WO2022254640A1 - 波長変換装置 - Google Patents
波長変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022254640A1 WO2022254640A1 PCT/JP2021/021102 JP2021021102W WO2022254640A1 WO 2022254640 A1 WO2022254640 A1 WO 2022254640A1 JP 2021021102 W JP2021021102 W JP 2021021102W WO 2022254640 A1 WO2022254640 A1 WO 2022254640A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1223—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths high refractive index type, i.e. high-contrast waveguides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/39—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
- G02F1/392—Parametric amplification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
- G02F1/3546—Active phase matching, e.g. by electro- or thermo-optic tuning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
- G02F1/377—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wavelength conversion device, and more particularly to a mounting structure of a wavelength conversion element of a wavelength conversion device.
- Wavelength conversion technology is attracting a great deal of attention in applications requiring a wavelength range that cannot be directly output by a semiconductor laser, or a wavelength range that requires a high output intensity that cannot be obtained by a semiconductor laser even if the semiconductor laser can output directly.
- an optical waveguide using periodically poled lithium niobate (hereinafter referred to as PPLN) has increased light intensity by using a waveguide and high wavelength conversion efficiency by using a quasi-phase matching technology. It is a feasible device and can be used in a wide range of optical wavelength bands from ultraviolet to visible, infrared, and terahertz for applications such as optical signal wavelength conversion in optical communication, optical processing, medical care, and biotechnology. Expected.
- optical waveguides using PPLN can be used to fabricate parametric amplification elements and pumping light generation elements that constitute a phase sensitive amplifier (PSA) capable of low-noise optical amplification, resulting in high-gain, low-noise optical amplification characteristics.
- PSA phase sensitive amplifier
- an optical coherent Ising machine device has been realized by inserting an optical waveguide using PPLN into a fiber ring resonator and using it as a parametric oscillation element, which is extremely superior to conventional computers.
- ⁇ k causes a phase difference of ⁇ k L .
- L c ⁇ /(
- the coherence length at which attenuation begins must be longer than the propagating crystal length.
- n 3 / ⁇ 3 n 1 / ⁇ 1 +n 2 / ⁇ 2 (equation 6)
- n 1 , n 2 , n 3 are refractive indices of second-order nonlinear materials propagating at respective wavelengths: ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 (each frequency: ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 ). This means that the weighted average of n1 and n2 is equal to n3 , with frequency as the weight.
- the phase matching condition is satisfied when the refractive indices of the fundamental wave and the second harmonic wave are equal.
- the refractive index dispersion due to the crystal orientation of a birefringent crystal anisotropic for linearly polarized light
- the refraction due to an optically active substance anisotropic for circularly polarized light
- Methods using index dispersion and (3) using anomalous dispersion due to resonance are being studied.
- (1) is most widely used because it is easy to control by angle and temperature.
- this angle matching method has the problem that the maximum nonlinear constant of the nonlinear optical crystal cannot be used.
- optical waveguides and photonic crystals which control the structure of light propagation, have material dispersion based on the refractive index, structural dispersion dependent on the size and shape of the cross section, and modal dispersion dependent on the mode order. It has the advantage that the degree of freedom of phase velocity control is remarkably expanded.
- Equation (8) is the phase matching condition for quasi-phase matching (QPM).
- QPM quasi-phase matching
- this quasi-phase matching method can use the material orientation that is the maximum component of the nonlinear susceptibility of a second-order nonlinear crystal, etc., and can set the operating wavelength range by selecting the inversion period.
- this quasi-phase matching method can use the material orientation that is the maximum component of the nonlinear susceptibility of a second-order nonlinear crystal, etc., and can set the operating wavelength range by selecting the inversion period.
- by forming an optical waveguide light can be confined in a narrow area with high density and propagated over a long distance, so that highly efficient wavelength conversion has been realized so far.
- a wavelength conversion element performs wavelength conversion
- a quasi-phase matching technique there is a method of fabricating a proton exchange waveguide using a periodically poled structure after forming a crystal (hereinafter referred to as a nonlinear optical crystal) substrate that exhibits a nonlinear optical effect into a periodically poled structure.
- a method of fabricating a ridge-type optical waveguide using a photolithography process and a dry etching process after forming a nonlinear optical crystal substrate into a periodically poled structure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an example of fabricating a ridge-type optical waveguide among these.
- a first substrate of a nonlinear optical crystal having a periodically poled structure and a refractive index lower than that of the first substrate are disclosed. It is described that a wavelength conversion element is produced by bonding together a second substrate.
- the same kind of nonlinear optical crystal as the first substrate is used as the second substrate, and the first substrate and the second substrate are separated. It is described that heat is applied to the substrate for diffusion bonding.
- an identification/regeneration optical repeater In order to regenerate an optical signal that has been attenuated by propagating an optical fiber, an identification/regeneration optical repeater is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, identify the digital signal, and then regenerate the optical signal. was used.
- this identification and regeneration optical repeater has problems such as the response speed of the electronic component that converts the optical signal into an electrical signal is limited, and power consumption increases as the speed of the transmitted signal increases. .
- PSA Phase Sensitive Amplifier
- the PSA has a function of shaping the signal light waveform and phase signal that have deteriorated due to the influence of the dispersion of the transmission fiber.
- the PSA can suppress spontaneous emission light having a quadrature phase irrelevant to the signal and can minimize the in-phase spontaneous emission light, the S/N of the signal light is degraded before and after amplification. In principle, it is possible to maintain the same
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the basic configuration of a conventional PSA.
- a phase sensitive optical amplifier (PSA) 100 as a whole includes a phase sensitive optical amplifier section 101 using optical parametric amplification, an excitation light source 102, an excitation light phase control section 103, first and It is composed of second optical branching units 104a and 104b.
- the signal light 110 input to the PSA 100 is split into two by the optical splitter 104a, one of which enters the phase sensitive optical amplifier 101 and the other enters the excitation light source 102.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the basic configuration of a conventional PSA.
- a phase sensitive optical amplifier (PSA) 100 as a whole includes a phase sensitive optical amplifier section 101 using optical parametric amplification, an excitation light source 102, an excitation light phase control section 103, first and It is composed of second optical branching units 104a and 104b.
- the signal light 110 input to the PSA 100 is split into two by the optical splitter
- Pumping light 111 emitted from the pumping light source 102 is phase-adjusted through the pumping light phase controller 103 and enters the phase sensitive light amplifier 101 .
- the phase sensitive optical amplifier 101 outputs an output signal light 112 based on the input signal light 110 and pumping light 111 .
- nonlinear optical medium for performing the optical parametric amplification a method using a second-order nonlinear optical material typified by the aforementioned periodically poled LiNbO 3 (Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate: PPLN) waveguide, and a method using a second-order nonlinear optical material typified by silica glass fiber A method using a third-order nonlinear optical material is known.
- a method using a second-order nonlinear optical material typified by the aforementioned periodically poled LiNbO 3 (Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate: PPLN) waveguide
- PPLN Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate
- the phase-sensitive optical amplifier 101 amplifies the signal light 110 when the phase of the incident signal light 110 and the phase of the pumping light 111 match. It has damping properties. If the phases of the pumping light 111 and the signal light 110 are matched so that the amplification gain is maximized by using this characteristic, spontaneous emission light in quadrature phase with the signal light 110 will not be generated, and the in-phase component will not be generated. Spontaneous emission light exceeding the noise of the signal light 110 is not generated. Therefore, it becomes possible to amplify the signal light 110 without degrading the S/N.
- the pumping light phase control unit 103 pumps so as to synchronize with the phase of the signal light 110 branched by the first optical branching unit 104a. Control the phase of the light 111 .
- the pumping light phase control unit 103 detects part of the output signal light 112 branched by the second optical branching unit 104b with a narrow band detector, and the amplification gain of the output signal light 112 is maximized.
- the phase of the excitation light 111 is controlled as follows. As a result, the phase sensitive optical amplifier 101 achieves optical amplification without degradation of S/N based on the above principle.
- the pumping light phase control unit 103 may be configured to directly control the phase of the pumping light source 102 instead of controlling the phase of the pumping light 111 on the output side of the pumping light source 102 . Further, when the light source that generates the signal light 110 is arranged near the phase-sensitive optical amplifier 101, the amount of phase fluctuation becomes small, so that part of the signal light light source is branched and directly used as pumping light. can also
- PSA phase sensitive optical amplifier
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional PSA using a PPLN waveguide disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 and the like.
- the PSA 200 shown in FIG. 10 includes an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) 201, first and second second-order nonlinear optical elements 202 and 204, and first and second optical splitters.
- EDFA erbium-doped fiber amplifier
- the first second order nonlinear optical element 202 comprises a first spatial optical system 211 , a first PPLN waveguide 212 , a second spatial optical system 213 and a first dichroic mirror 214 .
- the second order nonlinear optical element 204 includes a third spatial optical system 215, a second PPLN waveguide 216, a fourth spatial optical system 217, a second dichroic mirror 218, and a third dichroic and a mirror 219 .
- the first spatial optical system 211 couples light input from the input port of the first second-order nonlinear optical element 202 to the first PPLN waveguide 212 .
- the second spatial optical system 213 couples the light output from the first PPLN waveguide 212 to the output port of the first second-order nonlinear optical element 202 via the first dichroic mirror 214 .
- the third spatial optical system 215 couples the light input from the input port of the second order nonlinear optical element 204 to the second PPLN waveguide 216 via the second dichroic mirror 218 .
- a fourth spatial optical system 217 couples the light output from the second PPLN waveguide 216 to the output port of the second order nonlinear optical element 204 via a third dichroic mirror 219 .
- signal light 250 incident on PSA 200 is split by optical splitter 203 a , and one light enters second-order nonlinear optical element 204 .
- the other light branched by the optical branching unit 203 a is phase-controlled by the phase modulator 205 and the optical fiber expander 206 and enters the EDFA 201 as the fundamental excitation light 251 .
- the EDFA 201 amplifies the incident pumping fundamental wave light 251 and transmits the amplified pumping fundamental wave light 251 to the first secondary laser beam.
- the light is made incident on the nonlinear optical element 202 .
- second harmonic light (hereinafter referred to as SH light) 252 is generated from the incident excitation fundamental wave light 251 .
- the generated SH light 252 enters the second-order nonlinear optical element 204 via the polarization maintaining fiber 207 .
- the second-order nonlinear optical element 204 performs degenerate parametric amplification on the incident signal light 250 and SH light 252 to perform phase sensitive amplification, and outputs an output signal light 253 .
- the signal light and the excitation light In the PSA, in order to amplify only the light that is in phase with the signal, the signal light and the excitation light must be in phase, or be out of phase by ⁇ radian, as described above.
- phase ⁇ 2 ⁇ s of the excitation light and the phase ⁇ ⁇ s of the signal light which are light having a wavelength corresponding to the SH light, can satisfy the following relationship (Equation 11). necessary.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the phase difference ⁇ between the input signal light and pumping light and the gain (dB) in a conventional PSA using the second-order nonlinear optical effect. It can be seen from FIG. 11 that the gain is maximized when the phase difference ⁇ between the input signal light and the pump light is ⁇ , 0, or ⁇ .
- the phase modulator 205 in FIG. 2 phase-modulates the excitation fundamental wave light 251 according to the weak pilot signal.
- the second optical splitter 203 b splits a part of the amplified output signal light 253 and makes it enter the photodetector 208 .
- the photodetector 208 converts the incident signal light into an electrical signal.
- the pilot signal component is minimized when the phase difference .DELTA..phi. shown in FIG.
- phase-locked loop circuit (PLL) 209 is used to feed back to the optical fiber expander 206 so that the pilot signal is minimized, that is, the amplified output signal detected by the photodetector 208 is maximized.
- the optical fiber expander 206 expands and contracts the optical fiber through which the fundamental excitation light 251 propagates according to the output of the phase-locked loop circuit 209 .
- phase synchronization between the signal light 250 and the fundamental excitation light 251 can be achieved.
- the SH light 252 is once generated and then When performing parametric amplification, for example, by removing the component of the pump fundamental wave light using the characteristics of the dichroic mirror 214, only the SH light 252 and the signal light 250 are transferred to the parametric amplification medium such as the second second-order nonlinear optical element 204. can be made incident on Therefore, noise due to mixing of spontaneous emission light generated by the EDFA 201 can be prevented, so that low-noise optical amplification becomes possible.
- optical fiber pigtail module structure and advantages On the other hand, mounting a spatial optical system using an optical surface plate requires processing to assemble an optical system with a high degree of freedom. . Therefore, in the current optical system mounting, an optical fiber pigtail type mounting module terminated with an optical connector is used.
- Patent Document 2 shows a module mounting configuration of a wavelength conversion device 400 having a pigtail structure of optical fibers with two inputs and outputs, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional wavelength conversion device.
- An input of signal light 404 (fiber 410 for signal light) and an output of signal light 412 (fiber 403 for signal light) are provided on opposite end surfaces of the housing of the wavelength conversion device.
- Input and output of pumping light (fiber 411 for pumping light, fiber 415 for pumping light, lenses 406a and 408b) are provided on surfaces other than those end faces.
- a lens 406b, a dichroic mirror 413 and a lens 407 are provided between the input and the wavelength conversion element 414 provided with the optical waveguide core 414b. 409 is provided to enable optical connection.
- An optical fiber pigtail-type mounting module consists of light sources, optical modulators, and other optical functional components placed in a rigid housing made of metal or the like. This is a mounting structure in which input and output are taken out by optical fiber cables.
- optical fiber pigtail module The advantage of the optical fiber pigtail module is that the use of an optical fiber with an optical connector facilitates handling by attaching and detaching the optical connector, increases the degree of freedom in incorporating into equipment, and facilitates replacement when the module fails. It has the characteristic of being able to
- modularizing the optical system not only makes it possible to reduce the size, but also has the advantage of eliminating the need for adjustment and reducing the work required to incorporate it into the device.
- the optical fiber increases optical loss when the radius of curvature is 30 mm or less. Furthermore, sharp bending or impact damages the glass core wire of the optical fiber core, resulting in an extremely large optical loss or an inability to transmit optical signals.
- the optical fiber itself is routed with a radius of curvature on the order of millimeters or less, the optical fiber itself will break. Since it is a place where stress is likely to concentrate, it is necessary to form the optical input/output port with a mechanically reinforcing structure.
- optical fiber pigtail module in the case of optical connector connection, it is possible to limit the optical fiber length to some extent by designing the necessary optical fiber length.
- optical fiber cutting or fiber fusion splicing for optical fiber connection or in the case of manufacturing as a general optical module, actually, in order to be able to deal with later parts replacement / repair, etc. It is necessary to connect an optical fiber having a sufficient extra length. Therefore, in an actual optical system or the like, a reel-shaped member for winding the excess optical fiber is used, or an adhesive tape or a binding member is used to fix the optical fiber.
- phase sensitive optical amplifier PSA
- the means for solving the above problems are as follows.
- the present inventors have studied the mounting structure of the optical module and optimized the extraction positions of the optical inputs and outputs in the optical fiber pigtail module.
- optical input and output it is possible to provide a mounting structure with high mounting density and excellent handling of optical fibers.
- the present invention has been completed by discovering that control corresponding to the optical phase and the optical polarization is possible by providing the mechanism.
- the invention provides a wavelength Then, n1 ( n1 is a positive integer) pumping light different from the wavelength of the signal light is input, and one or more m2 ( m2 is a positive integer) signal light is output. and n 2 pumping lights (n 2 is a positive integer between zero and zero) different from the wavelength of the signal light are provided as outputs, and the optical waveguide core and the optical waveguide core a wavelength conversion element for converting the wavelength of the signal light having a substrate having a low refractive index with respect to the signal light and the excitation light; and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the wavelength conversion element. wherein the signal light and the excitation light are input from one side of a housing adjacent to and facing the optical input/output of the wavelength conversion element, and the housing facing the characterized by comprising an output of the signal light and the pump light from the other side of
- Another invention according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a wavelength of the signal light and a wavelength of the signal light when one or more m1 ( m1 is a positive integer) signal lights are input.
- n1 ( n1 is a positive integer) pumping light different in wavelength is input and one or more m2 ( m2 is a positive integer) signal light is output, the signal
- the wavelength of the light and n 2 pumping lights different from the wavelength of the signal light are provided as outputs, and the optical waveguide core and the optical waveguide core are more suitable for the signal light and the pumping light than the optical waveguide core.
- a wavelength conversion element for converting the wavelength of the signal light having a substrate having a low refractive index
- a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the wavelength conversion element.
- a wavelength conversion device for inputting the signal light and the pumping light, having an output for the signal light and the pumping light, and at least one of optical input and output of the signal light or the pumping light
- An expansion mechanism is provided for varying the propagation path distance of light input to one of the wavelength conversion elements, or a polarization separation element and a polarization splitter are provided between the propagation paths of light input to at least one of the wavelength conversion elements. At least one of the wave rotating elements is provided.
- the present invention makes it possible to realize an efficient and compact optical fiber pigtail module mounting structure for a large number of input and output wavelength conversion elements.
- the optical distance of each optical input and output and by separating and rotating the polarization, it is possible to provide the optical phase distance adjustment function required for the wavelength conversion device and the polarization independent wavelength conversion device. becomes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the basic configuration of a conventional PSA
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a conventional PSA using a PPLN waveguide
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the phase difference ⁇ between the input signal light and pumping light and the gain (dB) in a conventional PSA using the second-order nonlinear optical effect.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram (1) of a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (2) of the first embodiment of the present invention
- (a) is a top view of a wavelength conversion element
- (b) is a cross-sectional view of the wavelength conversion element.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (1) of a second embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (2) of a second embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram (3) of a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram (1) of a third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram (2) of a third embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram (3) of a third embodiment of the present invention
- Schematic configuration diagram of a reference module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of Example 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of Example 1 of the present invention
- an optical waveguide core 514b and a wavelength conversion element 514 for converting the wavelength of the signal light having a lower refractive index for the signal light 504 and the pumping light 505 than the optical waveguide core 514b; and a temperature control element 520 for controlling the temperature of the conversion element, and for generating light of the wavelength of the difference frequency.
- the signal light 504 and the excitation light 505 Adjacent to the optical input/output, the signal light 504 and the excitation light 505 are input from one side of the facing housing, and the signal light 512 and the pumping light 502 are output from the other side of the facing housing. It is characterized by The signal light 512 is input from the signal light fiber 503 to the housing, and the pumping light 502 is output from the housing to the pumping fiber 515 .
- the housing is provided with a lens 506, a sealing window 501, a spatial optical system 513, and a lens 507 between the input and the wavelength conversion element 514, and a lens 508 and a spatial optical system 516 between the wavelength conversion element 514 and the output.
- a sealing window 517 and a lens 509 are provided. Optical connection becomes possible between input and output.
- the mounting structure of the wavelength conversion device 500 in the case of optical input/output using the pigtail structure of the optical fiber, in the case of mounting a space for processing the extra length of the optical fiber, or in the case of mounting a plurality of arrayed optical inputs/outputs,
- the optical input fiber (signal light fiber 510 and excitation light fiber 511) and the optical output fiber (credit light fiber 503 and excitation light fiber 515) are arranged on each wall of the mounting housing. is desirable.
- the wavelength conversion element 514 is a dielectric optical waveguide having a quasi-phase matching structure, the wavelength conversion element 514 often has an elongated structure. It is desirable to have a structure that extracts optical input and output from a mounting housing that faces the opposite ends of the long and thin wavelength conversion element. It is most desirable to mount the optical input/output fibers side by side on the side walls of the housing facing each other.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the wavelength conversion element.
- FIG. 7(a) is a top view of the wavelength conversion element
- FIG. 7(b) is a cross-sectional view of the wavelength conversion element.
- the optical waveguide core 514b is an optical waveguide that selectively allows signal light to pass therethrough without losing the intensity of the signal light.
- the structure of the optical waveguide core 514b is such that when the wavelength of the signal light 504 is input and the excitation light 505 is input through the same optical path as the signal light 504, the signal light is There is no particular limitation as long as it has a function of outputting wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 having a wavelength different from that of 504 .
- the optical waveguide core 514b uses a so-called slab optical waveguide structure, a ridge optical waveguide structure, or a so-called ridge optical waveguide structure, which is formed by forming an external structure in which the core film thickness is increased only in the light propagating portion, in order to propagate signal light or pumping light, or serves as an optical waveguide core.
- a so-called proton-implanted optical waveguide, an ion-implanted optical waveguide, or the like, in which the refractive index of one portion is relatively larger than that of the other portion, can be used. It is a structure that changes with a period given a predetermined modulation and realizes quasi-phase matching for a single wavelength or multiple wavelengths. Further, for example, it is possible to employ a multi-QPM element in which a plurality of periods of quasi-phase matching are compounded as the optical waveguide core 514b.
- the substrate 514a is desirably made of a material that is transparent to at least the signal light, that is, does not absorb light, and more desirably a material that does not absorb light for both the signal light 504 and the excitation light 505. .
- the substrate 514a is preferably made of a ferroelectric material having physical properties similar to those of the optical waveguide core. It functions as an undercladding for the optical waveguide core when configuring the optical waveguide, and has a lower refractive index than the optical waveguide core 514b for the signal light 512, the excitation light 502, and the wavelength-converted signal light. desirable.
- LiNbO 3 , KNbO 3 (potassium niobate), LiTaO 3 (lithium tantalate), LiNb( x )Ta(1-x)O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) (non-stoichiometric lithium tantalate) or KTiOPO 4 (potassium titanate phosphate), furthermore selected from Mg (magnesium), Zn (zinc), Sc (scandium), In (indium) It is desirable to contain at least one of the following as an additive.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a wavelength conversion element in which the temperature control element 520 is mounted. (a) is a top view of the wavelength conversion element mounted with the temperature control element, and (b) is a sectional view of the wavelength conversion element mounted with the temperature control element.
- the wavelength conversion efficiency of the wavelength conversion element 514 has temperature dependence, and it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the wavelength conversion element 514 and maintain it at a constant temperature so as to maximize the wavelength conversion efficiency. .
- the wavelength of the wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 also depends on the temperature of the wavelength conversion element 514, in order to control the wavelength of the wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 with high accuracy, the temperature of the wavelength conversion element is regulated and maintained at a constant temperature.
- a method using a heat source such as a heater that generates heat by resistance heating as the temperature control element 520, a method using a Peltier element that enables heating and cooling by current control, and the like. mentioned.
- a supporting member bonded to the wavelength conversion element 514 or a cured resin containing a metal filler has thermal conductivity.
- a superior bonding material 519 desirably mounts and secures to the mounting housing.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration in which the number of optical inputs: m 1 +n 1 and the number of optical outputs: m 2 +n 2 are equal in the wavelength conversion device 500 of the present invention, and one second-order nonlinear optical element has , for example, is an example of a mounting configuration in which one signal light and one pump light are optically input/output.
- one individual signal light 504 and one individual pumping light 505 described above are input to generate wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 of one individual wavelength, and wavelength-converted light (idler light) ) 518 is mounted in parallel, and is useful as a wavelength conversion module having independent wavelengths and light intensities.
- a plurality of signal light beams 504 and pumping light beams 505 are input to one second-order nonlinear optical element, and each one output light beam (signal light 512 and pumping light 502) is generated. It is an example of the implementation configuration to take out.
- the number of optical inputs: m 1 +n 1 and the number of optical outputs: m 2 +n 2 do not need to be equal.
- the wavelength conversion element 514 may be used to optically couple to the optical waveguide core of the wavelength conversion element 514 .
- the signal light 504 and the excitation light 505 are optically combined and optically coupled to the optical waveguide core 514b. It is necessary to perform optical multiplexing by using a wavelength selection mirror or a spatial optical system 513 using a dichroic mirror.
- the signal light 512 and the excitation light 502 need to be optically split.
- An optical system is required that extracts only the output signal light 512 by using an optical bandpass filter that transmits only a specific light wavelength band.
- the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment When one or more m1 ( m1 is a positive integer) signal lights are input, the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment has a wavelength of the signal lights and an n1 wavelength different from the wavelength of the signal lights.
- (n 1 is a positive integer of zero) pumping light is input, and when one or more m 2 (m 2 is a positive integer) signal light is output, the wavelength of the signal light;
- n 2 (n 2 is a positive integer) pumping light different in wavelength from the signal light is provided as an output
- the optical waveguide core has a lower refractive index for the signal light and the pumping light than the optical waveguide core and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the wavelength conversion element, wherein the wavelength conversion device generates light of a difference frequency wavelength.
- the signal light and the excitation light are input from one side of a housing adjacent to and facing the optical input/output of the wavelength conversion element, and the signal light and the excitation light are input from the other side of the housing facing the It is characterized by having an output of excitation light.
- the signal light and the pumping light are input from one side of a housing adjacent to and facing the optical input/output of the wavelength conversion element, and the signal light and the pumping light are input from the other side of the housing.
- 9 to 11 are schematic diagrams showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the wavelength conversion device 1000 and the wavelength conversion device 1100 of FIGS. is characterized by comprising an extension mechanism for varying the propagation path distance of the optical input to at least one of the wavelength conversion elements among the optical inputs and outputs.
- the optical signal whose propagation path distance has been changed by the expansion and contraction mechanism for varying the propagation path distance is time-delayed or time-shortened according to the amount of change in the propagation path distance, and is incident on the wavelength conversion element 514. Therefore, as a result, it is possible to finely adjust the phase incident on the wavelength conversion element 514 .
- the expansion and contraction mechanism of the path length control element 901 that varies the propagation path distance of the signal light and the excitation light is a combination of a plurality of dichroic mirrors and dichroic mirrors of the spatial optical systems 513 and 516.
- the light reflection structure and the position of retroreflectors such as corner cubes can be positioned with high precision by using mechanical drive methods such as screw and rack and pinion methods, and piezoelectric element drive such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). It is possible to control the path length of the light with high precision by moving .
- one individual signal light 504 and one individual pumping light 505 described above are input to generate wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 of one individual wavelength, and wavelength-converted light (idler light) ) is mounted in parallel, and it is useful as a wavelength conversion module having independent wavelengths and different light intensities.
- one second-order nonlinear optical element has a different configuration with the number of optical inputs: m 1 +n 1 and the number of optical outputs: m 2 +n 2.
- a plurality of signal lights and excitation It is an example of a mounting configuration in which light is input and output light (signal light and excitation light) is extracted one by one.
- the number of optical inputs: m 1 +n 1 and the number of optical outputs: m 2 +n 2 do not need to be equal.
- the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment When one or more m1 ( m1 is a positive integer) signal lights are input, the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment has a wavelength of the signal lights and an n1 wavelength different from the wavelength of the signal lights.
- (n 1 is a positive integer of zero) pumping lights are input, and when one or more m 2 (m 2 is a positive integer) signal lights are output, the wavelength of the signal light;
- n 2 (n 2 is a positive integer) pumping light different in wavelength from the signal light is provided as an output
- the optical waveguide core has a lower refractive index for the signal light and the pumping light than the optical waveguide core and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the wavelength conversion element, wherein the wavelength conversion device generates light of a difference frequency wavelength.
- a wavelength conversion device having input/output units for pumping light 405 and 402 on the side of the housing other than the side on which input/output units for signal light 404 and 412 are provided has input/output units for signal light and pumping light. It is also possible to apply the extension mechanism as described above between the propagation paths of the optical inputs to at least one of the wavelength conversion elements 514 among the optical inputs and outputs. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain an effect that the path distance of the optical signal can be adjusted.
- the propagation path of the optical input to at least one of the wavelength conversion elements 514 It is characterized by having a polarization separating element 1201 or a polarization rotating element 1202, or both of them, between them.
- the TM polarized light remains unchanged. It is incident on the wavelength conversion element 514, while the TE-polarized light is incident on the wavelength conversion element 514 by the polarization rotator 1202, thereby causing wavelength conversion. This allows the wavelength conversion to be performed for all polarized light.
- polarization splitting element 1201 a polarization splitting element using a material having birefringence such as calcite, a plate-like one using Brewster's window, a cubic one, or a polarization splitting element based on the shape of an optical waveguide.
- a separation element 1201 polarization beam splitter
- polarization rotator 1202 a Faraday rotator using the Faraday effect or a half-wave plate made of an oriented film of organic or inorganic crystals or polymers can be used.
- the light 505 is separated into orthogonal polarized waves such as TE polarized waves and TM polarized waves by the polarization splitting element 1201, and the polarized waves are rotated by the polarization rotator 1202, so that two similar wavelength conversion elements 514 are used. to generate wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 of a discrete single wavelength.
- a second-order optical nonlinear material is used as the wavelength conversion element 514. Since the second-order optical nonlinear material itself has anisotropy, even if a similar wavelength conversion element is fabricated, TE polarization and TM polarization are used. It is difficult to generate equal wavelength-converted light (idler light) for both.
- the generated wavelength-converted light (idler light) is polarization-rotated by the polarization rotator, and combined again by the polarization separation element, thereby converting the wavelength for each orthogonal polarization such as TE polarization and TM polarization. It is possible to generate a wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 with all polarizations and use it as a wavelength conversion module compatible with polarization diversity.
- FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which the number of optical inputs: m 1 +n 1 and the number of optical outputs: m 2 +n 2 are equal.
- each orthogonal polarized wave such as TE polarized wave and TM polarized wave is separated by the polarization separation element 1201 and rotated by the polarization rotation element 1202, so that two similar wavelength conversion elements 514 are used to individually
- the actually generated wavelength-converted light (idler light) 518 may fluctuate due to variations in the characteristics of the wavelength conversion element.
- TE polarized and TM polarized pumping lights are output, and these are observed. , the wavelength-converted light (idler light) can be fed back.
- the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment When one or more m1 ( m1 is a positive integer) signal lights are input, the wavelength conversion apparatus of the present embodiment has a wavelength of the signal lights and an n1 wavelength different from the wavelength of the signal lights.
- (n 1 is a positive integer of zero) pumping lights are input, and when one or more m 2 (m 2 is a positive integer) signal lights are output, the wavelength of the signal light;
- n 2 (n 2 is a positive integer) pumping light different in wavelength from the signal light is provided as an output
- the optical waveguide core has a lower refractive index for the signal light and the pumping light than the optical waveguide core and a temperature control element for controlling the temperature of the wavelength conversion element, wherein the wavelength conversion device generates light of a difference frequency wavelength.
- At least one of a polarization separation element and a polarization rotation element is provided between the optical input propagation paths to the element. At least one of a polarization separation element and a polarization rotation element is provided between the optical input/output paths of the optical input/output of the signal light or the excitation light to at least one of the wavelength conversion elements.
- a wavelength conversion device having input/output units for pumping light 405 and 402 on the side of the housing other than the side on which input/output units for signal light 404 and 412 are provided has light up to wavelength conversion element 414 . It is also possible to apply at least one of the polarization separation element 1201 and the polarization rotation element 1202 between the input propagation paths. This configuration has the effect of enabling highly accurate control of the path distance of each individual polarized wave for polarization diversity control.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a wavelength conversion device 1600 of Example 1 of the present invention. Also, for explanation, reference is made to FIG.
- the optical waveguide core 514b is made of LiNbO 3 in which a comb-shaped electrode structure is formed from Au in advance, and a periodically polarized structure is formed at a high voltage of about 1000 V with the Z-axis perpendicular to the substrate.
- a ridge-shaped optical waveguide core 514b is formed on the surface of the substrate by laminating the optical waveguide core 514b on the substrate, polishing the thin film, and then dry etching using Ar plasma.
- a non-reflection coating for the optical wavelengths of the signal light and the excitation light was formed with a film or the like, and used as the wavelength conversion element 514 .
- the produced wavelength conversion element 514 is fixed on a copper support member 523, and the copper support member 523, the metal housing bottom member, Then, a temperature control element 520 made of a Peltier element is inserted between them, and a joining member 521 made of a silver paste resin made of a thermosetting epoxy resin filled with silver filler is heated and cured at, for example, 110° C. to bond. Fixed.
- a reference module having a configuration in which PANDA optical fibers respectively corresponding to signal light with a wavelength of 1560 nm and pumping light with a wavelength of 780 nm as shown in FIG.
- a wavelength conversion device 1500 without the optical path control mechanism of this embodiment was produced.
- a dichroic mirror 513a and a corner cube mirror are adhered and fixed on the path length control element 901 using thermosetting epoxy so as to reflect the signal light 504 or the excitation light 505 .
- a PZT piezoelectric element 1601 whose thickness can be controlled by voltage is laminated on the side wall inside the metal housing with a silver paste resin, wiring is connected with a gold fine wire, and a dichroic mirror and a corner cube mirror are adhesively fixed on the surface.
- the path control member thus formed was positioned at a position capable of optical coupling with signal light or excitation light, and adhesively fixed.
- the output signal lights after wavelength conversion of the reference module and the module of this embodiment were optically interfered using a PANDA fiber 2 ⁇ 2 1:1 optical coupler, and the light intensity of one output light was measured. .
- the optical path distance of each signal light and the excitation light is changed. changed.
- the optical intensity of the output signal light after optical interference periodically changes by 30% or more depending on the voltage, and the optical path distance varies by one wavelength of the signal light and the excitation light depending on the PZT voltage value. It was confirmed that it was possible to control within the above range.
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Abstract
Description
波長変換技術は、半導体レーザでは直接出力できない波長域、または波長域として半導体レーザで直接出力できても半導体レーザでは得られない高出力な強度が必要な用途において非常に注目されている。
なかでも周期分極反転ニオブ酸リチウム(Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate、以下、PPLNという)を利用した光導波路は、導波路とすることによる光強度の増大化および疑似位相整合技術の利用による高い波長変換効率を実現可能な素子であり、光通信における光信号波長変換、光加工、医療、生物工学などの応用のための紫外域から可視域、赤外域、テラヘルツ域に至るまで幅広い光波長帯での応用に期待されている。
一般に、2次非線形光学結晶に波長の異なる信号光(Signal光)[波長:λ1、周波数:ω1]と励起光(Pump光)[波長:λ2、周波数:ω2]を入射したとき波長変換光(アイドラ光とも呼ばれる)[波長:λ3、周波数:ω3]は、位相整合条件と呼ばれる関係に従った波長の光を発生させる。
ここで位相が反転する、以下の式4に示す距離Lc
をコヒーレンス長という。
上記は波数不整合Δk=0をなくす手法であるが,その代わりに波数不整合を許容し,非線形感受率を変調して位相ずれの効果を打ち消す疑似位相整合法がある。これは、非線形感受率の符号を周期的に反転した構造により疑似的に位相整合を達成する技術である。前記の通り、非線形分極は、コヒーレンス長の2倍の長さを周期として増減するため、コヒーレンス長の2倍を分極反転周期とする(コヒーレンス長間隔で分極反転させる)ことで各点から発生した非線形分極波は互いに打ち消すことなく足し合わされていき、あたかも擬似的に位相不整合量を0にしたかのような効果を発生させることができる。
また、擬似位相整合技術を利用して波長変換を行う光学素子(以下、波長変換素子という)を作製する方法もいくつか知られている。例えば、非線形光学効果を発現させる結晶(以下、非線形光学結晶という)基板を周期分極反転構造とした後に、その周期分極反転構造を用いてプロトン交換導波路を作製する方法である。また、例えば、同様に、非線形光学結晶基板を周期分極反転構造とした後に、フォトリソグラフィプロセスおよびドライエッチングプロセスを利用してリッジ型光導波路を作製する方法である。
一方。従来の光伝送システムでは、光ファイバを伝搬することにより減衰した光信号を再生するために、光信号を電気信号に変換し、ディジタル信号を識別した後に光信号を再生する識別再生光中継器が用いられていた。しかしながら、この識別再生光中継器では、光信号を電気信号に変換する電子部品の応答速度に制限があることや、伝送する信号のスピードが速くなると、消費電力が大きくなるなどの問題があった。
この問題を解決する光増幅手段として、エルビウムやプラセオジム等の希土類元素を添加した光ファイバに励起光を入射して信号光を増幅するファイバレーザ増幅器や、半導体レーザ増幅器がある。エルビウムを添加したファイバ増幅器をエルビウム添加光ファイバ増幅(erbium doped fiber amplifier:EDFA)という。また、プラセオジムを添加したファイバ増幅器をプラセオジム添加フッ化物ファイバ増幅器(praseodymium doped fiber amplifier:PDFA)という。このようなファイバレーザ増幅器や半導体レーザ増幅器は、信号光を光のままで増幅することができるため、識別再生光中継器で問題になっていた電気的な処理速度の制限が存在しない。加えて、機器の構成も比較的単純になるという利点を有する。
しかしながら、これらのレーザ増幅器は、劣化した信号光波形を整形する機能を有していない。また、これらのレーザ増幅器においては、不可避的かつランダムに発生する自然放出光が信号成分とは全く無関係に混入するので、信号光のS/N(Signal to Noise ratio)が増幅前後で少なくとも3dB低下する。波形整形機能の欠如やS/Nの低下は、ディジタル信号伝送時における伝送符号誤り率の上昇につながり、伝送品質を低下させる要因になっている。
このような従来のレーザ増幅器の限界を打開する手段として、位相感応光増幅器(Phase Sensitive Amplifier:PSA)が検討されている。PSAは、伝送ファイバの分散の影響による劣化した信号光波形や位相信号を整形する機能を有する。また、PSAは、信号とは無関係の直交位相をもった自然放出光を抑圧することができ、同相の自然放出光も最小限で済むために、増幅前後で信号光のS/Nを劣化させず同一に保つことが原理的に可能である。
図1は、従来のPSAの基本的な構成を示す概略ブロック図である。図9に示すように、全体となる位相感応光増幅器(PSA)100は、光パラメトリック増幅を用いた位相感応光増幅部101と、励起光源102と、励起光位相制御部103と、第1及び第2の光分岐部104a及び104bから構成される。図1に示されるように、PSA100に入力された信号光110は、光分岐部104aで2分岐されて、一方は位相感応光増幅部101に入射し、他方は励起光源102に入射する。励起光源102から出射した励起光111は、励起光位相制御部103を介して位相が調整されて、位相感応光増幅部101に入射する。位相感応光増幅部101は、入力した信号光110及び励起光111に基づいて出力信号光112を出力する。
位相感応光増幅部101は、入射した信号光110の位相と励起光111の位相とが一致すると信号光110を増幅し、両者の位相が90度ずれた直交位相関係になると、信号光110を減衰させる特性を有している。この特性を利用して増幅利得が最大となるように励起光111と信号光110間の位相を一致させると、信号光110と直交位相の自然放出光が発生せず、また同相の成分に関しても信号光110のもつ雑音以上に過剰な自然放出光が発生しない。そのため、S/Nを劣化させずに信号光110を増幅することが可能になる。
なお、励起光位相制御部103は、励起光源102の出力側で励起光111の位相を制御する構成の他に、励起光源102の位相を直接制御する構成としてもよい。また、信号光110を発生する光源が位相感応光増幅部101の近くに配置されている場合は、位相変動量が小さくなるため、信号光用光源の一部を分岐して直接励起光として用いることもできる。
しかしながら、従来の位相感応光増幅器(PSA)技術においては、信号光と励起光の位相同期を行わなければならないという問題点がある。その理由について、以降において位相同期ループ(Phase Locked Loop:PLL)を用いて具体的に説明する。
図2は、非特許文献1等に開示されているPPLN導波路を用いた従来のPSAの構成を示すブロック図である。図10に示されるPSA200は、エルビウム添加ファイバレーザ増幅器(Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier:EDFA)201と、第1及び第2 の二次非線形光学素子202及び204と、第1及び第2の光分岐部203a及び203bと、位相変調器205と、PZT(チタン酸ジルコニウム酸鉛) 圧電素子を用いた光ファイバ伸縮器206と、偏波保持ファイバ207と、光検出器208と、位相同期ループ(Phase Locked Loop:PLL)回路209とを備える。第1の二次非線形光学素子202は、第1の空間光学系211と、第1のPPLN導波路212と、第2の空間光学系213と、第1のダイクロイックミラー214とを備える。第2の二次非線形光学素子204は、第3の空間光学系215と、第2のPPLN導波路216と、第4の空間光学系217と、第2のダイクロイックミラー218と、第3のダイクロイックミラー219とを備える。第1の空間光学系211は、第1の二次非線形光学素子202の入力ポートから入力された光を第1のPPLN導波路212に結合する。第2の空間光学系213は、第1のPPLN導波路212から出力された光を第1 のダイクロイックミラー214を介して第1の二次非線形光学素子202の出力ポートに結合する。第3の空間光学系215は、第2の二次非線形光学素子204の入力ポートから入力された光を第2 のダイクロイックミラー218を介して第2 のPPLN導波路216に結合する。第4の空間光学系217は、第2 のPPLN導波路216から出力された光を第3のダイクロイックミラー219を介して第2の二次非線形光学素子204の出力ポートに結合する。
図2に示される例では、PSA200に入射した信号光250は、光分岐部203aによって分岐されて、一方の光は第2の二次非線形光学素子204に入射する。光分岐部203aによって分岐された他方の光は、励起基本波光251として、位相変調器205及び光ファイバ伸縮器206によって位相制御されてEDFA201に入射する。光通信に用いられる微弱なレーザ光から非線形光学効果を得るのに十分なパワーを得るために、EDFA201は、入射した励起基本波光251を増幅し、増幅した励起基本波光251を第1の二次非線形光学素子202に入射させる。
図3は、従来の二次非線形光学効果を利用したPSAにおける、入力信号光と励起光間の位相差Δφと、利得(dB)との関係を示すグラフである。図11より、入力信号光と励起光間の位相差Δφが-π、0、またはπのときに、利得が最大となっていることが分かる。
図2に示すように、位相感応光増幅器(PSA)において、第1及び第2の二次非線形光学素子202,204のように、光ファイバによって光入出力を形成し光ファイバのピッグテールモジュールによって、光入出力の光結合を形成している。
一方で、光学定盤を用いた空間光学系の実装は、自由度が高い光学系を組み立てることが加工であるが、比較的サイズが大きくなるとともに、前記光学系の取り回しや着脱が困難である。そのため、現状の光学系実装では、光コネクタで終端処理された光ファイバピッグテール型の実装モジュールが用いられている。
しかしながら、光ファイバは、国際規格ITU-T G652の仕様値より、曲率半径30 mm以下になると、光損失増加が発生する。さらには、急峻な曲げや衝撃によって、光ファイバコアのガラス芯線が破損することにより、光損失が非常に大きくなったり、光信号の伝送が実現できなくなったりする。
特に、数多くの光入出力が一つの実装筐体から取り出される多チャンネル光モジュールの場合、光入出力の数が多くなればなるほど、光ファイバの取り出し位置や光ファイバの取り回し位置の配置は困難となる。
さらに前記に加えて、前述の位相感応光増幅器(PSA)の場合などでは、S/Nを向上させるため、位相感応光増幅部と励起光源との光位相を前記の通り同期させてやることが必要となる。
しかし、光ファイバは、外力に対し光位相距離が僅かずつ変動するため、光ファイバ長が長くなると、単純に光ファイバ長のみで光位相を調整することが困難であり、実装筐体中の固定状態に依存してしまう。さらには、テープ光ファイバなど光ファイバ長がほとんど揃っている複数の光ファイバであっても、テープの巻具合などの外力により、スキューと呼ばれる光位相のズレが発生する。
また、前述の周期分極反転構造を有する非線形光学結晶を用いたPPLN光導波路を作製した波長変換素子では、基本的には非線形光学結晶の異方性によって、一つの光偏波についてのみ、疑似位相整合(QPM)条件を満たすことになり、波長変換を実現することになる。そのため、無偏光の光の入力に対し、一度に波長変換を実現することは困難であった。
図5~図6は、本発明の第1の実施の形態を示す概略図である。
図7に、波長変換素子の概略図を示す。図7(a)は、波長変換素子の上面図、図7(b)は、波長変換素子の断面図を示す。
図8に、温度制御素子520を実装した波長変換素子の概略図を示す。(a)は、温度制御素子を実装した波長変換素子の上面図、(b)は、温度制御素子を実装した波長変換素子の断面図を示す。
より具体的には、図5は、本発明の波長変換装置500において光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい構成であり、一つの二次非線形光学素子に、例えば信号光と励起光の各1つずつ光入出力する実装構成例である。
また、図6に例示するように、一つの二次非線形光学素子に、例えば複数の信号光504と励起光505を入力し、各1つずつの出力光(信号光512と励起光502)を取り出す実装構成例である。このとき、本発明の波長変換装置600において光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい必要はなく、例えば、前述の3つの波長の信号光と光強度の強い1つの波長の励起光を入力し、1つの波長の波長変換光(アイドラー光)518を発生させ、波長変換光(アイドラー光)518のみを取り出す場合には、光入力数:m1+n1=4個で、光出力数:m2+n2=2個となる。これは、例えば光強度の強い一つの励起光で、一つの非線形光学素子から、複数の信号の差周波発生をさせる場合などの実装構成例でもある。
波長変換素子514への光入出力については、図5~図6中に例示されるように、レンズ506を用いて、一度、コリメート光を形成し、光反射ミラー等によって、レンズによる空間光学系を用いて波長変換素子514の光導波路コアに光結合しても良い。その場合には、入力光として、信号光504と励起光505を光合波し、光導波路コア514bに光結合させるために、図5~図6に示すように、例えば、レンズや多層膜ミラーなどによる波長選択ミラー、または、ダイクロイックミラーを用いた空間光学系513により光合波させることが必要となる。同様に出力光としても、信号光512と励起光502を光分波させることが必要であるため、そのレンズや多層膜ミラーなどによる空間光学系513により光分波させ、多層膜光フィルタなどにより特定の光波長帯のみを透過させる光バンドパスフィルタを用いて、出力用の信号光512のみを取り出すなどの光学系が必要となる。
(光位相調整機構の説明)
より具体的には、図9、図10において光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい構成であり、一つの二次非線形光学素子に、例えば、信号光、と励起光、の各1つずつ光入出力する実装構成例である。
また、図11に例示するように、一つの二次非線形光学素子に、光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は異なる構成であり、例えば複数の信号光と励起光を入力し、各1つずつの出力光(信号光と励起光)を取り出す実装構成例である。このとき、本発明は波長変換装置1100において光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい必要はなく、例えば、前述の3つの波長の信号光504と光強度の強い1つの波長の励起光を入力し、1つの波長の波長変換光(アイドラー光)を発生させ、波長変換光(アイドラー光)のみを取り出す場合には、光入力数:m1+n1=4個で、光出力数:m2+n2=2個となる。これは、例えば光強度の強い一つの励起光で、一つの非線形光学素子から、複数の信号の差周波発生をさせる場合などの実装構成例でもある。
図4のように、信号光404,412の入出力部を設けた側面以外の筐体の側面に励起光405,402の入出力部を具備する波長変換装置に、信号光または励起光の各光入出力のうち、少なくともいずれか一つの波長変換素子514までの光入力の伝搬行路の間に、上述のような伸縮機構を適用することも可能である。この構成により、光信号の行路距離の調整が可能となるといった効果が得られる。
(偏波分離波長変換の説明)
図12~図14は、本発明の第3の実施の形態を示す波長変換装置1200、1300、1400の概略図である。
より具体的には、図12~図13において光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい構成である。
図14は、光入力数:m1+n1と、光出力数:m2+n2は等しい構成の実施例である。
図4のように、信号光404,412の入出力部を設けた側面以外の筐体の側面に励起光405,402の入出力部を具備する波長変換装置に、波長変換素子414までの光入力の伝搬行路の間に、偏波分離素子1201及び偏波回転素子1202のうち少なくとも一方を適用することも可能である。この構成により、偏波ダイバーティ制御のための各個別偏波の行路距離を高精度に制御することが可能とする効果を有する。
本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されない。
信号光504または励起光505を反射するようにダイクロイックミラー513aやコーナーキューブミラーを行路長制御素子901上に、熱硬化型エポキシを用いて接着固定した。
Claims (8)
- 1つ以上のm1個(m1は正の整数)の信号光が入力されたときに前記信号光の波長と、前記信号光の波長と異なるn1個(n1は、ゼロと正の整数)の励起光を入力し、1つ以上のm2個(m2は正の整数)の信号光が出力されたときに前記信号光の波長と、前記信号光の波長と異なるn2個(n2は、ゼロと正の整数)の励起光を出力として具備し、光導波路コアと光導波路コアよりも信号光および励起光に対して低い屈折率を有する基板を有する前記信号光の波長を変換する波長変換素子と、
前記波長変換素子の温度を制御するための温度制御素子とを具備し、
差周波の波長の光を発生させる波長変換装置であって、前期波長変換素子の光入出力に隣接し、対向する筐体の一つの側面より前記信号光および前記励起光を入力し、対向する筐体の他方の側面より、前記信号光および前記励起光の出力を具備することを特徴とする波長変換装置。 - 1つ以上のm1個(m1は正の整数)の信号光が入力されたときに前記信号光の波長と、前記信号光の波長と異なるn1個(n1は、ゼロと正の整数)の励起光を入力し、1つ以上のm2個(m2は正の整数)の信号光が出力されたときに前記信号光の波長と、前記信号光の波長と異なるn2個(n2は、ゼロと正の整数)の励起光を出力として具備し、光導波路コアと光導波路コアよりも信号光および励起光に対して低い屈折率を有する基板を有する前記信号光の波長を変換する波長変換素子と、
前記波長変換素子の温度を制御するための温度制御素子とを具備し、
差周波の波長の光を発生させる波長変換装置であって、前記信号光および前記励起光を入力し、前記信号光および前記励起光の出力を具備し、
前記信号光または前記励起光の各光入出力のうち、
少なくともいずれか一つの前記波長変換素子までの光入力の伝搬行路距離を可変させる伸縮機構を具備する、又は
少なくともいずれか一つの前記波長変換素子までの光入力の伝搬行路の間に、偏波分離素子及び偏波回転素子のうち少なくとも一方を具備することを
ことを特徴とする波長変換装置。 - 前記差周波の波長の光を発生させる波長変換装置であって、前記波長変換素子の光入出力に隣接し、筐体の一つの側面より前記信号光および前記励起光を入力し、前記側面と対向する筐体の他方の側面より、前記信号光および前記励起光の出力を具備することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の波長変換装置。
- 前記側面以外の筐体の側面に前記励起光の入出力部を具備することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の波長変換装置。
- 前記信号光または前記励起光の各光入出力数が等しいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4いずれか一項に記載の波長変換装置。
- 前記信号光または前記励起光の各光入出力に光ファイバを具備することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5いずれか一項に記載の波長変換装置。
- 前記光導波路コアまたは前記基板は、LiNbO3(ニオブ酸リチウム)、KNbO3(ニオブ酸カリウム)、LiTaO3(タンタル酸リチウム)、LiNb(x)Ta(1-x)O3(0≦x≦1)(不定比組成のタンタル酸リチウム)、またはKTiOPO4(チタン酸リン酸カリウム)、さらに、それらにMg(マグネシウム)、Zn(亜鉛)、Sc(スカンジウム)、またはIn(インジウム)から選ばれる少なくとも1つを添加物として含有している、請求項1乃至6にいずれか一項に記載の波長変換装置。
- 前記信号光で各一つの入出力、前記励起光で各一つの入出力を有し、前記波長変換素子の光入出力に隣接し、対向する筐体の一つの側面より前記信号光および励起光を入力し、対向する筐体の他方の側面より前記信号光および励起光を出力し、電気信号入力を前記対向する筐体の側面とは別の面より入出力させる端子を具備することを特徴とする請求項4乃至7にいずれか一項に記載の波長変換装置。
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JP2014081578A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光送信装置 |
JP2014149398A (ja) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-21 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | 光変調器 |
US20170222721A1 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-03 | Vencore Labs, Inc. | Photonics-based channelization enabled by phase-sensitive amplification |
JP2019105796A (ja) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-27 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 波長変換装置 |
JP2019161476A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光信号送信器 |
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