WO2022255241A1 - 重水素化物及び有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
重水素化物及び有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022255241A1 WO2022255241A1 PCT/JP2022/021713 JP2022021713W WO2022255241A1 WO 2022255241 A1 WO2022255241 A1 WO 2022255241A1 JP 2022021713 W JP2022021713 W JP 2022021713W WO 2022255241 A1 WO2022255241 A1 WO 2022255241A1
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
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- H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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Definitions
- an organic electroluminescent device By applying a voltage to an organic electroluminescent device (called an organic EL device), holes are injected from the anode and electrons are injected from the cathode into the light-emitting layer. Then, in the light-emitting layer, the injected holes and electrons recombine to generate excitons. At this time, singlet excitons and triplet excitons are generated at a ratio of 1:3 according to the electron spin statistical law. It is said that the limit of the internal quantum efficiency of a fluorescent organic EL device that uses light emission by singlet excitons is 25%.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses an organic EL device that utilizes a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism utilizes a phenomenon in which singlet excitons are generated by the collision of two triplet excitons, and is theoretically thought to increase the internal quantum efficiency to 40%.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon of inverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons in materials with a small energy difference between the singlet and triplet levels. It is believed that it can be increased to 100%. However, as with phosphorescent devices, further improvement in lifetime characteristics is desired.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose the use of indolocarbazole compounds as host materials.
- Patent Document 5 discloses the use of a biscarbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Document 6 discloses the use of a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Documents 7 and 8 disclose the use of an indolocarbazole compound and a biscarbazole compound as a mixed host.
- Patent Document 9 discloses the use of a deuterated carbazole compound as a host material.
- Patent Documents 10 and 11 disclose the use of a host material premixed with a plurality of indolocarbazole compounds.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful organic EL element having a low driving voltage, high efficiency and a long life, and a compound suitable for the same.
- the present inventors have found that a compound represented by the following general formula (1), in which the hydrogen atoms on the two carbazole rings have a deuteration rate of 30% or more, is used in an organic EL device.
- the inventors have found that excellent properties are exhibited by using it, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is a deuteride in which the hydrogen atoms on the two carbazole rings in the compound represented by the general formula (1) have a deuteration rate of 30% or more.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings are linked.
- a linking aromatic group is shown, and the aromatic hydrocarbon groups in linking may be the same or different.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- Ar 3 and Ar 4 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic hydrocarbon group in which two of these aromatic rings are linked.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon groups may be the same or different when a group is shown and linked.
- L 1 and L 2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.
- x and y each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2, preferably each independently 0 to 1;
- Ar 7 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or 2 to 5 of these aromatic rings linked together It is a substituted or unsubstituted linked aromatic group, and the aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group when linked may be the same or different.
- L 3 is a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Each R is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- e to g are substitution numbers, e and g are integers of 0 to 4, and f is an integer of 0 to 2.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of an organic EL element
- an unsubstituted linked aromatic group preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, or a substituted or An unsubstituted linked aromatic group, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group in which 2 to 5 of these aromatic hydrocarbon groups are linked It is an unsubstituted linked aromatic group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon groups when the aromatic rings are linked may be the same or different.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 being unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon groups or linked aromatic groups include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, azulene, anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, and fluorene. , benzo[a]anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, hexacene, coronene, heptacene, or a group formed by removing one hydrogen from a compound composed of 2 to 5 of these linked together.
- the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or the linked aromatic group may each have a substituent.
- the substituent is preferably a halogen, a cyano group, a triarylsilyl group, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a diarylamino group having 12 to 44 carbon atoms.
- a linked aromatic group refers to an aromatic group in which the carbon atoms of the aromatic rings of two or more aromatic groups are linked by single bonds.
- These linking aromatic groups may be linear or branched.
- the connection position when benzene rings are connected to each other may be ortho, meta, or para, but para connection or meta connection is preferable.
- the aromatic group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and plural aromatic groups may be the same or different.
- the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms or the linked aromatic group in which two of these aromatic rings are linked include benzene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, azulene, anthracene, or these
- a group formed by removing one hydrogen from a compound formed by connecting two is mentioned.
- a phenyl group or a biphenyl group is preferred.
- the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably supported by a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used in organic EL elements, and can be made of, for example, glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like.
- the anode may be formed by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and then forming a pattern of a desired shape by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not very necessary (approximately 100 ⁇ m or more).
- a pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape during vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- a coatable substance such as an organic conductive compound
- a wet film forming method such as a printing method or a coating method may be used.
- the transmittance is desirably greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- first host and the second host are preferable to use as the hosts.
- first host represented by the general formula (1) one type may be used, or two or more different compounds may be used.
- second host represented by the general formula (3) one type may be used, or two or more different compounds may be used.
- one or a plurality of other known host materials may be used in combination, but the amount used should be 50 wt % or less, preferably 25 wt % or less, based on the total host materials.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燐光発光型の有機EL素子に関しては、長寿命化が技術的な課題となっている。
一方で特許文献2では、TADF(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)機構を利用した有機EL素子が開示されている。TADF機構は一重項準位と三重項準位のエネルギー差が小さい材料において三重項励起子から一重項励起子への逆項間交差が生じる現象を利用するものであり、理論上内部量子効率を100%まで高められると考えられている。しかしながら燐光発光型素子と同様に寿命特性の更なる改善が求められている。
しかしながら、素子の駆動電圧低減、発光効率の向上、長寿命化を図る上で、いずれも十分なものとは言えず、更なる改良が望まれている。
ここで、Ar3及びAr4はそれぞれ独立に、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~14の芳香族炭化水素基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2個連結してなる置換若しくは未置換の連結芳香族基を示し、連結する場合の芳香族炭化水素基は同一であっても異なっていてもよい。L1及びL2は置換若しくは未置換のフェニレン基を表す。x及びyはそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数を表し、好ましくはそれぞれ独立に0~1である。
上記式中のAr5、Ar6、Ar7、L3、X、R、e、f、及びgについて、前記一般式(3)と同意である。
好ましくは、発光層であり、発光層は少なくとも1種の発光性ドーパントを含有することがよい。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであればよく、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり発光層には発光性ドーパント材料とホストを含む。
前記一般式(1)で表される第1ホストは、1種を使用してもよく、2種以上の異なる化合物を使用してもよい。同様に、前記一般式(3)で表される第2ホストは1種を使用してもよく、2種以上の異なる化合物を使用してもよい。
必要により、他の公知のホスト材料を1種又は複数種類併用してもよいが、その使用量はホスト材料の合計に対し、50wt%以下、好ましくは25wt%以下とすることがよい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
次の反応に従い、化合物(2)を合成した。
化合物(1)(10.0g)に、重クロロホルムを150ml、塩化鉄(III)を30.5g加え、窒素雰囲気下、室温で12時間撹拌した。反応液にメタノールを300g加えて希釈し、分離、精製して重水素化物である白色固体の化合物(2)を2.9g得た。
次の反応に従い、化合物(3)を合成した。なお、化合物(2)は2つのカルバゾール環上の水素の重水素化率が100%の場合の構造式の例を示し、化合物(3)も同様である。
化合物(2)(3.5g)に、ブロモベンゼンを1.7g、m-キシレンを300ml、ビス(トリ-tert-ブチルホスフィン)パラジウムを0.3g、炭酸カリウムを7.0g加え、窒素雰囲気下、加熱還流下で5時間撹拌した。反応液を冷却後、分離、精製して重水素化物である白色固体の化合物(3)を2.0g得た。
次の反応に従い、化合物1-2aを合成した。なお、化合物1-2aは、2つのカルバゾール環上の水素の重水素化率が100%の場合の構造式の例を示す。
次の反応に従い、化合物1-2bを合成した。式中のDαは化合物1-2b中の全体の平均的な重水素の置換数を表す。
比較化合物A8.3gに、重ベンゼン(C6D6)を160ml、重トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA-d)を10.0g加え、窒素雰囲気下、50℃で6.5時間加熱撹拌した。反応液を炭酸ナトリウム(7.4g)の重水溶液(200ml)に加えて急冷し、分離、精製して重水素化物である白色固体の化合物1-2bを2.8g得た。1-2aと同様に1-2bの重水素化率を計算した結果、全体の重水素化率は25%あり、その内2つのカルバゾール環の水素の重水素化率は44%であった。
合成例1~4と同様にして反応を行い、重水素化物である化合物1-5、1-6を合成した。なお、以下の化合物1-5、1-6は、2つのカルバゾール環上の水素の重水素化率が100%の場合の構造式の例を示す。1-2aと同様に化合物1-5、1-6のそれぞれの重水素化率を計算した結果、化合物1-5、1-6ともに、全体の重水素化率は42%であり、その内2つのカルバゾール環の水素の重水素化率は96%であった。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてSpiro-TPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。次に、第1ホストとして化合物1-2aを、第2ホストとして化合物2-22を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホスト及び第2ホストの合計濃度が90wt%とし、尚且つ、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が70:30となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に電子輸送層としてET-1を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてLiFを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
第1ホスト及び第2ホストとして、表2に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
第1ホスト及び第2ホストとして、表2に示す化合物を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
第1ホストと第2ホストを表3に示す化合物を使用し、表3に示す重量比となるように量りとり、乳鉢ですり潰しながら混合することにより予備混合物を得た。この予備混合物を一つの蒸着源から蒸着した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
第1ホストと第2ホストを表3に示す化合物を使用し、表3に示す重量比となるように量りとり、乳鉢ですり潰しながら混合することにより予備混合物を得た。この予備混合物を一つの蒸着源から蒸着した以外は実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作成した。
Claims (9)
- 請求項1記載の重水素化物と下記一般式(3)で表される化合物とを混合した混合物。
- 請求項1記載の重水素化物と、前記一般式(3)で表される化合物との50%重量減少温度の差が20℃以内であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の混合物。
- 前記一般式(3)で示される化合物の割合が20wt%以上70wt%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の混合物。
- 陽極と陰極との間に複数の有機層を有する有機電界発光素子であって、該有機層の少なくとも1層に、請求項1に記載の重水素化物を含むか、又は、請求項3に記載の混合物を含むことを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
- 前記重水素化物又は混合物を含む有機層が、発光層、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子輸送層、電子注入層、正孔阻止層及び電子阻止層からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの層である請求項6に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記重水素化物又は混合物を含む有機層が発光層であり、該発光層が少なくとも1種の発光性ドーパントを含有する請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 陽極と陰極との間に複数の有機層を有する有機電界発光素子を製造する方法であって、有機層の一つが発光層であり、請求項3に記載の混合物を用意し、これを使用して一つの蒸着源から蒸着することで発光層を作製することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US18/286,947 US20240228496A1 (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-27 | Deuteride and organic electroluminescent element |
CN202280034678.4A CN117295715A (zh) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-05-27 | 氘化物及有机电场发光元件 |
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WO2024183732A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | 阜阳欣奕华材料科技有限公司 | 一种氘代组合物 |
WO2024183737A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-07 | 2024-09-12 | 阜阳欣奕华材料科技有限公司 | 一种氘代混合物 |
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CN117295715A (zh) | 2023-12-26 |
JPWO2022255241A1 (ja) | 2022-12-08 |
KR20240016253A (ko) | 2024-02-06 |
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