WO2023000479A1 - 一种屈服强度420MPa级热轧耐低温H型钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种屈服强度420MPa级热轧耐低温H型钢及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/08—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel
- B21B1/088—H- or I-sections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising
- C21C1/025—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. Specifically, the invention relates to a 420MPa grade hot-rolled low-temperature-resistant H-shaped steel and a preparation method thereof.
- H-shaped steel production enterprises have successively developed H-shaped steels with different grades of yield strength above 345MPa, which are generally produced by composite microalloying and hot rolling. Different enterprises prepare products of different grades and comprehensive performance according to the level of equipment.
- Patent application CN201510498771.2 discloses a 420MPa grade excellent low-temperature toughness hot-rolled H-beam and its production method, composition: C 0.06-0.12%, Si 0.20-0.40%, Mn 1.20-1.60%, P ⁇ 0.015%, S ⁇ 0.010%, V 0.050 ⁇ 0.070%, Ni 0.10 ⁇ 0.20%, N 0.0050 ⁇ 0.0100%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- this patent Compared with the existing technology, this patent has developed a 420MPa hot-rolled H-shaped steel with excellent comprehensive performance through reasonable V, Ni, and N composition design, matching the appropriate controlled rolling and controlled cooling process; the yield strength ReH is 440-520MPa ; Tensile strength Rm is 550 ⁇ 650MPa, elongation A is A ⁇ 22%, -40°C low temperature impact toughness KV2 ⁇ 100J.
- the patent controlled cooling adopts a two-stage method, the first stage of rapid cooling + the second stage of air cooling, which requires a special cooling device to meet the above preparation requirements.
- the produced 420MPa grade excellent low-temperature toughness hot-rolled H-beam thickness direction property Z is 40-65%.
- Patent application CN201510788520.8 discloses a 420MPa grade high-strength low-yield ratio H-shaped steel and its preparation method.
- the chemical composition of the H-shaped steel is: C 0.11-0.15%, Si 0.20-0.35%, Mn 1.35-1.50%, P ⁇ 0.035%, S ⁇ 0.025%, Cu 0.25-0.30%, Cr 0.40-0.45, Ni 0.20-0.30%, Nb 0.20-0.30%, and the rest are iron and trace impurities.
- This patent realizes the production of 420MPa grade low yield ratio H-beam through optimized composition design, yield strength greater than 427MPa, tensile strength greater than 641MPa, and yield ratio 0.64-0.67.
- This patent adds Ni, Nb, Cu and other elements, which are used in specific high-corrosion-resistant environments; the preparation process is affected by Cu elements, and the probability of cracks in the legs of H-beams increases under high final rolling temperature conditions, and at the same time significantly increases preparation cost.
- Patent application CN201510498771.2 discloses a 420MPa high-performance anti-seismic H-shaped steel and its preparation method, including the following weight percentages: C: 0.15-0.18wt%, Si: 0.30-0.45wt%, Mn: 1.35-1.55wt% , V: 0.070-0.090wt%, P: ⁇ 0.015wt%, S: ⁇ 0.020wt%, and the rest are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the preparation method includes molten steel smelting, deoxidation alloying, molten steel LF furnace refining, molten steel casting, and post-treatment steps.
- the patent smelting adopts nitrogen-enriched vanadium microalloying process, which can effectively refine the austenite grains, and increase the nitrogen content during smelting, which is conducive to the formation of vanadium carbonitrides to disperse at the grain boundaries and promote the austenite grains. Grain nucleation further refines austenite grains, and through rolling, controlled cooling, rapid cooling and other processes, it ensures the excellent shape and surface quality of H-beams and improves performance.
- the patent obtained a strength index of 420MPa, but did not greatly improve the low temperature toughness.
- the above three 420MPa grade H-beams and their preparation technologies all adopt micro-alloying and different cooling methods.
- the products involved are larger in size, have higher strength and at the same time ensure a certain impact toughness, and have higher requirements for cooling equipment;
- ordinary equipment is used for rolling, and the requirements for low-temperature toughness are relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to re-design for small and medium-sized H-beam products to improve the strength under the condition of high-temperature normalizing rolling while further improving the impact toughness.
- H-beams unlike plate rolling, H-beams have more stringent requirements on the process because of their complex cross-sections.
- the dephosphorization link in the steelmaking process is generally completed in a converter, but the dephosphorization rate of a single converter is low, and it is difficult to stably control the phosphorus content in molten steel below 0.01%.
- two converters are mostly used for deep dephosphorization using a dual process, which can stably control the phosphorus content in molten steel below 0.01%.
- Phosphorus and decarburization requires a new dephosphorization furnace, and the smelting time is more than 40 minutes longer than that of a single converter, which has the disadvantages of large equipment investment and low production efficiency.
- Some enterprises use converter double slag method for deep dephosphorization. However, since the dephosphorization slag cannot be completely drained once in the converter, the deep dephosphorization rate cannot be guaranteed, and it is difficult to stably control the phosphorus content in molten steel below 0.01%.
- Some enterprises use the three dephosphorization processes (desiliconization, desulfurization, and dephosphorization) in the pretreatment of molten iron for dephosphorization.
- the dephosphorization reaction is a reaction at the slag-steel interface, the reaction equation is shown in the following formula 1, phosphorus and oxygen
- the reaction product P 2 O 5 of the element is very unstable. P 2 O 5 can only be removed when it enters the slag and reacts with CaO to form CaO ⁇ P 2 O 5.
- H-shaped steel In order to meet the needs of high-strength, high-low temperature ductile steel in complex environments such as the Arctic and Antarctic, a hot-rolled low-temperature resistant H-shaped steel with a yield strength of 420MPa and its preparation method were designed and invented.
- the H-shaped steel not only meets the extremely low temperature condition
- the invention provides a low-temperature-resistant H-shaped steel with a yield strength of 420 MPa, the chemical composition of which is: C: 0.08%-0.10%, Si ⁇ 0.2%, Mn: 1.25%-1.45%, V: 0.03%-0.045 %, Ti: 0.015% ⁇ 0.025%, Cr: 0.15% ⁇ 0.30%, A1s: 0.02% ⁇ 0.04%, N: 0.007% ⁇ 0.01%, P ⁇ 0.008%, S ⁇ 0.005%, O ⁇ 0.004%, the rest For Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- P and S elements in the present invention satisfy P+S ⁇ 0.01%.
- the H-shaped steel prepared by meeting the requirements of this formula can better meet the impact toughness requirements at polar temperatures.
- the invention is especially suitable for preparing small and medium-sized H-shaped steel products with a flange thickness of less than 15mm, but is not limited to the products of the above-mentioned specifications.
- the matrix structure of the steel is ultra-fine flaky pearlite and flat ferrite, and at the same time, certain nano-scale vanadium-containing carbides are obtained.
- the compression ratio is relatively large, combined with factors such as equipment capacity and difficulty in controlling the final rolling temperature, so the carbon content should not be too high, and should be controlled at 0.08% to 0.10%.
- Mn can stabilize the austenite structure, increase the hardenability of the steel, and increase the strength of the steel.
- Mn is also an element that is easy to segregate, and it is unevenly distributed in different parts of the steel structure, resulting in large performance differences.
- too much addition of Mn will damage the low-temperature toughness, plasticity and other mechanical performance indicators, and it is not easy to add too much. Therefore, considering comprehensively, the Mn content in the steel of the present invention is controlled to be 1.25%-1.45%.
- Si is a deoxidizing element, which helps to improve the strength, but too high Si will form a large amount of Si-containing Fe 2 SiO 4 Si on the surface of the steel, thereby increasing the viscosity of the steel, making it difficult to remove the oxide scale and affecting the surface quality.
- the lower limit of the content is set to 0.20% or less.
- Phosphorus As a harmful impurity in steel, phosphorus can significantly expand the two-phase region between the liquid phase and the solid phase, and is easy to segregate at the grain boundary, making the local structure of the steel abnormal, causing the steel to be "cold and brittle", and significantly reducing the low temperature of the steel. Impact toughness and temper brittleness, resulting in uneven mechanical properties; phosphorus can also cause corrosion fatigue and welding cracking. Therefore, proper control of P content in converter smelting has a significant effect on improving the low temperature toughness of H-beams. Considering the equipment capability, P ⁇ 0.008% in the present invention.
- Sulfur As one of the five elements that inevitably exist in steel, it causes weld cracking and toughness decline due to solidification segregation. The intermittent inclusions brought about by the preparation process seriously deteriorate the low temperature toughness of steel, so their content should be reduced as much as possible. Sulfur easily forms MnS inclusions and becomes the origin of cracks to deteriorate the workability, and the S content is preferably limited to 0.005% or less.
- the lower limit of P and S depends on the equipment capability and cost control, both of which can exceed 0%, and P+S ⁇ 0.010%.
- Aluminum is used as a strong deoxidizing element in the preparation process of the H-shaped steel of the present invention. In order to ensure that the oxygen content in the steel is as low as possible and reduce the probability of spherical inclusions; some aluminum can also form AlN precipitates with nitrogen in the steel, which can increase the strength of the steel. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of aluminum is controlled at 0.02%-0.04%.
- Titanium is a strong carbide forming element. A small amount of Ti is beneficial to fix N in the steel. At the same time, the fine TiN formed can inhibit the excessive growth of austenite grains when the billet is heated, thereby refining the original austenite grains. grain purpose. Ti can also generate TiC, TiS, Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and other compounds in steel, which can also prevent the grain growth of the heat-affected zone during welding, and can also improve the welding performance of the finished H-beam. Therefore, in the present invention, 0.015% to 0.025% of Ti is selected to be added.
- Vanadium As a strong carbonitride forming element, the carbonitrides of V form nano-scale carbonitrides in the cooling stage of the post-rolling stage to play a significant role in precipitation strengthening; VN alloys can be used as nucleation points for ferrite and pearlite structures , contribute to the grain refinement of the organization. VC also plays the role of precipitation strengthening, and at the same time, the rolling deformation resistance of vanadium-containing steel is low, which plays a role in reducing the rolling load. For the yield strength level of 420MPa, the V content is controlled at 0.03% to 0.045%.
- Chromium Adding a certain amount of Cr to steel can improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of steel.
- the addition of chromium to steel can significantly improve the hardenability of steel.
- the hardenability of Cr element is weaker than that of Mo element, and it will not form a large amount of bainite structure at a lower cooling rate to deteriorate the toughness of steel.
- too high or too low Cr content is unfavorable to the hardenability and delayed fracture of the steel, and easily causes defects.
- Cr is controlled between 0.15% and 0.30%.
- N element in steel forms TiN with Ti, and forms VN with V at the same time
- VC alloy has a precipitation strengthening effect and improves strength. If the N content is too high, it is easy to induce defects in the surface quality of the slab and produce transverse cracks. Therefore, the present invention requires a nitrogen content of 0.007% to 0.010%.
- Oxygen Appropriately reducing the oxygen content in the steel can avoid the formation of large particles of oxide inclusions with strong oxidizing elements, thereby ensuring the improvement of the toughness and plasticity of the steel.
- the present invention requires the nitrogen content to be ⁇ 0.004%.
- the yield strength of the H-shaped steel is ⁇ 420MPa, the tensile strength is ⁇ 520MPa, the elongation is ⁇ 20%, and the impact energy at -50°C is ⁇ 100J.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned H-shaped steel with a yield strength of 420 MPa.
- the preparation method includes the following steps: molten iron pretreatment + deep dephosphorization ⁇ converter smelting ⁇ ladle blowing argon ⁇ RH/LF refining ⁇ rectangular continuous casting slab casting ⁇ Slow cooling or hot delivery and hot charging in the slow cooling pit of continuous casting slab ⁇ semi-continuous rolling of section steel wire ⁇ intensive slow cooling in cooling bed; specifically, the following steps are included:
- the molten iron in the blast furnace flows into the first ladle.
- the dephosphorization agent is injected into the ladle for dephosphorization.
- the liquid level in the ladle continues to rise, and the liquid level of the molten iron exceeds
- the upper edge of the iron opening is 20 to 30 cm, open the iron opening, and the molten iron flows into the second ladle through the iron opening, and the injection dephosphorization operation is carried out again in the second ladle, and the second ladle is facing the slag interface of the iron ladle.
- the side of the lower 20-30cm is also provided with an iron discharge hole, and the molten iron dephosphorized on the upper part of the second ladle flows downward through the iron discharge hole into the third molten iron ladle, and then circulates through the iron discharge hole and flows downward into the Nth molten iron ladle.
- the molten iron is dephosphorized for N times, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron is removed to below 0.02%, wherein, 4 ⁇ N ⁇ 6;
- the first ladle to the N-1th ladle have a nominal volume of 30-50t of molten iron, a depth of 1.5-2m, and are opened at the side wall of the ladle at a distance of 50-60cm from the top of the ladle.
- There is an iron opening and the iron opening protrudes 20-30 cm outwards, and a slide plate is used to control the switch of the iron opening, and the volume of the Nth molten iron ladle matches the tonnage of the converter project.
- the injection point of the dephosphorizing agent includes the injection point of the blast furnace molten iron to the first ladle and the injection point of the molten iron in the upper ladle to the lower ladle, that is, the injection point of the molten iron in the first ladle to the second ladle.
- the molten iron is stirred violently, and the kinetic conditions of dephosphorization are good.
- the dephosphorization agent is a mixture of sludge pellets and lime, the mass ratio of sludge pellets and lime is 1:1, and the mass percentage of components in sludge pellets includes: CaO: 2-8%, Fe 2 O 3 : 85-92%, SiO 2 : 1-5%, the mass percentages of ingredients in lime include: CaO: 85-90%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0-3%, SiO 2 : 0-10 %, MgO: 0-10%, and the addition amount of the dephosphorization agent in the ladle is 2-3kg/ton of iron ladle.
- the carrier gas when spraying the dephosphorization agent is oxygen
- the spraying pressure is 0.2-0.3Mpa
- the spraying flow rate is 2-4m 3 /min.
- the position of the next ladle is 60-70cm lower than that of the previous ladle.
- the slag changing operation is as follows: the slag in the first ladle is poured out, the slag at the top of the second ladle is poured into the first ladle, and the slag at the top of the third ladle is poured into the second ladle , until the slag at the top of the N-1 ladle is poured into the N-2 ladle;
- the first ladle to the top of the N-1th ladle are provided with slag outlets, the slag outlets protrude outwards by 20-30 mm, and the position difference between the slag outlet and the iron outlet on the ladle wall is is a quarter of a circle;
- the first molten iron ladle to the N-1th molten iron ladle car are all equipped with hydraulic lifting devices and rotating devices, which can lift the molten iron ladle by 1-2m, and can rotate the molten iron by 90 degrees around the central axis.
- rolling is divided into rough rolling and finish rolling, and rough rolling adopts reciprocating rolling generally 7 times.
- the finishing rolling adopts 5 continuous rolling passes, and the water cooling between the finishing rolling stands is fully turned on.
- the compression ratio of the last two passes of finishing rolling is 6% to 12%; the cooling after finishing rolling is sufficient to precipitate the carbon of V
- the nitrides exert a precipitation strengthening effect.
- the invention realizes the industrialized production of small and medium-sized 420MPa high-strength and tough H-shaped steel products through the design of low-carbon, low-phosphorous and vanadium-added micro-alloying process, combined with profile steel pass rolling.
- the molten iron is subjected to multi-stage injection dephosphorization treatment, and the molten iron in the ladle is subjected to injection dephosphorization treatment.
- the ladle slag interface is 20 to 30 cm below the side of the molten iron ladle, and the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization in the upper part of the ladle flows into the next ladle through the ladle, and spraying dephosphorization is carried out again in the next ladle operation, and the side of the lower ladle steel slag interface is 20-30cm down, and there is also an iron outlet, and the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization on the upper part of the next ladle can continue to flow downward through the iron outlet.
- the molten iron ladle performs 4-6 dephosphorization operations on the molten iron in such a cycle.
- the following will introduce the dephosphorization process of the molten iron by taking the 4 dephosphorization of the molten iron as an example. Since the slag in the upper level ladle cannot flow into the lower level ladle, only the molten iron will flow into the lower level ladle, and the phosphorus and slag in the lower level ladle will have a dephosphorization equilibrium reaction again, and the molten iron The phosphorus element is further removed, and after multiple dephosphorization treatments, the phosphorus element in the molten iron will be removed to an extremely low value.
- Step 1) During the tapping process of the blast furnace, the molten iron in the blast furnace flows into the first ladle.
- the nominal volume of the first ladle is 30-50t of molten iron, and the depth is 1.5-2m.
- the iron discharge port When the molten iron level is 20-30cm higher than the upper edge of the iron discharge port, the iron discharge port is opened, and the molten iron flows into the second ladle through the iron discharge port.
- the flow rate of the first ladle is the same, the liquid level of the molten iron is in a stable state of neither rising nor falling, the dephosphorization reaction continues at the steel slag interface of the first ladle, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron near the steel slag interface is continuously removed.
- the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization on the upper part of the ladle flows into the second ladle through the iron opening.
- the position of the second molten iron ladle is 60-70cm lower than that of the first molten iron ladle, and the molten iron flows into the second molten iron ladle from the first molten iron ladle through the iron opening under the action of gravity.
- Step 2) The ladle size parameters and dephosphorization process parameters of the second ladle, the third ladle, and the fourth ladle are exactly the same as those of the first ladle, and spraying is carried out in the second, third, and fourth ladles. Dephosphorization operation.
- the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization near the steel slag interface in the second ladle flows into the third ladle through the iron discharge hole under the action of gravity, and the molten iron with relatively sufficient dephosphorization near the steel slag interface in the third ladle passes through the iron discharge hole under the action of gravity Flow into the fourth ladle.
- the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization near the slag interface of the fourth ladle flows into the fifth ladle under the action of gravity through the iron opening.
- the positions of the third ladle, the fourth ladle and the fifth ladle are 60-70cm lower than the positions of the second ladle, the third ladle and the fourth ladle respectively.
- the fifth ladle is a large-volume ladle.
- the volume of the fifth ladle matches the tonnage of the converter project.
- the molten iron in the fifth ladle is transported to the KR station for desulfurization. After desulfurization, it is transported to the converter for normal smelting.
- the phosphorus content at the end of smelting is controlled below 0.007%.
- the first to fourth ladles are all subjected to a slag change operation.
- the slag change process is that the slag in the first ladle is poured out, and the slag at the top of the second ladle is poured out. Pour into the first ladle, the slag from the top of the third ladle is poured into the second ladle, and the slag from the top of the fourth ladle is poured into the third ladle. Due to the multi-stage dephosphorization process, the next level of molten iron The phosphorus content in the ladle is lower than that of the upper ladle.
- the distribution ratio of phosphorus in the iron slag is basically unchanged, that is, the phosphorus content in the slag of the next ladle will also be lower Therefore, after pouring the slag from the top of the lower ladle into the upper ladle, the slag can still exert a good dephosphorization effect.
- the slag outlets are slag outlets on the top of the first to fourth ladles, and the slag outlets protrude outward by 20-30 mm, and the slag in the ladle can flow out through the slag outlets.
- the position difference of the molten iron ladle wall is a quarter of a circle.
- the first to fourth ladle cars are equipped with hydraulic lifting devices and rotating devices, which can lift the ladle by 1-2m and rotate the molten iron by 90 degrees around the central axis.
- the rotating device on the ladle car when performing the slag change operation, first close the iron outlet, and then use the rotating device on the ladle car to rotate the upper-level molten iron ladle and the lower-level molten iron wrap around the central axis by 90 degrees to avoid touching the steel ladle when it is lifted. Put the iron hole, and then use the hydraulic lifting device to lower the upper ladle and raise the lower ladle until the lower ladle is higher than the upper ladle, and the slag in the lower ladle can be passed through When the slag mouth flows into the upper ladle, the slag outlet is opened, and the slag flows from the lower ladle into the upper ladle, and the slag outlet is closed after the slag flows completely.
- the present invention combines the characteristics of thin flanges of small and medium-sized H-beams in rectangular billet rolling, adopts the design of low C content suitable for normalizing rolling and V microalloying components, and adds an appropriate amount of Cr element to control the cooling rate and avoid the occurrence of Wei's body and other abnormal structures, and deteriorate the low temperature impact toughness of steel. Therefore, a stable and controlled high-strength and tough hot-rolled H-beam above the 420MPa level can be obtained on the hot-rolled H-beam rolling mill.
- the present invention adopts a low-phosphorus smelting process to control the P content below 0.008%, and at the same time, the P+S content is below 0.011%, which is conducive to improving the low-temperature toughness of the steel and maintaining a high level under the condition of -50°C.
- the matrix structure of the H-shaped steel of the present invention is refined pearlite + proeutectoid ferrite, and the second phase particles are mainly V(C, N), which has better structure stability and is easier to obtain.
- the present invention achieves fine-grain strengthening and precipitation strengthening through the refinement of the matrix structure, and achieves the good effect of obtaining 420MPa for H-shaped steel and obtaining low-temperature impact toughness greater than 100J under the condition of -50°C.
- the molten iron is sprayed and dephosphorized four to six times through four to six small ladles.
- the dephosphorization operation is a continuous operation with high production efficiency, and the total dephosphorization time is
- the turnover time of molten iron in these four to six small iron ladles is only 20 to 30 minutes, which is much lower than the three dephosphorization treatment time, and the dephosphorization efficiency is high.
- the iron outlet in the small ladle of the present invention is located near the interface of the steel slag in the ladle.
- the dynamic conditions for dephosphorization at this position are good, and the dephosphorization reaction at the slag-steel interface is relatively sufficient, so the fully dephosphorized molten iron will flow into the next step.
- Level iron ladle, the molten iron that has not undergone dephosphorization reaction at the bottom of the ladle rises to the slag-steel interface and continues to undergo dephosphorization reaction. This dephosphorization method has high dephosphorization efficiency.
- the phosphorus enrichment amount of the slag in the next-level ladle of the present invention is lower than that of the slag in the upper-level ladle, so the molten iron flowing into the next-level ladle can continue to undergo dephosphorization reaction with the slag, which is equivalent to
- the phosphorus content in the hot metal can be removed to less than 0.02%, and the dephosphorization rate of the hot metal is high, which is conducive to the stable production of low-phosphorus steel.
- the phosphorus enrichment amount of the lower ladle slag of the present invention is lower than that of the upper ladle slag, so after the slag of the lower ladle flows into the upper ladle, it can still play a role in desorption.
- the phosphorus effect is equivalent to the recycling of dephosphorization slag, which saves the consumption of dephosphorization materials and reduces the cost of dephosphorization.
- Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure diagram ( ⁇ 200) of the yield strength 420MPa level high toughness low temperature resistant H-shaped steel prepared by embodiment 2 of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is the multistage dephosphorization schematic diagram described in the application
- Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a small ladle
- Fig. 4 is a side view schematic diagram of a small ladle structure
- the continuous casting slabs in the following examples are all prepared according to the following process flow: according to the set chemical composition range (Table 1), using blast furnace molten iron as raw material, through dephosphorization, KR dephosphorization and converter smelting in the blast furnace tapping process , Refining, adjust the content of C, Si, Mn, S, P, etc. and carry out microalloying. After the composition reaches the target value, carry out continuous casting, direct heating or soaking of the cast slab.
- Table 1 set chemical composition range
- section steel rolling includes two-stage rolling of rough rolling and finishing rolling.
- the hot rolling process is mainly based on temperature control.
- the final rolling temperature is detected on the outside of the flange, and the rolled material is naturally cooled in the cooling bed after rolling.
- Table 1 The chemical composition and specific process of Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 0.08 0.15 1.30 0.007 0.002 0.28 0.03 0.015 0.025 0.008
- Example 2 0.09 0.20 1.45 0.006 0.003 0.30 0.03 0.025 0.026 0.009
- Example 3 0.08 0.20 1.28 0.006 0.004 0.25 0.04 0.018 0.03 0.008
- Example 4 0.10 0.15 1.39 0.005 0.003 0.30 0.035 0.019 0.033 0.01
- the specific dephosphorization process in blast furnace tapping process is:
- Step 1 During the tapping process of the blast furnace, the molten iron in the blast furnace flows into the first ladle.
- the nominal volume of the first ladle is 30t of molten iron, and the depth is 1.5m. Put the iron hole, the iron hole protrudes 20cm outward, and use the slide plate to control the switch of the iron hole.
- dephosphorization is carried out by spraying dephosphorization agent in the ladle.
- the molten iron level exceeds 20cm from the upper edge of the iron hole, the iron hole is opened, and the molten iron flows into the second ladle through the iron hole.
- the flow rate of the ladle is the same, the molten iron level is in a stable state of neither rising nor falling, the dephosphorization reaction continues at the steel slag interface of the first ladle, and the phosphorus content in the molten iron near the steel slag interface is continuously removed, and the first ladle The molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization in the upper part flows into the second ladle through the iron outlet, as shown in Figure 2-4.
- the injection point of the dephosphorizing agent includes the injection point of the blast furnace molten iron to the first ladle and the injection point of the molten iron in the upper ladle to the lower ladle, where the molten iron is stirred violently, and the dephosphorization kinetic conditions it is good.
- the dephosphorization agent is a mixture of sludge pellets and lime, the amount of dephosphorization agent added in the first ladle is 2kg/ton of iron ladle, the mass ratio of sludge pellets to lime is 1:1, and the sludge pellets
- the mass percentage of the ingredients in the lime is: CaO: 5%, Fe 2 O 3 : 88%, SiO 2 : 3%, and the rest is impurities.
- the mass percentage of the ingredients in the lime is: CaO: 90%, Fe 2 O 3 : 1%, SiO 2 : 3%, MgO: 5%, and the balance is impurities.
- the carrier gas when spraying the dephosphorization agent is oxygen, the injection pressure is 0.2Mpa, and the injection flow rate is 2m 3 /min.
- Described second molten iron ladle is 60cm lower than the position of the first molten iron ladle, and molten iron flows into the second molten iron ladle from the first molten iron ladle by putting iron hole under the effect of gravity.
- Step 2 the ladle size parameters of the second ladle, the third ladle, and the fourth ladle, and the dephosphorization process parameters are exactly the same as those of the first ladle, and spraying is carried out in the second, third, and fourth ladles. Dephosphorization operation.
- the molten iron with sufficient dephosphorization near the steel slag interface in the second ladle flows into the third ladle through the iron discharge hole under the action of gravity, and the molten iron with relatively sufficient dephosphorization near the steel slag interface in the third ladle passes through the iron discharge hole under the action of gravity Flow into the fourth ladle.
- the fully dephosphorized molten iron near the steel slag interface of the fourth ladle flows into the fifth ladle under the action of gravity through the tap hole.
- the positions of the third ladle, the fourth ladle and the fifth ladle are 60cm lower than the positions of the second ladle, the third ladle and the fourth ladle respectively.
- composition and temperature of the molten iron are detected, and the dephosphorization rate and temperature of the molten iron in the four small ladles are as follows:
- the fifth ladle is a large-volume ladle.
- the volume of the fifth ladle matches the tonnage of the converter project.
- the molten iron in the fifth ladle is transported to the KR station for desulfurization. After desulfurization, it is transported to the converter for normal smelting.
- the phosphorus content at the end of smelting is controlled below 0.007%.
- the first to fourth ladles are all subjected to a slag replacement operation.
- the slag replacement process is that the slag in the first ladle is poured out, and the slag on the top of the second ladle is poured into the second ladle.
- One ladle, the slag at the top of the third ladle is poured into the second ladle, and the slag at the top of the fourth ladle is poured into the third ladle. Due to the multi-stage dephosphorization process, the slag in the next ladle The phosphorus content is lower than that of the upper ladle.
- the distribution ratio of phosphorus in slag and iron is basically unchanged, that is to say, the phosphorus content in the lower ladle slag will also be lower than that of the previous one.
- grade steel ladle the composition of ladle slag is detected, the composition of slag in four small ladles is as follows
- the blast furnace slag 1st ladle 2nd ladle 3rd ladle 4th ladle CaO(%) 41 37 43 45 45 SiO 2 (%) 35 31 30 29 31 Al 2 O 3 (%) 14 11 7 5 5 MgO(%) 6 5 5 6 5
- the slag outlets are on the top of the first to fourth ladles, and the slag outlets protrude outward by 20mm.
- the slag in the ladle can flow out through the slag outlets.
- the slag outlets and iron outlets are located on the wall of the ladle The difference is a quarter of a circle.
- the first ladle to the fourth ladle car are equipped with hydraulic lifting devices and rotating devices, which can lift the ladle by 1.5m and rotate the molten iron around the central axis by 90 degrees.
- the hydraulic lifting device to lower the upper-level ladle and raise the lower-level ladle until the lower-level ladle is higher than the upper-level ladle, and the slag in the lower-level ladle can flow into it through the slag discharge port
- the slag outlet is opened, and the slag flows from the lower ladle into the upper ladle, and the slag outlet is closed after the slag flows out.
- the hot rolling process conditions of Examples 1-4 are shown in Table 2.
- the test method of yield strength, tensile strength and elongation refers to the standard ISO6892-1-2009 “Metal material room temperature tensile test method”
- the impact energy test method refers to the standard ISO 148-1 "Charpy Pendulum Impact Test of Metal Materials", and the results are shown in Table 3.
- the yield strength of Examples 1-4 of the present invention remains at the level of 440 MPa, has good elongation performance, and has a relatively high impact energy at -50°C. It can meet the use conditions of the preparation of marine engineering components in extremely low environments, and is suitable for the production of support structures with high low temperature toughness requirements such as offshore oil platforms and ocean-going transportation ships.
- the structure of the present application is granular bainite + ferrite structure.
- the reduction of P content can meet the strength and improve the toughness, especially the low temperature toughness.
- the conventional technical knowledge in this field can be used for the contents not described in detail in the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
项目 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | V | Ti | Al | N |
实施例1 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 1.30 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 0.008 |
实施例2 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 1.45 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.025 | 0.026 | 0.009 |
实施例3 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 1.28 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.25 | 0.04 | 0.018 | 0.03 | 0.008 |
实施例4 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 1.39 | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.30 | 0.035 | 0.019 | 0.033 | 0.01 |
高炉炉渣 | 第1铁水包 | 第2铁水包 | 第3铁水包 | 第4铁水包 | |
CaO(%) | 41 | 37 | 43 | 45 | 45 |
SiO 2(%) | 35 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 31 |
Al 2O 3(%) | 14 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
MgO(%) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 |
S(%) | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
P 2O 5(%) | 0.13 | 0.91 | 0.64 | 0.47 | 0.30 |
T.Fe(全铁)(%) | 0.3 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 14 |
Claims (10)
- 一种屈服强度420MPa级耐低温H型钢,其特征在于,所述H型钢化学成分组成按重量百分比为:C:0.08%~0.10%,Si≤0.2%,Mn:1.25%~1.45%,V:0.03%~0.045%,Ti:0.015%~0.025%,Cr:0.15%~0.30%,A1s:0.02%~0.04%,N:0.007%~0.01%,P≤0.008%,S≤0.005%,O≤0.004%,其余为Fe和不可避免杂质。
- 根据权利要求1所述的屈服强度420MPa级耐低温H型钢,其特征在于,所述H型钢化学成分组成按重量百分比为:P+S≤0.01%。
- 一种屈服强度420MPa级耐低温H型钢的制备方法,包括以下步骤:1)铁水预处理、多次脱磷:在高炉出铁过程中,高炉中铁水流入第一铁水包,随着高炉中铁水的持续注入,对铁水包中喷吹脱磷剂进行脱磷,铁水包中液位不断上升,铁水液位超过放铁口上沿20~30cm时,开启放铁口,铁水经放铁口流入第二铁水包,在第二铁水包内再次进行喷吹脱磷操作,且第二铁水包在铁水包钢渣界面向下20~30cm处的侧面也开设有放铁口,第二铁水包上部脱磷的铁水通过放铁口向下流入第三铁水包,如此循环通过放铁口向下流入第N铁水包,对铁水进行N次脱磷操作,将铁水中磷含量脱至0.02%以下,其中,4≤N≤6;每脱磷30到40min后,第一铁水包至第N-1铁水包都进行一次换渣操作;2)转炉冶炼:终点磷含量控制在0.007%以下;3)钢包吹氩、RH/LF精炼、矩形连铸坯浇铸、连铸坯缓冷坑进行缓冷或者热送热装、型钢线半连续轧制、冷床密集缓冷;其中,在轧制过程中,加热炉均热温度为1210~1250℃,铸坯在炉时间为140~180min;精轧开轧温度为1000~1050℃,精轧终轧温度为890~930℃。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中第一铁水包至第N-1铁水包公称容积为30~50t铁水,深度为1.5~2m,在距离铁水包顶部50~60cm处的铁水包侧壁处开有放铁口,放铁口向外伸出20~30cm,采用滑板控制放铁口的开关,所述第N铁水包的容积与转炉工程吨位相匹配;所述步骤4)精轧最后两道次压缩比为6%~12%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脱磷剂喷吹点为高炉铁水向第一铁水包的注入点和上一级铁水包中铁水向下一级铁水包的注入点。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脱磷剂为污泥球和石灰的混合物,污泥球和石灰的质量比为1:1,污泥球中成份的质量百分含量包括:CaO:2~8%,Fe 2O 3:85~92%,SiO 2:1~5%,石灰中成份的质量百分含量包括:CaO:85~90%,Fe 2O 3:0~3%,SiO 2:0~10%,MgO:0~10%,所述铁水包中脱磷剂的加入量为2~3kg/吨铁·铁水包。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述喷吹脱磷剂时的载气为氧气, 喷吹压力为0.2~0.3Mpa,喷吹流量为2~4m 3/min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铁水包中,下一个铁水包比上一个铁水包的位置低60-70cm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述换渣操作为:第一铁水包中的炉渣被倒出,第二铁水包顶部的炉渣被倒入第一铁水包,第三铁水包顶部的炉渣被倒入第二铁水包,直至第N-1铁水包顶部的炉渣被倒入第N-2铁水包。
- 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一铁水包至第N-1铁水包顶部均开有放渣口,放渣口向外伸出20~30mm,放渣口和放铁口在铁水包包壁的位置差为四分之一圆周;第一铁水包至第N-1铁水包包车中均配置有液压升降装置和旋转装置,将铁水包升降1~2m,并可将铁水包绕中轴线旋转90度。
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