WO2022239787A1 - センサユニット及びシステム - Google Patents
センサユニット及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022239787A1 WO2022239787A1 PCT/JP2022/019881 JP2022019881W WO2022239787A1 WO 2022239787 A1 WO2022239787 A1 WO 2022239787A1 JP 2022019881 W JP2022019881 W JP 2022019881W WO 2022239787 A1 WO2022239787 A1 WO 2022239787A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/60—Intended control result
- G05D1/646—Following a predefined trajectory, e.g. a line marked on the floor or a flight path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/20—Control system inputs
- G05D1/24—Arrangements for determining position or orientation
- G05D1/244—Arrangements for determining position or orientation using passive navigation aids external to the vehicle, e.g. markers, reflectors or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2107/00—Specific environments of the controlled vehicles
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- G05D2107/13—Spaces reserved for vehicle traffic, e.g. roads, regulated airspace or regulated waters
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2111/00—Details of signals used for control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles
- G05D2111/30—Radio signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor unit and system for detecting magnetic markers.
- Patent Document 1 there has been known a magnetic marker detection system for vehicles that uses magnetic markers laid on roads for vehicle control (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- a magnetic marker detection system is realized by a combination of a magnetic marker laid on the road and a vehicle-side magnetic marker detection device including a magnetic sensor. For example, if a vehicle can detect a magnetic marker laid along a lane on a road, various types of driving assistance such as automatic steering control and lane departure warning can be realized.
- the conventional magnetic marker detection system has the following problems. That is, there is a problem that the detection reliability of the magnetic marker may be impaired due to disturbance magnetism acting on the magnetic sensor. For example, in bridges and tunnels of RC structures that form roads, iron reinforcing plates, reinforcing bars, and the like are stretched inside to ensure structural strength. Since iron is a magnetic material, structures such as bridges and tunnels can be significant sources of magnetism. The residual magnetization of ferrous materials such as rebar is very small compared to magnets, but the magnetism that exceeds the geomagnetism is generated due to the huge volume of bridges and tunnels, and these structures have geomagnetism like yokes. can be concentrated to generate a relatively large magnetic field. For example, the magnetic fields of various magnetic sources that exist on roads such as bridges and tunnels are one of the factors that reduce the detection reliability of magnetic markers.
- the present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems described above, and aims to provide a sensor unit and system useful for detecting magnetic markers with high reliability.
- One aspect of the present invention is a sensor unit attached to a mobile object to detect a magnetic marker, one or more magnetic sensors that measure the magnetism acting from the magnetic marker; and one or more non-contact displacement sensors for measuring displacement relative to the surface on which the magnetic markers are arranged.
- One aspect of the present invention is a system for a mobile object to detect a magnetic marker, one or more magnetic sensors that measure the magnetism acting from the magnetic marker;
- the system includes a sensor unit attached to the moving object, the sensor unit comprising one or more non-contact displacement sensors for measuring displacement relative to the surface on which the magnetic markers are arranged.
- One of the technical features of the present invention is the sensor unit in which the non-contact displacement sensor is incorporated in addition to the magnetic sensor. According to this sensor unit, the magnetism generated by the magnetic marker can be measured, and the displacement relative to the surface on which the magnetic marker is arranged can be measured using the non-contact displacement sensor.
- the measurement result of the displacement relative to the surface on which the magnetic markers are arranged can be used.
- the measurement results of the displacement relative to the surface on which the magnetic markers are arranged are effective for eliminating disturbance magnetism originating from sources other than the magnetic markers, and are useful for improving the detection certainty when detecting the magnetic markers.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing how a vehicle travels in a lane on which magnetic markers are laid;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing configurations of a sensor unit and a main circuit;
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the flow of displacement measurement by a non-contact displacement sensor; Explanatory drawing which shows a mode that a previous image and a newest image are compared.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the flow of marker detection processing;
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing temporal changes in the distribution waveform of magnetism in the vehicle width direction when passing through a magnetic marker;
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a change over time of a distribution waveform of a magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction when passing through a magnetic marker; Explanatory drawing of filter processing.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another sensor unit;
- Example 1 This example relates to an in-vehicle sensor unit 1 that detects a magnetic marker 10 laid on a road. This content will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.
- FIG. 1 An example of a vehicle sensor unit 1 that detects a magnetic marker 10 laid on a road. This content will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.
- a vehicle system 1S (FIGS. 1 and 2) that implements driving support control of the vehicle 5 using the magnetic marker 10 is illustrated.
- a vehicle 5 equipped with the sensor unit 1 can detect the magnetic markers 10 while traveling on a road on which the magnetic markers 10 are arranged.
- the magnetic markers 10 are arranged along the center of the lane 100, which is the driving area of the vehicle on the road.
- the vehicle system 1S is an example of a system that uses the magnetic markers 10 arranged along the lane 100 to implement driving support control such as lane keeping control.
- the vehicle 5 that configures the vehicle system 1S is an example of a mobile object.
- the vehicle 5 includes a sensor unit 1 for detecting the magnetic marker 10, a main circuit 20 for executing marker detection processing and the like, a vehicle ECU 30 for executing driving support control, and the like.
- a sensor unit 1 for detecting the magnetic marker 10 a main circuit 20 for executing marker detection processing and the like
- a vehicle ECU 30 for executing driving support control, and the like.
- the magnetic marker 10 is a flat sheet magnet with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.
- the magnetic marker 10 can be joined to the road surface 100S by adhesion or the like, for example.
- the piece-shaped magnetic markers 10 are arranged, for example, along the center of the lane 100 at intervals of 2 m.
- the road surface 100S is an example of the surface on which the magnetic markers 10 are arranged.
- a columnar magnetic marker having a diameter of 28 mm and a height of 20 mm, for example, may be employed.
- a columnar magnetic marker for example, it is preferable to dispose the marker in a state of being housed in a hole drilled in the road surface 100S.
- the road surface 100S in which the columnar magnetic markers are embedded is also an example of the surface on which the magnetic markers are arranged.
- the sensor unit 1 includes 15 magnetic sensors Cn (n is an integer from 1 to 15), a difference circuit Gm (m is an integer from 1 to 14), and a displacement amount relative to the road surface 100S. It is an in-vehicle unit integrated with a non-contact displacement sensor 15 for measuring .
- the sensor unit 1 has an input port and an output port. As an input port, there is at least an input port for the main circuit 20 to input a control signal. There are at least the following two types of output ports.
- the first output port is a 14-channel output port that outputs a sensor signal (hereinafter referred to as a magnetic signal) obtained by performing preprocessing (difference calculation) on the magnetic measurement value of each magnetic sensor Cn.
- a second output port is an output port for a sensor signal (hereinafter referred to as a displacement signal) of the non-contact displacement sensor 15 .
- the sensor unit 1 15 magnetic sensors Cn are arranged in a straight line at regular intervals of 10 cm. As a result, the sensor unit 1 has an elongated bar shape as a whole.
- the sensor unit 1 is attached along the vehicle width direction, for example, inside the front bumper of the vehicle 5 .
- the mounting height of the sensor unit 1 with respect to the road surface 100S is 200 mm.
- the magnetic sensor Cn is a highly sensitive MI sensor that detects magnetism using the known MI effect (Magneto Impedance Effect).
- the MI effect is an electromagnetic effect in which the impedance of a magnetosensitive material such as an amorphous wire sensitively changes according to an external magnetic field.
- the MI sensor has detection sensitivity in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the amorphous wire, which is the magnetosensitive body.
- magnetic sensors Cn are arranged along the longitudinal direction. Each magnetic sensor Cn is incorporated such that the axial direction of the amorphous wire coincides with the longitudinal direction of the sensor unit 1 . As described above, the sensor unit 1 is attached along the vehicle width direction. Therefore, the axial direction of the amorphous wire of each magnetic sensor Cn of the sensor unit 1 is along the vehicle width direction.
- the magnetic sensor Cn is a highly sensitive sensor with a magnetic flux density measurement range of ⁇ 0.6 mT (millitesla) and a magnetic flux resolution of 0.02 ⁇ T within the measurement range. Furthermore, this magnetic sensor Cn is capable of magnetic measurement at a fast cycle of 3 kHz, and is compatible with high-speed running of the vehicle. In the sensor unit 1 of this example, the magnetic sensor C1 is attached to the vehicle 5 so as to be positioned on the left side of the vehicle 5 (on the passenger seat side of a right-hand drive vehicle).
- the difference circuit Gm is a circuit that performs a difference calculation of the magnetic measurement values of the two magnetic sensors as preprocessing.
- the difference circuits Gm are individually provided corresponding to 14 pairs of two adjacent magnetic sensors among the 15 magnetic sensors Cn.
- the differential circuit Gm can calculate the magnetic gradient in the direction in which the magnetic sensors are arranged (corresponding to the vehicle width direction).
- a difference calculated value (magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction) by the difference circuit Gm is output from the sensor unit 1 as a magnetic signal.
- the sensor unit 1 has 14-channel output ports (not shown) so as to simultaneously output the difference calculated values of the difference circuit Gm.
- the differential circuit Gm functions as a sampling circuit for obtaining magnetic measurement values from the magnetic sensor Cn.
- a difference circuit Gm as a sampling circuit acquires a magnetic measurement value at a period of 3 kHz at which the magnetic sensor Cn performs magnetic measurement.
- the non-contact displacement sensor 15 is a sensor that detects displacement relative to the road surface 100S.
- the non-contact displacement sensor 15 is arranged adjacent to the magnetic sensor C8 located in the center of the sensor unit 1, for example. In the configuration of this example, the non-contact displacement sensor 15 is arranged at a position corresponding to the gap between the magnetic sensors C7 and C8.
- the non-contact displacement sensor 15 includes a blue laser light source element 151, an imaging element 153 for imaging the road surface 100S, and a displacement measurement circuit 150 for processing the captured image.
- the light source element 151 is an element that irradiates a region of a certain extent on the road surface 100S with blue laser light.
- the image sensor 153 is a camera that captures an image of the area irradiated by the light source element 151 .
- the imaging element 153 is controlled to perform an imaging operation in synchronization with the light emitting operation of the light source element 151 .
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 is a circuit that performs displacement measurement on continuous images captured continuously in time.
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 superimposes the temporally preceding image on the temporally subsequent image while shifting the temporally preceding image, and examines the degree of coincidence. Then, the displacement measurement circuit 150 measures the displacement of the vehicle 5 by specifying the amount of shift in which the temporally preceding image best matches the subsequent image.
- the displacement thus measured (displacement measurement value such as displacement amount and displacement direction) is output from the non-contact displacement sensor 15 as a displacement signal. The specific contents of displacement measurement will be described in detail later.
- the vehicle system 1S is a system for realizing driving support control such as lane keeping control.
- the vehicle system 1 includes, in addition to the sensor unit 1 described above, a main circuit 20 that executes marker detection processing, a vehicle ECU 30 that controls a steering actuator, and the like.
- the difference circuit Gm of the sensor unit 1 and the main circuit 20 constitute a processing circuit for executing detection processing of the magnetic marker 10 .
- the result of marker detection processing by the main circuit 20 is output from the main circuit 20 and input to the vehicle ECU 30 .
- the result of the marker detection processing includes the amount of lateral displacement of the vehicle 5 with respect to the detected magnetic markers 10 .
- the vehicle ECU 30 controls the steering actuator to adjust the steering angle so that the lateral deviation amount approaches zero.
- the main circuit 20 (Fig. 3) is a circuit that controls the sensor unit 1 and executes marker detection processing.
- the main circuit 20 includes an electronic board (not shown) on which memory elements such as a CPU (central processing unit) that executes various operations, ROM (read only memory), RAM (random access memory), etc. are mounted. .
- the main circuit 20 has an input/output port with the sensor unit 1 .
- the input ports include 14-channel magnetic signal input ports, displacement signal input ports, and the like.
- the output ports include an output port for control signals to the sensor unit 1, an output port for results of marker detection processing, and the like.
- the main circuit 20 includes data areas M1 to M14 (referred to as Mm as appropriate) and data areas H1 to H14 (referred to as Hm as appropriate) for storing time-series data, a filter processing circuit 205 for executing arithmetic processing, and a detection processing circuit. 207. Furthermore, the main circuit 20 includes a switching circuit 203 that switches detection processing for detecting the magnetic marker 10 .
- the data area Mm is a storage area that stores (saves) data (magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction) represented by 14-channel magnetic signals output by the sensor unit 1 as sensor signals.
- the data area Hm is a storage area for storing filter output values from the filter processing circuit 205 .
- the filtering circuit 205 is a circuit that filters the time-series data stored in the data area Mm.
- the detection processing circuit 207 is a circuit that performs marker detection processing on the time-series data (filter output values) stored in the data area Hm.
- the filter processing circuit 205 and the detection processing circuit 207 constitute a processing circuit that executes detection processing of the magnetic marker 10 .
- Filter processing by the filter processing circuit 205 and marker detection processing by the detection processing circuit 207 constitute detection processing for detecting the magnetic marker 10 .
- the switching circuit 203 switches detection processing for detecting the magnetic marker 10 by changing the filter characteristics of the filtering circuit 205 .
- the filter processing circuit 205 is a circuit that performs filter processing for each channel on the 14-channel time-series data stored in the data area Mm.
- the filter processing circuit 205 sequentially stores the filter output value of each channel in the data area Hm as described above.
- the filter processing circuit 205 is provided with a plurality of types of filter characteristics, and the switching circuit 203 switches to one of the filter characteristics. Although details will be described later, the switching circuit 203 changes the filter characteristics of the filter processing circuit 205 in accordance with the displacement measurement value obtained by the non-contact displacement sensor 15 .
- the detection processing circuit 207 is a circuit that executes marker detection processing for detecting the magnetic marker 10 .
- the marker detection process is executed based on the time-series filter output values stored in the data area Hm.
- This marker detection processing includes processing for measuring the amount of lateral displacement of the vehicle 5 with respect to the detected magnetic markers 10 .
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the flow of displacement measurement.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of how the previous image and the latest image are compared.
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 controls the light source element 151 and the imaging element 153 so that the light emitting operation and the imaging operation are executed in synchronization. Note that the imaging operation and the like are performed at a frequency of 3 kHz, for example.
- the imaging element 153 images the irradiation area on the road surface 100S by the light source element 151 (S101).
- the light source element 151 is configured to broadly illuminate the road surface 100S.
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 compares the previous captured image (previous image) acquired in the previous processing loop and stored in step S104 to be described later, and the latest captured image (latest image) acquired in immediately preceding step S101. A comparison is performed (S102). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the displacement measurement circuit 150 examines the correlation (matching degree) with the latest image while shifting the previous image in the x and y directions.
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 obtains the correlation coefficient with the latest image for each position where the image was shifted last time, and specifies the position where the correlation coefficient is the largest among the positions where the image was shifted last time. In this way, the displacement measurement circuit 150 specifies the displacement amount and the displacement direction (displacement measurement value) on the imaging surface by specifying the position where the image was shifted last time (S103).
- the amount of displacement is the length of a vector defined by the amount of shift in the x direction and the amount of shift in the y direction.
- the displacement direction is the orientation of this vector.
- the displacement measurement circuit 150 After specifying the amount of displacement and the direction of displacement as described above, the displacement measurement circuit 150 stores and saves the latest image obtained in step S101 as the previous image (S104). By storing and saving the latest image in this manner, it can be referred to as the previous image in the next processing loop. Further, the displacement measurement circuit 150 outputs a displacement signal representing the displacement amount and displacement direction specified in step S103 (S105), and inputs the displacement signal to the main circuit 20.
- S104 the previous image
- S105 displacement signal representing the displacement amount and displacement direction specified in step S103
- the marker detection process is a process that is repeatedly executed at a frequency of 3 kHz by cooperative operation of the sensor unit 1 and the main circuit 20 . The contents of this marker detection processing will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the sensor unit 1 performs magnetic detection at a frequency of 3 kHz according to control by the main circuit 20 (S201).
- an amorphous wire (not shown) as a magnetosensitive body is arranged along the vehicle width direction.
- the magnetism acting on the magnetic marker 10 in the vehicle width direction is directed to the outside of the magnetic marker 10 . Therefore, the magnetic direction in the vehicle width direction acting on each magnetic sensor Cn is opposite depending on whether the magnetic marker 10 is on the left side or the right side.
- FIG. 7 exemplifies temporal changes in the magnetic distribution waveform in the vehicle width direction of the magnetic measurement values (magnetic intensity in the vehicle width direction) obtained by the magnetic sensors Cn that constitute the sensor unit 1 .
- the traveling direction (time direction) of the vehicle 5 is defined from the upper left position p1 to the lower right position p7.
- a position p4 is a position directly above the magnetic marker 10 .
- the position p1 ⁇ p4 is a section where the magnetic marker 10 is approached, and the position p4 ⁇ p7 is a section where the magnetic marker 10 is farther away.
- the waveform has two alternating peaks with opposite positive and negative polarities.
- the amplitude of the distributed waveform of the two peaks gradually increases, reaching the maximum amplitude at a position p4 directly above the magnetic marker 10. Thereafter, as the vehicle 5 moves away from the magnetic marker 10, the amplitude of the distribution waveform of the two peaks gradually decreases.
- the magnetic measurement value of each magnetic sensor Cn is immediately input to the difference circuit Gm (Fig. 3).
- the magnetic measurement values of the magnetic sensors C1 and C2 are input to the difference circuit G1, and a difference operation is performed to subtract the magnetic measurement value of C1 from the magnetic measurement value of C2 (S202).
- the difference circuit Gm performs a difference operation of subtracting the magnetic measurement value of the magnetic sensor Cm (m is a natural number from 1 to 14) from the magnetic measurement value of the magnetic sensor C(m+1).
- the difference calculation value of the difference circuit Gm is the difference between the magnetic measurement values of two adjacent magnetic sensors Cn in the sensor unit 1, and indicates the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction.
- the distribution waveform of the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction is a waveform in which small peaks with opposite polarities to the high peaks are adjacent to both sides of the high peaks, as exemplified in the graphs at positions p1 to p7 in FIG. .
- the difference calculation in step S202 in FIG. 6 is effective in removing common magnetic noise that uniformly acts on each magnetic sensor Cn.
- Common magnetic noise arises not only from the geomagnetic field, but also from large magnetic sources such as railway bridges and other vehicles.
- the magnetic field loop from the N pole to the S pole becomes very large, so that the magnetic field is nearly uniform at the intermediate position between the two poles, and the magnetism acting on each magnetic sensor Cn is nearly uniform. It's becoming The difference calculation in step S202 described above is also effective in removing the magnetism acting nearly uniformly on each magnetic sensor Cn.
- Each difference calculated value by the difference circuit Gm (an example of a calculated value based on the magnetic measurement value) is output all at once by the sensor unit 1 as 14-channel sensor signals.
- time-series data for each channel based on this sensor signal is stored in the data area Mm (FIG. 3).
- the main circuit 20 erases the oldest data in the data area Mm and sequentially feeds each data in the data area Mm to provide an empty area. Then, the data represented by the newly acquired sensor signal is stored in the free area. Due to such a storage operation by the data area Mm, each channel of the data area Mm stores data of time-series difference calculation values (magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction) over a predetermined period in the past.
- the amplitude of the time-series differential calculated value (magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction) data in the data area Mm increases as the vehicle 5 approaches the magnetic marker 10 .
- the diagonal graph on the right side of FIG. 8 is a graph of temporal changes in the peak value of the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction at each position p1 to p7.
- the direction of travel (time direction) is defined by an axis extending diagonally downward to the right in the figure
- the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction is defined by an orthogonal axis.
- step S203 in FIG. 6 the sensor unit 1 uses the non-contact displacement sensor 15 to perform the displacement measurement described above with reference to FIGS.
- the displacement measurement result (displacement amount and displacement direction) is input to the main circuit 20 as a displacement signal.
- This displacement signal is a signal representing the displacement of the non-contact displacement sensor 15 relative to the road surface 100S, that is, the displacement of the vehicle 5 relative to the road surface 100S.
- the main circuit 20 When the main circuit 20 receives the displacement signal from the sensor unit 1, it changes the filter characteristic of the filter processing circuit 205 to a filter characteristic corresponding to the amount of displacement included in the displacement signal (S204). As described above, in the filter processing circuit 205, multiple types of filter characteristics are set in advance. As will be described later, the main circuit 20 selects one of a plurality of types of filter characteristics according to the amount of displacement.
- the main circuit 20 inputs the 14-channel time-series data of the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction stored in the data area Mm (m is an integer from 1 to 14) to the filter processing circuit 205, and performs filter processing for each channel. (S205).
- This filtering process is a filtering process that blocks low-frequency components and allows high-frequency components to pass.
- the filter processing circuit 205 calculates a filter output value by a convolution operation of an IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filter on the time-series data in the data area Mm, and stores it in the data area Hm (FIG. 3).
- IIR Intelligent Impulse Response
- the filter processing circuit 205 will be described.
- the difference calculation in step S202 in FIG. 6 exhibits a certain effect.
- a gentle magnetic gradient is generated in the vicinity of the ends that become magnetic poles due to wraparound of the magnetic field.
- the differential operation in S202 removes uniform magnetism, and it is difficult to remove magnetic gradients.
- the distance between the magnetic poles is different, which results in a different rate of change of the magnetic gradient. That is, in a large magnetic source with a long distance between the magnetic poles, the transition of the magnetic gradient of one magnetic pole to the magnetic gradient of the other magnetic pole is long, so the change in the magnetic gradient is gradual and the frequency is low.
- the magnetic marker 10 which is a small magnetic source, has a short distance between the poles, so that the magnetic gradient changes rapidly, the rate of change increases, and the frequency increases. Filtering for blocking low-frequency components can remove magnetic gradients that change slowly and have a small rate of change due to large magnetic sources.
- the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction by the difference calculation in step S202 changes as shown in the diagonal graph on the right side of the paper in FIG.
- a peak should occur each time the magnetic marker 10 is passed.
- the filter processing by the filter processing circuit 205 is processing for blocking low-frequency components with respect to such changes in the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction (FIG. 9(a)). According to this filtering process, the change in the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction of FIG. 11(a) can be approximated to the ideal change in which the peaks appear periodically as shown in FIG. 11(b).
- the object of filtering by the filtering circuit 205 is, for example, time-series data representing temporal changes in the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction in FIG.
- the purpose of this filtering process is to remove the influence of the magnetic gradient generated at the magnetic pole ends of large magnetic sources such as bridges and tunnels, and to make the magnetic gradient around the magnetic marker 10 conspicuous. be.
- the higher the vehicle speed the shorter the time required to pass the area near the edge of the magnetic pole of a large magnetic source such as a bridge or tunnel. Conversely, the lower the vehicle speed, the longer it takes to pass through this area. Therefore, the temporal change in the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction in FIG. 9 has a higher frequency as the vehicle speed increases, and a lower frequency as the vehicle speed decreases.
- a plurality of types of filter characteristics with different cutoff frequencies are set in the filter processing circuit 205 that performs filter processing for removing low-frequency components.
- the filter processing circuit 205 can change the filter characteristics according to the vehicle speed.
- the filter characteristics include a high cutoff frequency filter characteristic corresponding to high speed running, a low cutoff frequency filter characteristic corresponding to low speed running, and an intermediate cutoff frequency filter characteristic corresponding to medium speed running. is provided.
- step S204 (FIG. 6) described above, the filter processing performed by the filter processing circuit 205 is changed to one of the three types of filter characteristics described above according to the amount of displacement measured in step S203.
- step S205 the detection processing circuit 207 (main circuit 20) reads the time-series filter output values (for example, FIG. 9(b)) of each channel in the data area Hm, and executes marker detection processing (S206). For example, the detection processing circuit 207 selects the channel with the largest fluctuation width among the channels of the time-series filter output values. Then, the detection processing circuit 207 performs threshold processing, for example, on the time-series filter output values of the selected channel, ie, the changes illustrated in FIG. 9B. According to threshold processing, it is possible to relatively easily detect peaks that appear periodically each time the magnetic marker 10 is passed, for example, from the time-series changes in the filter values shown in FIG. 9B.
- threshold processing it is possible to relatively easily detect peaks that appear periodically each time the magnetic marker 10 is passed, for example, from the time-series changes in the filter values shown in FIG. 9B.
- the detection processing circuit 207 selects the data of each channel at the time when the magnetic marker 10 is detected from among the time-series data of the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction stored in the data area Mm (see FIG. 3). 8, read out the data that constitutes the distribution waveform at point p4. Then, the detection processing circuit 207 identifies the position of the peak value in the vehicle width direction in the data forming the distribution waveform.
- the position of this peak value in the vehicle width direction is the position directly above the magnetic marker 10 in the vehicle width direction when the sensor unit 1 passes the magnetic marker 10 . Therefore, based on the position of this peak value, it is possible to identify the amount of lateral displacement of the vehicle 5 with respect to the magnetic marker 10 .
- the magnetic marker 10 has been detected and the amount of lateral deviation with respect to the detected magnetic marker 10 are output from the main circuit 20 as a result of the marker detection processing.
- the result of the marker detection process is input to the vehicle ECU 30 as described above and used for lane keeping control and the like.
- the sensor unit 1 in the vehicle system 1 of this example includes a non-contact displacement sensor in addition to the magnetic sensor.
- This sensor unit 1 can measure the amount of displacement of the vehicle 5 relative to the road surface 100S on which the magnetic markers 10 are arranged.
- the non-contact displacement sensor 15 in this example is a sensor that measures the displacement of the vehicle 5.
- the non-contact displacement sensor 15 shifts the temporally preceding image among the temporally continuous images, superimposes it on the temporally subsequent image, and measures the displacement by examining the degree of coincidence. Instead of shifting the entire image, it is also possible to divide the image into regions and shift each region to examine the degree of matching. Further, in the non-contact displacement sensor 15 of this example, only translational movement without rotation is assumed between temporally continuous images. In addition to translation, it is also good to examine rotation. In this case, it becomes possible to measure changes in the orientation of the vehicle.
- the filter characteristics of the filter processing forming part of the marker detection processing are changed according to the amount of displacement of the vehicle 5 .
- the filter characteristics according to the displacement amount of the vehicle 5 it is possible to apply appropriate filtering according to the vehicle speed and improve the detection reliability of the magnetic marker 10 .
- the sensor unit 1 is provided with a separate main circuit 20 for executing filter processing and marker detection processing.
- a sensor unit in which the main circuit 20 is integrated may be employed.
- it may be a sensor unit in which the data area Mm of the main circuit 20 and the filter processing circuit 205 are integrally incorporated. The sensor signal in this case becomes the filter output value for each channel.
- stepless filter characteristics may be set according to the amount of displacement of the vehicle 5 or the vehicle speed. In this case, more appropriate filter processing can be executed according to the amount of displacement of the vehicle 5 or the like.
- the filtering process executed by the filtering circuit 205 of this example is a high-pass filter that passes high frequency components and cuts off low frequency components.
- the filter processing it is also possible to lower the cutoff frequency that cuts off low frequencies, or to set the cutoff characteristics of the filter loosely. If the cutoff characteristic is gentle, the degree of freedom in filter design increases, and there is a possibility that the computational load required for filter processing can be reduced.
- a band-pass filter is provided that passes frequency components in a range corresponding to magnetic changes when passing through the magnetic marker 10 and cuts off frequency components higher and lower than that range. can be
- the detection processing of this example includes filtering processing for the signal representing the temporal change in the calculated difference value (time-series data of the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction).
- this difference calculation value is an example of a magnetic measurement value by a magnetic sensor or a calculation value based on the magnetic measurement value.
- the filtering process may be a filtering process for a signal representing a temporal change in the magnetic measurement value of the magnetic sensor. Filtering may be performed on a signal that represents a spatial change in the calculated difference value.
- the spatial change for example, a change according to the position of the vehicle 5 in the direction of travel can be considered.
- the magnetic sensor may perform magnetic measurement.
- sequence data is data representing spatial changes.
- the magnetic sensor performs magnetic measurement in a sufficiently fast cycle, it is also possible to make the capture cycle of the sensor signal on the main circuit 20 side different from the measurement cycle.
- the main circuit 20 may be configured to receive a sensor signal from the sensor unit 1 each time the vehicle 5 moves a predetermined distance.
- the magnetic sensor Cn that has sensitivity in the vehicle width direction is used, but a magnetic sensor that has sensitivity in the direction of travel may be used, or a magnetic sensor that has sensitivity in the vertical direction may be used.
- a magnetic sensor having sensitivity in two axial directions of the vehicle width direction and the traveling direction or two axial directions of the traveling direction and the vertical direction may be adopted.
- a magnetic sensor sensitive to the direction may be employed.
- a magnetic sensor with sensitivity along multiple axes can be used to measure the magnitude of the magnetic field as well as the direction of magnetic action and generate a magnetic vector. It is also possible to distinguish between the magnetism of the magnetic marker 10 and the disturbance magnetism by using the difference of the magnetic vectors and the rate of change of the difference in the traveling direction.
- it is also possible to remove disturbance magnetism by applying spatial filtering to magnetic changes in a two-dimensional space defined by the traveling direction (time direction) and the vehicle width direction of the vehicle.
- a spatial filter may be applied to magnetic changes in a two-dimensional space defined by the vehicle width direction and the vertical direction.
- a spatio-temporal filter may be applied to remove disturbance magnetism in the magnetic change in the spatio-temporal domain obtained by combining the travel direction (time direction) of the vehicle with respect to this two-dimensional space.
- the sensor unit 1 in which the magnetic sensors are arranged in a straight line is exemplified, but a sensor unit having only one magnetic sensor is also conceivable.
- the configuration in which one non-contact displacement sensor is incorporated in the sensor unit in which the magnetic sensors are arranged in a straight line is illustrated, but a plurality of non-contact displacement sensors may be incorporated.
- one non-contact displacement sensor 15 may be incorporated at each end of the sensor unit 1 .
- the non-contact displacement sensors 15 at both ends are arranged on a straight line along which the magnetic sensors are arranged, or on a straight line parallel to this straight line.
- the two non-contact displacement sensors 15 arranged at both ends of the sensor unit 1 respectively measure the displacement, it becomes possible to measure the change in inclination of the sensor unit 1, that is, the rotation component. In this case, it is possible to measure not only the translational movement defined by the displacement amount and the displacement direction, but also the displacement accompanying rotation. If the displacement of the sensor unit 1 can be measured with high accuracy in this way, the displacement of each magnetic sensor that constitutes the sensor unit 1 can be specified individually. Alternatively, a non-contact displacement sensor may be provided individually corresponding to each magnetic sensor so that the displacement of each magnetic sensor can be specified.
- the filter characteristics can be changed for each channel.
- the channel in this example corresponds to the differential circuit Gm, but if the differential circuit Gm is omitted, a channel may be provided for each magnetic sensor and the filter characteristics may be changed for each channel. good.
- a sensor unit in which magnetic sensors are two-dimensionally arranged may be adopted.
- the number of non-contact displacement sensors incorporated in the sensor unit may be one, but preferably two or more.
- the displacement of the sensor unit can be specified with high accuracy
- the displacement of each magnetic sensor can be specified with high accuracy, so that more appropriate processing can be applied to the data derived from each magnetic sensor.
- the magnetic gradient in the vehicle width direction is generated by difference calculation for the magnetic sensors Cn arranged in the vehicle width direction.
- the filter characteristics of the filter processing circuit 205 are changed according to the amount of displacement, thereby switching the detection processing for detecting the magnetic marker. ing.
- the detection process may be switched according to the displacement direction.
- the meaning of "displacement" in descriptions such as the displacement of a vehicle that is a moving body, the displacement of a magnetic sensor, etc. includes the physical quantity for specifying the displacement, such as the amount of displacement and the direction of displacement.
- the magnetic measurement and marker detection processing are executed at a constant time cycle of 3 kHz.
- the magnetic measurement and marker detection processing may be executed each time the displacement detected by the non-contact displacement sensor reaches 5 cm.
- the displacement measurement by the non-contact displacement sensor should be performed repeatedly at a sufficiently fast time cycle of 10 kHz, for example. It is preferable to set the cycle of the displacement measurement so that, for example, a vehicle traveling at high speed advances by 0.2 cm to 1 cm.
- the changes illustrated in the right side of FIG. The change that occurs is not a temporal change but a positional change.
- the positional change is the same regardless of whether the vehicle speed is high and the displacement measured by the non-contact displacement sensor is large, or whether the vehicle speed is low and the displacement measured by the non-contact displacement sensor is small. Therefore, if it is a positional change, it becomes less necessary to switch the filter characteristics according to the amount of displacement measured by the non-contact displacement sensor.
- the distinction between driving on an expressway and driving on a general road may be made, for example, based on the identification result of the road on which the map matching function of the navigation system is running. You may distinguish according to quantity (namely, vehicle speed) or a driving pattern.
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Abstract
Description
前記磁気マーカから作用する磁気を計測する1又は複数の磁気センサと、
前記磁気マーカが配設された表面に相対する変位を計測する1又は複数の非接触変位センサと、を備えるセンサユニットにある。
前記磁気マーカから作用する磁気を計測する1又は複数の磁気センサと、
前記磁気マーカが配設された表面に相対する変位を計測する1又は複数の非接触変位センサと、を備えるセンサユニットが、前記移動体に取り付けられているシステムにある。
(実施例1)
本例は、道路に敷設された磁気マーカ10を検出する車載用のセンサユニット1に関する例である。この内容について、図1~図10を用いて説明する。
(1)変位計測
非接触変位センサ15を構成する変位計測回路150の動作を主体として、変位計測の内容を図4及び図5を参照して説明する。図4は、変位計測の流れを示すフロー図である。図5は、前回画像と最新画像とを比較する様子の説明図である。
マーカ検出処理は、センサユニット1及び主回路20の協調動作により3kHzの周波数で繰り返し実行される処理である。このマーカ検出処理の内容について、図6のフロー図を参照しながら説明する。
Cn 磁気センサ
1S 車両システム(システム)
10 磁気マーカ
100S 路面(表面)
15 非接触変位センサ
150 変位計測回路
151 光源素子
153 撮像素子
20 主回路
203 切替回路
205 フィルタ処理回路
207 検出処理回路
30 車両ECU
5 車両
Claims (16)
- 磁気マーカを検出するために移動体に取り付けられるセンサユニットであって、
前記磁気マーカから作用する磁気を計測する1又は複数の磁気センサと、
前記磁気マーカが配設された表面に相対する変位を計測する1又は複数の非接触変位センサと、を備えるセンサユニット。 - 請求項1において、複数の磁気センサが一直線上に配列されており、当該一直線と平行をなす直線上に、少なくとも2つの複数の非接触変位センサが配置されているセンサユニット。
- 請求項1において、複数の磁気センサが2次元的に配列されていると共に、少なくとも2つの複数の非接触変位センサが異なる位置に配置されているセンサユニット。
- 請求項1において、複数の磁気センサと、複数の非接触変位センサと、を備えると共に、当該複数の磁気センサのうちの各磁気センサの変位を個別に計測できるよう、当該各磁気センサに対して非接触変位センサが個別に配設されているセンサユニット。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項において、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値に処理を施して磁気マーカを検出するための検出処理を実行する処理回路と、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて前記検出処理を切り替える切替回路と、を備えるセンサユニット。
- 請求項2~4のいずれか1項において、前記複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値に処理を施して磁気マーカを検出するための検出処理を実行する処理回路と、
前記複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて前記検出処理を切り替える切替回路と、を備え、
前記検出処理には、前記複数の磁気センサのうちの一の磁気センサによる時系列の磁気計測値に施す処理が含まれており、
該切替回路は、前記複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に基づき前記複数の磁気センサを構成する各磁気センサの変位をそれぞれ特定すると共に、各磁気センサの変位に応じて前記時系列の磁気計測値に施す処理を、磁気センサ毎に個別に変更できるように構成されているセンサユニット。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか1項において、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値を取得するサンプリング回路を有し、
該サンプリング回路は、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて磁気計測値を取得する時間的な間隔を変更するように構成されているセンサユニット。 - 請求項2~4のいずれか1項において、前記複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値を並列して取得するサンプリング回路を有し、
該サンプリング回路は、前記複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に基づき前記複数の磁気センサを構成する各磁気センサの変位をそれぞれ特定すると共に、各磁気センサの変位に応じて磁気計測値を取得する時間的な間隔を、磁気センサ毎に個別に変更できるように構成されているセンサユニット。 - 請求項7または8において、前記サンプリング回路は、磁気計測値を取得した位置が一定の距離的な間隔を空けて配列され得るよう、磁気計測値を取得する時間的な間隔を変更するように構成されているセンサユニット。
- 請求項5または6において、前記検出処理は、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値あるいは該磁気計測値に基づく演算値の時間的あるいは空間的な変化を表す信号に対するフィルタ処理を含んでおり、
前記切替回路は、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて前記フィルタ処理のフィルタ特性を変更することにより前記検出処理を切り替えるように構成されているセンサユニット。 - 移動体が磁気マーカを検出するためのシステムであって、
前記磁気マーカから作用する磁気を計測する1又は複数の磁気センサと、
前記磁気マーカが配設された表面に相対する変位を計測する1又は複数の非接触変位センサと、を備えるセンサユニットが、前記移動体に取り付けられているシステム。 - 請求項11において、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値に処理を施して磁気マーカを検出するための検出処理を実行する処理回路と、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサが計測した変位に応じて前記検出処理を切り替える切替回路と、を備えるシステム。
- 請求項12において、前記検出処理は、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値あるいは該磁気計測値に基づく演算値の時間的あるいは空間的な変化を表す信号に対するフィルタ処理を含んでおり、
前記切替回路は、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて前記フィルタ処理のフィルタ特性を変更することにより前記検出処理を切り替えるように構成されているシステム。 - 請求項11において、前記1又は複数の磁気センサによる磁気計測値を取得するサンプリング回路を有し、
該サンプリング回路は、前記1又は複数の非接触変位センサによる変位計測値に応じて磁気計測値を取得する時間的な間隔を変更するように構成されているシステム。 - 請求項14において、前記サンプリング回路は、磁気計測値を取得した位置が一定の距離的な間隔を空けて配列され得るよう、磁気計測値を取得する時間的な間隔を変更するように構成されているシステム。
- 請求項12または13において、前記移動体は道路を走行する車両であって、
前記切替回路は、前記移動体が走行する道路の種別に応じて前記検出処理を切り替え可能であるシステム。
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JP2001167389A (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-22 | Hino Motors Ltd | 車両の位置検出装置 |
JP2005202478A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Denso Corp | 車両用自動走行システム |
JP2005258941A (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 障害物検出装置 |
JP2020135711A (ja) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-31 | 三菱重工エンジニアリング株式会社 | 制御装置、移動体および制御方法 |
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JP2001167389A (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-22 | Hino Motors Ltd | 車両の位置検出装置 |
JP2005202478A (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Denso Corp | 車両用自動走行システム |
JP2005258941A (ja) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 障害物検出装置 |
JP2020135711A (ja) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-31 | 三菱重工エンジニアリング株式会社 | 制御装置、移動体および制御方法 |
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