WO2023004659A1 - 充放电装置和电池充电的方法 - Google Patents

充放电装置和电池充电的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023004659A1
WO2023004659A1 PCT/CN2021/109121 CN2021109121W WO2023004659A1 WO 2023004659 A1 WO2023004659 A1 WO 2023004659A1 CN 2021109121 W CN2021109121 W CN 2021109121W WO 2023004659 A1 WO2023004659 A1 WO 2023004659A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
battery
current
discharge
discharging device
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PCT/CN2021/109121
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
左希阳
颜昱
高锦凤
刘帝平
李占良
侯贻真
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2021576103A priority Critical patent/JP7453261B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2021/109121 priority patent/WO2023004659A1/zh
Priority to KR1020217040431A priority patent/KR20230019380A/ko
Priority to CN202180076650.2A priority patent/CN116508227A/zh
Priority to EP21865318.6A priority patent/EP4152555A4/en
Priority to US17/715,166 priority patent/US20230029492A1/en
Publication of WO2023004659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023004659A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H02J7/00716—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to integrated charge or discharge current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a charging and discharging device and a battery charging method.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a charging and discharging device and a method for charging a battery, which can ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • a charging and discharging device which includes: a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a control unit; the control unit is configured to: receive the first charging current sent by the battery management system BMS of the battery, and Based on the first charging current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery; receive the first discharge current sent by the BMS, and based on the first discharge current, control the The bidirectional DC/DC converter is used to discharge the electric power of the battery into the energy storage battery, wherein the first discharge current is when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount Threshold and the voltage of the battery cell of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the discharge current sent by the BMS; receive the second charge current sent by the BMS, and based on the second charge current, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery, wherein the second charging current is when the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to
  • a charging method that can be implemented between the charging and discharging device and the BMS is provided.
  • the charging and discharging device can send the first charging current and the second A discharge current realizes the charging and discharging of the battery, thereby avoiding problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoiding safety problems of the battery caused by heating and lithium ion accumulation, such as battery combustion or explosion, etc.
  • the safety performance of the battery is guaranteed, and the battery is charged and discharged through the energy storage battery, which can meet the fast charging requirements of the battery in different occasions.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive the second discharge current sent by the BMS, and based on the second discharge current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to convert the battery capacity to Discharged into the energy storage battery, wherein the second discharge current is when the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the battery When the cell is fully charged voltage, the BMS sends the discharge current.
  • the embodiment of the present application can further provide a multiple-cycle charging and discharging method.
  • the charging and discharging processes are repeated in sequence, and the battery can be charged step by step on the basis of ensuring the performance of the battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: according to the first discharge current, determine that the discharge demand power of the battery is less than a discharge power threshold; control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to convert the discharge power of the battery to The electricity is discharged into the energy storage battery.
  • the discharge process can be increased during the charging process of the battery, eliminating the accumulation of lithium ions, and increasing the charging speed; on the other hand, the secondary battery can be charged to avoid energy waste.
  • control unit is further configured to: according to the first discharge current, determine that the discharge demand power of the battery is greater than or equal to a discharge power threshold; control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to The energy storage battery releases the electricity of the first discharge demand power, and controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to release the electricity of the second discharge demand power to the grid through the second charging and discharging device, wherein the first discharge demand power and The sum of the second discharge demand powers is equal to the discharge demand power.
  • the charging and discharging device when the discharge power of the battery exceeds the discharge power threshold of the cascade battery, the charging and discharging device can release part of the electricity to the grid, thereby ensuring the safety of the cascade battery while discharging during the charging process. .
  • control unit is further configured to: obtain the state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery; determine that the SOC is greater than or equal to a state of charge threshold, and control the The bidirectional DC/DC converter is used to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application can judge the state of charge of the energy storage battery before charging the battery, and only use the energy storage battery to charge the battery when the power of the energy storage battery is sufficient.
  • control unit is further configured to: acquire the state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery; the control unit is specifically configured to: determine that the SOC is less than a state of charge threshold; The charging and discharging device sends a charging request message, so that the second charging and discharging device charges the energy storage battery through the grid; determines that the SOC is greater than or equal to the state of charge threshold, and based on the first charging current , controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application can send a charging request message so that the grid can charge the ladder battery, and when the power of the ladder battery is sufficient, the battery can be recharged by the ladder battery. charging, which can improve charging efficiency.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and stop charging the battery, wherein the charging stop command is when the voltage of a battery cell of the battery The command sent by the BMS when the full charge voltage of the battery cell is exceeded.
  • the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application can timely adjust the switching of the battery charging and discharging process according to the real-time requirements of the BMS, and determine whether to continue charging the battery, thereby improving charging efficiency.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the range of the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current is between 2C and 10C, which can realize fast charging with a large current to improve The charging capacity of the battery during a single charging process, to achieve the purpose of fast charging.
  • the charging current is also limited, so it is impossible to use a continuous high current to achieve fast charging of the battery.
  • the battery is charged, and the battery is discharged after a high-current charge to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process, and then the battery can be charged again with a high current to realize rapid charging of the battery.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the range of the discharge rate of the first discharge current is between 0.1C and 1C, so as to realize low-current discharge, aiming to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery through the discharge of the battery with a small current, and It will not cause excessive loss of electricity charged in the battery.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • setting the ratio of the cumulative discharge threshold value during the discharge process and the cumulative charge threshold value during the charge process can better control the charge capacity of the battery during the charge process and the discharge capacity of the battery during the discharge process, so that The discharge capacity is small, which will not cause excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current is determined by the BMS according to the state parameters of the battery; wherein, the battery's The state parameters include at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge, and battery state of health.
  • the first charging current, the second charging current and the first discharging current is a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, it can better adapt to the current state parameters of the battery , improving the charging efficiency and/or discharging efficiency of the battery without causing damage to the battery.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: regularly receive the first charging current sent by the BMS; and/or, regularly receive the first discharge current sent by the BMS; and/or, regularly receive The second charging current sent by the BMS.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current is sent periodically by the BMS. Adjust the charging current and/or discharging current to improve charging and discharging efficiency.
  • the regularly sent charging current and/or discharging current can also indicate that the state of the BMS and the battery is normal, so that the charging and discharging device can continue to charge and discharge the battery. Charge or control battery discharge to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive the first charging voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first charging voltage and the first charging current are carried in the first battery charging demand message and/or, receiving the first discharge voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current are carried in the second battery charging request message; and/or, receiving the BMS The second charging voltage sent, wherein the second charging voltage and the second charging current are carried in the third battery charging demand message.
  • the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is compatible with the existing communication protocol between the charging pile and the BMS. Therefore, the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is easy to implement and has a good application prospect .
  • a battery charging method is provided, the method is applied to a charging and discharging device, and the method includes: the charging and discharging device receives the first charging current sent by the battery management system BMS of the battery, and based on The first charging current controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter in the charging and discharging device to charge the battery through the energy storage battery; the charging and discharging device receives the first discharging current sent by the BMS, and based on The first discharge current controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the electric power of the battery into the energy storage battery, wherein the first discharge current is when the first accumulated charge of the battery When the amount is greater than or equal to the first cumulative charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the discharge current sent by the BMS; the charging and discharging device receives the discharge current sent by the BMS second charging current, and based on the second charging current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery, wherein
  • a battery management system BMS including: an acquisition unit, configured to acquire a first charging current, and a sending unit, configured to send the first charging current to a charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device is based on the first The charging current charges the battery; the processing unit is configured to determine that the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the acquisition unit also Used to obtain the first discharge current; the sending unit is also used to send the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls the discharge of the battery based on the first discharging current; the processing unit is also used to determine the first accumulated discharge of the battery When the amount is greater than or equal to the threshold value of the first cumulative discharge amount, the acquiring unit is also used to acquire the second charging current; the sending unit is also used to send the second charging current to the charging and discharging device
  • a battery charging method including: a battery management system BMS acquires a first charging current, and sends the first charging current to a charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current; If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the first discharge current and sends the first discharge current to A charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the first discharge current; if the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge amount threshold, the BMS obtains the second charging current and sends the second charging current to to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the second charging current.
  • a charging and discharging device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to execute any one of the second aspect and the second aspect. method in the implementation of .
  • a battery management system BMS including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to perform any one of the fourth aspect and the fourth aspect method in a possible implementation.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for charging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of another charging system used in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block flow diagram of another method for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic waveform diagram of the charging current and discharging current of the battery provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another method for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow diagram of another method for charging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic block flow diagram of another method for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic flow chart of battery charging provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural block diagram of a charging and discharging device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural block diagram of a battery management system BMS provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • power batteries can be used as the main power source of electric devices (such as vehicles, ships or spacecraft, etc.), while energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • energy storage batteries can be used as the source of charging for electric devices.
  • Metaphor As an example but not a limitation, in some application scenarios, the power battery may be a battery in a power consumption device, and the energy storage battery may be a battery in a charging device.
  • power batteries and energy storage batteries are collectively referred to as batteries hereinafter.
  • lithium batteries such as lithium-ion batteries or lithium-ion polymer batteries.
  • the battery is generally charged by continuous charging, and continuous charging of the battery will cause the phenomenon of lithium deposition and heat generation of the battery.
  • lithium deposition and heat generation will not only reduce the performance of the battery, The cycle life is greatly shortened, which also limits the fast charging capacity of the battery, and may cause catastrophic consequences such as combustion and explosion, causing serious safety problems.
  • the present application proposes a new battery charging method and charging system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of a charging system applicable to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging system 100 may include: a charging and discharging device 110 and a battery system 120.
  • the battery system 120 may be an electric vehicle (including a pure electric vehicle and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) battery system or battery system in other application scenarios.
  • the battery 121 can be any type of battery, including but not limited to: lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium sulfur battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel metal hydride battery, or lithium air battery etc.
  • the battery 121 in the embodiment of the present application can be a battery cell/battery monomer (cell), or a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a battery module or a battery pack can be composed of multiple batteries connected in series and in parallel. Formation, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific type and scale of the battery 121 are not specifically limited.
  • the battery system 120 is generally equipped with a battery management system (battery management system, BMS) 122 for monitoring The state of the battery 121 .
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS 122 can be integrated with the battery 121 and set in the same device/device, or, the BMS 122 can also be set outside the battery 121 as an independent device/device.
  • the charging and discharging device 110 is a device for supplementing electric energy for the battery 121 in the battery system 120 and/or controlling the discharge of the battery 121 .
  • the charging and discharging device 110 in the embodiment of the present application may be an ordinary charging pile, a super charging pile, a charging pile supporting a vehicle to grid (V2G) mode, or may charge and/or discharge a battery Charging and discharging devices/equipment, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific type and specific application scenarios of the charging and discharging device 110 .
  • the charging and discharging device 110 can be connected to the battery 121 through an electric wire 150, and connected to the BMS 122 through a communication line 140, wherein the communication line 140 is used to realize the communication between the charging and discharging device 110 and the BMS. Information exchange.
  • the communication line 140 includes, but is not limited to, a controller area network (control area network, CAN) communication bus or a daisy chain (daisy chain) communication bus.
  • a controller area network control area network, CAN
  • daisy chain daisy chain
  • the charging and discharging device 110 can also communicate with the BMS 122 through a wireless network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the wired communication type or wireless communication type between the charging and discharging device and the BMS 122.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic block flow diagram of a method 200 for charging a battery that may be applied in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 200 of the embodiment of the present application may be applicable to the charging and discharging device 110 and the battery system 120 shown in FIG. 1 above.
  • the battery charging method 200 may include the following steps.
  • Step 210 the battery management system BMS obtains the first charging current.
  • Step 220 The BMS sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 230 The charging and discharging device receives the first charging current, and charges the battery based on the first charging current.
  • Step 240 If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the first discharge current.
  • Step 250 The BMS sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 260 The charge-discharge device receives the first discharge current, and controls battery discharge based on the first discharge current.
  • a charging method that can be realized between the charging and discharging device and the BMS.
  • the charging and discharging device can send the first charging current and the first discharging current based on the BMS.
  • the current realizes the charging and discharging of the battery, avoiding continuous charging of the battery, thereby avoiding problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery. Due to heating, the temperature of the battery will rise, and the crystals produced by the accumulation of lithium ions may pierce the battery, causing electrolyte leakage and short-circuiting the battery. The rise in battery temperature and short-circuiting of the battery may cause battery safety problems, such as causing battery combustion or explosion etc.
  • the charging and discharging device can charge and discharge the battery based on the first charging current and the first discharging current sent by the BMS, which can ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the continuous accumulation of lithium ions will also cause the problem of lithium analysis, which will affect the service life and charging capacity of the battery. Therefore, the service life and charging capacity of the battery can also be guaranteed through the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the BMS can first enter the charging mode to control the charging and discharging device to charge the battery. First, the BMS obtains the first charging current. After the BMS sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device, the charging and discharging The device charges the battery based on the received first charging current.
  • the BMS can obtain the first charging current from its own functional unit (eg, a storage unit or a processing unit), or the BMS can also obtain the first charging current from other devices.
  • the first charging current may be a preset current, and the preset current may be a fixed value, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first charging current may also be a current determined according to state parameters of the battery, and the first charging current changes with changes in the state parameters of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device can be connected to a power supply, which can be an AC power supply and/or a DC power supply. After the charging and discharging device receives the information of the first charging current, based on the first charging current, the charging and discharging device passes through the AC power supply and/or the DC power supply. Charge the battery.
  • a power supply which can be an AC power supply and/or a DC power supply.
  • the BMS can obtain the first accumulated charging amount of the battery, and determine whether the first accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold, if The first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, and the BMS obtains the first discharge current.
  • the battery can include one or more battery cells, and the BMS can monitor the voltage of one or more battery cells in the battery to monitor whether the battery is fully charged .
  • the voltages of the multiple battery cells may be different. In this case, it can be judged by judging whether the maximum voltage of the battery cells exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cells. Whether the battery is fully charged.
  • other voltages of the battery cells in the battery may also be used to determine whether the battery is fully charged.
  • the BMS obtains the second A discharge current, that is, for the battery, it changes from charging mode to discharging mode.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated charge amount may be the first accumulated charge capacity or may also be the first accumulated charge amount.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold is the first accumulated charging capacity threshold; if the first accumulated charging amount is the first accumulated charging amount, then the first accumulated charging amount The threshold is the first accumulated charging power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated charging amount threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first accumulated charge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the first accumulated charge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • the first A cumulative charge threshold can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, so that the current charging process can be better controlled, and the charging efficiency of the battery can be improved without causing damage to the battery.
  • step 240 to step 260 the BMS obtains the first discharge current, and sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the received first discharging current.
  • the BMS may obtain the first discharge current from its own functional unit (for example, a storage unit or a processing unit), or the BMS may also obtain the first discharge current from other devices.
  • the first discharge current may be a preset current, and the preset current may be a fixed value, or may also change in a preset manner over time.
  • the first discharge current may also be a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, and the first discharge current changes with changes in the state parameters of the battery.
  • the electricity of the battery in the discharge mode or stage, can be transmitted to the energy storage device and/or the grid, which is beneficial to the recycling of electric energy.
  • the energy storage device can be installed in the charging and discharging device or outside the charging and discharging device, so that it can receive the discharge current of the battery.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific configuration of the energy storage device.
  • the power of the battery may also be consumed in other ways, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific way of consuming power.
  • the BMS can obtain the first accumulated discharge capacity of the battery during the discharge process, and determine whether the first accumulated discharge capacity is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge capacity threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated discharge amount may be the first accumulated discharge capacity or may also be the first accumulated discharge amount.
  • the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold is the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold; if the first cumulative discharge capacity is the first cumulative discharge capacity, the first cumulative discharge capacity The threshold is the first accumulated discharge power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned first accumulated discharge capacity threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change with time in a preset manner.
  • the first accumulated discharge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the first accumulated discharge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • the first A cumulative discharge threshold can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, so as to better control the current discharge process and improve the discharge efficiency of the battery without causing damage to the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device controls the battery to stop discharging.
  • the charging and discharging device can charge and discharge the battery based on the first charging current and the first discharging current sent by the BMS, so as to avoid problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery, and then avoid problems caused by heating, lithium ions, etc.
  • Problems such as ion aggregation cause battery safety problems, such as battery combustion or explosion, etc., to ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • charging the battery to the first accumulative charge amount based on the first charging current and then releasing the battery to the first accumulative discharge amount based on the first discharge current can release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process to prevent continuous charging.
  • the lithium analysis problem generated during charging can improve the service life and charging capacity of the battery.
  • the battery can be charged for the second time to continue charging the battery.
  • the battery charging method 200 in the embodiment of the present application may further include the following steps.
  • Step 270 If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires a second charging current.
  • Step 280 The BMS sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 290 The charging and discharging device receives the second charging current, and charges the battery based on the second charging current.
  • step 270 to step 290 when the BMS judges that the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires the second charging current and sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging system.
  • the charging and discharging device continues to charge the battery based on the received second charging current, that is, for the battery, re-enters the charging mode from the discharging mode.
  • steps 270 to 290 refer to the relevant descriptions of steps 210 to 230 above, and details are not repeated here.
  • the charging and discharging of the battery in addition to the current information required for charging and discharging, the charging and discharging of the battery also requires the voltage information required for charging and discharging.
  • the BMS obtains the first charging current and the first charging voltage, and send the first charging current and the first charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is used to charge the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage;
  • the BMS obtains the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage, and sends the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device is used to The battery is discharged.
  • the subsequent charge and discharge process may be similar to the above charge and discharge process, and will not be repeated here.
  • the charging and discharging device can use the power grid to charge electric vehicles.
  • an energy storage battery can be further added on the basis of Figure 1, and the energy storage battery can be used to charge the power battery. , to meet the needs of fast charging of electric vehicles in special scenarios.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of another charging system 30 to which the embodiment of the present application can be applied.
  • the charging system 30 may include: a charging and discharging device 310 , a battery system 320 and an energy storage battery 330 .
  • the energy storage battery 330 in the embodiment of the present application may be a secondary battery, or the energy storage battery 330 may exist in the form of an energy storage station, and the secondary battery or the energy storage station may be charged through the grid, or may also be charged by direct current,
  • the charging is performed by a photovoltaic power source, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device 310 may include a bidirectional DC/DC converter 311 and a control unit 312 .
  • the charging and discharging device 310 can be a DC charging pile, which can output adjustable DC power to charge the power battery 321 , such as the power battery of an electric vehicle.
  • the bidirectional DC/DC converter 311 in the charging and discharging device 310 can charge the power battery 321 by converting the power type output by the energy storage battery 330 into the power type required by the power battery 321 .
  • the control unit 312 may include a controller and/or a processor for controlling the process of charging and discharging the power battery 321 by the bidirectional DC/DC converter 311 through the energy storage battery 330, and the process of other electrical components in the charging and discharging device 310 run.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic flowchart of another battery charging method 400 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 400 may be implemented by the charging system 30 in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery charging method 400 includes steps 410 to 490 .
  • the charging and discharging device 310 may include a bidirectional DC/DC converter 311 and a control unit 312, therefore,
  • the corresponding methods of the two charging systems that is, the charging methods in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 will be different.
  • Steps 410 to 420 are the same as steps 210 to 220 in FIG. 2 .
  • Step 430 the charging and discharging device receives the first charging current, and controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the first charging current to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • Steps 440 to 450 are the same as steps 240 to 250 in FIG. 2 .
  • step 460 the charging and discharging device receives the first discharging current, and based on the first discharging current, controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the electric power of the battery into the energy storage battery.
  • Steps 470 to 480 are the same as steps 270 to 280 in FIG. 2 .
  • Step 490 the charging and discharging device receives the second charging current, and based on the second charging current, controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • the charging and discharging device can charge and discharge the battery through the bidirectional DC/DC converter therein.
  • the charging and discharging device in the process of charging the battery, can charge and discharge the battery based on the first charging current and the first discharging current sent by the BMS, avoiding continuous charging of the battery. Charging, so as to avoid problems such as heating and lithium ion accumulation caused by continuous charging of the battery.
  • the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present application can use the energy storage battery to charge and discharge the battery through the bidirectional DC/DC converter in the charging and discharging device, so as to meet the fast charging of power batteries in scenarios such as large parking lots. demand.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 500 may further include the following steps in addition to the steps 410 to 490 described above.
  • Step 510 If the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS obtains the second discharge current.
  • Step 520 The BMS sends a second discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 530 The charging and discharging device receives the second discharging current, and controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter based on the second discharging current to discharge the electric quantity of the battery into the energy storage battery.
  • the charging, discharging, and recharging and redischarging of the battery are completed through the information interaction between the BMS and the charging and discharging.
  • the embodiment of the present application can further provide a multiple-cycle charging and discharging method. The charging and discharging processes are carried out sequentially, and the battery can be gradually charged on the basis of ensuring the safety performance of the battery.
  • step 510 when the charging and discharging device uses the energy storage battery to charge the battery based on the second charging current, the BMS can obtain the second accumulated charging amount of the battery, and determine whether the second accumulated charging amount is greater than or It is equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold.
  • the second accumulated charging amount may only be the charging amount of the battery charged by the charging and discharging device based on the second charging current, or the second accumulated charging amount may also be the current total charging amount of the battery.
  • the battery Current total charging amount charging amount based on the first charging current+charging amount based on the second charging current ⁇ discharging amount based on the first discharging current.
  • the second accumulated charging amount threshold may also be a charging amount threshold based on a single charge, or the second accumulated charging amount threshold may also be a charging amount threshold based on a total charging amount.
  • the second accumulated charging amount may be the second accumulated charging capacity or may also be the second accumulated charging amount.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold is the second accumulated charging capacity threshold
  • the second accumulated charging amount is the second accumulated charging amount
  • the second accumulated charging amount is the second accumulated charging amount
  • the second accumulated charging amount The threshold is the second accumulated charging power threshold.
  • the above-mentioned second accumulated charging amount threshold may be a preset threshold, and the preset threshold may be a fixed threshold, or may also change with time in a preset manner.
  • the second accumulated charge threshold can also be determined according to the state parameters of the battery, that is, when the state parameters of the battery change, the second accumulated charge threshold also changes accordingly.
  • step 510 when the second accumulated charging amount is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the BMS acquires the second discharge current. And in step 520 to step 530, the BMS sends the second discharge current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the electricity to the energy storage battery based on the received second discharging current.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic waveform diagram of a charging current and a discharging current of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current until the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the battery of the battery The voltage of the single cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell.
  • the charging and discharging device controls the discharge of the battery based on the first discharge current, and the first accumulated discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge.
  • the discharge amount threshold optionally, the duration of the first discharge current may be shorter than the duration of the first charge current.
  • the charging and discharging device continues to charge the battery based on the second charging current until the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery is below Exceeding the full charge voltage of the battery cell, during the period from t4 to t5 , the charge and discharge device controls the discharge of the battery based on the second discharge current, until the second cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the second cumulative discharge capacity threshold, which can be Optionally, the duration of the second charging current may be shorter than the duration of the first charging current. It can be understood that the above charging and discharging process continues until the battery is fully charged.
  • the waveform diagrams of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current are only schematically shown in FIG. 6
  • the first charging current can be The constant current as shown in Figure 6, or also can be the change current that changes with time
  • the second charge current, the first discharge current and the second discharge current can be the constant current as shown in Figure 6, or also can be Can be a varying current over time.
  • the magnitudes of the first charging current and the second charging current schematically shown in FIG. 6 are the same, and the magnitudes of the first discharging current and the second discharging current are the same.
  • the first charging current and the second charging current The magnitudes of the currents may also be different, and the magnitudes of the first discharge current and the second discharge current may also be different, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to release the electric power of the battery based on the first discharging current, optionally, the charging and discharging device can release all the electric power that needs to be released to the energy storage battery, or a part of it can be released to the energy storage battery, and the other part can be released to the grid.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic flow chart of charging and discharging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging process 700 includes steps 410 to 490 , wherein steps 410 to 450 and 470 to 490 are the same as the aforementioned steps. Steps 461 and 462 may correspond to the aforementioned step 460 .
  • step 761 the charging and discharging device determines, according to the first discharging current, that the required discharging power of the battery is less than a discharging power threshold.
  • Step 762 the charging and discharging device controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the electric power of the battery into the energy storage battery.
  • the discharge power threshold in the embodiment of the present application is the discharge power threshold of the energy storage battery.
  • the power of the power battery can be discharged into the energy storage battery.
  • the power battery can be discharged during the charging process, even if the accumulation of lithium ions is eliminated; on the other hand, it can ensure that the power released by the power battery is within the acceptable range of the energy storage battery, thereby ensuring the normal use of the energy storage battery , Moreover, the power released by the power battery can also charge the energy storage battery, avoiding the waste of energy.
  • the discharge required power threshold of the battery can be calculated according to the discharge current and discharge voltage of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging system 30 in the embodiment of the present application may further include a second charging and discharging device 360 and a power grid 370, wherein the second charging and discharging device 360 may include a bidirectional AC/DC converter.
  • the second charging and discharging device 360 may be respectively connected to the energy storage battery 330 and the grid 370 through the high voltage line 350 .
  • the second charging and discharging device 360 may also include a control unit, and the control unit may exchange information with the charging and discharging device through the communication line 340.
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic flow chart of charging and discharging a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery discharge process 800 includes steps 410 to 490 , wherein steps 410 to 450 and 470 to 490 are the same as the aforementioned steps. Only the different steps are described below.
  • step 861 the charging and discharging device determines, according to the first discharging current, that the required discharging power of the battery is greater than or equal to a discharging power threshold.
  • Step 862 controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to release the first discharge required power to the energy storage battery
  • Step 863 and controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to release the second discharge required power to the grid through the second charging and discharging device.
  • the sum of the first discharge required power and the second discharge required power is equal to the discharge required power.
  • the charging and discharging device can control to release part of the power of the power battery to the energy storage battery, and release the remaining power of the power battery to the energy storage battery.
  • the power grid the power grid 370 as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the discharge required power of the power battery may be Wsum
  • the discharge power threshold of the energy storage battery may be WDischglmt
  • the amount of the first discharge required power may be equal to the difference between the discharge required power Wsum and the discharge power threshold WDischglmt
  • the second discharge demand power can be the same amount of electricity as the discharge power threshold, that is, WDischgLmt, so that the power battery can realize the discharge process during the charging process.
  • the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application is a device that only includes a bidirectional DC/DC converter, it is a DC charging device, that is, it can only convert DC power into DC power of different powers, but cannot perform AC power. Therefore, in order to release the power of the power battery to the grid, the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application can also control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge through the second charging and discharging device.
  • the second charging and discharging device may include a bidirectional AC/DC converter.
  • the charging and discharging device can discharge the electric power of the power battery to the grid through the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the bidirectional AC/DC converter in the second charging and discharging device.
  • Figure 9 provides the A schematic flow chart of another battery charging method.
  • the process 900 of charging and discharging the battery includes step 410 to step 490 , wherein only the different steps will be described below.
  • Step 931 the charging and discharging device acquires the state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery.
  • Step 932 the charging and discharging device determines that the SOC is greater than or equal to the state of charge threshold, and based on the first charging current, controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • the energy storage battery in the embodiment of the present application can only charge the power battery when its own power is greater than or equal to a certain threshold, and when its own power is less than the threshold, first replenish its own power, and then charge the power battery. to charge.
  • FIG. 10 provides a schematic flowchart of another method for charging a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging and discharging process 1000 includes steps 410 to 490 , where only different steps are described below.
  • Step 1031 acquiring the state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery.
  • Step 1032 determine that the SOC is less than the state of charge threshold.
  • Step 1033 sending a charging request message to the second charging and discharging device, so that the second charging and discharging device charges the energy storage battery through the grid.
  • Step 1034 determine that the SOC is greater than or equal to the SOC threshold, and based on the first charging current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • the control unit may send a charging request message to the second charging and discharging device through the communication line, requesting the second charging and discharging device to charge the energy storage battery through the grid, and the second charging and discharging device may include AC/DC conversion device.
  • the energy storage battery in the embodiment of the present application can also be charged by a DC power supply.
  • the energy storage battery can use the DC/DC converter in the second charging and discharging device to pass a DC power supply, such as a photovoltaic power supply, etc.
  • this application does not limit the charging method of the energy storage battery.
  • the power battery in this embodiment of the application can also be directly charged through the power grid, for example, the power grid can pass through the second charging and discharging device (such as the bidirectional AC/DC converter) and the charging and discharging device in this application (such as the bidirectional DC/DC converter) directly charges the power battery.
  • the second charging and discharging device such as the bidirectional AC/DC converter
  • the charging and discharging device in this application such as the bidirectional DC/DC converter
  • Fig. 11 shows a schematic block flow diagram of another battery charging method 1100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 1100 may further include the following steps in addition to the steps 410 to 490 described above.
  • Step 1110 If the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS sends a charging stop command to the charging and discharging device.
  • Step 1120 the charging and discharging device stops charging the battery.
  • the BMS can monitor whether the battery has reached a fully charged state by monitoring the voltage of one or more battery cells in the battery.
  • whether the battery has reached a fully charged state can be determined by judging whether the maximum voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell. When the maximum voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, it means that the battery is fully charged, and the BMS sends a charge stop command to the charge and discharge device at this time.
  • the charge stop command is used to instruct the charge and discharge device to stop charging the battery , so that the charging and discharging device stops charging the battery.
  • step 1110 and step 1120 can be performed during the charging phase of the battery.
  • the BMS when the BMS enters the charging mode and the charging and discharging device receives the charging current sent by the BMS, the BMS can obtain the battery during the process of charging the battery. Once the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS sends a charge stop command to the charging and discharging device to stop the charging and discharging device. Charge the battery.
  • FIG. 11 only schematically shows that step 1110 and step 1120 are executed after step 490, that is, in the second charging process. It can be understood that step 1110 and step 1120 can also be executed in multiple charging During any charging process of discharge.
  • the charging and discharging device since the charging and discharging device is used to charge, discharge and recharge the battery, the safety problems caused by continuous charging can be prevented. Further, the charging current in the above method can be large Current, in order to increase the charging capacity of the battery during a single charging process, to achieve the purpose of fast charging.
  • the charging current is also limited, so it is impossible to use a continuous high current to achieve fast charging of the battery.
  • the battery is charged, and the battery is discharged after a high-current charge to release the lithium ions accumulated on the negative electrode of the battery during the charging process, and then the battery can be charged again with a high current to realize rapid charging of the battery.
  • the first charging current and/or the second charging current can be a large current.
  • the charging current in the subsequent charging process can also be large. current.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge current in the embodiment of the present application is a small current, which aims to discharge the lithium ions accumulated in the negative electrode of the battery through the discharge of the battery with a small current, without causing excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current in the above method can be a small current.
  • the discharge current in the subsequent discharge process can also be a small current.
  • the charge rate of the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the ratio of the cumulative discharge capacity threshold during the discharging process and the cumulative charging threshold during the charging process can be set , so that the discharge capacity is small without causing excessive loss of the charged power in the battery.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%, and/or the ratio of the second accumulated discharge threshold to the second accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10 %.
  • the ratio of the cumulative discharge threshold value to the cumulative charge threshold value in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be less than or equal to 10%.
  • the first charging current and the second charging current acquired by the BMS may be the same or different.
  • the first charging current and/or the second charging current can be a preset current, or the first charging current and/or the second charging current can also be a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, when the state parameters of the battery changes, the first charging current and/or the second charging current may be different currents corresponding to different state parameters.
  • the state parameter of the battery includes at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge (state of charge, SOC), battery state of health (state of health, SOH) and the like.
  • first discharge current and the second discharge current acquired by the BMS may be the same or different.
  • the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current may be a preset current, or the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current may also be a current determined according to state parameters of the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current is a current determined according to the state parameters of the battery, it can be better adapted to the current state parameters of the battery, improving The charging efficiency and/or discharging efficiency of the battery, and will not cause damage to the battery.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be a preset current, or , can also be the current determined according to the state parameters of the battery.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic flow diagram of another battery charging method 1200 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 1210 The BMS obtains the state parameters of the battery, and determines the first charging current according to the state parameters.
  • the above step 240 may include: Step 1240: If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS acquires the state of the battery parameter, and determine the first discharge current according to the state parameter.
  • Step 470 above may include: Step 1270: If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires the state parameters of the battery, and determines the second charging current according to the state parameters.
  • the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current are currents determined according to state parameters of the battery.
  • BMS can obtain different state parameters of the battery, and determine the current charging current and discharging current according to the state parameters.
  • the mapping relationship between the state parameters of the battery and the charging current and discharging current can be obtained.
  • the state parameters determine the specific charging current and discharging current, wherein the mapping relationship can be a mapping relationship obtained by fitting a large number of experimental data, which has high reliability and accuracy.
  • the mapping relationship can specifically be a mapping table , a map or a mapping formula, etc.
  • a dedicated neural network model can also be trained according to a large amount of experimental data, and the neural network model can output charging current and discharging current according to the input state parameters of the battery.
  • the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the second accumulated charging amount threshold may be the same or different.
  • the first accumulated discharge amount threshold and the second accumulated discharge amount threshold may be the same or different.
  • At least one of the first accumulated charge threshold, the second accumulated charge threshold, the first accumulated discharge threshold and the second accumulated discharge threshold may be a preset threshold.
  • at least one of the first accumulated charge threshold, the second accumulated charge threshold, the first accumulated discharge threshold and the second accumulated discharge threshold may also be a threshold determined according to a state parameter of the battery.
  • the cumulative discharge threshold and the cumulative charging threshold in the subsequent charging and discharging process can be preset thresholds or It may also be a threshold determined according to a state parameter of the battery.
  • the first cumulative charge threshold, the second cumulative charge threshold, the first cumulative discharge threshold, and the second cumulative discharge threshold is a threshold determined according to the state parameters of the battery. It can better adapt to the current state parameters of the battery, so as to be able to better control the current charging process and/or discharging process, ensure the charging capacity and discharging capacity, and realize efficient charging of the battery.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current may be a current obtained by the BMS periodically or irregularly, as an example , at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current may be a current determined periodically or irregularly by the BMS according to the state parameters of the battery, and the current varies with the state parameters of the battery Specifically, the BMS can periodically acquire the state parameters of the battery, thereby determining at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current, and the second discharging current; or, the BMS can acquire in real time The state parameter of the battery, when the state parameter changes irregularly, the BMS determines at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current according to the irregularly changing state parameter.
  • the BMS regularly or irregularly sends at least one of the first charging current, the second charging current, the first discharging current and the second discharging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device is based on
  • the current sent periodically charges the battery or controls the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current is sent by the BMS regularly or irregularly.
  • the charging current and/or discharging current sent regularly or irregularly can also be used to indicate that the state of the BMS and the battery is normal,
  • the charge and discharge device can continue to charge the battery or control the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device can stop charging the battery and/or stop controlling the battery discharge to ensure the battery's safety performance.
  • Fig. 13 shows a schematic flow chart of another battery charging method 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 1310 The BMS periodically obtains the first charging current.
  • the above step 220 may include: Step 1320: The BMS periodically sends the first charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the above step 240 may include: Step 1340: If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, periodically obtain the first discharge voltage. current.
  • the above step 250 may include: Step 1350: The BMS periodically sends the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the above step 270 may include: Step 1370: If the first accumulated discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated discharge capacity threshold, periodically obtain the second charging current.
  • the above step 280 may include: Step 1380: The BMS periodically sends the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the BMS may obtain the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current periodically.
  • the BMS can periodically send the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is compatible with the existing communication protocol between the charger and the BMS, therefore, the communication between the BMS and the charging and discharging device is easy to implement, and It has a good application prospect.
  • the BMS can also acquire at least one of the first charging voltage, the second charging voltage, the first discharging voltage, and the second discharging voltage, and convert the first charging voltage, the second charging voltage At least one of the second charging voltage, the first discharging voltage and the second discharging voltage is sent to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first charging current and the first charging voltage are carried in the first battery charging request (BCL) message, And/or, the first discharging current and the first discharging voltage are carried in the second BCL message, and/or, the second charging current and the second charging voltage are carried in the third BCL message, and/or, the second The discharge current and the second discharge voltage are carried in the fourth BCL message.
  • BCL battery charging request
  • the charging and discharging device charges the battery and controls the battery to discharge based on the second charging current and the second discharging current
  • the charging current, charging voltage, discharging current and discharging voltage in the subsequent charging and discharging process can also be carried in the In the BCL message, it is sent to the charging and discharging device through the BMS.
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic flow chart of another battery charging method 1400 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery charging method 1400 may include the following steps.
  • Step 1410 The BMS obtains the first charging current and the first charging voltage.
  • Step 1420 The BMS sends a first BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the first BCL message carries a first charging current and a first charging voltage.
  • Step 1430 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage.
  • Step 1440 If the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the BMS acquires the first discharge current and the first discharge voltage.
  • Step 1450 The BMS sends a second BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the second BCL message carries the first discharge current and the second discharge voltage.
  • Step 1460 The charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the first discharge current and the second discharge voltage.
  • Step 1470 If the first cumulative discharge capacity of the battery is greater than or equal to the first cumulative discharge capacity threshold, the BMS acquires a second charging current and a second charging voltage.
  • Step 1480 The BMS sends a third BCL message to the charging and discharging device, where the third BCL message carries the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
  • Step 1490 The charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
  • the BMS uses the battery charging demand BCL message in the communication protocol between the existing charger and the BMS, the BMS sends the charging current and the discharging current to the charging and discharging device, and the charging and discharging device based on the received charging current and discharge current to charge the battery or control the discharge of the battery.
  • the charging voltage (including the above-mentioned first charging voltage and the second charging voltage) is different from the range of the discharging voltage (including the above-mentioned first discharging voltage and the second discharging voltage), and the charging current (including The above-mentioned first charging current and second charging current) and the discharge current (including the above-mentioned first discharge current and second discharge current) have different ranges.
  • the voltage and current that can be carried in it Determine whether it belongs to the charging voltage and charging current, or whether it belongs to the discharging voltage and discharging current.
  • the BMS can determine the charging voltage and discharging voltage according to the state parameters of the battery, or the charging voltage and discharging voltage can also be preset values.
  • the BMS can periodically obtain the charging current and charging voltage, and periodically send BCL messages carrying the charging current and charging voltage to the charging and discharging device.
  • the BMS can also periodically obtain the discharging current and discharge voltage, and regularly send BCL messages carrying the discharge current and discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device.
  • the regular sending method of the BCL message may be the same as the regular sending method of the BCL message in the existing standard.
  • the information exchange message of charging and discharging current and/or voltage is taken as an example for illustration. It can be understood that in order to realize charging and discharging of the battery, in addition to the processing of the charging and discharging phase, it may also include the processing before charging and discharging.
  • the handshake interaction between the car and the charger, the parameter configuration interaction of charging and discharging, etc., are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the communication protocol between the charger and the BMS includes a communication protocol in a vehicle to grid (vehicle to grid, V2G) mode and a grid to vehicle (grid to vehicle, G2V) mode.
  • V2G vehicle to grid
  • G2V grid to vehicle
  • FIG. 15 a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging process of the embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 15 is used as an example to illustrate, and the charging and discharging device and BMS can be referred to in Figure 4
  • the charging and discharging process includes:
  • the BMS After the user inserts the gun, the BMS enters the charging state according to the DC charging control process.
  • the charging and discharging device can also sense the state of the gun inserted, and proceed to step S1501b: After the user inserts the gun, the charging and discharging device enters the charging process state according to the control process of DC charging, more specifically, the control process in the charging and discharging device
  • the unit such as the control unit in Figure 2, controls the charging and discharging device to enter the charging process state.
  • the battery in this application is described by taking a power battery on an electric vehicle as an example, but this embodiment of the application is not limited thereto.
  • the energy storage battery is provided with a first charging gun head
  • the charging and discharging device can be provided with a first charging socket corresponding to the first charging gun head to receive the charging data transmitted from the energy storage battery. electrical energy.
  • the charging and discharging device is also provided with a second charging gun head, which is used to electrically connect with the second charging socket provided on the electric vehicle, so as to realize the transmission of electric energy from the charging and discharging device to the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the specific type and structure of the second charging gun head on the charging and discharging device can be compared with the first charging gun on the energy storage battery.
  • the specific type and structure of the charging gun head are the same.
  • the specific type and structure of the first charging socket on the charging and discharging device can be the same as the specific type and structure of the second charging socket on the electric vehicle.
  • the above-mentioned second charging gun head and the first charging gun head, as well as the first charging socket and the second charging socket may also be different. This embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this, and aims to realize the charging gun head and its corresponding The charging socket can be connected electrically.
  • the BMS can obtain the battery accumulative charging capacity threshold QChgLmt according to the state parameters of the battery pack, and enter the charging mode.
  • the state parameters in the embodiment of the present application may include the voltage of the battery cell, the temperature of the battery cell, SOH, etc.
  • the BMS may obtain the cumulative charge capacity of charging switching and discharging according to the above battery state parameters and by looking up the table. threshold.
  • the BMS acquires the battery charging demand current ReqChg_I and charging demand voltage according to the state parameters of the battery pack.
  • the charging demand current obtained by the BMS may be the maximum charging current allowed by the battery under the current state of the battery, and the charging demand current and charging demand voltage may also be obtained by the BMS through table lookup, specifically, the BMS may be Obtained according to the state parameter look-up table of the monitored battery.
  • the BMS can monitor the state parameters of the battery in real time, and obtain the real-time charging current and voltage according to the table look-up of the monitored data. For example, the BMS can obtain the real-time charging current and voltage according to a certain period of time.
  • the BMS sends the acquired charging demand current and charging demand voltage to the charging and discharging device.
  • the BMS may also carry other relevant information, such as charging required power, in the message carrying the required charging current and the required charging voltage, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS can send the above information on the charging demand current and charging demand voltage to the charging and discharging device through the national standard charging standard and CAN communication.
  • the charging and discharging device After the charging and discharging device performs step S1501b and enters the charging state, it can obtain the current power condition of the energy storage battery, such as the cascade battery, that is, S1505, to obtain the SOC value of the cascade battery.
  • the energy storage battery such as the cascade battery, that is, S1505
  • SOC state of Charge
  • the charging and discharging device confirms whether it receives the charging requirement information sent by the BMS, that is, the information including the charging requirement voltage and the charging requirement current sent by the BMS.
  • the step of obtaining the SOC of the step-by-step battery by the above-mentioned charging and discharging device and the step of determining whether to receive the charging demand from the BMS can be performed at the same time, or the charging and discharging device can also first determine the received charging demand, and then obtain the SOC value of the step-by-step battery,
  • the charging and discharging device can also first determine the received charging demand, and then obtain the SOC value of the step-by-step battery
  • the charging and discharging device may first determine whether the SOC value of the secondary battery is greater than an SOC threshold (SOC upperlimit ) of the secondary battery.
  • SOC upperlimit an SOC threshold
  • the charging and discharging device can control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to start discharging, and the output power is W SUM , specifically, the voltage output by the ladder battery can be converted by the bidirectional DC/DC converter, Charge the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device may obtain power from the grid through an AC/DC converter, and charge the secondary battery until the SOC value of the secondary battery is greater than the SOC upperlimit .
  • the charging and discharging device when the charging and discharging device in the embodiment of the present application only includes a bidirectional DC/DC converter, in order to obtain electricity from the grid to charge the ladder battery, the charging and discharging device can include AC/ Other charging and discharging devices of the DC converter send charging request messages, requesting other charging and discharging devices to charge the secondary battery through the grid.
  • the charging and discharging device when the charging and discharging device includes not only a bidirectional DC/DC converter but also an AC/DC converter, the charging and discharging device can directly control the AC/DC converter, obtain power from the grid, and charge the secondary battery.
  • the charging and discharging device converts the direct current in the secondary battery into the direct current required by the battery.
  • the charging and discharging device outputs a DC current to the battery to charge the battery according to the requirements of the BMS.
  • the above-mentioned busbar may refer to the high voltage line 250 in FIG. 2 .
  • the BMS determines whether the battery is currently fully charged according to the maximum charging voltage of the battery, that is, Ucell_max>Ucell_FullChg, where Ucell_max is the maximum charging voltage that the battery can allow, and Ucell_FullChg is the voltage value at which the battery reaches full charge.
  • the charging and discharging device determines whether a command to stop charging is received.
  • the charging and discharging device confirms that it has received the command to stop charging, and performs a normal power-off process to end charging.
  • the BMS determines that the maximum charging voltage allowed by the battery is less than the full charging voltage of the battery, further determine whether the accumulated charging capacity Qchg is greater than or equal to the charging capacity threshold Qchglmt.
  • the BMS determines that the accumulated charging capacity Qchg is less than the charging capacity threshold Qchglmt, the BMS re-enters step 1503, and makes the charging and discharging device continue to charge the battery according to the latest acquired charging current.
  • the BMS determines that the accumulated charging capacity is greater than or equal to the charging capacity threshold, then it may look up a table to obtain the accumulated discharging capacity threshold according to the state parameters of the battery, and control the battery to enter the discharging mode.
  • the BMS further obtains the discharge demand current ReqDischg_I by looking up a table according to the state parameters of the battery.
  • the discharge demand current may be a maximum allowable discharge current, where the current may be obtained by obtaining state parameters of the battery and looking up a table at different temperatures.
  • the BMS sends a message including a required discharge current and a required discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the required discharging power is Wsum_dischg.
  • the charging and discharging device can determine whether the discharging required message is received, that is The above includes the information of the discharge required current and the discharge required voltage.
  • the charging and discharging device releases the electricity of the first discharge requirement power to the ladder battery, and releases the electricity of the second discharge requirement power to the grid, wherein the first discharge requirement power is Wsum_dischg-WDischgLmt, and the first discharge requirement power is Wsum_dischg-WDischgLmt, Second, the discharge required power is WDischgLmt.
  • the DC power in the battery if the DC power in the battery is to be released into the grid, the DC power needs to be converted into AC power.
  • the bidirectional AC/DC converter in the charger and other charging and discharging devices discharges the power of the battery to the grid, or, when the charging and discharging device includes a bidirectional AC/DC converter, the charging and discharging device can directly control the bidirectional DC/DC converter and a bidirectional AC/DC converter to discharge the battery's charge into the grid.
  • the charging and discharging device can discharge all the electric power of the battery to the secondary battery through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the discharging power is Wsum_dischg.
  • the charging and discharging device discharges the battery according to the requirement of the BMS.
  • the charging and discharging device outputs a DC current according to the requirements of the BMS.
  • the BMS determines whether QDischg is greater than or equal to the cumulative discharge capacity threshold QDischgLmt.
  • step S1520 If QDischg is smaller than QDischgLmt, the BMS returns to step S1520, so that the charging and discharging device continues to discharge the battery.
  • step S1529 if QDischg is greater than or equal to QDischgLmt, then the BMS clears the accumulative charging capacity Qchg and QDischg, recalculates Qchg and QDischg, and returns to step S1502 to continue switching the charging and discharging process.
  • a short-term discharge step of a small rate current can be added, and the negative lithium ions in the battery can be eliminated in time.
  • the charging rate can be greatly improved, and the charging time is shortened as a whole.
  • the battery can alternately carry out charging and discharging modes, avoiding the problem of traditional one-way charging that must be heated until the battery pack temperature reaches a certain level before gradually increasing the charging current.
  • the charging and discharging device can only charge and discharge the battery through the cascade battery, or it can be further combined with unidirectional or bidirectional AC/DC to charge and discharge through the grid, with flexible configuration and strong system mobility.
  • Fig. 16 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a charging and discharging device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the charging and discharging device 1600 may include: a bidirectional DC/DC converter 1610 and a control unit 1620 .
  • control unit is configured to: receive the first charging current sent by the battery management system BMS of the battery, and based on the first charging current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to pass the energy storage battery Charging the battery; receiving a first discharge current sent by the BMS, and based on the first discharge current, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the power of the battery into the energy storage battery , wherein, the first discharge current is when the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the discharging current sent by the BMS; receiving the second charging current sent by the BMS, and based on the second charging current, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery, wherein, the second charging current is the charging current sent by the BMS when the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to a first accumulated discharge amount threshold.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a second discharge current sent by the BMS, and based on the second discharge current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the power of the battery to In the energy storage battery, wherein the second discharge current is when the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the battery cell of the full charge voltage, the BMS sends the discharge current.
  • control unit is further configured to: according to the first discharge current, determine that the discharge demand power of the battery is less than a discharge power threshold; control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to discharge the battery power into the energy storage battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: according to the first discharge current, determine that the discharge demand power of the battery is greater than or equal to a discharge power threshold;
  • the battery discharges the electric quantity of the first discharge demand power, and controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to release the electric quantity of the second discharge demand power to the grid through the second charging and discharging device, wherein the first discharge demand power and the The sum of the second discharge requirement powers is equal to the discharge requirement power.
  • control unit is further configured to: obtain a state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery; determine that the SOC is greater than or equal to a state of charge threshold, and based on the first charging current, control the bidirectional DC/DC converter to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: obtain the state of charge value SOC of the energy storage battery; the control unit is specifically configured to: determine that the SOC is less than a state of charge threshold; The device sends a charging request message, so that the second charging and discharging device charges the energy storage battery through the grid; determines that the SOC is greater than or equal to the state of charge threshold, and based on the first charging current, controls
  • the bidirectional DC/DC converter can charge the battery through the energy storage battery.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a charging stop command sent by the BMS, and stop charging the battery, wherein the charging stop command is when the voltage of a battery cell of the battery exceeds the The command sent by the BMS when the battery is fully charged.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • At least one of the first charging current, the first discharging current and the second charging current is determined by the BMS according to a state parameter of the battery; wherein, the state parameter of the battery Including at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge, and battery state of health.
  • control unit is specifically configured to: periodically receive the first charging current sent by the BMS; and/or regularly receive the first discharge current sent by the BMS; and/or regularly receive the The second charging current sent by the BMS.
  • control unit is further configured to: receive a first charging voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first charging voltage and the first charging current are carried in a first battery charging demand BCL message; And/or, receiving the first discharge voltage sent by the BMS, wherein the first discharge voltage and the first discharge current are carried in the second BCL message; and/or, receiving the first discharge voltage sent by the BMS Two charging voltages, wherein the second charging voltage and the second charging current are carried in the third BCL message.
  • Fig. 17 shows a schematic structural block diagram of a battery management system BMS 1700 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the BMS 1700 includes: an acquisition unit 1710, a sending unit 1720 and a processing unit 1630.
  • the obtaining unit is used to obtain the first charging current; the sending unit is used to send the first charging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device charges the battery based on the first charging current; the processing unit When it is used to determine that the first accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cell does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cell, the obtaining unit is also used to obtain the first discharge current; send The unit is also used to send the first discharge current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls the discharge of the battery based on the first discharging current; optionally, the processing unit is also used to determine that the first accumulated discharge amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the first When a cumulative discharge threshold is reached, the obtaining unit is also used to obtain a second charging current; the sending unit is also used to send the second charging current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine that when the second accumulated charging amount of the battery is greater than or equal to the second accumulated charging amount threshold and the voltage of the battery cells of the battery does not exceed the full charge voltage of the battery cells, the acquiring unit is further configured to Obtaining a second discharge current; the sending unit is also used to send the second discharge current to the charging and discharging device, so that the charging and discharging device controls battery discharge based on the second discharging current.
  • the processing unit is also used to determine that the voltage of the battery cell exceeds the full charge voltage of the battery cell, and the sending unit is also used to send a charging stop command to the charging and discharging device, and the charging stopping command is used to instruct the charging and discharging device to stop Charge the battery.
  • the charging rate of the first charging current and/or the second charging current ranges from 2C to 10C.
  • the discharge rate of the first discharge current and/or the second discharge current ranges from 0.1C to 1C.
  • the ratio of the first accumulated discharge threshold to the first accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%, and/or the ratio of the second accumulated discharge threshold to the second accumulated charge threshold is less than or equal to 10%.
  • the obtaining unit is used to obtain the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first charging current according to the state parameters; and/or, the obtaining unit is used to obtain the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first discharge current according to the state parameters; and/or Or, the acquiring unit is used to acquire the state parameters of the battery, and determine the first discharge current according to the state parameters; wherein, the state parameters of the battery include at least one of the following parameters: battery temperature, battery voltage, battery current, battery state of charge and battery health status.
  • the acquiring unit is used to periodically acquire the first charging current, and the sending unit is used to periodically send the first charging current to the charging and discharging device; and/or, the acquiring unit is used to periodically acquire the first discharging current, and the sending unit is used to The first discharge current is regularly sent to the charging and discharging device; and/or, the obtaining unit is used to regularly obtain the second charging current, and the sending unit is used to regularly send the second charging current to the charging and discharging device.
  • the obtaining unit is also used to obtain the first charging voltage
  • the sending unit is also used to send the first charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first charging current and the first charging voltage are carried in the first battery charging demand BCL In the message
  • the acquiring unit is also used to acquire the first discharge voltage
  • the sending unit is also used to send the first discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the first discharging current and the first discharging voltage are carried in the second In the BCL message
  • the sending unit is also used to obtain the second charging voltage
  • the sending unit is also used to send the second charging voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the second charging current and the second charging voltage are carried in the first In the three BCL messages
  • the obtaining unit is also used to obtain the second discharge voltage
  • the sending unit is also used to send the second discharge voltage to the charging and discharging device, wherein the second discharging current and the second discharging voltage are carried in In the fourth BCL
  • FIG. 18 shows a schematic structural block diagram of an electronic device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an electronic device 1800 includes a memory 1810 and a processor 1820, wherein the memory 1810 is used to store a computer program, and the processor 1820 is used to read the computer program and execute the aforementioned various tasks of the present application based on the computer program. Example method.
  • the electronic device 1800 can be used for any one or more of BMS and charging and discharging device.
  • the processor in the BMS in addition to the processor in the charging and discharging device reading the corresponding computer program and executing the charging method corresponding to the charging and discharging device in the above various embodiments based on the computer program, the processor in the BMS can also read The corresponding computer program executes the charging method corresponding to the BMS in the foregoing various embodiments based on the computer program.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a readable storage medium for storing a computer program, and the computer program is used to execute the methods in the foregoing various embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer program may be a computer program in the above charging and discharging device and/or BMS.
  • sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined by their functions and internal logic, and should not be used in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种充放电装置和电池充电的方法，能够保证电池的安全性能。该装置包括：双向DC/DC转换器和控制单元；所述控制单元用于：接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中；接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。

Description

充放电装置和电池充电的方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，特别是涉及一种充放电装置和电池充电的方法。
背景技术
随着时代的发展，电动汽车由于其高环保性、低噪音、使用成本低等优点，具有巨大的市场前景且能够有效促进节能减排，有利社会的发展和进步。
对于电动汽车及其相关领域而言，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素，尤其是电池的安全性能，影响电池相关产品的发展和应用，且影响大众对电动汽车的接受度。因此，如何保证电池的安全性能，是一个待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种充放电装置和电池充电的方法，能够保证电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供了一种充放电装置，该装置包括：双向DC/DC转换器和控制单元；所述控制单元用于：接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第一放电电流是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电电流是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
通过本申请实施例的技术方案，提供了一种可实现于充放电装置以及BMS之间的充电方法，在对电池进行充电的过程中，充放电装置可基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能，并且，通过储能电池对电池进行充放电，可以满足不同场合下的电池的快速充电需求。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第二放电电流，并基于所述第二放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压 时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
通过该实现方式的技术方案，通过BMS和充放电之间的信息交互，完成对电池的充电、放电以及再次充电之后，可进一步地对电池进行再次放电。按照该方式，本申请实施例可进一步提供一种多次循环的充放电方法，充电和放电过程依次循环进行，在保证电池性能的基础上，实现对电池的逐步充电。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率小于放电功率阈值；控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中。
通过将电池的电量释放到梯次电池中，一方面，可以在电池充电过程中增加放电过程，消除锂离子堆积，提升充电速度，另一方面，可以为梯次电池充电，避免了能源浪费。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率大于或等于放电功率阈值；控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以向所述储能电池释放第一放电需求功率的电量，并控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过第二充放电装置向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量，其中，所述第一放电需求功率和所述第二放电需求功率的和等于所述放电需求功率。
在本申请实施例中，当电池的放电功率超过梯次电池的放电功率阈值时，充放电装置可以将部分电量释放到电网中，从而在实现充电过程中进行放电的同时，保证了梯次电池的安全。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；确定所述SOC大于或等于荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电。
本申请实施例中的充放电装置在对电池进行充电之前，可以先对储能电池的荷电状态进行判断，并且在储能电池的电量充足时才会利用储能电池对电池进行充电。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；所述控制单元具体用于：确定所述SOC小于荷电状态阈值；向所述第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，使得所述第二充放电装置通过所述电网对所述储能电池充电；确定所述SOC大于或等于所述荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
当确定储能电池的电量不足时，本申请实施例中的充放电装置可以通过发送充电请求消息，使得电网可以为梯次电池充电，并在梯次电池的电量充足时，再利用梯次电池对电池进行充电，从而可以提高充电效率。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，并停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
本申请实施例中的充放电装置可以根据BMS的实时需求，及时调整对电池进行充放电过程的切换，并且确定是否继续对电池进行充电，从而可以提升充电效率。
在一些实施例中，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范 围为2C至10C之间。
通过该实现方式的技术方案，在保证电池的安全性能的基础上，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间，可以实现大电流快速充电，以提高单次充电过程中电池的充电量，实现快速充电的目的。
另外，受限于持续充电过程中锂离子在负极聚集，充电电流也受到了限制，因而无法利用持续的大电流实现对电池的快速充电，而本申请实施例的技术方案，利用大电流对电池进行充电，且在一次大电流充电后对电池进行放电，释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，进而后续可以再次利用大电流对电池进行充电，以实现电池的快速充电。
在一些实施例中，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
通过该实现方式的技术方案，第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间，以实现小电流放电，旨在通过电池小电流的放电，释放聚集于电池负极的锂离子，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
在一些实施例中，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
通过该实现方式的技术方案，设置放电过程中的累积放电量阈值以及充电过程中的累积充电阈值的比例，可以更好的控制充电过程中电池的充电量和放电过程中电池的放电量，使得放电量较小，不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
在一些实施例中，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
通过该实现方式的技术方案，第一充电电流、第二充电电流和第一放电电流中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流时，其可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，提升电池的充电效率和/或放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元具体用于：定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流。
在该实现方式中，充放电装置在对电池进行单次充电和/或单次放电的过程中，充电电流和/或放电电流是BMS定期发送的，一方面，可以通过该实施方式，可定期调整充电电流和/或放电电流，以提高充放电效率，另一方面，还可以通过该定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，表示BMS和电池的状态正常，方便充放电装置继续对电池进行充电或控制电池放电，以保证电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求报文中；和/或，接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中；和/或，接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第三电池充电需求报文中。
在该实现方式中，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信可兼容现有的充电桩和BMS之间的通信协议，因此，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信便于实现，且具有良好的应用前景。
第二方面，提供了一种电池充电的方法，该方法应用于一种充放电装置，该方法包括：所述充放电装置接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第一放电电流是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电电流是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
第三方面，提供了一种电池管理系统BMS，包括：获取单元，用于获取第一充电电流，发送单元，用于将第一充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电；处理单元，用于确定电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，获取单元还用于获取第一放电电流；发送单元还用于将第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电；处理单元还用于确定电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，获取单元还用于获取第二充电电流；发送单元还用于将第二充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
第四方面，提供一种电池充电的方法，包括：电池管理系统BMS获取第一充电电流，并将第一充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电；若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流，并将第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电；若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取第二充电电流，并将第二充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
第五方面，提供了一种充放电装置，包括处理器和存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于调用该计算机程序，执行如上述第二方面和第二方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，提供了一种电池管理系统BMS，包括处理器和存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于调用该计算机程序，执行如上述第四方面和第四方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图3是本申请实施例使用的另一种充电系统的架构图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的电池的充电电流和放电电流的示意性波形图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法的示意性流程框图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的一个电池充电的流程示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种充放电装置的示意性结构框图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理系统BMS的示意性结构框图；
图18是本申请一个实施例的电子装置的示意性结构框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在新能源领域中，动力电池可作为用电装置(例如车辆、船舶或航天器等)的主要动力源，而储能电池可作为用电装置的充电来源，二者的重要性均不言而喻。作为示例而非限定，在一些应用场景中，动力电池可为用电装置中的电池，储能电池可为充电装置中的电池。为了便于描述，在下文中，动力电池和储能电池均可统称为电池。
目前，市面上的电池多为可充电的蓄电池，最常见的是锂电池，例如锂离子电池或锂离子聚合物电池等等。在充电过程中，一般采用持续充电的方式对电池进行充电，而对电池进行持续充电会造成电池的析锂、发热等现象的发生，其中，析锂、发热等现象不仅会使电池性能下降，循环寿命大幅缩短，还限制了电池的快充容量，并有可能引起燃烧、爆炸等灾难性后果，造成严重的安全问题。
为了保证电池的安全性能，本申请提出一种新的电池的充电方法和充电系统。
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的一种充电系统的架构图。
如图1所示，该充电系统100可包括：充放电装置110和电池系统120，可选地，该电池系统120可为电动汽车(包含纯电动汽车和可插电的混合动力电动汽车)中的电池系统或者其它应用场景下的电池系统。
可选地，电池系统120中可设置有至少一个电池包(battery pack)，该至少一个电池包的整体可统称为电池121。从电池的种类而言，该电池121可以是任意类型的电池，包括但不限于：锂离子电池、锂金属电池、锂硫电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、或者锂空气电池等等。从电池的规模而言，本申请实施例中的电池121可以是电芯/电池单体(cell)，也可以是电池模组或电池包，电池模组或电池包均可由多个电池串并联形成，在本申请实施例中，电池121的具体类型和规模均不做具体限定。
此外，为了智能化管理及维护该电池121，防止电池出现过充电和过放电，延长电池的使用寿命，电池系统120中一般还设置有电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)122，用于监控电池121的状态。可选地，该BMS 122可以与电池121集成设置于同一设备/装置中，或者，该BMS 122也可作为独立的设备/装置设置于电池121之外。
具体地，充放电装置110是一种为电池系统120中的电池121补充电能和/或控制电池121放电的装置。
可选地，本申请实施例中的充放电装置110可以为普通充电桩、超级充电桩、支持汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式的充电桩，或者可以对电池进行充和/或放电的充放电装置/设备等。本申请实施例对充放电装置110的具体类型和具体应用场景不做限定。
可选地，如图1所示，充放电装置110可通过电线150连接于电池121，且通过通信线140连接于BMS 122，其中，通信线140用于实现充放电装置110以及BMS之间的信息交互。
作为示例，该通信线140包括但不限于是控制器局域网(control area network，CAN)通信总线或者菊花链(daisy chain)通信总线。
可选地，充放电装置110除了可通过通信线140与BMS 122进行通信以外，还可以通过无线网络与BMS 122进行通信。本申请实施例对充放电装置与BMS 122的有线通信类型或无线通信类型均不做具体限定。
图2示出了本申请实施例可以应用的一种电池充电的方法200的示意性流程框图。可选地，本申请实施例的方法200可适用于上文图1所示的充放电装置110和电 池系统120。
如图2所示，该电池充电的方法200可包括以下步骤。
步骤210：电池管理系统BMS获取第一充电电流。
步骤220：BMS向充放电装置发送第一充电电流。
步骤230：充放电装置接收第一充电电流，并基于第一充电电流对电池充电。
步骤240：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流。
步骤250：BMS向充放电装置发送第一放电电流。
步骤260：充放电装置接收第一放电电流，并基于第一放电电流控制电池放电。
在本申请实施例中，提供了一种可实现于充放电装置以及BMS之间的充电方法，在对电池进行充电的过程中，充放电装置可基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，避免持续对电池充电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题。由于发热会造成电池温度上升，锂离子聚集产生的结晶物可能会刺穿电池，引发电解液泄露造成电池短路，电池温度上升和电池短路等均可能会造成电池的安全问题，例如引发电池燃烧或爆炸等。因此，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，充放电装置基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，可以保证电池的安全性能。另外，持续充电的过程中，锂离子持续聚集也会造成析锂问题，影响电池的使用寿命和充电能力，因此，通过本申请实施例的技术方案，也可保证电池的使用寿命和充电容量。
具体地，在步骤210至步骤230中，BMS可先进入充电模式以控制充放电装置对电池充电，首先，BMS获取第一充电电流，在BMS向充放电装置发送第一充电电流后，充放电装置基于接收的第一充电电流对电池充电。
可选地，BMS可从其自身的功能单元(例如，存储单元或者处理单元)中获取第一充电电流，或者，BMS也可从其它装置获取第一充电电流。在一些实施方式中，该第一充电电流可为预设电流，该预设电流可以为固定值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第一充电电流也可为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该第一充电电流随电池的状态参数的变化而变化。
可选地，充放电装置可连接于电源，该电源可为交流电源和/或直流电源，充放电装置接收第一充电电流的信息后，基于第一充电电流，通过交流电源和/或直流电源对电池充电。
进一步地，当充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的第一累积充电量，并判断该第一累积充电量是否大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值，若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流。
具体地，如上文图1中对于电池的说明可知，电池可包括一个或多个电池单体，BMS可通过监控电池中一个或多个电池单体的电压，以监控该电池是否达到满充状态。可选地，若电池包括多个电池单体，则多个电池单体的电压可能不同，在该情 况下，可通过判断电池单体的最大电压是否超过电池单体的满充电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态。或者，在其它方式中，除了电池单体的最大电压以外，也可利用电池中电池单体的其它电压，判断电池是否达到满充状态。
在电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，即电池未达到满充状态的前提下，若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值，BMS获取第一放电电流，即对于电池来说，由充电模式转入放电模式。
可选地，上述第一累积充电量可以为第一累积充电容量或者也可以为第一累积充电电量。对应的，若第一累积充电量为第一累积充电容量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第一累积充电容量阈值，若第一累积充电量为第一累积充电电量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第一累积充电电量阈值。
在一些实施方式中，上述第一累积充电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第一累积充电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确定，即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第一累积充电量阈值也随之变化，通过该实施方式，第一累积充电量阈值可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的充电过程，提升电池的充电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
进一步地，在步骤240至步骤260中，BMS获取第一放电电流，并将该第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，充放电装置基于接收到的第一放电电流控制电池放电。
可选地，BMS可从其自身的功能单元(例如，存储单元或者处理单元)中获取第一放电电流，或者，BMS也可从其它装置获取第一放电电流。在一些实施方式中，该第一放电电流可为预设电流，该预设电流可以为固定值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。或者，在另一些实施方式中，该第一放电电流也可为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该第一放电电流随电池的状态参数的变化而变化。在一些实施方式中，在放电模式或放电阶段，可将电池的电传输至储能装置中和/或电网，有利于电能的循环利用。该储能装置可以设置于充放电装置中也可设置于充放电装置以外，旨在使得其可接收电池的放电电流，本申请实施例对储能装置的具体设置不做限定。可选的，在放电模式，也可将电池的电量用其他方式消耗，本申请实施例对消耗电能的具体方式不做限定。
进一步地，在充放电装置控制电池放电的过程中，BMS可获取电池在放电过程中的第一累积放电量，并判断该第一累积放电量是否大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值。
可选地，上述第一累积放电量可以为第一累积放电容量或者也可以为第一累积放电电量。对应的，若第一累积放电量为第一累积放电容量，则第一累积放电量阈值为第一累积放电容量阈值，若第一累积放电量为第一累积放电电量，则第一累积放电量阈值为第一累积放电电量阈值。
在一些实施方式中，上述第一累积放电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第一累积放电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确 定，即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第一累积放电量阈值也随之变化，通过该实施方式，第一累积放电量阈值可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的放电过程，提升电池的放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
当第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，充放电装置控制电池停止放电。
通过上述过程，充放电装置基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题，继而避免由于发热、锂离子聚集等问题引发电池的安全问题，例如电池燃烧或爆炸等，保证电池的安全性能。另外，基于第一充电电流对电池充到第一累计充电量后再基于第一放电电流将电池的电量释放到第一累计放电量，可以释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，防止持续充电中产生的析锂问题，从而提升电池的使用寿命和充电能力。
对于电池充电来说，在经过一次充电以及一次放电之后，可继续对电池进行第二次充电，以继续对电池进行充电。
可选地，如图2所示，本申请实施例中的电池充电的方法200还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤270：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取第二充电电流。
步骤280：BMS向充放电装置发送第二充电电流。
步骤290：充放电装置接收第二充电电流，并基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
具体地，在上述步骤270至步骤290中，BMS判断电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，BMS获取第二充电电流，并将该第二充电电流发送至充放电装置，充放电装置基于接收的第二充电电流继续对电池充电，即对于电池来说，由放电模式重新进入充电模式。可选地，该步骤270至步骤290的其它相关技术方案可以参见上文中步骤210至步骤230的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
可理解的，在上述申请实施例中，对电池进行充放电除了上述充放电所需的电流信息，还需要充放电所需的电压信息，例如，在步骤210至230中：BMS获取第一充电电流和第一充电电压，并向充放电装置发送该第一充电电流和第一充电电压，该充放电装置用于基于该第一充电电流和第一充电电压对电池充电；在步骤240至260中，BMS获取第一放电电流和第一放电电压，并向充放电装置发送该第一放电电流和第一放电电压，该充放电装置用于基于该第一放电电流和该第一放电电压对电池放电。后续充放电过程可与上述充放电过程类似，不再赘述。
一般情况下，充放电装置可以利用电网对电动汽车进行充电，但是，在大型停车场等特殊环境中，还可以进一步在图1的基础上增加储能电池，利用储能电池对动力电池进行充电，以满足特殊场景下的电动汽车快速充电的需求。
图3示出了本申请实施例可以适用的另一种充电系统30的架构示意图。如图3所示，该充电系统30可包括：充放电装置310、电池系统320和储能电池330。
关于电池系统320的描述可以参见上述图1中关于电池系统120的描述。
可选地，本申请实施例中的储能电池330可以为梯次电池，或者，储能电池330可以储能站的形式存在，梯次电池或者储能站可以通过电网充电，或者也可以通过直流电，如光伏电源等进行充电，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
如图3所示，该充放电装置310可以包括双向DC/DC转换器311和控制单元312。此时，该充放电装置310可以为直流充电桩，其可以输出可调直流电，从而为动力电池321，如电动汽车的动力电池等进行充电。具体地，该充放电装置310中的双向DC/DC转换器311可以通过将储能电池330输出的功率类型转换为动力电池321需要的功率类型，从而实现为动力电池321进行充电。控制单元312中可包括控制器和/或处理器，用于控制双向DC/DC转换器311通过储能电池330对动力电池321进行充放电的过程，以及充放电装置310中其它电学元器件的运行。
图4示出了本申请实施例的另一电池充电的方法400的示意性流程框图，该方法400可以是由图3中的充电系统30来实现的。
如图4所示，该电池充电的方法400包括步骤410至步骤490。
与图1中的充电系统10相比，由于本申请实施例中可以应用的充电系统30具有储能电池330，并且充放电装置310可以包括双向DC/DC转换器311和控制单元312，因此，两种充电系统对应的方法即图2和图4中的充电的方法会有所不同，以下针对两个实施例中不同的步骤进行描述，其余步骤相似，本申请实施例不再做重复赘述。
步骤410至420与图2中的步骤210至220相同。
步骤430，充放电装置接收第一充电电流，并基于第一充电电流控制双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对电池充电。
步骤440至步骤450与图2中的步骤240至250相同。
步骤460，充放电装置接收第一放电电流，并基于第一放电电流，控制双向DC/DC转换器以将电池的电量释放到储能电池中。
步骤470至480与图2中的步骤270至280相同。
步骤490，充放电装置接收第二充电电流，并基于第二充电电流，控制双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对电池充电。
由于储能电池中的电流是直流电，因此，充放电装置可以通过其中的双向DC/DC转换器，为电池进行充放电。
通过本申请实施例的电池充电的方法400，在对电池进行充电的过程中，充放电装置可基于BMS发送的第一充电电流和第一放电电流实现对电池的充电和放电，避免持续对电池充电，从而避免电池因持续充电造成的发热、锂离子聚集等问题。而且，本申请实施例中的电池充电的方法可以通过充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器，利用储能电池对电池进行充放电，从而可以满足大型停车场等场景下的动力电池快速充电的需求。
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法500的示意性流程框图。
如图5所示，该电池充电的方法500除了包括上述步骤410至步骤490以外，还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤510：若电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第二放电电流。
步骤520：BMS向充放电装置发送第二放电电流。
步骤530：充放电装置接收第二放电电流，并基于第二放电电流控制双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中。
在本申请实施例中，通过BMS和充放电之间的信息交互，完成对电池的充电、放电以及再次充电、再次放电。按照该方式，本申请实施例可进一步提供一种多次循环的充放电方法，充电和放电过程依次循环进行，在保证电池安全性能的基础上，实现对电池的逐步充电。
具体地，在步骤510中，当充放电装置基于第二充电电流利用储能电池对电池充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的第二累积充电量，并判断该第二累积充电量是否大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值。
可选地，该第二累积充电量可以仅为充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池的充电量，或者，该第二累积充电量也可以为电池当前的总充电量，作为示例，该电池当前总的充电量＝基于第一充电电流的充电量+基于第二充电电流的充电量-基于第一放电电流的放电量。对应的，第二累积充电量阈值也可以为基于单次充电的充电量阈值，或者，第二累积充电量阈值也可以为基于总充电量的充电量阈值。
与上文介绍的第一累积充电量和第一累积充电量阈值类似，本申请实施例中，第二累积充电量可以为第二累积充电容量或者也可以为第二累积充电电量。对应的，若第二累积充电量为第二累积充电容量，则第一累积充电量阈值为第二累积充电容量阈值，若第二累积充电量为第二累积充电电量，则第二累积充电量阈值为第二累积充电电量阈值。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，上述第二累积充电量阈值可以为预设阈值，该预设阈值可以为固定阈值，或者也可以随时间按照预设方式进行变化。
在另一些实施方式中，该第二累积充电量阈值也可以根据电池的状态参数确定，即电池的状态参数发生变化时，该第二累积充电量阈值也随之变化。
进一步地，在步骤510中，当第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值，且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，BMS获取第二放电电流。且在步骤520至步骤530中，BMS将该第二放电电流发送给充放电装置，且充放电装置基于接收到的第二放电电流控制双向DC/DC转换器将电量释放到储能电池。
具体地，上述步骤中的其它相关技术方案可以参见上文步骤240至步骤260的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
作为示例，图6示出了一种本申请实施例提供的电池的充电电流和放电电流的示意性波形图。
如图6所示，从t 1至t 2时段，充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电，充电至该电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且该电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，从t 2至t 3时段，充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电，放电至该电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，可选的， 第一放电电流的持续时间可小于第一充电电流的持续时间。从t 3至t 4时段，充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池继续充电，充电至该电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且该电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，从t 4至t 5时段，充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电，放电至该电池的第二累积放电量大于或等于第二累积放电量阈值，可选的，第二充电电流的持续时间可小于第一充电电流的持续时间。可以理解的，上述充放过程持续进行直至该电池充满。
需要说明的是，图6中仅示意性的示出了第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流的波形图，第一充电电流在t 1至t 2可为如图6所示的恒定电流，或者也可以为随时间变化的变化电流，类似地，第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流可为如图6所示的恒定电流，或者也可以为随时间变化的变化电流。另外，图6中示意性的示出的第一充电电流和第二充电电流的大小相同，第一放电电流和第二放电电流的大小相同，除此之外，第一充电电流和第二充电电流的大小也可以不同，第一放电电流和第二放电电流的大小也可以不同，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。
在图4和图5中的充电的方法中，充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制双向DC/DC转换器将电池的电量进行释放，可选地，充放电装置可以将需要释放的电量全部释放到储能电池中，或者，也可以一部分释放到储能电池中，另一部分释放到电网中。
具体地，作为一种实现方式，图7示出了本申请实施例提供的另一个电池充放电的流程示意图。
如图7所示，该充放电流程700包括步骤410至步骤490，其中，步骤410至450以及470至490与前述步骤相同。步骤461和462可以对应于前述步骤460。
步骤761，充放电装置根据第一放电电流，确定电池的放电需求功率小于放电功率阈值。
步骤762，充放电装置控制双向DC/DC转换器以将电池的电量释放到储能电池中。
应理解，本申请实施例中的放电功率阈值是储能电池的放电功率阈值，当确定动力电池的放电需求功率小于储能电池的阈值时，可以将动力电池的电量释放到储能电池中，一方面，可以实现充电过程中对动力电池进行放电，即使消除锂离子堆积现象，另一方面，可以保证动力电池释放的电量在储能电池可以接收的范围内，从而确保储能电池的正常使用，而且，动力电池释放的电量还可以为储能电池充电，避免了能源的浪费。
应理解，电池的放电需求功率阈值可以根据电池的放电电流和放电电压计算得到。
可选地，本申请实施例中的充放电系统30还可以包括第二充放电装置360和电网370，其中，第二充放电装置360可以包括双向AC/DC转换器。可选地，第二充放电装置360可以通过高压线350分别与储能电池330和电网370连接。
可选地，第二充放电装置360也可以包括控制单元，该控制单元可以通过通信 线340与充放电装置进行信息交互。
作为另一种实现方式，图8示出了本申请实施例提供的另一个电池充放电的流程示意图。如图8所示，该电池放电的流程800包括步骤410至步骤490，其中，步骤410至450以及470至490与前述步骤相同。以下仅对其中的不同步骤进行描述。
步骤861，充放电装置根据第一放电电流，确定电池的放电需求功率大于或等于放电功率阈值。
步骤862，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以向所述储能电池释放第一放电需求功率的电量，
步骤863，并控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过第二充放电装置向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量。其中，所述第一放电需求功率和所述第二放电需求功率的和等于所述放电需求功率。
当本申请实施例中的动力电池的放电需求功率大于储能电池的放电功率阈值时，充放电装置可以控制将动力电池的部分电量释放到储能电池中，并将动力电池的剩余电量释放到电网中，如图3中示出的电网370。具体地，例如，上述动力电池的放电需求功率可以为Wsum，储能电池的放电功率阈值可以为WDischglmt，上述第一放电需求功率的电量可以为放电需求功率Wsum与放电功率阈值WDischglmt的差值相等的电量，即Wsum-WDischgLmt，第二放电需求功率可以为与放电功率阈值相同的的电量，即WDischgLmt，如此，便可以使得动力电池在充电过程中，实现放电流程。
应理解，当本申请实施例中的充放电装置为仅包括双向DC/DC转换器的装置的情况下，其是直流充电装置，即只能将直流电转化为不同功率的直流电，而不能进行交流电的转换，因此，为了实现将动力电池的电量释放到电网中，本申请实施例中的充放电装置还可以控制双向DC/DC转换器通过第二充放电装置进行放电，此处，可选地，第二充放电装置可以包括双向AC/DC转换器。具体地，例如，充放电装置可以通过双向DC/DC转换器和第二充放电装置中的双向AC/DC转换器，将动力电池的电量释放到电网中。
由于本申请实施例中的充电系统是利用储能电池对电池进行充放电，而储能电池在电量不足时将不能为电池进行充电，作为一种实现方式，图9提供了本申请实施例的另一个电池充电的方法的流程示意图。
如图9所示，该电池充放电的流程900包括步骤410至步骤490，其中，以下仅对其中的不同步骤进行描述。
步骤931，充放电装置获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC。
步骤932，充放电装置确定所述SOC大于或等于荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电。
应理解，本申请实施例中的储能电池可以在自身电量大于或等于一定阈值时才为动力电池进行充电，而在自身电量小于阈值时，先对自身的电量进行补充后，再对动力电池进行充电。
与图9相对的，作为另一种实现方式，图10提供了本申请实施例的另一个电池充电的方法的流程示意图。
如图10所示，该电池充放电的流程1000包括步骤410至步骤490，其中，以下仅对其中的不同步骤进行描述。
步骤1031，获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC。
步骤1032，确定所述SOC小于荷电状态阈值。
步骤1033，向所述第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，使得所述第二充放电装置通过所述电网对所述储能电池充电。
步骤1034，确定所述SOC大于或等于所述荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
应理解，本申请中的储能电池在电量不足时，可以通过交流电源进行充电。可选地，例如，控制单元可以通过通信线向第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，请求第二充放电装置通过电网为储能电池充电，此时第二充放电装置可以包括AC/DC转换器。或者可选地，本申请实施例中的储能电池也可以通过直流电源进行充电，此时，储能电池可以利用第二充放电装置中DC/DC转换器，通过直流电源，如光伏电源等进行充电，本申请对储能电池的充电方式不做限定。
可选地，本申请实施例中的动力电池也可以通过电网直接进行充电，例如，电网可以通过第二充放电装置(如其中的双向AC/DC转换器)和本申请中的充放电装置(如其中的双向DC/DC转换器)对动力电池直接进行充电。
图11示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法1100的示意性流程框图。
如图11所示，该电池充电的方法1100除了包括上述步骤410至步骤490以外，还可进一步包括以下步骤。
步骤1110：若电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS向充放电装置发送充电停止命令。
步骤1120：充放电装置停止对电池充电。
具体地，如上文所述，BMS可通过监控电池中一个或多个电池单体的电压，以监控该电池是否达到满充状态。可选地，在一些实施方式中，可通过判断电池单体的最大电压是否超过电池单体的满充电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态。当电池单体的最大电压超过电池单体的满充电压，则说明电池达到满充状态，BMS此时向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，该充电停止命令用于指示充放电装置停止对电池充电，以使得充放电装置停止对电池充电。
可选地，该步骤1110和步骤1120可在电池的充电阶段执行，换言之，当BMS进入充电模式，且充放电装置接收BMS发送的充电电流后，对电池进行充电的过程中，BMS可获取电池的电池单体的电压，以判断电池是否达到满充状态，一旦电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，则BMS向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，以使得充放电装置停止对电池充电。
因此，图11仅示意性的示出了步骤1110和步骤1120执行于步骤490之后，即执行于第二次充电过程中，可以理解的是，该步骤1110和步骤1120还可以执行于多次充放电的任意一次充电过程中。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，由于利用了充放电装置对电池进行充电、放电以及再次充电，可以防止持续充电对电池引发的安全问题，进一步地，上述方法中的充电电流可以为大电流，以提高单次充电过程中电池的充电量，实现快速充电的目的。
另外，受限于持续充电过程中锂离子在负极聚集，充电电流也受到了限制，因而无法利用持续的大电流实现对电池的快速充电，而本申请实施例的技术方案，利用大电流对电池进行充电，且在一次大电流充电后对电池进行放电，释放充电过程中聚集于电池负极的锂离子，进而后续可以再次利用大电流对电池进行充电，以实现电池的快速充电。
具体地，在上述方法中，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可以为大电流，此外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电后，后续充电过程的充电电流也可为大电流。
可选地，为了实现大电流快速充电，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
进一步地，本申请实施例中放电电流为小电流，旨在通过电池小电流的放电，释放聚集于电池负极的锂离子，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
具体地，上述方法中的第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流可以为小电流，此外，在充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电后，后续放电过程的放电电流也可为小电流。
可选地，为了实现小电流放电，第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流的充电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
可选地，在上述方法中，为了更好的控制充电过程中电池的充电量和放电过程中电池的放电量，可设置放电过程中的累积放电量阈值以及充电过程中的累积充电阈值的比例，以使得放电量较小，而不会造成电池中已充入的电量过多流失。
作为示例，在上述方法中，第一累积放电量阈值与第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％，和/或，第二累积放电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的累积放电量阈值与累积充电量阈值之比也可小于等于10％。
需要说明的是，上述比例10％还可以随着应用场景以及应用需求的变化而调整，本申请对于该比例的具体数值不做限定。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，BMS获取的第一充电电流和第二充电电流可以相同或者不同。该第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可以为预设的电流，或者，该第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，当电池的状态参数发生变化，则第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流可为不同状态参数下对应的不同电流。其中，电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)和电池健康状态(state of health，SOH)等等。
类似的，BMS获取的第一放电电流和第二放电电流可以相同或者不同。该第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流可以为预设的电流，或者，该第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。
若第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流时，其可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，提升电池的充电效率和/或放电效率，且不会对电池造成损伤影响。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中充电电流和/或放电电流同样可为预设的电流，或者，也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。
图12示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法1200的示意性流程框图。
基于上文图4所示的方法400，如图12所示，上文步骤410可包括：步骤1210：BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一充电电流。
上文步骤240可包括：步骤1240：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流。
上文步骤470可包括：步骤1270：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第二充电电流。
除此之外，本申请实施例中方法1200的其它步骤可参见上文图4所示实施例的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
具体地，本申请实施例中，第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流均为根据电池的状态参数确定的电流。在不同时段，BMS可获取电池不同的状态参数，并根据该状态参数确定当前的充电电流和放电电流。
可选地，根据电池的状态参数确定充电电流和放电电流可有多种实现方式，作为一种示例，可获取电池的状态参数与充电电流、放电电流的映射关系，根据该映射关系，通过电池的状态参数确定具体的充电电流和放电电流，其中，该映射关系可以是由大量的实验数据拟合得到的映射关系，具有较高的可信度和准确度，该映射关系具体可为映射表，映射图或者映射公式等等。此外，在其它示例中，还可根据大量的实验数据训练专用的神经网络模型，该神经网络模型可根据输入的电池的状态参数，输出充电电流和放电电流。
可选地，除了充电电流和放电电流以外，在上述方法实施例中，第一累积充电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值可以相同或者不同。第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值可以相同或者不同。该第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种可为预设阈值。或者，该第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的累积放电量阈值与累积充电量阈值可以为预设 阈值或者也可以为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值。
通过上述申请实施例，若第一累积充电量阈值、第二累积充电量阈值、第一累积放电量阈值与第二累积放电量阈值中的至少一种为根据电池的状态参数确定的阈值时，其可以更好的适应于电池当前的状态参数，以能够更好的控制当前的充电过程和/或放电过程，保证充电量和放电量，实现电池的高效充电。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种可为BMS定期或不定期获取的电流，作为一种示例，第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种可为BMS定期或不定期根据电池的状态参数确定的电流，该电流随着电池的状态参数的变化而随之变化，具体地，BMS可定期获取电池的状态参数，从而确定第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种；或者，BMS实时获取电池的状态参数，当状态参数不定期变化时，BMS根据不定期变化的状态参数确定第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种。
进一步地，在此基础上，BMS定期或不定期向充放电装置发送该第一充电电流、第二充电电流、第一放电电流和第二放电电流中的至少一种，以使得充放电装置基于定期发送的电流对电池充电或控制电池放电。
在该实现方式中，充放电装置在对电池进行单次充电和/或单次放电的过程中，充电电流和/或放电电流是BMS定期或不定期发送的，一方面，可以通过该实施方式，定期或不定期调整充电电流和/或放电电流，以提高充放电效率，另一方面，还可以通过该定期或不定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，表示BMS和电池的状态正常，充放电装置可继续对电池进行充电或控制电池放电。因此，在该实施方式中，若充放电装置未接收到BMS定期或不定期发送的充电电流和/或放电电流，充放电装置可停止对电池充电和/或停止控制电池放电，以保证电池的安全性能。
图13示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法1300的示意性流程框图。
基于上文图4所示的方法400，如图13所示，上文步骤410可包括：步骤1310：BMS定期获取第一充电电流。
上文步骤220可包括：步骤1320：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第一充电电流。
上文步骤240可包括：步骤1340：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，定期获取第一放电电流。
上文步骤250可包括：步骤1350：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第一放电电流。
上文步骤270可包括：步骤1370：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，定期获取第二充电电流。
上文步骤280可包括：步骤1380：BMS定期向充放电装置发送第二充电电流。
除此之外，本申请实施例中方法1300的其它步骤可参见上文图4所示实施例的相关描述，此处不做过多赘述。
在本申请实施例中，BMS可定期获取第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流。对应的，BMS可定期向充放电装置发送第一充电电流、第一放电电流以及第二充电电流。
可理解的，在上述实施例中，对电池进行充放电除了上述充放电所需的电流信息，还需要充放电所需的电压信息，充放电所需的电压的获取方式对本发明实施例不造成任何限定。
可选地，在上述方法实施例中，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信可兼容现有的充电机和BMS之间的通信协议，因此，BMS和充放电装置之间的通信便于实现，且具有良好的应用前景。
具体地，在上述方法实施例的基础上，BMS还可获取第一充电电压、第二充电电压、第一放电电压和第二放电电压中的至少一种，并将该第一充电电压、第二充电电压、第一放电电压和第二放电电压中的至少一种发送给充放电装置，其中，该第一充电电流、第一充电电压携带于第一电池充电需求(BCL)报文中，和/或，第一放电电流、第一放电电压携带于第二BCL报文中，和/或，第二充电电流、第二充电电压携带于第三BCL报文中，和/或，第二放电电流、第二放电电压携带于第四BCL报文中。
除此之外，在充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二放电放电电流对电池充电和控制电池放电后，后续充放电过程中的充电电流、充电电压、放电电流与放电电压也可以携带于BCL报文中，通过BMS发送给充放电装置。
图14示出了本申请实施例提供的另一电池充电的方法1400的示意性流程框图。
如图14所示，该电池充电的方法1400可包括以下步骤。
步骤1410：BMS获取第一充电电流和第一充电电压。
步骤1420：BMS向充放电装置发送第一BCL报文，该第一BCL报文携带第一充电电流和第一充电电压。
步骤1430：充放电装置基于第一充电电流和第一充电电压对电池充电。
步骤1440：若电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压，BMS获取第一放电电流和第一放电电压。
步骤1450：BMS向充放电装置发送第二BCL报文，该第二BCL报文携带第一放电电流和第二放电电压。
步骤1460：充放电装置基于第一放电电流和第二放电电压控制电池放电。
步骤1470：若电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值，BMS获取第二充电电流和第二充电电压。
步骤1480：BMS向充放电装置发送第三BCL报文，该第三BCL报文携带第二充电电流和第二充电电压。
步骤1490：充放电装置基于第二充电电流和第二充电电压对电池充电。
在本申请实施例中，利用现有的充电机和BMS之间的通信协议中的电池充电需求BCL报文，BMS向充放电装置发送充电电流和放电电流，且充放电装置基于接收的充电电流和放电电流对电池充电或者控制电池放电。
可选地，在BCL报文中，充电电压(包括上述第一充电电压和第二充电电压)与放电电压(包括上述第一放电电压和第二放电电压)的范围不同，且充电电流(包括上述第一充电电流和第二充电电流)与放电电流(包括上述第一放电电流和第二放电电流)的范围不同，充放电装置接收到的BCL报文中，可通过其中携带的电压和电流的大小，判断其属于充电电压和充电电流，还是属于放电电压和放电电流。
可选地，BMS可根据电池的状态参数确定充电电压和放电电压，或者，该充电电压和放电电压也可为预设值。
可选地，在一些实施方式中，BMS可定期获取充电电流和充电电压，且定期向充放电装置发送携带有该充电电流和充电电压的BCL报文，类似地，BMS也可定期获取放电电流和放电电压，且定期向充放电装置发送携带有该放电电流和放电电压的BCL报文。在该实施方式中，BCL报文的定期发送方式可与现有标准中BCL报文的定期发送方式相同。
上述实施例中以充放电电流和/或电压的信息交互报文为例进行说明的，可以理解的，为了实现对电池进行充放电，除了充放电阶段的处理外，还可以包含充放电前的车与充电机的握手交互、充放电的参数配置交互等，本发明实施例对此不作具体限定。
可选的，充电机和BMS之间的通信协议包括汽车对电网(vehicle to grid，V2G)模式和电网对汽车(grid to vehicle，G2V)模式下的通信协议。
为了对本申请实施例中的充放电的过程作进一步的说明，下面以图15中示出的本申请实施例的一个充放电流程示意图为例进行说明，其中的充放电装置以及BMS可以参见图4中充放电系统30的相关描述。如图15所示，该充放电流程包括：
S1501a，用户插枪后，BMS根据直流充电的控制流程进入充电状态。
与此同时，充放电装置也可以感应到插枪状态，并进行步骤S1501b：用户插枪后，充放电装置根据直流充电的控制流程进入充电流程状态，更具体地，是充放电装置中的控制单元，如图2中的控制单元控制充放电装置进入充电流程状态。
为了便于理解，本申请中的电池以电动汽车上的动力电池为例进行描述，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
作为一种可选的电连接方式，储能电池上设置有第一充电枪头，充放电装置可以设置有与该第一充电枪头对应的第一充电插座，以接收从储能电池传输的电能。此外，充放电装置同时也设置有第二充电枪头，该第二充电枪头用于与电动汽车上设置的第二充电插座电连接，以实现充放电装置向电动汽车的电池传输电能。
为了适配于现有的充放电装置与电动汽车的电池系统之间的电连接，可选地，充放电装置上的第二充电枪头的具体类型和结构可与储能电池上的第一充电枪头的具体类型和结构相同，对应地，充放电装置上的第一充电插座的具体类型和结构可与电 动汽车上的第二充电插座的具体类型和结构相同。当然，上述第二充电枪头和第一充电枪头，以及第一充电插座和第二充电插座也可以不相同，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定，旨在实现充电枪头与其对应的充电插座电连接即可。
S1502，BMS可以根据电池包的状态参数获取电池累积充电容量阈值QChgLmt，并进入充电模式。
可选地，本申请实施例中的状态参数可以包括电芯单体的电压、电芯温度、SOH等，BMS可以根据上述电池状态参数，并通过查表的方式获取充电切换放电的累积充电容量阈值。
S1503，BMS根据电池包的状态参数获取电池的充电需求电流ReqChg_I和充电需求电压。
应理解，BMS获取的充电需求电流可以为电池当前状态下，电池可以允许的最大充电电流，该充电需求电流和充电需求电压也可以是BMS通过查表的方式获取的，具体地，可以是BMS根据监测的电池的状态参数查表获取的。
应理解，BMS可以对电池的状态参数进行实时监测，并根据监测得到的数据查表获取实时的充电需求电流和电压，例如，BMS可以按照一定的时间周期获取实时的充电需求电流和电压。
S1504，BMS将上述获取的充电需求电流和充电需求电压发送给充放电装置。
应理解，BMS也可以在携带充电需求电流和充电需求电压的消息中，携带其他相关信息，例如，充电需求功率等，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，BMS可以通过国标充电标准，通过CAN通信方式，将上述充电需求电流和充电需求电压的信息发送给充放电装置。
充放电装置在进行步骤S1501b，并进入充电状态后，可以获取储能电池，如梯次电池的当前电量情况，即S1505，获取梯次电池的SOC值。
应理解，此处的SOC指荷电状态(State of Charge，SOC)，SOC值可以反映电池中的剩余电荷的可用状态。
S1506，充放电装置确认是否接收到BMS发送的充电需求信息，即上述BMS发送的包括充电需求电压和充电需求电流的信息。
可选地，上述充放电装置获取梯次电池SOC的步骤和确定是否收到BMS充电需求的步骤可以同时进行，或者，充放电装置也可以先确定接收充电需求，然后再获取梯次电池的SOC值，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
S1507，充放电装置在获取到梯次电池的SOC值后，可以首先判断梯次电池的SOC值是否大于梯次电池的SOC阈值(SOC uplimit)。
通过判断梯次电池的SOC与阈值的关系，可以确保梯次电池在电量充足的情况下对电池进行充电。
S1508，当SOC值大于SOC uplimit时，充放电装置可以控制双向DC/DC转换器开启放电，输出功率为W SUM，具体地，可以通过双向DC/DC转换器对梯次电池输出的电压进行转换，为电池进行充电。
S1509，或者，当充放电装置确定SOC值小于或等于SOC  uplimit时，充放电装 置可以通过AC/DC转换器，从电网取电，为梯次电池充电，直至梯次电池的SOC值大于SOC uplimit。
可选地，根据上文描述，当本申请实施例中的充放电装置只包括双向DC/DC转换器时，为了实现从电网取电为梯次电池充电的目的，充放电装置可以向包括AC/DC转换器的其他充放电装置发送充电请求消息，请求其他充放电装置通过电网为梯次电池充电。或者可选地，当充放电装置不仅包括双向DC/DC转换器，也包括AC/DC转换器时，充放电装置可以直接控制AC/DC转换器，从电网取电，并为梯次电池充电。
S1510，充放电装置将梯次电池中的直流电流转换为电池需要的直流电流。
S1511，充放电装置根据BMS的需求，向电池输出直流电流，为电池充电。
S1512，BMS通过采用电池母线上的电流，实时计算充电过程中的累积充电容量Qchg，其中，Qchg＝I*t，此处的I为充电过程中的充电电流。
可选地，上述母线可以指图2中的高压线250。
S1513，BMS根据电池的最大充电电压确定电池当前是否达到满充状态，即Ucell_max>Ucell_FullChg，其中，Ucell_max为电池可以允许的最大充电电压，Ucell_FullChg为电池达到满充的电压值。
S1514，BMS确定电池达到满充状态时，确定结束充电。
S1515，BMS确定结束充电后，向充放电装置发送充电停止需求命令。
S1516，充放电装置确定是否收到充电停止需求命令。
S1517，充放电装置确认接收到充电停止需求命令，则进行正常的下电流程，结束充电。
S1518，若BMS确定电池允许的最大充电电压小于电池满充电压值，则进一步确定累积充电容量Qchg是否大于或等于充电容量阈值Qchglmt。
若BMS确定累积充电容量Qchg小于充电容量阈值Qchglmt，则BMS重新进入步骤1503，并根据最新获取的充电电流，使得充放电装置继续对电池进行充电。
或者，S1519，BMS确定累积充电容量大于或等于充电容量阈值，则可以根据电池的状态参数，查表获取累积放电容量阈值，并控制电池进入放电模式。
S1520，BMS进一步根据电池的状态参数，查表获取放电需求电流ReqDischg_I。
可选地，放电需求电流可以为允许的最大放电电流，其中，该电流可以是在不同温度下，通过获取电池的状态参数，并查表获取的。
S1521，BMS向充放电装置发送包括放电需求电流和放电需求电压的消息，其中，放电需求功率为Wsum_dischg。
S1522，在步骤S1516充放电装置确定没有接收到充电停止需求命令后，或者充放电装置接收到BMS发送的上述放电需求电流和放电需求电压后，充放电装置可以确定是否接收到放电需求消息，即上述包括放电需求电流和放电需求电压的信息。
若充放电装置未接收到放电需求消息，则重新回到步骤S1505。
S1523，若充放电装置接收到到放电需求消息，则判断放电需求功率 Wsum_dischg是否大于或等于放电功率阈值WDischgLmt，其中，该放电功率阈值是梯次电池的阈值。
S1524，若Wsum_dischg大于或等于WDischgLm，充放电装置向梯次电池中释放第一放电需求功率的电量，并向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量，其中，第一放电需求功率为Wsum_dischg-WDischgLmt，第二放电需求功率为WDischgLmt。
应理解，根据上文所述，若要将电池中的直流电释放到电网中，需要将直流电转换为交流电，本申请实施例中的充放电装置可以通过包括充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器以及其他充放电装置中的双向AC/DC转换器将电池的电量释放到电网中，或者，当充放电装置包括双向AC/DC转换器时，充放电装置可以直接控制双向DC/DC转换器和双向AC/DC转换器将电池的电量释放到电网中。
S1525，或者，当Wsum_dischg小于WDischgLm时，充放电装置可以通过双向DC/DC转换器将电池的电量全部释放到梯次电池中，放电功率为Wsum_dischg。
S1526，充放电装置按照BMS的需求，对电池进行放电。
S1527，充放电装置按照BMS的需求，输出直流电流。
S1528，BMS通过采用电池母线上的电流，实时计算累积放电容量QDischg，其中，QDischg＝I*t，其中，此处的I为放电需求电流。
S1529，BMS确定QDischg是否大于或等于累积放电容量阈值QDischgLmt。
若QDischg小于QDischgLmt，则BMS回到步骤S1520，使得充放电装置继续为电池进行放电。
S1529，若QDischg大于或等于QDischgLmt，则BMS将累计充电容量Qchg和QDischg清零，重新计算Qchg和QDischg，并回到步骤S1502中继续进行充放电流程切换。
通过本申请实施例中的充放电流程，一方面，可以实现在对电池进行大倍率电流的持续快充过程中，增加短时的小倍率电流的放电步骤，可以及时消除电池中的负极锂离子聚集，同时消除了电芯析锂的风险，继而保证了电池充电的安全，有效的延缓了电池寿命的衰减。同时，可以极大的提升充电时的倍率，从整体上缩短了充电时间。而且，即使在低温下，电池可以通过充电和放电相互交替进行模式，避免传统单向充电必须先加热等电池包温度达到一定程度，才能逐步加大充电电流的问题。
另一方面，充放电装置可以只通过梯次电池对电池进行充放电，或者，也可以进一步与单向或双向AC/DC相结合，通过电网进行充放电，配置灵活，系统迁移性强。
上文结合图2至图15说明了本申请提供的电池充电的方法的具体实施例，下面，结合图16至图17说明本申请提供的相关装置的具体实施例，可以理解的是，下述各装置实施例中的相关描述可以参考前述各方法实施例，为了简洁，不再赘述。
图16示出了本申请实施例提供的一个充放电装置的示意性结构框图。
如图16所示，充放电装置1600可包括：双向DC/DC转换器1610和控制单元1620。
可选地，所述控制单元用于：接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一 充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第一放电电流是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电电流是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第二放电电流，并基于所述第二放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率小于放电功率阈值；控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率大于或等于放电功率阈值；控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以向所述储能电池释放第一放电需求功率的电量，并控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过第二充放电装置向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量，其中，所述第一放电需求功率和所述第二放电需求功率的和等于所述放电需求功率。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；确定所述SOC大于或等于荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；所述控制单元具体用于：确定所述SOC小于荷电状态阈值；向所述第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，使得所述第二充放电装置通过所述电网对所述储能电池充电；确定所述SOC大于或等于所述荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，并停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
可选地，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
可选地，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
可选地，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
可选地，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少 一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
可选地，所述控制单元具体用于：定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流；和/或，定期接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流。
可选地，所述控制单元还用于：接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求BCL报文中；和/或，接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二BCL报文中；和/或，接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第三BCL报文中。
图17示出了本申请一个实施例的电池管理系统BMS 1700的示意性结构框图。如图17所示，该BMS 1700包括：获取单元1710，发送单元1720和处理单元1630。
在本申请的一个实施例中，获取单元用于获取第一充电电流；发送单元用于将第一充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一充电电流对电池充电；处理单元用于确定电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，获取单元还用于获取第一放电电流；发送单元还用于将第一放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第一放电电流控制电池放电；可选地，处理单元还用于确定电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，获取单元还用于获取第二充电电流；发送单元还用于将第二充电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二充电电流对电池充电。
可选地，处理单元还用于确定电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，获取单元还用于获取第二放电电流；发送单元还用于将第二放电电流发送给充放电装置，以使充放电装置基于第二放电电流控制电池放电。
可选地，处理单元还用于确定电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压，发送单元还用于向充放电装置发送充电停止命令，充电停止命令用于指示充放电装置停止对电池充电。
可选地，第一充电电流和/或第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
可选地，第一放电电流和/或第二放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
可选地，第一累积放电量阈值与第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％，和/或，第二累积放电量阈值与第二累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
可选地，获取单元用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一充电电流；和/或，获取单元用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流；和/或，获取单元用于获取电池的状态参数，并根据状态参数确定第一放电电流；其 中，电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
可选地，获取单元用于定期获取第一充电电流，发送单元用于将第一充电电流定期发送给充放电装置；和/或，获取单元用于定期获取第一放电电流，发送单元用于将第一放电电流定期发送给充放电装置；和/或，获取单元用于定期获取第二充电电流，发送单元用于将第二充电电流定期发送给充放电装置。
可选地，获取单元还用于获取第一充电电压，发送单元还用于将第一充电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第一充电电流和第一充电电压携带于第一电池充电需求BCL报文中；和/或，获取单元还用于获取第一放电电压，发送单元还用于将第一放电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第一放电电流和第一放电电压携带于第二BCL报文中；和/或，发送单元还用于获取第二充电电压，发送单元还用于将第二充电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第二充电电流和第二充电电压携带于第三BCL报文中，和/或，获取单元还用于获取第二放电电压，发送单元还用于将第二放电电压发送给充放电装置，其中，第二放电电流和第二放电电压携带于第四BCL报文中。
图18示出了本申请一个实施例的电子装置1800的示意性结构框图。如图18所示，电子装置1800包括存储器1810和处理器1820，其中，存储器1810用于存储计算机程序，处理器1820用于读取所述计算机程序并基于所述计算机程序执行前述本申请各种实施例的方法。
可选地，该电子装置1800可用于：BMS和充放电装置中任意一种或者多种。本申请实施例中，除了充放电装置中的处理器读取相应的计算机程序并基于该计算机程序执行前述各种实施例中充放电装置对应的充电方法以外，BMS中的处理器也可读取相应的计算机程序并基于该计算机程序执行前述各种实施例中BMS对应的充电方法。
此外，本申请实施例还提供了一种可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行前述本申请各种实施例的方法。可选地，该计算机程序可以为上述充放电装置和/或BMS中的计算机程序。
应理解，本文中的具体的例子只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例，而非限制本申请实施例的范围。
还应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
还应理解，本说明书中描述的各种实施方式，既可以单独实施，也可以组合实施，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种充放电装置，其特征在于，包括：双向DC/DC转换器和控制单元；
    所述控制单元用于：
    接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；
    接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第一放电电流是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；
    接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电电流是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的第二放电电流，并基于所述第二放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率小于放电功率阈值；
    控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率大于或等于放电功率阈值；
    控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以向所述储能电池释放第一放电需求功率的电量，并控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过第二充放电装置向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量，其中，所述第一放电需求功率和所述第二放电需求功率的和等于所述放电需求功率。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；
    确定所述SOC大于或等于荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；
    所述控制单元具体用于：
    确定所述SOC小于荷电状态阈值；
    向所述第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，使得所述第二充放电装置通过所述电网对所述储能电池充电；
    确定所述SOC大于或等于所述荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，并停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；
    其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于：
    定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，
    定期接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流；和/或，
    定期接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的充放电装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于：
    接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第三电池充电需求报文中。
  14. 一种电池充电的方法，其特征在于，应用于一种充放电装置，所述方法包括：
    所述充放电装置接收所述电池的电池管理系统BMS发送的第一充电电流，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电；
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流， 控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第一放电电流是当所述电池的第一累积充电量大于或等于第一累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流；
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，并基于所述第二充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电，其中，所述第二充电电流是当所述电池的第一累积放电量大于或等于第一累积放电量阈值时，所述BMS发送的充电电流。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第二放电电流，并基于所述第二放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中，其中，所述第二放电电流是当所述电池的第二累积充电量大于或等于第二累积充电量阈值且所述电池的电池单体的电压未超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的放电电流。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中包括：
    所述充放电装置根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率小于放电功率阈值；
    所述充放电装置控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中。
  17. 根据权利要求14或15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，并基于所述第一放电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以将所述电池的电量释放到所述储能电池中包括：
    所述充放电装置根据所述第一放电电流，确定所述电池的放电需求功率大于或等于放电功率阈值；
    所述充放电装置控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以向所述储能电池释放第一放电需求功率的电量，并通过第二充放电装置向电网释放第二放电需求功率的电量，其中，所述第一放电需求功率和所述第二放电需求功率的和等于所述放电需求功率。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述充放电装置获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；
    所述并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电包括：
    所述充放电装置确定所述SOC大于或等于荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述充放电装置获取所述储能电池的荷电状态值SOC；
    所述并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述充放电装置中的双向DC/DC转换器以通过储能电池对所述电池充电包括：
    所述充放电装置确定所述SOC小于荷电状态阈值；
    所述充放电装置向所述第二充放电装置发送充电请求消息，使得所述第二充放电装置通过所述电网对所述储能电池进行充电；
    所述充放电装置确定所述SOC大于或等于所述荷电状态阈值，并基于所述第一充电电流，控制所述双向DC/DC转换器以通过所述储能电池对所述电池充电。
  20. 根据权利要求14至19中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的充电停止命令，并停止对所述电池充电，其中，所述充电停止命令是当所述电池的电池单体的电压超过电池单体的满充电压时，所述BMS发送的命令。
  21. 根据权利要求14至20中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流和/或所述第二充电电流的充电倍率的范围为2C至10C之间。
  22. 根据权利要求14至21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一放电电流的放电倍率的范围为0.1C至1C之间。
  23. 根据权利要求14至22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一累积放电量阈值与所述第一累积充电量阈值之比小于等于10％。
  24. 根据权利要求14至23中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一充电电流、所述第一放电电流与所述第二充电电流中的至少一项是所述BMS根据电池的状态参数确定得到的；
    其中，所述电池的状态参数包括以下参数中的至少一项：电池温度，电池电压、电池电流、电池荷电状态和电池健康状态。
  25. 根据权利要求14至24中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述充放电装置接收BMS发送的第一充电电流，包括：
    所述充放电装置定期接收所述BMS发送的所述第一充电电流；和/或，
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流，包括：
    所述充放电装置定期接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电流；和/或，
    所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流，包括：
    所述充放电装置定期接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电流。
  26. 根据权利要求14至25中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一充电电压，其中，所述第一充电电压和所述第一充电电流携带于第一电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    所述方法还包括：所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第一放电电压，其中，所述第一放电电压和所述第一放电电流携带于第二电池充电需求报文中；和/或，
    所述方法还包括：所述充放电装置接收所述BMS发送的第二充电电压，其中，所述第二充电电压和所述第二充电电流携带于第三电池充电需求报文中。
  27. 一种充放电装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器和存储器，所述存储器用于存储计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用所述计算机程序，执行如权利要求14至26中任一项所述的电池充电的方法。
  28. 一种充放电系统，其特征在于，包括：电池的电池管理系统BMS，以及，如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的充放电装置。
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