WO2022246814A1 - 透明天线及通信系统 - Google Patents

透明天线及通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022246814A1
WO2022246814A1 PCT/CN2021/096837 CN2021096837W WO2022246814A1 WO 2022246814 A1 WO2022246814 A1 WO 2022246814A1 CN 2021096837 W CN2021096837 W CN 2021096837W WO 2022246814 A1 WO2022246814 A1 WO 2022246814A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transparent antenna
antenna according
radiating
transparent
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/096837
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金允男
张志锋
冯春楠
李勇
张昊阳
曲峰
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方传感技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方传感技术有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/772,255 priority Critical patent/US12068769B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/096837 priority patent/WO2022246814A1/zh
Priority to CN202180001332.XA priority patent/CN115917870A/zh
Publication of WO2022246814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022246814A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and in particular relates to a transparent antenna and a communication system.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a transparent antenna and a communication system.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transparent antenna, which includes a first substrate and a second substrate oppositely arranged; wherein,
  • the first substrate includes:
  • the first dielectric layer has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other;
  • a reference electrode layer disposed on the first surface
  • At least one first radiating portion is disposed on the second surface and at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the first surface;
  • At least one feeding structure is arranged on the second surface and feeds with the first radiating part
  • the second substrate includes:
  • the second dielectric layer has a third surface and a fourth surface oppositely arranged; the third surface is arranged oppositely to the second surface;
  • At least one second radiating portion is arranged on the fourth surface, and the orthographic projection of one of the first radiating portions on the first surface is located at one of the orthographic projections of the second radiating portion on the first surface Inside.
  • the distance between the second surface of the first dielectric layer and the third surface of the second dielectric layer is a first distance; the distance between the second surface of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer The distance between the fourth surfaces is the second distance; the ratio of the second distance to the first distance is not less than 1.12.
  • the ratio of the second distance to the first distance is not less than 1.37.
  • first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are both centrally symmetrical figures, and the orthographic projection of the symmetric center of one first radiating portion and the symmetric center of one second radiating portion on the first surface overlapping.
  • the at least one feed structure includes a first feed structure and a second feed structure; each of the first feed structure and the second feed structure includes a first feed port and at least one second feed port feed port;
  • a second feed port of the first feed structure is connected to one of the first radiation parts, and the connection node of the two is the first node;
  • a second feed port of the second feed structure is connected to a The first radiation part, and the connection node between the two is the second node;
  • the extending direction of the line connecting the first node and the center of symmetry has a certain distance from the extending direction of the line connecting the second node and the center of symmetry. horn.
  • the extending direction of the line connecting the first node on it and the center of symmetry is perpendicular to the extending direction of the line connecting the second node on it and the center of symmetry .
  • the first radiating portion includes a polygon, and any internal angle of the polygon is greater than 90°.
  • the polygon includes sequentially connecting the first side, the second side, the third side, the fourth side, the fifth side, the sixth side, the seventh side and the eighth side;
  • the extension direction of the first side is the same as the extension direction of the fifth side, and is perpendicular to the extension direction of the third side;
  • a second feed port of the first feed structure and the second feed A second feed port of the electrical structure is respectively connected to the second side and the fourth side.
  • the number of the first radiating parts is 2n , and each of the first radiating parts is arranged at intervals along the length direction of the transparent antenna; the first feeding structure and the second feeding structure are both Including n-level first microstrip lines;
  • One of the first microstrip lines at the first level connects two adjacent first radiation parts, and the first radiation parts connected with different first microstrip lines at the first level Different; one first microstrip line at level m connects two adjacent first microstrip lines at level m-1, different first microstrip lines at level m
  • the connected first microstrip lines at level m-1 are different; wherein, n ⁇ 2, 2 ⁇ m ⁇ n, m and n are both integers.
  • first connection electrode and a second connection electrode arranged on the second surface; and the first connection electrode is electrically connected to the first feed port of the first feed structure; the first The two connection electrodes are electrically connected to the first feed port of the second feed structure.
  • the material of the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode includes copper.
  • first connector and the second connector both of the first connector and the second connector are fixed on the side of the reference electrode layer away from the first surface; and the The first connector is electrically connected to the first connection electrode through the first via hole passing through the reference electrode layer and the first dielectric layer; the second connection electrode is electrically connected to the first connection electrode through the reference electrode layer and the first via hole The second via hole in the first dielectric layer is electrically connected to the second connection electrode.
  • first feeding structure and the second feeding structure are mirror-symmetrical by taking the extension direction of the perpendicular line passing through the width of the reference electrode layer as the axis of symmetry.
  • the transparent antenna also includes:
  • the supporting structure is fixed on the periphery of the first substrate and the second substrate, so that there is a certain distance between the second radiation part and the surface on which the transparent antenna is to be fixed.
  • the transparent antenna has a radiation area and a peripheral area surrounding the radiation area;
  • the support structure has a side wall adapted to the peripheral area;
  • the side wall has a fifth surface and a sixth surface oppositely arranged ;
  • the first dielectric layer is connected to the fifth surface, and the second radiating part is defined in the support structure, and there is a plane between the plane where the second radiating part is located and the plane where the sixth surface is located. a certain distance.
  • the distance between the plane where the second radiating part is located and the plane where the sixth surface is located is d; thickness represents the thickness of the surface to be fixed; ⁇ r represents the dielectric constant of the surface to be fixed.
  • the first dielectric layer includes: a first base material, a first fixing plate and a second base material stacked; the surface of the first base material away from the first fixing plate is the first surface ; The surface of the second base material away from the first fixing plate is the second surface.
  • the reference electrode layer is fixedly connected to the first substrate through a first transparent adhesive layer; the first radiation portion is fixedly connected to the second substrate through a second transparent adhesive layer.
  • the transparent antenna also includes:
  • a plurality of supporting parts are arranged between the second surface and the third surface, so that there is a certain distance between the first radiating part and the second radiating part.
  • the plurality of supporting parts are integrated with the first fixing plate.
  • the material of the first fixing plate includes polycarbonate plastic.
  • the material of the first substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide.
  • the second dielectric layer includes a second fixed plate and a second base material stacked; the surface of the second fixed plate away from the second base material is the third surface; the second base material The surface facing away from the second fixing plate is the fourth surface.
  • the second fixing plate is fixedly connected to the third base material through a third transparent adhesive layer.
  • the second fixing plate includes a plurality of sub-fixing plates arranged at intervals;
  • the second base material includes a plurality of sub-base materials arranged at intervals; wherein, one of the sub-fixing plates and one sub-base material are laminated , and one second radiation portion is provided on a surface of one sub-substrate facing away from the sub-fixing plate.
  • the material of the sub-fixing plate includes polycarbonate plastic.
  • the material of the sub-substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide.
  • the number of the second radiating parts is multiple, and the distance between the adjacently arranged second radiating parts is 35-100 mm.
  • At least one of the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion, and the reference electrode layer includes a metal grid.
  • the first radiating part, the second radiating part, and the reference electrode layer all include a metal grid, and the orthographic projection of the hollow part of the metal grid of the three on the first dielectric layer fully overlapped.
  • the line width of the metal grid is 2-30 ⁇ m; the line spacing is 50-250 ⁇ m; and the line thickness is 1-10 ⁇ m.
  • the operating frequency of the transparent antenna is 2515MHz-2675MHz.
  • first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the correspondingly arranged first radiating portion and the second radiating portion have the same shape.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication system, which includes the above-mentioned transparent antenna.
  • the transparent antenna is fixed on the surface of the glass window.
  • the communication system also includes:
  • a transceiver unit for sending or receiving signals
  • a radio frequency transceiver connected to the transceiver unit, used to modulate the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signal received by the transparent antenna and transmit it to the transceiver unit;
  • a signal amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver or the signal received by the transparent antenna;
  • a power amplifier connected to the radio frequency transceiver, for amplifying the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver or the signal received by the transparent antenna;
  • a filtering unit connected to both the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and connected to the transparent antenna, for filtering the received signal and sending it to the antenna, or filtering the signal received by the transparent antenna .
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a transparent antenna.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a first substrate of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is an A-A' sectional view of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a second substrate of the transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a supporting structure of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transparent antenna fixed to a surface of a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first radiating portion of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a metal grid of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a first radiation layer of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of standing wave ratio of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of isolation of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of gain of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, but include modifications of configurations formed based on manufacturing processes. Accordingly, the regions illustrated in the figures have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions shown in the figures illustrate the specific shapes of the regions of the elements, but are not intended to be limiting.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transparent antenna, which can be applied in glass window systems including but not limited to automobiles, trains (including high-speed rail), airplanes, buildings, and the like.
  • the transparent antenna can be fixed on the inner side of the glass window (the side close to the room). Due to the high optical transmittance of the transparent antenna, it has little effect on the transmittance of the glass window while realizing the communication function, and this kind of transparent antenna will also become a trend of beautifying the antenna.
  • the glass window in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes but not limited to double-layer glass, and the type of glass window may also be single-layer glass, laminated glass, thin glass, thick glass, and the like.
  • the application of the glass window attached with the transparent antenna in the subway window system is taken as an example for illustration.
  • the operating frequency range of the transparent antenna is 2515MHz-2675MHz.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a transparent antenna
  • the transparent antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate oppositely arranged.
  • the first substrate may include a first dielectric layer 10, a reference electrode layer 5, and at least one first radiation portion 3
  • the first dielectric layer 10 includes a first surface (lower surface) and a second surface (upper surface) oppositely arranged.
  • the reference electrode layer 5 is disposed on the first surface, and the first radiation portion 3 is disposed on the second surface.
  • the second substrate includes a second dielectric layer 20 and a second radiation portion 4; the second dielectric layer 20 includes a third surface (lower surface) and a fourth surface (upper surface) oppositely arranged; the second radiation portion 4 is arranged on the fourth surface, and an air gap may be filled between the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 and the third surface of the second dielectric layer.
  • the second radiating portion 4 may be arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the first radiating portion 3 , and the orthographic projections of the correspondingly arranged second radiating portion 4 and the first radiating portion 3 on the first dielectric layer 10 at least partially overlap.
  • the transparent antenna it may also include a feed structure (not shown in FIG. 1 ), and the feed structure may be connected to the first radiation part.
  • the transparent antenna shown in Figure 1 can be a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna, or a transmitting and receiving antenna that transmits signals and receives signals at the same time.
  • the first feed of each feed structure The port receives the radio frequency signal, and the feed structure divides the radio frequency signal into a plurality of sub-signals, and each sub-signal is output by a second feed port to the first radiation part connected to the second feed port, and the first radiation part 3 then sends the sub-signal
  • the signal is fed to the second radiation part 4 corresponding to the first radiation part 3; when the transparent antenna receives the signal, after any second radiation part 4 receives the radio frequency signal, it feeds the radio frequency signal to the second radiation part.
  • the first radiating part 3 transmits the radio frequency signal to the first feeding port through the second feeding port connected thereto.
  • the transparent antenna shown in FIG. 1 is provided with the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4, and the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 are arranged oppositely, the signal (such as a radio frequency signal) is fed through the first radiating part 3.
  • the signal such as a radio frequency signal
  • the opposing first radiating portion 3 and the second radiating portion 4 increase the radiating area of the radiating unit, thereby effectively improving the radiation efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transparent antenna with more optimized performance. The transparent antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure will be specifically described below.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a transparent antenna in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a transparent antenna in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a first substrate of a transparent antenna in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is A-A' cross-sectional view of Fig. 4
  • Fig. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the second substrate of the transparent antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in Fig. 1-6, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a transparent antenna, which includes relatively arranged a first substrate and a second substrate.
  • the first substrate includes a first dielectric layer 10 , a reference electrode layer 5 , at least one first radiation portion 3 and at least one feeding structure 6 .
  • the second substrate includes a second dielectric layer 20 and at least one second radiation portion 4 .
  • the first dielectric layer 10 includes a first surface (lower surface) and a second surface (upper surface) oppositely arranged;
  • the reference electrode layer 5 is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 10, and the first radiation portion 3 and
  • the feeding structure 6 is arranged on the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10, and the feeding structure 6 is configured to feed the first radiating part 3, for example: the feeding structure 6 includes a first feeding port 601 and a second feeding port 601.
  • the second dielectric layer 20 includes a third surface and a fourth surface oppositely arranged, and the third surface is closer to the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 than the fourth surface, and is arranged opposite to the second surface; A support portion 9 is formed between the second surface and the third surface to maintain a gap therebetween.
  • the second radiating part 4 is arranged on the fourth surface of the second medium layer 20, and the orthographic projection of a second radiating part 4 on the first surface of the first medium layer 10 is located at the position of a first radiating part 3 on the first medium Layer 10 within the orthographic projection on the first surface.
  • the second radiating portion 4 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the first radiating portion 3 , and the area of the correspondingly arranged first radiating portion 3 is smaller than the area of the second radiating portion 4 .
  • the transparent antenna in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a receiving antenna, may also be a transmitting antenna, or may be a transmitting and receiving antenna that transmits signals and receives signals simultaneously.
  • both the first radiating portion 3 and the second radiating portion 4 are multiple, and the two are in one-to-one correspondence as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 only shows that there are four first radiating portions 3 and four second radiating portions 4 , but this does not limit the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the reference electrode layer 5 includes but is not limited to a ground electrode layer. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference electrode layer 5 is taken as an example for illustration.
  • the first feed port 601 of the feed structure 6 receives a radio frequency signal, and the feed structure 6 divides the radio frequency signal into a plurality of sub-signals, and each sub-signal is output to the radio frequency signal by a second feed port 602.
  • the electrical port 602 transmits to the first feeding port 601 .
  • the transparent antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 are provided, the radio frequency signal is radiated through the cooperation of the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4, compared with only one As far as the antenna of the first radiating part 3 is concerned, the radiation efficiency is effectively improved.
  • the antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a transparent antenna, which helps to beautify the antenna.
  • the distance between the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 and the third surface of the second dielectric layer 20 is the first distance, that is, there is a certain distance between the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 20 In this case, there may be an air gap between the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 20 .
  • the distance between the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 and the fourth surface of the third dielectric layer is the second distance, and the ratio of the second distance to the first distance is not less than 1.12. Further, the second distance and the first distance The ratio is not less than 1.37. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the ratio of the second distance to the first distance may be specifically defined according to the radiation efficiency of the transparent antenna. In some examples, FIG.
  • the transparent antenna in an embodiment of the present disclosure not only includes the above-mentioned first substrate and second substrate , and also includes a support structure, the support structure is fixed to at least the first substrate, so that the first substrate and the second electrode plate can be fixed to the surface to be fixed, and the second radiating part and the surface to be fixed There is a certain distance.
  • the surface on which the transparent antenna is to be fixed refers to the surface of the glass window to be fixed. It should be understood that when the support structure is fixed on the surface of the glass window, there is no overlap between the support structure and the orthographic projection of the second radiation portion on the surface of the glass window.
  • the supporting structure may be a supporting frame 7, and the supporting frame 7 is fixed on the periphery of the first substrate and the second substrate, so that there is a certain distance between the second radiation part 4 and the surface of the radiation transparent antenna glass window.
  • the support structure can also be a support column, and the number of support columns can be multiple, uniformly connected to the peripheral area of the first dielectric layer 10, so that there is a certain distance between the second radiation part 4 and the surface of the transparent antenna glass window. Since the contact area between the support frame 7 and the surface of the glass window intersects the support column is larger, the support frame 7 is preferably used as the support structure in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the transparent antenna has a radiation area and a peripheral area surrounding the radiation area;
  • the support frame 7 has side walls adapted to the peripheral area.
  • the outline of the peripheral area is a quadrilateral, at this time, the side wall of the support frame 7 is a rectangular ring, that is, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the side wall has a fifth surface (lower surface) and a sixth surface (upper surface) oppositely arranged, and the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 can be connected with the fifth surface to realize the connection between the first substrate and the support frame 7 fixed.
  • a threaded through hole is formed in the peripheral area of the first dielectric layer 10
  • a threaded blind hole is formed on the fifth surface of the side wall of the support frame 7, and screws are screwed into the threaded through hole and the threaded blind hole, so that the first The dielectric layer 10 is fixed to the supporting sidewall.
  • threaded blind holes can be respectively formed at the four corners of the fifth side of the support side wall, and correspondingly formed at the four corners of the peripheral area of the first dielectric layer 10
  • the threads pass through, and the four screws are respectively fixedly connected with the correspondingly provided threaded through holes and threaded blind holes, so as to complete the fixing of the first dielectric layer 10 to the supporting side wall.
  • the support frame 7 and the first dielectric layer 10 are fixed by screwing. In actual products, the support frame 7 and the first dielectric layer 10 can also be fixed by gluing.
  • connection for example: coating a layer of transparent optical glue on the fifth surface of the support frame 7 or the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10, bonding the fifth surface and the second surface through the transparent optical glue, so that the support The frame 7 is connected to the first dielectric layer 10 .
  • This method is simple in process and low in cost, and does not increase the overall thickness of the transparent antenna.
  • the support frame 7 and the first dielectric layer 10 may also be connected by snap connections.
  • the second radiating part 4 is limited in the space enclosed by the side wall of the support frame 7, and there is a certain gap between the plane where the second radiating part 4 is located and the sixth surface of the side wall. spacing. Due to the large dielectric constant and tangent angle loss of the glass itself, when the radio frequency signal radiated by the antenna enters the surface of the glass window, the energy of the radio frequency signal begins to attenuate greatly. In addition, the radio frequency signal injected into the glass window will diffuse along the extension direction of the glass surface, thereby widening the beam width transmitted out of the glass window, and finally reducing the gain of the antenna.
  • the transparent antenna when the transparent antenna is fixed to the glass window through the supporting frame 7 thereon, there is a certain distance between the second radiation part 4 and the glass window, even if the distance is small, it can still ensure Good radiation characteristics, that is, high gain characteristics.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of fixing the transparent antenna to the surface of the glass window according to the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 8 , the supporting frame 7 can make the distance between the second radiation part 4 and the surface of the glass window be d; thickness represents the thickness of the surface of the glass window; ⁇ r represents the dielectric constant of the surface of the glass window.
  • the thickness here indicates the thickness of the inner glass of the glass window; for example: the total thickness of the double-glazed glass is 18mm, the air interlayer in the middle is 9mm, the thickness of the outer glass is 5mm, and the thickness of the inner glass is 4mm, that is, the thickness is 4mm.
  • ⁇ r represents the dielectric constant of the inner glass.
  • the distance between the second radiation part 4 and the glass window surface is 10 mm (0.086 ⁇ c; ⁇ c: center frequency wavelength) at d.
  • the gain of the antenna is relatively high after the transparent antenna is attached to the glass window, for example, not lower than 8dBi.
  • the farther the second radiation portion 4 is from the glass window the better the radiation performance.
  • the ratio of the distance d between the second radiation portion 4 and the surface of the glass window to the distance (second distance) between the second surface of the first dielectric layer and the fourth surface of the second dielectric layer is not less than 1.18.
  • the radiation efficiency can be improved by reasonably setting the ratio of d to the second distance.
  • the material of the support frame 7 can include plastic, such as: polycarbonate plastic (Polycarbonate; PC), cycloolefin polymer plastic (Copolymers of Cycloolefin; COP) or acrylic/plexiglass (Polymethyl Methacrylate; PMMA), etc. .
  • plastic such as: polycarbonate plastic (Polycarbonate; PC), cycloolefin polymer plastic (Copolymers of Cycloolefin; COP) or acrylic/plexiglass (Polymethyl Methacrylate; PMMA), etc.
  • the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and the patterns of the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 are the same, as shown in FIG. 1
  • the structure is similar.
  • the shapes of the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 are both circular or polygonal.
  • both the first radiating portion 3 and the second radiating portion 4 are centrosymmetric figures, and the orthographic projections of their centers on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 10 coincide.
  • both the first radiating portion 3 and the second radiating portion 4 are polygonal, and the internal angle of each polygon is greater than 90°.
  • the polygon is an octagon, which includes successively connecting the first side, the second side, the third side, the fourth side, the fifth side, the sixth side, the seventh side and the eighth side side;
  • the extension direction of the first side is the same as the extension direction of the fifth side, and is perpendicular to the extension direction of the third side;
  • a second feed port of the first feed structure and a second feed port of the second feed structure The second feed ports are respectively connected to the second side and the fourth side.
  • the polygon is equivalent to cutting off the four right angles of the square to form flat chamfers. The reason why the flat chamfers are formed is to achieve impedance matching and reduce loss.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the first radiating portion of the transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 9 , the second side, the fourth side, the sixth side and the The length of the eighth side is the same, the length of the first side and the fifth side are equal, the length of the third side is the same as that of the seventh side; the extension line of the first side and the extension line of the third side
  • the shortest distance between the intersection point P3 and the chamfer is S1
  • the minimum distance between the center P3 of the first radiating part and the second side is S2;
  • the second radiating part 4 and the first radiating part 3 adopt the same shape.
  • first radiating portion 3 and the second radiating portion 4 both have the shapes shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the transparent antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, which includes two feed structures 6 , denoted by a first feed structure 61 and a second feed structure 62 respectively. Both the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 include one first feed port 601 and four second feed ports 602 . Among them, the four second feed ports 602 of the first feed structure 61 are connected to the four first radiation parts 3 in one-to-one correspondence, and the second feed ports 602 of the first feed structure 61 are connected to the first radiation parts 3 The connection node of is the first node P1.
  • the second ports of the second feed structure 62 are respectively connected to the four first radiation parts 3 in one-to-one correspondence, and the connection node between the second feed port 602 of the second feed structure 62 and the first radiation parts 3 is the second node P2.
  • the extension direction of the connection line between the first node P1 and the center O intersects the extension direction of the connection line between the second node P2 and the center O, that is, the first node P1
  • the second node P2 and the central line O are not on the same straight line. That is to say, the feeding directions of the first feeding structure 61 and the second feeding structure 62 to the same first radiating part 3 are different, so as to realize a dual-polarization transparent antenna.
  • the second feeding port 602 of the first feeding structure 61 and the second feeding structure are respectively connected to two adjacent chamfers. At this time, the feeding direction of the first feeding structure 61 and the second feeding structure 62 to the same first radiating part 3 can be realized. different.
  • any first radiating part 3 when the second feed port 602 of the first feed structure 61 and the second feed port 602 of the second feed structure 62 are respectively connected to two adjacent flat At the midpoint of the corner, the extending direction of the line connecting the first node and the center on the first radiation portion 3 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the line connecting the second node and the center.
  • the feeding direction of the first feeding structure 61 is the horizontal direction
  • the feeding direction of the second feeding structure 62 is the vertical direction.
  • the second feed port 602 of the first feed structure 61 and the second feed port 602 of the second feed structure 62 may not be connected to the midpoints of two adjacent chamfers, as long as the first The extension direction of the connection line between the second feed port 602 of a feed structure 61 and the connection node of the first radiation part 3 and the center of the first radiation part 3 , and the second feed port of the second feed structure 62 602 and the connecting node of the first radiation part 3 and the extension direction of the line connecting the center of the first radiation part 3 need not coincide.
  • the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 are separately arranged on both sides of the first radiating part 3 , and a perpendicular line running through one side of a first radiating part
  • the axis of symmetry, the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 are mirror images.
  • both the first feeding structure 61 and the second feeding structure 62 can be power dividing feeding networks; for example: the number of first radiating parts 3 is 2 n , and each first radiating part 3 The length direction of the transparent antenna is arranged at intervals; the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 both include n-level first microstrip lines 603; a first microstrip line 603 at the first level connects two adjacent The first radiating part 3 of the first radiating part 3, and the first radiating parts 3 connected to different first microstrip lines 603 at the first level are different; one first microstrip line 603 at the mth level is connected to the m-th level For the two adjacent first microstrip lines 603 of level 1, the first microstrip lines 603 connected to different first microstrip lines 603 at level m-1 are different; where n ⁇ 2, 2 ⁇ m ⁇ n, m and n are both integers.
  • the end of the first microstrip line 603 at the first level connected to the first radiation part 3 serves as the second feed port 602 of the first feed structure 61, located at The first microstrip line 603 of the nth level is not connected with one end of the first microstrip line 603 of the n ⁇ 1th level as the first feeding port 601 of the first feeding structure 61 .
  • one end of the first microstrip line 603 at the first level connected to the first radiation part 3 is used as the second feeding port 602 of the second feeding structure 62, and the second feeding port 602 at the nth level
  • One end of a microstrip line 603 not connected to the first microstrip line 603 at the n ⁇ 1th level serves as the first feed port 601 of the second feed structure 62 .
  • the number of the first radiating part 3 is four, and the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 both adopt two-stage first microstrip lines 603 divided into two and divided into four.
  • the first feed structure 61 the two ends of the two first microstrip lines 603 (as the second feed ports 602) at the first level are respectively connected to two adjacent first radiating parts 3; Both ends of the first microstrip line 603 of the first level are respectively connected to two first microstrip lines 603 of the first level (connected to the midpoint of the first microstrip line 603), and the first microstrip line of the second level
  • the midpoint position of 603 has a port as the first feeding port 601 .
  • both ends of the two first microstrip lines 603 at the first level are respectively connected to two adjacent first radiating parts 3;
  • the two ends of the first microstrip line 603 at the second level are respectively connected to two first microstrip lines 603 at the first level (connected to the midpoint of the first microstrip line 603), and the first microstrip line at the second level
  • the midpoint of the microstrip line 603 has a port as the first feeding port 601 .
  • the first feed port 601 of the first feed structure 61 is connected to the first connection electrode 101 as a first feed end; the first feed port 601 of the second feed structure 62 is connected to the second connection electrode 102, serving as the second power feeding terminal.
  • the material of the first connection electrode 101 and the second connection electrode 102 includes but not limited to copper, for example, metal materials such as aluminum and silver may also be used. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is preferable to use copper connection electrodes, so as to effectively reduce the insertion loss of radio frequency signals.
  • the transparent antenna not only includes the above-mentioned structure, but also includes: a first connector 8 and a second connector (not shown in the figure), the first connector 8 and the second connector have the same structure, and the first connector 8 and the second connector have the same structure, and the second connector A connector 8 and a second connector are fixed on the side of the reference electrode layer 5 facing away from the first surface; and the first connector is connected to the first via hole through the reference electrode layer 5 and the first dielectric layer 10.
  • the electrode 101 is electrically connected; the second connecting electrode is electrically connected to the second connecting electrode 102 through a second via hole penetrating through the reference electrode layer 5 and the first dielectric layer 10 .
  • first connector 8 and the second connector 8 are only fixed to the reference electrode layer 5, but actually the first connector 8 and the second connector 8 are insulated from the reference electrode layer 5.
  • the inner cores of the first connector 8 and the second connector 8 are electrically connected to the corresponding power feeding ends.
  • the first connector 8 and the second connector 8 include but are not limited to SMA (Small A Type) connectors.
  • the first dielectric layer 10 of the first substrate includes a first base material 11 , a first fixing plate 12 and a second base material 13 that are stacked.
  • the first base material 11 and the first fixing plate 12 may be fixedly connected through a first adhesive layer; the second base material 13 and the first fixing plate 12 may be fixedly connected through a second adhesive layer.
  • the surface of the first substrate 11 facing away from the first fixing plate 12 is the first surface, and the surface of the second substrate 13 facing away from the first fixing plate 12 is the second surface. That is to say, the reference electrode layer 5 is disposed on the surface of the first substrate 11 facing away from the first substrate 11 , and the first radiation portion 3 and the feeding structure 6 are disposed on the surface of the second substrate 13 facing away from the first fixing plate 12 .
  • the materials of the first base material 11 and the second base material 13 can be the same or different; Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI), etc.
  • PET is used as an example for illustration for the first base material 11 and the second base material 13 .
  • the thickness of the first base material 11 and the second base material 13 is about 50-250 ⁇ m. Since the materials of the first base material 11 and the second base material 13 are soft, they cannot provide good support for the first radiating part 3, the feeding structure 6 and the reference electrode layer 5, and are prone to deformation so that the desired radiation effect cannot be obtained.
  • the first fixed plate 12 is used to maintain the rigidity of the first substrate, and the material of the first fixed plate 12 includes but not limited to polycarbonate plastics (Polycarbonate; PC), cycloolefin polymer plastics (Copolymers of Cycloolefin; COP) or acrylic/ Plexiglass (Polymethyl Methacrylate; PMMA).
  • the thickness of the first fixing plate 12 is about 1-3mm.
  • the materials of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer may be the same or different, for example: the materials of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are both optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of the first radiating part of the transparent antenna according to the embodiment of the present disclosure; A plurality of first metal wires 301 and a plurality of second metal wires 302 intersecting.
  • the first metal lines 301 are arranged side by side along the first direction and extend along the second direction;
  • the second metal lines 302 are arranged side by side along the first direction and extend along the third direction.
  • the ends of the first metal wire 301 and the second metal wire 302 of the first radiating part 3 are connected together, that is, the periphery of the first radiating part 3 is a closed-loop structure.
  • the ends of the first metal wire 301 and the second metal wire 302 of the first radiating part 3 may also be disconnected, that is, the periphery of the first radiating part 3 is radial.
  • the metal grid of the reference electrode layer 5 can be arranged in the same manner as the first radiating part, so details will not be repeated here.
  • the light transmittance of each layer of the metal grid used is about 70%-88%.
  • the orthographic projections of the first radiating part 3 and the hollow part of the metal grid of the reference electrode layer 5 on the first dielectric layer 10 completely overlap, which can effectively improve the light transmittance of the transparent antenna.
  • the extension directions of the first metal wires 301 and the second metal wires 302 of the metal grid may be perpendicular to each other, and in this case, a positive direction or a rectangular hollow part is formed.
  • the extending directions of the first metal wires 301 and the second metal wires 302 of the metal grid can be arranged non-perpendicularly, for example: the angle between the extending directions of the first metal wires 301 and the second metal wires 302 is 45°, at this time Then a diamond-shaped hollow part is formed.
  • the line width, line thickness, and line spacing of the first metal line 301 and the second metal of the metal grid of the first radiation portion 3 and the reference electrode layer 5 are preferably the same, but may also be different.
  • the line width W1 of the first metal line 301 and the second metal line 302 is about 1-30 ⁇ m
  • the line spacing W2 is about 50-250 ⁇ m
  • the line thickness is about 0.5-10 ⁇ m.
  • the reference electrode layer 5 can be formed on the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the first fixing plate 12 by including but not limited to embossing or etching processes;
  • the first radiation portion 3 is formed on the surface of the second substrate 13 away from the first fixing plate 12 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a first radiation layer of a transparent antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 11 , a first radiation layer is formed on the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10, and the first radiation layer includes A metal grid, the metal grid may include a plurality of first metal wires intersecting and a plurality of second metal wires intersecting. Wherein, the first metal lines are arranged side by side along the first direction and extend along the second direction; the second metal lines are arranged side by side along the first direction and extend along the third direction.
  • the first radiation layer includes a plurality of first radiation parts 3 and first redundant radiation electrodes 31, and the first redundant radiation electrodes 31 are disconnected from the first radiation parts 3, that is, the first metal wire and the second The metal wire is disconnected at the junction of the first redundant radiation electrode 31 and the first radiation portion 3 .
  • the first metal wire and the second metal wire in the first radiation electrode are disconnected and arranged at a crossing position.
  • the first radiating part 3 and the first redundant radiating electrode can be formed by one patterning process, and can be formed by forming the first metal line and the second metal line intersecting in the whole layer, and then by forming the first metal line
  • the wire and the second metal wire are chopped to form the first radiation portion 3 and the first redundant radiation electrode.
  • the width of the disconnected position of the first metal wire and the second metal wire in the first radiation layer is about 1-30um.
  • the width of the disconnected position can also be adjusted according to the radiation requirements of the transparent antenna. Specific limits.
  • the reference electrode layer 5 may cover the first surface of the first dielectric layer 10 .
  • the reference electrode layer 5 with this structure is convenient to prepare.
  • the reference electrode layer 5 may also only overlap with the orthographic projections of the first radiating part 5 and the feeding structure 6 on the first dielectric layer 10, and the material of the reference electrode layer 5 is removed for the remaining positions, through which This structure can effectively improve light transmittance.
  • a plurality of support portions 9 are formed between the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 and the third surface of the second dielectric layer 20 to maintain the distance between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • a plurality of supporting parts 9 may be uniformly arranged between the second surface of the first dielectric layer 10 and the third surface of the second dielectric layer 20 .
  • the first fixing plate 12 and the second base material 13 arranged in the above-mentioned stack when the first dielectric layer 10 adopts the first base material 11, the first fixing plate 12 and the second base material 13 arranged in the above-mentioned stack; the first fixing plate 12 and the supporting part 9 can adopt an integral structure, and In this case, the supporting part 9 and the second dielectric layer 20 may be fixed by methods including but not limited to heat-melt posts 10 or locking screws. In this manner, good fixation of the first dielectric layer 10 and the second dielectric layer 20 can be included.
  • the second dielectric layer 20 of the second substrate includes a second fixed plate 21 and a third base material 22 stacked in layers; the third fixed plate and the third base material 22 may be connected by a third adhesive layer Fixed connection.
  • the surface of the second fixing plate 21 facing away from the third base material 22 is the third surface
  • the surface of the third base material 22 facing away from the second fixing plate 21 is the fourth surface. That is to say, the second radiation portion 4 is formed on the surface of the third base material 22 away from the second fixing plate 21 .
  • the third base material 22 can be the same as the material of the above-mentioned first base material 11 and the second base material 13, and can also be different; for example, the third base material 22 is the same as the first base material 11 and the second base material 13 , all adopt flexible film, the material of this flexible film includes but not limited to polyethylene terephthalate (Polyethylene Terephthalate; PET) or polyimide (PI) etc.
  • PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
  • PI polyimide
  • PET is used as an example for illustration for the first base material 11 , the second base material 13 and the third base material 22 .
  • the thickness of the third base material 22 is about 50-250 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the second fixing plate 21 includes but not limited to polycarbonate Ester plastic (Polycarbonate; PC), cycloolefin polymer plastic (Copolymers of Cycloolefin; COP) or acrylic/plexiglass (Polymethyl Methacrylate; PMMA).
  • the thickness of the first fixing plate 12 is about 1-3mm.
  • the material of the 3rd adhesive layer and the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer can be identical, also can be different, for example: the material of the 3rd adhesive layer is identical with the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, both Optically Clear Adhesive (OCA) is used.
  • OCA Optically Clear Adhesive
  • the size of the second radiating portion 4 may be about 50mm ⁇ 50mm ⁇ 60mm ⁇ 60mm, for example, the size of the second radiating portion 4 is 55mm ⁇ 55mm (0.476 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.476 ⁇ c, ⁇ c: center frequency wavelength);
  • the distance between adjacent second radiation parts 4 is about 35-100 mm, for example, the distance between adjacent second radiation parts 4 is 75 mm (0.65 ⁇ c, ⁇ c: center frequency wavelength).
  • the size of the second radiating part 4 and the distance between the radiating parts can also be specifically limited according to the size and various performance parameters of the transparent antenna.
  • the second radiation part 4 may have the same structure as the first radiation part, that is, preferably the second radiation part may adopt a metal grid structure.
  • the second radiating part, the first radiating part and the reference electrode all adopt a metal grid structure, the orthographic projections of the hollow parts of the three on the first dielectric layer 10 completely overlap, so that the radiation efficiency and gain can be improved.
  • Optical transmittance The structure of the second radiating part 4 is the same as that of the first radiating part 3 , the only difference is that the area of the second radiating part 4 is larger than that of the first radiating part 3 , so the specific structure of the second radiating part 4 will not be repeated. In some examples, as shown in FIG.
  • the second dielectric layer 20 in the second substrate includes a second fixed plate 21 and a third substrate 22 arranged in layers; wherein, the second fixed plate 21 includes a plurality of sub-fixed plates;
  • the third substrate 22 includes a plurality of sub-substrates; and the sub-substrates and the sub-substrates are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; wherein, a second radiation portion 4 is set on the surface of the sub-substrates on the back of the ion-fixed plate, and the sub-substrates and the fixed plate bonded by a third adhesive layer.
  • the sub-fixing plate can be made of the same material as the above-mentioned second fixing plate 21
  • the sub-base material can be made of the same material as the above-mentioned third base material 22 , so they are not listed here.
  • the support portion 9 can be integrated with the first fixing plate.
  • the supporting part 9 is used to ensure the relative stability of the sub-fixing plate and the first medium layer 10 .
  • through holes are set at the four corners of the sub-fixing plate, and heat-melt columns 10 are set on the support part 9, and the heat-melting columns 10 are set in one-to-one correspondence with the passages on the sub-fixing plate, and the two are connected together by thermal fusion .
  • the setting of the supporting part 9 can make the distance between the correspondingly arranged first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part 4 be about 4 mm to 8 mm. By setting the first radiating part 3 and the second radiating part reasonably 4, which can effectively reduce the transmission loss of radio frequency signals.
  • the second radiating part 4 may have the same structure as the first radiating part 3, both of which use metal grids, and the structure of the metal grid is the same as that of the first radiating part 3 of the above-mentioned metal grid, so here No longer.
  • the light transmittance of the transparent antenna can reach about 70%-88%.
  • the materials of the reference electrode layer 5, the first radiating portion 3, the second radiating portion 4, and the feeding structure 6 all include but not limited to metal materials such as copper, silver, aluminum, etc. Not limited.
  • the overall size of the transparent antenna can be about 420 mm ⁇ 180 mm ⁇ 360 mm ⁇ 140 mm, for example, the overall size of the transparent antenna is 385 mm ⁇ 160 mm (3.33 ⁇ c ⁇ 1.384 ⁇ c); Substrate, and support frame 7.
  • the first substrate includes a first dielectric layer 10, a reference electrode layer 5, a first radiation portion 3, a first feed structure 61, and a second feed structure 62;
  • the first dielectric layer 10 includes a first substrate 11 stacked in layers , the first fixed plate 12 and the second base material 13, the first base material 11 and the first fixed plate 12 are connected by the first adhesive layer, and the second base material 13 and the second fixed plate 21 are bonded by the second layer connection;
  • the reference electrode layer 5 is arranged on the surface of the first substrate 11 away from the first fixed plate 12, and the main radiation layer, the first feed structure 61 and the second feed structure 62 are arranged on the second substrate 13 away from the first Fix the surface of the plate 12.
  • the number of main radiation layers is 4, and they are arranged side by side along the length direction of the transparent antenna.
  • the first feeding structure 61 and the second feeding structure 62 adopt a power dividing feeding network, that is, the feeding shown in FIG. 3 structure6.
  • the second substrate includes a second fixed plate 21 and a third base material 22 that are stacked; wherein, the second fixed plate 21 includes a plurality of sub-fixed plates; the third base material 22 includes a plurality of sub-base materials; and the sub-fixed plate and the sub-base The materials are provided in one-to-one correspondence; wherein, a second radiation portion 4 is provided on the surface of the sub-substrate facing away from the ion fixing plate, and the sub-substrate and the fixing plate are bonded by a third adhesive layer.
  • the size of the second radiating portion 4 can be about 50mm ⁇ 50mm ⁇ 60mm ⁇ 60mm, for example, the size of the second radiating portion 4 is 55mm ⁇ 55mm (0.476 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.476 ⁇ c, ⁇ c: center frequency wavelength);
  • the distance between the radiation parts 4 is about 75mm (0.65 ⁇ c).
  • the first base material 11, the second base material 13 and the third base material 22 all adopt PET transparent film;
  • the thickness of the fixing plate 21 is about 1-3 mm.
  • the main radiation layer, the parasitic radiation layer and the reference electrode layer 5 all use metal grids, the line width of the metal grid is 2-30 ⁇ m; the line spacing is 50-250 ⁇ m; the line thickness is 1-10 ⁇ m.
  • the support frame 7 is relatively fixed to the first fixing plate 12, and the support frame 7 is fixed to the glass window through adhesive material.
  • the support frame 7 can make the distance between the second radiation part 4 and the surface of the glass window 10mm (0.086 ⁇ c, ⁇ c is the wavelength of the center frequency).
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of standing wave ratio of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. It can be seen from Fig. 12 that the transparent antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure has been optimized to obtain an excellent matching characteristic with a standing wave ratio in the working frequency lower than 1.18.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of isolation of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The isolation of the transparent antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure is greater than 22dB within the operating frequency.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of gain of a transparent antenna attached to a glass window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transparent antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure can achieve a high gain characteristic greater than 8dBi, ensuring the strength of sending and receiving communication signals.
  • the transparent antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure first uses PET transparent film as the first substrate 11, and uses a metal grid imprinting or etching process to obtain a transparent metal conductive film with excellent surface light transmittance, and serves as a transparent antenna.
  • Reference electrode layer 5 , first radiation portion 3 , and second radiation portion 4 are bonded to a hard transparent fixing plate with a thickness of 1-3 mm by OCA optical glue to improve the physical strength of the structure. Therefore, using this process can not only realize the excellent light transmittance of the antenna, but also ensure the reliability of the overall structure of the antenna, which greatly improves the mass production.
  • the transparent antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure can be attached to the glass window for use, realizing the integration of the antenna and the glass window environment, and playing the role of concealing and beautifying the indoor environment.
  • the large dielectric constant and tangent angle loss of the glass itself when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna enters the glass surface, the energy of the electromagnetic wave begins to attenuate greatly.
  • the electromagnetic wave injected into the glass will diffuse along the epitaxial direction of the glass surface, thereby widening the width of the beam transmitted out of the glass, and finally reducing the gain of the antenna.
  • the transparent antenna in the embodiment of the present disclosure utilizes the design of the transparent ring-shaped support frame 7, which cleverly reserves an effective radiation gap of 10mm (0.086 ⁇ c, where ⁇ c is the wavelength of the center frequency) for the parasitic radiation surface of the antenna and the inner surface of the glass window ), so that the transparent antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can still ensure good radiation characteristics, that is, high gain characteristics, even when a glass window is attached at a close distance. The farther the distance between the transparent antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure and the glass window, the better the radiation performance.
  • the transparent annular support frame 7 itself is a hollow structure, the weight of the support frame 7 is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the overall weight of the transparent antenna, which plays an important role in the firmness attached to the glass window .
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna system, which may include the above-mentioned transparent antenna 1 , and the transparent antenna 1 may be fixed on the inner side of a glass window, as shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the glazing system in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in glazing systems of automobiles, trains (including high-speed rail), airplanes, buildings, and the like.
  • the transparent antenna 1 can be fixed on the inside of the glass window (the side near the room). Since the optical transmittance of the transparent antenna 1 is relatively high, it has little effect on the transmittance of the glass window while realizing the communication function, and this kind of transparent antenna 1 will also become a trend of beautifying the antenna.
  • the glass window in the embodiment of the present disclosure includes but not limited to double-layer glass, and the type of glass window may also be single-layer glass, laminated glass, thin glass, thick glass, and the like.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 16, the antenna system provided by this embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, a unit.
  • the transparent antenna 1 in the antenna system can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna.
  • the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end.
  • the baseband provides signals of at least one frequency band, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and sends the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver.
  • the transparent antenna 1 in the antenna system After the transparent antenna 1 in the antenna system receives the signal, it can be processed by a filter unit, a power amplifier, a signal amplifier, and a radio frequency transceiver, and then transmitted to the receiving end in the sending unit.
  • the receiving end can be a smart gateway, for example.
  • the radio frequency transceiver is connected with the transceiver unit, and is used for modulating the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or for demodulating the signal received by the transparent antenna and then transmitting it to the transceiver unit.
  • the radio frequency transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulating circuit, and a demodulating circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulating circuit may modulate the various types of signals provided by the baseband, and then sent to the antenna.
  • the transparent antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver, and the receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signal and then transmits it to the receiving end.
  • the radio frequency transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected to a filtering unit, and the filtering unit is connected to at least one transparent antenna 1 .
  • the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the filter unit;
  • the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmitted to the filter unit;
  • the filter unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit. The filter unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, filters out clutter, and transmits the signal to the transparent antenna.
  • the transparent antenna 1 radiates the signal.
  • the transparent antenna 1 receives the signal and transmits it to the filter unit.
  • the filter unit filters the signal received by the antenna and then transmits it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier.
  • the signal amplifier performs the signal received by the antenna. The gain increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the transparent antenna 1 .
  • the signal received by the transparent antenna 11 is transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver after being processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier, and then the radio frequency transceiver is transmitted to the transceiver unit.
  • the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited here.
  • the antenna system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier and provides the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种透明天线及玻璃窗系统，属于通信技术领域。本公开的透明天线，其包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板；其中，第一基板包括：第一介质层，具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面；参考电极层，设置在第一表面上；至少一个第一辐射部，设置在第二表面上，且与参考电极层在第一表面上的正投影至少部分重叠；至少一个馈电结构，设置在第二表面上，且与第一辐射部进行馈电；第二基板包括：第二介质层，具有相对设置的第三表面和第四表面；第三表面与第二表面相对设置；至少一个第二辐射部，设置在第四表面上，且一个第二辐射部在第一表面的正投影位于一个第一辐射部在第一表面的正投影内。

Description

透明天线及通信系统 技术领域
本发明属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种透明天线及通信系统。
背景技术
随着移动通信技术的不断发展，玻璃窗的附加功能属性日益显著。其中，天线和玻璃窗的融合应用就成为了最具代表性的应用之一。传统天线由于无法做到透明化，其在与透明玻璃窗融合使用时，首先，影响玻璃窗整面环境的美观。其次，由于玻璃对电磁波的强衰减特点，当天线紧贴附于玻璃窗时，天线无法得到有效地电磁能量辐射，最终导致天线增益低的问题。因此，设计出既能保证天线的高增益性能的同时，并能确保天线实现透明化的天线设计方案将会成为一种5G美化天线的趋势。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种透明天线及通信系统。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供一种透明天线，其包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板；其中，
所述第一基板包括：
第一介质层，具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面；
参考电极层，设置在所述第一表面上；
至少一个第一辐射部，设置在所述第二表面上，且与所述参考电极层在所述第一表面上的正投影至少部分重叠；
至少一个馈电结构，设置在所述第二表面上，且与所述第一辐射部进行馈电；
所述第二基板包括：
第二介质层，具有相对设置的第三表面和第四表面；所述第三表面与所 述第二表面相对设置；
至少一个第二辐射部，设置在所述第四表面上，且一个所述第一辐射部在所述第一表面的正投影位于一个所述第二辐射部在所述第一表面的正投影内。
其中，所述第一介质层的第二表面与所述第二介质层的第三表面之间的距离为第一距离；所述第一介质层的第二表面与所述第二介质层的第四表面之间的距离为第二距离；所述第二距离与所述第一距离的比值不小于1.12。
其中，所述第二距离与所述第一距离的比值不小于1.37。
其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部均为中心对称图形，且一个所述第一辐射部的对称中心与一个第二辐射部的对称中心在所述第一表面的正投影重叠。
其中，所述至少一个馈电结构包括第一馈电结构和第二馈电结构；所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构均包括一个第一馈电端口和至少一个第二馈电端口；
所述第一馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口连接一个所述第一辐射部，且二者的连接节点为第一节点；所述第二馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口连接一个所述第一辐射部，且二者的连接节点为第二节点；
对于一个所述第一辐射部，其上的所述第一节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向，与其上的第二节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向具有一定的夹角。
其中，对于一个所述第一辐射部，其上的所述第一节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向，与其上的第二节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向相互垂直。
其中，所述第一辐射部包括多边形，且所述多边形的任一内角均大于90°。
其中，所述多边形包括依次连接第一侧边、第二侧边、第三侧边、第四侧边、第五侧边、第六侧边、第七侧边和第八侧边；所述第一侧边的延伸方 向和第五侧边的延伸方向相同，且与所述第三侧边的延伸方向垂直；所述第一馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口和所述第二馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口分别连接在所述第二侧边和第四侧边上。
其中，所述第一辐射部的数量为2 n个，且各所述第一辐射部沿所述透明天线的长度方向间隔设置；所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构均包括n级第一微带线；
位于第1级的一个所述第一微带线连接两个相邻的所述第一辐射部，且位于第1级的不同的所述第一微带线所连接的所述第一辐射部不同；位于第m级的一个所述第一微带线连接位于第m-1级的两个相邻的所述第一微带线，位于第m级的不同的所述第一微带线所述连接的位于第m-1级的所述第一微带线不同；其中，n≥2，2≤m≤n，m、n均为整数。
其中，还包括：设置在所述第二表面上第一连接电极和第二连接电极；且所述第一连接电极与所述第一馈电结构的第一馈电端口电连接；所述第二连接电极与所述第二馈电结构的第一馈电端口电连接。
其中，所述第一连接电极和所述第二连接电极的材料包括铜。
其中，还包括：第一连接器和所述第二连接器，所述第一连接器和所述第二连接器均固定在所述参考电极层背离所述第一表面的一侧；且所述第一连接器通过贯穿所述参考电极层、所述第一介质层的第一过孔与所述第一连接电极电连接；所述第二连接电极通过贯穿所述参考电极层、所述第一介质层的第二过孔与所述第二连接电极电连接。
其中，以贯穿所述参考电极层宽的中垂线的延伸方向为对称轴，所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构镜像对称。
其中，该透明天线还包括：
支撑结构，固定在所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外围，以使所述第二辐射部与所述透明天线待固定的表面之间存在一定的间距。
其中，所述透明天线具有辐射区和周环绕辐射区的周边区；所述支撑结构具有与所述周边区相适配的侧壁；所述侧壁具有相对设置的第五表面和第 六表面；
所述第一介质层与所述第五表面连接，且所述第二辐射部被限定在所述支撑结构内，且所述第二辐射部所在平面与所述第六表面所在平面之间存在一定的间距。
其中，所述所述第二辐射部所在平面与所述第六表面所在平面之间的间距为d；
Figure PCTCN2021096837-appb-000001
thickness表示所述待固定的表面的厚度；ε r表示所述待固定表面的介电常数。
其中，所述第一介质层包括：叠层设置的第一基材、第一固定板和第二基材；所述第一基材背离所述第一固定板的表面为所述第一表面；所述第二基材背离所述第一固定板的表面为第二表面。
其中，所述参考电极层通过第一透明粘合层与所述第一基材固定连接；所述第一辐射部通过第二透明粘合层与所述第二基材固定连接。
其中，该透明天线还包括：
多个支撑部，设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间，以使所述第一辐射部和第二辐射部之间存在一定的距离。
其中，所述多个支撑部与所述第一固定板为一体结构。
其中，所述第一固定板的材料包括聚碳酸酯塑料。
其中，所述第一基材的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或者聚酰亚胺。
其中，所述第二介质层包括叠层设置第二固定板和第二基材；所述第二固定板背离所述第二基材的表面为所述第三表面；所述第二基材背离所述第二固定板的表面为第四表面。
其中，所述第二固定板通过第三透明粘合层与所述第三基材固定连接。
其中，所述第二固定板包括多个间隔设置的子固定板；所述第二基材包括多个间隔设置的子基材；其中，一个所述子固定板与一个子基材叠层设置，且一个所述子基材背离所述子固定板的表面上设置一个所述第二辐射部。
其中，所述子固定板的材料包括聚碳酸酯塑料。
其中，所述子基材的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或者聚酰亚胺。
其中，所述第二辐射部的数量为多个，且相邻设置的所述第二辐射部的之间的间距为35-100mm。
其中，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部、所述参考电极层中的至少一者包括金属网格。
其中，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部、所述参考电极层均包括金属网格，且三者的所述金属网格的镂空部在所述第一介质层上的正投影完全重叠。
其中，所述金属网格的线宽为2-30μm；线间距为50-250μm；线厚度为1-10μm。
其中，所述透明天线的工作频率为2515MHz-2675MHz。
其中，所述第一辐射部与所述第二辐射部一一对应设置，且对应设置的所述第一辐射部与所述第二辐射部的形状相同。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供一种通信系统，其包括上述的透明天线。
其中，所述透明天线固定在玻璃窗表面。
其中，所述通信系统还包括：
收发单元，用于发送信号或接收信号；
射频收发机，与所述收发单元相连，用于调制所述收发单元发送的信号，或用于解调所述透明天线接收的信号后传输给所述收发单元；
信号放大器，与所述射频收发机相连，用于提高所述射频收发机输出的信号或所述透明天线接收的信号的信噪比；
功率放大器，与所述射频收发机相连，用于放大所述射频收发机输出的信号或所述透明天线接收的信号的功率；
滤波单元，与所述信号放大器、所述功率放大器均相连，且与所述透明天线相连，用于将接收到的信号进行滤波后发送给所述天线，或对所述透明天线接收的信号滤波。
附图说明
图1示意出一种透明天线的截面图。
图2为本公开实施例的透明天线的立体图。
图3为本公开实施例的透明天线的爆炸图。
图4为本公开实施例的透明天线第一基板的俯视图。
图5为图4的A-A＇截面图。
图6为本公开实施例的透明天线的第二基板的部分截面图。
图7为本公开实施例的透明天线的支撑结构的示意图。
图8为本公开实施例的透明天线与玻璃窗表面固定的示意图。
图9为本公开实施例的透明天线的第一辐射部的示意图。
图10为本公开实施例的透明天线的金属网格的示意图。
图11为本公开实施例透明天线的第一辐射层的示意图。
图12为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的驻波比示意图。
图13为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的隔离度示意图。
图14为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的增益示意图。
图15为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的示意图。
图16为本公开实施例的一种天线系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词 前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
本公开实施例不限于附图中所示的实施例，而是包括基于制造工艺而形成的配置的修改。因此，附图中例示的区具有示意性属性，并且图中所示区的形状例示了元件的区的具体形状，但并不是旨在限制性的。
本公开实施例提供一种透明天线，其可应用在包括但不限于汽车、火车(包括高铁)、飞机、建筑物等的玻璃窗系统中。该透明天线可以固定在玻璃窗的内侧(靠近室内的一侧)。由于透明天线的光学透过率较高，故其在实现通信功能是同时对玻璃窗的透过率影响并不大，且该种透明天线也将成为一种美化天线的趋势。其中，本公开实施例中的玻璃窗包括但不限于双层玻璃，玻璃窗的类型还可以是单层玻璃、夹层玻璃、薄玻璃及厚玻璃等。本公开实施例中以该贴附有透明天线的玻璃窗应用在地铁车窗系统为例进行说明。该透明天线的工作频率范围在2515MHz-2675MHz。
图1示意出一种透明天线的截面图；如图1所示，该透明天线包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板。其中，第一基板可以包括第一介质层10、参考电极层5、至少一个第一辐射部3；第一介质层10包括相对设置的第一表面(下表面)和第二表面(上表面)；参考电极层5设置在第一表面上，第一辐射部3设置在的第二表面上。第二基板包括第二介质层20和第二辐射部4；第二介质层20包括相对设置的第三表面(下表面)和第四表面(上表面)；第二辐射部4设置在第四表面，且第一介质层10的第二表面和第二介质层的第三表面之间可以填充空气隙。第二辐射部4可以与第一辐射部3一一对应设置，且对应设置的第二辐射部4和第一辐射部3在第一介质层10上的正投影至少部分重叠。当然，对于该透明天线而言，其还可以包括馈电结构(图1中未视)，该馈电结构可以与第一辐射部连接。
图1所示的透明天线可以是接收天线，也可以是发射天线，亦可以是同 时进行发送信号和接收信号的收发天线，在透明天线进行发送信号时，每个馈电结构的第一馈电端口接收射频信号，馈电结构将射频信号分为多个子信号，每个子信号由一个第二馈电端口输出给该第二馈电端口连接的第一辐射部，第一辐射部3再将子信号馈向该第一辐射部3对应设置的第二辐射部4；在透明天线进行接收信号时，任一个第二辐射部4接收到射频信号后，将射频信号馈向与该第二辐射部对应设置的第一辐射部3，第一辐射部3再将射频信号通过与之连接的第二馈电端口传输给第一馈电端口。
图1所示的透明天线由于设置了第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4，且第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4相对设置，信号(例如射频信号)经由第一辐射部3馈给第二辐射部4，因此相较于仅设置一个辐射部的情况，相对的第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4增加了辐射单元的辐射面积，从而有效提高了辐射效率。在图1所示的透明天线的基础上，本公开开实施例提供一种性能更优化的透明天线，以下对本公开实施例中的透明天线进行具体说明。
第一方面，图2为本公开实施例的透明天线的立体图；图3为本公开实施例的透明天线的爆炸图；图4为本公开实施例的透明天线第一基板的俯视图；图5为图4的A-A＇截面图；图6为本公开实施例的透明天线的第二基板的部分截面图；如图1-6所示，本公开实施例提供一种透明天线，其包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板。第一基板包括第一介质层10、参考电极层5、至少一个第一辐射部3和至少一个馈电结构6。第二基板包括第二介质层20和至少一个第二辐射部4。其中，第一介质层10包括相对设置的第一表面(下表面)和第二表面(上表面)；参考电极层5设置在第一介质层10的第一表面上，第一辐射部3和馈电结构6设置在第一介质层10的第二表面上，且馈电结构6被配置为给第一辐射部3进行馈电，例如：馈电结构6包括第一馈电端口601和第二馈电端口602，馈电结构6的第二馈电端口602直接与第一辐射部3电连接，第一馈电端口601被配置为接收和/或发送射频信号。第二介质层20包括相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，且第三表面相较第四表面更靠近第一介质层10的第二表面，并与第二表面相对设置；例如，在第二表面和第三表面之间形成支撑部9，以维持二者之间的间隙。 第二辐射部4设置在第二介质层20的第四表面上，且一个第二辐射部4在第一介质层10的第一表面上的正投影位于一个第一辐射部3在第一介质层10的第一表面上的正投影内。例如：第二辐射部4与第一辐射部3一一对应设置，且对应设置的第一辐射部3的面积小于第二辐射部4的面积。
需要说明的是，本公开实施例中的透明天线可以是接收天线，也可以是发射天线，亦可以是同时进行发送信号和接收信号的收发天线。其中，在本公开实施例中均以第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4均为多个，且二者一一对应为例进行说明。图1中仅示意了第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4的数量均为四个，但不对本公开实施例构成限制。参考电极层5包括但不限于接地电极层，在本公开实施例中，以参考电极层5为接地电极层为例进行说明。
当透明天线进行发送信号时，馈电结构6的第一馈电端口601接收射频信号，馈电结构6将射频信号分为多个子信号，每个子信号由一个第二馈电端口602输出给该第二馈电端口602连接的第一辐射部3，第一辐射部3再将子信号馈向与之正对的第二辐射部4；在辐射天线进行接收信号时，任意一个第二辐射部4接收到射频信号后，将射频信号馈向与该第二辐射部4正对的第一辐射部3，第二辐射部4再将射频信号通过与该第一辐射部3连接的第二馈电端口602传输给第一馈电端口601。
本公开实施例中所提供的透明天线，由于设置了第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4，通过第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4配合对射频信号进行辐射，相较仅设置一个第一辐射部3的天线而言，有效的提高了辐射效率。而且本公开实施例的天线为透明天线，有助于天线的美化。
在一些示例中，第一介质层10的第二表面和第二介质层20的第三表面之间的距离为第一距离，也即第一介质层10和第二介质层20之间存在一定的间隙，此时在第一介质层10和第二介质层20之间可以为空气隙。第一介质层10的第二表面和第三介质层的第四表面之间的距离为第二距离，第二距离与第一距离的比值不小于1.12，进一步的，第二距离与第一距离的比值不小于1.37。在本公开实施例中第二距离与第一距离的比值可以根据透明天线的辐射效率进行具体限定。在一些示例中，图7为本公开实施例的透明天 线的支撑结构的示意图；如图1、2、7所示，本公开实施例中的透明天线不仅包括上述的第一基板和第二基板，而且还包括支撑结构，该支撑结构至少与第一基板相固定，以使第一基板和第二极板能够与待固定的表面相固定，且使得第二辐射部与待固定的表面之间存在一定间距。其中，透明天线待固定的表面是指待固定的玻璃窗表面。应当理解的是，当支撑结构固定在玻璃窗表面时，支撑结构与第二辐射部在玻璃窗表面上的正投影无重叠。在本公开实施例中，支撑结构可以是支撑框7，该支撑框7固定在第一基板和第二基板的外围，以使第二辐射部4与辐射透明天线玻璃窗表面存在一定间距。当然，支撑结构还可以是支撑柱，支撑柱的数量可以为多个，均匀的连接在第一介质层10的周边区，以使使第二辐射部4与透明天线玻璃窗表面存在一定间距。而由于支撑框7与玻璃窗表面的接触面积相交支撑柱而言更大，在本公开实施例中以支撑结构优选采用支撑框7。
进一步的，透明天线具有辐射区和环绕辐射区的周边区；支撑框7具有与周边区相适配的侧壁。例如；周边区的轮廓为四边形，此时，支撑框7的侧壁则为矩形环，也即如图1所示。其中，侧壁具有相对设置的第五表面(下表面)和第六表面(上表面)，第一介质层10的第二表面可以与第五表面连接，以实现第一基板与支撑框7的固定。例如：在第一介质层10的周边区形成有螺纹通孔，在支撑框7侧壁的第五表面上形成螺纹盲孔，将螺钉拧入螺纹通孔和螺纹盲孔中，以使第一介质层10与支撑侧壁相固定。当支撑框7的侧壁为矩形环时，可以在支撑侧壁的第五侧面的四个拐角位置分别形成螺纹盲孔，相应的在第一介质层10的周边区的四个拐角位置分别形成螺纹通过，通过四个螺钉分别与对应设置的螺纹通孔和螺纹盲孔固定连接，以完成第一介质层10与支撑侧壁相固定。需要说明的是，以上是以支撑框7和第一介质层10采用螺接的方式进行固定的，在实际产品中，支撑框7与第一介质层10之间还可以采用胶粘的方式固定连接，例如：在支撑框7的第五表面或者第一介质层10的第二表面上涂覆一层透明光学胶，通过透明光学胶将第五表面和第二表面相粘结，以使支撑框7和第一介质层10连接。该种方式工艺简单，且成本较低，且并不会增加透明天线的整体厚度。当然， 支撑框7和第一介质层10还可以采用卡扣连接的方式等。
在本公开实施例的透明天线中，第二辐射部4被限定在支撑框7侧壁所围成的空间内，且第二辐射部4所在平面与侧壁的第六表面之间存在一定的间距。由于玻璃本身介电常数以及正切角损耗较大，当天线辐射出的射频信号射入玻璃窗表面后，射频信号的能量便开始大幅衰减。并且，射入玻璃窗内部的射频信号会沿玻璃面外延方向扩散，从而放宽了透射出玻璃窗外的波束宽度，最终导致天线的增益降低。然而，在本公开实施例中，将透明天线通过其上的支撑框7与玻璃窗相固定时，可以使得第二辐射部4与玻璃窗之前存在一定间距，即使该间距较小，依然可以保证良好的辐射特性，即高增益特性。
例如：图8为本公开实施例的透明天线与玻璃窗表面固定的示意图；如图8所示，支撑框7可以使得第二辐射部4与玻璃窗表面之间的间距为d；
Figure PCTCN2021096837-appb-000002
thickness表示玻璃窗的表面的厚度；ε r表示玻璃窗的表面的介电常数。需要说明的是，当玻璃窗采用双层玻璃时，此处的thickness表示玻璃窗的内侧玻璃厚度；例如：双层玻璃总厚度为18mm，中间空气夹层9mm，外侧玻璃厚度5mm，内侧玻璃厚度为4mm，也即thickness为4mm。ε r表示内侧玻璃的介电常数。在一个示例中，当内侧玻璃厚度为4mm时，第二辐射部4与玻璃窗表面之间的间距在d为10mm(0.086λc；λc：中心频率波长)。在该种情况下，将透明天线贴附在玻璃窗后天线增益较高，例如不低于8dBi。另外，第二辐射部4距离玻璃窗距离越远，辐射性能越优异。
在一些示例中，第二辐射部4与玻璃窗表面之间的间距d与第一介质层的第二表面与第二介质层的第四表面之间的距离(第二距离)的比值不小于1.18。通过合理的设置d和第二距离的比值，可以提高辐射效率。
在一些示例中，支撑框7的材质可以包括塑料，例如：聚碳酸酯塑料(Polycarbonate；PC)、环烯烃聚合物塑料(Copolymers of Cycloolefin；COP)或者亚克力/有机玻璃(Polymethyl Methacrylate；PMMA)等。当支撑框7与玻璃窗固定时，可以采用胶粘贴于玻璃窗上。
在一些示例中，在本公开实施例中，第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4一一对应设置，且第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4的图形相同，与图1所示的结构相类似。例如：第一辐射部3第二辐射部4形状均为圆形或者多边形等。在一个示例中，第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4均为中心对称图形，且二者的中心在第一介质层10的第一表面上的正投影重合。在本公开实施例中，以第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4均为多边形，且每个多边形的内角均大于90°。例如：多边形为八边形，其包括依次连接第一侧边、第二侧边、第三侧边、第四侧边、第五侧边、第六侧边、第七侧边和第八侧边；第一侧边的延伸方向和第五侧边的延伸方向相同，且与第三侧边的延伸方向垂直；第一馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口和第二馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口分别连接在第二侧边和第四侧边上。此时，该多边形相当于将正方形的四个直角切除，形成平倒角，之所以形成平倒角的是为了实现阻抗匹配，以降低损耗。
在一些示例中，图9为本公开实施例的透明天线的第一辐射部的示意图；如图9所示，第一辐射部3的第二侧边、第四侧边、第六侧边和第八侧边的长度相同，第一侧边和第五侧边段长度相等，第三侧边和第七侧边的长度相同；第一侧边的延长线和第三侧边的延长线的交点P3到平倒角之间的最短距离为S1，第一辐射部的中心P3到第二侧边之间的最小距离为S2；S1和S2的比值取决于阻抗的要求，例如S2:S1＝2:1。相应的，第二辐射部4与第一辐射部3采用形同的形状。
在以下描述中均以第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4均为图9所示的形状为例。
在一些示例中，如图4所示，该透明天线为一双极化天线，其包括两个馈电结构6，分别用第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62表示。第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62均包括一个第一馈电端口601和四个第二馈电端口602。其中，第一馈电结构61的四个第二馈电端口602与四个第一辐射部3一一对应连接，且第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602与第一辐射部3的连接节点为第一节点P1。第二馈电结构62的第二端口分别与四个第一辐射部3一一对应连接，第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602与第一辐射部3 的连接节点为第二节点P2。同时，对于任意一个第一辐射部3，其上第一节点P1与中心O的连线的延伸方向与第二节点P2与中心O的连线的延伸方向相交，也即，第一节点P1、第二节点P2和中线O不在同一条直线上。也就是说，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62对同一第一辐射部3的馈电方向不同，从而实现双极化透明天线。
在一个示例中，对于任意一个第一辐射部3，当该第一辐射部3的各个平倒角尺寸均相同时，第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602和第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602分别连接在两个相邻的平倒角上，此时，可以实现第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62对同一第一辐射部3的馈电方向不同。
进一步的，对于任意一个第一辐射部3，当第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602和第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602分别连接在两个相邻的平倒角的中点上时，该第一辐射部3上的第一节点与中心的连线的延伸方向与第二节点与中心的连线的延伸方向相互垂直。例如：第一馈电结构61的馈电方向为水平方向，则第二馈电结构62的馈电方向则为垂直方向。当然，第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602和第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602也可以无需分别连接在两个相邻的平倒角的中点，只要满足第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602与第一辐射部3的连接节点与该第一辐射部3的中心的连线的延伸方向，与第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602与第一辐射部3的连接节点与该第一辐射部3的中心的连线的延伸方向非重合即可。
在一些示例中，继续参照图3，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62分设在第一辐射部3的两侧，且以贯穿一个第一辐射部上的一条边的中垂线为对称轴，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62镜像对称。通过该种设置方式，可以第一介质层10的第一表面上的各个器件分布均匀，可以获得较好的辐射方向和增益，同时还可以保证透明天线的光学透过率均一。
在一些示例中，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62均可以为功分馈电网络；例如：第一辐射部3的数量为2 n个，且各第一辐射部3沿所述透明天线的长度方向间隔设置；第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62均包括n级 第一微带线603；位于第1级的一个第一微带线603连接两个相邻的所述第一辐射部3，且位于第1级的不同的第一微带线603所连接的第一辐射部3不同；位于第m级的一个第一微带线603连接位于第m-1级的两个相邻的所述第一微带线603，位于第m级的不同的第一微带线603连接的位于第m-1级的第一微带线603不同；其中，n≥2，2≤m≤n，m、n均为整数。
需要说明的是，在第一馈电结构61中，位于第1级的第一微带线603与第一辐射部3连接的一端作为第一馈电结构61的第二馈电端口602，位于第n级的第一微带线603不与位于第n-1级的第一微带线603的一端作为第一馈电结构61的第一馈电端口601。在第二馈电结构62中，位于第1级的第一微带线603与第一辐射部3连接的一端作为第二馈电结构62的第二馈电端口602，位于第n级的第一微带线603不与位于第n-1级的第一微带线603的一端作为第二馈电结构62的第一馈电端口601。
在一个示例中，继续参照图3，第一辐射部3的数量为四个，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62均采用一分二、二分四两级第一微带线603。在第一馈电结构61中，位于第1级的两个第一微带线603的两端(作为第二馈电端口602)分别连接两个相邻的第一辐射部3；位于第2级的第一微带线603的两端分别连接位于第1级的两条第一微带线603(连接在第一微带线603的中点)，位于第2级的第一微带线603的中点位置具有一端口作为第一馈电端口601。同理，在第二馈电结构62中，位于第1级的两个第一微带线603的两端(作为第二馈电端口602)分别连接两个相邻的第一辐射部3；位于第2级的第一微带线603的两端分别连接位于第1级的两条第一微带线603(连接在第一微带线603的中点)，位于第2级的第一微带线603的中点位置具有一端口作为第一馈电端口601。
在一些示例中，第一馈电结构61的第一馈电端口601连接第一连接电极101，作为第一馈电端；第二馈电结构62的第一馈电端口601连接第二连接电极102，作为第二馈电端。在一个示例中，第一连接电极101和第二连接电极102的材料包括但不限于铜，例如还可以采用铝、银等金属材料。在本公开实施例优选采用铜材质的连接电极，以此可以有效的降低射频信号 的插损。
进一步的，参照图2，透明天线中不仅包括上述结构，还包括：第一连接器8和第二连接器(图中未视)，第一连接器8和第二连接器的结构相同，第一连接器8和第二连接器均固定在参考电极层5背离第一表面的一侧；且第一连接器通过贯穿参考电极层5、第一介质层10的第一过孔与第一连接电极101电连接；第二连接电极器通过贯穿参考电极层5、第一介质层10的第二过孔与第二连接电极102电连接。需要说明的是，第一连接器8和第二连接器8只是与参考电极层5相固定，但实际上第一连接器8和第二连接器8与参考电极层5是绝缘设置的，第一连接器8和第二连接器8的内芯则是与对应馈电端进行电连接。例如，第一连接器8和第二连接器8包括但不限于SMA(Small A Type)连接器。
在一些示例中，如图4和5所示，第一基板的第一介质层10包括叠层设置的第一基材11、第一固定板12和第二基材13。第一基材11和第一固定板12之间可以通过第一粘合层固定连接；第二基材13和第一固定板12之间可以通过第二粘合层固定连接。其中，第一基材11的背离第一固定板12的表面为第一表面，第二基材13背离第一固定板12的表面为第二表面。也就是说，参考电极层5设置在第一基材11背离第一基材11的表面，第一辐射部3和馈电结构6设置在第二基材13背离第一固定板12的表面。
其中，第一基材11和第二基材13的材料可以相同，也可以不同；例如，第一基材11和第二基材13均采用柔性薄膜，该柔性薄膜的材料包括但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate；PET)或者聚酰亚胺(PI)等。在本公开实施例中，以第一基材11和第二基材13均采用PET为例进行说明。其中，第一基材11和第二基材13的厚度大约在50-250μm左右。由于第一基材11和第二基材13材质柔软，无法为第一辐射部3、馈电结构6和参考电极层5提供良好的支撑，易产生形变导致无法获得期望的辐射效果，因此通过第一固定板12来维持第一基板的刚度，该第一固定板12的材料包括但不限于聚碳酸酯塑料(Polycarbonate；PC)、环烯烃聚合物塑料(Copolymers of Cycloolefin；COP)或者亚克力/有机玻璃(Polymethyl  Methacrylate；PMMA)。第一固定板12的厚度大约在1-3mm左右。第一粘合层和第二粘合层的材料可以相同，也可以不同，例如：第一粘合层和第二粘合层的材料均采用透明光学胶(Optically Clear Adhesive；OCA)。
图10为本公开实施例的透明天线的第一辐射部的俯视图；如图10所示，第一辐射部3和参考电极层5包括但不限于金属网格，该金属网格可以包括交叉设置的多条第一金属线301和多条交叉设置的第二金属线302。其中，各第一金属线301沿第一方向并排设置，且沿第二方向延伸；各第二金属线302沿第一方向并排设置，且沿第三方向延伸。
在一些示例中，第一辐射部3的第一金属线301和第二金属线302的端部是连接在一起的，也即第一辐射部3的外围为一闭环结构。在实际产品中，如图10所示，第一辐射部3的第一金属线301和第二金属302线的端部也可以互不相连的，也即第一辐射部3的外围呈辐射状。同理，参考电极层5的金属网格可以按照第一辐射部相同的方式设置，故在此不再重复赘述。在本公开实施例中，所采用的各层金属网格的光线透过率在70％-88％左右。
在一些示例中，第一辐射部3和参考电极层5的金属网格的镂空部在第一介质层10上的正投影完全重叠，这样可以有效的提高透明天线的光线透过率。其中，金属网格的第一金属线301和第二金属线302的延伸方向可以相互垂直，此时则形成正方向或者矩形镂空部。当然，金属网格的第一金属线301和第二金属线302的延伸方向可以非垂直设置，例如：第一金属线301和第二金属线302的延伸方向的夹角为45°，此时则形成菱形镂空部。
在一些示例中，第一辐射部3和参考电极层5的金属网格的第一金属线301和第二金属的线宽、线厚度和线间距优选均相同，当然也可以不相同。例如：第一金属线301和第二金属线302的线宽W1均为1-30μm左右、线间距W2为50-250μm左右；线厚度为0.5-10μm左右。当第一辐射部3和参考电极层5均采用金属网格时，可以通过包括但不限于压印或者刻蚀工艺在第一基材11背离第一固定板12的表面形成参考电极层5；在第二基材13背离第一固定板12的表面形成第一辐射部3。
在一些示例中，图11为本公开实施例透明天线的第一辐射层的示意图；如图11所示，在第一介质层10的第二表面形成有第一辐射层，第一辐射层包括金属网格，该金属网格可以包括交叉设置的多条第一金属线和多条交叉设置的第二金属线。其中，各第一金属线沿第一方向并排设置，且沿第二方向延伸；各第二金属线沿第一方向并排设置，且沿第三方向延伸。其中，第一辐射层包括多个第一辐射部3和第一冗余辐射电极31，第一冗余辐射电极31和第一辐射部3之间断开设置，也即第一金属线和第二金属线在第一冗余辐射电极31和第一辐射部3的交界位置断开设置。第一辐射电极中的第一金属线和第二金属线在交叉位置断开设置。该种情况下，第一辐射部3和第一冗余辐射电极可以采用一次构图工艺形成，而且可以通过形成整层的交叉设置的第一金属线和第二金属线，之后通过对第一金属线和第二金属线进行切碎处理形成第一辐射部3和第一冗余辐射电极。在一些示例中，第一辐射层中的第一金属线和第二金属线的断开位置的宽度均在1-30um左右，当然，也可以根据透明天线的辐射要求对断开位置的宽度进行具体限定。在一些示例中，参考电极层5可以覆盖第一介质层10的第一表面。该种结构的参考电极层5方便制备。在一些示例中，参考电极层5的也可以仅与第一辐射部5和馈电结构6在第一介质层10上的正投影重叠，对于其余位置参考电极层5的材料被去除，通过该种结构可以有效的提高光线透过率。当然，应该理解的，只要参考电极层5在第一介质层10上的正投影重叠覆盖第一辐射部5和馈电结构6在第一介质层10上的正投影即可，对于参考电极层5的形状在本公开实施例中并不进行限定。
在一些示例中，在第一介质层10的第二表面和第二介质层20的第三表面之间形成有多个支撑部9，以维持第一基板和第二基板之间的间距。例如：多个支撑部9可以在第一介质层10的第二表面和第二介质层20的第三表面之间均匀排布。
在一个示例中，当第一介质层10采用上述叠层设置的第一基材11、第一固定板12和第二基材13；第一固定板12和支撑部9可以采用一体结构，在该种情况下支撑部9与第二介质层20可以通过包括但不限于热熔柱10或 者锁螺丝的方式固定。通过该种方式，可以包括第一介质层10和第二介质层20良好的固定。
在一些示例中，第二基板的第二介质层20包括叠层设置的第二固定板21和第三基材22；第三固定板和第三基材22之间可以通过第三粘合层固定连接。其中，第二固定板21背离第三基材22的表面为第三表面，第三基材22背离第二固定板21的表面为第四表面。也就是说，第二辐射部4形成在第三基材22背离第二固定板21的表面。
其中，第三基材22可以与上述的第一基材11和第二基材13的材料相同，也可以不同；例如，第三基材22与第一基材11和第二基材13相同，均采用柔性薄膜，该柔性薄膜的材料包括但不限于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate；PET)或者聚酰亚胺(PI)等。在本公开实施例中，以第一基材11、第二基材13和第三基材22均采用PET为例进行说明。其中，第三基材22的厚度大约在50-250μm左右。由于第三基材22材质柔软，无法为第二辐射部4提供良好的支撑，因此通过第二固定板21来维持第二基板的硬度，该第二固定板21的材料包括但不限于聚碳酸酯塑料(Polycarbonate；PC)、环烯烃聚合物塑料(Copolymers of Cycloolefin；COP)或者亚克力/有机玻璃(Polymethyl Methacrylate；PMMA)。第一固定板12的厚度大约在1-3mm左右。第三粘合层与第一粘合层、第二粘合层的材料可以相同，也可以不同，例如：第三粘合层与第一粘合层、第二粘合层的材料相同，均采用透明光学胶(Optically Clear Adhesive；OCA)。
在一些示例中，第二辐射部4的尺寸可以为50mm×50mm～60mm×60mm左右，例如第二辐射部4的尺寸为55mm×55mm(0.476λc×0.476λc，λc：中心频率波长)；相邻设置的第二辐射部4的之间的间距在35-100mm左右，例如相邻设置的第二辐射部4的之间的间距为75mm(0.65λc，λc：中心频率波长)。当然，对于第二辐射部4的尺寸以及各个辐射部之间的间距还可以根据透明天线的尺寸以及各种性能参数进行具体限定。
在一些示例中，第二辐射部4可以与第一辐射部的结构相同，也即优选的第二辐射部可以采用金属网格结构。例如：当第二辐射部、第一辐射部和 参考电极均采用金属网格结构时，这三者的镂空部在第一介质层10上的正投影完全重叠，以此可以提高辐射效率、增益、光学透过率。对于第二辐射部4与第一辐射部3的结构相同，区别仅在于第二辐射部4的面积比第一辐射部3的面积大，因此对第二辐射部4的具体结构不再赘述。在一些示例中如图6所示，第二基板中的第二介质层20包括叠层设置的第二固定板21和第三基材22；其中，第二固定板21包括多个子固定板；第三基材22包括多个子基材；且子固定板和子基材一一对应设置；其中，子基材背离子固定板的表面上设置一个第二辐射部4，且子基材和固定板之间通过第三粘合层粘结。
其中，子固定板可以与上述的第二固定板21采用相同材料，子基材可以与上述第三基材22采用相同材料，故在此不再一一列举。
在一个示例中，当第二固定板21包括多个子固定板时，支撑部9可以与第一固定板为一体结构，在该种情况下，可以在子固定板的各拐角位置处分别设置一个支撑部9，以保证子固定板与第一介质层10相对稳定。例如：在子固定板的四个拐角设置通孔，支撑部9上设置热熔柱10，热熔柱10与子固定板上的通过一一对应设置，二者通过热熔的方式连接在一起。
在一些示例中，支撑部9的设置可以使得对应设置的第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4之间的间距在4mm～8mm左右，通过合理的设置第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4之间的间距，可有效的减小射频信号的传输损耗。
在一些示例中，第二辐射部4可以与第一辐射部3结构相同，均采用金属网格，该金属网格的结构与上述的金属网格的第一辐射部3结构相同，故在此不再赘述。
另外，当参考电极层5、第一辐射部3和第二辐射部4均采用金属网格时，该透明天线的光线透过率可达到70％-88％左右。
在一些示例中，参考电极层5、第一辐射部3、第二辐射部4和馈电结构6的材料均包括但不限于例如铜、银、铝等金属材料，在本公开实施例对此并不进行限定。
为了更清楚本公开实施例的透明天线结构以及效果。以下给出一种具体的透明天线结构。
参照图1-6，该透明天线整体尺寸可以为420mm×180mm～360mm×140mm左右，例如透明天线整体尺寸为385mm×160mm(3.33λc×1.384λc)；其包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板，以及支撑框7。第一基板包括第一介质层10、参考电极层5、第一辐射部3、第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62；第一介质层10包括叠层设置的第一基材11、第一固定板12和第二基材13，第一基材11和第一固定板12通过第一粘合层连接，第二基材13和第二固定板21之间通过第二粘合层连接；参考电极层5设置在第一基材11背离第一固定板12的表面，主辐射层和第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62设置在第二基材13背离第一固定板12的表面。主辐射层的数量为4个，且沿该透明天线的长度方向并排间隔设置，第一馈电结构61和第二馈电结构62采用功分馈电网络，也即图3所示的馈电结构6。第二基板包括叠层设置的第二固定板21和第三基材22；其中，第二固定板21包括多个子固定板；第三基材22包括多个子基材；且子固定板和子基材一一对应设置；其中，子基材背离子固定板的表面上设置一个第二辐射部4，且子基材和固定板之间通过第三粘合层粘结。第二辐射部4的尺寸可以为50mm×50mm～60mm×60mm左右，例如第二辐射部4的尺寸为55mm×55mm(0.476λc×0.476λc，λc：中心频率波长)；相邻设置的第二辐射部4的之间的间距在75mm(0.65λc)左右。其中，第一基材11、第二基材13和第三基材22均采用PET透明薄膜；第一固定板12和第二固定板21均采用塑料固定板，第一固定板12和第二固定板21的厚度在1-3mm左右。主辐射层、寄生辐射层和参考电极层5均采用金属网格，金属网格的线宽为2-30μm；线间距为50-250μm；线厚度为1-10μm。支撑框7与第一固定板12相对固定，将支撑框7通过胶材与玻璃窗相固定，该支撑框7可以使得第二辐射部4与玻璃窗表面之间的间距在10mm(0.086λc，λc为中心频率的波长)。
根据上述透明天线，发明人进行了仿真实验。图12为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的驻波比示意图。由图12可知，本公开实施例的透 明天线通过优化得到了工作频率内驻波比低于1.18的优秀匹配特性。图13为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的隔离度示意图。本公开实施例的透明天线在工作频率内隔离度大于22dB。图14为本公开实施例的透明天线贴附于玻璃窗的增益示意图。本公开实施例的透明天线可实现大于8dBi的高增益特性，保证了通信信号的收发强度。
本公开实施例所提供的透明天线，首先是以PET透明薄膜为第一基材11，并利用金属网格压印或蚀刻工艺得到表面透光性优秀的透明金属导电薄膜，并作为透明天线的参考电极层5、第一辐射部3、以及第二辐射部4。接下来，再将得到的三种不同导电膜，通过OCA光学胶贴合于厚度为1-3mm的硬质透明固定板上以提高结构的物理强度。因此，利用该工艺不仅可以实现天线优秀的透光性，还可以保证天线整体结构的可靠性，大大提高了量产性。其二，得益于天线的透明化特点，本公开实施例的透明天线可以贴附在玻璃窗使用，实现天线与玻璃窗环境的融合，起到了隐蔽及美化室内环境的作用。其三，由于玻璃本身介电常数以及正切角损耗较大，当天线辐射出的电磁波射入玻璃表面后，电磁波能量便开始大幅衰减。并且，射入玻璃内部的电磁波会沿玻璃面外延方向扩散，从而放宽了透射出玻璃外的波束宽度，最终导致天线的增益降低。然而，本公开实施例的透明天线利用透明的环状支撑框7设计，巧妙地为天线的寄生辐射面与玻璃窗内表面预留出了有效辐射间隙10mm(0.086λc，λc为中心频率的波长)，使本公开实施例的透明天线即使在近距离贴附玻璃窗的情况下，依然可以保证良好的辐射特性，即高增益特性。本公开实施例的透明天线距离玻璃窗距离越远，辐射性能越优异。其四，由于透明的环状支撑框7本身是中空结构，因此，支撑框7的重量得到大大减轻，从而减轻了透明天线的整体重量，对于贴附于玻璃窗后的牢固度起到重要作用。
第二方面，本公开实施例中提供一种天线系统，其可以包括上述的透明天线1，该透明天线1可以固定在玻璃窗的内侧，如图15所示。
本公开实施例中的玻璃窗系统可用于汽车、火车(包括高铁)、飞机、建筑物等的玻璃窗系统中。该透明天线1可以固定在玻璃窗的内侧(靠近室 内的一侧)。由于透明天线1的光学透过率较高，故其在实现通信功能是同时对玻璃窗的透过率影响并不大，且该种透明天线1也将成为一种美化天线的趋势。其中，本公开实施例中的玻璃窗包括但不限于双层玻璃，玻璃窗的类型还可以是单层玻璃、夹层玻璃、薄玻璃及厚玻璃等。
在一些示例中，图16为本公开实施例的一种天线系统的示意图；如图16所示，本公开实施例提供的天线系统还包括收发单元、射频收发机、信号放大器、功率放大器、滤波单元。天线系统中的透明天线1可以作为发送天线，也可以作为接收天线。其中，收发单元可以包括基带和接收端，基带提供至少一个频段的信号，例如提供2G信号、3G信号、4G信号、5G信号等，并将至少一个频段的信号发送给射频收发机。而天线系统中的透明天线1接收到信号后，可以经过滤波单元、功率放大器、信号放大器、射频收发机的处理后传输给首发单元中的接收端，接收端例如可以为智慧网关等。
进一步地，射频收发机与收发单元相连，用于调制收发单元发送的信号，或用于解调透明天线接收的信号后传输给收发单元。具体地，射频收发机可以包括发射电路、接收电路、调制电路、解调电路，发射电路接收基底提供的多种类型的信号后，调制电路可以对基带提供的多种类型的信号进行调制，再发送给天线。而透明天线接收信号传输给射频收发机的接收电路，接收电路将信号传输给解调电路，解调电路对信号进行解调后传输给接收端。
进一步地，射频收发机连接信号放大器和功率放大器，信号放大器和功率放大器再连接滤波单元，滤波单元连接至少一个透明天线1。在天线系统进行发送信号的过程中，信号放大器用于提高射频收发机输出的信号的信噪比后传输给滤波单元；功率放大器用于放大射频收发机输出的信号的功率后传输给滤波单元；滤波单元具体可以包括双工器和滤波电路，滤波单元将信号放大器和功率放大器输出的信号进行合路且滤除杂波后传输给透明天线，透明天线1将信号辐射出去。在天线系统进行接收信号的过程中，透明天线1接收到信号后传输给滤波单元，滤波单元将天线接收的信号滤除杂波后传输给信号放大器和功率放大器，信号放大器将天线接收的信号进行增益，增加信号的信噪比；功率放大器将透明天线1接收的信号的功率放大。透明天 线11接收的信号经过功率放大器、信号放大器处理后传输给射频收发机，射频收发机再传输给收发单元。
在一些示例中，信号放大器可以包括多种类型的信号放大器，例如低噪声放大器，在此不做限制。
在一些示例中，本公开实施例提供的天线系统还包括电源管理单元，电源管理单元连接功率放大器，为功率放大器提供用于放大信号的电压。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种透明天线，其包括相对设置的第一基板和第二基板；其中，
    所述第一基板包括：
    第一介质层，具有相对设置的第一表面和第二表面；
    参考电极层，设置在所述第一表面上；
    至少一个第一辐射部，设置在所述第二表面上，且与所述参考电极层在所述第一表面上的正投影至少部分重叠；
    至少一个馈电结构，设置在所述第二表面上，且与所述第一辐射部电连接；
    所述第二基板包括：
    第二介质层，具有相对设置的第三表面和第四表面；所述第三表面与所述第二表面相对设置；
    至少一个第二辐射部，设置在所述第四表面上，且一个所述第一辐射部在所述第一表面的正投影位于一个所述第二辐射部在所述第一表面的正投影内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一介质层的第二表面与所述第二介质层的第三表面之间的距离为第一距离；所述第一介质层的第二表面与所述第二介质层的第四表面之间的距离为第二距离；所述第二距离与所述第一距离的比值不小于1.12。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的透明天线，其中，所述第二距离与所述第一距离的比值不小于1.37。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部和所述第二辐射部均为中心对称图形，且一个所述第一辐射部的对称中心与一个第二辐射部的对称中心在所述第一表面的正投影重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的透明天线，其中，所述至少一个馈电结构包括第一馈电结构和第二馈电结构；所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构均 包括一个第一馈电端口和至少一个第二馈电端口；
    所述第一馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口连接一个所述第一辐射部，且二者的连接节点为第一节点；所述第二馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口连接一个所述第一辐射部，且二者的连接节点为第二节点；
    对于一个所述第一辐射部，其上的所述第一节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向，与其上的第二节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向具有一定的夹角。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的透明天线，其中，对于一个所述第一辐射部，其上的所述第一节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向，与其上的第二节点与所述对称中心的连线的延伸方向相互垂直。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部包括多边形，且所述多边形的任一内角均大于90°。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的透明天线，其中，所述多边形包括依次连接第一侧边、第二侧边、第三侧边、第四侧边、第五侧边、第六侧边、第七侧边和第八侧边；所述第一侧边的延伸方向和所述第五侧边的延伸方向相同，且与所述第三侧边的延伸方向垂直；所述第一馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口和所述第二馈电结构的一个第二馈电端口分别连接在所述第二侧边和所述第四侧边上。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部的数量为2 n个，且各所述第一辐射部沿所述透明天线的长度方向间隔设置；所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构均包括n级第一微带线；
    位于第1级的一个所述第一微带线连接两个相邻的所述第一辐射部，且位于第1级的不同的所述第一微带线所连接的所述第一辐射部不同；位于第m级的一个所述第一微带线连接位于第m-1级的两个相邻的所述第一微带线，位于第m级的不同的所述第一微带线所述连接的位于第m-1级的所述第一微带线不同；其中，n≥2，2≤m≤n，m、n均为整数。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，还包括：设置 在所述第二表面上第一连接电极和第二连接电极；且所述第一连接电极与所述第一馈电结构的第一馈电端口电连接；所述第二连接电极与所述第二馈电结构的第一馈电端口电连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述透明天线，其中，所述第一连接电极和所述第二连接电极的材料包括铜。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的透明天线，其中，还包括：第一连接器和所述第二连接器，所述第一连接器和所述第二连接器均固定在所述参考电极层背离所述第一表面的一侧；且所述第一连接器通过贯穿所述参考电极层、所述第一介质层的第一过孔与所述第一连接电极电连接；所述第二连接电极器通过贯穿所述参考电极层、所述第一介质层的第二过孔与所述第二连接电极电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求5-9中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，以贯穿所述参考电极层宽的中垂线的延伸方向为对称轴，所述第一馈电结构和所述第二馈电结构镜像对称。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的透明天线，其中，还包括：
    支撑结构，固定在所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外围，以使所述第二辐射部与所述透明天线待固定的表面之间存在一定的间距。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的透明天线，其中，所述透明天线具有辐射区和周环绕辐射区的周边区；所述支撑结构具有与所述周边区相适配的侧壁；所述侧壁具有相对设置的第五表面和第六表面；
    所述第一介质层与所述第五表面连接，且所述第二辐射部被限定在所述支撑结构内，且所述第二辐射部所在平面与所述第六表面所在平面之间存在一定的间距。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的透明天线，其中，所述所述第二辐射部所在平面与所述第六表面所在平面之间的间距为d；
    Figure PCTCN2021096837-appb-100001
    thickness表示所述待固定的表面的厚度；ε r表示所述待固定表面的介电常数。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一介质层包括：叠 层设置的第一基材、第一固定板和第二基材；所述第一基材背离所述第一固定板的表面为所述第一表面；所述第二基材背离所述第一固定板的表面为第二表面。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的透明天线，其中，所述参考电极层通过第一透明粘合层与所述第一基材固定连接；所述第一辐射部通过第二透明粘合层与所述第二基材固定连接。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的透明天线，其中，还包括：
    多个支撑部，设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间，以使所述第一辐射部和第二辐射部之间存在一定的距离。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的透明天线，其中，所述多个支撑部与所述第一固定板为一体结构。
  21. 根据权利要求17-20中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一固定板的材料包括聚碳酸酯塑料。
  22. 根据权利要求17-20中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一基材的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或者聚酰亚胺。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的透明天线，其中，所述第二介质层包括叠层设置第二固定板和第二基材；所述第二固定板背离所述第二基材的表面为所述第三表面；所述第二基材背离所述第二固定板的表面为第四表面。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的透明天线，其中，所述第二固定板通过第三透明粘合层与所述第三基材固定连接。
  25. 根据权利要求23所述的透明天线，其中，所述第二固定板包括多个间隔设置的子固定板；所述第二基材包括多个间隔设置的子基材；其中，一个所述子固定板与一个子基材叠层设置，且一个所述子基材背离所述子固定板的表面上设置一个所述第二辐射部。
  26. 根据权利要求23所述的透明天线，其中，所述子固定板的材料包括聚碳酸酯塑料。
  27. 根据权利要求23所述的透明天线，其中，所述子基材的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或者聚酰亚胺。
  28. 根据权利要求1-27中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述第二辐射部的数量为多个，且相邻设置的所述第二辐射部的之间的间距为35-100mm。
  29. 根据权利要求1-27中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部、所述参考电极层中的至少一者包括金属网格。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部、所述第二辐射部、所述参考电极层均包括金属网格，且三者的所述金属网格的镂空部在所述第一介质层上的正投影完全重叠。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的透明天线，其中，所述金属网格的线宽为2-30μm；线间距为50-250μm；线厚度为1-10μm。
  32. 根据权利要求1-27中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述透明天线的工作频率为2515MHz-2675MHz。
  33. 根据权利要求1-27中任一项所述的透明天线，其中，所述第一辐射部与所述第二辐射部一一对应设置，且对应设置的所述第一辐射部与所述第二辐射部的形状相同。
  34. 一种通信系统，其包括权利要求1-33中任一项所述的透明天线。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的通信系统，其中，所述透明天线固定在玻璃窗表面。
  36. 根据权利要求34或35所述的通信系统，其中，还包括：
    收发单元，用于发送信号或接收信号；
    射频收发机，与所述收发单元相连，用于调制所述收发单元发送的信号，或用于解调所述透明天线接收的信号后传输给所述收发单元；
    信号放大器，与所述射频收发机相连，用于提高所述射频收发机输出的信号或所述透明天线接收的信号的信噪比；
    功率放大器，与所述射频收发机相连，用于放大所述射频收发机输出的 信号或所述透明天线接收的信号的功率；
    滤波单元，与所述信号放大器、所述功率放大器均相连，且与所述透明天线相连，用于将接收到的信号进行滤波后发送给所述天线，或对所述透明天线接收的信号滤波。
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