WO2022268548A1 - Elektrisches versorgungskabel für ein fahrzeug - Google Patents
Elektrisches versorgungskabel für ein fahrzeug Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022268548A1 WO2022268548A1 PCT/EP2022/065950 EP2022065950W WO2022268548A1 WO 2022268548 A1 WO2022268548 A1 WO 2022268548A1 EP 2022065950 W EP2022065950 W EP 2022065950W WO 2022268548 A1 WO2022268548 A1 WO 2022268548A1
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- Prior art keywords
- supply cable
- maximum value
- value
- current
- designed
- Prior art date
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a supply cable for electrically connecting a vehicle, in particular an energy store of a vehicle, to an energy supply device.
- the supply cable can, for example, be a charging cable (even if it can also be used or set up for discharging processes from the vehicle), which is designed to transmit power of at least 0.5 kW, preferably at least 2 kW of electrical power.
- a first charging situation the vehicle can be charged via a dedicated charging infrastructure, which in particular involves permanently installed charging stations.
- charging stations are implemented as charging stations or wall boxes.
- a permanent current socket is provided, as is used for example in normal households for the energy supply.
- this is a 220V Schuko socket or a socket designed according to other regional standards or customs, in which case a three-phase connection can also be provided.
- the charging cable usually has an integrated controller, which can be designed, for example, as an in-cable control box, ICCB, in the connecting line between the two connectors of the charging cable.
- This integrated controller is used to communicate with the vehicle and to enable and set a charging current, since a shockproof socket, unlike a charging station or a wall box, usually does not have a Has communication line through which the vehicle can communicate with the energy supply device.
- a charging current is usually limited to a maximum value that is below a maximum value with which the household socket is usually protected.
- a fuse of 16A which is common in Germany, for example, the integrated control of the charging cable is usually set in such a way that a maximum current consumption of 13A is possible.
- the charging cable according to the invention allows a line network leading to a charging point, e.g. a household socket, not to be overloaded by the charging current. In particular, it is prevented that a fuse protecting the charging connection is repeatedly blown.
- the supply cable is used to draw electrical energy from an energy supply device. If this energy supply device has less fuse protection than the maximum current that can be drawn in the supply cable, or if other consumers are already connected to the energy supply device or if they are connected after the charging process has started, drawing a charging current via the supply cable can, for example, lead to the fuse being triggered .
- supply cable detects such a situation (i.e. an unplanned, undesired interruption of the current flow with regard to the charging process) in order to then either automatically avoid triggering the fuse again or to allow a user to configure the charging cable accordingly in order to avoid triggering the fuse in the future.
- the supply cable for electrically connecting a vehicle, in particular an energy store of a vehicle, to an energy supply device providing electrical energy has a connecting line and a primary connector which is or can be electrically coupled to the connecting line.
- the vehicle and the power supply device are different components.
- the primary connector has a vehicle connection, which is designed for a detachable electrical connection to the vehicle, in particular to the energy store of the vehicle.
- the primary connector can be, for example, a Type 2 connector or any other type of connector designed for connection to the vehicle.
- the supply cable has a secondary connector which is or can be electrically coupled to the connecting line and which is provided for the detachable electrical connection to the energy supply device.
- Primary connectors and/or secondary connectors can be detachably or permanently coupled to the connection line.
- the secondary connector is used in particular for the electrical connection to a permanent current socket or household socket.
- the secondary connector is a Schuko plug or a three-phase plug. However, it can also be a type 2 connector.
- Primary connectors and secondary connectors can (colloquially) also be referred to as charging plugs.
- the supply cable has a detection device that is set up to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device.
- the detection device is designed to detect or determine an interruption in the electrical current supplied.
- the detection device can be formed in any component of the supply cable, in particular in the primary connector or secondary connector or the connecting line or supply line. If an ICCB is present, the detection device can also be embodied in this ICCB.
- the detection device can, for example, be a current sensor, e.g. a Hall Sensor or the like, have or be connected to such a current sensor in order to determine or detect or measure the electric current flowing in the supply cable.
- the supply cable also has a limiting unit.
- the limiting unit serves to limit an electric current flowing through the supply cable to a maximum value. It is designed or set up to limit.
- the limiting unit is thus provided in particular in order to specify a maximum value for the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to protect the energy supply device from overloading.
- the limiting of the flowing current to the maximum value can be done either actively, e.g. by a dedicated circuit of the limiting unit, which does not allow the flowing current to rise above a maximum value.
- the current flowing can be limited to the maximum value alternatively or additionally (indirectly or passively) by transferring the maximum value to the vehicle and/or charging control of the supply cable and/or to charging control logic of the energy supply device, so that no current is requested or supplied by the vehicle .is supplied by the energy supply device which exceeds the maximum value.
- the restriction unit can be formed in any component of the umbilical cable, in particular in the primary connector or secondary connector or the connecting line. If an ICCB is present, the limitation unit can also be formed in this ICCB.
- the detection device to be set up to transfer a maximum value to the limitation unit and/or to output it as a signal value, based on a current supplied before the interruption was detected.
- the limit value or the signal value can, for example, be output as a suggestion for a setting as a maximum value.
- the detection device is used to determine a break in the current supplied by the energy supply device. If such a termination is detected, in particular unexpectedly and/or abruptly, that is to say not at the end of a charging process, then this may be due to the triggering of a fuse in the energy supply device, for example.
- the limiting value determined by the detection device is therefore such a value of the current remaining below a current that triggers the abort, since the limit value is based on a current supplied before the abort.
- the limiting value can be ascertained or determined or calculated as a function of a current that was supplied or detected or ascertained in time before the termination. In particular, it can be the current that flowed through the charging cable before the disconnection.
- This limiting value can either be transferred or transmitted or sent directly to the limiting unit so that it accepts the limiting value as the maximum value.
- said limit value can also be output or provided as a signal value, in particular as a suggestion for a setting as a maximum value.
- the limit value that is output or provided, or the signal value that can represent the limit value can be output to a user, for example, or to a control device or the like.
- the limiting value or the signal value that is output or provided can thus serve, for example, as a suggestion for a setting or for an input as a maximum value, for example by a user or by a control unit.
- the maximum value set in this way or transferred to the limiting unit or made available or output thus makes it possible to reduce the risk of further triggering of the protection of the energy supply device.
- the invention allows the greatest possible current to flow through the supply cable, since the maximum value is determined based on the limit value and therefore does not have to be estimated, possibly incorrectly, by a user. As a result, even after the fuse has tripped, the safety of the current branch can advantageously be maintained at the same time and the charging time can be minimized.
- the detection device is advantageously designed to detect the termination when the electrical current supplied is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of less than 1 s.
- the termination is then detected by the detection device when the delivered electric current is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of less than 100 ms.
- provision can be made, for example, for a termination to be detected or a situation to be classified or recognized as a termination if a comparison of the determined reduction in the electrical current with a planned reduction in the electrical current exceeds a limit value.
- a target value for the current can be available or made available or read in at any point in time or at defined points in time from the charging controller of the supply cable, the vehicle and/or the energy supply unit (e.g.
- an actual value of the current can be recorded or provided at different points in time.
- a comparison of the actual value and the setpoint value (for example a difference formation), if this comparison exceeds a threshold value, for example, can indicate a termination or be evaluated or recognized as a termination of the current.
- a threshold value can be formed, for example, by the difference between the target value and the actual value increasing to more than 90% of the target value within one second or within 100 ms.
- Such an abrupt drop in the electric current can, for example, lead to the conclusion that the protection of the energy supply device has tripped.
- the current flowing through the supply cable can also drop when a charging process is terminated, for example by the vehicle. In this case, however, it can happen that there is no correspondingly abrupt drop in the electric current, so that the termination can be reliably detected using the criteria described above.
- a signal can be transmitted to the supply cable or the detection device or the detection unit—as described above—from the vehicle or an ICCB or a charging control logic of the energy supply device that the current is being reduced or stopped.
- a signal can be transmitted to the supply cable or the detection device or the detection unit—as described above—from the vehicle or an ICCB or a charging control logic of the energy supply device that the current is being reduced or stopped.
- the termination detection described can advantageously be reliably detected that an overload has occurred and this can be used for a subsequent charging process or for informing the user.
- the detection device is designed to determine the limit value as a function of the last current value detected before the termination.
- the detection device or detection unit is designed to determine the limit value as a function of the mean value from several detected current values in a predefined time window before the termination (e.g. within the last 100 ms before the termination).
- the detection device is designed to determine the limit value by using filtering on a plurality of detected current values before the termination.
- the limiting value can also be determined by forming a time derivative of the current and by assuming the case of termination when a limit value of the derivative is exceeded. One or more of the current values before the limit value can then be used to determine the (new) maximum value or the limit value.
- the termination can be determined by the following steps: (a) reading in or determining a setpoint value for the current, (b) reading in or determining an actual value for the current, (c) comparing setpoint value and actual value, e.g. by forming a difference or the like, (d) deciding whether there is a termination depending on the comparison, e.g. if a difference between the target value and the actual value exceeds a threshold value.
- the detection device is designed in particular to additionally take into account a safety discount for the (new) maximum value or limit value.
- the safety deduction is in particular at least 5% of the determined limit value (i.e. the current that flowed before the termination), preferably at least 10% (e.g. if 10 A is determined as the termination current value, then the new limiting value with a 5% safety reduction is 9.5 A, with 10 % safety discount 9.0 A).
- said Safety deduction advantageously at least 0.5 A, particularly advantageously at least 1.0 A, eg exactly 0.5 A or exactly 1.0 A provided that the detection device determines the termination as such an event during which the flowing current drops.
- Those measured values of the flowing current which were determined in terms of time before said current drop are, in particular, those values which can be assumed as limiting values, advantageously with said safety discount.
- the last current value detected before the termination is therefore in particular a current value from which a drop in the current was determined. If the detection device establishes, for example, that a current current value is significantly lower than a previously determined current value, then there is a termination and the previously determined current value is the last current value detected before the termination. If a mean value from several detected current values before the termination is used to determine the limiting value, then it can be a weighted or unweighted mean value.
- those measured current values that are closer to the break in time can be weighted more heavily than those measured current values that are at a greater distance from the break in time.
- the predefined time window before the termination can only be designed, for example, in such a way that it has a maximum period of 2 s.
- the time window can have a maximum duration of 1 s, for example.
- the safety discount described above makes it possible for the limit value to be below the triggering threshold of the fuse, even taking into account triggering tolerances of a fuse for the energy supply device. Using the limiting value determined in this way minimizes the risk of the fuse of the energy supply device tripping again, since the current flowing through the supply cable remains below a value that previously did not trigger said fuse of the energy supply device.
- a similar or analogous determination of the limit value is also possible if a method as described above using setpoint and actual values is used - here, for example, the actual value can be used as the limit value in which the comparison exceeds the threshold value or a has just fallen below another threshold value. If, for example, the termination threshold value is 90% of the target value, the further threshold value can be, for example, 10% of the target value.
- the termination threshold value is reached, then there is a termination.
- the last value in time before the termination criterion (or an average of values or the like, see the explanations above) can then be used as the limiting value, for example, or a last value before the termination, for which the difference value was lower than the further threshold value, im For example less than 10%.
- the supply cable can be switched between a learning mode and a normal mode.
- the limitation unit is designed, in the learning mode, to gradually increase the current flowing through the supply cable in accordance with a predefined rule up to the set maximum value.
- the limiting unit is designed to limit the current flowing through the supply cable to the maximum value.
- a difference between the learning mode and the normal mode is in particular such that the limiting unit in the learning mode does not immediately allow a current up to the maximum value (as in the normal mode, in which a switch is thrown, so to speak), but an increase in the current up to delayed to the maximum value or stretched over a predefined period of time. In this way, in particular, a break in the current can be reliably detected, with the current value at which the break occurs being better recognizable. The limiting value can thus be determined more precisely.
- the supply cable is designed to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device in the learning mode at a higher monitoring rate than in the normal mode.
- this enables an improved and more precise determination of the termination of the current, in order to be able to determine the limiting value more precisely. If, for example, provision is made for a current value to be determined or read from a sensor every 50 ms in the normal mode, it is provided for example in the learning mode that every 10 ms or every millisecond a measured value is determined or read from said current sensor. The limit value can thus be determined safely and reliably by the learning mode.
- the probability of another interruption when the supply cable is used again on the energy supply device is minimized, since the limiting unit and the detection device provide the framework conditions for the greatest possible accuracy in determining the limit value are reached. If there is no abortion during the learning mode, the current that flows can at most assume the maximum value, which means that, with the exception of the delay in the increase in current up to the maximum value, no further influences are made on the charging process.
- the learning mode is advantageous in particular when the supply cable is used for the first time on an unknown energy supply device, in order to test protection of the energy supply device.
- the learning mode can be used several times in succession in a particularly advantageous manner if an abort was detected in the learning mode.
- the previously determined limiting value can be used as the maximum value for a new run through the learning mode.
- a triggering threshold for protecting the energy supply device can thus be determined precisely and reliably. Ideally, a fuse will only trip once if no additional loads are connected.
- the predefined rule is advantageously a predefined ramp for increasing the current.
- the predefined ramp starts from a predefined starting value, which can be, for example, 0 A or 1 A or 2 A. Starting from this predefined start value, the ramp allows the current to increase by means of a predefined gradient, for example 1 A/s or 0.5 A/s or 0.1 A/s.
- the predefined ramp can also be multi-stage and include different gradients, for example a first area with a first gradient and a second area with a second gradient, with the second gradient enabling a flatter rise in the current (e.g.: first gradient: 1 A/ s to 2 A or to 4 A below maximum, second gradient: 0.1 A/s to maximum).
- the predefined ramp can in particular also be designed in such a way that it starts from a predefined starting point that is selected as a function of the maximum value.
- said ramp may cover a range of 80% below maximum to maximum or 50% below maximum to maximum.
- the ramp means that the current cannot rise abruptly, which would make detection of the limiting value more difficult.
- the supply cable advantageously has a location sensor in order to determine and/or store a link between the limiting value and a location at which the limiting value was determined.
- the detection device or detection unit can only have the location sensor, for example.
- the supply cable or the detection device is particularly advantageously designed to transfer the limit value associated with the location to the limiter unit as a maximum value and/or to output it as a signal value when it reaches a location for which a limit value is stored in association.
- the signal value or the limit value can, for example, be output as a suggestion for a setting as a maximum value, in particular to a user. This makes it possible, in particular, to access maximum values that have already been determined or entered.
- the location sensor can be designed as a GPS sensor, for example. However, it can also be a sensor or a device that carries out an (absolute) location determination, for example using WLAN signals or MAC addresses or a radio cell assignment in mobile radio networks. Other sensors are also possible, which enable a (relative) assignment to a location.
- This can be an RFID reader, for example, which reads an RFID chip on a socket and can thus at least indirectly determine a location, since sockets are generally not mobile.
- the limiting unit is advantageously designed to output or send the maximum value to the vehicle and/or to a charging control logic of the supply cable or the energy supply device.
- the limitation unit is designed to inform the vehicle that the maximum value that can be requested as the charging current is the maximum value that is output or sent or transferred.
- the current flowing through the supply cable can thus be limited simply and reliably by the limiting unit.
- the limiting unit only communicates the maximum value to the vehicle and/or the charging control logic, as a result of which the vehicle and the charging control logic start a charging process in which the maximum value is not exceeded.
- the maximum value can be transferred to the vehicle and/or the charge control logic, for example, via a communication line that is provided for communication between the vehicle and the charge control logic.
- the maximum value can be transferred in such a way that the supply cable has a variable current-carrying capacity code that can be read out by the vehicle and/or the charging control logic. This ampacity coding can be used in particular to limit the charging current that flows through the supply cable. Alternatively or additionally, the maximum value can also be transmitted or output or sent wirelessly.
- the supply cable advantageously has an output unit.
- the output unit is set up in particular to output a signal, in particular an acoustic or visual warning, when the detection device detects the termination.
- the user can advantageously recognize that the set maximum value was possibly too high and can react to this by reducing the maximum value in order to prevent the charging process from being repeatedly aborted and/or a permanent overload of the current branch.
- the output unit is designed to output a signal that the maximum value set by the limiting unit is lower than a maximum possible maximum value.
- the maximum possible maximum value is in particular a technically conditioned maximum possible current that can flow through the supply cable without damaging it or violating other specifications of the supply cable.
- the user can advantageously recognize that a loading process can take longer than would be possible in the best case using the maximum possible maximum value.
- it can advantageously be prevented that the user, after charging at a location with only a low maximum value, inadvertently maintains this low maximum value, although a significantly higher current draw would be possible at the next charging location.
- the signal that is output by the output unit can in particular also be transmitted to a user terminal, such as a smartphone in particular, in order to indicate appropriate warnings and/or information to the user of the supply cable on the user terminal.
- a user terminal such as a smartphone in particular
- the output unit can be arranged, for example, in or on the primary connector, which advantageously makes it directly operable for the user in the vicinity of the vehicle.
- the output unit can be arranged, for example, in or on the secondary connector, as a result of which the signals can advantageously be made accessible to the user for a specific energy supply device.
- the output unit for example, in or on the connecting line and / or in a - be arranged ICCB in the connecting line, which is advantageous Output unit can be extended over a larger space and placement is more flexible.
- the supply cable advantageously has an adjustment device.
- the maximum value can be (flexibly) set via the setting device, in particular by a user.
- the setting device preferably has a rotary wheel or a slider or a touchscreen or a keypad for entering the maximum value. In this way, the user can specify the maximum value himself.
- the detection device is advantageously designed to preset the limit value as a maximum value, for example by an actuator actuating the rotary wheel or the slide.
- the limit value can also be set as a suggestion for entry via the keypad.
- the supply cable has a display on which the limit value is displayed as a suggestion in order to help the user when setting the maximum value via the setting device.
- the setting device advantageously enables the maximum value to be limited in a simple manner using simple means, which a user can set, for example, at his own request. This advantageously increases the safety and ease of use of the supply cable.
- the maximum value can advantageously be selected from a plurality of predefined values via the setting device.
- the predefined values are in particular fixed current values, such as 2 A, 4 A, 6 A, 8 A, 10 A and 13 A. If the setting device is designed with a rotary wheel or slider as described above, for example, this can The rotary wheel and/or the slider preferably have locking steps that correspond to the corresponding predefined values.
- individual switch fields can be displayed that correspond to the levels, and when using a keypad, for example, individual keys can be assigned fixed maximum values. This means that the maximum value can be set easily and intuitively. Alternatively or additionally, the maximum value can be set steplessly from a predefined interval using the setting device.
- the predefined interval is, for example, the interval between 1 A and 13 A.
- stepless means in particular that a smallest gradation, which occurs at a digital signal processing is unavoidable, is a maximum of 0.2 A or a maximum of 0.1 A.
- the supply cable advantageously has a memory.
- the memory is used to store different maximum values, in particular by the user. It can be designed to store different maximum values. Thus, for example, if the setting device does not have a rotary wheel or a slider as described above, predefined values can be stored which can be set particularly easily and intuitively as the maximum value for the limiting unit. Thus, in particular, different maximum values for different energy supply devices that are used more frequently can be stored and called up easily and with little effort in order to achieve rapid configuration of the supply cable. For example, if the current limit is 8A in a first garage and 12A in a second garage, the two maximum values can be stored in the memory and called up and/or set quickly and easily depending on the location of the charging process.
- the supply cable preferably has a communication module.
- the communication module is used in particular for communication with a user terminal. It is therefore provided that the maximum value can be adjusted or set via the user terminal.
- the communication module can be set up for wireless communication with the user terminal.
- the user terminal is in particular a device that is separate from the supply cable and can communicate with the supply cable wirelessly or temporarily with a wire, for example.
- the user terminal is a smartphone, for example.
- a user of the user terminal can thus advantageously configure the supply cable (eg via the communication module arranged in the primary and/or secondary connector and/or in the connecting line) or set the maximum value in a particularly simple manner and also from a greater distance.
- provision can be made, for example, for the communication module to be designed to transmit signals to the user terminal that contain a current currently flowing through the supply cable and/or a current that has flowed through the supply cable electrical power. In this way, in particular, statistics and/or billing functions for the charging process can be implemented easily and with little effort or called up for the user or an energy provider.
- the supply cable preferably has a release unit, which is designed to release the ability to set the maximum value via the setting device.
- the release unit can have a locking slide and/or a mechanical or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor.
- the release unit prevents, for example, an unintentional or undesired manipulation or adjustment of the maximum value. This could happen, for example, by accidentally moving a slider or a rotary wheel.
- a mechanical lock can, for example, prevent the mechanical adjustability of the setting device.
- An electronic lock can be used in particular to prevent the maximum value from being set or changed, although mechanical access to the setting device is still granted.
- the mechanical lock can be, for example, a locking mechanism for the rotary slide or the rotary wheel, as described above.
- the electronic lock is advantageously a software solution that prevents acceptance of newly set maximum values as long as this input is not released.
- the use of a fingerprint sensor makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to prevent the maximum value from being adjusted or set unless a person authorized to do so, who is uniquely authenticated by the fingerprint sensor, makes this setting. This advantageously increases the safety of using the supply cable or individual components thereof (e.g. primary/secondary connector, connecting line).
- the supply cable has a reset function, with a maximum possible maximum value being set or entered when the reset function is activated.
- the maximum possible maximum value can be, for example, a technically maximum possible maximum value, ie a maximum value that is specified by technical limitations. Provision can be made, for example, for the reset function to be activated by a user and/or activated when the supply cable is disconnected from the energy supply device, in particular activated automatically, for example by mechanical and/or electrical/electronic means. through the The reset function makes it possible for a maximum possible maximum value, for example a technically maximum possible maximum value, to be set or entered.
- the (eg technically) maximum possible maximum value can in particular be a value that corresponds to the current-carrying capacity of the supply cable.
- a user can use the reset function to reset lower maximum values set and thus allow a technically maximum possible current through the supply cable.
- a very quick adjustment or adjustment can advantageously be made, which increases user-friendliness.
- the connecting line or the supply line of the supply cable advantageously has a coupling.
- the clutch is configured to be releasably electrically connected to the secondary connector.
- different secondary connectors can be attached to the supply cable.
- the supply cable can thus be designed, for example, to also accommodate, in addition to the secondary connector described above, such secondary connectors that enable an electrical connection to other types of energy supply devices.
- the invention also relates to a secondary connector.
- the secondary connector can be used in particular as part of a supply cable for electrically connecting a vehicle, in particular an energy store of a vehicle, to an energy supply device that provides electrical energy.
- the secondary connector is used in particular for the electrical connection to a permanent current socket or household socket, in which case it can in principle also be set up, for example, for connection to a three-phase socket or a type 2 socket.
- the vehicle and the power supply device are different components.
- the secondary connector has a plug connector which is provided for detachable electrical connection to the energy supply device.
- the connector is a Schuko plug.
- the plug connector can also be designed for connection to a dedicated charging infrastructure, for example a wall box or charging station, and in particular can be a type 2 plug.
- the secondary connector preferably has a cable connection for detachable electrical connection with a coupling of the supply cable.
- the secondary connector can, for example, also have a limiting unit.
- the limiting unit serves to limit an electric current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to a maximum value.
- the limiting unit is thus provided in particular in order to specify a maximum value for the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to protect the energy supply device from overloading.
- the maximum value of the flowing current can be specified either actively by a dedicated circuit of the limitation unit or by transferring the maximum value to the vehicle and/or charging control of the supply cable and/or charging control of the energy supply device.
- the secondary connector may advantageously include an adjustment device, for example.
- the maximum value can be set, in particular by a user, via the setting device.
- the secondary connector thus allows the maximum value of the current flowing to be set and the current flowing to be limited to the maximum value.
- the maximum value is only limited if the specially designed secondary connector is used.
- various secondary connectors can be attached to supply cables.
- the (limitable) secondary connector can be designed for a domestic socket for which a (flexibly adjustable) current limitation is provided.
- a further secondary connector for connection to a dedicated charging infrastructure for example a type 2 connector, can be used on the supply cable, for example, in which a user, for example, does not have a flexible want to provide adjustable current limitation.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a supply cable according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention when it is used as intended
- Figure 2 is a schematic detail view of a secondary connector
- Figure 3a shows a current flow during a first operating mode of the
- Figure 3b shows a current flow during a second operating mode of the
- FIG. 4a shows a first schematic detailed view of the secondary connector of the supply cable according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention
- Figure 4b is a second schematic detailed view of the
- Figure 5 is a further schematic detailed view of the
- FIG 1 shows schematically a vehicle 12 with an energy store 11 and an energy supply device 16.
- the energy supply device 16 is here - purely as an example - designed as a household socket, for example as a Schuko socket. In principle, however, it can also be a type 2 socket of a wall box or a charging station or a three-phase connection, without being limited to one of these types.
- FIG. 1 shows the intended use of a supply cable 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the umbilical cable 10 has a connecting line 13 or an umbilical line 13 which is electrically coupled to a primary connector 14 at one end and to a secondary connector 15 at the other end.
- the electrical coupling between connecting line 13 or supply line 13 and primary connector 14 and secondary connector 15 can be permanently present, with an alternative embodiment being shown in FIG. It is provided here that the primary connector 14 and the secondary connector 15 are coupled to the connecting line 13 via a detachable connection in each case.
- the connecting line 13 has a coupling 6 and an additional coupling 5 , the coupling 6 being used for the electrical connection to the secondary connector 15 .
- the additional coupling 5 is used for the electrical connection to the primary connector 14.
- the secondary connector 15 has a cable connection 2 which is designed for the electrical connection to the coupling 6 of the connecting line 13.
- the primary connector 14 has an additional cable connection 9 which is designed for electrical connection to the additional coupling 5 of the connecting line 13 .
- the primary connector 14 also has a vehicle connection 14A, via which an electrical connection to the vehicle 12, in particular the energy store 11, can be established.
- the secondary connector 15 has a connector 1 for detachable electrical connection with the Energy supply device 16 is formed.
- the vehicle 12 in particular the energy store 11 , and the energy supply device 16 can thus be electrically connected to one another via the supply cable 10 .
- the secondary connector 15 allows or enables a current limiting function, for example to detect and/or avoid an overload of the energy supply device 16 .
- a detection device 4 and/or an adjustment device 7 are advantageously provided.
- the limitation unit 3, the detection device 4 and the adjustment device 7 are shown and described as part of the secondary connector 15.
- the limiting unit 3 and/or the detection device 4 and/or the adjustment device 7 can also be formed in other components of the supply cable 10, such as the connecting line 13 and/or the primary connector 14 and/or—if present—an ICCB .
- the detection device 4 is advantageously set up to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device 16 .
- detection device 4 is preferably set up to detect a break in the electrical current supplied. Details of the detection device 4 are described further below with reference to FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b.
- the setting device 7 allows a maximum value 100 to be set, which is taken into account by the limiting unit 3 .
- the details of the adjustment device 7 are shown in particular in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b and are described further below.
- the limiting unit 3 can thus receive a maximum value 100 from the detection device 4 and/or the setting device 7 , which corresponds to a maximum current which is intended to flow through the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 .
- the limitation unit 3 can do this Either make the specification yourself by actively influencing the flowing current or alternatively transfer the maximum value 100 obtained to a charging controller of the supply cable 10 and/or the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 .
- Such a transfer of the maximum value 100 allows the charging controller to take into account the specification of the maximum current during the charging process and in particular to set a maximum charging current to said maximum value 100.
- the limiting unit 3 is designed to influence the flowing current itself, then the limiting unit 3 limits the current independently and independently of the charging process, which is controlled or regulated, for example, by a separate control unit of the supply cable 10 .
- the maximum value 100 can only be transmitted to the charging controller, for example, via a communication line that is provided in supply cable 10 and that is designed for communication between vehicle 12 and a control unit of supply cable 10 and/or a charging controller of energy supply device 16.
- a transfer can also take place wirelessly.
- the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 have a coding which indicates a current-carrying capacity of the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 .
- This coding can be an electrical resistance, for example. If the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 recognizes said coding, then the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 knows on the one hand that a supply cable 10 is connected.
- the current-carrying capacity with which the supply cable 10 can be maximally loaded is known.
- the current flowing through the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 can thus be limited by adapting this coding by the limiting unit 3 .
- the maximum value is thus transmitted simply and reliably to vehicle 11 and/or energy supply device 16 and/or a control unit of supply cable 10.
- the detection device 4 makes it possible to determine a break in the current supplied by the energy supply device 16 .
- This is shown schematically in FIG. 3a using a diagram that shows the progression of the current I over time t.
- Figure 3a is also shown that the supply cable 10 is in a learning mode. In the learning mode, provision is made for the limiting unit 3 to gradually increase the current flowing through the supply cable 10 in accordance with a predefined rule up to the set maximum value 100.
- the predefined rule includes a predefined ramp 500 for gradually increasing the current flowing.
- a charging process of the vehicle 11 begins at a start time t1.
- FIG. 3b shows a corresponding diagram when the supply cable 10 is in a normal mode in which such a gradual increase does not take place. Rather, the current flowing here is released immediately up to the maximum value 100 at the starting time t1.
- Secondary connector 15 can particularly advantageously also have an acceleration sensor (not shown) and/or yaw rate sensor and/or a force sensor (which, for example, detects that the secondary connector and mating connector of energy supply device 16 are plugged together) and/or another sensor, which can be used to determine that a movement of the secondary connector 15 and thus a disconnection of the secondary connector 15 from the energy supply device 16 has not taken place and therefore there is no expected interruption of the current.
- the termination 400 is only recognized by the detection device 4 as an example when the electrical current supplied is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of less than 1 s, in particular in a time interval of less than 100 ms. Such a short-term and abrupt drop in the electrical current indicates said tripping of the protection of the energy supply device 16 or some other fault. If, on the other hand, the current drops because the end of charging time t2 has been reached, this drop, as shown in FIGS. this is planned, e.g. by the charging control logic of the vehicle 12 and/or charging control of the supply cable 10 and/or the energy supply device 16. This termination can therefore be identified by comparing the target current profile with a determined or recorded actual current profile from an unplanned termination be differentiated, for example by forming a difference.
- a limiting value 200 can be determined by the detection device 4 , which is based on the current value flowing before the termination 400 .
- the detection device 4 can be designed to determine the limiting value 200 as a function of the last current value detected before the termination 400 .
- the limit value 200 can be determined by the detection device 4 as a function of a plurality of current values before the termination 400, e.g. as a function of a mean value from a plurality of current values detected in a predefined time window before the termination 400.
- a mean value can, for example, be weighted in such a way that that such current values that are closer in time to the break 400 experience a greater weight than those current values that are at a greater time interval from the break 400 .
- a further alternative for determining the limiting value 200 by the detection device 4 is to apply filtering to a plurality of detected current values before the termination 400.
- the termination 400 can also be determined or to be determined. If the derivation (or its absolute value) exceeds a limit value, this can be taken as an indication of the termination.
- a safety deduction 300 is advantageously taken into account, which is in particular at least 5% of the determined limit value 200, preferably at least 10% or at least 0.5 A or 1.0 A. In this way, a limiting value 200 is determined, which is below the current level that, for example, triggers the protection of the
- This limiting value 200 can either be transferred or sent directly to the limiting unit 3 by the detection device 4 so that the limiting unit 3 uses this limiting value 200 as the new maximum value 100 .
- the limit value 200 can be output or sent as a suggestion for a maximum value of 100 to be entered, for example, be output to a user or on a display.
- the user of the supply cable 10 is thus given assistance in specifying the maximum value 100.
- the user does not have to estimate the maximum value 100, which may lead to underestimated values.
- a lower current than technically possible would be permitted, which would unnecessarily lengthen the charging process of the vehicle 11 .
- the detection of the termination 400 during the learning mode was described with reference to FIG. 3a.
- the current can be sampled, for example, by a current sensor that is not shown here. This can be located in the secondary connector, for example. It can be a Hall sensor, etc., for example. If, for example, a current value is determined or recorded every 50 ms in normal mode, provision is made in learning mode for a current value to be determined, for example, every 10 ms or every millisecond. Due to the finer sampling and due to the predefined ramp 500, it is thus possible to determine more precisely than in the normal mode at which current level the termination 400 actually took place.
- the detection device 4 is also designed to detect breaks 400 in the normal mode.
- the user is given assistance by the determined limit value 200, with this being possible more precisely in the learning mode than in the normal mode.
- the current rise is not delayed by means of the ramp 500, which leads to the vehicle 11 being charged more quickly.
- the learning mode can advantageously be used when charging is to be carried out on an unknown energy supply device 16 for the first time.
- the learning mode can also be used several times in succession with an updated maximum value 100 in order to approach the tripping characteristic of the protection of the energy supply device 16 .
- This location sensor 18 can be provided in the detection device 4, as is only shown here as an example. However, it can also be formed separately.
- the location sensor 18 is used to determine a current location of the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15.
- the location sensor 18 can be used to establish and/or store a link between the determined limiting value 200 and a location at which the limiting value 200 was determined, e.g. in a memory 19 of the secondary connector 15 or generally in a component of the supply cable 10.
- the location at which the limit value 200 was determined corresponds to the location of the energy supply device 16.
- the energy supply device 16 can thus be characterized via the location, so that the stored location can be recognized when this energy supply device 16 is used again.
- the supply cable 10, and here e.g. the secondary connector 15 and/or the primary connector 14 and/or the supply line 13, can be designed for this purpose (e.g. by providing not only the location sensor 18 but also the memory 19 in the supply cable 10, e.g.
- the supply cable 10 e.g. the detection device 4 and/or the secondary connector 15 or the like, can be designed to output the linked limit value 200 as a suggestion for a setting as a maximum value of 100.
- the detection device 4 can be set up or designed in such a way that the linking just shown is carried out or carried out in it.
- Location sensor 18 and memory 19 can then be arranged or provided in the detection device 4, for example, with location sensor 18 and memory 19 also being able to be provided at different locations or on or in different components in the secondary connector 15. The user of the supply cable 10 can thus fall back on determinations of the limit value 200 that have already been carried out.
- the risk of triggering the protection of the energy supply device 16 is advantageously minimized when the energy supply device 16 is used repeatedly.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b Two possible exemplary embodiments for the secondary connector 15 are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the setting device 7 is designed as a control knob or rotary wheel.
- a continuous setting of the maximum value 100 can be effected, i.e. a stepless setting.
- continuous is to be understood in particular as meaning that a gradation that is unavoidable in digital signal processing is a maximum of 0.2 A.
- different latching stages or latching positions are provided, so that only a fixedly defined plurality of maximum values 100 can be set, eg separated from one another by latching stages.
- 1 A, 2 A, 4 A, 6 A, 8 A, 10 A and 13 A can be permanently specified as maximum value levels.
- the user can thus select the maximum value from predefined values easily and with little effort.
- the maximum value is set quickly and intuitively.
- the maximum value 100 for the limitation unit 3 can be set by the setting device 7 , in particular independently of the detection device 4 .
- the setting device 7 is configured as a slider, for example.
- a continuous setting of the maximum value 100 is also possible here, as is a graduated setting to fixed maximum values 100.
- the secondary connector 15 also has a release unit 20, which is designed to release the adjustability of the maximum value 100 via the setting device 7.
- the release unit 20 can be, for example, a locking slide and/or a mechanical or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor. This prevents the maximum value from being adjusted unintentionally. Before setting the maximum value 100, the release must therefore be carried out via the release unit 20. If a locking slide is used, this is in particular only protection against unintentional adjustment, for example by unintentional touching, of the setting device. If, on the other hand, a mechanical and/or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor is used, protection against unauthorized manipulation is also made possible.
- the release by the release unit 20 can be indicated in particular optically and/or acoustically. It is also advantageously possible that the limitation unit 3 during the release no current is allowed to flow through the secondary connector 15 and/or the supply cable 10 to set the maximum value 100.
- the release by the release unit 20 can take place either mechanically, so that the setting device 7 is mechanically blocked without release. Alternatively or additionally, the release can also take place electronically, so that new maximum values 100 are only accepted if this has been released by the release unit 20, although the setting device 7 can still be operated.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a further embodiment of the secondary connector 15. This has a touchscreen as the setting device 7, with a keypad also being able to be used as the setting device 7.
- a memory 19 (cf. FIG. 2) is provided, which is used to store different maximum values 100.
- This is particularly advantageous when the setting device 7 does not have a slider and/or a rotary wheel as described above.
- the values stored in the memory 19 can be selected in particular via the touchscreen or the keypad as the setting device 7 and set as a maximum value of 100.
- the secondary connector 15 advantageously has an output unit 17, which can also be present in the configurations shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the output unit 17 is used to output a signal when the detection device 4 has detected said termination 400 .
- the output unit 17 advantageously serves to output a signal that the maximum value 100 set by the limiting unit 3 is lower than a maximum possible current-carrying capacity of the secondary connector 15 and/or the supply cable 10.
- the signal can be output directly acoustically and/or optically, for example .
- a user terminal can also be coupled to the secondary connector 15, via which said signals can be output to the user.
- a communication module 8 for wireless and/or wired communication with a user terminal is particularly advantageous.
- the maximum current 100 can be set via the user terminal.
- the communication module 8 can advantageously also be used, as described above, to output signals via the user terminal.
- the secondary connector 15 is advantageously designed to indicate, for example via the output unit 17 and/or the communication module 8 and/or via a display (see Fig. 5), which can be part of a touchscreen or can be designed separately, by which factor the Charging time that extends the limitation of current flow.
- the secondary connector 15 is designed to indicate how long it will probably take to charge a certain amount of energy, for example 10 kWh, given the selected limit (see FIG. 5: 5 hours and 14 minutes are given here by way of example). In this way, a user can adjust the maximum current specifically to the available charging time (e.g. from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.).
- the maximum value of 100 can be set directly to a (technically) maximum possible maximum value of 100 with a single operation, without having to make any further settings.
- This (technically) maximum possible maximum value can be e.g. 13 A with a Schuko secondary connector 15.
- the secondary connector 15 is preferably designed as an element that can be detached or decoupled from the connecting line 13, in the manner of an adapter. Provision can nevertheless be made for the secondary connector to be connected to the connecting line 13 and/or the supply cable 10 in a fixed manner, i.e. not detachable without destroying it.
Abstract
Description
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CN202280057788.2A CN117836169A (zh) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-13 | 用于车辆的电力供应线缆 |
EP22732556.0A EP4359248A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-13 | Elektrisches versorgungskabel für ein fahrzeug |
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DE102021206601.1A DE102021206601B4 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Elektrisches Versorgungskabel für ein Fahrzeug |
DE102021206601.1 | 2021-06-25 |
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EP (1) | EP4359248A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117836169A (de) |
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DE102022209623A1 (de) | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-14 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Versorgungskabel mit Gestensteuerung |
Citations (6)
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DE102008048657A1 (de) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | Tim Baack | Adapter und Verfahren für den Anschluss eines elektrischen Verbrauchers an ein Ladenetzwerk |
DE102010014417A1 (de) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Rolf Morich | Intelligentes Ladekabel für Elektrofahrzeuge |
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DE102021203362A1 (de) | 2020-07-27 | 2022-01-27 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Ladekabel |
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DE102012021502A1 (de) | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen einer Mobileinheit und einer elektrischen Energiequelle |
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DE102017101693A1 (de) | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verbindungsmodul zur Verbindung einer Ladeeinrichtung mit einem elektrischen Fahrzeug, Fahrzeug mit dem Verbindungsmodul sowie Verfahren zum Laden des Fahrzeugs unter Verwendung des Verbindungsmoduls |
US10348038B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-07-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Soft lock to secure an EVSE-to-EV charging connector |
DE102017125108A1 (de) | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Phoenix Contact E-Mobility Gmbh | Ladestecker |
DE102017222968A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Ladekabel für einen Ladevorgang zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102019200870A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | Audi Ag | Ladekabel |
DE102019121108B3 (de) | 2019-08-05 | 2020-09-24 | Juice Technology AG | Mobile Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug |
-
2021
- 2021-06-25 DE DE102021206601.1A patent/DE102021206601B4/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-06-13 WO PCT/EP2022/065950 patent/WO2022268548A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-13 CN CN202280057788.2A patent/CN117836169A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-13 EP EP22732556.0A patent/EP4359248A1/de active Pending
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DE102008048657A1 (de) * | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | Tim Baack | Adapter und Verfahren für den Anschluss eines elektrischen Verbrauchers an ein Ladenetzwerk |
DE102010014417A1 (de) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-13 | Rolf Morich | Intelligentes Ladekabel für Elektrofahrzeuge |
DE102010045160A1 (de) * | 2010-09-11 | 2012-03-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Steuereinrichtung für ein Ladekabel und Verfahren zum Laden einer Traktionsbatterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
WO2012099978A2 (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-26 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Electric vehicle docking connector with embedded evse controller |
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DE102021203362A1 (de) | 2020-07-27 | 2022-01-27 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Ladekabel |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN117836169A (zh) | 2024-04-05 |
EP4359248A1 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
DE102021206601B4 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
DE102021206601A1 (de) | 2022-12-29 |
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