む、交感神経系の抑制方法。
本開示に係る高増殖性細胞の製造方法は、
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて培養すること、および、
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む。
・TGFβ受容体阻害剤とROCK阻害剤との組み合わせ、
・TGFβ受容体阻害剤、または
・ROCK阻害剤
であってよい。一態様において、使用される低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤は、TGFβ受容体阻害剤とROCK阻害剤との組み合わせである。本明細書において、「低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤」の語は、単に「阻害剤」と称することもある。
(1) 2-(5-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-4-イル-2-tert-ブチル-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル)-6-メチルピリジン、3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-(4-キノリル)-1-フェニルチオカルバモイル-1H-ピラゾール(A-83-01)、[2-(5-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-4-(4-ピリジルアミノ)]プテリジン(SD-208)、3-(ピリジン-2-イル)-4-(4-キノニル)]-1H-ピラゾール、2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジン、SB431542およびCultureSure(登録商標)A-83-01からなる群より選択される少なくとも1の化合物;
(2) 2-(5-ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール-4-イル-2-tert-ブチル-1H-イミダゾール-4-イル)-6-メチルピリジン、3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-4-(4-キノリル)-1-フェニルチオカルバモイル-1H-ピラゾール(A-83-01)、[2-(5-クロロ-2-フルオロフェニル)-4-(4-ピリジルアミノ)]プテリジン(SD-208)、3-(ピリジン-2-イル)-4-(4-キノニル)]-1H-ピラゾール、2-(3-(6-メチルピリジン-2-イル)-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル)-1,5-ナフチリジン、SB431542およびCultureSure(登録商標)A-83-01からなる群より選択される少なくとも1の化合物と、
GSK269962A、Fasudil hydrochloride、CultureSure(登録商標)Y-27632およびH-1152 dihydrochlorideからなる群より選択される少なくとも1の化合物との組み合わせ;ならびに、
(3) GSK269962A、Fasudil hydrochloride、CultureSure(登録商標)Y-27632およびH-1152 dihydrochlorideからなる群より選択される少なくとも1の化合物。
(I)GFAP陽性細胞、例えば、GFAPを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(II)NG2陽性細胞、例えば、NG2を原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(III)S100B陽性細胞、例えば、S100Bを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(IV)GFAPが陽性、かつ、NG2が陽性の細胞、例えば、GFAPを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、NG2を原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(V)GFAPが陽性、かつ、S100Bが陽性の細胞、例えば、GFAPを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、S100Bを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(VI)S100Bが陽性、かつ、NG2が陽性の細胞、例えば、S100Bを、原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、NG2を原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞;
(VII)GFAPが陽性、S100Bが陽性、かつ、NG2が陽性の細胞、例えば、GFAPを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、S100Bを原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、NG2を原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する細胞。
本開示に係る製造方法により得られる高増殖性細胞には、出発材料である原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも未成熟な分化段階の特徴を示す細胞が含まれていてもよい。このような未成熟段階の外胚葉性細胞、すなわち外胚葉性前駆細胞は、阻害剤を含まない培地を用いる以外は当該細胞の培養条件と同一の培養条件で培養した対照となる外胚葉性細胞と比較して細胞増殖活性が高く、より短時間で増殖する性質、より長期間に亘って増殖する性質、またはこれら双方を満たす性質を備えることできる。この高増殖性を示す外胚葉性前駆細胞を、本明細書では高増殖性前駆細胞と称することがある。本明細書における「高増殖性細胞」には、高増殖性前駆細胞を包含することがある。これにより、未成熟段階の外胚葉性細胞をより長期にわたって成育させて、例えば、外胚葉性前駆細胞が生成する細胞分泌物を、対照となる外胚葉性細胞と比較して、より短時間で大量に得ることができるなどの利点を有する。
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて、28日超の期間にわたり培養すること、および、
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む。本開示の外胚葉性前駆細胞の製造方法は、前記培養物から、前記高増殖性細胞を単離することを更に含んでもよい。
(a)アストロサイトと比較して、GFAPおよびS100Bの組み合わせ、GFAPおよびSLC1A2の組み合わせ、S100BおよびSLC1A2の組み合わせ、GFAPおよびNG2の組み合わせ、NG2およびSLC1A2の組み合わせ、またはNG2およびS100Bの組み合わせの発現量が増加している。
(b)アストロサイトと比較して、GFAP、S100BおよびNG2の組み合わせ、GFAP、SLC1A2およびNG2の組み合わせ、S100B、SLC1A2およびNG2の組み合わせ、またはGFAP、S100B、SLC1A2およびNG2の組み合わせの発現量が増加している。
先述の製造方法で使用される阻害剤は、外胚葉性細胞の増殖能を維持または促進させるために用いることができる。したがって、本開示の更なる側面は、低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤、例えばTGFβ受容体阻害剤およびROCK阻害剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含む、外胚葉性細胞の増殖性調整剤に関する。具体的に、本開示は、先述の製造方法により得られる高増殖性細胞、または外胚葉性細胞の増殖能を維持または促進させるために使用される、増殖性調整剤にも関する。ここで、本明細書において、用語「増殖性調整」とは、細胞の増殖維持および増殖促進の少なくとも一方を達成することを意味することができる。用語「増殖維持」および「増殖促進」については、細胞が培養期間にわたって細胞数が維持または増加している限り、特に区別されない。細胞の増殖性調整のための増殖性調整剤の使用濃度としては、先述した製造方法における使用濃度に関して記述した濃度をそのまま適用することができる。
本開示のさらに別の側面は、本開示に係る高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物を含む培養物を得ること、および、前記細胞分泌物を、前記培養物から分離することを含む、細胞分泌物の製造方法に関する。本製造方法は、必要に応じて任意の工程をさらに含んでもよい。本開示に係る高増殖性細胞は、細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞であるので、阻害剤を含まない培地を用いる以外は当該高増殖性細胞の培養条件と同一の培養条件で培養した対照となる細胞と比較して、より短時間で増殖し、より長期間に亘って増殖し、またはより短時間で増殖すると共に長期間に亘って増殖する。したがって、本細胞分泌物の製造方法では、高増殖性細胞が分泌する細胞分泌物を、対照となる細胞と比較して、より短時間で大量に得ることができる。
・PA群:ビンキュリン(P18206)、インテグリンβ-1,CD29(P05556)、ピルビン酸キナーゼM1/2(P14618)、およびエフリンタイプ-A受容体2(P29317)の組み合わせを少なくとも含むものであってよく、
・PB群:ビンキュリン(P18206)、インテグリンβ-1,CD29(P05556)、ピルビン酸キナーゼM1/2(P14618)、およびエフリンタイプ-A受容体2(P29317)の組み合わせと、アミノペプチダーゼN(P15144)、アネキシンA2(P07355)、アネキシンA6(P08133)、ミオフェルリン(Q9NZM1)、および5’-ヌクレオチダーゼ,CD73(P21589)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つとを少なくとも含むものであってもよく、
・PC群:ビンキュリン(P18206)、インテグリンβ-1,CD29(P05556)、ピルビン酸キナーゼM1/2(P14618)、およびエフリンタイプ-A受容体2(P29317)の組み合わせと、アミノペプチダーゼN(P15144)、アネキシンA2(P07355)、アネキシンA6(P08133)、ミオフェルリン(Q9NZM1)、および5’-ヌクレオチダーゼ,CD73(P21589)の組み合わせと、モエシン(P26038)、インテグリンα-2,CD49b(P17301)、インテグリンα-3,CD49c(P26006)、2’,3’-環状ヌクレオチド3’-ホスホジエステラーゼ(P09543)、Fアクチンキャッピングタンパク質βサブユニット(P79136)、ニューロピリン1(O14786)およびテネイシンC(P24821)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つと、を含むものであってもよく、あるいは、
・PD群:図4Aおよび図4Bに記載されたすべてのタンパク質を含むものであってもよい。
・RA群:hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-379-5p(MIMAT0000733)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-21-5p(MIMAT0000076)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-409-3p(MIMAT0001639)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、およびhsa-let-7f-5p(MIMAT0000067)の組み合わせを少なくとも含むものであってよく、
・RB群:hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-379-5p(MIMAT0000733)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-21-5p(MIMAT0000076)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-409-3p(MIMAT0001639)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、およびhsa-let-7f-5p(MIMAT0000067)の組み合わせと、hsa-miR-151a-3p(MIMAT0000757)、hsa-miR-93-5p(MIMAT0000093)、hsa-miR-29a-3p(MIMAT0000086)、hsa-miR-9-5p(MIMAT0000441)、hsa-miR-25-3p(MIMAT0000081)、hsa-miR-92a-3p(MIMAT0000092)、hsa-miR-34a-5p(MIMAT0000255)、hsa-miR-26a-5p(MIMAT0000082)、hsa-miR-26b-5p(MIMAT0000083)、hsa-miR-29a-3p(MIMAT0000086)、hsa-miR-9-5p(MIMAT0000441)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-92a-3p(MIMAT0000092)、hsa-miR-103a-3p(MIMAT0000101)、およびhsa-miR-26a-5p(MIMAT0000082)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つと、を少なくとも含むものであってもよく、
・RC群:hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-379-5p(MIMAT0000733)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-21-5p(MIMAT0000076)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-409-3p(MIMAT0001639)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、およびhsa-let-7f-5p(MIMAT0000067)の組み合わせと、hsa-miR-151a-3p(MIMAT0000757)、hsa-miR-93-5p(MIMAT0000093)、hsa-miR-29a-3p(MIMAT0000086)、hsa-miR-9-5p(MIMAT0000441)、hsa-miR-25-3p(MIMAT0000081)、hsa-miR-92a-3p(MIMAT0000092)、hsa-miR-34a-5p(MIMAT0000255)、hsa-miR-26a-5p(MIMAT0000082)、hsa-miR-26b-5p(MIMAT0000083)、hsa-miR-29a-3p(MIMAT0000086)、hsa-miR-9-5p(MIMAT0000441)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-92a-3p(MIMAT0000092)、hsa-miR-103a-3p(MIMAT0000101)、およびhsa-miR-26a-5p(MIMAT0000082)の組み合わせと、hsa-miR-128-3p(MIMAT0000424)、hsa-miR-222-3p(MIMAT0000279)、hsa-miR-31-5p(MIMAT0000089)、hsa-miR-381-3p(MIMAT0000736)、hsa-miR-128-3p(MIMAT0000424)、hsa-miR-24-3p(MIMAT0000080)、hsa-miR-26b-5p(MIMAT0000083)、hsa-miR-24-3p(MIMAT0000080)、hsa-miR-30a-3p(MIMAT0000088)、hsa-miR-31-5p(MIMAT0000089)、hsa-miR-128-3p(MIMAT0000424)、hsa-miR-23a-3p(MIMAT0000078)、hsa-miR-24-3p(MIMAT0000080)、hsa-let-7d-5p(MIMAT0000065)、およびhsa-miR-654-3p(MIMAT0004814)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つと、を少なくとも含むものであってもよく、あるいは、
・RD群:図5~図10に記載されたすべてのmiRNAを含むものであってもよい。
一実施形態に係る高増殖性細胞から分離された細胞分泌物、例えば、上記のようにして分離または精製されたエクソソームは、種々の細胞種に対する種々の作用、例えば、神経突起伸長抑制作用、神経突起伸張作用、神経突起ネットワーク形成作用、神経細胞死予防作用および神経細胞増殖促進作用を有することが予想される。これらの機能に基づいて末梢神経細胞または中枢神経細胞に関係する障害に対する予防または治療用の医薬組成物としての有用性が期待される。
例えば、高増殖性細胞から分離された細胞分泌物の神経突起伸張抑制作用は、末梢神経細胞の分化に関して、より未分化な細胞から末梢神経細胞、特に交感神経細胞への分化を抑制することができる。このため、本開示に係る細胞分泌物を末梢神経細胞に対して用いることによって、末梢神経系、特に交感神経系を抑制することが期待できる。また例えば、高増殖性細胞から分離された細胞分泌物を中枢神経細胞に対して用いることによって、その神経突起伸張作用、神経突起ネットワーク形成作用、神経細胞死予防作用および神経細胞増殖促進作用等に基づいて、中枢神経系を活性化することが期待できる。
「高増殖性細胞の製造方法、高増殖性細胞およびその用途」と題して2021年7月29日に提出された日本国特許出願第2021-124172。
以下に示す材料および試薬、培養用製品を用いて、ヒトアストロサイトの長期培養を行った。
・Normal Human Astrocytes(NHA)(CC-2565、Lonza)
<使用試薬および培養用製品>
・培養用培地:AGM Astrocyte Growth Medium Bullet Kit(CC-3186、Lonza)(AGMの組成:基礎培地、FBS(3%(v/v))、L-グルタミン、アスコルビン酸、hEGF、インスリン、抗生物質)、
・阻害剤Y:CultureSure(登録商標)Y-27632(034-24024、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、終濃度:10μM、
・阻害剤A:CultureSure(登録商標)A-83-01(035-24113、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、終濃度:0.5μM、
・細胞剥離剤:Accutase(AT104、ICT)、
・細胞用緩衝液:リン酸緩衝塩水溶液(ダルベッコ;カルシウムおよびマグネシウム不含)(BNDSBN200、KAC)、
・細胞凍結用培地:CELLBANKER 1(CB011 TaKaRa(日本全薬工業株式会社))、
・細胞培養用ディッシュ 60mm(150462、Thermo Fisher Scientific)、
・細胞培養用ディッシュ 100mm(150466、Thermo Fisher Scientific)、
・細胞培養用ディッシュ 150mm(150468、Thermo Fisher Scientific)、
・Stericup Quick Release-GP Sterile Vacuum Filtration System(S2GPU02RE、Merck Millipore)、
・培養上清回収用阻害剤非含有培地:DMEM(Dulbecco’s Modied Eagle Medium)(C11995500CP、Gibco(登録商標)、Thermo Fisher Scientific)およびN-2 Supplement(100×)(17502-048、Gibco(登録商標)、Thermo Fisher Scientific)
長期培養は下記の手順に従って行った。ヒトアストロサイト細胞(NHA)の凍結チューブを37℃のウォーターバスで融解した。次いで、溶解後の細胞を計10mLになるよう培養用培地に移し、180×g、3分間、室温で遠心分離に供した後、培地を除去した。細胞を阻害剤Yのみ添加群(以下、NHA-Y群)、阻害剤Aのみ添加群(以下、NHA-A群)、阻害剤Y+阻害剤A添加群(以下、NHA-YA群)、無添加群(Normal群)の4群に分けて、再度、培養用培地に懸濁し、6ウェルプレート(細胞培養用マルチディッシュ 6 well(140675、Thermo Fisher Scientific。以下、省略)へ4.2×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。翌日、培地を、表2に記載のとおりに各群に対して各阻害剤含有(または非含有)培養用培地(各阻害剤の濃度は、上述のとおり)に交換し、培養を継続させた。培養期間中、顕微鏡による細胞の観察と写真撮影を行った。
<ヒトアストロサイト細胞の培養上清の回収>
以下の手順に沿って、YA含有培養用培地または阻害剤非含有培地を用いてヒトアストロサイト細胞を培養したときの培養上清をそれぞれ回収した。
凍結しておいたヒトアストロサイト細胞を、実施例1と同様に、融解して一度培地でウォッシュ後、細胞を培養用培地に再度懸濁し、60mm細胞培養用ディッシュに、3.5×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。翌日、YA含有培養用培地で培地交換し、培養を継続させた。80~90%コンフルエントに達したあたりで細胞剥離剤を用いて細胞を剥がし、YA含有培養用培地に懸濁して100mm細胞培養用ディッシュへ3.5×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で継代した。YA含有培養用培地で培養された細胞群を、実施例1と同様に、NHA-YA群と称する。
凍結しておいたヒトアストロサイト細胞を、実施例1と同様に、融解して一度培地でウォッシュ後、細胞を培養用培地に再度懸濁し、60mm細胞培養用ディッシュへ3.5×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。阻害剤を含まない培養用培地で培養された細胞群を、実施例1と同様に、Normal群と称する。
上記で回収されたNormal群およびNHA-YA群それぞれの追加培養の培養上清を、細胞用緩衝液(使用前に0.22μmフィルターでろ過したもの)で5倍希釈した後、NanoSight LM10(Malvern Panalytical)により、粒子数と粒径分布を確認した。ブランクとして、細胞用緩衝液中の粒子数も測定し、各培養上清の測定値から細胞用緩衝液中の粒子数を減算することによって、培養上清中の粒子数を計算した。粒子数と粒径分布の確認はそれぞれ2回行った。回収された追加培養の培養上清に含まれる粒子の粒子数と粒子サイズの一例を表3に、粒径分布を図3Aおよび図3Bにそれぞれ示す。なお図3Aおよび図3Bにおいて、粒子数(106個/mL)を縦軸に示し、粒子サイズ(nm)を横軸に示す。
実施例1の培養に出発材料として用いたアストロサイトの細胞群と、得られた外胚葉性細胞集団について、以下の外胚葉性細胞マーカー遺伝子について発現量を検討した。以下に記載したNCBIのデータベースであるRefSeqのaccession番号で登録されている配列を元に検出用プライマーを作製した。
・Notch1(vX1も含む)(NM_017617)
・Nestin(NM_006617)
・SOX2(SRY-box transcription factor 2)(NM_003106)
・S100B(S100 calcium binding protein B)(NM_006272)
・NG2(Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4)(NM_001897)
・GFAP(Glial fibrillary acidic protein)(v1.v4,vX1,vX3)(NM_002055)
以下のサンプルより常法に従ってRNAを抽出し、当該RNAを用いてcDNAを合成した。RNA試料の調製および反応条件の設定は、製品添付のプロトコールにしたがった。
サンプル:
・Normal Human Astrocytes(NHA)(購入した初代細胞を起眠して増殖させ凍結したものを、再び起眠し4日間培養したもの。継代なし。)、
・NHA-YA(購入した初代細胞を起眠して増殖させ凍結したものを、再び起眠しYAを含む培地で28日間培養した後凍結したものを、再々起眠しYAを含む培地で14日間培養したもの。
14日間の培養期間中、1回継代した。)
機器:SimpliAmp Thermal Cycler(アプライド・バイオシステムズ)
作製した検出用プライマーを下記表4に示す。これらプライマーを用いて、定量PCRによって外胚葉性細胞マーカー遺伝子の発現を検討した。RNA試料の調製および反応条件の設定は、製品添付のプロトコールに従った。
機器:StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System(アプライド・バイオシステムズ)
実施例1の培養に出発材料として用いたアストロサイトの細胞群と、得られた外胚葉性細胞集団について、実施例3-1と同様にして、以下の外胚葉性細胞マーカー遺伝子の発現量を定量PCRによって測定した。各マーカー遺伝子の検出用プライマーは、以下に記載したNCBIのデータベースであるRefSeqのaccession番号で登録されている配列を元に作製した。
・SLC1A2(solute carrier family 1 member 2)(v1、v2、v3、vX1~vX7も含む)(NM_004171)
・SLC1A3(solute carrier family 1 member 3)(v1~v5、vX1、vX2、vX3)(NM_004172)
・OLIG2(oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2)(NM_005806)
・PAX6(paired box 6)(v1~v48)(NM_000280)
・ALDH1L1(aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1)(v1、v2、v3、vX1,vX2,vX3)(NM_001270364)
・Musashi1(musashi RNA binding protein 1;MSI1)(v1、vX1~vX10)(NM_002442)
<NHA-YA由来エクソソームの回収>
NHAを含有する細胞培養液が保管された凍結チューブを37℃のウォーターバスで融解した。次いで、溶解後の細胞を計10mLになるようYA含有培養用培地に移し、180×g、3分間、25℃で遠心分離に供した後、培地を除去した。得られたNHAをYA含有培養用培地に懸濁させ、6ウェルプレートへ4.2×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で継代した。2回の継代を交えながら11日間、YA含有培養用培地で培養を行った。
上記で得たエクソソーム含有溶液をトリクロロ酢酸で沈殿処理し、次いで、5mM ジチオステイトールのTris緩衝液溶液を加え、35℃、2時間の還元処理を行った。還元後のサンプルに、14mM ヨードアセトアミドのTris緩衝液溶液を加え、遮光条件下、25℃、30分間反応を行った。次いで、トリプシン処理を37℃で、20時間行い、エクソソームを分解した。得られたエクソソームの分解物を陽イオン交換カラムにて溶媒置換した後、脱塩および濃縮し、LC-MS/MS分析に供した。HPLC装置にはEASY-nLC 1200 System(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,USA)を、カラムには、EASY-Spray column、15cm×75μmID、3μm particles、100Å pore size(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.,USA)を使用した。LC-MS/MS分析により得られたスペクトルのプロダクトイオン測定データを元に、MASCOT server(https://www.matrixscience.com/help.html)を用いてデータベース検索を行った。続いて、得られた結果を以下の2つのデータベースに照らし合わせて、エクソソーム画分と培地成分とを合わせて合計1798種類のタンパク質断片を検出した。
・ヒト由来タンパク質:SwissProt(配列数20376)
・ウシ由来タンパク質:UniProtKB(配列数47043)
(a1) 上記で抽出した520個のタンパク質をTissue Enrich(https://tissueenrich.gdcb.iastate.edu)で検索した。ここで、Human Protein Atlasのデータセット、および組織特異的遺伝子の全てを検索対象とした;
(a2) 大脳に特異的な遺伝子を22個選出した;
(a3) 上記(a2)で選出した22個の遺伝子のうち、培地サンプルで検出されなかった遺伝子を12個選出した;
(a4) 上記(a3)で選出した12個の遺伝子のうち、ヒトタンパク質である可能性が高い遺伝子を8個選出した;
(a5) 上記(a4)で選出した8個の遺伝子のうち、疾患との関連が高い遺伝子を5個選出した。
上記ステップ(a1)~(a5)により選出された5個の遺伝子がコードするタンパク質を図4に記す。
(b1) 上記で抽出した520個のタンパク質のうち、Scaffold Proteome viewerのGOで「membrane」に括られているタンパク質として409個のタンパク質を選出した;
(b2) 上記で抽出した520個のタンパク質のうち、Scaffold Proteome viewerのGOで「extracellular region」に括られているタンパク質として443個のタンパク質を選出した;
(b3) 上記で抽出した520個のタンパク質のうち、Scaffold Proteome viewerのGOで「membrane」と「extracellular region」のいずれにも括られていないタンパク質として15個のタンパク質を選出した;
(b4) 上記ステップ(b1)、(b2)および(b3)で抽出したタンパク質のうち、培地サンプルに含まれていないタンパク質として35個のタンパク質を選出した。選出した35個のうち、14個については、下記のステップ(c1)~(c3)により選出されたタンパク質と重複する。
上記ステップ(b1)~(b4)により選出された35個のタンパク質を図4に記す。
上記選出ステップaおよび選出ステップbとは異なる選出ステップcで特徴的なタンパク質を選出した。
c: 特徴的なタンパク質の選出ステップ
(c1) SwissProt_Homo sapiensとUniProtKB_Bos taurusとを合わせた、全1562個の配列からエクソソーム画分のQuantitative Valueが20以上のものを103個選出した;
(c2) 上記(c1)で選出した103個の配列の中で、培地サンプルでのQuantitative Valueが10以下のものを65個選出した;
(c3) 上記ステップ(c2)で選出した65個の配列について、論文検索サイトPubMed(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)により中枢神経疾患と関連するもの、または脳、神経細胞の増殖、発生、分化、形態形成、移動、代謝などに関与していることが推定されるものを20個選出した。選出した20個のうち、14個については、上記ステップ(b1)~(b4)により選出されたタンパク質と重複する。
上記ステップ(c1)~(c3)により選出された20個のタンパク質を図4に記す。
<NHA-YA由来エクソソームの回収>
NHAを含有する細胞培養液が保管された凍結チューブを37℃のウォーターバスで融解した。次いで、溶解後の細胞を計10mLになるようYA含有培養用培地に移し、180×g、3分間、25℃で遠心分離に供した後、培地を除去した。得られたNHAをYA含有培養用培地に懸濁させ、6ウェルプレートへ4.2×103細胞/cm2の播種密度で継代した。4回の継代を交えながら47日間、YA含有培養用培地で培養を行った。
上記で得られたエクソソーム含有溶液205mLを、超遠心機Optima XE-90(Beckman Coulter)を用いて、250,000×g、70分間、4℃で遠心分離に供した後、上清を除去し、エクソソーム画分を得た。次いで、miRNeasy Mini Kit(217004、Qiagen)を用いて、得られたエクソソーム画分からRNAを抽出した。その結果、エクソソーム画分230μLからトータルRNA41.8ngを回収した。
上記で得られたRNAをAgilent RNA 6000 pico kit(Agilent Technologies)およびAgilent small RNA kit(Agilent Technologies)を使用してAgilent 2100 Bioanalyzerによりクオリティーチェックを行った。クオリティーチェック後、ディレクショナル(Stranded)用RNAライブラリー調製キット、NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kit for Illuminaを用いて、上記で得られたトータルRNAからRNAライブラリーを調製した。調製したRNAライブラリーを用いてmRNA-Seq解析を行い、6538個のmRNAを検出した。
1.パーキンソン病マーカーとしてのmiRNA
以下の文献を参照し、パーキンソン病のヒト脳組織で発現が低下しているmiRNAを42個選出した。当該miRNAを含有するエクソソームをパーキンソン病患者の細胞に投与することにより、パーキンソン病患者において、外因性に当該miRNAの機能が補完され、パーキンソン病の治療効果が期待される。
文献:MicroRNAs in Parkinson’s disease and emerging therapeutic targets. Neural Regeneration Research, 12(12), pp.1945-1959 (2017)
IMOTA(https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/)を用いて、アルツハイマー病の病態に関連するタンパク質、特にアルツハイマー病治療薬の薬理作用に寄与する複数のタンパク質と関連することが知られる下記のタンパク質と関連付けられるmiRNAを選抜した。
IMOTAを用いて、大脳皮質においてアミロイド前駆体タンパク質(APP:Amyloid Precursor Protein)と関連付けられるmiRNAを70個選出した。APPは、アルツハイマー病発症の原因の一つに上げられる老人斑、すなわち、アミロイドβタンパクの沈着物の主要構成成分である。
IMOTAを用いて、大脳皮質においてBACE1(β-site APP cleaving enzyme)と関連付けられるmiRNAを42個選出した。アルツハイマー病発症時BACE1はAPPのN末端部分を切断することにより、異常なアミロイドβタンパクを産生する。
IMOTA (https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/)を用いて、大脳皮質においてNMDA受容体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor)と関連付けられるmiRNAを66個選出した。アルツハイマー病発症時、脳内に異常なタンパク質が蓄積することで、神経を興奮させる物質が過剰に放出される。この興奮物質によりNMDA受容体が過剰に活性化されることで、神経伝達や記憶が障害される。
IMOTA (https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/imota/)を用いて、大脳皮質においてグルコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ-3-β(GSK-3β:Glycogen synthase kinase-3β)と関連付けられるmiRNAを58個選出した。GSK-3βは、様々な蛋白質をリン酸化する酵素で,複数のパスウェイ制御を介して細胞の生命維持や生理機能の調節に多様な働きをしている。アルツハイマー病においては脳内でのアミロイドβタンパクの沈着や神経細胞中にタウタンパク質の蓄積を促進する。その結果として神経細胞のアポトーシスを誘発する。
以下の文献を参照し、うつ病の個人における血漿中で発現が低下しているmiRNAを24個選出した。当該miRNAを含有するエクソソームをうつ病患者の細胞に投与することにより、うつ病患者において、外因性に当該miRNAの機能が補完され、うつ病の治療効果が期待される。
文献:MicroRNAs expressed in depression and their associated pathways:A systematic review and a bioinformatics analysis(Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 100 (2019) 101650)
NHA-YA由来エクソソームによる機能性評価試験として、ラット副腎褐色細胞腫由来細胞株、PC-12細胞(RCB0009、RIKEN Bank)に対する神経突起伸長抑制試験を行った。コントロールとしては、実施例1で使用したNHA細胞に由来するエクソソームを用いた。
以下の試薬および培養用製品を使用した。
・増殖用培地:
組成:基礎培地、10%(w/v)FBS、10%(w/v)HS、抗生物質、
基礎培地:DMEM,high glucose,pyruvate(11995-073;Gibco)、
FBS:Fetal Bovine Serum,qualified,Brazil(10270-106;Gibco)、
HS:Horse Serum,heat inactivated,New Zealand origin(26050-088;Gibco)、
抗生物質:Antibiotic-Antimycotic(100X)(15240-062;Gibco)
・細胞剥離剤1:Accutase(AT104、ICT)、
・細胞剥離剤2:TrypLE Express Enzyme(1X),フェノールレッド非含有(12604-013、Gibco)、
・細胞用緩衝液:リン酸緩衝塩水溶液(ダルベッコ;カルシウムおよびマグネシウム不含)(BNDSBN200、KAC)、
・アッセイ用培地:
組成:基礎培地、添加剤、抗生物質、
基礎培地:Advanced DMEM(12491-015、Gibco)、
添加剤:GlutaMAX Supplement(100X)(35050-061、Gibco)、
抗生物質:Antibiotic-Antimycotic(100X)(15240-062、Gibco)、
・陽性コントロール試薬:ラット由来神経成長因子(NGF)-β(N2513-.1MG、Sigma-Aldrich)、
・培養用培地:AGM Astrocyte Growth Medium Bullet Kit(CC-3186、Lonza)(AGMの組成:基礎培地、FBS(3%(v/v))、L-グルタミン、アスコルビン酸、hEGF、インスリン、抗生物質)(実施例1で使用したのと同じもの)、
・阻害剤Y:CultureSure(登録商標)Y-27632(034-24024、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、終濃度:10μM(実施例1で使用したのと同じもの)、
・阻害剤A:CultureSure(登録商標)A-83-01(035-24113、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社)、終濃度:0.5μM(実施例1で使用したのと同じもの)、
・エクソソーム除去ウシ血清:Exosome-Depleted Fetal Bovine Serum Qualified One shot(A2720803、Gibco)、
・0.22μmフィルターシステム:Stericup Quick Release-GP Sterile Vacuum Filtration System(S2GPU02RE、Merck Millipore)、
・培養上清回収用培地:AGM Astrocyte Growth Medium Bullet Kit(CC-3186、Lonza)中の成分であるウシ血清(FBS)の代りに3%(w/v)のエクソソーム除去ウシ血清(A2720803;Gibco)が添加されたもの、
・96ウェルプレート:コラーゲンIコート96ウェルプレート(4860-010、IWAKI)、
・細胞培養用フラスコ T-75(430641、Corning)、
・細胞培養用ディッシュ 100mm:150466、Thermo Fisher Scientific(実施例1で使用したのと同じもの)、
・細胞培養用ディッシュ 150mm:150468、Thermo Fisher Scientific(実施例1で使用したのと同じもの)。
下記の手順に従い、以下の評価用サンプルを調製し、神経突起伸長抑制試験に使用した。
(1)対照培地(Control medium(CM)):培養上清回収用培地を超遠心分離して得られたもの。
(2)NHA AGM P6:6回継代目のNHAの培養上清を超遠心分離して得られたもの。
(3)NHA-YA P6:6回継代目のNHA-YAの培養上清を超遠心分離して得られたもの。
上記(2)および(3)は、エクソソーム量の最終濃度が10μg/mLとなるようアッセイ用培地に添加して調製した。また、上記(1)~(3)の各評価用サンプルの調製に際して使用した超遠心分離は、超遠心機(本体:Optima XE-90、ローター:SW41 Ti;BeckmanCoulter)を使用して250,000×g、70分間、4℃の条件で行った。
以下に示す材料、試薬、および培養用製品を用いて、YA含有培養用培地または阻害剤非含有培地を用いてヒトアストロサイト細胞を培養したときの培養上清をそれぞれ回収した。
1.材料
NHAとして、実施例1で使用したのと同じ材料を使用した。
培養上清の回収は以下の手順に沿って行った。ヒトアストロサイト細胞(NHA)の凍結チューブを37℃のウォーターバスで融解した。次いで、溶解後の細胞を計10mLになるよう培養用培地に移し、180×g、3分間、室温で遠心分離に供した後、培地を除去した。細胞を培養用培地に懸濁し、T-75培養用フラスコ(Corning)へ1.25×104細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。その後、37℃で約12時間培養を行い、細胞を接着させた後、培地を「阻害剤Y+阻害剤A添加群(以下、NHA-YA群)」および「無添加群(NHA群)」のいずれかの培養用培地(各阻害剤の濃度は、上述のとおり)に交換し、培養を継続させた。
上記で回収されたNHA-YA群、NHA群、およびCMの培養上清180mL分をチューブに移し、前記超遠心機を使用して250,000×g、70分間、4℃で遠心分離を行った。上清を除去した後、得られた沈降物を洗浄するために、当該沈殿物にリン酸緩衝塩水溶液を添加した後、250,000×g、70分間、4℃で遠心分離を行った。上清を除去し、洗浄された沈殿物を得た。洗浄された沈降物は培養上清容積の凡そ1/1000となるようリン酸緩衝塩水溶液にて再懸濁した。
上記の方法により濃縮された培養上清由来の懸濁液を、使用前に0.22μmフィルターでろ過したリン酸緩衝塩水溶液で100倍希釈した後、希釈液中の粒子数をZetaView X20(Particle Metrix)により測定した。測定で得られた粒子数に希釈率、すなわち100を乗じて懸濁液中の総粒子数を算出した。アッセイ用培地中の粒子数を、リン酸緩衝塩水溶液で100倍希釈した後に測定し、得られたアッセイ用培地中の粒子数を各培養上清の測定値から減算することによって、培養上清中の粒子数を計算した。また併せて、NanoDrop(Thermo Scientific)により280nmでの吸光度を測定し、懸濁液中のタンパク濃度を測定した。測定で得られたタンパク濃度に懸濁液の液量を乗じて懸濁液中の総タンパク量を算出した。測定結果を表10に示す。表10の「総粒子数」の欄における「aE+b」なる表記は、a×10bを意味する。表10に示されるように、NHA-YA群では総タンパク量が最も多く含まれており、また、粒子数も対照培地(CM)に比較して顕著に多いことが分かった。
上記のPC-12細胞の凍結チューブを37℃のウォーターバスで融解した。次いで、溶解後の細胞を計10mLになるよう増殖用培地に移し、180×g、5分間、室温で遠心分離に供した後、培地を除去した。続いて細胞を増殖用培地に懸濁し、細胞培養用ディッシュ 100mmに凡そ5,300細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種した。2日または3日おきに培地を交換しながら37℃で培養を行い、継代を交えながら細胞を増殖させた。得られたPC-12細胞を、細胞剥離剤2を用いて剥がし、アッセイ用培地にて洗浄した後、アッセイ用培地にて3.96×104個/mLの密度で再懸濁した。懸濁した細胞を96ウェルプレート中に1ウェルあたり1.98×103個/50μL培地、すなわち、6000細胞/cm2の播種密度で播種し、約12時間細胞を接着させた後、培地を上記の各評価用サンプルに交換した。その後、37℃で培養を行い、培養開始3日目、4日目、および5日目のPC-12細胞の状況を顕微鏡(BZ-X710、KEYENCE)にて観察し、観察画像を取得した。当該画像における神経様突起の長さおよび細胞数を、画像解析ソフトFiji(ImageJ2 ver. 2.3.0)のMulti-pointツール(細胞数)とStraightツール(伸長突起長)を使用して計測した。統計処理にはMicrosoft-Excelを使用した。
したがって、本開示のエクソソームが、PC-12細胞の神経突起を伸長する機能を備えておらず、むしろ、神経突起の伸張を抑制する機能を備えていることが示唆された。これにより、本開示のエクソソームは、交感神経系を抑制することができる。
Claims (20)
- 高増殖性細胞の製造方法であって、
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて培養すること、および、
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む、高増殖性細胞の製造方法。 - 前記高増殖性細胞は、前記阻害剤と接触させた28日超の培養期間後の細胞数が、該阻害剤と非接触である以外は同一の培養条件で同一の培養期間にわたり培養された外胚葉性細胞の細胞数の1.0倍を超える増殖能を有する、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞が、中枢神経系の細胞を含む、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞が、アストロサイトを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記阻害剤が、TGFβ受容体阻害剤およびROCK阻害剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの化合物を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記TGFβ受容体阻害剤の濃度が、0.001μM~100μMの範囲内である、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤の濃度が、0.001μM~100μMの範囲内である、請求項5または6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記高増殖性細胞が、成熟細胞に特有の少なくとも1つの遺伝子を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現し、かつ、前駆細胞に特有の少なくとも1つの遺伝子を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞と同じかそれ以上に発現する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記高増殖性細胞が、Musashi1、Notch1、Nestin、およびSOX2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが陰性である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 外胚葉性細胞の特徴を備え、低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤と接触させた28日超の培養期間後の細胞数が、該阻害剤と非接触である以外は同一の培養条件で同一の培養期間にわたり培養された外胚葉性細胞の細胞数の1.0倍を超える増殖能を有する、高増殖性細胞。
- 前記高増殖性細胞が、Musashi1、Notch1、Nestin、およびSOX2からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つが陰性である細胞を含む、請求項10に記載の細胞。
- NG2の発現量が、前記阻害剤非接触の外胚葉性細胞におけるNG2の発現量よりも高い、請求項10または11に記載の細胞。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法より得られる高増殖性細胞または請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物を含む培養物を得ること、および、前記細胞分泌物を、前記培養物から分離することを含む、細胞分泌物の製造方法。
- 細胞分泌物が、エクソソームである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 外胚葉性前駆細胞の製造方法であって、
前記外胚葉性前駆細胞は、高増殖性細胞であり、
(i)原料となる外胚葉性細胞を用意すること、
(ii)低分子シグナル伝達経路阻害剤を含む培地中で、該阻害剤を前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞に接触させて、28日超の期間にわたり培養すること、および
(iii)前記接触後、前記阻害剤を含む培地中で追加培養を行い、前記原料となる外胚葉性細胞よりも細胞増殖能が高められた高増殖性細胞を含む培養物を得ること
を含む、外胚葉性前駆細胞の製造方法。 - 前記培養物から、前記高増殖性細胞を単離することを更に含む、請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- タンパク質および/またはmiRNAを含む細胞分泌物であって、
前記タンパク質は、ビンキュリン(P18206)、インテグリンβ-1,CD29(P05556)、ピルビン酸キナーゼM1/2(P14618)、およびエフリンタイプ-A受容体2(P29317)の組み合わせを含み、
前記miRNAは、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-155-5p(MIMAT0000646)、hsa-miR-379-5p(MIMAT0000733)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-382-5p(MIMAT0000737)、hsa-miR-21-5p(MIMAT0000076)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、hsa-miR-16-5p(MIMAT0000069)、hsa-miR-409-3p(MIMAT0001639)、hsa-let-7a-5p(MIMAT0000062)、およびhsa-let-7f-5p(MIMAT0000067)の組み合わせを含む、細胞分泌物。 - エクソソームである、請求項17に記載の細胞分泌物。
- 請求項1もしくは2に記載の製造方法により得られた高増殖性細胞または請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物と、
請求項17または18に記載の細胞分泌物と、
のいずれかの細胞分泌物を含む、末梢神経細胞または中枢神経細胞に関係する障害の予防または治療に用いられる医薬組成物。 - 請求項1もしくは2に記載の製造方法により得られた高増殖性細胞または請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の高増殖性細胞から分泌された細胞分泌物と、
請求項17または18に記載の細胞分泌物と、
のいずれかの細胞分泌物を神経細胞に接触させることを含む、交感神経系の抑制方法。
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KR20240040102A (ko) | 2024-03-27 |
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