WO2022237705A1 - 硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用 - Google Patents

硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022237705A1
WO2022237705A1 PCT/CN2022/091589 CN2022091589W WO2022237705A1 WO 2022237705 A1 WO2022237705 A1 WO 2022237705A1 CN 2022091589 W CN2022091589 W CN 2022091589W WO 2022237705 A1 WO2022237705 A1 WO 2022237705A1
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Prior art keywords
impurity removal
solid waste
removal method
silicate
melt
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PCT/CN2022/091589
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邓腾飞
郭才胜
陈伟
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武汉理工大学
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Priority to JP2023500274A priority Critical patent/JP7492794B2/ja
Priority to US18/008,557 priority patent/US20230211392A1/en
Priority to EP22806671.8A priority patent/EP4338858A1/en
Publication of WO2022237705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022237705A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
    • B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
    • C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
    • C04B33/1322—Red mud
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for removing impurities from silicate solid waste and its application.
  • Coal gangue, red mud, fly ash, steel slag, tailings and other bulk silicate solid wastes are extremely large and difficult to handle. Generally, it is preserved by landfill and stockpiling, which not only occupies land resources, but also causes great pollution to the environment. The stockyard is prone to dam breaks and collapse accidents, and it also poses a threat to the safety of people's lives and properties.
  • the main substances in these solid wastes are Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO, etc., which are the main raw materials for the production of high value-added materials such as ceramics, glass-ceramics, and cement. Therefore, it is very necessary to treat these solid wastes and turn them into treasures.
  • Chinese invention patent CN112570127A discloses a production line for removing iron in vanadium slag. The recovery of vanadium pentoxide and the removal of magnetic iron in vanadium slag are realized through crushing device, dust collecting device and magnetic separation device.
  • Chinese invention patent CN104404260A discloses a method for separating valuable metals from steel slag. The steel slag is mixed with binder, additive, and reducing agent to make pellets, and then reduced and roasted to obtain the flue gas containing zinc oxide and lead oxide, as well as the mixture of tailings and iron powder, and the iron powder and tailings are separated by magnetic separation .
  • Chinese invention patent CN107447113A discloses a method for separating iron and aluminum from red mud and/or iron-containing solid waste.
  • Red mud and/or iron-containing solid waste are subjected to acid leaching and reduction treatment to obtain residue and reducing solution, and the pH of the reducing solution is sequentially adjusted to the precipitation pH range of trivalent aluminum ions and ferrous ions to separate aluminum and iron.
  • carbon mixed solid waste roasting combined with magnetic separation is used to separate iron oxides and other impurities in solid waste.
  • This process usually involves crushing solid waste into powder and fully mixing it with carbon powder. Carry out long-term roasting (up to 2-20h) to achieve the removal of impurities in solid waste. This process requires a long roasting time, and the reduced mainstream impurity elements are easy to be oxidized again in the air atmosphere. If the carbon powder and solid waste cannot be fully mixed, some oxides cannot be reduced, resulting in solid waste after impurity removal. The main impurity content is too high.
  • the present application provides a method for removing impurities from silicate solid waste and its application, which can effectively reduce the content of main impurities in solid waste after removal.
  • the main impurities in silicate solid waste are mainly Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, P2O5 or other metal oxides.
  • the removal of iron oxide impurities is the biggest bottleneck that determines the effect of impurity removal.
  • the present inventor has abandoned the thinking of removing impurities in the prior art. Surprisingly, it has been found that after the silicate solid waste reduction reaction is controlled at the temperature at which the silicate solid waste becomes a molten state, the reduction reaction in this state can evaporate a part of the main impurities, and the non-evaporated
  • the impurity components will be physically stratified to form an upper component and a lower component.
  • the lower component is mainly iron simple substance reduced by iron oxide, which is easier to be separated. More importantly, since the lower layer of iron is isolated from the outside world by the upper layer components, the possibility of it being oxidized again is reduced; and because the lower layer components can be easily separated, it also avoids staying in the system for a long time Increased likelihood of re-oxidation. Then, the residual iron oxide in the upper component is successively removed by magnetic phase induced crystallization and magnetic separation, thereby improving the removal effect of the main impurities. Based on this, the present application was created.
  • the application provides a method for removing impurities of silicate solid waste, which is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
  • Silicate solid waste in this application refers to solid waste containing silicate components (here, silicate components include aluminosilicate, magnesium silicate, etc.), including but not limited to coal gangue, red mud , fly ash, steel slag, tailings and other aluminosilicates.
  • the form of the reduction reaction in the present application can adopt any form of prior art, for example, a reducing atmosphere, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. can be used or a solid-phase reducing agent can be used.
  • the reducing agent in this application may be graphite (in the form of a container), that is, the melt is contained in a graphite container, such as a graphite crucible.
  • a graphite container such as a graphite crucible.
  • the graphite in the graphite container can also consume the oxygen in the reaction system at the same time, so that the reaction system is an oxygen-free environment.
  • the carbon monoxide gas produced by consuming oxygen can also be used as a reducing agent for reducing the melt.
  • the elemental iron obtained by the reduction reaction due to its high density, can form the lower component in the entire melt reaction system, and the lower component can be easily separated and transferred out of the melt system, so that the iron element will not stay in the system which increases the possibility of oxidation.
  • the aforementioned graphite material container can also facilitate the transfer of the lower layer component and the upper layer component formed by the melt.
  • the reduction reaction time can be 2-5 minutes, such as 2 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 4.5 minutes, 5 minutes and so on.
  • the heating and melting temperature can be 1400 ⁇ 1600°C, such as 1400°C, 1410°C, 1450°C, 1480°C, 1500°C, 1520°C, 1550°C, 1580°C, 1500°C, etc. .
  • gradient heating can be used, for example, it can be in the range of 5-10 min to raise the temperature to the predetermined temperature.
  • the heating equipment for heating and melting is an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, because the heating speed of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is relatively fast.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is equipped with a graphite lining for accommodating the silicate solid waste to be treated.
  • the graphite lining can generate eddy currents in the magnetic field to rapidly heat the container; at the same time, as a container, it can react with oxygen in the air to generate carbon monoxide and release heat, so that the overall heating efficiency will be very fast.
  • Carbon monoxide gas can be used as a reducing agent to reduce valuable metals in inorganic solid waste.
  • Magnetic field-induced crystallization means that under the action of a magnetic field, during the annealing process, the ferromagnetic phase (ie, iron oxide) in the melt will be preferentially precipitated.
  • the solid phase formed by magnetic field-induced crystallization contains non-ferromagnetic phase components and ferromagnetic phase components, and the ferromagnetic phase components can be removed by subsequent magnetic separation to achieve the separation purpose.
  • the temperature of magnetic phase induced crystallization is 850 ⁇ 950°C, such as 850°C, 860°C, 880°C, 900°C, 920°C, 940°C, 950°C, etc.;
  • the magnetic field strength of the crystal is 0.1 ⁇ 10T, such as 0.1 T, 0.5 T, 1 T, 2 T, 4 T, 5T, 8 T, 9 T, 10 T, etc.
  • magnetic field induced crystallization includes temperature drop during annealing.
  • the temperature drop is preferably 0.5-1°C/min, such as 0.5°C/min, 0.55°C/min, 0.6°C/min, 0.7°C/min, 0.8°C/min, 0.9°C/min, 1°C/min, etc.
  • Magnetic separation refers to the process of separating ferromagnetic phase components in solids containing ferromagnetic phase components by magnetic field selection.
  • the particle size of magnetic separation is less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the strength of the applied magnetic field is 70-100 KA/m.
  • the pretreatment of the present application before the step (A) may also include:
  • the block can avoid the rapid expansion of the gas in the accumulated powder caused by the extremely fast electromagnetic induction heating speed when the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is used for heating, which may increase the risk of "bumping" of the powder.
  • the present application provides the application of the above impurity removal method, and the impurity removal solid waste obtained by the impurity removal method is used as a raw material to produce silicate products.
  • silicate products include but are not limited to glass, ceramics and the like.
  • Step 1 Crushing the gangue of the above components, ball milling for 2 h, and the ball milling speed is 500 r/min.
  • the powder was pressed into discs with a tablet press, with a pressure of 15 Mpa, a holding time of 1 min, a disc diameter of 20 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm.
  • Step 2 Put the bulk raw material into the graphite crucible, the graphite crucible The inner diameter is 34 mm and the outer diameter is 46 mm. Put the graphite crucible into the refractory sleeve, and then put them together into the electromagnetic induction coil. The diameter of the electromagnetic induction coil is 10 mm, and there is cooling water inside. After passing through the cooling water, turn on the electromagnetic induction heating furnace,
  • Step 3 Control the temperature in the magnetic field-induced crystallization furnace to 900°C and the magnetic field strength to 5T, transfer the upper melt to the magnetic field-induced crystallization furnace, control the cooling rate to 0.5°C/min, and cool the melt to room temperature.
  • Step 4 After the cooled melt is crushed, the particle size is lower than 75 ⁇ m, and the magnetic separation is completed by passing through a magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 80 KA/m. Analyze the solids after removal of impurities.
  • Step 1 After crushing coal gangue, fly ash and steel slag, mix them with 40% steel slag, 23.5% coal gangue and 36.5% fly ash. Put it into a ball mill and mill it for 2 h at a speed of 500 r/min. The powder was pressed into discs with a tablet press, with a pressure of 15 MPa, a holding time of 1 min, a disc diameter of 20 mm, and a height of 10 mm. The components of coal gangue, fly ash, steel slag and mixture are shown in Table 3.
  • Step 2 Put the bulk raw material into the graphite crucible, the inner diameter of the graphite crucible is 34 mm, the outer diameter is 46 mm, put the graphite crucible into the refractory sleeve, and put them together into the electromagnetic induction coil, the diameter of the electromagnetic induction coil is 10 mm mm, with cooling water inside. After passing through the cooling water, turn on the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, the frequency of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace is 40 KHZ, change the current to 30 A for 1-5 minutes, and 35 A for 5-10 minutes, and the reactant starts to melt in 10 minutes , the temperature at this time is about 1500 °C. After 15 min of reaction, the upper melt was transferred.
  • Step 3 Control the temperature in the magnetic field-induced crystallization furnace to 900°C and the magnetic field strength to 5T, transfer the upper melt to the magnetic field-induced crystallization furnace, control the cooling rate to 0.5°C/min, and cool the melt to room temperature.
  • Step 4 After the cooled melt is crushed, the particle size is lower than 75 ⁇ m, and the magnetic separation is completed by passing through a magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 80 KA/m. Analyze the solids after removal of impurities.
  • the iron content in solid waste was reduced from 12.58% to 0.49%, and the recovery rate reached 96.10%.
  • the P 2 O 5 content in solid waste was reduced from 0.96% to 0.02%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用。该除杂方法包括以下步骤：(A)将待处理的硅酸盐固废加热熔融形成熔体，并使该熔体在还原反应过程中发生分层；(B)将分层得到的上层熔体组分进行磁相诱导析晶，得到铁磁相固体；(C)将铁磁相固体进行磁选，所得剩余相即为除杂后固废。该除杂方法能够有效降低除杂后固废的主杂质含量，除杂后固废作为原料可以直接用于绝缘陶瓷、微晶玻璃等高附加值材料的制备。

Description

硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及固废处理的技术领域，尤其涉及硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用。
 背景技术
煤矸石、赤泥、粉煤灰、钢渣、尾矿等大宗硅酸盐固废产量极大，难以处理。一般通过填埋、堆场堆存的方式保存，不仅占用土地资源，而且对环境造成极大的污染，堆场易发生溃坝、垮塌事故，对人民生命财产安全也存在威胁。这些固废中的主要物质有Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO等，是生产陶瓷、微晶玻璃、水泥等高附加值材料的主要原料。因此，对这些固废进行处理，变废为宝十分有必要。但是这些固废中多含有Fe2O3、Na2O、K2O、P2O5 和一些重金属元素。若不将这些杂质元素进行分离，杂质元素的存在会对固废为原料所制备材料的性能产生极大影响，从而影响固废的有效利用与转化。科研工作者尝试了数种方法来分离固废中的杂质。
中国发明专利CN112570127A公布了一种去除钒渣中铁的生产线。通过破碎装置、收尘装置、以及磁选装置实现了五氧化二钒的回收以及钒渣中磁性铁的去除。中国发明专利CN104404260A公开了一种从钢渣中分离有价金属的方法。将钢渣与粘结剂、添加剂、还原剂混合造球后进行还原焙烧，获得含有氧化锌、氧化铅的烟气以及尾渣和铁粉的混合物，通过磁选的方式分离得到铁粉和尾渣。中国发明专利CN107447113A公开了一种从赤泥和/或含铁固废中分离铁和铝的方法。将赤泥和/或含铁固废进行酸浸和还原处理，得到残渣和还原液，依次调节还原液的pH为三价铝离子和二价铁离子的沉淀pH区间，分离出铝和铁。
以上现有技术中，采用碳混合固废焙烧结合磁选的方式来分离固废中的铁氧化物和其他杂质，这种工艺需要通常包含将固废破碎至粉末状，和碳粉充分混合后进行长时间焙烧（长达2-20h）等实现固废中杂质的祛除。这种工艺需要较长的焙烧时间，还原出的主流杂质元素易在空气气氛下二次氧化，碳粉和固废无法充分混合也会导致部分氧化物无法被还原，从而引起除杂后固废主杂质含量过高。
 技术解决方案
有鉴于此，本申请提供硅酸盐固废的除杂方法及其应用，能够有效降低除杂后固废的主杂质含量。
根据所属领域技术人员普遍的认知水平，硅酸盐固废中的主杂质主要是Fe2O3、Na2O、K2O、P2O5或者其它金属氧化物。而氧化铁杂质的去除是决定除杂效果的最大瓶颈。为了较好地去除这些氧化铁主杂质，通常会尝试提高还原反应的转化率。例如提高还原反应中物料接触面积，具体地，将还原剂、待处理固废充分粉碎再分散得到混合料，将使混合料焙烧并发生还原反应。尽管如此，始终从根本上难以避免还原反应出的铁单质在体系中的长时间停留而被再次氧化，即导致最终固废中氧化物杂质去除效果有限。
本发明人摒弃了习知技术中的除杂思路。意外地发现，将硅酸盐固废还原反应的控制在使硅酸盐固废成熔融状态的温度后，在此种状态下的还原反应，能够使得主杂质的一部分组分蒸发，未蒸发的杂质组分会发生物理分层形成上层组分、下层组分，下层组分主要是由氧化铁还原而成的铁单质而较容易被即可分离出。更重要的是，由于下层铁单质被上层组分与外界隔绝，降低了其被再次被氧化的可能性；并且由于下层组分可较容易被即可分离，也避免了长时间停留在体系中增加再次氧化的可能性。而后对上层组分中残留的氧化铁先后实施进行磁相诱导析晶、磁选从而彻底去除，由此提高了主杂质的去除效果。基于此，创造了本申请。
第一方面，本申请提供硅酸盐固废的除杂方法，其由包括以下步骤的方法所制得：
（A）将待处理的硅酸盐固废加热熔融形成熔体，并使该熔体在还原反应过程中发生分层；
（B）将所述分层得到的上层熔体组分进行磁相诱导析晶，得到铁磁相固体；
（C）将所述铁磁相固体进行磁选，所得剩余相即为除杂后固废。
硅酸盐固废
本申请硅酸盐固废是指含有硅酸盐成分（此处，硅酸盐成分有铝硅酸盐、镁硅酸盐等等）的固体废弃物，其包涵但不限于煤矸石、赤泥、粉煤灰、钢渣、尾矿等铝硅酸盐。
还原反应
本申请中还原反应的形式可采用任何现有技术的形式，例如可使用向其中通入还原性气氛，氢气、一氧化碳等或者使用固相还原剂。
作为一种较佳实现方式，本申请中的还原剂可以是石墨（以容器形式），即将熔体盛放在石墨材质容器内，例如石墨坩埚等。需要特别注意的是，由于石墨材质容器内盛放的熔体为液相，其与石墨本身具有可靠性的接触，能确保石墨能足够好对熔体进行还原。并且石墨材质容器的石墨同时也能消耗反应体系中的氧气，而造成反应体系为无氧环境，与此同时消耗氧气所产生的一氧化碳气体也能作为还原熔体的还原剂。
还原反应所得到的铁单质，由于密度较大，其能在整个熔体反应体系中形成下层组分，下层组分能较容易被分离转移出熔体体系，这样铁单体不会滞留在体系中而增加氧化的可能性。
需要补充的是，前述石墨材质容器还能利于熔体所形成的下层组分、上层组分的转移。
在一个典型的方案中，基于还原的彻底性之考虑，还原反应的时间可为2~5min，例如2min、2.5min、3min、4min、4.5min、5min等。
加热熔融
本申请在加热熔融同时会使得部分沸点低的杂质组分挥发出去。基于轻组分更好的挥发效果之考虑，加热熔融温度可为1400~1600℃，例如1400℃、1410℃、1450℃、1480℃、1500℃、1520℃、1550℃、1580℃、1500℃等。至于加热的升温方式，可采用梯度升温，例如可以在在5-10 min升温至该预定的温度内。
加热熔融的加热设备为电磁感应加热炉，鉴于电磁感应加热炉的加热速度较快。
本申请在电磁感应加热炉内配置有用以容置待处理的硅酸盐固废的石墨内衬。石墨内衬能在磁场中产生涡流，迅速加热容器；同时，也作为容器能与空气中的氧气反应生成一氧化碳，放热，这样整体的加热效率会很快。一氧化碳气体能作为还原剂把无机固废中的有价金属还原。
磁相诱导析晶
磁场诱导析晶是指在磁场作用下，退火过程中，熔体中的铁磁性相（即氧化铁）会优先析出。对于磁场诱导析晶所形成的固相中含有非铁磁性相组分和铁磁性相组分，对于铁磁性相组分可以通过后续的磁选去除而达到分离目的。
在一个典型的实施方案中，磁相诱导析晶的温度为850~950℃，例如850℃、860℃、880℃、900℃、920℃、940℃、950℃等；所述磁相诱导析晶的磁场强度为0.1~10T，例如0.1 T、0.5 T、1 T、2 T、4 T、5T、8 T、9 T、10 T等
本领域技术人员已知的是，磁场诱导析晶包括退火过程中的降温。该降温较好地为0.5~1℃/min，例如0.5℃/min、0.55℃/min、0.6℃/min、0.7℃/min、0.8℃/min、0.9℃/min、1℃/min等。
磁选
磁选是指对含有铁磁相组分的固体中的铁磁相组分通过磁场选择加以分离的过程。作为一种参考地实现方式，磁选所粉粹的粒径小于100 μm。所施加磁场的强度为70-100 KA/m。
预处理
本申请在还在步骤（A）之前的预处理还可以包括：
将硅酸盐固废进行粉碎至粒径不超过200 μm；
以及，将经过粉碎的固废料压制成块体。
块体，可以避免在使用电磁感应加热炉的加热时电磁感应加热速度极快导致的堆积粉体中的气体会迅速膨胀，从而可能产生增加粉体“爆沸”的风险。
第二方面，本申请提供上述除杂方法的应用，将由所述除杂方法所得到的除杂后固废作为原料生产硅酸盐制品。
本申请中由于除杂后固废中铁含量非常低，硅酸盐成分含量特别高，非常适用于作为硅酸盐制品的原料。本领域技术人员所知晓的是，硅酸盐制品包涵但不限于玻璃、陶瓷等。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例 1
（以煤矸石为硅酸盐固废）
待处理的煤矸石的主要成分如下表1：
Figure dest_path_image001
步骤1：将以上组分的煤矸石破碎，球磨2 h，球磨速度为500 r/min。将粉末用压片机压制成圆片，压强为15 Mpa，保压时间为1 min，圆片直径20 mm，厚度10 mm。
步骤2：将块状原料放入石墨坩埚中，石墨坩埚  内径34mm，外径46 mm，将石墨坩埚放入耐火套筒中，再将它们一起放入电磁感应线圈内，电磁感应线圈直径10 mm，内部通有冷却水。通入冷却水后，打开电磁感应加热炉，
步骤3：控制磁场诱导析晶炉内温度为900 ℃，磁场强度为5T，将上层熔体转移到磁场诱导析晶炉内， 控制降温速率为0.5 ℃/min，将熔体冷却到室温。
步骤4：冷却后的熔体破碎后，使其粒径低于75 μm，通过磁场强度为80 KA/m的磁选机，完成磁选。对除杂后固体成分进行分析。
对除杂后的固体成分进行分析，得到的结果如表2所示：
表2 除杂后固体成分（wt%）
Figure dest_path_image002
实施例 2
（以煤矸石、粉煤灰、钢渣的混合物为硅酸盐固废）
步骤1：将煤矸石，粉煤灰，钢渣破碎后，按40%的钢渣、23.5%的煤矸石以及36.5%的粉煤灰混合。放入球磨机内球磨2 h，球磨速度为500 r/min。将粉末用压片机压制成圆片，压强为15 Mpa，保压时间1min，圆片直径20 mm，高度为10 mm。煤矸石，粉煤灰，钢渣以及混料成分如表3所示。
表3 煤矸石、粉煤灰、钢渣以及混料成分（wt%）
Figure dest_path_image003
步骤2：将块状原料放入石墨坩埚中，石墨坩埚内径34 mm，外径46 mm，将石墨坩埚放入耐火套筒中，再将它们一起放入电磁感应线圈内，电磁感应线圈直径10 mm，内部通有冷却水。通入冷却水后，打开电磁感应加热炉，电磁感应加热炉的频率为40 KHZ，改变电流1-5 min电流为30 A，5-10 min电流为35 A，反应物在10 min时开始熔融，此时温度约为1500 ℃。反应到15 min后转移上层熔体。
步骤3：控制磁场诱导析晶炉内温度为900 ℃，磁场强度为5T，将上层熔体转移到磁场诱导析晶炉内， 控制降温速率为0.5℃/min，将熔体冷却到室温。
步骤4：冷却后的熔体破碎后，使其粒径低于75μm，通过磁场强度为80 KA/m的磁选机，完成磁选。对除杂后固体成分进行分析。
对除杂后的成分进行分析，结果如表4所示：
表4 除杂后固体成分（wt%）
Figure dest_path_image004
经过两次除杂后，固废中的铁含量由12.58%降低到0.49%，回收率达到96.10%。同时固废中的P 2O 5含量由0.96%降低到0.02%。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种硅酸盐固废的除杂方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    （A）将待处理的硅酸盐固废加热熔融形成熔体，并使该熔体在还原反应过程中发生分层；
    （B）将所述分层得到的上层熔体组分进行磁相诱导析晶，得到铁磁相固体；
    （C）将所述铁磁相固体进行磁选，所得剩余相即为除杂后固废。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述加热熔融的温度为1400~1600℃。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述待处理的硅酸盐固废所使用的容器的材质为石墨。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述加热熔融的加热设备为电磁感应加热炉。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述电磁感应加热炉内配置有用以容置待处理的硅酸盐固废的石墨内衬。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述还原反应的时间为2~5min。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述磁相诱导析晶的温度为850~950℃，所述磁相诱导析晶的磁场强度为0.1~10T。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，所述磁相诱导析晶的降温速率为0.5~1℃/min。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述除杂方法，其特征在于，在步骤（A）之前还包括：
    将硅酸盐固废进行粉碎至粒径不超过200 μm；
    以及，将经过粉碎的固废料压制成块体。
  10. 一种如权利要求1～9任意一项所述除杂方法的应用，其特征在于，将由所述除杂方法所得到的除杂后固废作为原料生产硅酸盐制品。
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