WO2022254999A1 - 半導体ダイオード - Google Patents
半導体ダイオード Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022254999A1 WO2022254999A1 PCT/JP2022/018621 JP2022018621W WO2022254999A1 WO 2022254999 A1 WO2022254999 A1 WO 2022254999A1 JP 2022018621 W JP2022018621 W JP 2022018621W WO 2022254999 A1 WO2022254999 A1 WO 2022254999A1
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- type semiconductor
- semiconductor
- diode
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- energy level
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 469
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 LiNbO 3 Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical group [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002328 LaMnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910005855 NiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004943 liquid phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000921 lithium phosphorous sulfides (LPS) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/861—Diodes
- H01L29/8611—Planar PN junction diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66083—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. two-terminal devices
- H01L29/6609—Diodes
- H01L29/66136—PN junction diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/861—Diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/861—Diodes
- H01L29/868—PIN diodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/861—Diodes
- H01L29/872—Schottky diodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to semiconductor diodes.
- a typical semiconductor diode includes a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, and an insulating layer provided between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor.
- a semiconductor diode has a rectifying characteristic that allows current to flow only in one direction, and is used as a rectifying element.
- the above semiconductor diode is provided with TiOx as a P-type semiconductor, NiOx as an N-type semiconductor, and SiN as an insulating layer.
- TiOx as a P-type semiconductor
- NiOx as an N-type semiconductor
- SiN as an insulating layer.
- a semiconductor diode as a charge storage device as described above is still in the research stage, and an increase in charge storage capacity is expected.
- An object of the present invention is to increase the charge storage capacity of a semiconductor diode.
- a semiconductor diode comprising a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor having a bandgap smaller than that of the P-type semiconductor, and the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor provided between the a P-type semiconductor and an insulator having a bandgap larger than that of the N-type semiconductor, wherein a difference in bandgap between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is 1 eV or more, and the P-type semiconductor and the insulator is 1 eV or less.
- a semiconductor diode comprising: a P-type semiconductor; an N-type semiconductor having a bandgap larger than that of the P-type semiconductor; an insulator having a bandgap larger than that of the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor, wherein a difference in bandgap between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is 1 eV or more, and the N-type semiconductor and the insulator is 1 eV or less.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a semiconductor diode according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a band diagram when the semiconductor diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention is open.
- FIG. 3 is a band diagram showing a forward bias voltage applied to the semiconductor diode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a semiconductor diode according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a band diagram of the open-circuit semiconductor diode according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a band diagram of the semiconductor diode according to the second embodiment of the present invention when a forward bias voltage is applied.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a band diagram of the semiconductor diode of the comparative example when it is open.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a band diagram in a state where a forward bias voltage is applied to the semiconductor diode of
- a semiconductor diode 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the semiconductor diode 100 is used as a charge storage device that stores and releases charge.
- a semiconductor diode 100 includes a P-type semiconductor 1, an N-type semiconductor 2, an insulator 3 provided between the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2, and an N-type semiconductor 2 electrically connected to each other. and a second electrode 5 electrically connected to the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- the semiconductor diode 100 is formed by laminating a first electrode 4, an N-type semiconductor 2, an insulator 3, a P-type semiconductor 1, and a second electrode 5 in this order.
- a wide bandgap oxide semiconductor such as NiO is used for the P-type semiconductor 1
- a single element semiconductor such as N-type silicon (n-Si) is used for the N-type semiconductor 2
- LiNbO 3 is used for the insulator 3 .
- a perovskite compound such as is used.
- the surface of the N-type semiconductor 2 facing the insulator 3 is formed in an uneven shape.
- the first electrode 4 is a metal thin film such as stainless steel, and has the functions of both a base material and an electrode.
- the second electrode 5 is a metal thin film such as Al or Cu.
- the N-type semiconductor 2 is formed on the first electrode 4 by CVD or sputtering.
- the formed N-type semiconductor 2 is selectively anisotropically etched by lithography or imprinting to form irregularities on the surface.
- an insulator 3 is deposited on the N-type semiconductor 2 having the unevenness by CVD, sputtering, or EB vapor deposition, and a P-type semiconductor 1 is similarly deposited on the insulator 3 by CVD, sputtering, or EB vapor deposition.
- the second electrode 5 is formed from a metal thin film such as Al or Cu. This forms the PIN diode structure of the semiconductor diode 100 .
- each of the N-type semiconductor 2, the P-type semiconductor 1, and the insulator 3 is powdered. It is also possible to use a method in which the layers are laminated in order and then compressed. In addition, there is a method in which layers formed by compressing each layer powder are stacked and then compressed, and a binder material is added to each powder of the N-type semiconductor 2, the P-type semiconductor 1, and the insulator 3 and coated. A method of stacking and forming by a construction method is also possible.
- FIG. 2 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 100 when it is open
- FIG. 3 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 100 when a forward bias voltage is applied from the outside.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a band diagram in a state in which the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 are joined (PN junction)
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a band diagram when a positive voltage is applied to the P-type semiconductor 1;
- FIG. 2 and 3 show a bandgap 11 of the P-type semiconductor 1 (NiO), a bandgap 12 of the N-type semiconductor 2 (n-Si), and a bandgap 13 of the insulator 3 (LiNbO 3 ).
- the Fermi level Ef see FIG. 2
- the energy level Vf of the forward bias voltage see FIG. 3
- the energy level of the conduction band is at the upper end of each bandgap, and the energy level of the valence band is at the lower end.
- the energy level of each material is measured by observing photoelectrons and thermoelectrons.
- the bandgap 11 of the P-type semiconductor 1 (NiO) is large, specifically 3.7 eV.
- the bandgap 12 of the N-type semiconductor 2 (n-Si) is small, specifically 1.12 eV.
- the difference between the bandgaps 11 and 12 of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 is 1 eV or more.
- the bandgap 13 of the insulator 3 (LiNbO 3 ) is 3.9 eV.
- the insulator 3 has a band gap close to that of the P-type semiconductor 1, and the difference between the band gaps 13 and 11 between the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 1 is 1 eV or less.
- the insulator 3 has a larger bandgap than the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 .
- a depletion layer (or electric double layer) is formed on the junction surface.
- An electric field is generated in the depletion layer, and a potential difference (built-in potential) is generated between both ends of the depletion layer, in other words, between the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2, as shown in FIG.
- a potential difference built-in potential
- the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 is lower than that of the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- the conduction band energy of the N-type semiconductor 2 is lower (negative) than the conduction band energy of the P-type semiconductor 1 . Therefore, the energy barrier is high when electrons in the N-type semiconductor 2 move into the P-type semiconductor 1, and electrons cannot move from the N-type semiconductor 2 to the P-type semiconductor 1 over the energy barrier. blocked.
- the semiconductor diode 100 holes move from the P-type semiconductor 1 to the N-type semiconductor 2 via the insulator 3, thereby causing a forward current (drift current) to flow.
- the bandgaps of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 are different (specifically, the difference is 1 eV or more). Therefore, as described above, when a forward bias voltage is applied, the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 1 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 2, and the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 2 The energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1 can be lower than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 in the semiconductor diode 100 is such that the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 is
- the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1 is higher than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1
- the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 1 is higher than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 2 .
- the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 are arranged such that the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 is higher than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1 when a forward current is flowing. and the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 1 is set to be higher than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 2 .
- the semiconductor diode 100 when the forward current flows as described above, some holes are trapped in the insulator 3 and at the interface between the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2. (accumulation layer). As a result, charges are accumulated in the semiconductor diode 100 as a charge storage element, and the semiconductor diode 100 is charged. When the application of the forward bias voltage is stopped and an external load is connected to the semiconductor diode 100, the holes accumulated in the trap level are released to the outside, and the semiconductor diode 100 is discharged.
- Semiconductor diode 300 includes P-type semiconductor 201 , N-type semiconductor 202 , and insulator 203 provided between P-type semiconductor 201 and N-type semiconductor 202 . Since the overall configuration of the semiconductor diode 300 is the same as that of the semiconductor diode 100, its illustration is omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, NiO x is used for the P-type semiconductor 201 and the bandgap 211 is 3.7 eV. TiO x is used for the N-type semiconductor 202, and the bandgap 212 is 3.2 eV.
- the P-type semiconductor 201 and the N-type semiconductor 202 have bandgaps close to each other, and the difference between the bandgaps 211 and 212 of the P-type semiconductor 201 and the N-type semiconductor 202 is smaller than 1 eV.
- SiN is used for the insulator 203, and the bandgap 213 is 4.9 eV.
- FIG. 7 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 300 when it is open
- FIG. 8 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 300 when a forward bias voltage is externally applied.
- 7 and 8 show a bandgap 211 of the P-type semiconductor 201 (NiO x ), a bandgap 212 of the N-type semiconductor 202 (TiO x ), and a bandgap 213 of the insulator 203 (SiN).
- the Fermi level Ef see FIG. 7
- the energy level Vf of the forward bias voltage see FIG. 8 are also shown.
- the band gaps of the P-type semiconductor 201 and the N-type semiconductor 202 are close (specifically, the difference is 0.5 eV). Therefore, like the semiconductor diode 100, when a forward bias voltage is applied, the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 201 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 202, and the N-type It is difficult to make the energy level of the conduction band of the semiconductor 202 lower than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 201 .
- a trap level is formed, for example, by introducing silicon compound particles into an N-type oxide semiconductor and a P-type oxide semiconductor.
- the semiconductor diode 100 since the band gaps of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 are different, the holes move as described above and a forward current flows. Holes are trapped in the insulator 3 or trap levels generated at the interface between the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 . As a result, the recombination of the moving holes with the electrons is prevented, so that the holes are prevented from recombination with the electrons and disappearing before being captured by the trap level. Therefore, holes can be efficiently captured and stored in the trap level, and the charge storage capacity of the semiconductor diode 100 can be increased. Thus, in the semiconductor diode 100, the charge storage capacity can be increased without impairing the thin shape that is characteristic of the charge storage element.
- the forward bias voltage is further increased from the state shown in FIG. 3, the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 becomes higher than the energy levels of the conduction bands of the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 1 . Therefore, electrons start to move from the N-type semiconductor 2 to the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- the forward current cannot be limited to the movement of holes, and it becomes more difficult to accumulate charges in the semiconductor diode 100 than in the state where the forward current flows due to the movement of holes.
- the semiconductor diode 100 has an upper limit to the forward bias voltage that can be applied.
- the upper limit of the forward bias voltage is the maximum voltage at which the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 is lower than the higher energy level of the conduction band of the insulator 3 or the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- the upper limit of the forward bias voltage can be increased. Accumulation of charge in semiconductor diode 100 ends when an amount of charge that relaxes the external forward bias voltage is trapped in the trap level. Therefore, the amount of charge stored in the semiconductor diode 100 can be further increased by increasing the forward bias voltage from the outside while allowing a forward current to flow through the semiconductor diode 100 due to the movement of holes.
- the positive voltage applied from the outside is 1 V or more in a state where the forward current flows due to the movement of holes.
- the band gaps 11 and 13 of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the insulator 3 are larger than the band gap 12 of the N-type semiconductor 2 by 1 eV or more, and the difference between the band gaps 11 and 13 of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the insulator 3 is 1 eV.
- the following are preferable.
- the semiconductor diode 100 can be applied to the semiconductor electronic device. can be sufficiently operated. However, the semiconductor diode 100 may receive an externally applied positive voltage of less than 1 V in a state in which a forward current flows due to movement of holes. Regardless of whether the voltage accumulated in the semiconductor diode 100 is small or large, a large voltage can be ensured by connecting a plurality of semiconductor diodes 100 in series.
- the surface of the N-type semiconductor 2 facing the insulator 3 is formed in an uneven shape. Accordingly, by increasing the surface area of the interface between the N-type semiconductor 2 and the insulator 3, the charge storage capacity of the trap level is increased, and the amount of charge stored in the semiconductor diode 100 can be further increased.
- the surface area of the interface between the N-type semiconductor 2 and the insulator 3 may be increased by anodizing the surface of the N-type semiconductor 2 facing the insulator 3 to make it porous (porous silicon).
- the surface of the N-type semiconductor 2 facing the insulator 3 may be modified at the atomic level by ion beam implantation, ion milling, plasma irradiation, or the like. Further, the surface of the N-type semiconductor 2 facing the insulator 3 may not have an uneven shape or a porous shape.
- the semiconductor diode 100 uses an oxide semiconductor with a wide bandgap such as NiO for the P-type semiconductor 1 .
- a single element semiconductor such as n-Si is used for the N-type semiconductor 2, and a perovskite compound such as LiNbO 3 is used for the insulator 3.
- the configuration of the P-type semiconductor 1 , the N-type semiconductor 2, and the insulator 3 is not limited to this. good too.
- the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 2 is higher than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 1, and the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 1 is higher than that of the P-type semiconductor 1.
- the energy level should be higher than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 2 . With this configuration, it is possible to prevent holes from recombination with electrons and disappear before they are captured by the trap level, thereby increasing the charge storage capacity of the semiconductor diode 100 .
- the semiconductor diode 100 since the band gaps of the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 are different, it is possible to create a state in which holes move and a forward current flows. As a result, holes are trapped in the insulator 3 and trap levels generated at the interface between the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 . Therefore, holes are prevented from recombination with electrons and disappearing before they are captured by the trap level. Therefore, holes can be efficiently captured and stored in the trap level, and the charge storage capacity of the semiconductor diode 100 can be increased without impairing the thin shape.
- the semiconductor diode 100 can sufficiently operate the semiconductor electronic device by applying a positive voltage of 1 V or more from the outside in a state in which a forward current flows due to movement of holes. In addition, even if the positive voltage applied from the outside is less than 1 V in a state in which a forward current flows due to the movement of holes, the semiconductor diode 100 can generate a large voltage by connecting a plurality of the semiconductor diodes 100 in series. can be secured.
- semiconductor diode 200 includes P-type semiconductor 101 , N-type semiconductor 102 , insulator 3 provided between P-type semiconductor 101 and N-type semiconductor 102 , and P-type semiconductor 101 . and a second electrode 105 electrically connected to the N-type semiconductor 102 .
- the semiconductor diode 100 uses NiO for the P-type semiconductor 1 and n-Si or the like for the N-type semiconductor 2.
- the bandgap 12 of the type semiconductor 2 is small.
- the semiconductor diode 200 includes a single-element semiconductor such as P-type silicon (p-Si) as the P-type semiconductor 101 and TiO as the N-type semiconductor 102.
- An oxide semiconductor is used, the band gaps 112 and 13 of the N-type semiconductor 102 and the insulator 3 are large, and the band gap 111 of the P-type semiconductor 101 is small.
- the semiconductor diode 200 is formed by laminating a first electrode 104, a P-type semiconductor 101, an insulator 3, an N-type semiconductor 102, and a second electrode 105 in this order.
- the P-type semiconductor 101 is formed on the first electrode 104 by CVD or sputtering.
- a lithography method or an imprint method is applied to the formed P-type semiconductor 101 to form unevenness on the surface.
- the insulator 3 is deposited on the P-type semiconductor 101 having the unevenness by CVD, sputtering, or EB vapor deposition, and the N-type semiconductor 102 is similarly deposited on the insulator 3 by CVD, sputtering, or EB vapor deposition.
- the second electrode 105 is formed from a metal thin film such as Al or Cu. This forms the PIN diode structure of the semiconductor diode 200 .
- FIG. 5 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 200 when it is open
- FIG. 6 shows a band diagram of the semiconductor diode 200 when a forward bias voltage is applied from the outside.
- 5 and 6 show a bandgap 111 of the P-type semiconductor 101 (p-Si), a bandgap 112 of the N-type semiconductor 102 (TiO), and a bandgap 13 of the insulator 3 (LiNbO 3 ).
- the Fermi level Ef see FIG. 5
- the energy level Vf of the forward bias voltage see FIG. 6 are also shown.
- the bandgap 111 of the P-type semiconductor 101 is 1.12 eV
- the bandgap 112 of the N-type semiconductor 102 is 3.2 eV.
- the difference between the bandgaps 111 and 112 of the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 is 1 eV or more.
- the bandgap 13 of the insulator 3 (LiNbO 3 ) is 3.9 eV, and the difference between the bandgaps 112 and 13 of the N-type semiconductor 102 and the insulator 3 is 1 eV or less.
- the insulator 3 has a larger bandgap than the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 .
- the energy barrier is high when holes in the P-type semiconductor 101 move into the N-type semiconductor 102 through the insulator 3, and the movement of holes from the P-type semiconductor 101 to the N-type semiconductor 102 is Cut off due to inability to overcome the energy barrier.
- the semiconductor diode 200 electrons move and a forward current flows.
- the bandgaps of the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 are different (specifically, the difference is 1 eV or more). Therefore, as described above, when a forward bias voltage is applied, the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 102 is higher than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 101, and the valence of the P-type semiconductor 101 is high.
- the energy level of the electron band can be higher than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102 .
- the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 101 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102 when the forward current is flowing.
- the energy level of the conduction band is lower than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 101 .
- the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 101 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102 in the state where the forward current is flowing between the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 .
- the energy level of the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 102 is set to be lower than the energy level of the conduction band of the P-type semiconductor 101 .
- the semiconductor diode 200 since the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 have different bandgaps, electrons move and a forward current flows. Therefore, electrons are trapped in the insulator 3 and trap levels generated at the interface between the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 101 and the N-type semiconductor 102 . Therefore, as in the semiconductor diode 100, electrons are prevented from recombination with holes and disappearing before they are captured by the trap level. can do. Therefore, the charge storage capacity of the semiconductor diode 200 can be increased.
- the forward bias voltage is further increased from the state shown in FIG. 6, the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102 becomes higher than the energy levels of the valence bands of the insulator 3 and the P-type semiconductor 101 . Therefore, holes start to move from the N-type semiconductor 102 to the P-type semiconductor 101 .
- the forward current cannot be limited to that caused by the movement of electrons, and it becomes difficult to accumulate charges in the semiconductor diode 200 compared to the state in which the forward current flows due to the movement of electrons.
- the semiconductor diode 200 has an upper limit to the forward bias voltage that can be applied.
- the upper limit of the forward bias voltage is the maximum voltage at which the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 101 is higher than the energy level of the lower valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102 or the insulator 3 .
- the positive voltage externally applied to the semiconductor diode 200 is preferably 1 V or more in a state in which a forward current flows due to movement of electrons.
- the band gaps 112 and 13 of the N-type semiconductor 102 and the insulator 3 are larger than the band gap 111 of the P-type semiconductor 101 by 1 eV or more, and the difference between the band gaps 112 and 13 of the N-type semiconductor 102 and the insulator 3 is 1 eV.
- the semiconductor diode 200 may receive an externally applied positive voltage of less than 1 V in a state in which a forward current flows due to movement of electrons.
- the surface of the P-type semiconductor 101 facing the insulator 3 is formed in an uneven shape.
- the charge storage capacity of the trap level is increased and the amount of charge stored in the semiconductor diode 200 is increased, similarly to the semiconductor diode 100. can be done.
- the surface area of the interface between the P-type semiconductor 101 and the insulator 3 may be increased by anodizing the surface of the P-type semiconductor 101 facing the insulator 3 to make it porous (porous silicon).
- the surface of the P-type semiconductor 101 facing the insulator 3 may be modified at the atomic level by ion beam implantation, ion milling, plasma irradiation, or the like. Further, the surface of the P-type semiconductor 101 facing the insulator 3 may not have an uneven shape or a porous shape.
- the semiconductor diode 200 uses p-Si for the P-type semiconductor 101 , TiO for the N-type semiconductor 102 , and LiNbO 3 for the insulator 3 .
- the configurations of the P-type semiconductor 101, the N- type semiconductor 102 , and the insulator 3 are not limited to this. may be used.
- the semiconductor diode 200 when a forward current is flowing, the energy level of the valence band of the P-type semiconductor 101 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102, and the conduction band of the N-type semiconductor 102 is lower than the energy level of the valence band of the N-type semiconductor 102.
- the semiconductor diodes 100 and 200 use LiNbO 3 or the like for the insulator 3 .
- a compound having a perovskite structure and piezoelectric properties such as a lithium-based perovskite compound such as Li3PS4 or LiBH4 or a manganese-based perovskite compound such as LaMnO3, may be used.
- physical pressure is applied to the P-type semiconductor 1 and the N-type semiconductor 2 by an internal electric field generated when electric charges are accumulated in the semiconductor diodes 100 and 200, thereby increasing the mobility of electrons and holes.
- the rate at which electrons and holes are trapped in the trap levels increases. Therefore, the amount of charge accumulated in the semiconductor diodes 100 and 200 can be increased.
- the semiconductor diodes 100, 200 comprise P-type semiconductors 1, 101, N-type semiconductors 2, 102, and insulators 3. Additionally or alternatively, the semiconductor diodes 100, 200 may be provided with a zero bandgap semiconductor material, such as a graphene layer.
- the graphene layer is provided between the N-type semiconductor 2 and the insulator 3 or replaces the N-type semiconductor and is provided between the P-type semiconductor 101 and the insulator 3 or the P-type semiconductor be replaced as In other words, the graphene layer is provided between one of the P-type semiconductor 1, 101 and the N-type semiconductor 2, 102 with a smaller bandgap and the insulator 3, or replaces the semiconductor with a smaller bandgap.
- the graphene layer is formed by, for example, forming phosphorus (P)-doped graphene on the N-type semiconductor 2 by CVD or a liquid phase epitaxy method, or by forming the N-type semiconductor directly on the substrate electrode. It is also possible to change. In this configuration, the external forward bias voltage can be increased in a state in which a forward current flows due to movement of electrons and holes, and the amount of charge stored in the semiconductor diodes 100 and 200 can be increased.
- the semiconductor diodes 100, 200 are used as charge storage elements to store and release charges.
- the charge storage element is, for example, an element that supplies electric charge to other semiconductor elements or the like on a substrate, or a secondary battery that supplies electric charge to other electronic equipment or the like.
- a wide bandgap semiconductor and a small bandgap semiconductor are combined so that the difference is 1 eV or more.
- a PIN diode structure composed of an insulating layer with a bandgap relatively close to the bandgap of a semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor with a small bandgap, or an N-type semiconductor with a wide bandgap and a bandgap relatively close to the bandgap of the semiconductor.
- It has a PIN diode structure composed of an insulating layer close to and a P-type semiconductor with a small bandgap, and the bandgap is increased so as to increase the surface area of the interface between the insulating layer of the PIN diode and the semiconductor with a small bandgap of the PIN diode.
- the probability that the electron drift current and the hole drift current recombine in the PIN diode is reduced, and the trap level in the PIN diode is efficiently Essentially, it becomes possible to accumulate charges due to holes or charges due to electrons.
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Abstract
Description
図1~3を参照して、本発明の第1実施形態に係る半導体ダイオード100について説明する。半導体ダイオード100は、電荷を蓄積及び放出する電荷蓄積素子として使用される。
次に、図4~6を参照して、本発明の第2実施形態に係る半導体ダイオード200について説明する。以下では、上記第1実施形態と異なる点を中心に説明する。
上記実施形態では、半導体ダイオード100,200は、絶縁体3にLiNbO3等が用いられる。しかしながら、絶縁体3としてLi3PS4またはLiBH4等のリチウム系ペロブスカイト化合物やLaMnO3等のマンガン系ペロブスカイト化合物等の、ペロブスカイト構造を有し圧電特性を持つ化合物を用いてもよい。この構成では、半導体ダイオード100,200に電荷が蓄積される際に生じる内部電界により、P型半導体1及びN型半導体2に物理的な圧力が加わることで、電子及び正孔の移動度が増加し、電子及び正孔が捕獲準位に捕獲される速度が増加する。よって、半導体ダイオード100,200の蓄積電荷量をより増加させることができる。
上記実施形態では、半導体ダイオード100,200は、P型半導体1,101と、N型半導体2,102と、絶縁体3と、を備える。これに加えて、もしくはこれに代えて、半導体ダイオード100,200にグラフェン層等のゼロバンドギャップ半導体材料が設けられてもよい。この場合は、グラフェン層は、N型半導体2と絶縁体3の間に設けられるか、N型半導体として置き替えられる、及びP型半導体101と絶縁体3の間に設けられか、P型半導体として置き替えられる。言い換えれば、グラフェン層は、P型半導体1,101及びN型半導体2,102のうちバンドギャップの小さい方と、絶縁体3と、の間に設けられるもしくはバンドギャップの小さい半導体と置き換わる。また、グラフェン層は、例えば、リン(P)をドープしたグラフェンをCVDや液相成長法でN型半導体2の上に形成したり、直接基材電極上に形成することでN型半導体を置き替えることも可能である。この構成では、電子及び正孔の移動によって順方向電流が流れる状態における外部からの順方向バイアス電圧をより高くすることができ、半導体ダイオード100,200の蓄積電荷量をより増加させることができる。
上記実施形態では、半導体ダイオード100,200は、電荷を蓄積及び放出する電荷蓄積素子として使用される。電荷蓄積素子は、例えば、基板上の他の半導体素子等に電荷を供給する素子や、他の電子機器等に電荷を供給する二次電池である。
Claims (9)
- P型半導体と、
前記P型半導体よりもバンドギャップの小さいN型半導体と、
前記P型半導体と前記N型半導体の間に設けられ前記P型半導体及び前記N型半導体よりもバンドギャップの大きい絶縁体と、を備え、
前記P型半導体と前記N型半導体のバンドギャップの差が1eV以上であり、
前記P型半導体と前記絶縁体とのバンドギャップの差が1eV以下である半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項1に記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記半導体ダイオードの外部から前記N型半導体を基準として前記P型半導体に正の電圧を加えた状態では、
前記N型半導体の伝導帯のエネルギー準位が、前記P型半導体の伝導帯のエネルギー準位より大きくなるように設定されるとともに、
前記P型半導体の価電子帯のエネルギー準位は、前記N型半導体の価電子帯のエネルギー準位より大きくなるように設定される半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項1または2に記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記P型半導体には酸化物半導体が用いられ、
前記N型半導体にはN型の単元素半導体もしくはN型でバンドギャップがゼロである半導体が用いられる半導体ダイオード。 - P型半導体と、
前記P型半導体よりもバンドギャップの大きいN型半導体と、
前記P型半導体と前記N型半導体の間に設けられ前記P型半導体及び前記N型半導体よりもバンドギャップの大きい絶縁体と、を備え、
前記P型半導体と前記N型半導体のバンドギャップの差が1eV以上であり、
前記N型半導体と前記絶縁体とのバンドギャップの差が1eV以下である半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項4に記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記半導体ダイオードの外部から前記N型半導体を基準として前記P型半導体に正の電圧を加えた状態では、
前記P型半導体の価電子帯のエネルギー準位は、前記N型半導体の価電子帯のエネルギー準位より小さくなるように設定されるとともに、
前記N型半導体の伝導帯のエネルギー準位は、前記P型半導体の伝導帯のエネルギー準位より小さくなるように設定される半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項4または5に記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記P型半導体にはP型の単元素半導体もしくはP型でバンドギャップがゼロである半導体が用いられ、
前記N型半導体には酸化物半導体が用いられる半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一つに記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記外部から加えられる正の電圧が1V以上である半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか一つに記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記P型半導体または前記N型半導体における前記絶縁体と対向する面は、凹凸形状もしくは多孔質形状に形成される半導体ダイオード。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の半導体ダイオードであって、
前記絶縁体には、LiNbO3、Li3PS4、またはLiBH4等のリチウム系ペロブスカイト系化合物、もしくはLaMnO3等のマンガン系ペロブスカイト化合物が用いられる半導体ダイオード。
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