WO2022264936A1 - 排ガス浄化触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022264936A1 WO2022264936A1 PCT/JP2022/023454 JP2022023454W WO2022264936A1 WO 2022264936 A1 WO2022264936 A1 WO 2022264936A1 JP 2022023454 W JP2022023454 W JP 2022023454W WO 2022264936 A1 WO2022264936 A1 WO 2022264936A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- region
- upstream
- supporting portion
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 132
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 barium (Ba) Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
- F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
- B01D2255/2063—Lanthanum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
- B01D2255/407—Zr-Ce mixed oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying catalyst provided in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle.
- a so-called three-way catalyst As an exhaust gas purifying catalyst for removing exhaust gas components such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from exhaust gas emitted from internal combustion engines such as vehicle engines by oxidation or reduction reactions. , a so-called three-way catalyst (TWC) is used.
- a porous support made of an inorganic oxide such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or zirconia (ZrO 2 ) is placed on a honeycomb substrate made of cordierite or the like.
- a catalyst coat layer containing metals such as palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) (hereinafter also referred to as "catalytic metals") that function as catalysts and/or reduction catalysts is formed.
- Such a three-way catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity under predetermined high-temperature conditions. Therefore, when the exhaust system is still cold, such as when the engine is started, the activity of the three-way catalyst provided in the exhaust system is lower than when the engine is running continuously for a long period of time. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique for effectively purifying the exhaust gas even under such circumstances.
- hybrid vehicles and so-called eco-cars equipped with an idling stop function and a fuel cut function have become popular. In these vehicles, the engine stops frequently even during operation, and the exhaust system is likely to be in a cold state even after the engine is started.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising a carrier such as a honeycomb carrier and a catalyst metal supported on the carrier, further comprising a pair of electrodes, and supplying electric power to the pair of electrodes.
- EHC electrically heated exhaust gas purification catalysts
- the EHC requires the installation of electrodes and the like for actively heating the catalyst metal, which increases the installation cost of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst and complicates the structure.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst having a structure that meets the requirements.
- the present invention was created to meet this demand, and has warm-up characteristics that can exhibit effective catalytic activity quickly even when exhaust gas in a relatively low temperature range such as at engine start-up is introduced. To provide an excellent exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
- the present inventors have studied the relationship between the heat capacity of the exhaust gas purification catalyst as a whole, the catalytic activity, and the temperature of the introduced exhaust gas.
- the heat capacity of the rear (Rr) region is smaller than that of the rear (Rr) region, thereby improving the warm-up performance of the upstream region and realizing sufficient exhaust gas purification performance in the downstream region. Arrived.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that purifies exhaust gas emitted from an internal combustion engine, a base material arranged in an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine, the base material having an exhaust gas passage extending from an upstream end where exhaust gas is introduced to a downstream end where exhaust gas is discharged; a catalyst supporting portion formed in the exhaust gas passage of the base material, the catalyst supporting portion containing a catalyst metal functioning as a catalyst capable of oxidizing or reducing at least one exhaust gas component; and
- the catalyst supporting portion is a catalyst coating portion having a carrier made of inorganic compound particles and at least one kind of catalytic metal supported on the carrier; a catalyst metal direct supporting part having at least one catalyst metal directly supported on the substrate without containing the carrier; is composed of
- the catalyst metal directly supporting portion is formed at least in an upstream region of a predetermined length from the upstream end of the exhaust gas passage,
- the catalyst coat portion is not formed in an upstream region of a predetermined length from the upstream end portion of the exhaust gas passage, and is
- exhaust gas passage refers to a region in which the exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas purifying catalyst can flow, and is not limited to spaces (cells) formed inside the substrate and surrounding wall surfaces.
- the interior (inside the pores) of the porous body that constitutes the base also constitutes a part of the exhaust gas passage as long as the exhaust gas can be introduced and flowed.
- the catalyst supporting portion formed in the exhaust gas passage of the substrate is composed of the catalyst coating portion and the catalyst metal directly supporting portion, and the catalyst metal directly supporting portion While the part is formed in an upstream area of a predetermined length from the upstream end, the catalyst coated part is not formed in an upstream area of a predetermined length from the upstream end of the exhaust gas passage, It is formed only in a region on the downstream side of this region. In other words, the catalyst supporting portion in the upstream region of such a predetermined length does not contain a carrier made of inorganic compound particles, and the heat capacity can be reduced accordingly.
- the temperature rise in the upstream region that is, the Fr region in which only the catalyst metal directly supporting portion is formed as the catalyst supporting portion
- the catalyst coat portion is provided in the region downstream of this region, it is possible to maintain sufficient exhaust gas purifying performance during hot running.
- the catalytic metal directly supporting portion is formed in a region having a length of 30% or more of the total length of the exhaust gas passage from at least the upstream end portion. According to the exhaust gas purifying catalyst having such a configuration, the temperature rising property in the Fr range is further enhanced, and the exhaust gas purifying efficiency during cold start and cold running of the internal combustion engine can be further improved.
- the catalyst metal directly supporting portion is formed only in an upstream region with a predetermined length from the upstream end, and is downstream of the region. It is not formed in the region where the side catalyst coat portion is formed.
- the catalytic metal directly supporting portion is also formed in at least a partial region of the region in which the downstream side catalyst coating portion is formed.
- the catalyst supporting portion in the downstream region is composed of both the catalyst coating portion and the catalyst metal directly supporting portion, so that the exhaust gas purifying performance during hot running, for example, can be further optimized.
- the catalytic metal directly supporting portion contains palladium and/or platinum as the catalytic metal, and the catalyst coating portion contains rhodium as the catalytic metal.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst having such a configuration in the catalytic metal direct supporting portion in the upstream region, the exhaust gas is purified during cold start and cold running, especially hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are purified by oxidation. Purification of possible exhaust gas components can be made more suitable.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst is configured as an electrically heated catalyst by forming the base material of a material that can be heated by electric current. mentioned.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed herein can reduce the heat capacity of the upstream region to improve the temperature rising property (warming property).
- Such performance is the basic performance conventionally required for an electrically heated exhaust gas purification catalyst (EHC). Therefore, by constructing an EHC employing the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed herein, it is possible to provide an EHC with improved temperature rising performance (warm-up performance, warm-up characteristics) compared to conventional ones.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that constitutes a three-way catalyst.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that constitutes an electrically heated exhaust gas purifying catalyst (EHC).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of one embodiment of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed herein.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of one embodiment of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed herein.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of one embodiment of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of one embodiment of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that constitutes a three-way catalyst.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst that constitutes an electrically heated exhaust gas purifying catalyst (EHC).
- EHC electrically heated exhaust gas pur
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing warm-up characteristics (warm-up characteristics) in terms of HC conversion rates for four exhaust gas purification catalysts constructed using Si—SiC substrates.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing warm-up characteristics (warm-up characteristics) in terms of HC purification rates for two exhaust gas purification catalysts constructed using a cordierite base material.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing warm-up characteristics (warm-up characteristics) in terms of HC purification rates for two exhaust gas purification catalysts constructed using a metal base material.
- the catalyst-carrying portion is composed of the catalyst-coated portion and the catalyst-metal direct-carrying portion. It is formed in an upstream region with a predetermined length from the end, and the catalyst coating portion is not formed in the upstream region, but is formed only in the downstream region from the upstream region. Characterized. Therefore, other configurations are not particularly limited.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed herein includes the base material described later, the carrier (including the case where it is an OSC material) in the catalyst coating portion, the catalyst metal supported on each of the catalyst metal direct supporting portion and the catalyst coating portion, and the like. By appropriately selecting and molding into a desired shape according to the application, it is arranged in an exhaust pipe connected to various internal combustion engines, particularly an internal combustion engine (here, a gasoline engine for automobiles) 1 of an automobile gasoline engine or diesel engine. be able to.
- the base material is a member that constitutes the skeleton of the exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- various types of materials and shapes that are conventionally often used as base materials constituting exhaust gas purifying catalysts can be employed.
- ceramic substrates such as cordierite, aluminum titanate, and silicon carbide (SiC) having high heat resistance, or metal substrates such as stainless steel can be used.
- the shape may also be the same as that of the conventional exhaust gas purifying catalyst.
- the base material 11 of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst 10 shown in FIG. For example, a plurality of cells 15 are provided, and exhaust gas can come into contact with partition walls (rib walls) 16 that partition the cells 15 . Alternatively, it may be a sponge-like porous body with irregular pores, as long as the exhaust gas can flow through the pores.
- the base material 11 is arranged so that the exhaust gas introduced into the cell 15 from the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow direction (see the arrow in the figure), that is, the upstream end where the exhaust gas is introduced into the cell 15 flows through the cell 15 as it is. It is not limited to a so-called straight-flow type that discharges from the downstream end on the downstream side in the direction.
- the exhaust gas introduced from the upstream end of the cell whose upstream end is open only passes through the porous partition wall and moves to the adjacent cell whose downstream end is open only to move downstream of the cell. It may be a so-called wall-through type substrate discharged from the side edge.
- the capacity of the substrate 11 (the volume of the cell 15) is usually 0.1 L or more (preferably 0.5 L or more), for example 5 L or less (preferably 3 L or less, more preferably 2 L or less). Good to have.
- the total length of the substrate 11 along the flow direction of the exhaust gas can be normally about 10 mm to 500 mm (eg, 50 mm to 300 mm).
- the shape of the substrate 11 can be a foam shape, a pellet shape, or the like, in addition to the honeycomb shape.
- an elliptical cylindrical shape, a polygonal cylindrical shape, or the like may be adopted.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalyst 10A used as an EHC.
- the shape of the substrate 11A is not particularly limited, and may be the same as that shown in FIG.
- the substrate 11A that can be heated by energization may be used, but silicon carbide (SiC), a composite material (Si—SiC) of silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disilicide
- a composite material with (MoSi 2 ) is suitable as a ceramic material constituting a base material that can be satisfactorily heated by an electric current.
- alloy materials such as Ni--Cr and Fe--Cr--Al are also suitable as the metal material constituting the base material that can be satisfactorily heated by energization.
- the electrically heated catalyst (EHC) 10A has a pair of electrodes 40 facing each other with a substrate 11A interposed therebetween.
- the electrode 40 includes an electrode layer 42 and electrode terminals 44 provided on the outer surface of the substrate 11A.
- the electrode layer 42 has a function of diffusing current on the surface of the substrate 11A so that heat can be efficiently generated.
- the outer shape and size of the electrode layer 42 may be appropriately set.
- the catalyst supporting portion 20 is formed in the cell 15, which is the exhaust gas passage, specifically on the surface and/or inside the partition wall 16. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, in the exhaust gas purifying catalyst disclosed here, the catalyst supporting portion 20 includes a catalytic metal direct supporting portion 24 formed in an upstream region of a predetermined length from at least the upstream end portion 16A. , and a catalyst coat portion 22 which is not formed in an upstream area of a predetermined length but is formed only in a downstream area. Note that FIG. 3 and FIGS.
- the catalytic metal direct support portion 24 is formed only in an upstream region with a predetermined length from the upstream end portion 16A.
- the catalytic metal direct supporting portion 24 is at least part of the region where the downstream side catalyst coating portion 22 is formed (upstream side in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4). It is also formed in the entire region from the end portion 16A to the downstream end portion 16B).
- the catalyst coat portion 22 is not formed in the predetermined length upstream region, but is formed only in the downstream region. Therefore, in both the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 and the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the catalyst coat portion 22 includes at least a catalyst metal that functions as a catalyst capable of oxidizing or reducing at least one exhaust gas component, and an inorganic carrier that supports the catalyst metal.
- catalytic metals include metals belonging to platinum group elements such as palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), and other metals that function as oxidation or reduction catalysts.
- Pd and Pt are excellent in purification performance (oxidation purification performance) of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and Rh is excellent in purification performance (reduction purification performance) of NOx . .
- metals such as barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and other alkaline earth metals, alkali metals and transition metals may be used in combination as promoter components.
- the average particle size of the catalytic metal based on electron microscope observation is preferably 0.5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 20 nm, but is not particularly limited.
- the carrier that supports the catalyst metal and constitutes the catalyst coat portion 22 is not particularly limited as long as it can support the catalyst metal, and conventionally known carriers made of inorganic compound particles can be used.
- inorganic compound particles such as ceria (CeO 2 ), composite oxides containing the ceria (for example, ceria-zirconia composite oxides (CZ or ZC composite oxides))
- oxide particles such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ); These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a support containing an OSC material is more preferable because the OSC material can function as a co-catalyst for exhaust gas purification.
- OSC materials such as ceria and ceria-zirconia composite oxides to which a small amount of oxides containing yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), niobium (Nb), praseodymium (Pr) and other rare earth elements are added have heat resistance. It is preferred because it improves
- the catalyst-coated portion 22 may further contain components other than the catalyst metal component and the carrier, such as binders, co-catalyst components, and other additives.
- Alumina, silica, or the like can be used as the binder, similarly to the conventional catalyst coating portion of this type.
- the co-catalyst component includes the aforementioned metals such as Ba and Sr.
- the content of the catalyst metal in the catalyst coat portion 22 is not particularly limited. For example, it may be 0.01% by mass to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the carrier contained in the catalyst coating portion 22 .
- the catalyst coating part 22 may have a simple single layer structure as schematically shown in FIGS. A multi-layered structure comprising at least two layers may be used.
- the thickness and length of the catalyst coating portion 22 may be appropriately determined according to the size of the cells 15 of the substrates 11 and 11A, the flow rate of the exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas passage, and the like.
- the thickness of the catalyst coating portion 22 can be 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the catalytic metal direct supporting portion 24 is a part of the catalyst supporting portion configured by directly supporting the base material 11, 11A without using the carrier in order to make the heat capacity smaller than that of the catalyst coated portion 22.
- the type of catalyst metal used in the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24 may be the same as that used in the catalyst coating portion 22, or may be different.
- at least one of Pd, Pt, and Rh used in the examples to be described later is supported on the catalyst metal direct support portion 24 .
- alkaline earth metals such as barium (Ba) and strontium (Sr) can be contained (for example, the catalyst supporting portion 1 mass % to 20 mass % of the entire 20).
- strontium strontium
- the average particle size of these metal species based on electron microscope observation is preferably 0.5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 20 nm, but is not particularly limited.
- the catalyst metal content per unit volume (1 L) in the entire exhaust gas purification catalyst 10, 10A is suitably about 0.1 to 5 g/L, preferably about 0.2 to 2 g/L. If the catalyst metal content is too high, it is not preferable in terms of cost, and if it is too low, the exhaust gas purifying ability is low, which is not preferable.
- 1 L of catalyst volume refers to 1 L of bulk volume including the volume of voids in the cells 15 in addition to the net volume of the substrates 11 and 11A.
- the catalyst coating portion 22 and the catalyst metal direct support portion 24 of the exhaust gas purification catalysts 10, 10A disclosed herein can be formed by the same method as forming the catalyst coating portion of conventional exhaust gas purification catalysts.
- the catalyst coating portion 22 can be easily manufactured by a wash coating method or the like conventionally used to form this type of catalyst coating portion.
- raw material compounds that produce catalyst metal particles after firing e.g., water-soluble metal salts such as Pd nitrate and Rh nitrate
- support particles made of ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, and OSC materials
- co-catalyst components such as barium sulfate.
- Aqueous slurry containing additives such as a thickener is coated from the downstream end 16B of the substrates 11 and 11A by a known wash coating method or the like.
- the catalyst coating portion 22 can be formed on the substrates 11 and 11A by firing at a predetermined temperature and time. Firing conditions for the wash-coated slurry vary depending on the shape and size of the base material or carrier, and are not particularly limited. of the catalyst coat portion 22 can be formed.
- the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24 can also be formed by the wash coating method in the same manner as the catalyst coat portion 22 is formed.
- a water-based slurry containing raw material compounds e.g., water-soluble metal salts such as Pd nitrate and Rh nitrate
- Pd nitrate and Rh nitrate water-soluble metal salts
- additives such as thickeners
- 11 and 11A are coated from the upstream end 16A.
- the thickness of the catalyst metal direct supporting portion 24 formed in the thickness direction of the partition walls 16 of the substrates 11 and 11A can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the viscosity of the slurry to be used.
- the viscosity measured at a rotation speed of 1 to 100 rpm, room temperature (25° C.), and a shear rate of 380 s ⁇ 1 is suitably about 10 mPa to 1000 mPa, and 100 mPa to About 800 mPa is preferable.
- the viscosity is preferably about 200 mPa to 600 mPa.
- Conventionally known compounds can be used as thickeners for adjusting the viscosity of this type of washcoat slurry.
- Examples of preferred thickeners include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose, and polysaccharides such as pectin and xanthan gum.
- water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol
- cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose
- polysaccharides such as pectin and xanthan gum.
- the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24 can be formed on the substrates 11 and 11A. Firing conditions for the wash-coated slurry vary depending on the shape and size of the base material or carrier, and are not particularly limited. can form the catalytic metal direct support portion 24 of . Alternatively, the slurry for forming the catalyst metal directly supporting portion may be used for wash coating, and the slurry for forming the catalyst coating portion may be used for wash coating, followed by firing at the same time.
- the upstream region of a predetermined length (that is, the region in which the catalyst coating portion 22 is not formed) is sufficient as long as the intended reduction in heat capacity can be achieved, and the length is particularly limited. not.
- the upstream region has a length that is 20% or more of the total length of the cells (exhaust gas passage) 15 of the substrates 11 and 11A as 100%. It is suitable that it is formed in the region, and 30% or more is preferable. From the viewpoint of realizing sufficient exhaust gas purification performance during hot driving as well as exhaust gas purification efficiency during cold driving, 50% or less is appropriate, and 40% or less is preferable.
- each base material has a length of 50 mm in the longitudinal direction (exhaust gas flow direction), a capacity of 0.551 L, and a diameter of 118.4 mm, and about 600 cells having a square cross section are formed.
- ⁇ Base material 1 Si—SiC base material
- Base material 2 cordierite base material
- Base material 3 high Al content ferritic (20Co-5Al) stainless steel base material
- the Fr region catalyst coating part 21 is formed with the upstream region extending from the upstream end to 30% of the total length of 100% in the exhaust gas flow direction (the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure).
- An exhaust gas purifying catalyst of Comparative Example 1 was produced by forming the Rr region catalyst coating portion 22 in the remaining 70% of the length of the downstream region and not forming the catalyst metal direct supporting portion (see FIG. 5). ).
- alumina carrier particles containing about 1 to 10 wt% of La 2 O 3 and alumina-based sol (binder) are added to and suspended in an aqueous solution containing palladium nitrate to prepare slurry 1 for forming a catalyst coat portion. was prepared.
- the slurry 1 is poured into the cells from the upstream end of the base material 1, and unnecessary portions are blown off with a blower to form a Pd layer using Pd as a catalyst metal on the wall surface (partition wall surface) of the base material. did. Then, after placing it in a drier at 120° C. for 2 hours to remove moisture, it was transferred to an electric furnace and fired at 500° C. for 2 hours. Thus, the Fr region catalyst coating portion 21 containing Pd was formed in the upstream region from the upstream end to 30% of the total length of 100%.
- alumina carrier particles containing about 1 to 10 wt% La 2 O 3 and CZ compound particles having a CeO 2 content of 15 to 40 wt% and the balance being ZrO 2 as an OSC material.
- an alumina-based sol binder
- the slurry 2 is poured into the cells from the downstream end of the base material 1, and unnecessary portions are blown off with a blower to form an Rh layer containing Rh as a catalyst metal on the wall surface (partition wall surface) of the base material. did. Then, after placing it in a drier at 120° C.
- the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 containing Rh was formed in the downstream region extending from the downstream end to 70% of the total length of 100% (see FIG. 5).
- the amount of catalyst metal supported per liter of catalyst volume in Comparative Example 1 the amount of Pd supported in the Fr region catalyst coated portion 21 was about 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh supported in the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 was about 0.15 g/L. was L.
- the Rr region catalyst coating portion 22 containing both Pd and Rh was formed in the downstream region extending from the downstream end to 70% of the total length of 100% (see FIG. 6).
- no catalyst supporting portion was formed in the upstream region extending from the upstream end to 30% of the total length of 100% in the exhaust gas flow direction.
- the amount of Pd carried in the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 per liter of catalyst volume was approximately 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh carried was approximately 0.15 g/L.
- Example 1 Hydroxyethyl cellulose was added as a thickening agent to an aqueous solution containing palladium nitrate to prepare a coating solution for forming a catalyst metal directly supporting portion.
- a cone-plate viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the viscosity measured at 25 ° C. and a shear rate of 380 s ⁇ 1 when the rotation speed is changed in the range of 1 to 100 rpm is 300 mPa.
- the amount of the thickening agent added was adjusted.
- the obtained coating liquid is poured into the upstream region of the upstream end of the base material 1 up to 30% of the total length of 100% of the total length inside the cell from the upstream end, and the unnecessary part is blown off with a blower.
- a portion where Pd was directly arranged was formed inside the partition walls of the substrate (here, a region up to a depth where the thickness from the partition wall surface was about 30% of the total thickness of 100%).
- it was transferred to an electric furnace and fired at 500° C. for 2 hours.
- the catalyst metal direct supporting portion 24 containing Pd was formed in the upstream region from the upstream end to 30% of the total length of 100% (see FIG. 3).
- the same process as in Comparative Example 1 is performed using the slurry 2, and the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 containing Rh in the downstream region from the downstream end to 70% of the total length 100% was formed (see FIG. 3).
- the amount of catalyst metal supported per liter of catalyst volume in the first embodiment the amount of Pd supported in the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24, which is the Fr region, is about 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh supported in the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 is about 2 g/L. It was 0.15 g/L.
- Example 2 The coating liquid for forming the catalyst metal directly supporting part is poured over the entire length from the upstream end to the downstream end of the cell interior, and the unnecessary part is blown off with a blower to remove the inside of the partition wall of the base material (here, the entire part). A portion where Pd was directly arranged was formed in a region up to a depth where the thickness from the partition wall surface was about 30% of the thickness of 100%. Then, after placing it in a drier at 120° C. for 2 hours to remove moisture, it was transferred to an electric furnace and fired at 500° C. for 2 hours. In this way, a catalytic metal direct support portion 24 containing Pd was formed over the entire length of the cell (see FIG. 4).
- a catalyst coat portion 22 was formed (see FIG. 4).
- the amount of catalyst metal supported per liter of catalyst volume in the second embodiment the amount of Pd supported in the catalyst metal direct support portion 24 was about 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh supported in the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 was about 0.15 g/L. was L.
- Example 3 By carrying out the same process using the same material as in Example 1, except that the base material 2 was used as the base material, the upstream part from the upstream end to the length of 30% with respect to the total length of 100% An exhaust gas purifying catalyst was prepared in which the catalyst metal direct support portion 24 containing Pd was formed in the side region, and the Rr region catalyst coating portion 22 containing Rh was formed in the downstream region from the downstream end to 70% of the length. (Fig. 3). Regarding the amount of catalyst metal supported per 1 L of catalyst volume in the third embodiment, the amount of Pd supported in the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24 in the Fr region was about 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh supported in the Rr region catalyst coated portion 22 was about 0. .15 g/L.
- Example 4 By carrying out the same process using the same material as in Example 1, except that the base material 3 was used as the base material, the upstream part from the upstream end to the length of 30% with respect to the total length of 100% An exhaust gas purifying catalyst was prepared in which the catalyst metal direct support portion 24 containing Pd was formed in the side region, and the Rr region catalyst coating portion 22 containing Rh was formed in the downstream region from the downstream end to 70% of the length. (Fig. 3). Regarding the amount of catalyst metal supported per liter of catalyst volume in the present embodiment 4, the amount of Pd supported in the catalyst metal directly supporting portion 24 in the Fr region was about 2 g/L, and the amount of Rh supported in the catalyst coated portion 22 in the Rr region was about 0. .15 g/L.
- a warm-up characteristic evaluation test was conducted using a total of eight types of exhaust gas purifying catalyst samples obtained above. Specifically, one of the exhaust gas purifying catalysts was connected to the exhaust system (exhaust pipe) of a gasoline engine (in-line four-cylinder engine) installed on a test stand. A bypass pipe to which an exhaust gas purification catalyst is not connected is provided in parallel with this exhaust system, and the exhaust gas discharged from the gasoline engine is flowed to the exhaust gas purification catalyst side or the bypass pipe side by switching the valve. can be switched. Then, the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced into the exhaust gas purifying catalyst was adjusted so as to satisfy predetermined conditions.
- the air-fuel ratio was set to stoichiometric (here, 14.6), exhaust gas was produced with an intake air amount of 22 g/sec, and the exhaust gas was introduced into an exhaust gas purification catalyst connected to the exhaust system at approximately 520°C. A pre-heat treatment was performed.
- the valve was switched to exhaust the exhaust gas from the bypass pipe, and cooling air was introduced into the exhaust gas purification catalyst, and the temperature of the air passing through the catalyst was cooled to about 60°C.
- the valve was switched again, and when the exhaust gas purification catalyst reached 60° C., the introduction of the exhaust gas at 500° C. into the exhaust gas purification catalyst was started, and the HC purification rate was measured. Then, the number of seconds required for the HC purification rate to reach 50% was measured and used as an index for evaluating warm-up characteristics.
- the results are shown in the graphs of Figures 7-9.
- the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 and 2 using the base material 1 are shown in FIG. 7, and the results of Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 using the base material 2 are shown in FIG.
- the results for Comparative Example 4 and Example 4 using the base material 3 are shown in FIG.
- Example 1 has a higher HC oxidation efficiency.
- the catalyst metal (platinum group metal) provided in the catalyst metal direct support part was Pd, but the effect of lowering the heat capacity is not limited to Pd, and other catalyst metals (Rh, Pt, etc.) is understood from the technical information disclosed here.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は、2021年6月18日に出願された日本国特許出願2021-101313号に基づく優先権を主張しており、その出願の全内容は本明細書中に参照として組み入れられている。
一般的に三元触媒では、コージェライト等からなるハニカム基材上に、アルミナ(Al2O3)、ジルコニア(ZrO2)等の無機酸化物からなる多孔質担体と該担体に担持された酸化触媒及び/又は還元触媒として機能するパラジウム(Pd)、ロジウム(Rh)等の金属(以下「触媒金属」ともいう。)とを含む触媒コート層が形成されている。
特に近年、ハイブリッド車両やアイドリングストップ機能やフューエルカット機能を備えるいわゆるエコカーが普及している。これらの車両では、運転中も頻繁にエンジンが停止することとなり、エンジン始動時のような排気系統のコールド状態が運転開始後も生じやすく、そのような状況下でも排ガスを効果的に三元触媒で浄化する技術が求められている。
かかる要求に応える排ガス浄化触媒の一形態として、ハニカム担体等の担体と該担体に担持された触媒金属とを備える排ガス浄化触媒であって、さらに一対の電極を備え、当該一対の電極に電力を供給して触媒金属を加熱するように構成された、EHCとも呼称されるいわゆる通電加熱式(電気加熱式ともいう)の排ガス浄化触媒が知られている。例えば特許文献1,2には、通電加熱式排ガス浄化触媒(EHC)の従来例が記載されている。
本発明は、かかる要求に応えるべく創出されたものであり、エンジン始動時のような比較的低温域の排ガスが導入された際にも迅速に効果的な触媒活性を発揮し得るウォームアップ特性に優れる排ガス浄化触媒を提供する。
上記内燃機関の排気管に配置される基材であって、排ガスが導入される上流側端部から排ガスが排出される下流側端部に至る排ガス通路を有する基材と、
少なくとも一種の排ガス成分を酸化若しくは還元し得る触媒として機能する触媒金属を含み、上記基材の排ガス通路に形成された触媒担持部と、
を備えており、
上記触媒担持部は、
無機化合物粒子からなる担体と、該担体に担持された状態の少なくとも一種の触媒金属とを有する触媒コート部と、
上記担体を含まずに上記基材に直接担持された状態の少なくとも一種の触媒金属を有する触媒金属直接担持部と、
から構成されており、
ここで、上記触媒金属直接担持部は、少なくとも上記排ガス通路における上記上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域に形成されており、
上記触媒コート部は、上記排ガス通路における上記上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域には形成されておらず、該領域よりも下流側の領域にのみ形成されている、排ガス浄化触媒が提供される。
ここで「排ガス通路」とは、排ガス浄化触媒に導入された排ガスが流動可能な領域をいい、基材内部に形成された空間(セル)とその周囲の壁面に限られない。基材を構成する多孔体の内部(細孔内)も排ガスが導入されて流動可能な限り、排ガス通路の一部を構成している。
このことにより、ここで開示される排ガス浄化触媒によると、上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域(即ち触媒担持部として触媒金属直接担持部のみ形成されているFr領域)における昇温性が高まり、内燃機関の始動時のような比較的低温域のいわゆるコールドスタート、コールド走行時の排ガスの浄化効率の向上を実現することができる。また、該領域よりも下流側領域では触媒コート部が設けられているため、ホット走行時における十分な排ガス浄化性能を保持することができる。
かかる構成の排ガス浄化触媒によると、Fr領域における昇温性がいっそう高まり、内燃機関のコールドスタート、コールド走行時における排ガスの浄化効率をさらに向上させることができる。
かかる構成によると、該上流側領域の熱容量を好適に小さくすることができるため、内燃機関のコールドスタート、コールド走行時における排ガスの浄化効率をより好適化することができる。
かかる構成の排ガス浄化触媒によると、下流側領域における触媒担持部が触媒コート部ならびに触媒金属直接担持部の両方から構成されるため、例えばホット走行時における排ガス浄化性能をより好適化することができる。
かかる構成の排ガス浄化触媒によると、上流側領域における触媒金属直接担持部において、コールドスタート、コールド走行時における排ガスの浄化、特に炭化水素(HC)や一酸化炭素(CO)のような酸化によって浄化し得る排ガス成分の浄化をより好適化することができる。
ここで開示される排ガス浄化触媒は、上記のとおり、上流側領域の熱容量を小さくして昇温性(暖機性)を向上させることができる。かかる性能は、従来から通電加熱式排ガス浄化触媒(EHC)に求められる基本的性能である。
従って、ここで開示される排ガス浄化触媒を採用してEHCを構築することにより、従来よりも昇温性(暖機性、ウォームアップ特性)の向上したEHCを提供することができる。
基材は、排ガス浄化触媒の骨格を構成する部材である。該基材としては、排ガス浄化触媒を構成する基材として従来からよく用いられている種々の素材および形態のものを採用することができる。例えば、高耐熱性を有するコージェライト、チタン酸アルミニウム、炭化ケイ素(SiC)などのセラミック基材、或いはステンレス鋼などのメタル基材を使用することができる。
形状についても従来の排ガス浄化触媒と同様でよい。一例として、図1に示す排ガス浄化触媒10の基材11は、外形が円筒形状である例えばコージェライト製のハニカム構造の基材11であって、その長軸方向に排ガス通路としての貫通孔であるセル15が複数設けられ、各セル15を仕切る隔壁(リブ壁)16に排ガスが接触可能となっているものが挙げられる。或いは、排ガスが細孔内を流動し得る限りにおいて、不規則な細孔が形成されたスポンジ状の多孔質体であってもよい。
特に限定しないが、基材11の容量(セル15の体積)は、通常0.1L以上(好ましくは0.5L以上)であり、例えば5L以下(好ましくは3L以下、より好ましくは2L以下)であるとよい。また、基材11の排ガス流動方向に沿う全長は、通常10mm~500mm(例えば50mm~300mm)程度とすることができる。なお、基材11の形状はハニカム形状の他にフォーム形状、ペレット形状などとすることができる。また基材11全体の外形については、円筒形に替えて、楕円筒形、多角筒形などを採用してもよい。
通電により加熱され得る基材11Aであればよいが、炭化ケイ素(SiC)、炭化ケイ素(SiC)とシリコン(Si)との複合材料(Si-SiC)、炭化ケイ素(SiC)と二ケイ化モリブデン(MoSi2)との複合材料、等が通電により良好に加熱され得る基材を構成するセラミック材として好適である。
或いは、Ni-Cr系、Fe-Cr-Al系などの合金材料も通電により良好に加熱され得る基材を構成する金属材として好適である。
ここで開示される排ガス浄化触媒10,10Aは、排ガス通路であるセル15内において、具体的には隔壁16の表面及び/又は内部において、触媒担持部20が形成されている。図3に示すように、ここで開示される排ガス浄化触媒では、触媒担持部20は、少なくとも上流側端部16Aから所定の長さの上流側領域に形成されている触媒金属直接担持部24と、所定の長さの上流側領域には形成されておらず、それよりも下流側の領域にのみ形成されている触媒コート部22とから構成されている。
なお、図3ならびに後述する図4~図6は、いずれも左側から右側方向に排ガスが流れる(図中の矢印参照)ように記載されている。従って、図中の基材11(隔壁16)の左端が上流側端部16A、右側が下流側端部16Bである。
従って、図3に示す実施形態および図4に示す実施形態のいずれについても、上流側端部16Aから下流側端部16Bに至る全領域に触媒コート部22を形成する場合と比較して、当該上流側領域における触媒担持部20の熱容量が低下するため、暖機性能を向上させることができる。換言すれば、上流側領域における触媒金属直接担持部の昇温性が向上し、コールドスタート、コールド走行時の排ガスの浄化性能を高めることができる。かかる観点からは、より熱容量が小さい図3に示す形態が好ましい。
他方、排ガス浄化触媒全体の浄化性能を考慮すれば、図4に示すような下流側領域に触媒コート部と触媒金属直接担持部の両方が形成されている形態が好ましい。
触媒金属としては、例えばパラジウム(Pd)、ロジウム(Rh)、白金(Pt)等の白金族元素に属する金属あるいはその他の酸化若しくは還元触媒として機能する金属が挙げられる。PdおよびPtは、一酸化炭素および炭化水素の浄化性能(酸化浄化能)に優れ、RhはNOxの浄化性能(還元浄化能)に優れるため、これらは三元触媒として特に好ましい触媒金属である。これらに加えて、バリウム(Ba)、ストロンチウム(Sr)その他のアルカリ土類金属、アルカリ金属、遷移金属等からなる金属を助触媒成分として併用してもよい。触媒金属の電顕観察に基づく平均粒子径は、好ましくは0.5nm~50nmであり、より好ましくは1nm~20nmであり得るが特に限定されない。
バインダとしては、従来のこの種の触媒コート部と同様、アルミナ、シリカなどを用いることができる。助触媒成分としては、上述したBa、Sr等の金属が挙げられる。
触媒コート部22における触媒金属の含有率は特に制限されない。例えば、触媒コート部22に含まれる担体の全質量に対して0.01質量%~10質量%であり得、0.1質量%~5質量%であることが好ましい。
触媒コート部22は、図3,4に模式的に示しているようなシンプルな単層構造であってもよいし、触媒金属及び/又は担体の種類、それらの配合割合、等を相互に異ならせて2以上の層を備える複層構造であってもよい。なお、触媒コート部22の厚みや長さは、基材11,11Aのセル15の大きさや排ガス通路に導入される排ガス流量等に応じて適宜決定すればよい。例えば、触媒コート部22の厚みは1μm~500μmであり得る。
触媒金属直接担持部24において用いられる触媒金属の種類は、触媒コート部22と同じであってもよく、異なっていてもよい。例えば、三元触媒を構成する場合、好ましくは後述する実施例で使用したようなPd、Pt、Rhのうちの少なくとも1種類を触媒金属直接担持部24に担持させるとよい。例えば触媒金属としてPd及び/又はPtを担持させることにより、コールドスタート、コールド走行時における排ガスの浄化性能、特にHCやCOのような酸化されて浄化される排ガス成分の浄化性能を向上させることができる。他方、例えば触媒金属としてRhを担持させることにより、コールドスタート、コールド走行時において特にNOxのような還元されて浄化される排ガス成分の浄化性能を向上させることができる。
所望する低熱容量を維持する限りにおいて、触媒金属以外の成分を含ませることができる。例えば、後述する実施例で使用したようなPdを含む触媒金属直接担持部24である場合、バリウム(Ba)、ストロンチウム(Sr)等のアルカリ土類金属を含有させることができる(例えば触媒担持部20全体の1質量%~20質量%程度)。これによりPdのシンタリングを抑制し、Pdの触媒活性を維持することができる。
これら金属種の電顕観察に基づく平均粒子径は、好ましくは0.5nm~50nmであり、より好ましくは1nm~20nmであり得るが特に限定されない。
なお、本明細書において触媒容積1Lをいうときは、基材11,11Aの純容積に加えてセル15内の空隙の容積を含む嵩容積1Lをいう。
触媒コート部22は、この種の触媒コート部を形成するために従来用いられているウォッシュコート法等によって容易に製造することができる。例えば、焼成後に触媒金属粒子を生成する原料化合物(例えば硝酸Pd、硝酸Rhのような水溶性の金属塩)、アルミナ、ジルコニア、OSC材等のセラミックスからなる担体粒子、硫酸バリウム等の助触媒成分、増粘剤等の添加剤を含む水系スラリーを公知のウォッシュコート法等によって基材11,11Aの下流側端部16Bの方からコートする。
その後、所定の温度および時間で焼成することにより、基材11,11A上に触媒コート部22を形成することができる。ウォッシュコートされたスラリーの焼成条件は基材または担体の形状およびサイズによって変動するため特に限定しないが、典型的には400~1000℃程度で約1~5時間程度の焼成を行うことによって、目的の触媒コート部22を形成することができる。
この種のウォッシュコート用スラリーの粘度を調節する増粘剤としては、従来公知の化合物を用いることができる。例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等の水溶性高分子、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体、ペクチン、キサンタンガム等の多糖類が好適な増粘剤として例示される。
或いは、触媒金属直接担持部形成用スラリーを用いてウォッシュコートし、且つ、触媒コート部形成用スラリーを用いてウォッシュコートした後に、同時に焼成してもよい。
基材として以下の3種類のハニカム筒状のストレートフロータイプの基材1~3を用意した。なお、いずれの基材も長軸方向(排ガス流動方向)の長さは50mm、容量は0.551L、直径118.4mmであり、断面正方形状のセルが600セル程形成されている。隔壁の厚みは4~5ミル(1ミルは1/1000インチ)程度である。
・基材1 Si-SiC製基材
・基材2 コージェライト製基材
・基材3 高Al含有フェライト系(20Co-5Al)ステンレス鋼製基材
そして、上記基材を用いて図3~6のいずれかに模式的に示す触媒担持部20を備えたハニカム状のストレートフロータイプ排ガス浄化触媒を作製した。具体的には、以下のとおりである。
基材1を使用し、排ガス流動方向(図中の矢印で示す方向)の全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までを上流側領域としてFr領域触媒コート部21を形成し、且つ、残りの70%の長さの下流側領域にはRr領域触媒コート部22を形成し触媒金属直接担持部は形成しないようにして比較例1の排ガス浄化触媒を作製した(図5参照)。
具体的には、硝酸パラジウムを含む水溶液に、1~10wt%程度のLa2O3を含むアルミナ担体粒子、および、アルミナ系ゾル(バインダ)を添加、懸濁させて触媒コート部形成用スラリー1を調製した。
そして、該スラリー1を上記基材1の上流側端部からセル内部に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことにより該基材の壁面(隔壁表面)にPdを触媒金属とするPd層を形成した。次いで、120℃の乾燥機内に2時間配置して水分を飛ばした後、電気炉に移して500℃で2時間の焼成を行った。こうして、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含むFr領域触媒コート部21を形成した。
そして、該スラリー2を上記基材1の下流側端部からセル内部に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことにより該基材の壁面(隔壁表面)にRhを触媒金属とするRh層を形成した。次いで、120℃の乾燥機内に2時間配置して水分を飛ばした後、電気炉に移して500℃で2時間の焼成を行った。こうして、全長100%に対して下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22を形成した(図5参照)。本比較例1における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域触媒コート部21におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
硝酸パラジウムおよび硝酸ロジウムをともに含む水溶液に、1~10wt%程度のLa2O3を含むアルミナ担体粒子、OSC材としてCeO2の含有率が15~40wt%であり残部がZrO2であるCZ化合物粒子およびアルミナ系ゾル(バインダ)を添加、懸濁させて触媒コート部形成用スラリー3を調製した。
そして、該スラリー3を上記基材1の下流側端部からセル内部に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことにより該基材の壁面(隔壁表面)にPdおよびRhを触媒金属とするPd&Rh層を形成した。次いで、120℃の乾燥機内に2時間配置して水分を飛ばした後、電気炉に移して500℃で2時間の焼成を行った。こうして、全長100%に対して下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にPdとRhの両方を含むRr領域触媒コート部22を形成した(図6参照)。なお、本比較例2では排ガス流動方向の全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域には触媒担持部は形成しなかった。本比較例2における触媒容積1LあたりのRr領域触媒コート部22におけるPd担持量は約2g/LでありRh担持量は約0.15g/Lであった。
硝酸パラジウムを含む水溶液に増粘剤としてヒドロキシエチルセルロースを添加して触媒金属直接担持部形成用塗工液を調製した。このとき、東機産業株(株)製のコーンプレート型粘度計を用いて回転数を1~100rpmの範囲で変更したときの25℃、せん断速度380s-1において測定した粘度が300mPaとなるように上記増粘剤の添加量を調整した。
得られた塗工液を上記基材1の上流側端部からセル内部の全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことにより該基材の隔壁の内部(ここでは全厚み100%に対して隔壁表面からの厚みが約30%前後となる深さまでの領域)にPdが直接配置された部分を形成した。次いで、120℃の乾燥機内に2時間配置して水分を飛ばした後、電気炉に移して500℃で2時間の焼成を行った。こうして、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含む触媒金属直接担持部24を形成した(図3参照)。
次に、上記スラリー2を用いて比較例1と同様のプロセスを実施し、全長100%に対して下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22を形成した(図3参照)。本実施例1における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域である触媒金属直接担持部24におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
上記触媒金属直接担持部形成用塗工液を上流側端部からセル内部の下流側端部に至る全長にわたって流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことにより該基材の隔壁の内部(ここでは全厚み100%に対して隔壁表面からの厚みが約30%前後となる深さまでの領域)にPdが直接配置された部分を形成した。次いで、120℃の乾燥機内に2時間配置して水分を飛ばした後、電気炉に移して500℃で2時間の焼成を行った。こうして、セル全長にわたってPdを含む触媒金属直接担持部24を形成した(図4参照)。
次に、上記スラリー2を用いて比較例1および実施例1と同様のプロセスを実施し、全長100%に対して下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22を形成した(図4参照)。本実施例2における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、触媒金属直接担持部24におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
基材として上記基材2を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様の材料を用いて同様のプロセスを実施することにより、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含むFr領域触媒コート部21が形成され、下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22が形成された排ガス浄化触媒を調製した(図5)。本比較例3における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域触媒コート部21におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
基材として上記基材2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の材料を用いて同様のプロセスを実施することにより、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含む触媒金属直接担持部24が形成され、下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22が形成された排ガス浄化触媒を調製した(図3)。本実施例3における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域の触媒金属直接担持部24におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
基材として上記基材3を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様の材料を用いて同様のプロセスを実施することにより、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含むFr領域触媒コート部21が形成され、下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22が形成された排ガス浄化触媒を調製した(図5)。本比較例4における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域触媒コート部21におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
基材として上記基材3を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の材料を用いて同様のプロセスを実施することにより、全長100%に対して上流側端部から長さ30%までの上流側領域にPdを含む触媒金属直接担持部24が形成され、下流側端部から長さ70%までの下流側領域にRhを含むRr領域触媒コート部22が形成された排ガス浄化触媒を調製した(図3)。本実施例4における触媒容積1Lあたりの触媒金属担持量は、Fr領域の触媒金属直接担持部24におけるPd担持量が約2g/Lであり、Rr領域触媒コート部22におけるRh担持量が約0.15g/Lであった。
上記得られた計8種の排ガス浄化触媒サンプルを使用してウォームアップ特性の評価試験を行った。
具体的には、試験台上に設置したガソリンエンジン(直列4気筒エンジン)の排気系統(排気管)にいずれかの排ガス浄化触媒を接続した。この排気系統には、排ガス浄化触媒が接続されていないバイパス管が並行して設けられており、バルブの切り替えによりガソリンエンジンから排出される排ガスを排ガス浄化触媒側に流すかバイパス管側に流すかを切り替え可能とした。
そして、所定の条件となるように、排ガス浄化触媒に導入される排ガスの温度を調整した。本評価試験では、空燃比をストイキ(ここでは14.6)に設定し、吸入空気量22g/秒で排ガスを生産し、約520℃の排ガスを排気系統に接続した排ガス浄化触媒に導入してプレ加熱処理を行った。
次いで、バルブを再び切り替え、排ガス浄化触媒が60℃となったときから500℃の排ガスの排ガス浄化触媒への導入を開始し、HC浄化率を測定した。そして、HC浄化率が50%に達するまでの秒数を測定し、ウォームアップ特性評価の指標とした。結果を図7~9のグラフに示す。上記基材1を使用した比較例1~2および実施例1~2についての結果を図7に示し、上記基材2を使用した比較例3および実施例3についての結果を図8に示し、上記基材3を使用した比較例4および実施例4についての結果を図9に示している。
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関から排出される排ガスの浄化を行う排ガス浄化触媒であって、
前記内燃機関の排気管に配置される基材であって、排ガスが導入される上流側端部から排ガスが排出される下流側端部に至る排ガス通路を有する基材と、
少なくとも一種の排ガス成分を酸化若しくは還元し得る触媒として機能する触媒金属を含み、前記基材の排ガス通路に形成された触媒担持部と、
を備えており、
前記触媒担持部は、
無機化合物粒子からなる担体と、該担体に担持された状態の少なくとも一種の前記触媒金属とを有する触媒コート部と、
前記担体を含まずに前記基材に直接担持された状態の少なくとも一種の前記触媒金属を有する触媒金属直接担持部と、
から構成されており、
ここで、前記触媒金属直接担持部は、少なくとも前記排ガス通路における前記上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域に形成されており、
前記触媒コート部は、前記排ガス通路における前記上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域には形成されておらず、該領域よりも下流側の領域にのみ形成されている、排ガス浄化触媒。 - 前記触媒金属直接担持部は、少なくとも前記上流側端部から前記排ガス通路全長の30%以上となる長さの領域に形成されている、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記触媒金属直接担持部は、前記上流側端部から所定の長さの上流側領域にのみ形成されており、該領域よりも下流側の前記触媒コート部が形成されている領域には形成されていない、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記触媒金属直接担持部は、前記下流側の前記触媒コート部が形成されている領域の少なくとも一部の領域にも形成されている、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記触媒金属直接担持部は前記触媒金属としてパラジウム(Pd)及び/又は白金(Pt)を含んでおり、前記触媒コート部は前記触媒金属としてロジウム(Rh)を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
- 前記基材は、通電により加熱され得る材質により形成されており、
通電加熱式触媒として構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス浄化触媒。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22824926.4A EP4338833A4 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-06-10 | EXHAUST GAS CONTROL CATALYST |
US18/569,653 US20240278217A1 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-06-10 | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021101313A JP2023000472A (ja) | 2021-06-18 | 2021-06-18 | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2021-101313 | 2021-06-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022264936A1 true WO2022264936A1 (ja) | 2022-12-22 |
Family
ID=84527526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/023454 WO2022264936A1 (ja) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-06-10 | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240278217A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4338833A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2023000472A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022264936A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4180120B1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2024-10-09 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003200062A (ja) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-07-15 | Denso Corp | 車両用触媒 |
JP2009138667A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒装置 |
JP2009275559A (ja) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電気加熱式触媒装置 |
JP2014001704A (ja) | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電気加熱式触媒コンバーター |
JP2020179348A (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-11-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2020185544A (ja) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
JP2021101313A (ja) | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-08 | 東芝テック株式会社 | 保守員管理システム |
-
2021
- 2021-06-18 JP JP2021101313A patent/JP2023000472A/ja active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-10 US US18/569,653 patent/US20240278217A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-10 EP EP22824926.4A patent/EP4338833A4/en active Pending
- 2022-06-10 WO PCT/JP2022/023454 patent/WO2022264936A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003200062A (ja) * | 2001-10-26 | 2003-07-15 | Denso Corp | 車両用触媒 |
JP2009138667A (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒装置 |
JP2009275559A (ja) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電気加熱式触媒装置 |
JP2014001704A (ja) | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電気加熱式触媒コンバーター |
JP2020179348A (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-11-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2020185544A (ja) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒装置 |
JP2021101313A (ja) | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-08 | 東芝テック株式会社 | 保守員管理システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP4338833A4 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4180120B1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2024-10-09 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4338833A1 (en) | 2024-03-20 |
JP2023000472A (ja) | 2023-01-04 |
US20240278217A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
EP4338833A4 (en) | 2024-10-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107073447B (zh) | 废气净化用催化剂 | |
CN102711960B (zh) | 分区催化烟灰过滤器 | |
JP7177143B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用途のための低ウォッシュコート充填量単層触媒 | |
US11187129B2 (en) | Exhaust gas purification catalyst | |
JP4935219B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
EP1793914A1 (en) | Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases | |
US11420189B2 (en) | Exhaust gas purification catalyst | |
EP3730203A1 (en) | Exhaust gas purification catalyst | |
JP5225687B2 (ja) | 触媒担体 | |
JP2009285605A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
CN112808279A (zh) | 排气净化用催化剂 | |
WO2022264936A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒 | |
JP2008151100A (ja) | 排ガス浄化装置 | |
JP3827143B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP4413366B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
WO2022030240A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
WO2023153116A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒装置 | |
JP2006068679A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP4817918B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒、排気ガス浄化用一体構造型触媒、及び排気ガス浄化方法 | |
JP2005246217A (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JPH10174878A (ja) | ディーゼルエンジン排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
CN118843509A (zh) | 排气净化用催化剂 | |
JP2005103538A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒及び排気ガス浄化用触媒システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22824926 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18569653 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2022824926 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022824926 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20231213 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |