WO2023004711A1 - 充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统 - Google Patents

充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004711A1
WO2023004711A1 PCT/CN2021/109372 CN2021109372W WO2023004711A1 WO 2023004711 A1 WO2023004711 A1 WO 2023004711A1 CN 2021109372 W CN2021109372 W CN 2021109372W WO 2023004711 A1 WO2023004711 A1 WO 2023004711A1
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Prior art keywords
converter
battery
charging
voltage
bus
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PCT/CN2021/109372
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
左希阳
颜昱
李宝
王潇
李占良
林龙珍
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020217039638A priority Critical patent/KR102645452B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109372 priority patent/WO2023004711A1/zh
Priority to EP21819311.8A priority patent/EP4167431A4/en
Priority to JP2021573244A priority patent/JP7461385B2/ja
Priority to CN202180005842.4A priority patent/CN115885407B/zh
Priority to US17/565,541 priority patent/US20230034292A1/en
Publication of WO2023004711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004711A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00716—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to integrated charge or discharge current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a charging and discharging device, a battery charging method and a charging and discharging system.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a charging and discharging device, a battery charging method, and a charging and discharging system, which can increase the charging speed of the battery and shorten the charging time.
  • a charging and discharging device including a bidirectional AC/DC converter, a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, and a control unit, the second DC/DC converter One end is connected between the first DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter, and the other end is connected to an energy storage unit, and the first DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter.
  • the control unit is configured to: receive a first charging request sent by the BMS of the battery, and control the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter according to the first charging request to pass
  • the AC power supply charges the battery, and/or controls the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage unit, wherein,
  • the first charge request includes a first charge current; receive a first discharge request sent by the BMS, and discharge the battery according to the first discharge request, wherein the first discharge request includes a first discharge current, the first discharge request is when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the the discharge current sent by the BMS; receive the second charging request sent by the BMS, and control the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter according to the second charging request to pass the An AC power source charges the battery, and/or controls the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/
  • the control unit controls the bidirectional AC/DC converter, the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, so that the charging and discharging device can send
  • the first charging current and the first discharging current alternately charge and discharge the battery, so as to avoid the problems of heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoid the safety problems of the battery caused by heating and lithium ion accumulation. , such as battery combustion or explosion, etc., to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device also includes a second DC/DC converter and is connected with an energy storage unit, the battery can discharge its power to the AC power supply and/or the energy storage unit, thereby improving the output capability of the charging and discharging device, Alternately charge and discharge the battery more effectively, avoiding problems such as heat generation and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoid battery safety problems caused by heat generation and lithium ion accumulation, such as battery combustion or explosion, etc. Ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the energy storage unit can also be used to charge the battery, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the charging and discharging device.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a second discharge request sent by the BMS, and discharge the electric power of the battery according to the second discharge request, wherein the second discharge The request includes a second discharge current, the second discharge current is when the second accumulated charge of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charge threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full capacity of the battery cells. charging voltage, the BMS sends the discharging current.
  • the battery can be further discharged again.
  • the charging and discharging processes are carried out sequentially, and the battery can be charged step by step on the basis of ensuring the performance of the battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and stop charging the battery according to the charging stop command, where the charging stop command is when The command sent by the BMS when the voltage of the battery cell of the battery exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: control the first DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the first discharge request, so as to discharge the battery and/or, according to the first discharge request, controlling the second DC/DC converter to discharge the electric power of the battery to the energy storage unit.
  • the first discharge request further includes a first discharge voltage
  • the control unit is specifically configured to: set the first discharge voltage based on the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current.
  • the input power of the DC/DC converter obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit; obtain the bus voltage of the charging and discharging device in real time; if the SOC of the energy storage unit is less than the first threshold, turn on the second DC/DC a converter, to discharge the electric power of the battery to the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter; during the process of discharging the battery to the energy storage unit , if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset value, adjusting the input power of the second DC/DC converter to the second DC/DC
  • the first input power of the converter, the first input power of the second DC/DC converter is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter; wherein, in the second DC/DC converter When the DC converter
  • control unit is further configured to: during the process of discharging the battery to the energy storage unit, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the bus voltage The balance voltage difference exceeds a preset value, adjusting the input power of the second DC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter, turning on the AC/DC converter, and adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the first input power of the AC/DC converter, so as to simultaneously discharge the power of the battery through the AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to the AC power source; wherein the second DC/DC converter operates based on the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter, and the AC/DC converter operates at the AC/DC converter When the first input power is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the power of the battery when the SOC of the energy storage unit is small, the power of the battery is preferentially released to the energy storage unit to supplement the power stored in the energy storage unit, and when the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage differ greatly, the The power of the battery is released to the AC power supply at the same time, and the power released by the battery is received by the AC power supply and the energy storage unit, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can discharge the battery in a stable state.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold, turn on the AC/DC converter to pass the first The DC/DC converter and the AC/DC converter discharge the power of the battery to the AC power supply; during the process of discharging the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter to the second input power of the AC/DC converter, the AC The second input power of the /DC converter is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter is working based on the second input power of the AC/DC converter, The difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: during the process of discharging the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the The difference of the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, turning on the second DC/DC converter, and adjusting the input power of the second DC/DC converter to the second input power of the second DC/DC converter, so that the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter convert The electricity of the battery is released to the energy storage unit at the same time; wherein, the AC/DC converter is based on the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and the second DC/DC converter is based on the When the second input power of the second DC/DC converter is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is smaller than the preset value.
  • the power of the battery is preferentially released to the AC power supply, so as to prevent the power stored in the energy storage unit from exceeding its capacity, and between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage
  • the power of the battery is released to the energy storage unit at the same time, and the energy storage unit and the AC power supply receive the power released by the battery together, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can operate in a stable state. Discharge the battery in the state.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a second threshold, turn on the AC/DC converter to pass through the first DC/DC converter and the AC/DC converter to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power supply, and control the second DC/DC converter to be turned off, so as to prohibit the power passing through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter Two DC/DC converters discharge the power of the battery to the energy storage unit; during the process of discharging the power of the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the The difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter to the third input power of the AC/DC converter, and the AC/DC conversion
  • the third input power of the converter is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter is working based on the third input power of the AC/DC converter, the The difference between the bus voltage and
  • control unit is further configured to: during the process of discharging the power of the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage The difference from the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and setting the first DC/DC conversion The input power of the converter is the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter.
  • the second DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter
  • the first charging request further includes a first charging voltage
  • the control unit is specifically configured to: based on the Set the output power of the first DC/DC converter with the first charging voltage and the first charging current; obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit; if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a third threshold, turn on the the second DC/DC converter, so as to charge the battery from the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter; obtain the bus voltage of the charging and discharging device in real time ;
  • the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset value
  • the maximum output power of the converter wherein,
  • control unit is further configured to: during the process of charging the battery by the energy storage unit, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is equal to the The difference of the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset value, adjusting the output power of the second DC/DC converter to the maximum output power of the second DC/DC converter, turning on the AC/DC converter, and adjusting the output power of the AC/DC converter to the first output power of the AC/DC converter to be simultaneously powered by the AC power source through the AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter charging the battery; wherein the second DC/DC converter operates based on the maximum output power of the second DC/DC converter, and the AC/DC converter operates at the AC/DC converter When the first output power is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the energy storage unit when the SOC of the energy storage unit is relatively large, the energy storage unit is preferentially used to charge the battery to release the electricity stored in the energy storage unit and prepare for the subsequent reception of the electricity released by the battery.
  • the balance voltages turn on the AC power supply to charge the battery from the AC power supply and the energy storage unit together, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage can be kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can charge the battery in a stable state. Charge.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a fourth threshold and less than a third threshold, turn on the AC/DC converter to pass through the first The DC/DC converter and the AC/DC converter charge the battery from the AC power source; during the process of charging the battery from the AC power source, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and The difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjusting the output power of the AC/DC converter to the second output power of the AC/DC converter, the AC/DC The second output power of the converter is less than or equal to the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter operates based on the second output power of the AC/DC converter, the The difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • control unit is further configured to: during the process of charging the battery by the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the The difference of the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjust the output power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter, turn on the second DC/DC converter, and adjust the output power of the second DC/DC converter to the second output power of the second DC/DC converter to be generated by the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter
  • the energy storage unit charges the battery at the same time; wherein, when the AC/DC converter works based on the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter, and the second DC/DC converter works based on the first When the second output power of the second DC/DC converter is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is smaller than the preset value.
  • the AC power supply is preferentially used to charge the battery, and when there is a large difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage, the energy storage unit is turned on, so that the energy storage unit Charge the battery together with the AC power supply, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can charge the battery in a stable state.
  • control unit is further configured to: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is less than a fourth threshold, turn on the AC/DC converter to pass through the first DC/DC converter and the AC/DC converter charges the battery from the AC power source; during the process of charging the battery from the AC power source, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is equal to The difference of the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the third output power of the AC/DC converter, the AC/DC converter The third output power is less than the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter is working based on the third output power of the AC/DC converter, the bus voltage and the The difference of the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • control unit is further configured to: during the process of charging the battery by the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the The difference of the bus balance voltage is greater than the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and setting the output of the first DC/DC converter Power is the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the range of the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current is between 2C and 10C, which can realize fast charging with a large current to improve the charging rate of a single charge.
  • the charging capacity of the battery is realized to achieve the purpose of fast charging.
  • the charging current is also limited, so it is impossible to use a continuous high current to achieve fast charging of the battery.
  • the battery is charged with a high current.
  • the battery is discharged after a high-current charge to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process, and then the battery can be charged again with a high current to realize rapid charging of the battery.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the range of the discharge rate of the first discharge current is between 0.1C and 1C, so as to realize low-current discharge, aiming at releasing the lithium ions accumulated in the negative electrode of the battery through the discharge of the battery at a small current without causing The battery has lost too much charge.
  • a ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • setting the ratio of the cumulative discharge threshold in the discharge process and the cumulative charge threshold in the charge process can better control the charge capacity of the battery in the charge process and the discharge capacity of the battery in the discharge process, so that the discharge capacity Smaller, it will not cause excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the first discharging current, and the second charging current is determined by the BMS according to a state parameter of the battery; wherein, the The state parameters of the battery include at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge and battery state of health.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the second charging current and the first discharging current is a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, which can better adapt to the current state parameters of the battery and improve the charging of the battery. efficiency and/or discharge efficiency without damaging the battery.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: periodically receive the first charging current sent by the BMS; and/or, periodically receive the first discharging current sent by the BMS; and /or periodically receive the second charging current sent by the BMS.
  • the charging and discharging current and/or discharging current is periodically sent by the BMS.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current can be adjusted regularly to improve the charging and discharging efficiency;
  • the charging and discharging device can be indicated to the charging and discharging device that the state of the BMS and the battery is normal through the regularly sent charging current and/or discharging current , so that the charging and discharging device can continue to charge the battery or control the discharge of the battery, so as to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive the first charging voltage sent by the BMS, where the first charging voltage and the first charging current are carried in the first BCL message and/or, receiving the first discharge voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current are carried in the second BCL message; and/or, receiving the first discharge voltage sent by the BMS The second charging voltage, wherein the second charging voltage and the second charging current are carried in the second BCL message.
  • the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is compatible with the existing communication protocol between the charger and the BMS. Therefore, the method in each embodiment of the present application is easier to implement and has a good application prospect.
  • the second aspect provides a charging and discharging method, which is applied to the charging and discharging device in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the charging and discharging device includes an AC/DC converter, a first DC a current/direct current DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, and a control unit, one end of the second DC/DC converter is connected to the first DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC Between the converters, an energy storage unit is connected to the other end, and the first DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter.
  • the method includes: receiving a first charging request sent by the battery management system BMS of the battery, and controlling the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter according to the first charging request, so as to Charge the battery through the AC power supply, and/or control the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage unit, wherein , the first charge request includes a first charge current; receive the first discharge request sent by the BMS, and release the battery power according to the first discharge request, wherein the first discharge request includes a first discharge current, the first discharge request is when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, The discharge current sent by the BMS; receiving the second charging request sent by the BMS, and controlling the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter according to the second charging request to pass the The AC power supply charges the battery, and/or controls the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/DC
  • a charging and discharging device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to execute any of the above-mentioned second aspect or the second aspect.
  • a charging and discharging system including: a BMS of a battery; and the charging and discharging device in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is an interactive flowchart of a method for charging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is an interactive flowchart of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic waveform diagram of the charging current and discharging current of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 5 is an interactive flowchart of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is an interactive flowchart of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is an interactive flowchart of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is an interactive flowchart of another method for charging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural block diagram of a battery management system BMS provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural block diagram of a charging and discharging device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural block diagram of another charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural block diagram of the power conversion unit in the charging and discharging device provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for charging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source of electric devices (such as vehicles, ships or spacecraft, etc.), while energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • Metaphor As an example but not a limitation, in some application scenarios, the power battery may be a battery in a power consumption device, and the energy storage battery may be a battery in a charging device.
  • power batteries and energy storage batteries are collectively referred to as batteries hereinafter.
  • lithium batteries such as lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion polymer batteries.
  • the battery is generally charged by continuous charging, and continuous charging of the battery will cause the phenomenon of lithium deposition and heat generation of the battery.
  • lithium deposition and heat generation will not only reduce the performance of the battery, The cycle life is greatly shortened, which also limits the fast charging capacity of the battery, and may cause catastrophic consequences such as combustion and explosion, causing serious safety problems.
  • the present application proposes a new battery charging method and charging system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 100 may include: a charging and discharging device 110 and a battery system 120.
  • the battery system 120 may be an electric vehicle (including a pure electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) battery system or battery system in other application scenarios.
  • the battery 121 can be any type of battery, including but not limited to: lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium sulfur battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel metal hydride battery, or lithium air battery etc.
  • the battery 121 in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery cell/battery monomer (cell), or a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a battery module or a battery pack can be composed of multiple batteries connected in series and in parallel. Formation, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific type and scale of the battery 121 are not specifically limited.
  • the battery system 120 is generally equipped with a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 122 for monitoring The state of the battery 121 .
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS 122 can be integrated with the battery 121 and set in the same device/device, or, the BMS 122 can also be set outside the battery 121 as an independent device/device.
  • the charging and discharging device 110 is a device for supplementing electric energy for the battery 121 in the battery system 120 and/or controlling the discharge of the battery 121 .
  • the charging and discharging device 110 in the embodiment of the present application may be an ordinary charging pile, a super charging pile, a charging pile supporting a vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, or may charge and/or discharge a battery Charging and discharging devices/equipment, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type and specific application scenarios of the charging and discharging device 110 .
  • the charging and discharging device 110 can be connected to the battery 121 through the electric wire 130, and connected to the BMS 122 through the communication line 140, wherein the communication line 140 is used to realize the communication between the charging and discharging device 110 and the BMS. Information exchange.
  • the communication line 140 includes, but is not limited to, a controller area network (control area network, CAN) communication bus or a daisy chain (daisy chain) communication bus.
  • a controller area network control area network, CAN
  • daisy chain daisy chain
  • the charging and discharging device 110 can also communicate with the BMS 122 through a wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the wired communication type or wireless communication type between the charging and discharging device and the BMS 122.
  • FIG. 2 shows an interaction flow chart of a method 200 for charging a battery proposed by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 200 of the embodiment of the present application may be applicable to the charging and discharging device 110 and the battery system 120 shown in FIG. 1 above.
  • the battery charging method 200 may include the following steps.
  • Step 210 The BMS obtains the first charging current.
  • Step 220 The BMS sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 230 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current.
  • Step 240 If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the first discharge current.
  • Step 250 The BMS sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 260 The charging and discharging device controls the discharging of the battery based on the first discharging current.
  • a charging method that can be realized between the charging and discharging device and the BMS.
  • the charging and discharging device can send the first charging current and the first discharging current based on the BMS.
  • the current realizes the charging and discharging of the battery, avoiding continuous charging of the battery, thereby avoiding problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery. Due to heating, the temperature of the battery will rise, and the crystals produced by the accumulation of lithium ions may pierce the battery, causing electrolyte leakage and short-circuiting the battery. The rise in battery temperature and short-circuiting of the battery may cause battery safety problems, such as causing battery combustion or explosion etc.
  • the charging and discharging device can charge and discharge the battery based on the first charging current and the first discharging current sent by the BMS, which can ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the continuous accumulation of lithium ions will also cause the problem of lithium analysis, which will affect the service life and charging capacity of the battery. Therefore, the service life and charging capacity of the battery can also be guaranteed through the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the BMS can first enter the charging mode to control the charging and discharging device to charge the battery. First, the BMS obtains the first charging current. After the BMS sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device, the charging and discharging The device charges the battery based on the received first charging current.
  • the BMS can obtain the first charging current from its own functional unit (eg, a storage unit or a processing unit), or the BMS can also obtain the first charging current from other devices.
  • the first charging current may be a preset current, and the preset current may be a fixed value, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first charging current may also be a current determined according to state parameters of the battery, and the first charging current changes with changes in the state parameters of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device can be connected to a power supply, which can be an AC power supply and/or a DC power supply. After the charging and discharging device receives the information of the first charging current, based on the first charging current, the charging and discharging device passes through the AC power supply and/or the DC power supply. Charge the battery.
  • a power supply which can be an AC power supply and/or a DC power supply.
  • the BMS can obtain the first accumulated charging amount of the battery, and determine whether the first accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold, if The first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, and the BMS obtains the first discharge current.
  • the battery can include one or more battery cells, and the BMS can monitor the voltage of one or more battery cells in the battery to monitor whether the battery is fully charged .
  • the voltages of the multiple battery cells may be different. In this case, it can be judged by judging whether the maximum voltage of the battery cells exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cells. Whether the battery is fully charged.
  • other voltages of the battery cells in the battery may also be used to determine whether the battery is fully charged.
  • the BMS obtains the second A discharge current, that is, for the battery, it changes from charging mode to discharging mode.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated charge amount may be the first accumulated charge capacity or may also be the first accumulated charge amount.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold is the first accumulated charging capacity threshold; if the first accumulated charging amount is the first accumulated charging amount, then the first accumulated charging amount The threshold is the first accumulated charging power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated charging amount threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change with time in a preset manner.
  • the first accumulated charge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the first accumulated charge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • the first A cumulative charge threshold can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, so that the current charging process can be better controlled, and the charging efficiency of the battery can be improved without causing damage to the battery.
  • step 240 to step 260 the BMS obtains the first discharge current, and sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the received first discharging current.
  • the BMS can obtain the first discharge current from its own functional unit, such as a storage unit or a processing unit, or the BMS can also obtain the first discharge current from other devices.
  • the first discharge current may be a preset current, and the preset current may be a fixed value, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first discharge current may also be a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, and the first discharge current changes with changes in the state parameters of the battery.
  • the electricity of the battery in the discharge mode or stage, can be transmitted to the energy storage device and/or the grid, which is beneficial to the recycling of electric energy.
  • the energy storage device can be installed in the charging and discharging device or outside the charging and discharging device, so that it can receive the discharge current of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific configuration of the energy storage device.
  • the power of the battery may also be consumed in other ways, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific way of consuming power.
  • the BMS can obtain the first accumulated discharge capacity of the battery during the discharge process, and determine whether the first accumulated discharge capacity is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge capacity threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated discharge amount may be the first accumulated discharge capacity or may also be the first accumulated discharge amount.
  • the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold is the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold; if the first cumulative discharge capacity is the first cumulative discharge capacity, the first cumulative discharge capacity The threshold is the first accumulated discharge power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated discharge capacity threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first accumulated discharge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the first accumulated discharge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • the first A cumulative discharge threshold can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, so as to better control the current discharge process and improve the discharge efficiency of the battery without causing damage to the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device controls the battery to stop discharging.
  • the charging and discharging device can charge and discharge the battery based on the first charging current and the first discharging current sent by the BMS, so as to avoid problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoid problems caused by heating, lithium ions, etc.
  • Problems such as ion aggregation cause battery safety problems, such as battery combustion or explosion, etc., to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • charging the battery to the first accumulative charge amount based on the first charging current and then releasing the battery to the first accumulative discharge amount based on the first discharge current can release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process to prevent continuous charging.
  • the lithium analysis problem generated during charging can improve the service life and charging capacity of the battery.
  • the battery can be charged for the second time to continue charging the battery.
  • the battery charging method 200 in the embodiment of the present application may further include the following steps.
  • Step 270 If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires a second charging current.
  • Step 280 The BMS sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 290 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the second charging current.
  • step 270 to step 290 when the BMS judges that the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires the second charging current and sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging system.
  • the charging and discharging device continues to charge the battery based on the received second charging current, that is, for the battery, re-enters the charging mode from the discharging mode.
  • steps 270 to 290 refer to the relevant descriptions of steps 210 to 230 above, and details are not repeated here.
  • the charging and discharging of the battery in addition to the current information required for charging and discharging, the charging and discharging of the battery also requires the voltage information required for charging and discharging.
  • the BMS obtains the first charging current and the first charging voltage, and send the first charging current and the first charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is used to charge the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage;
  • the BMS obtains the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage, and sends the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is used to The battery is discharged.
  • the subsequent charge and discharge process may be similar to the above charge and discharge process, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 3 shows an interaction flow diagram of another battery charging method 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 300 may further include the following steps in addition to the steps 210 to 290 described above.
  • Step 310 If the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the second discharge current.
  • Step 320 The BMS sends the second discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 330 The charging and discharging device controls the battery to discharge based on the second discharging current.
  • the charging, discharging, and recharging and redischarging of the battery are completed through information interaction between the BMS and the charging and discharging device.
  • the embodiment of the present application can further provide a multiple-cycle charging and discharging method. The charging and discharging processes are carried out sequentially, and the battery can be gradually charged on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the battery.
  • step 310 when the charging and discharging device is charging the battery based on the second charging current, the BMS can obtain the second accumulated charging amount of the battery, and determine whether the second accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount Charge level threshold.
  • the second accumulated charging amount may only be the charging amount of the battery charged by the charging and discharging device based on the second charging current, or the second accumulated charging amount may also be the current total charging amount of the battery.
  • the battery Current total charging amount charging amount based on the first charging current+charging amount based on the second charging current ⁇ discharging amount based on the first discharging current.
  • the second accumulated charging amount threshold may also be a charging amount threshold based on a single charge, or the second accumulated charging amount threshold may also be a charging amount threshold based on a total charging amount.
  • the second accumulated charging amount may be the second accumulated charging capacity or may also be the second accumulated charging amount.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold is the second accumulated charging capacity threshold
  • the second accumulated charging amount is the second accumulated charging amount
  • the second accumulated charging amount is the second accumulated charging amount
  • the second accumulated charging amount The threshold is the second accumulated charging power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned second accumulated charging amount threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the second accumulated charge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the second accumulated charge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • step 310 when the second accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold, and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS acquires the second discharge current. And in step 320 to step 330, the BMS sends the second discharge current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the received second discharging current.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic waveform diagram of a charging current and a discharging current of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current until the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the battery cells of the battery The voltage of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell.
  • the charging and discharging device controls the discharge of the battery based on the first discharge current, until the first accumulated discharge of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge threshold.
  • the duration of the first discharging current may be shorter than the duration of the first charging current.
  • the charging and discharging device continues to charge the battery based on the second charging current until the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the battery
  • the charge and discharge device controls the discharge of the battery based on the second discharge current, until the second accumulated discharge of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated discharge threshold.
  • the first The duration of the second charging current may be shorter than the duration of the first charging current. It can be understood that the above charging and discharging process continues until the battery is fully charged.
  • the waveform diagrams of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current are only schematically shown in Fig. 4, and the first charging current can be as shown in the figure The constant current shown in 4, or can also be the changing current that changes with time, similarly, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current can be the constant current as shown in Figure 4, or can also be Varying current over time.
  • the magnitudes of the first charging current and the second charging current schematically shown in FIG. 4 are the same, and the magnitudes of the first discharging current and the second discharging current are the same.
  • the first charging current and the second charging current The magnitudes of the currents may also be different, and the magnitudes of the first discharge current and the second discharge current may also be different, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows an interaction flow chart of another battery charging method 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 500 may further include the following steps in addition to the steps 210 to 290 described above.
  • Step 510 If the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS sends a charging stop command to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 520 the charging and discharging device stops charging the battery.
  • the BMS can monitor whether the battery has reached a fully charged state by monitoring the voltage of one or more battery cells in the battery.
  • whether the battery has reached a fully charged state can be determined by judging whether the maximum voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell. When the maximum voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, it means that the battery is fully charged, and the BMS sends a charge stop command to the charge and discharge device at this time.
  • the charge stop command is used to instruct the charge and discharge device to stop charging the battery , so that the charging and discharging device stops charging the battery.
  • the steps 510 and 520 can be performed during the charging phase of the battery.
  • the BMS when the BMS enters the charging mode and the charging and discharging device receives the charging current sent by the BMS, the BMS can obtain the charging current of the battery during the process of charging the battery. Once the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS sends a charge stop command to the charging and discharging device to stop the charging and discharging device. Charge the battery.
  • FIG. 5 only schematically shows that step 510 and step 520 are performed after step 290, that is, during the second charging process. It can be understood that step 510 and step 520 can also be performed during multiple charging During any charging process of discharge.
  • the charging and discharging device since the charging and discharging device is used to charge, discharge and recharge the battery, the safety problems caused by continuous charging can be prevented. Further, the charging current in the above method can be large Current, in order to increase the charging capacity of the battery during a single charging process, to achieve the purpose of fast charging.
  • the charging current is also limited, so it is impossible to use a continuous high current to achieve fast charging of the battery.
  • the battery is charged, and the battery is discharged after a high-current charge to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process, and then the battery can be charged again with a high current to realize rapid charging of the battery.
  • the first charging current and/or the second charging current can be a large current.
  • the charging current in the subsequent charging process can also be large. current.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge current in the embodiment of the present application is a small current, which aims to discharge the lithium ions accumulated in the negative electrode of the battery through the discharge of the battery with a small current, without causing excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current in the above method can be a small current.
  • the discharge current in the subsequent discharge process can also be a small current.
  • the charge rate of the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the cumulative discharge capacity threshold during the discharging process and the cumulative charging capacity threshold during the charging process can be set Ratio, so that the discharge capacity is small without causing excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%, and/or the ratio of the second accumulated discharge threshold to the second accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10 %.
  • the ratio of the cumulative discharge threshold value to the cumulative charge threshold value in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be less than or equal to 10%.
  • the first charging current and the second charging current acquired by the BMS may be the same or different.
  • the first charging current and/or the second charging current can be a preset current, or the first charging current and/or the second charging current can also be a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, when the state parameters of the battery changes, the first charging current and/or the second charging current may be different currents corresponding to different state parameters.
  • the state parameter of the battery includes at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge (state of charge, SOC) and battery state of health (state of health, SOH).
  • first discharge current and the second discharge current acquired by the BMS may be the same or different.
  • the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current may be a preset current, or the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current may also be a current determined according to state parameters of the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current is a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, it can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, improving The charging efficiency and/or discharging efficiency of the battery, and will not cause damage to the battery.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be a preset current, or , can also be the current determined according to the state parameters of the battery.
  • FIG. 6 shows an interaction flow diagram of another method 600 for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • step 210 above may include:
  • Step 610 The BMS obtains the state parameters of the battery, and determines the first charging current according to the state parameters.
  • Step 240 above may include:
  • Step 640 If the first accumulative charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulative charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the BMS obtains the state parameters of the battery and determines first discharge current.
  • Step 270 above may include:
  • Step 670 If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires state parameters of the battery, and determines a second charging current according to the state parameters.
  • the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current are currents determined according to state parameters of the battery.
  • BMS can obtain different state parameters of the battery, and determine the current charging current and discharging current according to the state parameters.
  • the mapping relationship between the state parameters of the battery and the charging current and discharging current can be obtained.
  • the state parameters determine the specific charging current and discharging current, wherein the mapping relationship can be a mapping relationship obtained by fitting a large number of experimental data, which has high reliability and accuracy.
  • the mapping relationship can specifically be a mapping table , a map or a mapping formula, etc.
  • a dedicated neural network model can also be trained according to a large amount of experimental data, and the neural network model can output charging current and discharging current according to the input state parameters of the battery.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the second accumulated charging amount threshold may be the same or different.
  • the first accumulated discharge amount threshold and the second accumulated discharge amount threshold may be the same or different.
  • At least one of the first accumulated charge threshold, the second accumulated charge threshold, the first accumulated discharge threshold and the second accumulated discharge threshold may be a preset threshold.
  • at least one of the first accumulated charge threshold, the second accumulated charge threshold, the first accumulated discharge threshold and the second accumulated discharge threshold may also be a threshold determined according to a state parameter of the battery.
  • the cumulative discharge threshold and the cumulative charging threshold in the subsequent charging and discharging process can be preset thresholds or It may also be a threshold determined according to a state parameter of the battery.
  • the first cumulative charge threshold, the second cumulative charge threshold, the first cumulative discharge threshold, and the second cumulative discharge threshold is a threshold determined according to the state parameters of the battery. It can better adapt to the current state parameters of the battery, so as to be able to better control the current charging process and/or discharging process, ensure the charging capacity and discharging capacity, and realize efficient charging of the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current may be a current obtained by the BMS periodically or irregularly, as an example , at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current may be a current determined periodically or irregularly by the BMS according to the state parameters of the battery, and the current varies with the state parameters of the battery Specifically, the BMS can periodically acquire the state parameters of the battery, thereby determining at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current, and the second discharging current; or, the BMS can acquire in real time The state parameter of the battery, when the state parameter changes irregularly, the BMS determines at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current according to the irregularly changing state parameter.
  • the BMS regularly or irregularly sends at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device is based on
  • the current sent periodically charges the battery or controls the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current is sent by the BMS regularly or irregularly.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current sent regularly or irregularly can also be used to indicate that the state of the BMS and the battery is normal,
  • the charge and discharge device can continue to charge the battery or control the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device can stop charging the battery and/or stop controlling the battery discharge to ensure the battery's safety performance.
  • FIG. 7 shows an interaction flow chart of another method 700 for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • step 210 above may include:
  • Step 710 The BMS acquires the first charging current periodically.
  • Step 220 above may include:
  • Step 720 The BMS periodically sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 240 above may include:
  • Step 740 If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, periodically obtain the first discharge current.
  • Step 250 above may include:
  • Step 750 The BMS periodically sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 270 above may include:
  • Step 770 If the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge amount threshold, periodically obtain the second charging current.
  • Step 280 above may include:
  • Step 780 The BMS periodically sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the BMS may obtain the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current periodically.
  • the BMS can periodically send the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is compatible with the existing communication protocol between the charger and the BMS, therefore, the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is easy to implement, and It has a good application prospect.
  • the BMS can also acquire at least one of the first charging voltage, the second charging voltage, the first discharging voltage, and the second discharging voltage, and convert the first charging voltage, the second charging voltage At least one of the second charging voltage, the first discharging voltage and the second discharging voltage is sent to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first charging current and the first charging voltage are carried in the first battery charging request message (BCL message) , and/or, the first discharging current and the first discharging voltage are carried in the second BCL message, and/or, the second charging current and the second charging voltage are carried in the third BCL message, and/or, The second discharge current and the second discharge voltage are carried in the fourth BCL message.
  • BCL message battery charging request message
  • the charging and discharging device charges the battery and controls the battery to discharge based on the second charging current and the second discharging current
  • the charging current, charging voltage, discharging current and discharging voltage in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be carried in the In the BCL message, it is sent to the charging and discharging device through the BMS.
  • FIG. 8 shows an interaction flow diagram of another method 800 for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 800 may include the following steps.
  • Step 810 The BMS acquires a first charging current and a first charging voltage.
  • Step 820 The BMS sends a first BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the first BCL message carries a first charging current and a first charging voltage.
  • Step 830 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage.
  • Step 840 If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage.
  • Step 850 The BMS sends a second BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the second BCL message carries the first discharge current and the second discharge voltage.
  • Step 860 The charging and discharging device controls the battery to discharge based on the first discharging current and the second discharging voltage.
  • Step 870 If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires a second charging current and a second charging voltage.
  • Step 880 The BMS sends a third BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the third BCL message carries the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
  • Step 890 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
  • the BMS uses the battery charging demand BCL message in the communication protocol between the existing charger and the BMS, the BMS sends the charging current and the discharging current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device based on the received charging current and discharge current to charge the battery or control the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging voltage (including the above-mentioned first charging voltage and the second charging voltage) is different from the range of the discharging voltage (including the above-mentioned first discharging voltage and the second discharging voltage), and the charging current (including the above-mentioned first charging current and second charging current) is different from the discharge current (including the above-mentioned first discharging current and second discharging current), in the BCL message received by the charging and discharging device, it can carry The magnitude of the voltage and current, judge whether it belongs to the charging voltage and charging current, or whether it belongs to the discharging voltage and discharging current.
  • the BMS can determine the charging voltage and discharging voltage according to the state parameters of the battery, or the charging voltage and discharging voltage can also be preset voltage values.
  • the BMS can periodically obtain the charging current and charging voltage, and periodically send BCL messages carrying the charging current and charging voltage to the charging and discharging device.
  • the BMS can also periodically obtain the discharging current and discharge voltage, and regularly send BCL messages carrying the discharge current and discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device.
  • the regular sending method of the BCL message may be the same as the regular sending method of the BCL message in the existing standard.
  • the information exchange message of charging and discharging current and/or voltage is taken as an example for illustration. It can be understood that in order to realize charging and discharging of the battery, in addition to the processing of the charging and discharging phase, it may also include the processing before charging and discharging.
  • the handshake interaction between the car and the charger, the parameter configuration interaction of charging and discharging, etc. are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication protocol between the charger and the BMS includes a communication protocol in a vehicle to grid (vehicle to grid, V2G) mode and a grid to vehicle (grid to vehicle, G2V) mode.
  • V2G vehicle to grid
  • G2V grid to vehicle
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a battery management system BMS 900 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS 900 includes: an acquisition unit 910, a sending unit 920 and a processing unit 930.
  • the obtaining unit 910 is used to obtain the first charging current; the sending unit 920 is used to send the first charging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current;
  • the processing unit 930 is configured to determine that when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the acquiring unit 910 is also configured to acquire the first accumulated charging amount threshold.
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to send the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls the discharge of the battery based on the first discharging current; optionally, the processing unit 930 is also used to determine the first accumulation of the battery When the discharge amount is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge amount threshold, the acquiring unit 910 is also used to acquire the second charging current; the sending unit 920 is also used to send the second charging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device is based on the second The charging current charges the battery.
  • the processing unit 930 is further configured to determine that when the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the acquiring unit 910 further It is used to obtain the second discharge current; the sending unit 920 is also used to send the second discharge current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the second discharging current.
  • the processing unit 930 is also used to determine that the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, and the sending unit 920 is also used to send a charging stop command to the charging and discharging device, and the charging stopping command is used to indicate charging and discharging The device stops charging the battery.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%, and/or the ratio of the second accumulated discharge threshold to the second accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • the obtaining unit 910 is used to obtain the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first charging current according to the state parameters; and/or, the obtaining unit 910 is used to obtain the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first discharge current according to the state parameters; And/or, the acquiring unit 910 is configured to acquire the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first discharge current according to the state parameters; wherein, the state parameters of the battery include at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery State of charge and battery health.
  • the acquiring unit 910 is used to periodically acquire the first charging current, and the sending unit 920 is used to periodically send the first charging current to the charging and discharging device; and/or, the acquiring unit 910 is used to periodically acquire the first discharging current, and send The unit 920 is configured to periodically send the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device; and/or the acquiring unit 910 is configured to periodically acquire the second charging current, and the sending unit 920 is configured to periodically send the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the obtaining unit 910 is also used to obtain the first charging voltage
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to send the first charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first charging current and the first charging voltage are carried in the first BCL report
  • the acquisition unit 910 is also used to acquire the first discharge voltage
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to send the first discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage are carried in the first discharge voltage In two BCL messages
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to obtain the second charging voltage
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to send the second charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the second charging current and the second charging voltage carried in the third BCL message
  • the acquiring unit 910 is also used to acquire the second discharge voltage
  • the sending unit 920 is also used to send the second discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the second discharging current and the first The second discharge voltage is carried
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a charging and discharging device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device 1000 includes: a receiving unit 1010 and a processing unit 1020 .
  • the receiving unit 1010 is used to receive the first charging current sent by the battery management system BMS; the processing unit 1020 is used to charge the battery based on the first charging current; the receiving unit 1010 is also used to receive the first charging current sent by the BMS.
  • the first discharge current the processing unit 1020 is also used to control battery discharge based on the first discharge current, wherein the first discharge current is when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the battery cells of the battery When the voltage does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the discharge current sent by the BMS; the receiving unit 1010 is also used to receive the second charging current sent by the BMS, and the processing unit 1020 is also used to charge the battery based on the second charging current, wherein , the second charging current is the charging current sent by the BMS when the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge amount threshold.
  • the receiving unit 1010 is also used to receive the second discharge current sent by the BMS
  • the processing unit 1020 is also used to control the discharge of the battery based on the second discharge current, wherein the second discharge current is when the second accumulated charge of the battery is greater than Or the discharge current sent by the BMS when it is equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell.
  • the receiving unit 1010 is also configured to receive a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and the processing unit 1020 is configured to stop charging the battery, wherein the charging stop command is when the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell , the command sent by the BMS.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%, and/or the ratio of the second accumulated discharge threshold to the second accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current is determined by the BMS according to the state parameters of the battery; wherein, the state parameters of the battery include at least one of the following parameters: temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge, and battery state of health.
  • the receiving unit 1010 is used to regularly receive the first charging current sent by the BMS; and/or, the receiving unit 1010 is used to regularly receive the first discharge current sent by the BMS; and/or, the receiving unit 1010 is used to regularly receive the BMS send the second charging current.
  • the receiving unit 1010 is also configured to receive the first charging voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first charging voltage and the first charging current are carried in the first BCL message; and/or, the receiving unit 1010 is also configured to receive The first discharge voltage sent by the BMS, where the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current are carried in the second BCL message; and/or, the receiving unit 1010 is also used to receive the second charge voltage sent by the BMS, where the first The second charging voltage and the second charging current are carried in the third BCL message; and/or, the receiving unit 1010 is also configured to receive the second discharging voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the second discharging voltage and the second discharging current are carried in the third BCL message; Four BCL messages.
  • the above describes the battery charging method and device embodiment based on the information interaction between the charging and discharging device and the BMS in this application in conjunction with Fig. 2 to Fig. 10.
  • the charging and discharging device it can be realized through different hardware architectures Charge the battery and control the discharge of the battery.
  • Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural block diagram of another charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charge and discharge device 1100 may include a control unit 1110 and a power conversion unit 1120 .
  • control unit 1110 is used to receive the first charging current sent by the BMS, and based on the first charging current, control the power conversion unit 1120 to charge the battery; the control unit 1110 is also used to receive the first discharge current sent by the BMS.
  • the control unit 1110 is also used to receive the second charge current sent by the BMS, and based on the second charge current, control the power conversion unit 1120 to charge the battery, wherein , the second charging current is the charging current sent by the BMS when the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge amount threshold.
  • the power conversion unit 1120 may include a high-voltage device for realizing high-power electric energy conversion
  • the control unit 1110 may include a low-voltage circuit for realizing the control function of the high-voltage device in the power conversion unit 1120 .
  • the control unit 1110 can also establish a communication connection with the BMS.
  • the control unit 1110 can establish a communication connection with the BMS through a communication bus, or the control unit 1110 can also establish a communication connection with the BMS through a wireless network. communication connection.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a power conversion unit 1120 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power conversion unit 1120 shown in FIG. 12 can be applied to the charging and discharging device in any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the power conversion unit 1120 may be connected to an alternating current (alternating current, AC) power source and a battery.
  • the power conversion unit 1120 includes an AC/DC (alternating current/direct current, AC/DC) converter 1210, a first DC/DC (direct current/direct current, DC/DC) converter 1220, and a second DC /DC converter 1230.
  • AC/DC alternating current/direct current, AC/DC
  • first DC/DC direct current/direct current, DC/DC
  • DC/DC converter 1230 a second DC /DC converter 1230.
  • one end of the second DC/DC converter 1230 is connected between the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the AC/DC converter 1210
  • the other end of the second DC/DC converter 1230 is connected with an energy storage unit 1240 .
  • the energy storage unit 1240 can be a part of the power conversion unit 1120, or can be a unit independent from the power conversion unit 1120 and connected to the power conversion unit 1120 through wires.
  • the energy storage unit 1240 may be, for example, an energy storage battery.
  • control unit 1110 is configured to: receive the first charging request sent by the BMS of the battery, and control the bidirectional AC/DC converter 1210 and the first DC/DC converter 1220 according to the first charging request, so as to charge the Charging the battery, and/or, controlling the second DC/DC converter 1230 and the first DC/DC converter 1220 to charge the battery through the energy storage unit 1240, wherein the first charging request includes the first charging current; receiving the BMS The first discharge request sent is to release the power of the battery according to the first discharge request, wherein the first discharge request includes the first discharge current, and the first discharge request is when the first accumulated charge of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charge The discharge current sent by the BMS when the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell; receive the second charging request sent by the BMS, and control the bidirectional AC/DC converter 1210 according to the second charging request and the first DC/DC converter 1220 to charge the battery through an AC power source, and/or, control the second DC/DC
  • the control unit controls the bidirectional AC/DC converter, the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, so that the charging and discharging device can
  • the charging current and the first discharging current alternately charge and discharge the battery, thereby avoiding problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoiding battery safety problems caused by heating and lithium ion accumulation, such as battery Combustion or explosion, etc., to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device also includes a second DC/DC converter and is connected with an energy storage unit, the battery can discharge its power to the AC power supply and/or the energy storage unit, thereby improving the output capability of the charging and discharging device, Alternately charge and discharge the battery more effectively, avoiding problems such as heat generation and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoid battery safety problems caused by heat generation and lithium ion accumulation, such as battery combustion or explosion, etc. Ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • control unit 1110 is further configured to: receive a second discharge request sent by the BMS, and discharge the power of the battery according to the second discharge request, wherein the second discharge request includes a second discharge current, and the second discharge current is when the battery The discharge current sent by the BMS when the second accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell.
  • the battery can be further discharged again.
  • a multi-cycle charging and discharging method can be further provided.
  • the charging and discharging processes are carried out sequentially, and the battery can be charged step by step on the basis of ensuring the performance of the battery.
  • control unit 1110 is also configured to: receive a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and stop charging the battery according to the charging stop command, wherein the charging stop command is when the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge of the battery cell When pressing, the command sent by BMS.
  • control unit 1110 can control the power conversion unit 1120 to discharge the battery power to the AC power source and/or the energy storage unit 1240 according to the SOC of the energy storage unit.
  • control unit 1110 is specifically configured to: control the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the bidirectional AC/DC converter 1210 according to the first discharge request, so as to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power supply; and/or, according to The first discharge request controls the second DC/DC converter 1230 to discharge the electric power of the battery to the energy storage unit 1240 .
  • control unit 1110 can judge according to the SOC of the energy storage unit to preferentially discharge the power of the battery to one of the AC power supply and the energy storage unit, and judge whether to turn on the AC power supply and the energy storage unit according to the bus voltage Ubus when the battery is discharged. the other to discharge the battery into it.
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 can be a bidirectional DC/DC.
  • the control unit 1110 can also control the power conversion unit 1120 to charge the battery through the energy storage unit 1240. Charge.
  • the charging and discharging device can determine whether to use the energy storage unit to assist the AC power supply to charge the battery together according to the SOC of the energy storage unit, so that the energy stored in the energy storage unit When the power is sufficient, the charging efficiency of the charging and discharging device is improved.
  • control unit 1110 can determine according to the SOC of the energy storage unit that one of the AC power supply and the energy storage unit is preferentially charged to the battery, and according to the relationship between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance during charging, determine Whether to turn on the AC source and the other of the energy storage unit to charge the battery at the same time.
  • the bus voltage U bus is the voltage between the positive and negative poles of the first end of the first DC/DC converter 1220, and the first end of the first DC/DC converter 1220 is used to connect AC/ DC converter 1210 and one end of the second DC/DC converter 1230 .
  • the bus balance voltage U balance is the voltage designed for the charging system, which can usually be equal to the rated bus voltage of the charging system.
  • the U balance is between 650V and 850V.
  • control unit 1110 can first set the input power of the first DC/DC converter 1220 based on the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current sent by the BMS, and obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240, according to the energy storage unit 1240 The SOC controls the power conversion unit 1120 to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power source and/or the energy storage unit.
  • the first charging request further includes a first charging voltage
  • the input power of the first DC/DC converter 1220 can be set to be equal to the discharge required power of the battery, for example, and the required discharge power of the battery can be, for example, the first discharge current and The product of the first discharge voltage.
  • the control unit 1100 needs to obtain the bus voltage U bus of the charging and discharging device 1100 in real time.
  • the detection circuit for detecting the bus voltage U bus detects the bus voltage in real time, and sends the detected bus voltage U bus to the control unit 1100 .
  • the bus voltage U bus can be detected in real time according to a certain frequency.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is smaller than the first threshold.
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 is turned on to discharge the electric power of the battery to the energy storage unit 1240 through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the second DC/DC converter 1230 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is greater than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b1 , adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to the first input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230, wherein the first input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 is less than or equal to the second DC/DC The maximum input power P MAXDC/DC21 of the converter 1230 .
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is less than or equal to the preset value U b1 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is greater than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b1 , adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to the maximum input power P MAXDC/DC21 of the second DC/DC converter 1230, turn on the AC/DC converter 1210, and adjust the input of the AC/DC converter 1210
  • the first input power of the power to the AC/DC converter 1210 is used to simultaneously discharge the power of the battery to the AC power source through the AC/DC converter 1210 and the first DC/DC converter 1220 .
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 works based on the maximum input power P MAXDC/DC21 of the second DC/DC converter 1230, and the AC/DC converter 1210 works at the first input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 , the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is less than or equal to the preset value U b1 .
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 is turned on, and the battery power is preferentially discharged to the energy storage unit 1240 .
  • U bus > U balance + U b1 adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b1 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is still greater than U balance and the difference between the two exceeds U b1 , then the AC/DC is turned on
  • the converter 1210 releases the power of the battery to the AC power supply at the same time, and adjusts the input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to increase from 0 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b1 .
  • the power of the battery is released to the energy storage unit first to supplement the power stored in the energy storage unit, and when the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is large, the battery
  • the electricity released by the battery is released to the AC power supply at the same time, and the electricity released by the battery is received by the AC power supply and the energy storage unit, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can discharge the battery in a stable state.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.
  • the first threshold and the second threshold can be determined based on specific energy storage units, the second threshold can be, for example, 10%, 20%, or 30%, and the first threshold can be, for example, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is greater than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b1 , adjust The input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to the second input power of the AC/DC converter 1210, the second input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 is less than or equal to the maximum input power P MAXAC/DC1 of the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to a preset value U b1 .
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on, and the power of the battery is preferentially discharged to the AC power supply.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on, and the power of the battery is preferentially discharged to the AC power supply.
  • U bus >U balance +U b1 adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b1 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is still greater than U balance and the difference between the two exceeds U b1 , start the second DC/DC conversion Converter 1230, so as to release the power of the battery to the energy storage unit 1240 at the same time, adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to increase from 0 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b1 .
  • the power of the battery is released to the AC power supply first, so as to avoid the power stored in the energy storage unit exceeding its capacity, and there is a large difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage
  • the power of the battery is released to the energy storage unit at the same time, and the energy storage unit and the AC power supply receive the power released by the battery together, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can operate in a stable state.
  • the battery is discharging.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the second threshold.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power supply through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the AC/DC converter 1210, and the second DC/DC converter 1230 is controlled to be turned off, so as to It is forbidden to discharge the electricity of the battery to the energy storage unit 1240 through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the second DC/DC converter 1230 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is greater than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b1 , adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to the third input power of the AC/DC converter 1210, the third input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 is less than or equal to the maximum input of the AC/DC converter 1210 power.
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is smaller than the preset value U b1 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is greater than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds a preset value U b1 , adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 , and set the input power of the first DC/DC converter 1220 to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the second threshold, and the energy storage unit 1240 cannot bear the excess power, so the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power source only, and The second DC/DC converter 1230 is controlled to be in an off state, so as to prohibit discharging the electric power of the battery to the energy storage unit 1240 .
  • U bus >U balance +U b1 then adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter 1210 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b1 .
  • control unit 1110 may first set the output power of the first DC/DC converter 1220 based on the first charging voltage and the first charging current sent by the BMS, and obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240, according to the energy storage unit 1240 The SOC controls the power conversion unit 1120 to charge the battery through the AC power source and/or the energy storage unit.
  • the first discharge request further includes a first discharge voltage
  • the output power of the first DC/DC converter 1220 can be set to be equal to the charging demand power of the battery, for example, and the charging demand power of the battery can be, for example, the first charging current and The product of the first charging voltage.
  • the control unit 1100 needs to obtain the bus voltage U bus of the charging and discharging device 1100 in real time.
  • the detection circuit for detecting the bus voltage U bus detects the bus voltage in real time, and sends the detected bus voltage U bus to the control unit 1100 .
  • the bus voltage U bus can be detected in real time according to a certain frequency.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the third threshold.
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 is turned on to charge the battery from the energy storage unit 1240 through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the second DC/DC converter 1230 .
  • the energy storage unit 1240 if the bus voltage U bus is less than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b2 , adjust the output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to the first output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230, the first output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 is less than or equal to the second DC/DC converter The maximum output power P MAXDC/DC22 of the converter 1230 .
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is smaller than the preset value U b2 .
  • the energy storage unit 1240 when the energy storage unit 1240 is charging the battery, if the bus voltage U bus is less than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b2 , adjust the output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to the maximum output power P MAXDC/DC22 of the second DC/DC converter 1230, turn on the AC/DC converter 1210, and adjust the output of the AC/DC converter 1210 power to the first output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to simultaneously charge the battery from the AC power through the AC/DC converter 1210 and the first DC/DC converter 1220 .
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 works based on the maximum output power P MAXDC/DC22 of the second DC/DC converter 1230, and the AC/DC converter 1210 works at the first output power of the AC/DC converter 1210
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is smaller than the preset value U b2 .
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the third threshold, the second DC/DC converter 1230 is turned on, and the energy storage unit 1240 is given priority to charging the battery.
  • the energy storage unit 1240 is charging the battery, if U bus ⁇ U balance ⁇ U b2 , then adjust the output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b2 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is still less than U balance and the difference between the two exceeds U b , then the AC/DC is turned on
  • the converter 1210 can charge the battery through the AC power supply at the same time, and adjust the output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to increase from 0 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b2 .
  • the energy storage unit is used first to charge the battery to release the power stored in the energy storage unit and prepare for the subsequent reception of the power released by the battery.
  • the AC power supply When there is a large difference between them, turn on the AC power supply to charge the battery from the AC power supply and the energy storage unit together, so as to keep the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can charge the battery in a stable state.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the fourth threshold and less than the third threshold.
  • the third threshold and the fourth threshold may be determined based on specific energy storage units, the fourth threshold may be, for example, 10%, 20%, or 30%, and the third threshold may be, for example, 70%, 80%, or 90%.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to charge the battery from the AC power through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is less than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b2 , adjust The output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to the second output power of the AC/DC converter 1210, the second output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 is less than or equal to the maximum output power P MAXAC/DC2 of the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is less than or equal to the preset value U b2 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is less than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b2 .
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 works based on the maximum output power P MAXAC/DC2 of the AC/DC converter 1210
  • the second DC/DC converter 1230 works based on the second output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is less than or equal to the preset value U b2 .
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is greater than the fourth threshold and less than the third threshold, the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on, and the battery is preferentially charged by an AC power source.
  • U bus ⁇ U balance ⁇ U b2 adjust the output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b2 .
  • the second DC/DC is turned on The converter 1230, so that the energy storage unit 1240 charges the battery at the same time, adjusts the output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 to increase from 0 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b2 .
  • the AC power supply is preferentially used to charge the battery, and when there is a large difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage, the energy storage unit is turned on, so that the energy storage unit and the AC power supply Charge the battery together, so that the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage are kept in balance, so that the charging and discharging device can charge the battery in a stable state.
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is less than the fourth threshold.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to charge the battery from the AC power through the first DC/DC converter 1220 and the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the bus voltage U bus is less than the bus balance voltage U balance and the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance exceeds the preset value U b2 , adjust The output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 to the third output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 , the third output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 is less than the maximum output power P MAXAC/DC2 of the AC/DC converter 1210 .
  • the difference between the bus voltage U bus and the bus balance voltage U balance is less than or equal to the preset value U b2 .
  • the SOC of the energy storage unit 1240 is less than the fourth threshold, and the energy storage unit 1240 does not use the excess power to charge the battery, so the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to charge the battery only through the AC power supply , and control the second DC/DC converter 1230 to be in an off state, so as to prohibit using the energy storage unit 1240 to charge the battery.
  • the AC/DC converter 1210 is turned on to charge the battery only through the AC power supply , and control the second DC/DC converter 1230 to be in an off state, so as to prohibit using the energy storage unit 1240 to charge the battery.
  • U bus ⁇ U balance ⁇ U b2 adjust the output power of the AC/DC converter 1210 until the difference between U bus and U balance is less than U b2 .
  • the input power and output power of the bidirectional AC/DC converter 1210, the first DC/DC converter 1220, and the second DC/DC converter 1230 shall not exceed their respective maximum input power and maximum output power.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the adjustment method of the output power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 and the AC/DC converter 1210, for example, the AC/DC converter 1610 can be gradually increased or decreased according to the preset step size Or the output power or input power of the second DC/DC converter 1230 .
  • the aforementioned AC power source includes but is not limited to a power grid, which can be used to provide three-phase AC power.
  • the power grid can not only provide enough power to charge the battery, but also can receive more power released by the battery.
  • the above-mentioned AC power supply may also be a single-phase AC power supply.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type of the AC power supply.
  • the power conversion unit 1120 can be connected not only to the AC power supply but also to the DC power supply as shown in FIG. A DC converter for current transfer between the battery and the DC power supply.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery charging method.
  • the method 1300 can be applied to a charging and discharging device having a power conversion unit 1120 as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the charging and discharging device includes a bidirectional an AC/DC converter, a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, and a control unit, one end of the second DC/DC converter is connected between the first DC/DC converter and the Between the bidirectional AC/DC converters, the other end is connected to an energy storage unit, the first DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the method includes:
  • Step 1310 Receive the first charging request sent by the BMS of the battery, and according to the first charging request, control the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the battery to the battery through the AC power supply. charging the battery, and/or, controlling the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage unit, wherein the first charging request includes the first charging current.
  • Step 1320 Receive the first discharge request sent by the BMS, and release the power of the battery according to the first discharge request, wherein the first discharge request includes a first discharge current, and the first discharge request is When the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the discharge current sent by the BMS.
  • Step 1330 Receive the second charging request sent by the BMS, and according to the second charging request, control the bidirectional AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the charging the battery, and/or, controlling the second DC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage unit, wherein the second charging request
  • the second charging current is included, and the second charging request is the charging current sent by the BMS when the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to a first accumulated discharge amount threshold.
  • the method further includes: receiving a second discharge request sent by the BMS, and releasing the power of the battery according to the second discharge request, wherein the second discharge request includes a second discharge current,
  • the second discharge current is when the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the BMS send the discharge current.
  • the method further includes: receiving a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and stopping charging the battery according to the charging stop command, wherein the charging stop command is when a battery cell of the battery When the voltage exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS sends the command.
  • the discharging the electric power of the battery according to the first discharge current includes: controlling the first DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the first discharge request , to discharge the power of the battery to the AC power source; and/or, according to the first discharge request, control the second DC/DC converter to discharge the power of the battery to the storage energy unit.
  • the first discharge request further includes a first discharge voltage
  • the discharging the electric quantity of the battery according to the first discharge current includes: based on the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current , set the input power of the first DC/DC converter; obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit; obtain the bus voltage of the charging and discharging device in real time; if the SOC of the energy storage unit is less than the first threshold, turn on the the second DC/DC converter, so as to discharge the power of the battery to the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter;
  • the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset value, adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter to the The first input power of the second DC/DC converter, the first input power of the second DC/DC converter is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter; wherein, in When the second DC/DC converter works based on the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current , set the input
  • the method further includes: during the process of discharging the battery to the energy storage unit, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset set a value, adjust the input power of the second DC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter, turn on the AC/DC converter, and adjust the input power to the first input power of the AC/DC converter to simultaneously discharge the power of the battery to the AC power source through the AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter; wherein , when the second DC/DC converter operates based on the maximum input power of the second DC/DC converter, and the AC/DC converter operates at the first input power of the AC/DC converter , the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than the second first threshold and less than the second threshold, turning on the AC/DC converter to pass through the first DC/DC converter and the AC/DC converter discharge the power of the battery to the AC power supply; during the process of discharging the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus The difference between the voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the second input power of the AC/DC converter, and the AC/DC converter The second input power is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter is working based on the second input power of the AC/DC converter, the bus voltage and The difference of the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: during the process of discharging the battery to the AC power source, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, turn on the second DC/DC converter, and adjust the second DC/DC the input power of the converter to the second input power of the second DC/DC converter, so as to simultaneously discharge the power of the battery through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to the energy storage unit; wherein the AC/DC converter operates based on the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and the second DC/DC converter operates based on the second DC/DC conversion When the second input power of the converter is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is smaller than the preset value.
  • the method further includes: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a second threshold, turning on the AC/DC converter to convert the first DC/DC converter and the AC/DC
  • the controller discharges the power of the battery to the AC power source, and controls the second DC/DC converter to be turned off, so as to prohibit the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter from The electricity of the battery is discharged to the energy storage unit; during the process of discharging the electricity of the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the bus the balance voltage difference exceeds the preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the third input power of the AC/DC converter, the third input power of the AC/DC converter The power is less than or equal to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter operates based on the third input power of the AC/DC converter, the bus voltage and the bus The balance voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: during the process of discharging the electric power of the battery to the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is greater than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is equal to the bus balance voltage the difference exceeds the preset value, adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and set the input power of the first DC/DC converter to the The maximum input power of the AC/DC converter.
  • the second DC/DC converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter
  • the method further includes: setting the first DC/DC based on the first charging voltage and the first charging current the output power of the converter; obtain the SOC of the energy storage unit; if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a third threshold, turn on the second DC/DC converter to pass through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to charge the battery from the energy storage unit; obtain the bus voltage of the charging and discharging device in real time; during the process of charging the battery by the energy storage unit, if the bus The voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds a preset value, and the output power of the second DC/DC converter is adjusted to the first output power of the second DC/DC converter.
  • the first output power of the second DC/DC converter is less than or equal to the maximum output power of the second DC/DC converter; wherein, the second DC/DC converter is based on the When the first output power of the second DC/DC converter is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset voltage value.
  • the method further includes: during the process of charging the battery by the energy storage unit, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is exceeding a preset value, adjusting the output power of the second DC/DC converter to the maximum output power of the second DC/DC converter, turning on the AC/DC converter, and adjusting the AC/DC conversion the output power of the AC/DC converter to the first output power of the AC/DC converter, so as to simultaneously charge the battery by the AC power source through the AC/DC converter and the first DC/DC converter; wherein , when the second DC/DC converter operates based on the maximum output power of the second DC/DC converter, and the AC/DC converter operates at the first output power of the AC/DC converter , the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is greater than a fourth threshold and less than a third threshold, turning on the AC/DC converter to pass through the first DC/DC converter and the The AC/DC converter charges the battery from the AC power source; during the process of charging the battery from the AC power source, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the bus voltage is the same as the When the difference of the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, the output power of the AC/DC converter is adjusted to the second output power of the AC/DC converter, and the second output power of the AC/DC converter is less than or equal to the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter operates based on the second output power of the AC/DC converter, the bus voltage is balanced with the bus The voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: during the process of charging the battery by the AC power source, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage exceeds the preset value, adjust the output power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter, turn on the second DC/DC converter, and adjust the second DC/DC the output power of the converter to the second output power of the second DC/DC converter, so as to be simultaneously supplied by the energy storage unit through the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter The battery is charged; wherein, when the AC/DC converter is operating based on the maximum output power of the AC/DC converter, and the second DC/DC converter is based on the second DC/DC converter's When the second output power is working, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is smaller than the preset value.
  • the method further includes: if the SOC of the energy storage unit is less than a fourth threshold, turning on the AC/DC converter to convert the first DC/DC converter and the AC/DC The battery is charged by the AC power supply; during the process of charging the battery by the AC power supply, if the bus voltage is less than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage value exceeds the preset value, adjust the input power of the AC/DC converter to the third output power of the AC/DC converter, the third output power of the AC/DC converter is less than the The maximum output power of the AC/DC converter; wherein, when the AC/DC converter operates based on the third output power of the AC/DC converter, the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is less than or equal to the preset value.
  • the method further includes: during the process of charging the battery by the AC power source, if the bus voltage is lower than the bus balance voltage and the difference between the bus voltage and the bus balance voltage is greater than The preset value, adjusting the input power of the AC/DC converter to the maximum input power of the AC/DC converter, and setting the output power of the first DC/DC converter to the AC/DC The maximum input power of the converter.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device 1400 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an electronic device 1400 includes a memory 1410 and a processor 1420, wherein the memory 1410 is used to store a computer program, and the processor 1420 is used to read the computer program and execute the aforementioned various tasks of the present application based on the computer program. Example method.
  • the electronic device 1400 can be used for any one or more of BMS and charging and discharging device.
  • the processor in the BMS in addition to the processor in the charging and discharging device reading the corresponding computer program and executing the charging method corresponding to the charging and discharging device in the above various embodiments based on the computer program, the processor in the BMS can also read The corresponding computer program executes the charging method corresponding to the BMS in the foregoing various embodiments based on the computer program.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium for storing a computer program, and the computer program is used to execute the methods in the foregoing various embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer program may be a computer program in the above charging and discharging device and/or BMS.
  • sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not be used in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.

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Abstract

一种充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统，能够保证电池的安全性能。充放电装置（1100）包括：双向AC/DC转换器（1210）、第一DC/DC转换器（1220）、第二DC/DC转换器（1230）、控制单元（1110）；控制单元用于：接收BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据第一充电请求，控制双向AC/DC转换器和第一DC/DC转换器，以通过交流电源向电池（121）充电，和/或，控制第二DC/DC转换器和第一DC/DC转换器，以通过储能单元（1240）向电池充电；接收BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据第一放电请求，释放电池的电量；接收BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据第二充电请求，控制双向AC/DC转换器和第一DC/DC转换器，以通过交流电源向电池充电，和/或，控制第二DC/DC转换器和第一DC/DC转换器，以通过储能单元向电池充电。

Description

充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统。
背景技术
随着时代的发展，电动汽车由于其高环保性、低噪音、使用成本低等优点，具有巨大的市场前景且能够有效促进节能减排，有利社会的发展和进步。
对于电动汽车及其相关领域而言，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素，尤其是电池的安全性能，影响电池相关产品的发展和应用，且影响大众对电动汽车的接受度。因此，如何保证电池的安全性能，是一个待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种充放电装置、电池充电的方法和充放电系统，能够提升电池的充电速度、缩短充电时间。
第一方面，提供了一种充放电装置，包括包括双向AC/DC转换器、第一DC/DC转换器、第二DC/DC转换器、以及控制单元，所述第二DC/DC转换器的一端连接在所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器之间，另一端连接有储能单元，所述第一DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器。
其中，所述控制单元用于：接收电池的BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据所述第一充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第一充电请求包括第一充电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据所述第一放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，所述第一放电请求是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据所述第二充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，所述第二充电请求是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第 一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
基于该技术方案，在对电池进行充电的过程中，控制单元通过控制双向AC/DC转换器、第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器，以使充放电装置能够基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流对电池交替进行充电和放电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。
并且，由于充放电装置还包括第二DC/DC转换器，并且连接有储能单元，电池可以将其电量释放至交流电源和/或该储能单元，从而提升了充放电装置的输出能力，更有效地对电池交替进行充电和放电，避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。
另外，当第二DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器时，储能单元还可以用于向电池充电，从而提升充放电装置的充电效率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第二放电请求，根据所述第二放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第二放电请求包括第二放电电流，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
该实施例中，通过BMS和充放电装置之间的信息交互，完成对电池的充电、放电以及再次充电之后，可进一步地对电池进行再次放电。这样，可以进一步提供一种多次循环的充放电方法，充电和放电过程依次循环进行，在保证电池性能的基础上，实现对电池的逐步充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，根据所述充电停止命令，停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；和/或，根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一放电请求还包括第一放电电压，所述控制单元具体用于：基于所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率；获取所述储能单元的SOC；实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；若所述储能单元的SOC小于第一阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输入功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基 于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述交流电源；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC较小时，优先将电池的电量释放至储能单元，以补充储能单元中存储的电量，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压相差较大时，再将电池的电量同时释放至交流电源，由交流电源和储能单元一起接收电池释放的电量，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行放电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第一阈值且小于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述储能单元；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC在合适的范围时，优先将电池的电量释放至交流电源，以避免储能单元中存储的电量超过其容量，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，再将电池的电量同时释放至储能单元，由储能单元和交流电源一起接收电池释放的电量，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行放电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源，并控制所述第二DC/DC转换器关闭，以禁止通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC较大时，将电池的电量仅释放至交流电源，以避免储能单元中存储的电量超过其容量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器，所述第一充电请求还包括第一充电电压，所述控制单元具体用于：基于所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率；获取所述储能单元的SOC；若所述储能单元的SOC大于第三阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元向所述电池充电；实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输出功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设电压值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器由所述交流电源同时为所述电池充电；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC较大时，优先使用储能单元向电池充电，以释 放储能单元中存储的电量，为后续接收电池释放的电量做准备，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，开启交流电源，以由交流电源和储能单元一起向电池充电，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元同时为所述电池充电；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC在合适的范围时，优先使用交流电源向电池充电，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，开启储能单元，以由储能单元和交流电源一起向电池充电，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：若所述储能单元的SOC小于第四阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输出功率小于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值大于所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
该实施例中，当储能单元的SOC较小时，仅使用交流电源向电池充电，以节省储能单元中存留的电量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
该实施例中，在保证电池的安全性能的基础上，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间，可以实现大电流快速充电，以提高单次充电过程中电池的充电量，实现快速充电的目的。
另外，受限于持续充电过程中锂离子在负极聚集，充电电流也受到了限制，因而无法利用持续的大电流实现对电池的快速充电，而该实施例中，利用大电流对电池进行充电，且在一次大电流充电后对电池进行放电，释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，进而后续可以再次利用大电流对电池进行充电，以实现电池的快速充电。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
该实施例中，第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间，以实现小电流放电，旨在通过电池小电流的放电，释放聚集于电池负极的锂离子，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于或等于10％。
该实施例中，设置放电过程中的累积放电量阈值以及充电过程中的累积充电量阈值的比例，可以更好的控制充电过程中电池的充电量和放电过程中电池的放电量，使得放电量较小，不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
该实施例中，第一充电电流、第二充电电流和第一放电电流中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，提升电池的充电效率和/或放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元具体用于：定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一放电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第二充电电流。
该实施例中，充放电装置在对电池进行单次充电和/或单次放电的过程中，充电电流和/或放电电流是BMS定期发送的。一方面，可以定期调整充电电流和/或放电电流，以提高充放电效率，另一方面，还可以通过该定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，向充放电装置指示BMS和电池的状态正常，以便充放电装置继续对电池进行充电或控制电池放电，以保证电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一BCL报文中；和/ 或，接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二BCL报文中；和/或，接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第二BCL报文中。
该实施例中，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信可兼容现有的充电机和BMS之间的通信协议，因此，使得本申请各个实施例中的方法更易实现，具有良好的应用前景。
第二方面，提供了一种充放电方法，应用于上述第一方面或第一方面的任一可能的实现方式中的充放电装置，所述充放电装置包括AC/DC转换器、第一直流/直流DC/DC转换器、第二DC/DC转换器、以及控制单元，所述第二DC/DC转换器的一端连接在所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器之间，另一端连接有储能单元，所述第一DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器。
其中，所述方法包括：接收电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据所述第一充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第一充电请求包括第一充电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据所述第一放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，所述第一放电请求是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据所述第二充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，所述第二充电请求是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
第三方面，提供了一种充放电装置，包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用所述计算机程序，执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的任一可能的实现方式中的方法。
第四方面，提供了一种充放电系统，包括：电池的BMS；以及上述第一方面或第一方面的任一可能的实现方式中的充放电装置。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电池的充电电流和放电电流的示意性波形图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的流程交互图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理系统BMS的示意性结构框图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种充放电装置的示意性结构框图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一充放电装置的示意性结构框图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的充放电装置中功率转换单元的示意性结构框图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图14是本申请一个实施例的电子装置的示意性结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电装置(例如车辆、船舶或航天器等)的主要动力源，而储能电池可作为用电装置的充电来源，二者的重要性均不言而喻。作为示例而非限定，在一些应用场景中，动力电池可为用电装置中的电池，储能电池可为充电装置中的电池。为了便于描述，在下文中，动力电池和储能电池均可统称为电池。
目前，市面上的电池多为可充电的蓄电池，最常见的是锂电池，例如锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池等等。在充电过程中，一般采用持续充电的方式对电池进行充电，而对电池进行持续充电会造成电池的析锂、发热等现象的发生，其中，析锂、发热等现象不仅会使电池性能下降，循环寿命大幅缩短，还限制了电池的快充容量，并有可能引起燃烧、爆炸等灾难性后果，造成严重的安全问题。
为了保证电池的安全性能，本申请提出一种新的电池的充电方法和充电系统。
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图。
如图1所示，该充电系统100可包括：充放电装置110和电池系统120，可选地，该电池系统120可为电动汽车(包含纯电动汽车和可插电的混合动力电动汽车)中的电池系统或者其它应用场景下的电池系统。
可选地，电池系统120中可设置有至少一个电池包(battery pack)，该至少一个电池包的整体可统称为电池121。从电池的种类而言，该电池121可以是任意类型的电池，包括但不限于：锂离子电池、锂金属电池、锂硫电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、或者锂空气电池等等。从电池的规模而言，本申请实施例中的电池121可以是电芯/电池单体(cell)，也可以是电池模组或电池包，电池模组或电池包均可由多个电池串并联形成，在本申请实施例中，电池121的具体类型和规模均不做具体限定。
此外，为了智能化管理及维护该电池121，防止电池出现过充电和过放电，延长电池的使用寿命，电池系统120中一般还设置有电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)122，用于监控电池121的状态。可选地，该BMS 122可以与电池121集成设置于同一设备/装置中，或者，该BMS 122也可作为独立的设备/装置设置于电池121之外。
具体地，充放电装置110是一种为电池系统120中的电池121补充电能和/或控制电池121放电的装置。
可选地，本申请实施例中的充放电装置110可以为普通充电桩、超级充电桩、支持汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式的充电桩，或者可以对电池进行充和/或放电的充放电装置/设备等。本申请实施例对充放电装置110的具体类型和具体应用场景不做限定。
可选地，如图1所示，充放电装置110可通过电线130连接于电池121，且通过通信线140连接于BMS 122，其中，通信线140用于实现充放电装置110以及BMS之间的信息交互。
作为示例，该通信线140包括但不限于是控制器局域网(control area network，CAN)通信总线或者菊花链(daisy chain)通信总线。
可选地，充放电装置110除了可通过通信线140与BMS 122进行通信以外，还可以通过无线网络与BMS 122进行通信。本申请实施例对充放电装置与BMS 122的有线通信类型或无线通信类型均不做具体限定。
图2示出了本申请实施例提出的一种电池充电的方法200的流程交互图。可选地，本申请实施例的方法200可适用于上文图1所示的充放电装置110和电池系统120。
如图2所示，该电池充电的方法200可包括以下步骤。
步骤210：BMS获取第一充电电流。
步骤220：BMS向充放电装置发送第一充电电流。
步骤230：充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电。
步骤240：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流。
步骤250：BMS向充放电装置发送第一放电电流。
步骤260：充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电。
在本申请实施例中，提供了一种可实现于充放电装置以及BMS之间的充电方法，在对电池进行充电的过程中，充放电装置可基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，避免持续对电池充电，从而避免电池因持续充电 造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题。由于发热会造成电池温度上升，锂离子聚集产生的结晶物可能会刺穿电池，引发电解液泄露造成电池短路，电池温度上升和电池短路等均可能会造成电池的安全问题，例如引发电池燃烧或爆炸等。因此，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，充放电装置基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，可以保证电池的安全性能。另外，持续充电的过程中，锂离子持续聚集也会造成析锂问题，影响电池的使用寿命和充电能力，因此，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，也可保证电池的使用寿命和充电容量。
具体地，在步骤210至步骤230中，BMS可先进入充电模式以控制充放电装置对电池充电，首先，BMS获取第一充电电流，在BMS向充放电装置发送第一充电电流后，充放电装置基于接收的第一充电电流对电池充电。
可选地，BMS可从其自身的功能单元(例如，存储单元或者处理单元)中获取第一充电电流，或者，BMS也可从其它装置获取第一充电电流。在一些实施方式中，该第一充电电流可为预设电流，该预设电流可以为固定值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第一充电电流也可为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该第一充电电流随电池的状态参数的变化而变化。
可选地，充放电装置可连接于电源，该电源可为交流电源和/或直流电源，充放电装置接收第一充电电流的信息后，基于第一充电电流，通过交流电源和/或直流电源对电池充电。
进一步地，当充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的第一累积充电量，并判断该第一累积充电量是否大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值，若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流。
具体地，如上文图1中对于电池的说明可知，电池可包括一个或多个电池单体，BMS可通过监控电池中一个或多个电池单体的电压，以监控该电池是否达到满充状态。可选地，若电池包括多个电池单体，则多个电池单体的电压可能不同，在该情况下，可通过判断电池单体的最大电压是否超过电池单体的满充电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态。或者，在其它方式中，除了电池单体的最大电压以外，也可利用电池中电池单体的其它电压，判断电池是否达到满充状态。
在电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，即电池未达到满充状态的前提下，若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值，BMS获取第一放电电流，即对于电池来说，由充电模式转入放电模式。
可选地，上述的第一累积充电量可以为第一累积充电容量或者也可以为第一累积充电电量。对应的，若第一累积充电量为第一累积充电容量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第一累积充电容量阈值，若第一累积充电量为第一累积充电电量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第一累积充电电量阈值。
在一些实施方式中，上述的第一累积充电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第一累积充电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确定， 即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第一累积充电量阈值也随之变化，通过该实施方式，第一累积充电量阈值可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的充电过程，提升电池的充电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
进一步地，在步骤240至步骤260中，BMS获取第一放电电流，并将该第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，充放电装置基于接收到的第一放电电流控制电池放电。
可选地，BMS可从其自身的功能单元，例如存储单元或者处理单元中获取第一放电电流，或者，BMS也可从其它装置获取第一放电电流。在一些实施方式中，该第一放电电流可为预设电流，该预设电流可以为固定值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第一放电电流也可为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该第一放电电流随电池的状态参数的变化而变化。在一些实施方式中，在放电模式或放电阶段，可将电池的电传输至储能装置中和/或电网，有利于电能的循环利用。该储能装置可以设置于充放电装置中也可设置于充放电装置以外，旨在使得其可接收电池的放电电流，本申请实施例对储能装置的具体设置不做限定。可选的，在放电模式，也可将电池的电量用其他方式消耗，本申请实施例对消耗电能的具体方式不做限定。
进一步地，在充放电装置控制电池放电的过程中，BMS可获取电池在放电过程中的第一累积放电量，并判断该第一累积放电量是否大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值。
可选地，上述的第一累积放电量可以为第一累积放电容量或者也可以为第一累积放电电量。对应的，若第一累积放电量为第一累积放电容量，则第一累积放电量阈值为第一累积放电容量阈值，若第一累积放电量为第一累积放电电量，则第一累积放电量阈值为第一累积放电电量阈值。
在一些实施方式中，上述的第一累积放电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第一累积放电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确定，即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第一累积放电量阈值也随之变化，通过该实施方式，第一累积放电量阈值可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的放电过程，提升电池的放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
当第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，充放电装置控制电池停止放电。
通过上述过程，充放电装置基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。另外，基于第一充电电流对电池充电至第一累计充电量后再基于第一放电电流将电池的电量释放到第一累计放电量，可以释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，防止持续充电中产生的析锂问题，从而提升电池的使用寿命和充电能力。
对于电池充电来说，在经过一次充电以及一次放电之后，可继续对电池进行第二次充电，以继续对电池进行充电。
可选地，如图2所示，本申请实施例中的电池充电的方法200还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤270：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取第二充电电流。
步骤280：BMS向充放电装置发送第二充电电流。
步骤290：充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
具体地，在上述步骤270至步骤290中，BMS判断电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，BMS获取第二充电电流，并将该第二充电电流发送至充放电装置，充放电装置基于接收的第二充电电流继续对电池充电，即对于电池来说，由放电模式重新进入充电模式。可选地，该步骤270至步骤290的其它相关技术方案可以参见上文中步骤210至步骤230的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
可理解的，在上述申请实施例中，对电池进行充放电除了上述充放电所需的电流信息，还需要充放电所需的电压信息，例如，在步骤210至230中：BMS获取第一充电电流和第一充电电压，并向充放电装置发送该第一充电电流和第一充电电压，该充放电装置用于基于该第一充电电流和第一充电电压对电池充电；在步骤240至260中，BMS获取第一放电电流和第一放电电压，并向充放电装置发送该第一放电电流和第一放电电压，该充放电装置用于基于该第一放电电流和该第一放电电压对电池放电。后续充放电过程可与上述充放电过程类似，不再赘述。
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法300的流程交互图。
如图3所示，该电池充电的方法300除了包括上述步骤210至步骤290以外，还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤310：若电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第二放电电流。
步骤320：BMS向充放电装置发送第二放电电流。
步骤330：充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电。
在本申请实施例中，通过BMS和充放电装置之间的信息交互，完成对电池的充电、放电以及再次充电、再次放电。按照该方式，本申请实施例可进一步提供一种多次循环的充放电方法，充电和放电过程依次循环进行，在保证电池安全性能的基础上，实现对电池的逐步充电。
具体地，在步骤310中，当充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的第二累积充电量，并判断该第二累积充电量是否大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值。
可选地，该第二累积充电量可以仅为充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池的充电量，或者，该第二累积充电量也可以为电池当前的总充电量，作为示例，该电池当前总的充电量＝基于第一充电电流的充电量+基于第二充电电流的充电量-基于第一放电电流的放电量。对应的，第二累积充电量阈值也可以为基于单次充电的充电量阈值，或者，第二累积充电量阈值也可以为基于总充电量的充电量阈值。
与上文介绍的第一累积充电量和第一累积充电量阈值类似，本申请实施例中， 第二累积充电量可以为第二累积充电容量或者也可以为第二累积充电电量。对应的，若第二累积充电量为第二累积充电容量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第二累积充电容量阈值，若第二累积充电量为第二累积充电电量，则第二累积充电量阈值为第二累积充电电量阈值。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，上述的第二累积充电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第二累积充电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确定，即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第二累积充电量阈值也随之变化。
进一步地，在步骤310中，当第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值，且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS获取第二放电电流。且在步骤320至步骤330中，BMS将该第二放电电流发送给充放电装置，且充放电装置基于接收到的第二放电电流控制电池放电。
具体地，上述步骤中的其它相关技术方案可以参见上文步骤240至步骤260的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
作为示例，图4示出了一种本申请实施例提供的电池的充电电流和放电电流的示意性波形图。
如图4所示，从t1至t2时段，充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电，充电至该电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且该电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，从t2至t3时段，充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电，放电至该电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，可选的，第一放电电流的持续时间可小于第一充电电流的持续时间。从t3至t4时段，充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池继续充电，充电至该电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且该电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，从t4至t5时段，充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电，放电至该电池的第二累积放电量大于或等于第二累积放电量阈值，可选的，第二充电电流的持续时间可小于第一充电电流的持续时间。可以理解的，上述充放过程持续进行直至该电池充满。
需要说明的是，图4中仅示意性的示出了第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流的波形图，第一充电电流在t1至t2可为如图4所示的恒定电流，或者也可以为随时间变化的变化电流，类似地，第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流可为如图4所示的恒定电流，或者也可以为随时间变化的变化电流。另外，图4中示意性的示出的第一充电电流和第二充电电流的大小相同，第一放电电流和第二放电电流的大小相同，除此之外，第一充电电流和第二充电电流的大小也可以不同，第一放电电流和第二放电电流的大小也可以不同，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法500的流程交互图。
如图5所示，该电池充电的方法500除了包括上述步骤210至步骤290以外，还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤510：若电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS向充放电 装置发送充电停止命令。
步骤520：充放电装置停止对电池充电。
具体地，如上文所述，BMS可通过监控电池中一个或多个电池单体的电压，以监控该电池是否达到满充状态。可选地，在一些实施方式中，可通过判断电池单体的最大电压是否超过电池单体的满充电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态。当电池单体的最大电压超过电池单体的满充电压，则说明电池达到满充状态，BMS此时向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，该充电停止命令用于指示充放电装置停止对电池充电，以使得充放电装置停止对电池充电。
可选地，该步骤510和步骤520可在电池的充电阶段执行，换言之，当BMS进入充电模式，且充放电装置接收BMS发送的充电电流后，对电池进行充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的电池单体的电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态，一旦电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，则BMS向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，以使得充放电装置停止对电池充电。
因此，图5仅示意性的示出了步骤510和步骤520执行于步骤290之后，即执行于第二次充电过程中，可以理解的是，该步骤510和步骤520还可以执行于多次充放电的任意一次充电过程中。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，由于利用了充放电装置对电池进行充电、放电以及再次充电，可以防止持续充电对电池引发的安全问题，进一步地，上述方法中的充电电流可以为大电流，以提高单次充电过程中电池的充电量，实现快速充电的目的。
另外，受限于持续充电过程中锂离子在负极聚集，充电电流也受到了限制，因而无法利用持续的大电流实现对电池的快速充电，而本申请实施例的技术方案，利用大电流对电池进行充电，且在一次大电流充电后对电池进行放电，释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，进而后续可以再次利用大电流对电池进行充电，以实现电池的快速充电。
具体地，在上述方法中，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可以为大电流，此外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电后，后续充电过程的充电电流也可为大电流。
可选地，为了实现大电流快速充电，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
进一步地，本申请实施例中放电电流为小电流，旨在通过电池小电流的放电，释放聚集于电池负极的锂离子，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
具体地，上述方法中的第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流可以为小电流，此外，在充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电后，后续放电过程的放电电流也可为小电流。
可选地，为了实现小电流放电，第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流的充电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
可选地，在上述方法中，为了更好的控制充电过程中电池的充电量和放电过程中电池的放电量，可设置放电过程中的累积放电量阈值以及充电过程中的累积充电量 阈值的比例，以使得放电量较小，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
作为示例，在上述方法中，第一累积放电量阈值与第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％，和/或，第二累积放电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的累积放电量阈值与累积充电量阈值之比也可小于等于10％。
需要说明的是，上述比例10％还可以随着应用场景以及应用需求的变化而调整，本申请对于该比例的具体数值不做限定。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，BMS获取的第一充电电流和第二充电电流可以相同或不同。该第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可以为预设的电流，或者，该第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，当电池的状态参数发生变化，则第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可为不同状态参数下对应的不同电流。其中，电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)和电池健康状态(state of health，SOH)等。
类似的，BMS获取的第一放电电流和第二放电电流可以相同或者不同。该第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流可以为预设的电流，或者，该第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。
若第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流时，其可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，提升电池的充电效率和/或放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中充电电流和/或放电电流同样可为预设的电流，或者，也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。
图6示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法600的流程交互图。
基于上文图2所示的方法200，如图6所示，上文步骤210可包括：
步骤610：BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一充电电流。
上文步骤240可包括：
步骤640：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流。
上文步骤270可包括：
步骤670：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第二充电电流。
除此之外，本申请实施例中方法600的其它步骤可参见上文图2所示实施例的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
具体地，本申请实施例中，第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流均为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。在不同时段，BMS可获取电池不同的状态参数，并根据该状态参数确定当前的充电电流和放电电流。
可选地，根据电池的状态参数确定充电电流和放电电流可有多种实现方式，作为一种示例，可获取电池的状态参数与充电电流、放电电流的映射关系，根据该映射关系，通过电池的状态参数确定具体的充电电流和放电电流，其中，该映射关系可以是由大量的实验数据拟合得到的映射关系，具有较高的可信度和准确度，该映射关系具体可为映射表，映射图或者映射公式等等。此外，在其它示例中，还可根据大量的实验数据训练专用的神经网络模型，该神经网络模型可根据输入的电池的状态参数，输出充电电流和放电电流。
可选地，除了充电电流和放电电流以外，在上述方法实施例中，第一累积充电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值可以相同或者不同。第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值可以相同或者不同。该第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种可为预设阈值。或者，该第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的累积放电量阈值与累积充电量阈值可以为预设阈值或者也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值。
通过上述申请实施例，若第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值时，其可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的充电过程和/或放电过程，保证充电量和放电量，实现电池的高效充电。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种可为BMS定期或不定期获取的电流，作为一种示例，第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种可为BMS定期或不定期根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该电流随着电池的状态参数的变化而随之变化，具体地，BMS可定期获取电池的状态参数，从而确定第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种；或者，BMS实时获取电池的状态参数，当状态参数不定期变化时，BMS根据不定期变化的状态参数确定第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种。
进一步地，在此基础上，BMS定期或不定期向充放电装置发送该第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种，以使得充放电装置基于定期发送的电流对电池充电或控制电池放电。
在该实现方式中，充放电装置在对电池进行单次充电和/或单次放电的过程中，充电电流和/或放电电流是BMS定期或不定期发送的，一方面，可以通过该实施方式，定期或不定期调整充电电流和/或放电电流，以提高充放电效率，另一方面，还可以通过该定期或不定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，表示BMS和电池的状态正常，充放电装置可继续对电池进行充电或控制电池放电。因此，在该实施方式中，若充放电装置未接收到BMS定期或不定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，充放电装置可停止对电池充电和/或停止控制电池放电，以保证电池的安全性能。
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法700的流程交互图。
基于上文图2所示的方法200，如图7所示，上文步骤210可包括：
步骤710：BMS定期获取第一充电电流。
上文步骤220可包括：
步骤720：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第一充电电流。
上文步骤240可包括：
步骤740：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，定期获取第一放电电流。
上文步骤250可包括：
步骤750：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第一放电电流。
上文步骤270可包括：
步骤770：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，定期获取第二充电电流。
上文步骤280可包括：
步骤780：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第二充电电流。
除此之外，本申请实施例中方法700的其它步骤可参见上文图2所示实施例的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
在本申请实施例中，BMS可定期获取第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流。对应的，BMS可定期向充放电装置发送第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流。
可理解的，在上述实施例中，对电池进行充放电除了上述充放电所需的电流信息，还需要充放电所需的电压信息，充放电所需的电压的获取方式对本申请实施例不造成任何限定。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信可兼容现有的充电机和BMS之间的通信协议，因此，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信便于实现，且具有良好的应用前景。
具体地，在上述方法实施例的基础上，BMS还可获取第一充电电压、第二充电电压、第一放电电压和第二放电电压中的至少一种，并将该第一充电电压、第二充电电压、第一放电电压和第二放电电压中的至少一种发送给充放电装置，其中，该第一充电电流、第一充电电压携带于第一电池充电需求报文(BCL报文)中，和/或，第一放电电流、第一放电电压携带于第二BCL报文中，和/或，第二充电电流、第二充电电压携带于第三BCL报文中，和/或，第二放电电流、第二放电电压携带于第四BCL报文中。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的充电电流、充电电压、放电电流与放电电压也可以携带于BCL报文中，通过BMS发送给充放电装置。
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法800的流程交互图。
如图8所示，该电池充电的方法800可包括以下步骤。
步骤810：BMS获取第一充电电流和第一充电电压。
步骤820：BMS向充放电装置发送第一BCL报文，该第一BCL报文携带第一充电电流和第一充电电压。
步骤830：充放电装置基于第一充电电流和第一充电电压对电池充电。
步骤840：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流和第一放电电压。
步骤850：BMS向充放电装置发送第二BCL报文，该第二BCL报文携带第一放电电流和第二放电电压。
步骤860：充放电装置基于第一放电电流和第二放电电压控制电池放电。
步骤870：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取第二充电电流和第二充电电压。
步骤880：BMS向充放电装置发送第三BCL报文，该第三BCL报文携带第二充电电流和第二充电电压。
步骤890：充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二充电电压对电池充电。
在本申请实施例中，利用现有的充电机和BMS之间的通信协议中的电池充电需求BCL报文，BMS向充放电装置发送充电电流和放电电流，且充放电装置基于接收的充电电流和放电电流对电池充电或者控制电池放电。
可选地，在BCL报文中，充电电压(包括上述的第一充电电压和第二充电电压)与放电电压(包括上述的第一放电电压和第二放电电压)的范围不同，且充电电流(包括上述的第一充电电流和第二充电电流)与放电电流(包括上述的第一放电电流和第二放电电流)的范围不同，充放电装置接收到的BCL报文中，可通过其中携带的电压和电流的大小，判断其属于充电电压和充电电流，还是属于放电电压和放电电流。
可选地，BMS可根据电池的状态参数确定充电电压和放电电压，或者，该充电电压和放电电压也可为预设电压值。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，BMS可定期获取充电电流和充电电压，且定期向充放电装置发送携带有该充电电流和充电电压的BCL报文，类似地，BMS也可定期获取放电电流和放电电压，且定期向充放电装置发送携带有该放电电流和放电电压的BCL报文。在该实施方式中，BCL报文的定期发送方式可与现有标准中BCL报文的定期发送方式相同。
上述实施例中以充放电电流和/或电压的信息交互报文为例进行说明的，可以理解的，为了实现对电池进行充放电，除了充放电阶段的处理外，还可以包含充放电前的车与充电机的握手交互、充放电的参数配置交互等，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选的，充电机和BMS之间的通信协议包括汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式和电网对汽车(grid to vehicle，G2V)模式下的通信协议。
上文结合图2至图8说明了本申请提供的电池充电的方法的具体实施例，下面，结合图9至图12说明本申请提供的相关装置的具体实施例，可以理解的是，下述各装置实施例中的相关描述可以参考前述各方法实施例，为了简洁，不再赘述。
图9示出了本申请一个实施例的电池管理系统BMS 900的示意性结构框图。如图9所示，该BMS 900包括：获取单元910，发送单元920和处理单元930。
在本申请的一个实施例中，获取单元910用于获取第一充电电流；发送单元920用于将第一充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电；处理单元930用于确定电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，获取单元910还用于获取第一放电电流；发送单元920还用于将第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电；可选地，处理单元930还用于确定电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，获取单元910还用于获取第二充电电流；发送单元920还用于将第二充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
可选地，处理单元930还用于确定电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，获取单元910还用于获取第二放电电流；发送单元920还用于将第二放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电。
可选地，处理单元930还用于确定电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，发送单元920还用于向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，充电停止命令用于指示充放电装置停止对电池充电。
可选地，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C。
可选地，第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C。
可选地，第一累积放电量阈值与第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％，和/或，第二累积放电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
可选地，获取单元910用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一充电电流；和/或，获取单元910用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流；和/或，获取单元910用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流；其中，电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
可选地，获取单元910用于定期获取第一充电电流，发送单元920用于将第一充电电流定期发送给充放电装置；和/或，获取单元910用于定期获取第一放电电流，发送单元920用于将第一放电电流定期发送给充放电装置；和/或，获取单元910用于定期获取第二充电电流，发送单元920用于将第二充电电流定期发送给充放电装置。
可选地，获取单元910还用于获取第一充电电压，发送单元920还用于将第一充电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第一充电电流和第一充电电压携带于第一BCL报文中；和/或，获取单元910还用于获取第一放电电压，发送单元920还用于将第一放电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第一放电电流和第一放电电压携带于第二BCL报文中；和/或，发送单元920还用于获取第二充电电压，发送单元920还用于将第二充电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第二充电电流和第二充电电压携带于第三BCL报文中，和/或，获取单元910还用于获取第二放电电压，发送单元920还用于将第二放电电压 发送给充放电装置，其中，第二放电电流和第二放电电压携带于第四BCL报文中。
图10示出了本申请一个实施例的充放电装置1000的示意性结构框图。如图10所示，该充放电装置1000包括：接收单元1010和处理单元1020。
在本申请的一个实施例中，接收单元1010用于接收电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流；处理单元1020用于基于第一充电电流对电池充电；接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第一放电电流，处理单元1020还用于基于第一放电电流控制电池放电，其中，第一放电电流是当电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的放电电流；接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第二充电电流，处理单元1020还用于基于第二充电电流对电池充电，其中，第二充电电流是当电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，BMS发送的充电电流。
可选地，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第二放电电流，处理单元1020还用于基于第二放电电流控制电池放电，其中，第二放电电流是当电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的放电电流。
可选地，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的充电停止命令，处理单元1020用于停止对电池充电，其中，充电停止命令是当电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的命令。
可选地，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C。
可选地，第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C。
可选地，第一累积放电量阈值与第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％，和/或，第二累积放电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
可选地，第一充电电流、第一放电电流与第二充电电流中的至少一项是BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；其中，电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
可选地，接收单元1010用于定期接收BMS发送的第一充电电流；和/或，接收单元1010用于定期接收BMS发送的第一放电电流；和/或，接收单元1010用于定期接收BMS发送的第二充电电流。
可选地，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，第一充电电压和第一充电电流携带于第一BCL报文中；和/或，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，第一放电电压和第一放电电流携带于第二BCL报文中；和/或，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，第二充电电压和第二充电电流携带于第三BCL报文中；和/或，接收单元1010还用于接收BMS发送的第二放电电压，其中，第二放电电压和第二放电电流携带于第四BCL报文中。
上文结合图2至图10说明了本申请提供基于充放电装置和BMS之间的信息交互实现的电池充电的方法和装置实施例，对于充放电装置而言，其可通过不同的硬件架构实现对电池的充电并控制电池的放电。
图11示出了本申请实施例提供的另一充放电装置的示意性结构框图。
如图11所示，充放电装置1100可包括控制单元1110和功率转换单元1120。
在一种实施方式中，控制单元1110用于接收BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于第一充电电流，控制功率转换单元1120对电池充电；控制单元1110还用于接收BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于第一放电电流，控制功率转换单元1120以使得电池放电，其中，第一放电电流是当电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的放电电流；控制单元1110还用于接收BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于第二充电电流，控制功率转换单元1120对电池充电，其中，第二充电电流是当电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，BMS发送的充电电流。
具体地，功率转换单元1120可包括高压器件，用于实现大功率的电能转换，而控制单元1110可包括低压电路，用于实现功率转换单元1120中高压器件的控制功能。除此之外，控制单元1110还可与BMS建立通信连接，例如，作为示例但非限定，控制单元1110可通过通信总线与BMS建立通信连接，或者，控制单元1110也可通过无线网与BMS建立通信连接。
可选地，作为一种示例，图12示出了本申请实施例提供的一种功率转换单元1120的示意性结构框图。图12所示的功率转换单元1120可以应用于上述任一实施例中的充放电装置。
如图12所示，功率转换单元1120可连接于交流(alternating current，AC)电源和电池。其中，功率转换单元1120包括交流/直流(alternating current/direct current，AC/DC)转换器1210、第一直流/直流(direct current/direct current，DC/DC)转换器1220、以及第二DC/DC转换器1230。其中，第二DC/DC转换器1230的一端连接在第一DC/DC转换器1220和AC/DC转换器1210之间，第二DC/DC转换器1230的另一端连接有储能单元1240。
储能单元1240可以作为功率转换单元1120的一部分，也可以作为与功率转换单元1120相互独立的单元并通过电线与功率转换单元1120相连。储能单元1240例如可以是储能电池。
可选地，控制单元1110用于：接收电池的BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据第一充电请求，控制双向AC/DC转换器1210和第一DC/DC转换器1220，以通过交流电源向电池充电，和/或，控制第二DC/DC转换器1230和第一DC/DC转换器1220，以通过储能单元1240向电池充电，其中，第一充电请求包括第一充电电流；接收BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据第一放电请求，释放电池的电量，其中，第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，第一放电请求是当电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的放电电流；接收BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据第二充电请求，控制双向AC/DC转换器1210和第一DC/DC转换器1220，以通过交流电源向电池充电，和/或，控制第二DC/DC转换器1230和第一DC/DC转换器1220，以通过储能单元1240向电池充电，其中，第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，第二充电请求是当电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，BMS发送的充电电流。
可见，在对电池进行充电的过程中，控制单元通过控制双向AC/DC转换器、第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器，以使充放电装置能够基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流对电池交替进行充电和放电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。
并且，由于充放电装置还包括第二DC/DC转换器，并且连接有储能单元，电池可以将其电量释放至交流电源和/或该储能单元，从而提升了充放电装置的输出能力，更有效地对电池交替进行充电和放电，避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。
可选地，控制单元1110还用于：接收BMS发送的第二放电请求，根据第二放电请求，释放电池的电量，其中，第二放电请求包括第二放电电流，第二放电电流是当电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的放电电流。
这样，通过BMS和充放电装置之间的信息交互，完成对电池的充电、放电以及再次充电之后，可进一步地对电池进行再次放电。这样，可以进一步提供一种多次循环的充放电方法，充电和放电过程依次循环进行，在保证电池性能的基础上，实现对电池的逐步充电。
可选地，控制单元1110还用于：接收BMS发送的充电停止命令，根据充电停止命令，停止对电池充电，其中，充电停止命令是当电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS发送的命令。
在一种实现方式中，控制单元1110可以根据储能单元的SOC，控制功率转换单元1120以将电池的电量释放至交流电源和/或储能单元1240。
可选地，控制单元1110具体用于：根据第一放电请求，控制第一DC/DC转换器1220和双向AC/DC转换器1210，以将电池的电量释放至交流电源；和/或，根据第一放电请求，控制第二DC/DC转换器1230，以将电池的电量释放至储能单元1240。
例如，控制单元1110可以根据储能单元的SOC，判断优先将电池的电量释放至交流电源和储能单元中的一个，并根据电池放电时的母线电压Ubus，判断是否开启交流电源和储能单元中的另一个以将电池的电量释放至其中。
在另一种实现方式中，第二DC/DC转换器1230可以为双向DC/DC，除了交流电源可以对电池充电，控制单元1110还可以控制功率转换单元1120，以通过储能单元1240向电池充电。
当第二DC/DC转换器1230为双向DC/DC转换器时，充放电装置可以根据储能单元的SOC，确定是否使用储能单元辅助交流电源一起向电池充电，从而在储能单元存储的电量足够时，提升充放电装置的充电效率。
例如，控制单元1110可以根据储能单元的SOC，判断优先由交流电源和储能单元中的一个向电池充电，并根据充电时的母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance之间的关系，判断是否开启交流电源和储能单元中的另一个以同时向电池充电。
如图12所示，母线电压U bus为第一DC/DC转换器1220的第一端的正负极之间的电压，第一DC/DC转换器1220的第一端是用于连接AC/DC转换器1210和第二DC/DC转换器1230的一端。
母线平衡电压U balance是为充电系统设计的电压，通常可以等于充电系统的额定母线电压。对于三相交流电源而言，例如可以设置为U balance位于650V至850V。
首先，结合以下三种情况，描述电池放电过程中可能的实现方式。
可选地，控制单元1110可以首先基于BMS发送的第一放电电压和第一放电电流，设置第一DC/DC转换器1220的输入功率，并获取储能单元1240的SOC，根据储能单元1240的SOC控制功率转换单元1120，以将电池的电量释放至交流电源和/或储能单元。
可选地，第一充电请求还包括第一充电电压，第一DC/DC转换器1220的输入功率例如可以设置为等于电池的放电需求功率，电池的放电需求功率例如可以是第一放电电流与第一放电电压的乘积。
控制单元1100需要实时获取充放电装置1100的母线电压U bus。例如，用于检测母线电压U bus的检测电路实时检测母线电压，并将检测到的母线电压U bus发送给控制单元1100。母线电压U bus可以按照一定频率来进行实时检测。
情况1
储能单元1240的SOC小于第一阈值。
这时，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和第二DC/DC转换器1230将电池的电量释放至储能单元1240。
在一种实现方式中，在电池向储能单元1240放电的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输入功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输入功率，其中第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输入功率小于或等于第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输入功率P MAXDC/DC21。
其中，在第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输入功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于或等于该预设值U b1。
在另一种实现方式中，在电池向储能单元1240放电的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输入功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输入功率P MAXDC/DC21，开启AC/DC转换器1210，并调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第一输入功率，以通过AC/DC转换器1210和第一DC/DC转换器1220将电池的电量同时释放至交流电源。
其中，在第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输入功率P MAXDC/DC21工作，且AC/DC转换器1210在AC/DC转换器1210的第一输入功率工作时，母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于或等于该预设值U b1。
具体来说，在情况1中，储能单元1240的SOC小于第一阈值，开启第二 DC/DC转换器1230，优先将电池的电量释放至储能单元1240。在电池向储能单元1240放电的过程中，如果U bus＞U balance+U b1，则调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输入功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b1。如果第二DC/DC转换器1230的输入功率被调整至其最大输入功率P MAXDC/DC21时，母线电压U bus仍大于U balance且二者之间的差值超过U b1，则开启AC/DC转换器1210，从而将电池的电量同时释放至交流电源，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率从0开始增加，直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b1。
这样，当储能单元的SOC较小时，优先将电池的电量释放至储能单元，以补充储能单元中存储的电量，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，再将电池的电量同时释放至交流电源，由交流电源和储能单元一起接收电池释放的电量，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行放电。
情况2
储能单元1240的SOC大于第一阈值且小于第二阈值。
第一阈值和第二阈值可以基于储能单元的特定确定，第二阈值例如可以是10％、20％、或者30％，第一阈值例如可以是70％、80％、或者90％。
这时，开启AC/DC转换器1210，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和AC/DC转换器1210将电池的电量释放至交流电源。
在一种实现方式中，在电池向交流电源放电的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第二输入功率，AC/DC转换器1210的第二输入功率小于或等于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率P MAXAC/DC1。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于预设值U b1。
在另一种实现方式中，在电池向交流电源放电的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率至AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率P MAXAC/DC1，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，并调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输入功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的第二输入功率，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和第二DC/DC转换器1230将电池的电量同时释放至储能单元1240。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率工作，且第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的第二输入功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于预设值U b1。
具体来说，在情况2中，储能单元1240的SOC大于第一阈值且小于第二阈值，开启AC/DC转换器1210，优先将电池的电量释放至交流电源。在电池向交流电源放电的过程中，如果U bus＞U balance+U b1，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b1。如果AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率被调整至其最大输入功率P MAXAC/DC1时，母线电压U bus仍大于U balance且二者之间的差值超过U b1，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，从而将电池的电量同时释放至储能单元1240，调整第二DC/DC 转换器1230的输入功率从0开始增加，直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b1。
这样，当储能单元的SOC在合适的范围时，优先将电池的电量释放至交流电源，以避免储能单元中存储的电量超过其容量，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，再将电池的电量同时释放至储能单元，由储能单元和交流电源一起接收电池释放的电量，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行放电。
情况3
储能单元1240的SOC大于第二阈值。
这时，开启AC/DC转换器1210，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和AC/DC转换器1210将电池的电量释放至交流电源，并控制第二DC/DC转换器1230关闭，以禁止通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和第二DC/DC转换器1230将电池的电量释放至储能单元1240。
在一种实现方式中，在将电池的电量释放至交流电源的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第三输入功率，AC/DC转换器1210的所述第三输入功率小于或等于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的第三输入功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于预设值U b1。
在另一种实现方式中，在将电池的电量释放至交流电源的过程中，若母线电压U bus大于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b1，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率至AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率，并设置第一DC/DC转换器1220的输入功率为AC/DC转换器1210的最大输入功率。
具体来说，在情况3中，储能单元1240的SOC大于第二阈值，储能单元1240无法承受多余的电量，因此开启AC/DC转换器1210，将电池的电量仅释放至交流电源，并控制第二DC/DC转换器1230处于关闭状态，以禁止将电池的电量释放至储能单元1240。在电池向交流电源放电的过程中，如果U bus＞U balance+U b1，则调整AC/DC转换器1210的输入功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b1。
这样，当储能单元的SOC较大时，将电池的电量仅释放至交流电源，以避免储能单元中存储的电量超过其容量。
下面，结合以下三种情况，描述电池充电过程中可能的实现方式。
可选地，控制单元1110可以首先基于BMS发送的第一充电电压和第一充电电流，设置第一DC/DC转换器1220的输出功率，并获取储能单元1240的SOC，根据储能单元1240的SOC控制功率转换单元1120，以通过交流电源和/或储能单元向电池充电。
可选地，第一放电请求还包括第一放电电压，第一DC/DC转换器1220的输出功率例如可以设置为等于电池的充电需求功率，电池的充电需求功率例如可以是第一充电电流与第一充电电压的乘积。
控制单元1100需要实时获取充放电装置1100的母线电压U bus。例如，用于检测母线电压U bus的检测电路实时检测母线电压，并将检测到的母线电压U bus发送给控制单元1100。母线电压U bus可以按照一定频率来进行实时检测。
情况1
储能单元1240的SOC大于第三阈值。
这时，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和第二DC/DC转换器1230由储能单元1240向电池充电。
在一种实现方式中，在储能单元1240向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输出功率，第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输出功率小于或等于第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输出功率P MAXDC/DC22。
其中，在第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的第一输出功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于预设值U b2。
在另一种实现方式中，在储能单元1240向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输出功率P MAXDC/DC22，开启AC/DC转换器1210，并调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第一输出功率，以通过AC/DC转换器1210和第一DC/DC转换器1220由交流电源同时为电池充电。
其中，在第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的最大输出功率P MAXDC/DC22工作，且AC/DC转换器1210在AC/DC转换器1210的第一输出功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于预设值U b2。
具体来说，在情况1中，储能单元1240的SOC大于第三阈值，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，优先通过储能单元1240向电池充电。在储能单元1240向电池充电的过程中，如果U bus＜U balance-U b2，则调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b2。如果第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率被调整至其最大输出功率P MAXDC/DC22时，母线电压U bus仍小于U balance且二者之间的差值超过U b，则开启AC/DC转换器1210，从而通过交流电源同时向电池充电，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率从0开始增加，直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b2。
这样，当储能单元的SOC较大时，优先使用储能单元向电池充电，以释放储能单元中存储的电量，为后续接收电池释放的电量做准备，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，开启交流电源，以由交流电源和储能单元一起向电池充电，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行充电。
情况2
储能单元1240的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值。
第三阈值和第四阈值可以基于储能单元的特定确定，第四阈值例如可以是10％、 20％、或者30％，第三阈值例如可以是70％、80％、或者90％。
这时，开启AC/DC转换器1210，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和AC/DC转换器1210由交流电源向电池充电。
在一种实现方式中，在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第二输出功率，AC/DC转换器1210的第二输出功率小于或等于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的第二输出功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于或等于预设值U b2。
在另一种实现方式中，在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率至AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2，开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，并调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率至第二DC/DC转换器1230的第二输出功率，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和第二DC/DC转换器1230由储能单元1240同时为电池充电。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2工作，且第二DC/DC转换器1230基于第二DC/DC转换器1230的第二输出功率工作时，母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于或等于预设值U b2。
具体来说，在情况2中，储能单元1240的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值，开启AC/DC转换器1210，优先通过交流电源向电池充电。在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，如果U bus＜U balance-U b2，则调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b2。如果AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率被调整至其最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2时，母线电压U bus仍小于U balance且二者之间的差值超过U b，则开启第二DC/DC转换器1230，从而储能单元1240同时向电池充电，调整第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率从0开始增加，直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b2。
这样，当储能单元的SOC在合适的范围时，优先使用交流电源向电池充电，并在母线电压与母线平衡电压之间相差较大时，开启储能单元，以由储能单元和交流电源一起向电池充电，从而使母线电压与母线平衡电压之保持平衡，以便充放电装置在稳定的状态下对电池进行充电。
情况3
储能单元1240的SOC小于第四阈值。
这时，开启AC/DC转换器1210，以通过第一DC/DC转换器1220和AC/DC转换器1210由交流电源向电池充电。
在一种实现方式中，在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率至AC/DC转换器1210的第三输出功率，AC/DC转换器1210的第三输出功率小于AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2。
其中，在AC/DC转换器1210基于AC/DC转换器1210的第三输出功率工作时， 母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值小于或等于预设值U b2。
在另一种实现方式中，在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，若母线电压U bus小于母线平衡电压U balance且母线电压U bus与母线平衡电压U balance的差值超过预设值U b2，调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率至AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率，并设置第一DC/DC转换器1220的输出功率为AC/DC转换器1210的最大输出功率P MAXAC/DC2。
具体来说，在情况3中，储能单元1240的SOC小于第四阈值，储能单元1240没用多余的电量可以向电池充电，因此开启AC/DC转换器1210，仅通过交流电源向电池充电，并控制第二DC/DC转换器1230处于关闭状态，以禁止使用储能单元1240向电池充电。在交流电源向电池充电的过程中，如果U bus＜U balance-U b2，则调整AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率直至U bus与U balance之间的差值小于U b2。
这样，当储能单元的SOC较小时，仅使用交流电源向电池充电，以节省储能单元中存留的电量。
应理解，本申请实施例中，双向AC/DC转换器1210、第一DC/DC转换器1220、以及第二DC/DC转换器1230工作时的输入功率和输出功率，均不得超过各自的最大输入功率和最大输出功率。
本申请实施例对第二DC/DC转换器1230和AC/DC转换器1210的输出功率的调整方式不做限定，例如，可以按照预设的步长逐步增加或减小AC/DC转换器1610或者第二DC/DC转换器1230的输出功率或者输入功率。
可选地，上述交流电源包括但不限于是电网，其可用于提供三相交流电，电网既能提供足够的电量给电池充电，也能够接收较多的电池释放的电量。
或者，在其它实施方式中，上述交流电源也可为单相交流电源。本申请实施例对交流电源的具体类型不做限定。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，功率转换单元1120除了可如图12所示，连接于AC电源以外，还可连接于DC电源，此时，功率转换单元1120中可仅包括DC/DC转换器，以实现电池与DC电源之间的电流传输。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池充电的方法，如图13所示，该方法1300可以应用于具有如图12所示的功率转换单元1120的充放电装置执行，所述充放电装置包括双向AC/DC转换器、第一DC/DC转换器、第二DC/DC转换器、以及控制单元，所述第二DC/DC转换器的一端连接在所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器之间，另一端连接有储能单元，所述第一DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器，所述方法包括：
步骤1310：接收电池的BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据所述第一充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第一充电请求包括第一充电电流。
步骤1320：接收所述BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据所述第一放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，所述第一放电请求是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单 体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
步骤1330：接收所述BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据所述第二充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，所述第二充电请求是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
可选地，所述方法还包括：接收所述BMS发送的第二放电请求，根据所述第二放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第二放电请求包括第二放电电流，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
可选地，所述方法还包括：接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，根据所述充电停止命令，停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
可选地，所述根据所述第一放电电流，释放所述电池的电量，包括：根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；和/或，根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元。
可选地，所述第一放电请求还包括第一放电电压，所述根据所述第一放电电流，释放所述电池的电量，包括：基于所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率；获取所述储能单元的SOC；实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；若所述储能单元的SOC小于第一阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输入功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述交流电源；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二第一阈值且小于第 二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述储能单元；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源，并控制所述第二DC/DC转换器关闭，以禁止通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
可选地，所述第二DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器，所述方法还包括：基于所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率；获取所述储能单元的SOC；若所述储能单元的SOC大于第三阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元向所述电池充电；实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输出功率小于或等于所述第二 DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设电压值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器由所述交流电源同时为所述电池充电；其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：若所述储能单元的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元同时为所述电池充电；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：若所述储能单元的SOC小于第四阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输出功率小于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
可选地，所述方法还包括：在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值大于所述 预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
图14示出了本申请一个实施例的电子装置1400的示意性结构框图。如图14所示，电子装置1400包括存储器1410和处理器1420，其中，存储器1410用于存储计算机程序，处理器1420用于读取所述计算机程序并基于所述计算机程序执行前述本申请各种实施例的方法。
可选地，该电子装置1400可用于BMS和充放电装置中任意一种或者多种。本申请实施例中，除了充放电装置中的处理器读取相应的计算机程序并基于该计算机程序执行前述各种实施例中充放电装置对应的充电方法以外，BMS中的处理器也可读取相应的计算机程序并基于该计算机程序执行前述各种实施例中BMS对应的充电方法。
此外，本申请实施例还提供了一种可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行前述本申请各种实施例的方法。可选地，该计算机程序可以为上述充放电装置和/或BMS中的计算机程序。
应理解，本文中的具体的例子只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例，而非限制本申请实施例的范围。
还应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
还应理解，本说明书中描述的各种实施方式，既可以单独实施，也可以组合实施，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (46)

  1. 一种充放电装置，其特征在于，包括双向交流/直流AC/DC转换器、第一直流/直流DC/DC转换器、第二DC/DC转换器、以及控制单元，所述第二DC/DC转换器的一端连接在所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器之间，另一端连接有储能单元，所述第一DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器；
    其中，所述控制单元用于：
    接收电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据所述第一充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第一充电请求包括第一充电电流；
    接收所述BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据所述第一放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，所述第一放电请求是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；
    接收所述BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据所述第二充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，所述第二充电请求是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的第二放电请求，根据所述第二放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第二放电请求包括第二放电电流，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，根据所述充电停止命令，停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；和/或，
    根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一放电请求还包括第 一放电电压，所述控制单元具体用于：
    基于所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率；
    获取所述储能单元的电池荷电状态SOC；
    实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；
    若所述储能单元的SOC小于第一阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；
    在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输入功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述交流电源；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第一阈值且小于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；
    在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所 述储能单元；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
  9. 根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源，并控制所述第二DC/DC转换器关闭，以禁止通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；
    在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第二DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器，所述第一充电请求还包括第一充电电压，所述控制单元具体用于：
    基于所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率；
    获取所述储能单元的SOC；
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第三阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元向所述电池充电；
    实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；
    在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输出功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设电压值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电 压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器由所述交流电源同时为所述电池充电；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元同时为所述电池充电；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    若所述储能单元的SOC小于第四阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输出功率小于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值大于所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于或等于10％。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；
    其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
  21. 根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一放电电流；和/或，
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第二充电电流。
  22. 根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中。
  23. 一种电池充电的方法，其特征在于，应用于充放电装置，所述充放电装置包括双向交流/直流AC/DC转换器、第一直流/直流DC/DC转换器、第二DC/DC转换器、以及控制单元，所述第二DC/DC转换器的一端连接在所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器之间，另一端连接有储能单元，所述第一DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器；
    其中，所述方法包括：
    接收电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电请求，根据所述第一充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第一充电请求包括第一充电电流；
    接收所述BMS发送的第一放电请求，根据所述第一放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第一放电请求包括第一放电电流，所述第一放电请求是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；
    接收所述BMS发送的第二充电请求，根据所述第二充电请求，控制所述双向AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述交流电源向所述电池充电，和/或，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器，以通过所述储能单元向所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电请求包括第二充电电流，所述第二充电请求是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述BMS发送的第二放电请求，根据所述第二放电请求，释放所述电池的电量，其中，所述第二放电请求包括第二放电电流，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
  25. 根据权利要求23或24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，根据所述充电停止命令，停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
  26. 根据权利要求23至25中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述第一放电电流，释放所述电池的电量，包括：
    根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述双向AC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；和/或，
    根据所述第一放电请求，控制所述第二DC/DC转换器，以将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一放电请求还包括第一放电电压，所述根据所述第一放电电流，释放所述电池的电量，包括：
    基于所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率；
    获取所述储能单元的电池荷电状态SOC；
    实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；
    若所述储能单元的SOC小于第一阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；
    在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输入功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作 时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述电池向所述储能单元放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述交流电源；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二第一阈值且小于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源；
    在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述电池向所述交流电源放电的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量同时释放至所述储能单元；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
  31. 根据权利要求27至30中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第二阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源，并控制所述第二DC/DC转换器关闭，以禁止通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器将所述电池的电量释放至所述储能单元；
    在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率，所述AC/DC转换器 的所述第三输入功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输入功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在将所述电池的电量释放至所述交流电源的过程中，若所述母线电压大于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输入功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
  33. 根据权利要求23至32中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二DC/DC转换器为双向DC/DC转换器，所述方法还包括：
    基于所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流，设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率；
    获取所述储能单元的SOC；
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第三阈值，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元向所述电池充电；
    实时获取所述充放电装置的母线电压；
    在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，所述第二DC/DC转换器的所述第一输出功率小于或等于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设电压值。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述储能单元向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过预设值，调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述AC/DC转换器，并调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率，以通过所述AC/DC转换器和所述第一DC/DC转换器由所述交流电源同时为所述电池充电；
    其中，在所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述AC/DC转换器在所述AC/DC转换器的第一输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  35. 根据权利要求33或34所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述储能单元的SOC大于第四阈值且小于第三阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率小于或等于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率，开启所述第二DC/DC转换器，并调整所述第二DC/DC转换器的输出功率至所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述第二DC/DC转换器由所述储能单元同时为所述电池充电；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率工作，且所述第二DC/DC转换器基于所述第二DC/DC转换器的第二输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压之间的差值小于所述预设值。
  37. 根据权利要求33至36中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述储能单元的SOC小于第四阈值，开启所述AC/DC转换器，以通过所述第一DC/DC转换器和所述AC/DC转换器由所述交流电源向所述电池充电；
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值超过所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率，所述AC/DC转换器的所述第三输出功率小于所述AC/DC转换器的最大输出功率；
    其中，在所述AC/DC转换器基于所述AC/DC转换器的第三输出功率工作时，所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值小于或等于所述预设值。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    在所述交流电源向所述电池充电的过程中，若所述母线电压小于所述母线平衡电压且所述母线电压与所述母线平衡电压的差值大于所述预设值，调整所述AC/DC转换器的输入功率至所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率，并设置所述第一DC/DC转换器的输出功率为所述AC/DC转换器的最大输入功率。
  39. 根据权利要求23至38中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
  40. 根据权利要求23至39中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
  41. 根据权利要求23至40中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于或等于10％。
  42. 根据权利要求23至41中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；
    其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
  43. 根据权利要求23至42中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述接收所述电池的BMS发送的第一充电电流，包括：
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，
    所述接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，包括：
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一放电电流；和/或，
    所述接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，包括：
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第二充电电流。
  44. 根据权利要求23至43中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中。
  45. 一种充放电装置，其特征在于，包括：包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用所述计算机程序，执行如权利要求23至44中任一项所述的电池充电的方法。
  46. 一种充放电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    电池的电池管理系统BMS；
    如权利要求1至22中任一项所述的充放电装置。
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