WO2022268547A1 - Verbinder eines elektrischen versorgungskabels für ein fahrzeug - Google Patents
Verbinder eines elektrischen versorgungskabels für ein fahrzeug Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022268547A1 WO2022268547A1 PCT/EP2022/065946 EP2022065946W WO2022268547A1 WO 2022268547 A1 WO2022268547 A1 WO 2022268547A1 EP 2022065946 W EP2022065946 W EP 2022065946W WO 2022268547 A1 WO2022268547 A1 WO 2022268547A1
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- Prior art keywords
- maximum value
- secondary connector
- current
- connector
- supply cable
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003954 umbilical cord Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a connector of a supply cable for electrically connecting a vehicle, in particular an energy store of a vehicle, the connection being able to be established in particular with an energy supply device.
- the connector serves to electrically couple the supply cable to the energy supply device.
- Such a connector may be referred to as a secondary connector, while the primary connector is the connector that connects the umbilical to the vehicle.
- the primary and secondary connectors can also be referred to as charging plugs.
- the invention also relates to a supply cable having such a connector.
- the supply cable can be a charging cable, for example, which is designed to transmit power of at least 0.5 kW, preferably at least 2 kW, of electrical power.
- a first charging situation the vehicle can be charged via a dedicated charging infrastructure, which in particular involves permanently installed charging stations.
- charging stations are implemented as charging stations or wall boxes.
- a permanent current socket is provided, as is used for example in normal households for the energy supply.
- this is a 220V Schuko socket or a socket designed according to other regional standards or customs, in which case a three-phase connection can also be provided.
- a connecting line of the charging cable usually has an integrated controller, which is also called an in-cable control box, ICCB, and which is arranged between the two connectors inside the connecting line.
- This integrated controller is used for communication with the vehicle and for enabling and setting a charging current, since a shockproof socket, unlike a charging station or a wall box, does not usually have a communication line that the vehicle can use to communicate with the energy supply device.
- a charging current is usually limited to a maximum value that is below a maximum value with which the household socket is usually protected.
- a fuse of 16A which is common in Germany, for example, the integrated control of the charging cable is usually set in such a way that a maximum current consumption of 13A is possible.
- the secondary connector according to the invention allows a connection between a supply cable and a power supply device.
- the secondary connector enables an adjustable and therefore flexible current limitation.
- the energy supply device can be protected from overloading, and on the other hand, the current limiting function for the supply cable is only available if this is desired, ie if the secondary connector is also available.
- the secondary connector according to the invention can be designed for a household socket, for which a current limiting function is provided.
- another secondary connector can be used on the supply cable, for example by recoupling the secondary connector, for connection to a (different) charging infrastructure assigned to it, for example a type 2 plug, on which no current limitation can be set.
- the invention is not limited to secondary connectors for household sockets and in particular also includes other secondary connectors, such as Type 2 plugs, with a current limiting function.
- the secondary connector can be used in particular as part of a supply cable for electrically connecting a vehicle, in particular an energy store of a vehicle, to an energy supply device that provides electrical energy.
- the secondary connector is used in particular for the electrical connection to a permanent current socket or household socket or a conventional permanent three-phase socket.
- the vehicle and the energy supply device are different units or components.
- the secondary connector has a plug connector which is provided for detachable electrical connection to the energy supply device.
- the connector is a Schuko plug.
- the plug connector can also be designed for connection to a dedicated or assigned charging infrastructure, for example a wall box or charging station. It can be a type 2 plug, for example.
- the secondary connector has a cable connection for detachable electrical connection with a coupling of the supply cable.
- the secondary connector further includes a limiting unit.
- the limiting unit serves to limit an electric current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to a maximum value. It is designed or set up to limit.
- the limiting unit is thus provided in particular in order to specify a maximum value for the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to protect the energy supply device from overloading.
- the limiting of the current flowing to the maximum value can be done either actively, for example, by a dedicated circuit Limiting unit that does not allow the flowing current to rise above a maximum value.
- the current flowing can be limited to the maximum value alternatively or additionally (indirectly or passively) by transferring the maximum value to the vehicle and/or charging control of the supply cable and/or to charging control logic of the energy supply device, so that no current is requested or supplied by the vehicle .is supplied by the energy supply device which exceeds the maximum value.
- the secondary connector advantageously has an adjustment device.
- the maximum value can be set, in particular by a user, via the setting device.
- the secondary connector thus allows the (flexible) setting of the maximum value of the current flowing and a limitation of the current flowing to the maximum value.
- the setting device in particular in the secondary connector
- the setting of the maximum value is thus linked directly to the process of electrically connecting the secondary connector and the energy supply device. This reduces the risk of forgetting to set the maximum value.
- it ensures that the limitation to the maximum value only occurs when the secondary connector is used.
- various secondary connectors can be attached to supply cables.
- the adjuster and limiter will not be present if the secondary connector is replaced on a service cable with another secondary connector (without such an adjuster and limiter) as described above. This avoids inadvertently maintaining a current limit, e.g. a very low one, for other charging situations.
- the flexible setting of the maximum value has the advantageous effect that, for example, a fuse is prevented from being triggered or the current branch to which the secondary connector is connected is not overloaded. This can be the case, for example, when a household socket or a single Secured power branch, e.g. in a garage, several vehicles are to be charged at the same time. If, for example, each supply cable is set to a maximum value of 13A and the current branch is designed or fused for a maximum of 16A, the fuse can trip when charging at the same time. This affects the charging comfort for the user. Situations are also conceivable in which, although only one vehicle is being charged, other electrical consumers are also being operated, at least temporarily, parallel to the charging process on the current branch secured with, for example, 16A.
- This can be, for example, household appliances such as a refrigerator or tools such as a drill or garden equipment such as hedge trimmers or a lawnmower.
- the user of the charging cable can flexibly limit the maximum value of the charging current using the setting device, knowing the on-site situation.
- This flexible setting option is particularly advantageous if the secondary connector remains at the selected location and the connecting line of the supply cable is connected to another secondary connector with another flexibly set maximum value at another location.
- the maximum value of the flowing current can be set in a particularly user-friendly manner depending on the local conditions (capacity of the current branch) and/or time-related circumstances (parallel operation of several consumers) and a sudden termination of the charging process due to the tripping of the fuse or a Avoid overloading the current branch.
- the setting device preferably has a rotary wheel or a slider or a touch screen or a keypad for entering the maximum value. In this way, the user can specify the maximum value himself.
- the configuration as a rotary wheel or as a slide advantageously allows the adjustment device to be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner. It is haptically good for a user and can be operated intuitively.
- the design as a touchscreen advantageously allows use for various adjustment processes and can be designed to be watertight in a particularly simple manner, which is particularly advantageous for charging processes in damp environments.
- the configuration as a keypad advantageously allows the maximum value to be set particularly intuitively and precisely.
- the supply cable has a display on which the limit value is displayed as a suggestion in order to help the user when setting the maximum value via the setting device.
- the maximum value can advantageously be selected from a plurality of predefined values via the setting device.
- the predefined values are in particular fixed current values, such as 2 A, 4 A, 6 A, 8 A, 10 A and 13 A. If the setting device is designed with a rotary wheel or slider as described above, for example, this can The rotary wheel and/or the slider preferably have locking steps that correspond to the corresponding predefined values.
- individual switch fields can be displayed that correspond to the levels, and when using a keypad, for example, individual keys can be assigned fixed maximum values. This means that the maximum value can be set easily and intuitively. Alternatively or additionally, the maximum value can be set steplessly from a predefined interval using the setting device.
- the predefined interval is, for example, the interval between 1 A and 13 A.
- stepless means in particular that the smallest gradation, which is unavoidable in digital signal processing, is a maximum of 0.2 A or a maximum of 0.1 A .
- the secondary connector advantageously includes a memory.
- the memory is used to store different maximum values, in particular by the user. It can be designed to store different maximum values. Thus, for example, if the setting device does not have a rotary wheel or a slide as described above, predefined values can be stored which can be set particularly easily and intuitively as the maximum value for the limiting unit. In this way, in particular, different maximum values for different energy supply devices that are used more frequently can be stored and called up easily and with little effort in order to achieve rapid configuration of the secondary connector. For example, as described above, in a first garage there is a sensible limitation of the current 8A and in a second garage at 12A, the two maximum values can be stored in the memory and called up and/or set quickly and easily depending on the location of the charging process.
- the secondary connector preferably includes a communication module.
- the communication module is used in particular for communication with a user terminal. It is therefore provided that the maximum value can be adjusted or set via the user terminal. For example, the communication module can be set up for wireless communication with the user terminal.
- the user terminal is a smartphone, for example.
- a user of the user terminal can thus advantageously configure the secondary connector or set the maximum value in a particularly simple manner and also from a greater distance.
- the communication module is designed to transmit signals to the user terminal that contain a current currently flowing through the secondary connector and/or electrical energy that has flowed through the secondary connector. In this way, in particular, statistics and/or billing functions for the charging process can be implemented easily and with little effort or called up for the user or an energy provider.
- the secondary connector preferably has a release unit, which is designed to release the adjustability of the maximum value via the setting device.
- the release unit can have a locking slide and/or a mechanical or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor, for example.
- the release unit prevents, for example, an unintentional or undesired manipulation or adjustment of the maximum value. This could happen, for example, by accidentally moving a slider or a rotary wheel.
- a mechanical lock can, for example, prevent the mechanical adjustability of the setting device.
- An electronic lock can be used in particular to prevent the maximum value from being set or changed, although mechanical access to the setting device is still granted.
- the mechanical lock can, for example, be a locking mechanism for the rotary slide or the rotary wheel, as described above.
- the electronic lock is advantageously a software solution that prevents acceptance of newly set maximum values as long as this input is not released.
- the use of a fingerprint sensor makes it possible in a particularly advantageous manner to prevent the maximum value from being adjusted or set unless a person authorized to do so, who is uniquely authenticated by the fingerprint sensor, makes this setting. This advantageously increases the security of use of the secondary connector.
- the secondary connector has a reset function, with a maximum possible maximum value being set or entered when the reset function is activated.
- the maximum possible maximum value can, for example, be a technically maximum possible maximum value, i.e. a maximum value that is specified by technical limitations.
- the reset function can be activated by a user and/or is activated when the supply cable is disconnected from the energy supply device, in particular is activated automatically, e.g. by mechanical and/or electrical/electronic means.
- the reset function enables a maximum possible maximum value, e.g. a technically maximum possible maximum value, to be set or entered. As described above, the (e.g.
- maximum possible maximum value can in particular be a value that corresponds to the current-carrying capacity of the secondary connector and/or the supply cable.
- a user can use the reset function to reset lower maximum values set and thus allow a physically maximum possible current through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable.
- a very quick adjustment or adjustment can advantageously be made, which increases user-friendliness.
- the limiting unit is advantageously designed to output or send the maximum value to the vehicle and/or to a charging control logic of the supply cable or the energy supply device.
- the limitation unit is designed to inform the vehicle that the maximum value that can be requested as the charging current is the maximum value that is output or sent or transferred.
- the current flowing through the supply cable can be easily and reliably controlled by the limiting unit limit.
- the limiting unit only communicates the maximum value to the vehicle and/or the charging control logic, as a result of which the vehicle and the charging control logic start a charging process in which the maximum value is not exceeded.
- the maximum value can be transferred to the vehicle and/or the charge control logic, for example, via a communication line that is provided for communication between the vehicle and the charge control logic.
- the maximum value can be transferred in such a way that the supply cable has a variable current-carrying capacity code that can be read out by the vehicle and/or the charging control logic. This ampacity coding can be used in particular to limit the charging current that flows through the supply cable. Alternatively or additionally, the maximum value can also be transmitted or output or sent wirelessly.
- the limiting unit can be made particularly compact, since an electrical or electronic (active) current limitation or a circuit set up for this purpose does not necessarily have to be provided.
- the secondary connector can be built in a simpler, more cost-effective and space-saving manner or more compact and lighter in weight.
- the secondary connector preferably has a detection device that is set up to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device.
- the detection device is designed in particular to detect a break in the electrical current supplied. If such a termination is detected, in particular unexpectedly and/or abruptly, that is to say not at the end of a charging process, then this can usually be attributed to the triggering of a fuse in the energy supply device.
- the secondary connector can thus be used to identify when the current that previously flowed was too high and caused the energy supply device to be overloaded.
- the detection device is advantageously designed to detect the termination when the electrical current supplied is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of, for example, less than 1 s.
- the termination is advantageously detected by the detection device when the electrical current supplied is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of less than 100 ms.
- Such an abrupt drop in electric current causes on Triggering the fuse of the power supply device to close.
- the current flowing through the supply cable can also drop when a charging process is terminated, for example by the vehicle. In this case, however, there is no correspondingly abrupt drop in the electrical current, so that the termination can be reliably detected using the criteria described above.
- a signal can be transmitted to the secondary connector from the vehicle or an ICCB or a charge control logic of the energy supply device that the current is being reduced or broken off.
- the detection device can advantageously be used to reliably identify that an overload has occurred and this can be used for a subsequent charging process or for informing the user.
- the detection device is advantageously designed to set the limiting value as a maximum value or to suggest it to a user as an input for the maximum value.
- the secondary connector advantageously has an output unit.
- the output unit is set up in particular to output a signal, in particular an acoustic or visual warning, when the detection device detects the termination.
- the user can advantageously recognize that the set maximum value was possibly too high and can react to this by reducing the maximum value in order to prevent the charging process from being repeatedly aborted and/or a permanent overload of the current branch.
- the output unit is designed to output a signal that the maximum value set by the limiting unit is lower than a maximum possible maximum value.
- the maximum possible maximum value is in particular a technically conditioned maximum possible current, which can flow through the secondary connector and/or the umbilical without damaging it or otherwise violating the specifications of the secondary connector and/or umbilical.
- the user can advantageously recognize that a loading process can take longer than would be possible in the best case using the maximum possible maximum value.
- it can advantageously be prevented that the user, after charging at a location with only a low maximum value, inadvertently maintains this low maximum value, although a significantly higher current draw would be possible at the next charging location.
- the signal that is output by the output unit can in particular also be transmitted to a user terminal, such as a smartphone in particular, in order to indicate appropriate warnings and/or information to the user of the supply cable on the user terminal.
- a user terminal such as a smartphone in particular
- the detection device is designed in particular to additionally take into account a safety discount for the (new) maximum value or limit value.
- the safety deduction is in particular at least 5% of the determined limit value (i.e. the current that flowed before the termination), preferably at least 10% (e.g. if 10 A is determined as the termination current value, then the new limiting value with a 5% safety reduction is 9.5 A, with 10 % safety discount 9.0 A).
- said safety deduction is advantageously at least 0.5 A, particularly advantageously at least 1.0 A, eg exactly 0.5 A or exactly 1 A.
- the detection device is designed to determine the limit value as a function of the last value before the termination to determine the detected current value.
- the detection unit is designed to determine the limiting value as a function of the mean value from a number of detected current values in a predefined time window before the termination (eg within the last 100 ms before the termination).
- the detection device is designed to determine the limiting value by the applying filtering to a plurality of detected current values prior to termination.
- the limiting value can also be determined by forming a time derivative of the current and by assuming the case of termination when a limit value of the derivative is exceeded. One or more of the current values before the limit value can then be used to determine the (new) maximum value or the limit value.
- the termination can be determined by the following steps: (a) reading in or determining a setpoint value for the current, (b) reading in or determining an actual value for the current, (c) comparing setpoint value and actual value, e.g. by forming a difference or the like, (d) deciding whether there is a termination depending on the comparison, e.g. if a difference between the target value and the actual value exceeds a threshold value.
- the detection device determines the termination as an event during which the flowing current drops.
- Those measured values of the flowing current which were determined before said current drop are, in particular, values which can be assumed as limiting values, advantageously with said safety discount.
- the last current value detected before the termination is therefore in particular a current value from which a drop in the current was determined. If the detection device establishes, for example, that a current current value is significantly lower than a previously determined current value, then there is a termination and the previously determined current value is the last current value detected before the termination.
- a mean value from several detected current values before the termination is used to determine the limiting value, then it can be a weighted or unweighted mean value. In particular, those measured current values that are closer to the break in time can be weighted more heavily than those measured current values that are at a greater distance from the break in time.
- the predefined time window before the termination is in particular designed in such a way that it has a maximum period of 2 s. Alternatively, the time window has a maximum duration of 1 s. It is also advantageously provided that the time window lasts a maximum of 500 ms, in particular 200 ms. If the current value is determined with a sampling time of 50 ms, then in particular at least 4 current values are taken into account for determining the mean value, alternatively 10 measured values or 20 measured values or 40 measured values.
- the safety discount described above makes it possible for the limit value to be below the triggering threshold of the fuse, even taking into account triggering tolerances of a fuse for the energy supply device.
- Using the limiting value determined in this way minimizes the risk of the fuse of the energy supply device tripping again, since the current flowing through the supply cable remains below a value that previously did not trigger said fuse of the energy supply device.
- the limiting value determined by the detection device is therefore such a value of the current that remains below a current that triggers the termination, since the limiting value is based on a current supplied before the termination.
- This limit value can either be passed directly to the limit unit so that it accepts the limit value as the maximum value.
- said limit value can also be output or sent or transmitted, for example to a user or to a display or to a user terminal, whereby the limit value serves as a suggestion for input or setting as a maximum value, for example by a user .
- the maximum value set in this way thus makes it possible to reduce the risk of further triggering of the fuse of the energy supply device, since the maximum current flowing through the supply cable is limited to a value at which the fuse did not previously trigger. On the other hand, this allows the greatest possible current to flow through the supply cable, since the maximum value is determined based on the limit value and therefore does not have to be estimated by a user, possibly incorrectly.
- the safety of the current branch can advantageously be maintained at the same time and the charging time can be minimized
- the invention relates to a supply cable.
- the supply cable for electrically connecting an energy store of a vehicle to an energy supply device that provides electrical energy has a Connecting line or supply line and a primary connector which is electrically coupled or can be coupled to the connecting line.
- the primary connector has a vehicle connection, which is designed for a detachable electrical connection to the vehicle, in particular to the energy store of the vehicle.
- the primary connector is, for example, a type 2 connector or another type of connector designed for connection to the vehicle.
- the supply cable has a secondary connector which is or can be electrically coupled to the connecting line and which is provided for the detachable electrical connection to the energy supply device.
- the secondary connector is in particular detachably connected to the connecting line or supply line, but can alternatively also be connected to the connecting line or supply line in a non-detachable or non-destructively detachable manner.
- the secondary connector preferably has a limiting unit.
- the limiting unit serves to limit an electric current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to a maximum value or is designed for this purpose.
- the limiting unit is thus provided in particular in order to specify a maximum value for the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or through the supply cable to protect the energy supply device from overloading.
- the maximum value of the flowing current can be specified either actively, e.g.
- the secondary connector advantageously has an adjustment device.
- the maximum value can be set, in particular by a user, via the setting device.
- the secondary connector thus allows in particular the setting of the maximum value of the current flowing and a limitation of the current flowing to the maximum value.
- the limitation to the maximum value only occurs when the secondary connector is used with this limiter unit and the adjustment unit.
- various secondary connectors can be attached to supply cables. If the adjustment device and the limiting unit are attached to the secondary connector, they may not be present, for example, if the secondary connector is replaced by another secondary connector on a supply cable as described above. This avoids inadvertently maintaining a (low) current limit for other charging situations.
- the connecting line or the supply line of the supply cable advantageously has a coupling.
- the clutch is configured to be releasably electrically connected to the secondary connector.
- different secondary connectors can be attached to the supply cable.
- the supply cable can thus be designed, for example, to also accommodate, in addition to the secondary connector described above, such secondary connectors that enable an electrical connection to other types of energy supply devices.
- the secondary connector and/or the supply cable can be switched between a learning mode and a normal mode.
- the limitation unit is designed, in the learning mode, to gradually increase the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or the supply cable according to a predefined rule up to the set maximum value.
- the limiting unit is designed to limit the current flowing through the secondary connector and/or the supply cable to the maximum value.
- a difference between the learning mode and the normal mode is such that the limiting unit in the learning mode does not immediately allow a current up to the maximum value but delays an increase in the current. In this way, a possible interruption in the current before the set maximum value is reached can be reliably detected.
- the detection device is designed to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device in the learning mode at a higher monitoring rate than in the normal mode. This makes possible in addition, an improved and more precise determination of the interruption of the current, in order to be able to determine the limit value more precisely. If, for example, provision is made for a current value to be determined or read from a sensor every 50 ms in normal mode, provision is made, for example, for learning mode for a measured value to be determined or read from said current sensor every 10 ms or every millisecond. The limit value can thus be determined safely and reliably by the learning mode. In the learning mode, if the current is interrupted while the current is rising up to the maximum value, the probability of another interruption when the supply cable is used again is at the highest level
- the learning mode is advantageous in particular when the supply cable is used for the first time on an unknown energy supply device, in order to test protection of the energy supply device.
- the learning mode can be used several times in succession in a particularly advantageous manner if an abort was detected in the learning mode.
- the previously determined limiting value can be used as the maximum value for a new run through the learning mode.
- the maximum value for the next learning process can be set to 10 A or to 10 A minus a safety margin, e.g. to 9 A or 9.5 A accurately and reliably determine a triggering threshold for securing the energy supply device.
- the predefined rule is advantageously a predefined ramp for increasing the current.
- the predefined ramp starts from a predefined starting value, which can be, for example, 0 A or 1 A or 2 A. Starting from this predefined start value, the ramp allows the current to increase by means of a predefined gradient, for example 1 A/s or 0.5 A/s or 0.1 A/s.
- the predefined ramp can also be multi-stage and can include different gradients, for example a first area with a first gradient and a second area with a second gradient, the second gradient enabling a smoother rise in current (e.g.: first gradient: 1 A/s to 2 A or to 4 A below the maximum value, second gradient: 0.1 A /s up to the maximum value).
- the predefined ramp can in particular also be designed in such a way that it starts from a predefined starting point that is selected as a function of the maximum value.
- said ramp may cover a range of 80% below maximum to maximum or 50% below maximum to maximum.
- the ramp means that the current cannot rise abruptly, which would make detection of the limiting value more difficult. Rather, by using the ramp, the limiting value can be determined simply and reliably, and in particular also precisely.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a supply cable according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention when it is used as intended
- Figure 2 is a schematic detail view of a secondary connector
- Figure 3a shows a current flow during a first operating mode of the
- FIG. 3b shows a current flow during a second operating mode of the supply cable according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4a shows a first schematic detailed view of the secondary connector of the supply cable according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4b shows a second schematic detailed view of the secondary connector of the supply cable according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic detailed view of the secondary connector of the supply cable according to the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a vehicle 12 with an energy store 11 and an energy supply device 16.
- the energy supply device 16 is here - purely as an example - designed as a household socket, for example as a Schuko socket. In principle, however, it can also be a type 2 socket of a wall box or a charging station or a three-phase connection, without being limited to one of these types.
- FIG. 1 shows the intended use of a supply cable 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the umbilical cable 10 has a connecting line 13 which is electrically coupled to a primary connector 14 at one end and to a secondary connector 15 at another end.
- the electrical coupling between connecting line 13 or supply line 13 and primary connector 14 and secondary connector 15 can be permanently present, with an alternative embodiment being shown in FIG. It is provided here that the primary connector 14 and the secondary connector 15 are coupled to the connecting line 13 via a detachable connection in each case.
- the connecting line 13 has a clutch 6 and an additional clutch 5, the clutch 6 being used for the electrical connection to the secondary connector 15 is used.
- the additional coupling 5 is used for the electrical connection to the primary connector 14.
- the secondary connector 15 has a cable connection 2 which is designed for the electrical connection to the coupling 6 of the connecting line 13.
- the primary connector 14 has an additional cable connection 9 which is designed for electrical connection to the additional coupling 5 of the connecting line 13 .
- additional cable connection 9 which is designed for electrical connection to the additional coupling 5 of the connecting line 13 .
- only the primary connector 14 or only the secondary connector 15 is detachably coupled to the connecting line 13 and the respective other connector is firmly coupled or connected to the connecting line.
- the primary connector 14 also has a vehicle connection 14A, via which an electrical connection to the vehicle 12, in particular the energy store 11, can be established.
- the secondary connector 15 has a plug connector 1 which is designed for a detachable electrical connection to the energy supply device 16 .
- the vehicle 12 , in particular the energy store 11 , and the energy supply device 16 can thus be electrically connected to one another via the supply cable 10 .
- the secondary connector 15 allows or enables a current limiting function, for example to detect and/or avoid an overload of the energy supply device 16 .
- a detection device 4 and/or an adjustment device 7 are advantageously provided.
- the detection device 4 is advantageously set up to monitor the electrical current supplied by the energy supply device 16 .
- the detection device 4 is preferably set up to detect a break in the electrical current supplied. Details of the detection device 4 are described further below with reference to FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b.
- the setting device 7 allows a maximum value 100 to be set, which is taken into account by the limiting unit 3 .
- the details of the adjustment device 7 are shown in particular in FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b and are described further below.
- the limiting unit 3 can thus receive a maximum value 100 from the detection device 4 and/or the setting device 7 , which corresponds to a maximum current which is intended to flow through the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 .
- the limitation unit 3 can either make this specification itself by actively influencing the flowing current or alternatively transfer the maximum value 100 obtained to a charging controller of the supply cable 10 and/or the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 .
- Such a transfer of the maximum value 100 allows the charging controller to take into account the specification of the maximum current during the charging process and in particular to set a maximum charging current to said maximum value 100. If, on the other hand, the limiting unit 3 is designed to influence the flowing current itself, then the limiting unit 3 limits the current independently and independently of the charging process, which is controlled or regulated, for example, by a separate control unit of the supply cable 10 .
- the maximum value 100 can only be transferred to the charging controller, for example, via a communication line that is provided in supply cable 10 and that is designed for communication between vehicle 12 and a control unit of supply cable 10 and/or a charging controller of energy supply device 16. Alternatively, a transfer can also take place wirelessly. Alternatively, it is advantageously provided that the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 have a coding which indicates a current-carrying capacity of the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 . This coding can be an electrical resistance, for example. If the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 recognizes said coding, then the vehicle 12 and/or the energy supply device 16 knows on the one hand that a supply cable 10 is connected.
- the current-carrying capacity with which the supply cable 10 can be maximally loaded is known.
- the current flowing through the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15 can thus be limited by adapting this coding by the limiting unit 3 .
- the maximum value is thus transmitted simply and reliably to vehicle 11 and/or energy supply device 16 and/or a control unit of supply cable 10.
- the detection device 4 makes it possible to determine a break in the current supplied by the energy supply device 16 . This is shown schematically in FIG. 3a using a diagram that shows the progression of the current I over time t.
- FIG. 3a also shows that the supply cable 10 is in a learning mode.
- the limiting unit 3 In the learning mode, provision is made for the limiting unit 3 to gradually increase the current flowing through the supply cable 10 in accordance with a predefined rule up to the set maximum value 100.
- the predefined rule includes a predefined ramp 500 for gradually increasing the current flowing.
- a charging process of the vehicle 11 begins at a start time t1.
- the current requested by the vehicle 11 is not released immediately up to the maximum value 100, but according to the predefined ramp 500 with a predefined gradient, for example 1 A/s.
- FIG. 3b shows a corresponding diagram when the supply cable 10 is in a normal mode in which such a gradual increase does not take place. Rather, the current flowing here is released immediately up to the maximum value 100 at the starting time t1.
- Secondary connector 15 can particularly advantageously also have an acceleration sensor (not shown) and/or yaw rate sensor and/or a force sensor (which, for example, detects that the secondary connector and mating connector of energy supply device 16 are plugged together) and/or another sensor, which can be used to determine that a movement of the secondary connector 15 and thus a disconnection of the secondary connector 15 from the energy supply device 16 has not taken place and therefore there is no expected interruption of the current.
- the termination 400 is only recognized by the detection device 4 as an example when the electrical current supplied is reduced by more than 90% in a time interval of less than 1 s, in particular in a time interval of less than 100 ms. Such a short-term and abrupt drop in electric current portends to said triggering of the protection of the energy supply device 16 or some other error.
- this drop is planned, for example by the charging control logic of vehicle 12 and/or charging control of supply cable 10 and/or energy supply device 16.
- This termination can thus be distinguished from an unplanned termination by comparing the target current profile with a determined or recorded actual current profile , e.g. by forming the difference.
- a limiting value 200 can be determined by the detection device 4 , which is based on the current value flowing before the termination 400 .
- the detection device 4 can be designed to determine the limiting value 200 as a function of the last current value detected before the termination 400 .
- the limit value 200 can be determined by the detection device 4 as a function of several current values before the termination 400, e.g. as a function of an average value from several detected current values in a predefined time window before the termination 400.
- Such an average value can, for example, be weighted in such a way that current values that are closer in time to the break 400 are given a greater weight than current values that are at a greater time interval from the break 400 .
- a further alternative for determining the limiting value 200 by the detection device 4 is to apply filtering to a plurality of detected current values before the termination 400.
- the termination 400 can also be determined or to be determined. If the derivation (or its absolute value) exceeds a limit value, this can be taken as an indication of the termination.
- a safety deduction 300 is advantageously taken into account, which is in particular at least 5% of the determined limit value 200, preferably at least 10% or at least 0.5 A or 1.0 A. In this way, a limiting value 200 is determined, which is below the current level that, for example, triggers the protection of the
- This limiting value 200 can either be transferred or sent directly to the limiting unit 3 by the detection device 4 so that the limiting unit 3 uses this limiting value 200 as the new maximum value 100 .
- the limit value 200 can be output or sent as a suggestion for a maximum value 100 to be entered, for example to a user or on a display.
- the user of the supply cable 10 is thus given assistance in specifying the maximum value 100.
- the user does not have to estimate the maximum value 100, which may lead to underestimated values.
- a lower current than technically possible would be permitted, as a result of which a charging process for the vehicle 11 would be unnecessarily lengthened.
- the detection of the termination 400 during the learning mode was described with reference to FIG. 3a.
- the current can be sampled, for example, by a current sensor that is not shown here. This can be arranged in the secondary connector, for example. It can be a Hall sensor, etc., for example. If, for example, a current value is determined or recorded every 50 ms in normal mode, provision is made in learning mode for a current value to be determined, for example, every 10 ms or every millisecond. Due to the finer sampling and due to the predefined ramp 500, it is thus possible to determine more precisely than in the normal mode at which current level the termination 400 actually took place.
- the detection device 4 is also designed to detect breaks 400 in the normal mode.
- the user is given assistance by the determined limit value 200, with this being possible more precisely in the learning mode than in the normal mode.
- the current rise is not delayed by means of the ramp 500, which leads to the vehicle 11 being charged more quickly.
- the learning mode can advantageously be used when charging is to be carried out on an unknown energy supply device 16 for the first time.
- the learning mode can also be used several times in succession with an updated maximum value 100 in order to approach the tripping characteristic of the protection of the energy supply device 16 .
- the secondary connector 15 can, for example, particularly advantageously have a location sensor 18 (e.g. a GPS sensor for absolute coordinates or a WLAN signal module, e.g. for identifying MAC addresses or the like or a sensor for recording mobile phone data Cells or for relative or charging point-specific data such as an RFID sensor or the like) include.
- a location sensor 18 e.g. a GPS sensor for absolute coordinates or a WLAN signal module, e
- the location sensor 18 can be designed, for example, as a GPS sensor. However, it can also be a sensor or a device that determines (absolute) location, e.g. Other sensors are also possible, which enable a (relative) assignment to a location. This can, for example, be an RFID reader that reads an RFID chip on a socket and can thus at least indirectly determine a location, since sockets are usually not mobile.
- This location sensor 18 can be provided in the detection device 4, as is only shown here as an example. However, it can also be formed separately.
- the location sensor 18 is used to determine a current location of the supply cable 10 and/or the secondary connector 15.
- the location sensor 18 allows a link to be established between the (determined or set) limiting value 200 and a location at which the limiting value 200 is determined or set was produced and/or stored, e.g. in a memory 19 of the secondary connector 15.
- the location at which the limit value 200 was determined or set thus corresponds to the location of the energy supply device 16.
- the energy supply device 16 can thus be characterized via the location, so that when this energy supply device 16 is used again, the stored location can be recognized.
- the secondary connector 15 can, for example, be configured (e.g.
- the secondary connector 15 can be configured, for example, to use the associated limit value 200 as a suggestion for a setting output a maximum value of 100.
- the detection device 4 can be set up or designed in such a way that the linking just shown is carried out or carried out in it.
- Location sensor 18 and memory 19 can then be arranged or provided, for example, in the detection device 4 , with location sensor 18 and memory 19 also being able to be provided at different locations or on or in different components in the secondary connector 15 .
- the user of the supply cable 10 can thus fall back on determinations of the limit value 200 that have already been carried out.
- the risk of triggering the protection of the energy supply device 16 is advantageously minimized when the energy supply device 16 is used repeatedly.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b Two possible exemplary embodiments for the secondary connector 15 are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the adjustment device 7 is designed as a rotary control.
- a continuous setting of the maximum value 100 can be effected, i.e. a stepless setting.
- different locking stages are provided, so that only a firmly defined plurality of maximum values 100 can be set, e.g. separated from one another by locking stages.
- 1 A, 2 A, 4 A, 6 A, 8 A, 10 A and 13 A can be permanently specified as maximum value stages.
- the setting device 7 is configured as a slider, for example.
- a continuous setting of the maximum value 100 is also possible here, as is a graduated setting to fixed maximum values 100.
- the secondary connector 15 also has a release unit 20, which is designed to release the adjustability of the maximum value 100 via the setting device 7.
- the release unit 20 can be, for example, a locking slide and/or a mechanical or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor. This prevents the maximum value from being adjusted unintentionally. Before setting the maximum value 100, the release must therefore be carried out via the release unit 20, this being the case when a blocking slide is used in particular only protection against unintentional adjustment, for example by accidentally touching the adjustment device. If, on the other hand, a mechanical and/or electronic lock and/or a fingerprint sensor is used, protection against unauthorized manipulation is also made possible.
- the release by the release unit 20 can be indicated in particular optically and/or acoustically. It is also advantageously possible that the limitation unit 3 does not allow any flow of current through the secondary connector 15 and/or the supply cable 10 during the release for setting the maximum value 100 .
- the release by the release unit 20 can take place either mechanically, so that the setting device 7 is mechanically blocked without release. Alternatively or additionally, the release can also take place electronically, so that, for example, new maximum values 100 are only accepted if this has been released by the release unit 20, although the setting device 7 can still be operated.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a further embodiment of the secondary connector 15. This has a touchscreen as the setting device 7, with a keypad also being able to be used as the setting device 7.
- a memory 19 (cf. FIG. 2) is provided, which is used to store different maximum values 100.
- This is particularly advantageous when the setting device 7 does not have a slider and/or a rotary wheel as described above.
- the values stored in the memory 19 can be selected in particular via the touchscreen or the keypad as the setting device 7 and set as a maximum value of 100.
- the secondary connector 15 advantageously has an output unit 17, which can also be present in the configurations shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
- the output unit 17 is used to output a signal when the--only optionally provided--detection device 4 has detected said termination 400.
- the output unit 17 advantageously serves to output a signal that the maximum value 100 set by the limiting unit 3 is lower than a maximum possible current-carrying capacity of the secondary connector 15 and/or the supply cable 10.
- the signal can be output directly acoustically and/or optically, for example .
- a user terminal can also be coupled to the secondary connector 15, via which said signals can be output to the user.
- a communication module 8 for wireless and/or wired communication with a user terminal is particularly advantageous.
- the maximum current 100 can be set via the user terminal.
- the communication module 8 can advantageously also be used, as described above, to output signals via the user terminal.
- the secondary connector 15 is advantageously designed to indicate, for example via the output unit 17 and/or the communication module 8 and/or via a display (see Fig. 5), which can be part of a touchscreen or can be designed separately, by which factor or by which period of time the charging time extends the limitation of the current flow.
- the secondary connector 15 is designed to indicate how long it will probably take to charge a certain amount of energy, for example 10 kWh, given the selected limit (see FIG. 5: 5 hours and 14 minutes are given here by way of example). In this way, a user can adjust the maximum current specifically to the available charging time (e.g. from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m.).
- the maximum value of 100 can be set directly to a (technically) maximum possible maximum value of 100 with a single operation, without having to make any further settings.
- This (technically) maximum possible maximum value can be e.g. 13 A with a Schuko secondary connector 15.
- the secondary connector 15 is preferably designed as an element that can be detached or decoupled from the connecting line 13, in the manner of an adapter. It can nevertheless be provided that the Secondary connector fixed, ie not non-destructively detachable, is connected to the connecting line 13 and/or the supply cable 10 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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CN202280057786.3A CN117881568A (zh) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-13 | 用于车辆的电力供应线缆的连接器 |
EP22732553.7A EP4359247A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-13 | Verbinder eines elektrischen versorgungskabels für ein fahrzeug |
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DE102021206603.8 | 2021-06-25 | ||
DE102021206603.8A DE102021206603A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2021-06-25 | Verbinder eines elektrischen Versorgungskabels für ein Fahrzeug |
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PCT/EP2022/065946 WO2022268547A1 (de) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-13 | Verbinder eines elektrischen versorgungskabels für ein fahrzeug |
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EP (1) | EP4359247A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN117881568A (de) |
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GB2489988B (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-06-25 | Nissan Motor Mfg Uk Ltd | Improvements in electrical connections |
FR2978303A1 (fr) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-01-25 | St Microelectronics Sa | Circuit d'interface pour charger une batterie de propulsion de vehicule electrique ou hybride a partir d'une autre batterie |
DE102012021502A1 (de) | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zwischen einer Mobileinheit und einer elektrischen Energiequelle |
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DE102017101693A1 (de) | 2017-01-30 | 2018-08-02 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verbindungsmodul zur Verbindung einer Ladeeinrichtung mit einem elektrischen Fahrzeug, Fahrzeug mit dem Verbindungsmodul sowie Verfahren zum Laden des Fahrzeugs unter Verwendung des Verbindungsmoduls |
US10348038B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-07-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Soft lock to secure an EVSE-to-EV charging connector |
DE102017125108A1 (de) | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Phoenix Contact E-Mobility Gmbh | Ladestecker |
DE102017222968A1 (de) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Ladekabel für einen Ladevorgang zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102019200870A1 (de) | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | Audi Ag | Ladekabel |
DE102019121108B3 (de) | 2019-08-05 | 2020-09-24 | Juice Technology AG | Mobile Ladestation für ein Elektrofahrzeug |
-
2021
- 2021-06-25 DE DE102021206603.8A patent/DE102021206603A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-13 CN CN202280057786.3A patent/CN117881568A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-13 WO PCT/EP2022/065946 patent/WO2022268547A1/de active Application Filing
- 2022-06-13 EP EP22732553.7A patent/EP4359247A1/de active Pending
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EP4359247A1 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
DE102021206603A1 (de) | 2022-12-29 |
CN117881568A (zh) | 2024-04-12 |
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