WO2022244735A1 - 磁気センサ及び磁気検知システム - Google Patents
磁気センサ及び磁気検知システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244735A1 WO2022244735A1 PCT/JP2022/020402 JP2022020402W WO2022244735A1 WO 2022244735 A1 WO2022244735 A1 WO 2022244735A1 JP 2022020402 W JP2022020402 W JP 2022020402W WO 2022244735 A1 WO2022244735 A1 WO 2022244735A1
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- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 18
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0005—Geometrical arrangement of magnetic sensor elements; Apparatus combining different magnetic sensor types
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/0206—Three-component magnetometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/091—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to magnetic sensors and magnetic sensing systems, and more particularly to magnetic sensors and magnetic sensing systems comprising a plurality of magnetoresistive elements.
- the magnetic sensor described in Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of magnetoresistive elements (magnetoresistive effect elements).
- a magnetoresistive element has a free magnetic layer whose magnetization direction changes under the influence of an external magnetic field, and a pinned magnetic layer whose magnetization direction is fixed.
- the plurality of magnetoresistive elements are composed of a first pair of magnetoresistive elements and a second pair of magnetoresistive elements. In the first pair of magnetoresistive elements and the second pair of magnetoresistive elements, the magnetization directions of the first pinned magnetic layers are the same, and the magnetization directions of the second pinned magnetic layers are the same.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a magnetic sensor and a magnetic detection system that can improve the detection accuracy of the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor.
- a magnetic sensor includes a first half-bridge circuit, a second half-bridge circuit, and a holding member.
- the first half-bridge circuit includes a first magnetoresistive element and a second magnetoresistive element half-bridge connected to each other, and a connection point between the first magnetoresistive element and the second magnetoresistive element. and a first output for outputting a 1 output signal.
- the second half-bridge circuit includes a third magnetoresistive element and a fourth magnetoresistive element half-bridge connected to each other, and a connection point between the third magnetoresistive element and the fourth magnetoresistive element. and a second output for outputting two output signals.
- the holding member holds the first half-bridge circuit and the second half-bridge circuit.
- the first magnetoresistive element detects a magnetic field along the X-axis.
- the second magnetoresistive element detects a magnetic field along a Y-axis that is perpendicular to the X-axis.
- the third magnetoresistive element senses a magnetic field along a first axis that is on the same plane as the X-axis and the Y-axis and that is different from both the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- the fourth magnetoresistive element detects a magnetic field along a second axis that is on the same plane as the X-axis and the Y-axis and perpendicular to the first axis.
- a magnetic detection system includes the magnetic sensor and a processing circuit.
- the processing circuitry determines the orientation of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor based on at least the first output signal and the second output signal.
- FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a first half-bridge circuit and a third half-bridge circuit of a magnetic sensor according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a second half bridge circuit and a fourth half bridge circuit of the same magnetic sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the state of use of the same magnetic sensor.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the same magnetic sensor.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the same magnetic sensor.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetoresistance effect element of the same magnetic sensor.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing output signals of the same magnetic sensor.
- a magnetic sensor and a magnetic detection system will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- the embodiment described below is but one of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the embodiments described below can be modified in various ways according to design and the like as long as the objects of the present disclosure can be achieved.
- Each drawing described in the following embodiments is a schematic drawing, and the ratio of the size and thickness of each component in the drawing does not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratio. .
- the magnetic sensor 100 of this embodiment includes a first half bridge circuit H1, a second half bridge circuit H2, and a holding member 7 (see FIG. 4).
- the first half-bridge circuit H1 is a connection point between the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 half-bridge-connected to each other, and the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the second magnetoresistive element Mr2. and a first output H10 for outputting a first output signal from.
- the second half-bridge circuit H2 is a connection point between the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 half-bridge-connected to each other, and the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4. and a second output H20 for outputting a second output signal from.
- the holding member 7 holds the first half bridge circuit H1 and the second half bridge circuit H2.
- magnetoresistive element Mr0 the first to fourth magnetoresistive elements Mr1 to Mr4, and fifth to eighth magnetoresistive elements Mr5 to Mr8, which will be described later, are sometimes referred to as magnetoresistive element Mr0 (see FIG. 6). .
- each magnetoresistive element Mr0 represents the sensitivity direction of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 to the magnetic field.
- the direction of sensitivity is adjusted by adjusting the orientation of each magnetoresistive element Mr0.
- the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 detects a magnetic field along the X-axis.
- the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 detects a magnetic field along the Y-axis which is perpendicular to the X-axis.
- the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 detects a magnetic field along the first axis (V-axis).
- the first axis (V-axis) is on the same plane as the X-axis and the Y-axis and is different from both the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 detects a magnetic field along the second axis (W axis).
- the second axis (W-axis) is on the same plane as the X-axis and the Y-axis and perpendicular to the first axis (V-axis).
- the waveform of the first output signal that is output along with the rotation of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 is a waveform close to an ideal sine wave, and the waveform of the second output signal is a sine wave. It becomes a waveform with a phase shift. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 with high accuracy based on the first output signal and the second output signal.
- the first half bridge circuit H1 and the second half bridge circuit H2 are integrated into one holding member 7 . Therefore, unlike the case where the plurality of magnetoresistive effect elements Mr0 are distributed over a plurality of members, it is possible to save the trouble of adjusting the positional relationship of the plurality of magnetoresistive effect elements Mr0. In addition, it is possible to suppress deterioration in detection accuracy of the direction of the magnetic field due to deviation of the positional relationship.
- the Z-axis which is orthogonal to both the X- and Y-axes, will be used in the following description.
- the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, V-axis, and W-axis are virtual axes set on the magnetic sensor 100, and are not actual configurations.
- the magnetic sensor 100 includes a first sensor block 1, a second sensor block 2, a third sensor block 3, a fourth sensor block 4, and a flexible substrate. 5 and a holding member 7 .
- Each sensor block Sb1 has two magnetoresistive elements Mr0.
- the double-headed arrow penetrating the rectangle representing each sensor block Sb1 represents the sensitivity direction of the two magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the sensor block Sb1 to the magnetic field.
- the sensitivity direction of one of the two magnetoresistive effect elements Mr0 included in one sensor block Sb1 is the same as the sensitivity direction of the other magnetoresistive effect element Mr0.
- the magnetic detection system 200 includes a magnetic sensor 100 and a processing circuit 201.
- Processing circuitry 201 determines the orientation of the magnetic field applied to magnetic sensor 100 based on at least the first output signal and the second output signal.
- the magnetic sensor 100 and the magnetic detection system 200 are used to determine the direction of the magnetic field generated from the rotor 8 (see FIG. 3) of the motor, thereby determining the rotation angle of the rotor 8.
- the magnetic sensor 100 and the magnetic detection system 200 are used to determine the direction of the magnetic field generated from the rotor 8 (see FIG. 3) of the motor, thereby determining the rotation angle of the rotor 8.
- the rotor 8 contains a plurality of permanent magnets.
- a plurality of permanent magnets form a plurality of magnetic poles 80 .
- the multiple permanent magnets have multiple magnetic poles 80 .
- the plurality of magnetic poles 80 are arranged in the rotational direction of the rotor 8 so that N poles and S poles are arranged alternately.
- a plurality of magnetic poles 80 are arranged so that the N poles and S poles are alternated every 45 degrees along the direction of rotation of the rotor 8 .
- each magnetic pole 80 is marked with a letter "N" representing the N pole or "S" representing the S pole, but these letters are for the sake of explanation and are actually attached. is not the character that is
- the multiple sensor blocks Sb1 have the same configuration.
- the sensor block Sb1 has a body Sb10 and two magnetoresistive elements Mr0.
- the first sensor block 1 has a (first) body Sb10, a first magnetoresistive element Mr1, and a fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5.
- the second sensor block 2 has a (second) body Sb10, a second magnetoresistive element Mr2, and a sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6.
- the third sensor block 3 has a (third) body Sb10, a third magnetoresistive element Mr3, and a seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7.
- the fourth sensor block 4 has a (fourth) body Sb10, a fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4, and an eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8.
- the shape of the body Sb10 is a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the planar view shape of the body Sb10 is square.
- the body Sb10 holds two magnetoresistive elements Mr0.
- Body Sb10 is held by holding member 7 .
- the (first) body Sb10 of the first sensor block 1 holds a first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and a fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5.
- the (second) body Sb10 of the second sensor block 2 holds a second magnetoresistive element Mr2 and a sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6.
- the (third) body Sb10 of the third sensor block 3 holds a third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and a seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7.
- the (fourth) body Sb10 of the fourth sensor block 4 holds a fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 and an eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8.
- the electrical resistance value of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 changes according to the magnitude of the applied magnetic field.
- the magnetic sensor 100 outputs a change in the electrical resistance value of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 as a voltage signal.
- the magnetoresistive element Mr0 has no sensitivity to a magnetic field in a predetermined first direction, but has sensitivity to a magnetic field in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The sensitivity of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 is maximized with respect to the magnetic field in the second direction.
- the magneto-resistive element Mr0 has the same resistance value change with respect to a magnetic field in one direction and a magnetic field in the opposite direction if the magnitude of the magnetic field is the same. Focusing on one sensor block Sb1, the two magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the sensor block Sb1 are arranged in the same direction.
- the shape of the holding member 7 is, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the holding member 7 is, for example, a synthetic resin molding.
- the retaining member 7 has one surface 70 .
- a plurality of (four in FIG. 4) recesses 71 are formed in the surface 70 .
- the plurality of depressions 71 correspond to the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 on a one-to-one basis.
- a corresponding sensor block Sb1 is inserted into each recess 71 .
- the holding member 7 holds the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1.
- the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 are inserted into the plurality of depressions 71 while being attached to the flexible substrate 5 . That is, the multiple sensor blocks Sb1 are held by the holding member 7 together with the flexible substrate 5 .
- the holding member 7 includes a plurality of (three in FIG. 4) grooves 72 into which the flexible substrate 5 is inserted. A plurality of depressions 71 are connected via a plurality of grooves 72 .
- the holding member 7 also has four side surfaces 75 (only two are shown in FIG. 4) that intersect with the surface 70, two of which are formed with insertion holes 76, respectively. Each insertion hole 76 is connected to the corresponding recess 71 .
- the flexible substrate 5 is passed through at least one insertion hole 76 . As a result, a portion of the flexible substrate 5 is pulled out of the holding member 7 .
- the flexible substrate 5 is attached with a plurality of sensor blocks Sb1.
- the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 have first to eighth magnetoresistive elements Mr1 to Mr8. That is, the flexible substrate 5 is provided with first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements Mr1 to Mr4 and fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth magnetoresistive elements Mr5 to Mr8. ing.
- the holding member 7 holds the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 together with the flexible substrate 5. As shown in FIG. In other words, the holding member 7, along with the flexible substrate 5, includes the first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements Mr1 to Mr4 and the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth magnetoresistive elements Mr5 to Mr8. hold.
- the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 are arranged on the flexible board 5 so as to line up in a line.
- Each sensor block Sb1 is inserted into the corresponding recess 71 from the direction normal to the surface 70 of the holding member 7 .
- a portion of the flexible substrate 5 between the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 is inserted into the plurality of grooves 72 .
- a portion of the flexible substrate 5 is pulled out of the holding member 7 through the insertion hole 76 .
- the flexible substrate 5 electrically connects the plurality of magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1. Also, the plurality of magnetoresistive elements Mr0 are electrically connected to the processing circuit 201 and the power supply through the flexible substrate 5.
- the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 of the first sensor block 1 are oriented to detect a magnetic field along the X axis. are placed.
- the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 of the second sensor block 2 are arranged in a direction to detect a magnetic field along the Y-axis.
- the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 of the third sensor block 3 are arranged in a direction to detect a magnetic field along the V-axis (first axis).
- the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 of the fourth sensor block 4 are arranged in a direction to detect a magnetic field along the W axis (second axis).
- the V-axis (first axis) is an axis along the direction of 45 degrees to the X-axis.
- one of the two axes here, the V-axis and the X-axis
- the angle difference between the two axes is 40 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less.
- the angular difference between the magnetic field sensitivity direction in the first sensor block 1 and the magnetic field sensitivity direction in the third sensor block 3 is preferably 40 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less.
- the W axis (second axis) is an axis along the direction of 45 degrees to the Y axis. That is, the angular difference between the W axis and the Y axis is 40 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less. Further, the angular difference between the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the second sensor block 2 and the magnetic field sensitivity direction of the fourth sensor block 4 is preferably 40 degrees or more and 50 degrees or less.
- the angle difference between the magnetic field sensitivity direction (direction along the X axis) in the first sensor block 1 and the magnetic field sensitivity direction (direction along the Y axis) in the second sensor block 2 is 85 degrees or more and less than 95 degrees. is preferably
- the angle difference between the magnetic field sensitivity direction (direction along the V axis) in the third sensor block 3 and the magnetic field sensitivity direction (direction along the W axis) in the fourth sensor block 4 is 85 degrees or more and less than 95 degrees. is preferably
- the first end of the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 is electrically connected to the low-potential-side electrical path (reference potential electrical path) of the power supply.
- the reference potential is the ground potential.
- a second end of the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 is electrically connected to a first end of the second magnetoresistive element Mr2.
- a second end of the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 is electrically connected to the high-potential-side electric path of the power supply.
- the first end of the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 is electrically connected to the low-potential-side electric path of the power supply.
- a second end of the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 is electrically connected to a first end of the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4.
- a second end of the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 is electrically connected to the high-potential electric path of the power supply.
- a first end of the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 is electrically connected to the high-potential-side electric path of the power supply.
- a second end of the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 is electrically connected to a first end of the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6.
- a second end of the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 is electrically connected to the low-potential-side electric path of the power supply.
- the first end of the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 is electrically connected to the high-potential-side electric path of the power supply.
- a second end of the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 is electrically connected to a first end of the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8.
- a second end of the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 is electrically connected to the low-potential electric path of the power supply.
- the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 constitute a third half bridge circuit H3. More specifically, the third half bridge circuit H3 has a fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 and a sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6, and a third output terminal H30.
- a third half-bridge circuit H3 is a component of the magnetic sensor 100 .
- the third half bridge circuit H3 is held by the holding member 7 .
- the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 are half-bridge connected to each other.
- the third output terminal H30 outputs a third signal opposite in phase to the first output signal from a connection point between the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6.
- the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 constitute a fourth half bridge circuit H4. More specifically, the fourth half bridge circuit H4 has a seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 and an eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8, and a fourth output terminal H40.
- the fourth half-bridge circuit H4 is a component of the magnetic sensor 100. As shown in FIG. The fourth half bridge circuit H4 is held by the holding member 7 .
- the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 are half-bridge connected to each other.
- the fourth output terminal H40 outputs a fourth output signal opposite in phase to the second output signal from a connection point between the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8.
- the combination of the sensitivity directions of the two magnetoresistive effect elements Mr0 is the same. are opposite to each other. Therefore, the third output signal has a phase opposite to that of the first output signal.
- the fourth output signal has a phase opposite to that of the second output signal.
- the first output end H10, the second output end H20, the third output end H30, and the fourth output end H40 are electrically connected to the processing circuit 201. Also, the first output end H10 is electrically connected to a connection point between the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5. The second output end H20 is electrically connected to a connection point between the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6. The third output end H30 is electrically connected to a connection point between the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7. The fourth output end H40 is electrically connected to a connection point between the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8.
- the magnetoresistive element Mr0 is a GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) element. More specifically, the magnetoresistive element Mr0 is a CIP (current in plane) type GMR element. As shown in FIG. 6, the magnetoresistive element Mr0 has a laminated portion 90 and an underlying layer 93 .
- the laminated portion 90 is formed by alternately laminating magnetic layers 91 containing NiFeCo as a component and non-magnetic layers 92 containing Cu as a component. With such a structure, a high output magnetoresistive element Mr0 can be obtained.
- the number of layers of the laminated part 90 is, for example, 10 or more or 20 or more.
- the magnetic layer 91 is a ferromagnetic layer.
- the magnetic layer 91 is more easily magnetized than the non-magnetic layer 92 .
- the non-magnetic layer 92 preferably contains only Cu.
- the film thickness of the non-magnetic layer 92 is preferably a thickness corresponding to the first peak of the RKKY oscillation of the magnetoresistance change rate that depends on the Cu film thickness.
- the film thickness of the non-magnetic layer 92 is preferably about 1 nm.
- the sensor block Sb1 further has a substrate layer 6 (see FIG. 6).
- the substrate layer 6 includes a substrate 61 (see FIG. 6) and a glaze layer 62 (see FIG. 6).
- the substrate 61 is a rigid substrate.
- the substrate 61 is, for example, an alumina substrate.
- a glaze layer 62 is formed on the surface of the substrate 61 .
- the glaze layer 62 contains a glass material such as amorphous glass as a material.
- the glaze layer 62 is formed by printing a glass paste on the surface of the substrate 61 and firing the glass paste.
- a magnetoresistive element Mr0 is formed on the surface of the glaze layer 62 .
- the laminated portion 90 overlaps the underlying layer 93 . More specifically, an underlying layer 93 is formed on the surface of the glaze layer 62 of the substrate layer 6 , and the laminate portion 90 is formed on the surface of the underlying layer 93 .
- the underlying layer 93 contains NiFeCr as a component.
- the magnetoresistive element Mr0 does not have sensitivity in a predetermined direction, but isotropically has sensitivity in a direction crossing the predetermined direction.
- the anisotropic magnetic field of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 is greater than the strength of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 from the rotor 8 (see FIG. 3), which is the magnetic field detection target. That is, the anisotropic magnetic field of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 is greater than the strength of the magnetic field to be detected by the magnetic sensor 100 . As a result, the distortion of the output waveform of the magnetoresistive element Mr0 can be suppressed.
- the processing circuit 201 includes a computer system having one or more processors and memory.
- the functions of the processing circuit 201 are realized by the processor of the computer system executing a program recorded in the memory of the computer system.
- the program may be recorded in a memory, provided through an electric communication line such as the Internet, or recorded in a non-temporary recording medium such as a memory card and provided.
- the processing circuit 201 obtains the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 based on the first output signal, the second output signal, the third output signal, and the fourth output signal.
- the magnetic sensor 100 is installed near the rotor 8 .
- a plurality of magnetic poles 80 of the rotor 8 create a magnetic field.
- the processing circuit 201 obtains the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 based on the output of the magnetic sensor 100 .
- the magnetic sensor 100 rotates with respect to the rotor 8 instead of the rotor 8, the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 changes, and the processing circuit 201 can obtain the direction of the magnetic field. . Therefore, in the following description, it is assumed that the rotor 8 is fixed and the position of the magnetic sensor 100 changes in order of positions L1, L11, L2, L21, and L3, with reference to FIG. The magnetic sensor 100 rotates around the rotor 8, and accordingly the X, Y, V and W axes also rotate.
- the magnetic sensors 100 are arranged radially outward of the rotor 8 .
- the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 is perpendicular to the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor 8, so the Z-axis set in the magnetic sensor 100 is along the direction of the rotation axis of the rotor 8.
- the orientation of the magnetic sensor 100 needs to be adjusted.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the waveform V1 of the first output signal and the waveform V2 of the second output signal.
- the third and fourth output signals are omitted because the third and fourth output signals are opposite phase signals to the first output signal and fourth output signals are opposite phase signals to the second output signal.
- the plurality of magnetic poles 80 are shown linearly for convenience.
- the magnetic sensor 100 When the magnetic sensor 100 is at a position L1 or L3 facing the center of the magnetic poles 80 of the rotor 8, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic sensor 100 along the X axis.
- the electric resistance values of the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 of the first sensor block 1 are maximized.
- the electrical resistance values of the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 of the second sensor block 2 are minimized. Therefore, the first output signal output from the first output terminal H10 is maximized.
- the electrical resistance values of the magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the third sensor block 3 and the fourth sensor block 4 are equal to each other.
- the magnetic sensor 100 When the magnetic sensor 100 is at the position L2 facing the boundary between the N magnetic pole 80 and the S magnetic pole 80 of the rotor 8, a magnetic field along the Y axis is applied to the magnetic sensor 100.
- the electrical resistance values of the first magnetoresistive element Mr1 and the fifth magnetoresistive element Mr5 of the first sensor block 1 are minimized.
- the electric resistance values of the second magnetoresistive element Mr2 and the sixth magnetoresistive element Mr6 of the second sensor block 2 are maximized. Therefore, the first output signal output from the first output terminal H10 is minimized.
- the electrical resistance values of the magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the third sensor block 3 and the fourth sensor block 4 are equal to each other.
- a magnetic field along the W-axis is applied to the magnetic sensor 100 when the magnetic sensor 100 is at a position L11 between positions L1 and L2.
- the electrical resistance values of the magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the first sensor block 1 and the second sensor block 2 are equal to each other.
- the electrical resistance values of the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 of the third sensor block 3 are minimized.
- the electrical resistance values of the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 of the fourth sensor block 4 are maximized. Therefore, the second output signal output from the second output terminal H20 is minimized.
- a magnetic field along the V-axis is applied to the magnetic sensor 100 when the magnetic sensor 100 is at a position L21 between positions L2 and L3.
- the electrical resistance values of the magnetoresistive elements Mr0 of the first sensor block 1 and the second sensor block 2 are equal to each other.
- the electric resistance values of the third magnetoresistive element Mr3 and the seventh magnetoresistive element Mr7 of the third sensor block 3 are maximized.
- the electrical resistance values of the fourth magnetoresistive element Mr4 and the eighth magnetoresistive element Mr8 of the fourth sensor block 4 are minimized. Therefore, the second output signal output from the second output terminal H20 is maximized.
- the first and second output signals repeat the same waveform.
- the rotation angle corresponding to the width of the magnetic pole 80 corresponds to one period of the first and second output signals.
- each of the first output signal and the second output signal is a sine wave
- the phase difference between the first output signal and the second output signal is a rotation angle corresponding to 1/4 times the width of the magnetic pole 80 . That is, the phase difference is 1/4 period. Therefore, assuming that the first output signal is a sine wave, the second output signal corresponds to a cosine wave with respect to the first output signal.
- the processing circuit 201 obtains a phase common to the first output signal as a sine wave and the second output signal as a cosine wave based on the first output signal and the second output signal.
- the processing circuit 201 can determine that the magnetic sensor 100 (actually, the rotor 8) has rotated by a rotation angle corresponding to one cycle.
- the processing circuit 201 can determine that the magnetic sensor 100 (actually, the rotor 8) has rotated by a rotation angle corresponding to the width of the magnetic pole 80. In this way, the processing circuit 201 can determine how much the magnetic sensor 100 (actually, the rotor 8) has rotated from the initial rotation angle (that is, the relative rotation angle).
- the phases of the first output signal and the second output signal correspond to the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 . That is, the processing circuitry 201 can determine the orientation of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 . More specifically, processing circuitry 201 can determine the orientation of the magnetic field applied to magnetic sensor 100 in the range of 0 degrees to 180 degrees.
- the processing circuit 201 further detects the magnetic sensor 100 (actually, the rotor 8) based on the third output signal and the fourth output signal in addition to the first output signal and the second output signal. Find the rotation angle of Specifically, the processing circuit 201 generates a first differential signal that is a differential signal between the first output signal and the third output signal. The waveform of the first differential signal is a waveform whose amplitude is doubled in the first output signal. The processing circuit 201 also generates a second differential signal that is a differential signal between the second output signal and the fourth output signal. The waveform of the second differential signal is a waveform whose amplitude is doubled in the second output signal.
- the processing circuit 201 determines the common phase of the first differential signal as a sine wave and the second differential signal as a cosine wave. Each time the phase changes by one cycle, the processing circuit 201 can determine that the magnetic sensor 100 (actually, the rotor 8) has rotated by a rotation angle corresponding to one cycle. Since the first differential signal and the second differential signal have twice the amplitude compared to the first output signal and the second output signal, the orientation of the magnetic field and the rotation angle of the magnetic sensor 100 (actually the rotor 8) can be determined more accurately.
- the magnetic detection system 200 may include a sensor (for example, an optical sensor or a magnetic sensor) for detecting the starting point of movement (rotation) of the object to be measured (rotor 8). Each time the object rotates, the sensor generates a predetermined output signal, and the processing circuit 201 detects the starting point based on the predetermined output signal.
- a sensor for example, an optical sensor or a magnetic sensor
- Modification 1 of the embodiment will be described below. Configurations similar to those of the embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the case where the magnetic sensor 100 is arranged on the outer side of the rotor 8 in the circumferential direction has been described with reference to FIG. may be That is, the magnetic sensor 100 may be arranged at a position facing the rotor 8 in the direction parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor 8 . Also in this case, the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 rotates as the rotor 8 rotates, and the direction of the magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic sensor 100 .
- the orientation of the magnetic sensor 100 must be different from that in the embodiment. Since the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 is orthogonal to the radial direction of the rotor 8 , the magnetic sensor 100 is positioned so that the Z-axis set in the magnetic sensor 100 is along the radial direction of the rotor 8 . Orientation needs to be adjusted.
- the application of the magnetic sensor 100 is not limited to detecting the rotation angle of the detection target.
- the magnetic sensor 100 may be used for detecting linear movement of a detection target.
- the detection target is not limited to the rotor 8.
- the object to be detected and the object that generates the magnetism detected by the magnetic sensor 100 may be formed separately and then attached to each other.
- the application of the magnetic sensor 100 is not limited to the application for determining the angle of rotation, and may be any application for detecting the orientation of the magnetic field.
- the structure of the holding member 7 is not limited to the structure of inserting and holding the sensor block Sb1 in the recess 61 as shown in the embodiment.
- the holding member 7 may have a structure that holds the sensor block Sb1 by adhesion, screwing, engagement of unevenness, sandwiching, soldering, brazing, or the like.
- each of the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 is as shown in the embodiment. However, the arrangement of each of the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 can be arbitrarily changed.
- the third sensor block or the fourth sensor block 4 may be adjacent to the first sensor block 1 when viewed from the Z-axis direction.
- two or more sensor blocks Sb1 out of the plurality of sensor blocks Sb1 may have different Z coordinates.
- the V-axis is not limited to the axis along the direction of 45 degrees with respect to the X-axis.
- the V-axis may be, for example, an axis along a direction of 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 55 degrees, or 55 degrees to the X-axis. Also in this case, since a phase difference occurs between the first output signal and the second output signal, it is possible to obtain the direction of the magnetic field using the first output signal and the second output signal.
- the third half bridge circuit H3 and the fourth half bridge circuit H4 may be omitted.
- the processing circuit 201 generates a first differential signal that is a differential signal between the first output signal and the third output signal, and a second differential signal that is a differential signal between the second output signal and the fourth output signal.
- the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor 100 may be obtained using the first output signal and the second output signal instead of the differential signal.
- a magnetic sensor (100) includes a first half bridge circuit (H1), a second half bridge circuit (H2), and a holding member (7).
- the first half bridge circuit (H1) includes a first magnetoresistance effect element (Mr1) and a second magnetoresistance effect element (Mr2) which are half bridge connected to each other, and a first magnetoresistance effect element (Mr1) and a second magnetoresistance effect element (Mr1). a first output end (H10) for outputting a first output signal from a connection point between the resistance effect elements (Mr2).
- the second half bridge circuit (H2) includes a third magnetoresistive element (Mr3) and a fourth magnetoresistive element (Mr4) which are half bridge connected to each other, and a third magnetoresistive element (Mr3) and a fourth magnetoresistive element (Mr3). and a second output end (H20) for outputting a second output signal from a connection point between the resistance effect elements (Mr4).
- a holding member (7) holds the first half bridge circuit (H1) and the second half bridge circuit (H2).
- the first magnetoresistive element (Mr1) detects a magnetic field along the X-axis.
- the second magnetoresistive element (Mr2) detects a magnetic field along the Y-axis, which is an axis orthogonal to the X-axis.
- the third magnetoresistive element (Mr3) senses a magnetic field along a first axis that is coplanar with the X-axis and the Y-axis and different from both the X-axis and the Y-axis.
- the fourth magnetoresistive element (Mr4) detects a magnetic field along a second axis that is on the same plane as the X-axis and the Y-axis and perpendicular to the first axis.
- the waveform of the first output signal that is output along with the rotation of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100) is a waveform close to an ideal sine wave
- the waveform of the second output signal is the above sine wave. It becomes a waveform that is out of phase with respect to the wave. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100) can be obtained with high accuracy based on the first output signal and the second output signal.
- each of the first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements (Mr4) has a magnetic layer containing NiFeCo as a component. (91) and a non-magnetic layer (92) containing Cu as a component are alternately laminated (90).
- each of the first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements (Mr4) has an underlying layer containing NiFeCr as a component. (93) and a laminated portion (90) overlapping the base layer (93).
- the film thickness of the non-magnetic layer (92) is the RKKY oscillation of the magnetoresistance change rate dependent on the Cu film thickness. It is the thickness corresponding to one peak.
- the linearity of the output waveform with respect to the applied magnetic field is improved, so the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100) can be obtained with higher accuracy.
- the first axis is an axis along the direction of 45 degrees with respect to the X axis.
- the waveform of the first output signal that is output as the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100) rotates becomes a waveform close to an ideal sine wave
- the waveform of the second output signal becomes an ideal waveform. It becomes a waveform close to a cosine wave. Therefore, it is possible to easily determine the direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100).
- each of the first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements (Mr1 to Mr4) the anisotropy field is greater than the strength of the magnetic field to be sensed.
- the magnetic sensor (100) according to the seventh aspect is the magnetic sensor (100) according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, further comprising a third half bridge circuit (H3) and a fourth half bridge circuit (H4) Prepare.
- the third half bridge circuit (H3) includes a fifth magnetoresistive element (Mr5) and a sixth magnetoresistive element (Mr6) which are half bridge connected to each other, and a fifth magnetoresistive element (Mr5) and a sixth magnetoresistive element (Mr5). and a third output terminal (H30) for outputting a third output signal having a phase opposite to the first output signal from a connection point between the resistance effect elements (Mr6).
- a third half bridge circuit (H3) is held by a holding member (7).
- the fourth half bridge circuit (H4) includes a seventh magnetoresistive element (Mr7) and an eighth magnetoresistive element (Mr8) half-bridge connected to each other, and a seventh magnetoresistive element (Mr7) and an eighth magnetoresistive element (Mr7). a fourth output terminal (H40) for outputting a fourth output signal having a phase opposite to that of the second output signal from a connection point between the resistance effect elements (Mr8).
- a fourth half bridge circuit (H4) is held by a holding member (7).
- the magnetic sensor (100) according to the eighth aspect further includes a body (Sb10) in the seventh aspect.
- the body (Sb10) holds the first magnetoresistive element (Mr1) and the fifth magnetoresistive element (Mr5).
- a holding member (7) holds the body (Sb10).
- the positional relationship between the first magnetoresistive element (Mr1) and the fifth magnetoresistive element (Mr5) can be maintained.
- the magnetic sensor (100) according to the ninth aspect further comprises a flexible substrate (5) in any one of the first to eighth aspects.
- First, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements (Mr1 to Mr4) are attached to the flexible substrate (5).
- a holding member (7) holds the first, second, third and fourth magnetoresistive elements (Mr1 to Mr4) together with the flexible substrate (5).
- a plurality of magnetoresistive elements can be collectively held by the holding member (7).
- Configurations other than the first mode are not essential to the magnetic sensor (100), and can be omitted as appropriate.
- a magnetic detection system (200) comprises a magnetic sensor (100) according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, and a processing circuit (201).
- a processing circuit (201) determines the orientation of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic sensor (100) based on at least the first output signal and the second output signal.
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Abstract
Description
図1、図2に示すように、本実施形態の磁気センサ100は、第1ハーフブリッジ回路H1と、第2ハーフブリッジ回路H2と、保持部材7(図4参照)と、を備える。第1ハーフブリッジ回路H1は、互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第1磁気抵抗効果素子Mr1及び第2磁気抵抗効果素子Mr2と、第1磁気抵抗効果素子Mr1及び第2磁気抵抗効果素子Mr2間の接続点から第1出力信号を出力する第1出力端H10と、を有する。第2ハーフブリッジ回路H2は、互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第3磁気抵抗効果素子Mr3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子Mr4と、第3磁気抵抗効果素子Mr3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子Mr4間の接続点から第2出力信号を出力する第2出力端H20と、を有する。保持部材7は、第1ハーフブリッジ回路H1及び第2ハーフブリッジ回路H2を保持する。
(1)全体構成
図3~図5に示すように、磁気センサ100は、第1センサブロック1と、第2センサブロック2と、第3センサブロック3と、第4センサブロック4と、フレキシブル基板5と、保持部材7と、を備える。
ロータ8は、複数の永久磁石を含む。複数の永久磁石は、複数の磁極80を形成する。換言すると、複数の永久磁石は、複数の磁極80を有する。複数の磁極80は、N極とS極とが交互に並ぶように、ロータ8の回転方向に並んでいる。図3では、ロータ8の回転方向に沿って45度ごとにN極とS極とが入れ替わるように、複数の磁極80が並んでいる。なお、図3では各磁極80にはN極を表す「N」又はS極を表す「S」の文字が付されているが、これらは説明のために付した文字であって、実際に付されている文字ではない。
複数のセンサブロックSb1は、互いに同一の構成を有する。センサブロックSb1は、ボディSb10と、2つの磁気抵抗効果素子Mr0と、を有する。
図4に示すように、保持部材7の形状は、例えば、直方体状である。保持部材7は、例えば、合成樹脂成型品である。保持部材7は、一の表面70を有する。表面70には、複数(図4では4つ)の窪み71が形成されている。複数の窪み71は、複数のセンサブロックSb1と一対一で対応する。各窪み71には、対応するセンサブロックSb1が挿入される。これにより、保持部材7は、複数のセンサブロックSb1を保持する。また、複数のセンサブロックSb1は、フレキシブル基板5に取り付けられた状態で複数の窪み71に挿入される。すなわち、複数のセンサブロックSb1は、フレキシブル基板5と共に保持部材7に保持される。
まずは、磁界に対する各磁気抵抗効果素子Mr0の感度方向について、図1、図2を参照して説明する。
処理回路201(図5参照)は、1以上のプロセッサ及びメモリを有するコンピュータシステムを含んでいる。コンピュータシステムのメモリに記録されたプログラムを、コンピュータシステムのプロセッサが実行することにより、処理回路201の機能が実現される。プログラムは、メモリに記録されていてもよいし、インターネット等の電気通信回線を通して提供されてもよく、メモリカード等の非一時的記録媒体に記録されて提供されてもよい。
磁気センサ100は、ロータ8の近傍に設置される。ロータ8の複数の磁極80は、磁場を形成する。ロータ8の回転に伴い、磁気センサ100に印加される磁界の向きが変化する。処理回路201は、磁気センサ100の出力に基づいて、磁気センサ100に印加される磁界の向きを求める。
以下、実施形態の変形例1について説明する。実施形態と同様の構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
以下、実施形態のその他の変形例を列挙する。以下の変形例は、適宜組み合わせて実現されてもよい。また、以下の変形例は、上述の変形例1と適宜組み合わせて実現されてもよい。
以上説明した実施形態等から、以下の態様が開示されている。
7 保持部材
90 積層部
91 磁性層
92 非磁性層
93 下地層
100 磁気センサ
200 磁気検知システム
201 処理回路
H1 第1ハーフブリッジ回路
H2 第2ハーフブリッジ回路
H3 第3ハーフブリッジ回路
H4 第4ハーフブリッジ回路
H10 第1出力端
H20 第2出力端
H30 第3出力端
H40 第4出力端
Mr1 第1磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr2 第2磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr3 第3磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr4 第4磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr5 第5磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr6 第6磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr7 第7磁気抵抗効果素子
Mr8 第8磁気抵抗効果素子
Sb10 ボディ
Claims (10)
- 互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第1磁気抵抗効果素子及び第2磁気抵抗効果素子と、前記第1磁気抵抗効果素子及び前記第2磁気抵抗効果素子間の接続点から第1出力信号を出力する第1出力端と、を有する第1ハーフブリッジ回路と、
互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第3磁気抵抗効果素子及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子と、前記第3磁気抵抗効果素子及び前記第4磁気抵抗効果素子間の接続点から第2出力信号を出力する第2出力端と、を有する第2ハーフブリッジ回路と、
前記第1ハーフブリッジ回路及び前記第2ハーフブリッジ回路を保持する保持部材と、を備え、
前記第1磁気抵抗効果素子は、X軸に沿った磁界を検知し、
前記第2磁気抵抗効果素子は、前記X軸と直交する軸であるY軸に沿った磁界を検知し、
前記第3磁気抵抗効果素子は、前記X軸及び前記Y軸と同一平面上の軸であり前記X軸及び前記Y軸のいずれとも異なる第1軸に沿った磁界を検知し、
前記第4磁気抵抗効果素子は、前記X軸及び前記Y軸と同一平面上の軸であり前記第1軸と直交する軸である第2軸に沿った磁界を検知する、
磁気センサ。 - 前記第1、第2、第3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子の各々は、NiFeCoを成分として含む磁性層と、Cuを成分として含む非磁性層と、を交互に積層した積層部を有する、
請求項1に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記第1、第2、第3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子の各々は、NiFeCrを成分として含む下地層と、前記下地層に重なった前記積層部と、を有する、
請求項2に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記非磁性層の膜厚は、Cuの膜厚に依存する磁気抵抗変化率のRKKY振動の第1ピークに対応する厚さである、
請求項2又は3に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記第1軸は、前記X軸に対して45度の方向に沿った軸である、
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記第1、第2、第3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子の各々に関して、異方性磁界は、検知対象の磁界の強度よりも大きい、
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁気センサ。 - 互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第5磁気抵抗効果素子及び第6磁気抵抗効果素子と、前記第5磁気抵抗効果素子及び前記第6磁気抵抗効果素子間の接続点から前記第1出力信号とは逆相の第3出力信号を出力する第3出力端と、を有し、前記保持部材に保持された第3ハーフブリッジ回路と、
互いにハーフブリッジ接続された第7磁気抵抗効果素子及び第8磁気抵抗効果素子と、前記第7磁気抵抗効果素子及び前記第8磁気抵抗効果素子間の接続点から前記第2出力信号とは逆相の第4出力信号を出力する第4出力端と、を有し、前記保持部材に保持された第4ハーフブリッジ回路と、を更に備える、
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記第1磁気抵抗効果素子及び前記第5磁気抵抗効果素子を保持するボディを更に備え、
前記保持部材は、前記ボディを保持する、
請求項7に記載の磁気センサ。 - 前記第1、第2、第3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子が取り付けられたフレキシブル基板を更に備え、
前記保持部材は、前記フレキシブル基板と共に前記第1、第2、第3及び第4磁気抵抗効果素子を保持する、
請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の磁気センサ。 - 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の磁気センサと、
前記磁気センサに印加される磁界の向きを、少なくとも前記第1出力信号及び前記第2出力信号に基づいて求める処理回路と、を備える、
磁気検知システム。
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