WO2022239225A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022239225A1 WO2022239225A1 PCT/JP2021/018383 JP2021018383W WO2022239225A1 WO 2022239225 A1 WO2022239225 A1 WO 2022239225A1 JP 2021018383 W JP2021018383 W JP 2021018383W WO 2022239225 A1 WO2022239225 A1 WO 2022239225A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- switch
- current
- power supply
- voltage
- Prior art date
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
- H02M1/344—Active dissipative snubbers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
- H02M1/348—Passive dissipative snubbers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to power supply devices.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an input terminal connected to an AC power supply, an output terminal connected to a load, an AC switch connected between the input terminal and the output terminal, and an AC switch.
- a power supply device comprising a bidirectional power conversion circuit connected to an input terminal via a switch, a power storage device connected to the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a voltage detector detecting an AC voltage input to the input terminal disclosed.
- the power supply device described in Patent Document 1 determines whether the AC voltage of the input terminal is normal or abnormal based on the detected value of the voltage detector. When the AC voltage is normal, the power supply turns on the AC switch and controls the bidirectional power conversion circuit to charge the power storage device. On the other hand, when the AC voltage is abnormal, the power supply turns off the AC switch and controls the bidirectional power conversion circuit to supply power from the power storage device to the load.
- Patent Document 1 a semiconductor switch is applied to the AC switch in order to perform high-speed on/off operation.
- a surge voltage is generated between the terminals of the semiconductor switch if the semiconductor switch is suddenly turned off while current is flowing through the semiconductor switch.
- a snubber circuit for example, snubber capacitor
- a snubber capacitor can be connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor switch is turned off while current is flowing through the semiconductor switch, that is, when energy is stored in the snubber capacitor, the energy stored in the snubber capacitor flows to the voltage detector, may cause magnetic saturation due to its inductance. In such a case, magnetic saturation of the inductance may cause resonance between the inductance and the snubber capacitor.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve such problems. It is to suppress the occurrence of the resonance phenomenon.
- a power supply device includes a first terminal, a second terminal, an AC switch, a power converter, a current detector, a voltage detector, and a control device.
- the first terminal is connected to an AC power supply through a circuit breaker.
- the second terminal is connected to the load.
- the AC switch has a semiconductor switch and a snubber circuit connected in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal.
- the power converter is connected between the power storage device and the second terminal, converts the DC power of the power storage device into AC power, and outputs the AC power to the second terminal.
- a current detector detects the current flowing through the AC switch.
- the voltage detector detects an AC voltage input to the first terminal.
- the controller controls the AC switch and the power converter based on the detected value of the voltage detector.
- the control device turns on the semiconductor switch to supply the AC power supplied from the AC power supply to the load via the AC switch. Further, when the circuit breaker is detected to be open, the current detected by the current detector flows through the semiconductor switch with a current opposite in phase to the current detected by the current detector, and the power is supplied to the load with AC power. Control the converter. The control device turns off the semiconductor switch when the amplitude of the detected value of the current detector is zero.
- a power supply device including a semiconductor switch connected between an AC power supply and a load, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a resonance phenomenon when the semiconductor switch is turned off.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of the AC switch shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device when a power failure occurs;
- 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the power supply device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a control apparatus. 4 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device according to Embodiment 1;
- 5 is a flowchart for explaining control processing in the power supply device according to Embodiment 1;
- 4 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the opening operation of the circuit breaker; 9 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device according to Embodiment 2; 9 is a flowchart for explaining control processing in the power supply device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply device according to Embodiment 1.
- power supply device 10 As shown in FIG. 1, power supply device 10 according to Embodiment 1 is configured to be connected between AC power supply 1 and load 2, receive AC power from AC power supply 1, and supply AC power to load 2. be done.
- the power supply device 10 is applied, for example, to a device (for example, an instantaneous power failure compensation device) for supplying stable AC power to a load 2 without interruption when a power failure or instantaneous voltage drop occurs in the AC power supply 1. obtain.
- the AC power supply 1 is typically a commercial AC power supply, and supplies commercial frequency AC power to the power supply device 10 .
- the load 2 is driven by commercial-frequency AC power supplied from the power supply device 10 .
- FIG. 1 shows only the portion related to one-phase AC power, power supply device 10 may receive three-phase AC power and output three-phase AC power.
- the power supply device 10 includes an input terminal T1, an output terminal T2, a DC terminal T3, a switch circuit 12, a bidirectional converter 14, current detectors 15 and 17, voltage detectors 16 and 18, and a control device. 20.
- the input terminal T1 is electrically connected to the AC power supply 1 via the circuit breaker 5 and receives the commercial frequency AC voltage VI supplied from the AC power supply 1 .
- Input terminal T1 corresponds to an embodiment of "first terminal".
- the circuit breaker 5 is, for example, a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB).
- the circuit breaker 5 has a mechanical switch. Circuit breaker 5 is opened in response to an opening command given from a host controller (not shown) during maintenance and inspection of an electric power system including power supply device 10 . Alternatively, when a ground fault or the like occurs in the power system, the circuit breaker 5 autonomously opens in response to a signal from a relay (not shown) in order to interrupt the fault current. However, since the breaker 5 has a mechanical switch, its opening operation takes several tens of milliseconds.
- the output terminal T2 is connected to the load 2.
- a load 2 is driven by an AC voltage VO supplied from an output terminal T2.
- the output terminal T2 corresponds to one embodiment of the "second terminal".
- the DC terminal T3 is connected to the battery 3.
- Battery 3 corresponds to an embodiment of a "power storage device” that stores DC power.
- an electric double layer capacitor may be connected to the DC terminal T3.
- the instantaneous value of DC voltage VB at DC terminal T3 (voltage between terminals of battery 3) is detected by control device 20 .
- the switch circuit 12 is connected between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2, and configured to switch between electrical connection and disconnection between the AC power supply 1 and the load 2.
- the switch circuit 12 has an input node 12a, an output node 12b, and n AC switches SW1 to SWn (where n is an integer equal to or greater than 2).
- Input node 12a is connected to input terminal T1
- output node 12b is connected to output terminal T2.
- the number of AC switches is not limited to plural, and may be singular.
- AC switches SW1 to SWn are connected in series between the input node 12a and the output node 12b.
- the AC switches SW1 to SWn are controlled to be conductive (on) and cut off (off) by gate signals G1 to Gn input from the control device 20, respectively.
- the AC switches SW1 to SWn are collectively referred to as “AC switches SW”
- the gate signals G1 to Gn are collectively referred to as “gate signals G”. .
- the AC switch SW has a semiconductor switch 13, a snubber circuit SN, and a varistor Z.
- the semiconductor switch 13 has a first terminal 13a, a second terminal 13b, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) Q, and a diode D connected in antiparallel to the IGBTQ.
- the IGBTQ has a collector connected to the first terminal 13a of the semiconductor switch 13 and an emitter connected to the second terminal 13b.
- the diode D is connected with the forward direction from the second terminal 13b to the first terminal 13a.
- Diode D is a freewheeling diode.
- the semiconductor switch 13 is not limited to the IGBT, and any self arc-extinguishing semiconductor switching element can be used.
- the semiconductor switch 13 is turned on by a gate signal G of H (logic high) level and turned off by a gate signal G of L (logic low) level. That is, the H level gate signal G corresponds to an ON command (conduction command) for turning on the semiconductor switch 13, and the L level gate signal G corresponds to an OFF command (shut off command) for turning off the semiconductor switch 13. do.
- the snubber circuit SN is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch 13 and protects the corresponding semiconductor switch 13 from surge voltage.
- Snubber circuit SN includes, for example, a resistance element and a capacitor connected in series between terminals 13a and 13b. If the semiconductor switch 13 is suddenly turned off while a current is flowing through the semiconductor switch 13, a surge voltage is generated between the terminals 13a and 13b due to self-inductance. Snubber circuit SN protects semiconductor switch 13 by suppressing such a surge voltage.
- the varistor Z is connected between terminals 13a and 13b.
- the varistor Z is a resistor whose resistance value depends on voltage.
- the varistor Z is, for example, ZnR (Zinc oxide nonlinear resistor).
- the resistance value of the varistor Z changes according to the voltage across its terminals, and drops sharply when it exceeds a predetermined threshold voltage. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the voltage between the terminals 13a and 13b from exceeding the threshold voltage and prevent the semiconductor switch 13 from being destroyed by the surge voltage.
- the AC switch SW is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and may have the configuration shown in FIG. 2, for example.
- the AC switch SW has IGBTs QA and QB connected in anti-series, diodes D1A and D1B connected in anti-parallel to the IGBTs QA and QB, a snubber circuit SN, and a varistor Z.
- the collector of IGBTQA is connected to the first terminal 13a, and the emitter is connected to the emitter of IGBTQB.
- the collector of IGBTQB is connected to the second terminal 13b.
- the diode DA is connected with the forward direction from the second terminal 13b toward the first terminal 13a.
- the diode DB is connected with the forward direction from the first terminal 13a to the second terminal 13b.
- the snubber circuit SN is connected in parallel with the series circuit of the IGBTs QA and QB.
- Bidirectional converter 14 is connected between the output node 12b of the switch circuit 12 and the DC terminal T3.
- Bi-directional converter 14 is configured to perform power conversion in both directions between AC power output to output node 12 b and DC power stored in battery 3 .
- Bidirectional converter 14 corresponds to one embodiment of a "power converter.”
- the bi-directional converter 14 converts the AC power supplied from the AC power supply 1 through the switch circuit 12 to DC power in a normal state when the AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1, and supplies the DC power to the battery 3. store.
- the bidirectional converter 14 converts the DC power of the battery 3 into AC power of commercial frequency, AC power is supplied to load 2 .
- the bidirectional converter 14 has a plurality of semiconductor switching elements.
- the plurality of semiconductor switching elements are controlled to be turned on and off by control signals generated by the control device 20 .
- the control signal is a pulse signal train and is a PWM (Pulse Width Modulator) signal.
- Bidirectional converter 14 turns on or off a plurality of semiconductor switching elements in response to a control signal to bidirectionally switch between the AC power output to output node 12b and the DC power input/output to/from DC terminal T3. power conversion can be performed.
- the voltage detector 16 detects the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VI supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the input terminal T1, and gives the controller 20 a signal indicating the detected value.
- a potential transformer (VT: Voltage Transformer) is used for the voltage detector 16 .
- Control device 20 determines whether AC voltage VI is normally supplied from AC power supply 1 based on the instantaneous value of AC voltage VI. For example, when AC voltage VI is higher than a predetermined lower limit voltage, control device 20 determines that AC voltage VI is being supplied normally. Control device 20 determines that AC voltage VI is not being supplied normally when AC voltage VI drops below the lower limit voltage.
- the voltage detector 18 detects the instantaneous value of the AC voltage VO appearing at the output terminal T2 and gives the controller 20 a signal indicating the detected value.
- the current detector 15 detects the instantaneous value of the alternating current Isw flowing through the switch circuit 12 (the alternating current switch SW) and gives the controller 20 a signal indicating the detected value.
- Current detector 17 detects an instantaneous value of alternating current (hereinafter also referred to as “load current”) IL flowing through output terminal T2 and provides controller 20 with a signal indicating the detected value.
- Control device 20 uses a command from a host controller (not shown) and signals input from voltage detectors 16 and 18 and current detectors 15 and 17 to turn switch circuit 12 (AC switch SW) on/off and bidirectionally. It controls the operation of converter 14 .
- the control device 20 can be configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
- the control device 20 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory (not shown), and executes the control operation described below by software processing by the CPU executing a program stored in advance in the memory. can do. Alternatively, part or all of the control operation can be realized by hardware processing using a built-in dedicated electronic circuit instead of software processing.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12 is turned on, AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the load 2 through the switch circuit 12, and the load 2 is driven. Also, AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the bidirectional converter 14 via the switch circuit 12 , and the AC power is converted into DC power and stored in the battery 3 .
- control device 20 controls bi-directional converter 14 so that voltage VB across terminals of battery 3 becomes reference voltage VBr.
- each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12 is instantly turned off, and the DC power of the battery 3 is converted to AC power by the bidirectional converter 14. It is converted into electric power and supplied to the load 2 . Therefore, even if an abnormality occurs in the AC power supply 1, the operation of the load 2 can be continued while the DC power is stored in the battery 3.
- the controller 20 controls the bidirectional converter 14 so that the AC voltage VO becomes the reference voltage VOr. Control device 20 stops operation of bidirectional converter 14 when voltage VB between terminals of battery 3 decreases and reaches the lower limit voltage.
- the circuit breaker 5 when AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 and the circuit breaker 5 is opened, a power failure of the AC power supply 1 occurs in the power supply device 10 .
- the circuit breaker 5 is opened in response to an opening command from the host controller, as described above.
- the circuit breaker 5 opens autonomously.
- FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device 10 when a power failure of the AC power supply 1 occurs.
- FIG. 3 shows temporal waveforms of the AC voltage VI, the AC current Isw flowing through the AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12, the output current Icnv of the bidirectional converter 14, and the state of the AC switch SW.
- control device 20 may operate bidirectional converter 14 to store DC power in battery 3 .
- control device 20 determines that AC voltage VI is not being supplied normally, and switches Each AC switch SW of the circuit 12 is turned off. Specifically, the control device 20 generates an L-level gate signal G and outputs the generated gate signal G to the semiconductor switch 13 of each AC switch SW.
- the control device 20 further activates the bi-directional converter 14.
- the bi-directional converter 14 converts the DC power of the battery 3 into AC power and supplies it to the load 2 .
- the amplitude of output current Icnv of bidirectional converter 14 increases.
- a current is flowing through the semiconductor switch 13 of the AC switch SW at the time when the AC switch SW is turned off (time t2). Therefore, a surge voltage is generated between the terminals 13a and 13b of the semiconductor switch 13 when the semiconductor switch 13 is turned off.
- Snubber circuit SN protects semiconductor switch 13 by suppressing a surge voltage.
- the semiconductor switch 13 when the semiconductor switch 13 is turned off in a state in which a current is flowing through the semiconductor switch 13, that is, in a state in which energy is stored in the capacitor of the snubber circuit SN, the energy stored in the capacitor is transferred to the voltage detector 16 (instrument transformer), and the inductance of the voltage detector 16 may cause magnetic saturation. In such a case, a resonance phenomenon may occur between the inductance and the capacitor due to magnetic saturation of the inductance.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of power supply device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the AC switch SW when the AC switch SW is turned on, AC power is supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the load 2 via the AC switch SW.
- the bidirectional converter 14 has stopped operating.
- an alternating current supplied from the alternating current power supply 1 flows through the alternating current switch SW and is supplied to the load 2.
- FIG. That is, the AC current Isw flowing through the AC switch SW is equal to the load current IL.
- control device 20 activates the bidirectional converter 14 and operates the bidirectional converter 14 so as to convert the DC power of the battery 3 into AC power. Control.
- the control device 20 controls the bidirectional converter 14 so that an alternating current having a phase opposite to that of the alternating current Isw flows through the alternating current switch SW, as indicated by an arrow A2 in the drawing.
- the reverse-phase AC current is an AC current having the same period as the AC current Isw and a phase difference of 180°.
- the alternating current Isw and the opposite phase alternating current cancel each other, thereby reducing the amplitude of the alternating current Isw.
- the amplitude of the alternating current Isw can be set to 0 A by setting the alternating current Isw and the alternating current having the opposite phase to the same amplitude.
- the controller 20 further controls the bidirectional converter 14 so that the load current IL becomes the reference current ILr, as indicated by an arrow A3 in the drawing. According to this, the AC current Icnv output from the bidirectional converter 14 is supplied to the AC switch SW and also to the load 2 . Therefore, a stable load current IL can be supplied to the load 2 during the period in which the AC switch SW is switched from ON to OFF.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a portion of the control device 20 related to control of the bidirectional converter 14 and the AC switch SW. As shown in FIG. 5 , control device 20 has detection section 22 , converter control section 24 , and switch control section 26 .
- the circuit breaker 5 starts opening the mechanical switch in response to an opening command given from a host controller (not shown). As a result, several tens of milliseconds after the circuit breaker 5 receives the opening command, the circuit breaker 5 is opened, and a power failure of the AC power supply 1 occurs.
- the detection unit 22 is configured to detect an opening command to the circuit breaker 5 .
- the detection unit 22 can detect an opening command to the circuit breaker 5 by receiving an opening command output by a host controller.
- detection unit 22 Upon detecting the open command, detection unit 22 outputs detection signal DET activated to H level to converter control unit 24 .
- detection unit 22 outputs detection signal DET of L level to converter control unit 24 .
- Converter control unit 24 detects AC current Isw detected by current detector 15, load current IL detected by current detector 17, terminal voltage VB of battery 3 detected by voltage detector 19, voltage detector 18
- a control signal (PWM signal) for controlling the bidirectional converter 14 is generated based on the AC voltage VO or the like detected by .
- current command value Icnv1 By setting the current command value Icnv1 to have the same phase as the alternating current Isw, the current flowing in the direction from the output terminal T2 to the input terminal T1 (corresponding to the direction of the arrow A2 in FIG. 4) is The phase is reversed.
- Converter control unit 24 generates a sinusoidal voltage command value VO* based on current command value Icnv*, and generates a control signal (PWM signal) based on the generated voltage command value VO*.
- the converter control section 24 puts the bi-directional converter 14 into a standby state in which it can be activated instantaneously. Then, when detection signal DET is activated from L level to H level, that is, when an opening command to circuit breaker 5 is detected, converter control unit 24 outputs the generated control signal (PWM signal) in both directions. By outputting to the converter 14, the bi-directional converter 14 is activated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, alternating current Icnv having a value corresponding to current command value Icnv* is output from bidirectional converter 14 . The AC current Icnv output from the bidirectional converter 14 is supplied to the AC switch SW and the load 2 .
- the alternating current supplied to the alternating current switch SW has a phase opposite to that of the alternating current Isw when viewed from the alternating current switch SW. Therefore, the amplitude of the alternating current Isw can be set to 0A.
- the switch control unit 26 controls on/off of each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12 based on the AC current Isw detected by the current detector 15 and the AC voltage VI detected by the voltage detector 16 . Specifically, the switch control unit 26 turns on each AC switch SW when the AC voltage VI is higher than the lower limit voltage. When the AC voltage VI drops below the lower limit voltage, the switch control unit 26 turns off each AC switch SW on condition that the amplitude of the AC current Isw is 0A.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device 10 according to Embodiment 1, and is a diagram to be compared with FIG. FIG. 6 shows time waveforms representing the AC voltage VI, the AC current Isw flowing through each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12, the output current Icnv of the bidirectional converter 14, and the state of the AC switch SW.
- FIG. 6 it is assumed that an opening command to the circuit breaker 5 is detected at time t0.
- the opening operation of the circuit breaker 5 is started at time t1 after time t0.
- the period from time t0 to t1 is used in circuit breaker 5 to determine whether the input signal is an opening command or noise.
- the amplitude of AC voltage VI decreases as circuit breaker 5 opens.
- controller 20 causes AC switch SW to pass an AC current having a phase opposite to that of AC current Isw flowing through AC switch SW, and adjusts load current IL to reference current ILr. and controls the bi-directional converter 14 . Therefore, after time t0, the amplitude of output current Icnv of bidirectional converter 14 increases.
- the AC current Isw and the opposite-phase AC current supplied from the bidirectional converter 14 cancel each other out, so that the amplitude of the AC current Isw gradually decreases and finally becomes 0 A. .
- a part of the output current Icnv of the bidirectional converter 14 is supplied to the load 2 .
- the control device 20 determines that the AC voltage VI is not normally supplied, and turns off each AC switch SW.
- the control device 20 outputs an L level gate signal G to the semiconductor switch 13 of each AC switch SW.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining control processing in the power supply device 10 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. The control processing of each step shown in FIG. 7 can be realized by the control device 20 executing a pre-stored program.
- the control device 20 determines whether or not an opening command to the circuit breaker 5 has been detected in step (hereinafter also simply referred to as "S") 01. For example, when an opening command is received from the host controller, S01 is determined as YES, and otherwise, as NO.
- control device 20 When a command to open the circuit breaker 5 is detected (YES in S01), the control device 20 causes the alternating current Isw to flow through the alternating current switch SW in step S02.
- the bidirectional converter 14 is controlled so that the current IL becomes the reference current ILr.
- control device 20 generates current command value Icnv* for output current Icnv of bidirectional converter 14 based on alternating current Isw, load current IL and reference current ILr.
- Control device 20 generates a voltage command value VO* based on current command value Icnv*, and generates a control signal (PWM signal) for bidirectional converter 14 based on the generated voltage command value VO*.
- the control device 20 determines whether or not the amplitude of the alternating current Isw flowing through the alternating current switch SW is 0A based on the value detected by the current detector 15. If the amplitude of the AC current Isw is 0 A (YES in S03), the control device 20 proceeds to S04 and determines whether the AC voltage VI is less than the lower limit voltage based on the detection value of the voltage detector 16. determine whether or not If the amplitude of AC current Isw is not 0 A (NO determination in S03) or AC voltage VI is equal to or higher than the lower limit voltage (NO determination in S04), the process of S02 is executed.
- the control device 20 turns off each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12 in S05. A power failure of the AC power supply 1 occurs by turning off each AC switch SW.
- control device 20 controls the bidirectional converter 14 based on the AC voltage VO and the load current IL so that the AC voltage VO becomes the reference voltage VOr.
- the bidirectional converter 14 converts the DC power of the battery 3 into AC power and supplies the AC power to the load 2 .
- Control device 20 stops operation of bidirectional converter 14 when voltage VB between terminals of battery 3 decreases and reaches the lower limit voltage.
- the control device A reference numeral 20 supplies an alternating current, which is opposite in phase to the alternating current Isw flowing through the alternating current switch SW connected between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2, to the alternating current switch SW so that the load current IL becomes the reference current ILr. and controls the bi-directional converter 14 .
- the control device A reference numeral 20 supplies an alternating current, which is opposite in phase to the alternating current Isw flowing through the alternating current switch SW connected between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2, to the alternating current switch SW so that the load current IL becomes the reference current ILr. and controls the bi-directional converter 14 .
- Embodiment 2 In the first embodiment described above, a configuration example in which control device 20 detects opening of circuit breaker 5 by detecting an opening command to circuit breaker 5 has been described. On the other hand, when a short-circuit accident or the like occurs in the power system, the circuit breaker 5 autonomously opens without depending on an opening command from the host controller. Embodiment 2 will explain a configuration example for detecting the opening of the circuit breaker 5 when the circuit breaker 5 opens autonomously. Note that the configuration of the power supply device according to Embodiment 2 is the same as the configuration of power supply device 10 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 8 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the opening operation of the circuit breaker 5.
- FIG. FIG. 8 shows waveforms of three-phase AC currents (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, and W-phase current Iw) supplied from the AC power supply 1 to the input terminal T1.
- the W-phase current Iw first becomes 0 A and is cut off at time ta (see region RGN1). Since the W-phase current Iw is interrupted, the U-phase current Iu and the V-phase current Iv are opposite in phase to each other. At time tb after time ta, both U-phase current Iu and V-phase current Iv become 0A. Note that the time from time ta to time tb is approximately several milliseconds.
- control device 20 detects alternating current Isw (three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, Iw) detected by current detector 15 based on the characteristics of the opening operation described above. to detect the opening of the circuit breaker 5.
- control device 20 sets the current value to 0 A in any one of the three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw detected by the current detector 15 for a predetermined threshold time. It is determined whether or not it continues beyond Note that the threshold time is set to a time shorter than the time from time ta to time tb.
- the control device 20 measures the time during which the current value remains at 0A. When the measured time exceeds the threshold time, the control device 20 detects opening of the circuit breaker 5 .
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the power supply device 10 according to Embodiment 2, and is a diagram to be compared with FIG. FIG. 9 shows time waveforms representing the AC voltage VI, the AC current Isw flowing through each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12, the output current Icnv of the bidirectional converter 14, and the state of the AC switch SW.
- FIG. 9 it is assumed that the circuit breaker 5 is opened at time t0 in response to the occurrence of a short-circuit accident in the power system.
- one of the three-phase AC currents Iu, Iv, and Iw supplied from the AC power supply 1 first becomes 0 A, followed by the remaining two currents Iu, Iv, and Iw.
- One alternating current becomes 0A.
- the amplitude of AC voltage VI decreases as circuit breaker 5 opens.
- the control device 20 Based on the alternating current Isw detected by the current detector 15, the control device 20 predetermines a state in which the current value is 0 A in any one of the three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw. It is determined whether or not it continues beyond the threshold time. In the example of FIG. 9, when the amplitude of the alternating current of any one phase becomes 0 A at a time after time t0, the control device 20 measures the time during which the current value maintains 0 A. . When the measured time exceeds the threshold time (time t1), control device 20 detects opening of circuit breaker 5 .
- control device 20 follows the same procedure as in the first embodiment to cause alternating current Isw flowing through alternating current switch SW to flow through alternating current switch SW, the alternating current being in phase opposite to that flowing through alternating current switch SW.
- the bidirectional converter 14 is controlled so that the current IL becomes the reference current ILr. Therefore, after time t1, the amplitude of output current Icnv of bidirectional converter 14 increases.
- the AC current Isw and the opposite-phase AC current supplied from the bidirectional converter 14 cancel each other out, so that the amplitude of the AC current Isw gradually decreases and finally becomes 0 A. .
- a part of the output current Icnv of the bidirectional converter 14 is supplied to the load 2 .
- the control device 20 determines that the AC voltage VI is not normally supplied, and turns off each AC switch SW.
- the control device 20 outputs an L level gate signal G to the semiconductor switch 13 of each AC switch SW.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining control processing in the power supply device 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by adding the processing of S01A to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- control device 20 controls any one of three-phase alternating currents Iu, Iv, and Iw based on alternating current Isw detected by current detector 15 so that the current value is 0 A. It is determined whether or not this state continues beyond the threshold time. If the state in which the current value of any one phase of alternating current is 0 A continues beyond the threshold time, S01A is determined as YES, and otherwise, as NO.
- control device 20 executes the same processing from S02 onward as in FIG. That is, control device 20 causes alternating current having a phase opposite to alternating current Isw to flow through alternating current switch SW, and controls bidirectional converter 14 so that load current IL becomes reference current ILr (S02). Then, when the amplitude of the alternating current Isw flowing through the AC switch SW is 0 A (when determined YES in S03), and when the AC voltage VI is less than the lower limit voltage (when determined YES in S04), the control device 20 turns off each AC switch SW of the switch circuit 12 by S05. A power failure of the AC power supply 1 occurs by turning off each AC switch SW.
- the circuit breaker 5 is controlled based on the waveform of the alternating current Isw flowing through the alternating current switch SW connected between the input terminal T1 and the output terminal T2. Since opening can be detected, the same effects as in the above-described first embodiment can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る電源装置の概略構成を示す図である。
交流電源1の正常時には、スイッチ回路12の各交流スイッチSWがオンされ、交流電源1からスイッチ回路12を介して負荷2に交流電力が供給され、負荷2が駆動される。また、交流電源1からスイッチ回路12を介して双方向コンバータ14に交流電力が供給され、その交流電力が直流電力に変換されてバッテリ3に蓄えられる。このとき、制御装置20は、バッテリ3の端子間電圧VBが参照電圧VBrになるように双方向コンバータ14を制御する。
図4に示すように、交流スイッチSWがオンされている場合には、交流電源1から交流スイッチSWを介して負荷2に交流電力が供給される。なお、双方向コンバータ14は運転を停止している。この場合、図中に矢印A1で示すように、交流電源1から供給される交流電流は、交流スイッチSWを流れて負荷2に供給される。すなわち、交流スイッチSWに流れる交流電流Iswは負荷電流ILと等しくなる。
上述した実施の形態1では、制御装置20は、遮断器5への開放指令を検知することによって遮断器5の開放を検知する構成例について説明した。その一方で、電力系統での短絡事故等の発生時には、遮断器5は、上位コントローラからの開放指令に依らずに自律的に開放する。実施の形態2では、遮断器5が自律的に開放する場合に遮断器5の開放を検知するための構成例について説明する。なお、実施の形態2に係る電源装置の構成は、図1に示した実施の形態1に係る電源装置10の構成と同じであるため、その説明を省略する。
Claims (5)
- 遮断器を介して交流電源に接続される第1端子と、
負荷に接続される第2端子と、
前記第1端子と前記第2端子との間に互いに並列接続される半導体スイッチおよびスナバ回路を有する交流スイッチと、
電力貯蔵装置と前記第2端子との間に接続され、前記電力貯蔵装置の直流電力を交流電力に変換して前記第2端子に出力する電力変換器と、
前記交流スイッチに流れる電流を検出する電流検出器と、
前記第1端子に入力される交流電圧を検出する電圧検出器と、
前記電圧検出器の検出値に基づいて、前記交流スイッチおよび前記電力変換器を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記交流電源の正常時には、前記半導体スイッチをオンさせて、前記交流電源から供給される交流電力を前記交流スイッチを介して前記負荷に供給し、
前記制御装置は、さらに、前記遮断器の開放が検知された場合には、
前記電流検出器により検出される電流とは逆位相の電流が前記半導体スイッチに流れるとともに、前記負荷に交流電力が供給されるように前記電力変換器を制御し、かつ、
前記電流検出器の検出値の振幅が0であるときに前記半導体スイッチをオフさせる、電源装置。 - 前記遮断器は、機械式スイッチを有しており、前記遮断器の外部から与えられる開放指令に応答して前記機械式スイッチの開放動作を実行するように構成され、
前記制御装置は、前遮断器への前記開放指令が検知されたことに基づいて、前記遮断器の開放を検知する、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記交流電源は、三相交流電源であり、
前記電流検出器は、前記交流スイッチに流れる三相交流電流を検出し、
前記制御装置は、前記電流検出器により検出される前記三相交流電流のうちのいずれか一相の交流電流が0になる状態が予め定められた所定時間継続したことに基づいて、前記遮断器の開放を検知する、請求項1に記載の電源装置。 - 前記遮断器は、機械式スイッチを有しており、前記交流電源を有する電力系統の事故発生時に前記機械式スイッチの開放動作を実行するように構成される、請求項3に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記半導体スイッチをオフさせるとともに、前記電力貯蔵装置の直流電力を交流電力に変換して前記負荷に供給するように前記電力変換器を制御する、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
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US18/002,906 US20230352253A1 (en) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | Power supply device |
KR1020237000253A KR20230019957A (ko) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | 전원 장치 |
CN202180043023.9A CN115943539A (zh) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | 电源装置 |
PCT/JP2021/018383 WO2022239225A1 (ja) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | 電源装置 |
JP2021557254A JP7052159B1 (ja) | 2021-05-14 | 2021-05-14 | 電源装置 |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH08149813A (ja) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 電源装置 |
JP2003164166A (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 電力変換装置 |
JP2005287125A (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 無停電電源装置、及び停電補償システム |
JP2020061922A (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-04-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 充電器 |
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JP2009136099A (ja) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Sanken Electric Co Ltd | 電力供給装置及びこれに使用可能な振幅及び位相判定回路装置 |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH08149813A (ja) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 電源装置 |
JP2003164166A (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-06-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 電力変換装置 |
JP2005287125A (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 無停電電源装置、及び停電補償システム |
JP2020061922A (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-04-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 充電器 |
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