WO2023003378A1 - 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023003378A1 WO2023003378A1 PCT/KR2022/010679 KR2022010679W WO2023003378A1 WO 2023003378 A1 WO2023003378 A1 WO 2023003378A1 KR 2022010679 W KR2022010679 W KR 2022010679W WO 2023003378 A1 WO2023003378 A1 WO 2023003378A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- lithium
- Prior art date
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011866 silicon-based anode active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 54
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- -1 manganese halide Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002982 Li2MnO3 phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000006257 cathode slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006256 anode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-acetylcoumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(C(=O)C)=CC2=C1 CSPIFKKOBWYOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQCQTPBVJCWETB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound FC1=COC(=O)O1 ZQCQTPBVJCWETB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGKXZMHLZMPKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-ethynylchromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=C(C#C)C=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 NGKXZMHLZMPKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910018344 Ni0.22Co0.12Mn0.66 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020219 SiOw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000685 trimethylsilyl polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COP(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F CBIQXUBDNNXYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-hex-3-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC\C=C\CC#N BSVZXPLUMFUWHW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxochromene-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(C#N)=C2 QKJALQPLNMEDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YGZIIBMNUUXCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-ynoxychromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)C(OCC#C)=C2 YGZIIBMNUUXCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHPVQLXIGLPTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethylsilyloxychromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC2=C1 XHPVQLXIGLPTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCC=C1 KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011460 LiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012265 LiPO2F2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018590 Ni(NO3)2-6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910007933 Si-M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008318 Si—M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQOXCVSNNFQMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Ni]=O.[Co] Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni]=O.[Co] YQOXCVSNNFQMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical group O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,6-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC(C#N)CCC#N LNLFLMCWDHZINJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCOS([O-])(=O)=O DCWYVUZDHJMHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].COS([O-])(=O)=O ALYPSPRNEZQACK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODKIUNOEAXCLRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(methylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[SiH2]OP(=O)(O[SiH2]C)O[SiH2]C ODKIUNOEAXCLRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPOIACOKDREXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(methylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[SiH2]OP(O[SiH2]C)O[SiH2]C FPOIACOKDREXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery, and more particularly, to a lithium secondary battery having excellent rapid charging performance, lifespan characteristics, and energy density.
- lithium secondary batteries developed in the early 1990s are in the limelight due to their high operating voltage and significantly high energy density.
- a lithium secondary battery generally forms an electrode assembly by interposing a separator between a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material made of a transition metal oxide containing lithium and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of storing lithium ions, and the electrode It is manufactured by inserting the assembly into a battery case, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte serving as a medium for delivering lithium ions, and then sealing the assembly.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is generally composed of a lithium salt and an organic solvent capable of dissolving the lithium salt.
- Lithium secondary batteries for automobiles developed so far mainly use lithium nickel-based oxide as a cathode active material.
- lithium nickel-based oxide When lithium nickel-based oxide is applied, problems such as structural collapse of the cathode active material at high voltage, elution of transition metals, and gas generation occur. It is happening.
- a silicon-based negative electrode active material when a silicon-based negative electrode active material is applied, a sacrificial positive electrode material is used to compensate for the high irreversible capacity of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a lithium secondary battery having excellent rapid charging performance, lifespan characteristics, and energy density by applying a lithium manganese-based oxide and a silicon-based negative electrode active material having a low cobalt content.
- the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material including a lithium manganese-based oxide represented by Formula 1 below, and the negative electrode comprises A lithium secondary battery including an anode active material layer including a silicon-based anode active material is provided.
- Formula 1 1 ⁇ a, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, 0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2, and M is Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- M is Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be a mixture of a halite structure Li 2 MnO 3 phase and a layered LiM'O 2 phase, and may be represented by, for example, the following [Formula 2].
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr, and 0.1 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.2.
- the cathode active material may have a D 50 of 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 3 m 2 /g to 8 m 2 /g.
- the lithium secondary battery may have an energy density of 500 Wh/L or more, and a time required to rapidly charge up to an SOC of 80% may be 20 minutes or less.
- the present invention uses a lithium manganese-based oxide in which a rock salt structure Li 2 MnO 3 phase and a layered LiMO 2 phase (where M is Ni, Co, and Mn) are mixed as a positive electrode active material, and a silicon-based negative electrode as a negative electrode active material
- a lithium manganese-based oxide in which a rock salt structure Li 2 MnO 3 phase and a layered LiMO 2 phase (where M is Ni, Co, and Mn) are mixed as a positive electrode active material, and a silicon-based negative electrode as a negative electrode active material
- an excess of lithium generated from the Li 2 MnO 3 phase in the activation process may compensate for irreversible capacity of the silicon-based negative active material. Therefore, the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can minimize the use of a sacrificial cathode material for compensating the anode or pre-lithiation, thereby maximizing the cathode capacity.
- the present invention can reduce production costs by reducing the amount of expensive Co by using perlithium manganese-based oxide with a low Co content of 10 mol% or less as a cathode active material, and can reduce the oxygen-redox reaction.
- perlithium manganese-based oxide with a low Co content of 10 mol% or less as a cathode active material
- oxygen-redox reaction By reducing the generation of gas and deterioration of the positive electrode, and reducing the non-uniform reaction of the negative electrode, it was possible to realize a secondary battery having excellent lifespan characteristics, rapid charging performance, and energy density.
- the perlithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide can be stably driven at a relatively high voltage compared to the lithium nickel cobaltmanganese oxide, a positive electrode active material containing perlithium manganese oxide and a silicon negative electrode active material can be used together. In this case, high energy density can be realized by increasing the driving voltage.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a silicon-based negative electrode active material having excellent capacity and rate characteristics as a negative electrode active material, it has excellent energy density and rapid charging performance.
- 1 is a charge/discharge profile of a half-cell manufactured using a positive electrode using Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- FIG. 2 is an image showing the formation of a conductive path on the surface of an anode active material when single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as a conductive material.
- FIG 3 is an image showing the formation of a conductive path on the surface of an anode active material when multi-walled carbon nanotubes are used as a conductive material.
- primary particle means a particle unit in which grain boundaries do not exist in appearance when observed under a 5000-fold to 20000-fold field of view using a scanning electron microscope.
- Average particle diameter of primary particles means an arithmetic average value calculated after measuring the particle diameters of primary particles observed in a scanning electron microscope image.
- second particles are particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles.
- average particle diameter D 50 means a particle size based on 50% of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material powder.
- the average particle diameter D50 may be measured using a laser diffraction method. For example, after dispersing the positive electrode active material powder in a dispersion medium, introducing it into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g., Microtrac MT 3000), irradiating ultrasonic waves of about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W, and then calculating a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph. After obtaining, it can be measured by finding the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume cumulative amount.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g., Microtrac MT 3000
- the present inventors used a lithium manganese-based oxide having a Co content of 10 mol% or less as the positive electrode active material and a silicon-based negative electrode active material as the negative electrode active material, thereby minimizing degradation in life characteristics and energy density while rapidly charging
- the present invention was completed after finding out that a lithium secondary battery with improved performance could be implemented.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material is represented by Formula 1 below: It includes a lithium manganese-based oxide, and the negative electrode includes a negative active material layer including a silicon-based negative active material.
- Formula 1 1 ⁇ a, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, 0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.0, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2, and M is Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- M is Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention includes a lithium manganese-based oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode of the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material including a lithium manganese-based oxide represented by Formula 1 below can include
- M may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- a is the molar ratio of Li in the lithium manganese-based oxide and may be 1 ⁇ a, 1.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, or 1.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.3.
- a is within the above range, the irreversible capacity of the Si-based negative electrode active material can be sufficiently compensated for, and high-capacity characteristics can be implemented.
- b is the molar ratio of Ni in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.4, or 0.2 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.4.
- the c is the molar ratio of Co in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.08, or 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05.
- c exceeds 0.1, it is difficult to secure a high capacity, and gas generation and deterioration of the cathode active material are intensified, and life characteristics may be deteriorated.
- d is the molar ratio of Mn in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and may be 0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.0, 0.50 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.80, or 0.50 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.70. When d is less than 0.5, the ratio of the rock salt phase is too small, so that the negative electrode irreversible compensation and capacity improvement effects are insignificant.
- the e is the molar ratio of the doping element M in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and may be 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1, or 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05. Too much content of the doping element may adversely affect the capacity of the active material.
- a lithium manganese-based oxide containing excess lithium has a structure in which a layered (LiM'O 2 ) phase and a rock salt phase (Li 2 MnO 3 ) are mixed. Since the irreversible capacity of the negative electrode is compensated for, it is possible to balance the silicon-based negative electrode without a separate compensation material such as a sacrificial positive electrode material or a prior lithium compensation process such as prelithiation. However, in the process of activating the rock salt phase, an oxygen-redox reaction occurs, resulting in a large amount of gas, and the degradation of the anode due to the occurrence of internal cracks in the active material and the collapse of the crystal structure intensifies, resulting in a decrease in lifespan characteristics. There is a problem, in particular, when lithium manganese-based oxide is applied to a secondary battery to which a Si-based negative electrode active material is applied as an anode active material, a serious decrease in lifespan occurs.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that when the Co content in the lithium manganese oxide is controlled to 10 mol% or less, even when used in combination with a Si-based negative electrode active material, deterioration in life characteristics can be suppressed. found out and completed the present invention.
- Si-based negative active materials have a faster reaction rate with lithium than conventional carbon-based negative active materials
- lithium secondary batteries using a mixture of Si-based negative active materials and carbon-based negative active materials are proposed to improve rapid charging performance. It is becoming.
- reaction non-uniformity occurs in the anode due to a difference in reaction rate between the carbon-based anode active material and the Si-based anode active material. If the reaction non-uniformity increases, the secondary battery life characteristics deteriorate rapidly.
- Co is an element that promotes the formation of a layered crystal structure
- the layered crystal structure develops well, thereby improving lithium mobility and the reaction between negative active materials during charging and discharging.
- the speed difference becomes more noticeable. Therefore, when the Co content in the perlithium manganese oxide is controlled to 10 mol% or less as in the present invention, an increase in reaction non-uniformity in the negative electrode can be suppressed, thereby improving the lifespan characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the ratio of the number of moles of Li to the number of moles of all metal elements excluding Li (Li/Me) is 1.2 to 1.5, 1.25 to 1.5, or 1.25 to 1.4.
- rate characteristics and capacity characteristics are excellent. If the Li/Me ratio is too high, the electrical conductivity decreases and the rock salt phase (Li 2 MnO 3 ) increases and the degradation rate may increase. If the ratio is too low, the energy density improvement effect is insignificant.
- composition of the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be represented by the following [Chemical Formula 2].
- M may be at least one selected from the group consisting of metal ions Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr. .
- the X denotes a ratio of the Li 2 MnO 3 phase in the lithium manganese-based oxide, and may be 0.2 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5, 0.25 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.5, or 0.25 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.4.
- the ratio of the Li 2 MnO 3 phase in the lithium manganese-based oxide satisfies the above range, the irreversible capacity of the Si-based negative electrode active material may be sufficiently compensated, and high-capacity characteristics may be implemented.
- the y is the molar ratio of Mn on the LiM'O 2 layer, and may be 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8, or 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.7.
- the z is a molar ratio of Co on the LiM'O 2 layer, and may be 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.08, or 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.05. When z exceeds 0.1, gas generation and deterioration of the cathode active material may be intensified, resulting in deterioration of lifespan characteristics.
- the w is the molar ratio of the doping element M on the LiM'O 2 layer, and may be 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1 or 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.05.
- the cathode active material according to the present invention may further include a coating layer on the surface of the lithium manganese-based oxide, if necessary.
- the cathode active material includes a coating layer, contact between the lithium manganese oxide and the electrolyte is suppressed by the coating layer, thereby reducing side reactions in the electrolyte solution, thereby improving lifespan characteristics.
- the coating layer may include a coating element M 1 , and the coating element M 1 may include, for example, Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, It may be at least one or more selected from the group consisting of Sr and Zr, preferably Al, Co, Nb, W and combinations thereof, and more preferably Al, Co and combinations thereof.
- the coating element M 1 may include two or more types, and may include, for example, Al and Co.
- the coating element may exist in an oxide form, that is, M 1 Oz (1 ⁇ z ⁇ 4) in the coating layer.
- the coating layer may be formed through a method such as dry coating, wet coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or atomic layer deposition (ALD). Among them, it is preferable to form the coating layer through the atomic layer deposition method in that it can form a wide area.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the formation area of the coating layer may be 10 to 100%, preferably 30 to 100%, and more preferably 50 to 100% based on the total surface area of the perlithium manganese-based oxide particles.
- the coating layer formation area satisfies the above range, the effect of improving lifespan characteristics is excellent.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention may be in the form of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, and the average particle diameter D 50 of the secondary particles is 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, More preferably, it may be 4 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, excellent electrode density may be realized, and deterioration in capacity and rate characteristics may be minimized.
- the cathode active material may have a BET specific surface area of 1 m 2 /g to 10 m 2 /g, 3 to 8 m 2 /g, or 4 to 6 m 2 /g. If the BET specific surface area of the cathode active material is too low, it is difficult to realize sufficient capacity due to insufficient reaction area with the electrolyte, and if the specific surface area is too high, moisture absorption is fast and side reactions with the electrolyte are accelerated, making it difficult to secure lifespan characteristics.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention preferably has an initial irreversible capacity of 5 to 70%, 5 to 50%, or 5 to 30%.
- the initial irreversible capacity of the positive electrode means the percentage of the discharge capacity when charged and discharged in the range of 2.5 to 4.4V to the charge capacity when activated at a high voltage of 4.6V or higher, and is a value measured based on 0.1C.
- the irreversible capacity of the silicon-based negative electrode active material may be sufficiently compensated for without using a separate compensation material such as a sacrificial positive electrode material.
- the amount of expensive Co used can be reduced, thereby reducing manufacturing cost and realizing high electrode density.
- Table 1 below is a table comparing the prices of commercially available lithium manganese oxide cathode active materials and NCMA-based cathode active materials.
- the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be prepared by mixing a transition metal precursor and a lithium raw material and then firing them.
- lithium raw material for example, lithium-containing carbonate (eg, lithium carbonate, etc.), hydrate (eg, lithium hydroxide hydrate (LiOH H 2 O), etc.), hydroxide (eg, lithium hydroxide, etc.) ), nitrates (eg, lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), etc.), chlorides (eg, lithium chloride (LiCl), etc.) and the like, and one of these may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more kinds. .
- lithium-containing carbonate eg, lithium carbonate, etc.
- hydrate eg, lithium hydroxide hydrate (LiOH H 2 O), etc.
- hydroxide eg, lithium hydroxide, etc.
- nitrates eg, lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), etc.
- chlorides eg, lithium chloride (LiCl), etc.
- the transition metal precursor may be in the form of a hydroxide, oxide or carbonate.
- a precursor in the form of carbonate it is more preferable in that a positive electrode active material having a relatively high specific surface area can be prepared.
- the transition metal precursor may be prepared through a coprecipitation process.
- the transition metal precursor is prepared by dissolving each transition metal-containing raw material in a solvent to prepare a metal solution, mixing the metal solution, an ammonium cation complex forming agent, and a basic compound, and then performing a co-precipitation reaction. can be manufactured.
- an oxidizing agent or oxygen gas may be further added during the co-precipitation reaction, if necessary.
- the transition metal-containing raw material may be an acetate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, or the like of each transition metal.
- the transition metal-containing raw material is NiO, NiCO 3 2Ni(OH) 2 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O, NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 6H 2 O, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 H 2 O, manganese acetate, manganese halide, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 H 2 O, manganese acetate, manganese halides, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2
- the ammonium cation complex forming agent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , and NH 4 CO 3 .
- the basic compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , KOH, and Ca(OH) 2 .
- the form of the precursor may vary depending on the type of basic compound used. For example, when NaOH is used as a basic compound, a hydroxide-type precursor can be obtained, and when Na 2 CO 3 is used as a basic compound, a carbonate-type precursor can be obtained. In addition, when a basic compound and an oxidizing agent are used together, an oxide-type precursor can be obtained.
- the transition metal precursor and the lithium source material have a total transition metal (Ni+Co+Mn):Li molar ratio of 1:1.05 to 1:2, preferably 1:1.1 to 1:1.8, more preferably 1 : 1.25 to 1: can be mixed in an amount such that 1.8.
- the firing may be performed at a temperature of 600 °C to 1000 °C or 700 °C to 950 °C, and the firing time may be 5 hours to 30 hours or 5 hours to 20 hours.
- the firing atmosphere may be an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, and may be, for example, an atmosphere containing 20 to 100% by volume of oxygen.
- the cathode active material layer may further include a conductive material and a binder in addition to the cathode active material.
- the conductive material examples include spherical or scaly graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight, 1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile) , carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM rubber), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, 2 to 20% by weight, or 2 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention may have an electrode density of 2.5 to 3.8 g/cc, 2.5 to 3.5 g/cc, or 3.0 to 3.3 g/cc.
- the electrode density of the anode satisfies the above range, high energy density can be implemented.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention to which the lithium manganese-based oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 is applied as the positive electrode active material is stably driven even when the charge termination voltage is set as high as 4.3V to 4.5V during battery operation. Therefore, high-capacity characteristics can be realized.
- FIG. 1 shows a charge/discharge profile of a half-cell manufactured using a positive electrode using a lithium manganese-based oxide as a positive electrode active material. 1, it can be seen that the positive electrode using lithium manganese oxide as a positive electrode active material generates excessive lithium at a high voltage of 4.6V or higher and is stably driven at a voltage of 4.3V or higher.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention includes a silicon-based negative electrode active material as a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer may include a silicon-based negative electrode active material as a negative electrode active material.
- the silicon-based negative active material Since the silicon-based negative active material has a higher theoretical capacity and a faster reaction rate with lithium than the carbon-based negative active material, energy density and rapid charging performance are improved when the silicon-based negative active material is included in the negative electrode.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material has a large irreversible capacity and a large volume expansion during charging and discharging, it is inferior in terms of lifespan characteristics.
- life characteristics are further deteriorated.
- the silicon-based negative active material is, for example, Si, SiOw (where 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), Si-C composite, Si-M a alloy (M a is Al, Sn, Mg, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn , Mn, Cr, Ti, at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni) or a combination thereof.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material may be doped with M b metal, if necessary.
- the M b metal may be a Group 1 alkali metal element and/or a Group 2 alkaline earth metal element.
- the silicon anode active material may be Si, SiOw (where 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 2), Si—C composite doped with M b metal, or the like.
- the active material capacity is lowered due to the doping element, but since it has high efficiency, high energy density can be implemented.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material may further include a carbon coating layer on the surface of the particle.
- the carbon coating amount may be 20% by weight or less, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- the carbon coating layer may be formed through a method such as dry coating, wet coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or atomic layer deposition (ALD).
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the silicon-based negative active material preferably has a capacity of 1000 to 4000 mAh/g, preferably 1000 to 3800 mAh/g, and more preferably 1200 to 3800 mAh/g. High-capacity characteristics can be implemented by using a silicon-based negative active material that satisfies the capacity range.
- the silicon-based negative active material may have an initial efficiency of 60 to 95%, 70 to 95%, and preferably 75 to 95%.
- the initial efficiency of the silicon-based negative electrode active material was measured by charging and discharging at a 0.1C-rate between 0.01V and 1.5V after manufacturing a half-cell with a negative electrode using 100% silicon-based negative electrode active material and a lithium counter electrode. It means the percentage of discharge capacity.
- the particle size of the silicon-based negative electrode active material is D 50 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 8 ⁇ m, preferably 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 7 ⁇ m, D min ⁇ D max is 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m, more Preferably, it may be 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- D 50 3 ⁇ m ⁇ 8 ⁇ m preferably 4 ⁇ m ⁇ 7 ⁇ m
- D min ⁇ D max is 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 30 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m, more Preferably, it may be 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode may further include a carbon-based negative electrode active material as the negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material may be, for example, artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, soft carbon, or hard carbon, but is not limited thereto.
- the silicon-based negative active material is 1 to 100% by weight, 1 to 50% by weight, 1 to 30% by weight, 1 to 15% by weight, 10 to 70% by weight, or 10 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material can be included in the amount of
- the amount of the carbon-based negative active material is 0 to 99% by weight, 50 to 99% by weight, 70 to 99% by weight, 85 to 99% by weight, 30 to 90% by weight, or 50 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material. can be included as
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention preferably has a different N/P ratio, which is a ratio of negative electrode discharge capacity to positive electrode discharge capacity, depending on the type of negative electrode active material used.
- the N/P ratio may be 100% to 150%, preferably 100% to 140%, and more preferably 100% to 120%. there is. If the discharge capacity of the negative electrode relative to the discharge capacity of the positive electrode is out of the above range, the balance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be unbalanced, and thus life characteristics may be deteriorated or lithium precipitation may occur.
- the N/P ratio may be 150% to 300%, preferably 160% to 300%, and more preferably 180% to 300%. If the discharge capacity of the negative electrode relative to the discharge capacity of the positive electrode is out of the above range, the balance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be unbalanced, and thus life characteristics may be deteriorated or lithium precipitation may occur.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material and a binder, if necessary.
- the conductive material examples include spherical or scaly graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like, and one of them alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, 0.1 to 20% by weight, or 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes may be used as the conductive material.
- a wide conductive path is formed to increase durability and decrease resistance, and thus, excellent lifespan characteristics can be implemented.
- FIG. 2 shows an image showing the formation of a conductive path on the surface of the anode active material when single-walled carbon nanotubes are used as the conductive material
- FIG. An image showing the formation of a conductive path is shown.
- binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, Polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM rubber), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and the like, and one of these alone or Mixtures of two or more may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, 2 to 20% by weight, or 2 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode may have a multi-layered structure in which a negative electrode active material layer is composed of a single layer or two or more layers.
- the negative electrode may include a first negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector and a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material.
- each layer may have different types and/or contents of the negative active material, the binder, and/or the conductive material.
- the content of the carbon-based negative electrode active material among the total negative electrode active materials is higher than that of the second negative electrode active material layer (upper layer), and the silicon-based negative electrode active material among the total negative electrode active materials in the second negative electrode active material layer.
- the content of may be higher than that of the first negative electrode active material layer, or the content of the conductive material of the second negative electrode active material layer (upper layer) may be higher than that of the first negative electrode active material layer (upper layer).
- the performance characteristics of the battery can be improved. For example, when the content of the conductive material or the silicon-based negative electrode active material is higher in the upper layer than in the lower layer, an effect of improving rapid charging performance can be obtained.
- the negative electrode active material layer may have a porosity of 20% to 70% or 20% to 50%. If the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is too small, the impregnability of the electrolyte solution may be lowered and thus lithium mobility may be lowered, and if the porosity is too large, the energy density may be lowered.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for the movement of lithium ions
- any separator used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery can be used without particular limitation. It is preferable to have an excellent ability to absorb the electrolyte while being resistant.
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these A laminated structure of two or more layers of may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and the like may be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material may be used to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may be selectively used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte used in the present invention includes organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. it is not going to be
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester-based solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; ether solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; ketone solvents such as cyclohexanone; aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate, PC) and other carbonate-based solvents; alcohol solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a straight-chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group
- the lithium salt may be used without particular limitation as long as it is a compound capable of providing lithium ions used in a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiN(FSO
- additives may be included in the electrolyte for the purpose of improving life characteristics of a battery, suppressing capacity decrease, suppressing gas generation, and the like.
- various additives used in the art for example, fluoro ethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfate (ESa), lithium difluoro Phosphate (LiPO2F2), lithium bisoxalato borate (LiBOB), lithium tetrafluoro borate (LiBF4), lithium difluorooxalato borate (LiDFOB), lithium difluorobisoxalatophosphate (LiDFBP), lithium tetrafluoro oxalato phosphate (LiTFOP), lithium methyl sulfate (LiMS), lithium ethyl sulfate (LiES) propanesultone (PS), propensultone (PRS), succinonitrile (SN),
- FEC flu
- n and m are each independently an integer of 1 to 100.
- R 16 is a linear or non-linear alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 17 to R 19 are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and -CN
- D is CH, or N.
- R 1 R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently hydrogen; Or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a cyano group (CN), an allyl group, a propargyl group, an amine group, a phosphate group, an ether group, a benzene group, a cyclohexyl group, a silyl group, an isocyanate group (-NCO), a fluorine group (-F) may be included.
- Tris tri(methylsilyl)phosphite TMSPi
- tris trimethylphosphite TMPi
- tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite TTFP
- other phosphite-based materials see Formula E
- tris tri(methylsilyl)phosphate TMSPa
- polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl ester PPSE
- tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane TPFPB
- CMCN coumarin-3-carbonitrile
- ECM coumarin-3-carbonitrile
- ECMCN 7-ethynylcoumarin
- ECM coumarin-3-carbonitrile
- ECMCN 7-ethynylcoumarin
- ECM coumarin-3-carbonitrile
- ECMCN 7-ethynylcoumarin
- ECM coumarin-3-carbonitrile
- ECMCN 7-ethynylcoumarin
- ECM
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention configured as described above may perform an activation process at a high voltage of 4.6 V or higher to compensate for the irreversible capacity of the silicon-based negative electrode active material with lithium generated in the process of activating the Li 2 MnO 3 phase.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention configured as described above has high energy density and excellent rapid charging performance.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has an energy density of 500 Wh/L or more, preferably 500 to 1000 Wh/L, and takes 20 minutes or less to rapidly charge to ⁇ SOC 80%.
- Cathode active materials single-walled carbon nanotubes: PVDF binder were mixed in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 96.0:1.0:3.0 to prepare a cathode slurry. At this time, Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used as the cathode active material.
- the positive electrode slurry was coated on an aluminum current collector sheet, dried, and then rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- a first negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing negative electrode active materials: single-walled carbon nanotubes: styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR): carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in water in a weight ratio of 96.2:0.8:2:1.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- a second negative electrode slurry was prepared by mixing negative electrode active materials: single-walled carbon nanotubes: styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR): carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in water in a weight ratio of 93.8: 1.2: 4: 1.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- Graphite with an initial efficiency of 94% and SiOx with an initial efficiency of 82% are mixed and used as anode active materials of the first and second cathode slurries so that the weight ratio of SiOx:graphite (SiOx:C) is 5:95 did
- a second negative electrode slurry was applied thereon, dried, and rolled to prepare a negative electrode having a double layer structure.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were prepared so that the ratio of the discharge capacity of the negative electrode to the discharge capacity of the positive electrode (N/P ratio) was 115% by adjusting the loading amount.
- An electrode assembly is prepared by interposing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above, the electrode assembly is inserted into a battery case, an electrolyte solution is injected, and charging is performed at 45° C. at a constant current of 0.1 C until the voltage becomes 4.6 V. After that, an activation process was performed by discharging to 2.0V at a constant current of 0.1C to prepare a lithium secondary battery.
- Example 1 and Example 1 except that Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.34 Co 0.02 Mn 0.64 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner.
- Example 1 and Example 1 except that Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.34 Co 0.02 Mn 0.64 ] 0.857 O 2 not coated with Al as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner.
- Example 2 The same method as in Example 1 except that Li 1.130 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.870 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used instead of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al, and a second negative electrode slurry on a copper current collector sheet
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a negative electrode having a single layer structure was prepared by applying, drying, and then rolling.
- Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al, and the ratio of the discharge capacity of the negative electrode to the discharge capacity of the positive electrode
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the loading amounts of the positive and negative electrodes were adjusted so that the (N/P ratio) was 120%.
- Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al, and the first anode slurry and the second cathode slurry
- a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a mixture of SiOx and graphite was used in a weight ratio of 10:90 as an anode active material.
- Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al, and the first anode slurry and the second cathode slurry A lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that SiC was used alone as the negative active material of manufactured.
- Example 1 and Example 1 except that Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.22 Co 0.12 Mn 0.66 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner.
- Li 1.143 [Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al was used instead of Li 1.143 [Ni 0.35 Mn 0.65 ] 0.857 O 2 coated with 1500 ppm Al, and the first anode slurry and the second cathode slurry A lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that graphite was used alone as the negative active material of manufactured.
- anode cathode active material composition Li/Me mole ratio Ni:Mn:Co molar ratio coating active material composition structure
- the lithium secondary battery after the activation process was charged at 25° C. with a constant current of 0.1 C until it reached 4.35 V, and discharged at a constant current of 0.1 C until it reached 2.5 V, and the cycle discharge capacity D1 was measured.
- the irreversible capacity of the positive electrode was measured by calculating the percentage of the discharge capacity D1 to the charge capacity C1 during the activation process.
- Example 5 284.9 205 28.04% 420 92.90%
- Example 6 284.9 205 28.04% 415 92.20%
- Example 7 284.9 205 28.04% 417 93.40%
- the secondary batteries prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were charged using a step charging method, and the time (unit: minutes) required to charge up to SOC 80% was measured.
- the step charging is a method of charging at a constant charging rate (C-rate) and then lowering the charging rate when reaching a certain voltage (4.35V) to sequentially charge.
- C-rate constant charging rate
- 4.35V 4.35V
- 3C ⁇ 2.5C Charging was carried out sequentially under C-rate conditions of ⁇ 2C ⁇ 1.5C ⁇ 1C ⁇ 0.5C ⁇ 0.1C.
- the measurement results are shown in [Table 4] below.
- the secondary batteries prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were charged and discharged in a voltage range of 4.35V to 2.5V at 25°C and 0.1C to measure energy density.
- the energy density was calculated by multiplying the discharge capacity by the average voltage and then dividing it by the unit volume of the secondary battery, and the average voltage is a value obtained by dividing the integrated value of the curve of the capacity-voltage profile by the capacity.
- the measurement results are shown in [Table 4] below.
- Example 1 671 19.5 523
- Example 2 648 19.2 528
- Example 3 696 19.7 532
- Example 4 676 19.5 525
- Example 5 644 19.9 528
- Example 6 685 20.0
- Example 7 690 18.8
- Example 8 652 18.5 524
- Example 9 576 15.4 476 Comparative Example 1 601 22.3 513 Comparative Example 2 711 25 520 Comparative Example 3 530 31 503
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
구분 | NCMA | 과리튬 망간계 산화물 | |
1 | 2 | ||
조성 [mol%] | Ni 85% NCMA | Ni/Co/Mn=22/11/67 | Ni/Co/Mn=33/0/67 |
가격 [$/kg] | 7.2 | 4.3 | 3.0 |
양극 | 음극 | |||||
활물질 조성 | Li/Me 몰비 |
Ni : Mn : Co 몰비 | 코팅 | 활물질 조성 | 구조 | |
실시예 1 | Li1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 35:65:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 2 | Li1.143[Ni0.34Co0.02Mn0.64]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 34:64:2 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 3 | Li1.143[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 35:65:0 | - | SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 4 | Li1.130[Ni0.35Mn0.65]0.870O2 | 1.3 | 35:65:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 5 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 6 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | Single layer |
실시예 7 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
실시예 8 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=10:90 | double layer |
실시예 9 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
SiC=100% | Single layer |
비교예 1 | Li1.143[Ni0.22Co0.12Mn0.66]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 22:66:12 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
비교예2 | LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 | 1 | 80:10:10 | Al 1500ppm |
SiOx:C=5:95 | double layer |
비교예 3 | Li1.143[Ni0.33Mn0.67]0.857O2 | 1.33 | 33:67:0 | Al 1500ppm |
그라파이트=100% | double layer |
양극 | 음극 | ||||
활성화 시 충전 용량(mAh/g) | 사이클 방전용량(mAh/g) | 비가역 용량 (%) |
방전 용량 (mAh/g) |
초기 효율 (%) |
|
실시예 1 | 291.4 | 210 | 27.92% | 417 | 93.40% |
실시예 2 | 298.3 | 219 | 26.58% | 417 | 93.40% |
실시예 3 | 289.7 | 205 | 29.24% | 417 | 93.40% |
실시예 4 | 290.8 | 214 | 26.41% | 417 | 93.40% |
실시예 5 | 284.9 | 205 | 28.04% | 420 | 92.90% |
실시예 6 | 284.9 | 205 | 28.04% | 415 | 92.20% |
실시예 7 | 284.9 | 205 | 28.04% | 417 | 93.40% |
실시예 8 | 284.9 | 205 | 28.04% | 471 | 92.80% |
실시예 9 | 284.9 | 205 | 28.04% | 1900 | 90.90% |
비교예 1 | 277.8 | 183 | 34.13% | 417 | 93.40% |
비교예 2 | 258.2 | 221 | 14.42% | 417 | 93.40% |
비교예 3 | 291.4 | 215 | 26.21% | 357 | 93.80% |
80% 수명 도달 cycle 횟수 | 급속 충전, (min) | 에너지 밀도(Wh/L) | |
실시예 1 | 671 | 19.5 | 523 |
실시예 2 | 648 | 19.2 | 528 |
실시예 3 | 696 | 19.7 | 532 |
실시예 4 | 676 | 19.5 | 525 |
실시예 5 | 644 | 19.9 | 528 |
실시예 6 | 685 | 20.0 | 530 |
실시예 7 | 690 | 18.8 | 530 |
실시예 8 | 652 | 18.5 | 524 |
실시예 9 | 576 | 15.4 | 476 |
비교예 1 | 601 | 22.3 | 513 |
비교예 2 | 711 | 25 | 520 |
비교예 3 | 530 | 31 | 503 |
Claims (16)
- 양극, 음극, 분리막 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지이며,상기 양극은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 과리튬 망간계 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 음극은 실리콘계 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극 활물질층을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.[화학식 1]LiaNibCocMndMeO2상기 화학식 1에서, 1 < a, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.1, 0.5≤d<1.0, 0≤e≤0.2이고, M은 Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr 및 Zr로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나 이상임.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에서, 1.1≤a≤1.5, 0.1≤b≤0.4, 0≤c≤0.05, 0.5≤d≤0.80, 0≤e≤0.1인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 과리튬 망간계 산화물은 하기 [화학식 2]로 표시되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.[화학식 2]X Li2MnO3·(1-X)Li[Ni1-y-z-wMnyCozMw]O2상기 [화학식 2]에서,M은 Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr 및 Zr로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나 이상이고, 0.2≤X≤0.5, 0.4≤y<1, 0≤z≤0.1, 0≤w≤0.2임.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 D50이 2μm 내지 10μm 인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질은 BET 비표면적이 1 ~ 10m2/g 인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극은 초기 비가역 용량이 5% 내지 70%인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극은 전극 밀도가 2.5 내지 3.8g/cc인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 초기 효율이 60% 내지 95%인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층은 도전재 및 바인더를 더 포함하며,상기 도전재는 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 음극 활물질의 D50이 3㎛ 내지 8㎛인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질층의 공극율이 20% 내지 70%인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 산화실리콘과 탄소계 음극 활물질의 혼합물이고,상기 리튬 이차 전지의 N/P ratio가 100% 내지 150%인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 음극은 2 이상의 음극 합재층을 포함하는 다층 구조인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 음극은 음극 집전체, 상기 음극 집전체 상에 배치되는 제1음극 합재층, 및 상기 제1음극 합재층 상에 배치되는 제2음극 합재층을 포함하고,상기 제2음극 합재층의 도전재 함량이 상기 제1음극 합재층의 도전재 함량보다 높은 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질은 Si으로 이루어지고,상기 리튬 이차 전지의 N/P ratio가 150% 내지 300%인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 이차 전지는 에너지 밀도가 500Wh/L 이상이고, SOC 80%까지 급속 충전하는데 소요되는 시간이 20분 이하인 리튬 이차 전지.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023554046A JP2024508186A (ja) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | リチウム二次電池 |
US18/276,557 US20240047731A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Lithium Secondary Battery |
EP22846248.7A EP4276952A4 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY |
CN202280014192.4A CN116941070A (zh) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | 锂二次电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2021-0095985 | 2021-07-21 | ||
KR20210095985 | 2021-07-21 | ||
KR10-2022-0089894 | 2022-07-20 | ||
KR1020220089894A KR20230014660A (ko) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-20 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023003378A1 true WO2023003378A1 (ko) | 2023-01-26 |
Family
ID=84979384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2022/010679 WO2023003378A1 (ko) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240047731A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4276952A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2024508186A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2023003378A1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024195981A1 (ko) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-09-26 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지, 및 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20120118435A (ko) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 그것을 포함한 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20140105753A (ko) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-09-02 | 히다치 막셀 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
US20160006031A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-01-07 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active substance, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
KR20160080865A (ko) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 양극 활물질 및 그 제조방법, 상기 양극 활물질을 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 |
KR20160135525A (ko) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-28 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20210095985A (ko) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-04 | 일렉트로닉 아트 아이엔씨. | 네트워크-기반 비디오 게임 애플리케이션을 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
KR20220089894A (ko) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-29 | 에스케이매직 주식회사 | 의류처리장치 및 이의 제어방법 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9601228B2 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2017-03-21 | Envia Systems, Inc. | Silicon oxide based high capacity anode materials for lithium ion batteries |
CA2916900C (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2018-12-11 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Mixed positive active material comprising lithium metal oxide and lithium metal phosphate |
KR102498342B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-29 | 2023-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 과잉의 리튬 망간계 산화물 및 리튬 과잉의 리튬 망간계 산화물상에 리튬 텅스텐 화합물, 또는 추가적으로 텅스텐 화합물을 더 포함하는 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 |
CN111201659B (zh) * | 2018-02-28 | 2023-08-11 | 松下控股株式会社 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
WO2019207065A1 (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2019-10-31 | Rhodia Operations | Fluorinated oxide based on li and mn |
WO2020105975A1 (ko) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 음극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
JP7128245B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-08-30 | エコプロ ビーエム カンパニー リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
CN111446444B (zh) * | 2020-03-03 | 2021-06-15 | 北京当升材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种富锂锰基材料及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-21 EP EP22846248.7A patent/EP4276952A4/en active Pending
- 2022-07-21 JP JP2023554046A patent/JP2024508186A/ja active Pending
- 2022-07-21 US US18/276,557 patent/US20240047731A1/en active Pending
- 2022-07-21 WO PCT/KR2022/010679 patent/WO2023003378A1/ko active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20120118435A (ko) * | 2011-04-18 | 2012-10-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 그것을 포함한 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20140105753A (ko) * | 2011-12-19 | 2014-09-02 | 히다치 막셀 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
US20160006031A1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2016-01-07 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active substance, positive electrode material, positive electrode, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
KR20160080865A (ko) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 양극 활물질 및 그 제조방법, 상기 양극 활물질을 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 |
KR20160135525A (ko) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-28 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20210095985A (ko) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-08-04 | 일렉트로닉 아트 아이엔씨. | 네트워크-기반 비디오 게임 애플리케이션을 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
KR20220089894A (ko) | 2020-12-22 | 2022-06-29 | 에스케이매직 주식회사 | 의류처리장치 및 이의 제어방법 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP4276952A4 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024195981A1 (ko) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-09-26 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지, 및 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4276952A1 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
US20240047731A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
EP4276952A4 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
JP2024508186A (ja) | 2024-02-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2019216694A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2018135822A1 (ko) | 비수전해액용 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2018135889A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019078503A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극재, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2021154026A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극 활물질 전구체, 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020149678A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019151725A1 (ko) | 고온 저장 특성이 향상된 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2018093152A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2019045399A2 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2021235818A1 (ko) | 이차전지의 제조방법 | |
WO2021040388A1 (ko) | 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020180160A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2018135890A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020036336A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 | |
WO2022092831A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2021118144A1 (ko) | 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이차전지 | |
WO2020213962A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수전해액 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2023003378A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2018131952A1 (ko) | 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2020222469A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2023153813A1 (ko) | 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2023063648A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
WO2023286940A1 (ko) | 신규한 화합물, 이를 포함하는 이차 전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 | |
WO2023059074A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지 | |
WO2023059069A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22846248 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280014192.4 Country of ref document: CN Ref document number: 18276557 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022846248 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230810 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023554046 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202317062339 Country of ref document: IN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |