WO2022237828A1 - 一种电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质 - Google Patents
一种电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022237828A1 WO2022237828A1 PCT/CN2022/092161 CN2022092161W WO2022237828A1 WO 2022237828 A1 WO2022237828 A1 WO 2022237828A1 CN 2022092161 W CN2022092161 W CN 2022092161W WO 2022237828 A1 WO2022237828 A1 WO 2022237828A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P21/18—Estimation of position or speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/12—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation pulsing by guiding the flux vector, current vector or voltage vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. for direct torque control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the means for detecting the position of the rotor
- H02P2203/03—Determination of the rotor position, e.g. initial rotor position, during standstill or low speed operation
Definitions
- the carrier ratio and sampling ratio of the motor control system are usually insufficient (generally below 20).
- the scheme of the complex vector current controller involved in the continuous time domain is usually adopted.
- the adoption of this scheme makes it difficult for the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor current control scheme to effectively control the current.
- the embodiment of the present application expects to provide a motor control method, control system, and storage medium to solve the problem that the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the related art is difficult to effectively control the current under the condition of low carrier ratio and low sampling ratio, resulting in motor failure. Problems with the control system not functioning.
- the voltage vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor is sequentially subjected to Park inverse transformation, SVPWM modulation to obtain a PWM pulse wave, and the PWM pulse wave is input to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor.
- a control system, the input end of the control system and the output end of the control system are respectively connected to the input end of the motor, comprising:
- the transformation part is configured to sequentially perform Clark transformation and Park transformation on the input three-phase input current of the motor to obtain a feedback current vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor;
- the control part is configured to sequentially perform Park inverse transformation on the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, SVPWM modulation to obtain PWM pulses, and input the PWM pulses to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor.
- a storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the motor control method described above.
- the motor control method, control system, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application perform Clark transformation and Park transformation on the three-phase input current of the input motor in sequence to obtain the feedback current vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor.
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system is determined as Carry out Park inverse transformation in turn, space vector pulse modulation (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, SVPWM) modulation to obtain pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) pulse wave, and input the PWM pulse wave to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor as Control the motor; that is, after obtaining the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, decoupling the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the input command
- Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a current controller in the related art
- FIG. 2a is a sequence diagram of a single update in the related art
- Fig. 2b is a double update sequence diagram in the related art
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of an optional motor control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an example of an optional current control method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of another optional control system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an optional control system provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- the carrier-to-carrier ratio and sampling ratio of the control system are usually insufficient (below 20). Under this condition, it is difficult for the traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor current control scheme to effectively control the current.
- the dq-axis coupling effect prevents the dq-axis current from being independently controlled, and on the other hand, the bandwidth of the current loop is severely limited, making the current response slow.
- the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control scheme needs to maintain a higher carrier ratio (f c /f 0 ) and sampling ratio (f s /f 0 ), where f c is the carrier frequency and f s is the current Sampling frequency, f 0 is the fundamental frequency of the motor, however, in some special occasions, for example, in high-speed motor applications, the fundamental frequency (f 0 ) of the motor may exceed 1kHz, while the carrier frequency (f c ) and current sampling frequency (f s ) is generally between 10kHz and 20kHz.
- the carrier frequency (f c ) and current sampling frequency (f s ) are limited by switching losses, and the maximum can only be set to 1kHz to 2kHz.
- the motor carrier ratio (f c /f 0 ) and sampling ratio (f s /f 0 ) are limited below 20, or even below 10. This extreme situation puts higher requirements on the current controller.
- the traditional current control scheme will produce serious dq axis coupling under the condition of low carrier ratio and low sampling ratio, which will reduce the current response speed and affect the performance of the control system. , and even make the control system unstable.
- Figure 2a is a single update sequence diagram in the related art.
- the current sampling is triggered at the valley or peak of the triangular carrier wave (take the valley trigger as an example in Figure 2a), and after a period of calculation, the PWM is loaded at the peak or valley of the next cycle. modulation wave.
- Figure 2b is a double update sequence diagram in the related art. In the double update sequence of Figure 2b, current sampling is triggered at the peak or valley of the triangular carrier at the same time, and the PWM modulation wave is loaded at the next peak or valley after a period of calculation. . In the above two timing sequences, there will be a delay of one sampling period between the kth current sampling and the kth voltage update.
- the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system may have the following problems: severe dq axis coupling and reduced current loop bandwidth.
- the dq-axis coupling will increase with the increase of the motor speed.
- the dq-axis coupling will be further enhanced, so that the dq-axis current cannot be controlled independently, which increases the difficulty of control; at low carrier ratio
- the current loop control bandwidth will be limited. In occasions that require high dynamic performance, such as the acceleration process of high-speed motor startup, reducing the current loop bandwidth will not be able to meet the needs of dynamic performance and affect the control performance.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an optional motor control method provided in the embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 3, the method may include:
- S302 Perform decoupling processing on the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and determine the processed voltage as a voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system;
- the current control method designed by the continuous-time motor model is generally used to control the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- the current control method designed using the continuous-time motor model will lead to serious dq axis coupling and current loop bandwidth reduction, so, in the embodiment of this application, it is the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor
- the command current vector and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, and the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, so as to realize the command current in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor
- the current control of the vector and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system; where, the discrete-time motor model can generally be expressed by the following formula:
- the Park transformation is performed on the voltage vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor to obtain the voltage vector in the static ⁇ coordinate system, and then SVPWM modulation is performed on the voltage vector in the static ⁇ coordinate system, The PWM pulse wave is obtained, and the PWM pulse wave is input to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor.
- the motor control method decouples the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and converts the processed voltage It is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system to realize the current control in the control system, and this method can enhance the decoupling control ability of the dq axis, thereby improving the control efficiency and control performance of the control system.
- S302 may include:
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, and the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the motor rotor dq coordinate system Voltage vector.
- the aforementioned acquisition of the rotor electrical angular velocity of the motor may be obtained by estimating the rotor electrical angular velocity through the rotor position estimation module in the control system, or by acquiring the rotor electrical angular velocity through a sensor, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application. .
- the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined according to the electrical angular velocity of the rotor, by determining The compensation value of the motor's back electromotive force vector is used to compensate the influence of the motor's back electromotive force on the motor, so as to offset the influence on the motor caused by the change of the back electromotive force in the motor.
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are solved Coupling processing, the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the voltage vector in the dq coordinate system of the motor rotor, so that in the current control, the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is added to the rotor
- the voltage vector under the dq coordinate system not only the decoupling control capability of the dq axis can be enhanced, but also the influence caused by the change of the back electromotive force in the motor can be offset.
- determine the compensation value of the back electromotive force of the motor including:
- the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined.
- the first control parameter needs to be calculated first, and the first control parameter is related to the rotor electrical angular velocity, the rotor electrical angle, the transformation parameters of the Park inverse transformation, the motor resistance, the motor The value of the synchronous inductance and the sampling period; after the first control parameter is determined, the compensation value of the motor's back electromotive force vector is determined according to the rotor electrical angular velocity, the first control parameter and the permanent magnet flux linkage of the motor.
- K e is the first control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angular velocity
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angle.
- the following formula is used to calculate the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor:
- ub is the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor
- ⁇ f is the flux linkage of the permanent magnet of the motor
- ⁇ e is the electrical angular velocity of the rotor.
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system is decoupled, and the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, including:
- the command current vector under the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the feedback current vector under the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled to obtain the processed voltage
- the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- the decoupling factor is obtained first.
- the above-mentioned decoupling factor may be pre-stored in the control system, or calculated according to a preset formula. Not specifically limited.
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the feedback in the rotor dq coordinate system is decoupled to obtain the processed voltage, including:
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled to obtain the processed voltage.
- the second control parameter is a value related to the rotor electrical angular velocity, motor resistance, motor synchronous inductance, and the sampling period of the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, it can be based on the rotor electrical angular velocity, motor resistance, motor Synchronous inductance, the sampling period of the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, to calculate the second control parameter, compared with the second control parameter, the third control parameter is in addition to the rotor electrical angular velocity, motor resistance, motor synchronous inductance, sampling In addition to the cycle, it is also related to the transformation parameters of the Park inverse transformation.
- the third control parameter when determining the third control parameter, according to the rotor electrical angular velocity, the rotor electrical angle, the transformation parameters of the Park inverse transformation, the motor resistance, the synchronous inductance of the motor, and the sampling period , determine the third control parameter of the control system, and finally, obtain the decoupling factor according to the second control parameter, the third control parameter and the preset fourth control parameter, so that the input rotor dq coordinates can be adjusted according to the decoupling factor
- the command current vector in the system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled to obtain the processed voltage.
- the following formula is used to calculate the second control parameter:
- ⁇ is the second control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the electrical angular velocity of the rotor.
- K u is the third control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angular velocity
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angle.
- K u is the third control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angular velocity
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angle.
- uc is the processed voltage
- ⁇ is the second control parameter
- K u is the third control parameter
- ⁇ is the fourth control parameter
- z is the transformation operator of z transformation
- i dq is the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- ⁇ in the above formula is calculated by the above formula (4)
- Ku is calculated by the above formula (5)
- Ke is calculated by the above formula (2).
- Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an example of an optional current control method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of an example of another optional control system provided by the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Fig. 6 , compared with Fig. 4, the transformation parameter of the Park inverse transformation module 602a is Correspondingly, the first control parameter is calculated using the following formula:
- the first control parameter is calculated by using the above formula (6).
- Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of another optional control system provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 7, compared with Fig. 4, the transformation parameter of the Park inverse transformation module 702b is Correspondingly, the first control parameter is calculated using the following formula:
- the third control parameter is calculated by using the above formula (7).
- the dq-axis decoupling control capability is enhanced, and the bandwidth of the current loop is enhanced, so that the motor operates under the condition of low carrier ratio and low sampling ratio, and the control effect of the current controller is enhanced.
- the motor control method, control system, and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application perform Clark transformation and Park transformation on the three-phase input current of the input motor in sequence to obtain the feedback current vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor.
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system is determined as Carry out Park inverse transformation sequentially, SVPWM modulation to obtain PWM pulse wave, input the PWM pulse wave to the inverter, obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor; that is, after obtaining the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system,
- the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, and the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate
- an embodiment of the present application provides a control system, the input end of the control system and the output end of the control system are respectively connected to the input end of the motor, and Fig. 8 is a control system provided by the embodiment of the application
- the schematic structural diagram of an optional control system, as shown in FIG. 8 includes: a conversion part 81, a processing part 82 and a control part 83; wherein,
- the transformation part 81 is configured to sequentially perform Clark transformation and Park transformation on the three-phase input current of the input motor to obtain the feedback current vector in the dq coordinate system of the rotor;
- the processing part 82 is configured to decouple the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and determine the processed voltage as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system ;
- the control part 83 is configured to sequentially perform Park inverse transformation on the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, SVPWM modulation to obtain a PWM pulse wave, and input the PWM pulse wave to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor.
- control system is also used for:
- processing part 82 is specifically configured as:
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, and the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the motor rotor dq coordinate system Voltage vector.
- control system determines the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor according to the electrical angular velocity of the rotor, including:
- the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined.
- the control system uses the formula (2) to calculate the first control parameter:
- K e is the first control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angular velocity
- ⁇ e is the rotor electrical angle.
- ub is the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor
- ⁇ f is the flux linkage of the permanent magnet of the motor
- ⁇ e is the electrical angular velocity of the rotor.
- the processing part performs decoupling processing on the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and combines the processed voltage with the back electromotive force vector of the motor
- the sum of the compensation values is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, including:
- the command current vector under the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor and the feedback current vector under the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled to obtain the processed voltage
- the sum of the processed voltage and the compensation value of the back electromotive force vector of the motor is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- the processing part 82 performs decoupling processing on the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the motor and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system according to the obtained decoupling factor, and obtains the processed voltages, including:
- the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled to obtain the processed voltage.
- the processing part uses formula (4) to calculate the second control parameter:
- ⁇ is the second control parameter
- R is the motor resistance
- L is the synchronous inductance of the motor
- T S is the sampling period
- ⁇ e is the electrical angular velocity of the rotor.
- the processing part 82 calculates the third control parameter by formula (5):
- the processing part 82 uses formula (8) to calculate the processed voltage:
- uc is the processed voltage
- ⁇ is the second control parameter
- K u is the third control parameter
- ⁇ is the fourth control parameter
- z is the transformation operator of z transformation
- i dq is the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- the above-mentioned conversion part 81, processing part 82 and control part 83 can be realized by a processor located on the control system, specifically a central processing unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit), a microprocessor (MPU, Microprocessor Unit), Implementations such as digital signal processor (DSP, Digital Signal Processing) or field programmable gate array (FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array).
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- MPU Microprocessor Unit
- Implementations such as digital signal processor (DSP, Digital Signal Processing) or field programmable gate array (FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array).
- the embodiments of the present application provide a storage medium, the storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors. Control Method.
- the three-phase input current of the input motor is sequentially subjected to Clark transformation and Park transformation to obtain the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and to obtain the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor
- the command current vector and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, and the Park inverse transformation is performed on the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system in turn, SVPWM modulation to obtain PWM pulse wave, input the PWM pulse wave to the inverter to obtain the input voltage of the motor to control the motor; that is, after obtaining the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, the rotor dq coordinate system
- the feedback current vector and the input command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system are decoupled, and the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system.
- the obtained voltage in the rotor dq coordinate system is The vector eliminates the influence of the dq axis coupling and the bandwidth limitation of the current loop, thereby improving the control performance of the current, thereby improving the control efficiency and control performance of the motor, and ensuring the stable operation of the motor.
- the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
- a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage and optical storage, etc.
- These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
- the device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
- the control method of the motor provided in the embodiment of the present application, after obtaining the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, carries out the command current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system and the feedback current vector in the rotor dq coordinate system of the input motor Decoupling processing, the processed voltage is determined as the voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system, so that the obtained voltage vector in the rotor dq coordinate system eliminates the influence of dq axis coupling and the bandwidth limit of the current loop, thereby improving
- the current control performance improves the control efficiency and performance of the motor, and ensures the stable operation of the motor.
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Abstract
提供了一种电机的控制方法,包括:对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。还提供了一种控制系统和存储介质。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202110513535.9、申请日为2021年05月11日,发明名称为“一种电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质”的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
本申请涉及永磁同步电机的转子位置估计技术领域,尤其是涉及一种电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质。
目前,在高速电机应用或低开关频率的应用场合中,电机的控制系统的载波比和采样比通常不足(一般为20以下)。在此条件下,在相关技术中,通常采用连续时间域的所涉及的复矢量电流控制器的方案,然而,采用该方案,使得传统永磁同步电机电流控制方案很难对电流进行有效控制。
可见,传统永磁同步电机在低载波比低采样点的条件下很难对电流进行有效的控制,如此,导致电机的控制系统性能下降,效率降低,甚至出现无法运行的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例期望提供一种电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质,以解决相关技术中永磁同步电机在低载波比低采样比的条件下很难对电流进行有效控制的,导致电机的控制系统无法运行的问题。
本申请的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种电机的控制方法,所述方法应用于控制系统中,所述控制系统的输入端和控制下图的输出端分别连接至电机的输入端,所述方法包括:
对输入的所述电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;
对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;
对所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。
一种控制系统,所述控制系统的输入端和所述控制系统的输出端分别连接至电机的输入端,包括:
变换部分,配置为对输入的所述电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;
处理部分,配置为对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;
控制部分,配置为对所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲,将所述PWM脉冲输入至逆变器,得到所述电机的输入电压以控制电机。
一种存储介质,所述存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序,所述一个或者多个程序可被一个或者多个处理器执行,以实现上述所述的电机的控制方法。
本申请实施例所提供的电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质,对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,空间矢量脉冲调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)调制得到脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器, 得到电机的输入电压以控制电机;也就是说,通过在得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量之后,对转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量和输入的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量进行解耦合处理,并将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,这样,使得得到的转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量消除掉了dq轴耦合的影响和电流环的带宽限制,从而提高了对电流的控制性能,进而提高了对电机的控制效率和控制性能,保证了电机的稳定运行。
图1为相关技术中电流控制器的结构示意图;
图2a为相关技术中的单更新时序图;
图2b为相关技术中的双更新时序图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的电机的控制方法的流程示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的控制系统的实例的结构示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的电流控制方法的实例的流程示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种可选的控制系统的实例的结构示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的又一种可选的控制系统的实例的结构示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的控制系统的结构示意图。
为了更好地了解本申请的目的、结构及功能,下面结合附图,对本申请的一种电机的控制方法、控制系统做进一步详细的描述。
在对本申请所提供的电机的控制方法进行说明之前,首先对相关技术中的相关知识进行解释说明。
在高速电机应用或低开关频率的应用场合中,控制系统的载波比和采样比通常不足(20以下)。在此条件下,传统永磁同步电机电流控制方案很难对电流进行有效控制。一方面dq轴耦合效应使得dq轴电流无法得到独立控制,另一方面电流环带宽受到严重的限制使得电流响应变慢。
在相关技术中,控制系统中的电流控制器是在连续时间域上所设计的电流控制器,经过离散化,例如,欧拉法和双线性法得到数字控制器中需要的数字电流控制方程,图1为相关技术中电流控制器的结构示意图,如图1所示,电流控制器接收到转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量i
d
*和i
q
*,转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量i
d和i
q以及转子电角速度ω
e,经过电流控制器的处理,得到转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量u
d和u
q。然而,这类方法广泛应用于交流电机的电流控制中,在低载波比低采样比的条件下,该方法无法实现对dq轴的解耦控制,并且电流环带宽受到限制,这样使得电流控制难度增加,降低控制系统的控制性能,导致控制系统无法稳定运行。
现有的永磁同步电机矢量控制方案需要维持在较高的载波比(f
c/f
0)和采样比(f
s/f
0)条件下,其中,f
c为载波频率,f
s为电流采样频率、f
0为电机基频,但是,在一些特殊场合,例如,高速电机应用中,电机的基频(f
0)可能超过1kHz,而载波频率(f
c)和电流采样频率(f
s)一般在10kHz到20kHz之间。又如,在大功率永磁同步电机应用中,虽然电机基频不高(f
0=100Hz),但载波频率(f
c)和电流采样频率(f
s)受到开关损耗限制,最高只能设置到1kHz到2kHz。在以上两种场合,电机的载波比(f
c/f
0)和采样比(f
s/f
0)被限制在20以下,甚至低于10。此种极端情况对电流控制器提出较高的要求,传统电流控制方案在这种低载波比低采样比的条件下会产生严重的dq轴耦合,这样会降低电流响应速度,影响控制系统的性能,甚至使控制系统失稳。
具体来说,在低载波比低采样比条件下,每个电周期中的电流采样次数和电压更新次数较少,电流控制难度较大。此外,数字系统的延时问题在这种条件下会产生严重的负面影响。
图2a为相关技术中单更新时序图,电流采样在三角载波的波谷或者波峰处触发(图2a中以波谷触发为例),在经过一段时间的计算后在下一个周期的波峰或者波谷处加载PWM调制波。图2b为相关技术中双更新时序图,在图2b的双更新时序中,电流采样同时在三角载波的波峰或者波谷处触发,在经过一 段时间的计算后在下一个波峰或者波谷处加载PWM调制波。在以上两种时序中,在第k次电流采样到第k次电压更新之间会存在一个采样周期的延时。
受到以上所述的负面影响,在低载波比低采样比条件下,永磁同步电机控制系统可能会出现以下问题:严重的dq轴耦合和电流环带宽降低。
通常情况下dq轴耦合会随着电机转速增加而增加,此外,受到延时以及低采样比的影响,dq轴耦合会进一步增强,使得dq轴电流无法独立控制,增加控制难度;在低载波比低采样比条件下,电流环控制带宽会受到限制,在需要高动态性能的场合,比如高速电机启动加速过程,降低电流环带宽会无法满足动态性能的需要,影响控制性能。
因此,现有技术中存在传统电流控制器的方案在低载波比低采样比条件下控制性能下降的问题。
为了提高对控制系统的控制性能,本申请的实施例提供一种电机的控制方法,该方法应用于控制系统中,该控制系统的输入端和控制系统的输出端分别连接至电机的输入端,图3为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的电机的控制方法的流程示意图,参照图3所示,该方法可以包括:
S301:对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;
具体来说,控制系统的输入端和输出端均连接至电机的输入端,实现对电机三相输入电流的控制,这里,控制系统在对三相输入电流的控制中,在输入得到电机的三相输入电流之后,先对三相输入电流进行Clark变换,得到静止αβ坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,然后对静止αβ坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,而转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量为电流控制的输入。
S302:对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;
另外,针对永磁同步电机而言,一般采用连续时间的电机模型所设计的电 流控制方法来对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行电流控制,然而,采用连续时间的电机模型所设计的电流控制方法会导致严重的dq轴耦合和电流环带宽降低,所以,在本申请实施例中,是对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,这样来实现对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的电流控制;其中,离散时间的电机模型一般可以用如下公式表示:
i
dq[k+1]=Φi
dq[k]+Γ
uu
dq[k-1]+Γ
ee
dq[k] (1)
其中,i
dq[k]为第k次采样得到的转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,(i
dq[k]=i
d[k]+ji
q[k],i
d和i
q分别为d、q轴电流),u
dq[k]为第k次采样中转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量(u
dq[k]=u
d[k]+ju
q[k],u
d和u
q分别为d、q轴电压),e
dq[k]为第k次采样中转子dq坐标系下的反电动势矢量(e
dq[k]=jψ
fω
e,ψ
f为电机的永磁体磁链,ω
e为转子电角速度)。
需要指出的是,通过对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,可以消除电机复数极点和复数增益引起的耦合,并且实现对电机的无静差的调节,从而能够实现控制系统中的电流控制,提高了控制系统对电机的控制性能。
S303:对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。
在得到转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量之后,先对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量进行Park变换,得到静止αβ坐标系下的电压矢量,然后对静止αβ坐标系下的电压矢量进行SVPWM调制,得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。
也就是说,本申请实施例提供的电机的控制方法,通过对输入的电机的转 子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,以实现在控制系统中的电流控制,并且该方法能够增强dq轴的解耦合控制能力,从而提高控制系统的控制效率和控制性能。
进一步地,为了实现对转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的电流控制,在一种可选的实施例中,上述方法还包括:
获取电机的转子电角速度;
根据转子电角速度,确定电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值;
相应地,S302可以包括:
对转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为电机转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
具体来说,上述获取电机的转子电角速度可以是通过控制系统中的转子位置估计模块估计出转子电角速度,还可以是通过传感器获取到转子电角速度,这里,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在获取到转子电角速度之后,从离散时间的电机模型可以看出,电机的反电动势的变化会影响电机的运行,所以这里,根据转子电角速度来确定电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,通过确定出的电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值来补偿电机的反电动势对电机的影响,以此来抵消电机中反电动势的变化所导致的对电机的影响。
在确定出电机的反电动势的补偿值之后,为了抵消电机中反电动势的变化所引起的对电机的影响,对转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为电机转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,这样,在电流控制中,将电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值增加到转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量中,不但能够增强dq轴的解耦合控制能力,还能够抵消电机中反电动势的变化所引起的影响。
为了确定出电机的反电动势的补偿值,在一种可选的实施例中,根据转子 电角速度,确定电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,包括:
根据转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定控制系统的第一控制参数;
根据转子电角速度,第一控制参数和电机的永磁体磁链,确定出电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值。
具体来说,为了得到电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,需要先计算出第一控制参数,而第一控制参数是与转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感和采样周期有关的值;在确定出第一控制参数之后,再根据转子电角速度,第一控制参数和电机的永磁体磁链,确定出电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值。
其中,K
e为第一控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
进一步地,为了确定出电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,在一种可选的实施例中,采用如下公式计算得到电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值:
u
b=K
e·jψ
fω
e (3)
其中,u
b为电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,ψ
f为电机的永磁体磁链,ω
e为转子电角速度。
为了降低dq轴的耦合和抵消电机中反电动势矢量的变化所引起的影响,在一种可选的实施例中,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,包括:
按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压;
将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
具体来说,先获取解耦合的因子,这里,需要说明的是,上述解耦合的因子可以是预先存储在控制系统中的,也可以是根据预设公式计算出的,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
其中,根据解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,这样,得到的处理后的电压可以降低dq轴的耦合,将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,使得转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量不仅能够降低dq轴的耦合,而且能够抵消电机中反电动势的变化所引起的影响。
为了确定出合适的解耦合的因子,在一种可选的实施例中,按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压,包括:
根据转子电角速度,电机电阻,电机同步电感,转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定控制系统的第二控制参数;
根据转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感,采样周期,确定控制系统的第三控制参数;
根据第二控制参数,第三控制参数和预设的第四控制参数,得到解耦合的因子;
按照解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压。
具体来说,由于第二控制参数是与转子电角速度,电机电阻,电机同步电感,转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期有关的值,所以,可以根据转子电角速度,电机电阻,电机同步电感,转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,来计算出第二控制参数,与第二控制参数相比,第三控制参数除了与 转子电角速度,电机电阻,电机同步电感,采样周期有关之外,还与Park逆变换的变换参数有关,所以,在确定第三控制参数时,根据转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感,采样周期,确定控制系统的第三控制参数,最后,根据第二控制参数,第三控制参数以及预设的第四控制参数来求得解耦合的因子,以根据解耦合的因子对输入的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理来得到处理后的电压。
进一步地,为了确定出第二控制参数,在一种可选的实施例中,采用如下公式计算得到第二控制参数:
其中,Φ为第二控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度。
其中,K
u为第三控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
其中,K
u为第三控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
其中,K
u为第三控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
进一步地,为了确定出处理后的电压,在一种可选的实施例中,采用如下公式计算得到处理后的电压:
具体来说,对于离散时间的电机模型来说,若暂且忽略反电动势矢量项Γ
ee
dq[k],由于离散时间的电机模型的传递函数G
p可以表示如下:
解耦合的因子中的z-Φ项能够消除电机中的复数极点,以此消除电机的复数极点引起的耦合效应。z-1项能够实现对电机的无静差调节能力,γK
u为实数增益,决定电流环的控制带宽。K
u=1/Γ
u为复数增益,用以抵消电机中复数增益Γ
u引起的耦合影响。
下面举实例来对上述一个或多个实施例所述的电机的控制方法进行说明。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的控制系统的实例的结构示意图,如图4所示,对电机407的三相输入电流i
abc利用Clark变换模块406进行Clark变换,得到静止αβ坐标系下的反馈电流矢量i
αβ,利用Park变换模块405对i
αβ进行Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量i
dq,对i
dq和输入的
采用电流控制器401进行电流控制,其中,在上述电流控制器401中,在输入得到
和i
dq之后,采用下述公式计算得到u
dq:
其中,上述公式中的Φ由上述公式(4)计算得到,K
u由上述公式(5)计算得到,K
e由上述公式(2)计算得到。
在得到转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量u
dq,利用Park逆变换模块402对u
dq进行Park逆变换,得到静止αβ坐标系下的电压矢量u
αβ,利用SVPWM调制模块403对u
αβ进行SVPWM调制,得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的电流控制方法的实例的流程示意图,如图5所示,包括两个部分,分别为解耦电流控制器和反电动势前馈,在解耦电流控制器中,构造控制器的分子即控制器的零点Zero(z)=z-Φ,实现与电机极点的相互抵消,以消除电机复数极点引起的耦合项的影响,构造控制器的分母即控制器的极点Pole(z)=z-1,实现对电机的无静差调节能力,构造控制器的增益
以消除电机复数增益引起的耦合项影响,构造控制器的反电动势前馈Feedforward=K
e·jψ
fω
e,以消除电机中反电动势变化所引起的影响。
由于第一控制参数和第三控制参数是与Park逆变换的变换参数有关的值,图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种可选的控制系统的实例的结构示意图,如图6所示,与图4相比,Park逆变换模块602a的变换参数为
相应地,第一控制参数采用下述公式计算得到:
其中,第一控制参数采用上述公式(6)计算得到。
其中,第三控制参数采用上述公式(7)计算得到。
通过上述实例,增强了dq轴解耦合控制能力,增强了电流环的带宽,从而使得电机运行于低载波比低采样比的条件下增强了电流控制器的控制效果。
本申请实施例所提供的电机的控制方法、控制系统和存储介质,对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机;也就是说,通过在得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量之后,对转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量和输入的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量进行解耦合处理,并将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,这样,使得得到的转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量消除掉了dq轴耦合的影响和电流环的带宽限制,从而提高了对电流的控制性能,进而提高了对电机的控制效率和控制性能,保证了电机的稳定运行。
基于同一发明构思,本申请的实施例提供一种控制系统,所述控制系统的输入端和所述控制系统的输出端分别连接至电机的输入端,图8为本申请实施例提供的一种可选的控制系统的结构示意图,参照图8所示,包括:变换部分81,处理部分82和控制部分83;其中,
变换部分81,配置为对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;
处理部分82,配置为对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;
控制部分83,配置为对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换, SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机。
本申请其他实施例中,控制系统还用于:
获取电机的转子电角速度;
根据转子电角速度,确定电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值;
相应地,处理部分82具体配置为:
对转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为电机转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
本申请其他实施例中,控制系统根据转子电角速度,确定电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值中,包括:
根据转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定控制系统的第一控制参数;
根据所述转子电角速度,第一控制参数和电机的永磁体磁链,确定出电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值。
其中,K
e为第一控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
本申请其他实施例中,控制系统采用公式(3)计算得到电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值:
其中,u
b为电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,ψ
f为电机的永磁体磁链,ω
e为转子电角速度。
本申请其他实施例中,处理部分对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与 电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量中,包括:
按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压;
将处理后的电压与电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
本申请其他实施例中,处理部分82按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压中,包括:
根据转子电角速度,电机电阻,电机同步电感,转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定控制系统的第二控制参数;
根据转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感,采样周期,确定控制系统的第三控制参数;
根据第二控制参数,第三控制参数和预设的第四控制参数,得到解耦合的因子;
按照解耦合的因子对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压。
本申请其他实施例中,处理部分采用公式(4)计算得到第二控制参数:
其中,Φ为第二控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度。
其中,K
u为第三控制参数,R为电机电阻,L为电机同步电感,T
S为采样周期,ω
e为转子电角速度,θ
e为转子电角度。
本申请其他实施例中,处理部分82采用公式(8)计算得到处理后的电压:
在实际应用中,上述变换部分81、处理部分82和控制部分83可由位于控制系统上的处理器实现,具体为中央处理器(CPU,Central Processing Unit)、微处理器(MPU,Microprocessor Unit)、数字信号处理器(DSP,Digital Signal Processing)或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA,Field Programmable Gate Array)等实现。
基于前述实施例,本申请的实施例提供一种存储介质,该存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序,该一个或者多个程序可被一个或者多个处理器执行本申请实施例提供的电机的控制方法。
本申请实施例所提供的一种存储介质,对输入的电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,对转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到电机的输入电压以控制电机;也就是说,通过在得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量之后,对转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量和输入的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量进行解耦合处理,并将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,这样,使得得到的转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量消除掉了dq轴耦合的影响和电流环的带宽限制,从而提高了对电流的控制性能,进而提高了对电机的控制效率和控制性能,保证了电机的稳定运行。
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用硬件实施例、软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器和光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述,仅为本申请较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。
本申请实施例提供的电机的控制方法,通过在得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量之后,对输入的电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,使得得到的转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量消除掉了dq轴耦合的影响和电流环的带宽限制,从而提高了对电流的控制性能,进而提高了对电机的控制效率和控制性能,保证了电机的稳定运行。
Claims (12)
- 一种电机的控制方法,所述方法应用于控制系统中,所述控制系统的输入端和所述控制系统的输出端分别连接至电机的输入端,所述方法包括:对输入的所述电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量,所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;对所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将所述PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到所述电机的输入电压以控制电机。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法还包括:获取所述电机的转子电角速度;根据所述转子电角速度,确定所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值;相应地,所述对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,包括:对所述转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为所述电机转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述根据所述转子电角速度,确定所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,包括:根据所述转子电角速度,转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,电机电阻,电机同步电感和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定所述控制系统的第一控制参数;根据所述转子电角速度,所述第一控制参数和所述电机的永磁体磁链,确 定出所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值。
- 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中,采用如下公式计算得到所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值:u b=K e·jψ fω e其中,u b为所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值,ψ f为所述电机的永磁体磁链,ω e为所述转子电角速度。
- 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,所述对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压与所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量,包括:按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压;将处理后的电压与所述电机的反电动势矢量的补偿值之和确定为所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量。
- 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述按照获取到的解耦合的因子对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压,包括:根据所述转子电角速度,所述电机电阻,所述电机同步电感,所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量的采样周期,确定所述控制系统的第二控制参数;根据所述转子电角速度,所述转子电角度,Park逆变换的变换参数,所述电机电阻,所述电机同步电感,所述采样周期,确定所述控制系统的第三控制参数;根据所述第二控制参数,所述第三控制参数和预设的第四控制参数,得到所述解耦合的因子;按照所述解耦合的因子对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量和所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,得到处理后的电压。
- 一种控制系统,所述控制系统的输入端和所述控制系统的输出端分别 连接至电机的输入端,包括:变换部分,配置为对输入的所述电机的三相输入电流依次进行Clark变换和Park变换,得到转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量;处理部分,配置为对输入的所述电机的转子dq坐标系下的指令电流矢量,所述转子dq坐标系下的反馈电流矢量进行解耦合处理,将处理后的电压确定为转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量;控制部分,配置为对所述转子dq坐标系下的电压矢量依次进行Park逆变换,SVPWM调制得到PWM脉冲波,将所述PWM脉冲波输入至逆变器,得到所述电机的输入电压以控制电机。
- 一种存储介质,所述存储介质存储有一个或者多个程序,所述一个或者多个程序可被一个或者多个处理器执行,以实现如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电机的控制方法。
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