WO2022234836A1 - 発酵を制御する装置および方法 - Google Patents
発酵を制御する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022234836A1 WO2022234836A1 PCT/JP2022/019440 JP2022019440W WO2022234836A1 WO 2022234836 A1 WO2022234836 A1 WO 2022234836A1 JP 2022019440 W JP2022019440 W JP 2022019440W WO 2022234836 A1 WO2022234836 A1 WO 2022234836A1
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- fermentation
- foaming
- target substance
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- antifoaming agent
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/36—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology including condition or time responsive control, e.g. automatically controlled fermentors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/04—Alpha- or beta- amino acids
- C12P13/10—Citrulline; Arginine; Ornithine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/15—Corynebacterium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/185—Escherichia
- C12R2001/19—Escherichia coli
Definitions
- the present invention relates to technology for controlling fermentation.
- Target substances such as L-amino acids are produced, for example, by fermentation using microorganisms.
- Production of the target substance by fermentation is carried out by culturing microorganisms capable of producing the target substance.
- Cultivation of microorganisms can be carried out, for example, using a liquid medium, and in particular, can be carried out aerobically by aerobic culture or the like using oxygen or a mixed gas containing oxygen.
- foaming typically occurs.
- the fermentation performance for example, the yield and productivity of the target substance
- the fermentation performance for example, the yield and productivity of the target substance
- excessive foaming during fermentation deteriorates the environment for target substance-producing bacteria, which can lead to a decline in fermentation results.
- foaming during fermentation is insufficient, for example, dissolved oxygen may escape from the surface of the liquid and become insufficient, resulting in a decrease in fermentation results. Excessive foaming can also cause environmental pollution, for example by entrainment. Therefore, a technique for measuring and controlling foaming during fermentation is required.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a device that uses a laser to measure the sound absorbing surface (for example, foam surface) in the tank.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technology for controlling fermentation.
- the present inventors detect the foam surface during fermentation by non-contact means such as a laser, calculate the degree of foaming, and automatically control the addition of an antifoaming agent according to the degree of foaming, thereby suppressing fermentation. We have found that it can be controlled efficiently, and completed the present invention.
- a device for controlling fermentation comprising: A device comprising means (A) to (C): (A) means for non-contact detection of the foam surface during fermentation; (B) means for calculating the degree of foaming based on the results of said detection; (C) means for controlling foaming based on the results of said calculation; [2] The apparatus as described above, wherein the fermentation is performed by aerobic culture. [3] The apparatus, wherein the means (A) is means for detecting the foam surface using a laser, radio waves, or ultrasonic waves. [4] The device, wherein the degree of foaming is calculated as the thickness of the foam layer.
- the device wherein the thickness of the foam layer is calculated as the difference between the position of the foam surface and the position of the liquid surface.
- the device wherein the position of the liquid level is calculated theoretically.
- the device wherein the position of the liquid surface is calculated as a value corrected according to the amount of ventilation.
- the device wherein the control of foaming is decreasing foaming when the degree of foaming is high, increasing foaming when the degree of foaming is low, or a combination thereof.
- the apparatus as described above, wherein the control of foaming is performed by controlling the addition of an antifoaming agent.
- the control of the addition of the antifoaming agent includes increasing or decreasing the addition speed of the antifoaming agent, increasing or decreasing the frequency of adding the antifoaming agent, increasing or decreasing the amount of the antifoaming agent added per time, changing the timing of adding the antifoaming agent, or any combination thereof.
- the device, wherein the control of foaming is performed based on an ideal degree of foaming.
- the above apparatus utilized in combination with a fermentation apparatus.
- the above apparatus further comprising a fermenter.
- the fermenter comprises a transmission section, The device, wherein the transmissive portion is a portion that is transmissive to the signal utilized by the means (A).
- the above apparatus wherein the surface of the permeation section inside the fermenter is coated with an anti-fogging agent.
- the device, wherein the anti-fogging agent is a photocatalyst.
- the device, wherein the photocatalyst is titanium oxide.
- the device, wherein the fermentation produces a target substance.
- the target substance is an organic compound.
- the above device, wherein the target substance is an amino acid, nucleic acid, organic acid, protein, or vitamin.
- the above device, wherein the target substance is an L-amino acid.
- the above device, wherein the target substance is L-arginine.
- a method of controlling fermentation comprising: A method comprising the following steps (A) to (C): (A) a step of contactlessly detecting the foam surface during fermentation; (B) calculating the degree of foaming based on the results of the detection; (C) a step of controlling foaming based on the result of the calculation; [25] A method for producing a target substance by fermentation, A method comprising controlling the fermentation by performing steps (A)-(C): (A) a step of contactlessly detecting the foam surface during fermentation; (B) calculating the degree of foaming based on the results of the detection; (C) a step of controlling foaming based on the result of the calculation; [26] The method, wherein the steps (A) to (C) are performed using the apparatus.
- the fermentation step is a step of performing the fermentation, The above method, wherein the steps (A)-(C) are performed during the fermentation step.
- the above method wherein the fermentation step is a step of culturing a microorganism capable of producing the target substance in a medium to produce the target substance.
- the above method further comprising the step of recovering the target substance.
- the microorganism is bacteria or yeast.
- the microorganism is a bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus, or a coryneform bacterium.
- microorganism is a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Bacillus, or Corynebacterium.
- the microorganism is Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Corynebacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum, or Corynebacterium stationis.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes over time in foaming in Test Example 1;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal changes in bubble interface position in Test Example 1;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes over time in foaming in Test Example 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal changes in bubble interface position in Test Example 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing changes over time in foaming in Test Example 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal changes in bubble interface position in Test Example 3;
- “Fermentation” may mean the production of substances by culturing microorganisms.
- a substance produced by fermentation is also called a “target substance”.
- Microorganisms used for fermentation are also referred to as “target substance-producing bacteria”.
- a vessel in which fermentation is performed ie, a vessel in which microbial culture is performed
- fermentor a vessel in which microbial culture is performed
- fermenter can or "fermentation tank”.
- the target substance and target substance-producing bacteria will be described later in the "method of the present invention”.
- Microorganisms are cultured using a liquid medium.
- the liquid medium after the initiation of culture is also referred to as “fermentation liquid” or "culture liquid”.
- the fermented liquid may contain the target substance.
- Cultivation of microorganisms may be carried out by aeration culture or the like. Cultivation of microorganisms will be described later in the "method of the present invention”.
- foaming typically occurs, that is, a foam layer is formed on the fermented liquid. That is, during fermentation, there is typically a foam layer above the fermented liquid and a gas phase above the foam layer.
- the interface between the fermentation liquid and the foam layer is also called “liquid surface” or “liquid interface”
- the interface between the foam layer and the gas phase is also called “foam surface” or “foam interface”.
- Liquid level” or “foam level” means the vertical position of the liquid level or foam level, respectively.
- Fermentation can be controlled by controlling foaming during fermentation. That is, foam control is performed during fermentation. Fermentation control may be performed to obtain desired fermentation performance. In other words, control of foaming may be performed to obtain desired fermentation performance. Fermentation results include the yield and productivity of the target substance.
- the oxygen utilization efficiency in fermentation may be improved.
- oxygen usage and/or aeration may be reduced.
- the apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for controlling fermentation, comprising the following means (A) to (C): (A) means for non-contact detection of the foam surface during fermentation; (B) means for calculating the degree of foaming based on the results of said detection; (C) means for controlling foaming based on the results of said calculation;
- fermentation can be controlled by controlling foaming during fermentation.
- the foaming during the fermentation may be automatically controlled and thus the fermentation automatically controlled.
- Means (A) is a means for non-contact detection of the foam surface during fermentation. This means is hereinafter also referred to as “detection means”. "Detection of the bubble surface” may mean detection of the position of the bubble surface. The detection means may be read as, for example, "a portion that detects the foam surface during fermentation in a non-contact manner”.
- the detection means is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the foam surface during fermentation in a non-contact manner.
- detection means include those using electromagnetic waves such as lasers and radio waves, and those using sound waves such as ultrasonic waves.
- Detection means that utilize lasers, radio waves, and ultrasonic waves are also referred to as “laser detection means,” “radio wave detection means,” and “ultrasonic detection means,” respectively.
- the radio wave type detection means is also called “radar type detection means”.
- Specific examples of detection means include products handled by measuring equipment manufacturers such as Keyence and Yokogawa Electric Corporation in categories such as level meters and level sensors.
- the detecting means may detect the surface of the foam by irradiating the surface of the foam with signals such as electromagnetic waves and sound waves from above the surface of the foam and receiving the reflection of the signal from the surface of the foam.
- a portion that irradiates a signal onto the surface of the foam is also called an “irradiating portion”, and a portion that receives the reflection of the signal from the surface of the foam is also called a “receiving portion”.
- the detection means may, for example, comprise an illuminator and a receiver.
- the position to install the detection means is not particularly limited as long as the foam surface can be detected in a non-contact manner.
- the detection means may be installed, for example, so that at least the irradiation section and the reception section are arranged above the surface of the foam.
- the detection means may be installed, for example, inside the fermenter or outside the fermenter.
- the detection means may in particular be placed outside the fermenter.
- the fermenter may be provided with an opening or a transmission section, and the signal may be irradiated and received through the opening or transmission section.
- transmissive portion may be meant a portion that is transparent to the signal employed by the detection means.
- the transmission section can be configured with a member transparent to visible light.
- the material of the transmitting portion can be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as the type of signal. Examples of the material of the transmitting portion include glass and acrylic.
- the detection of the foam surface by the detection means can be performed continuously or intermittently.
- the detection interval can be appropriately set according to various conditions such as fermentation scale, type of microorganism, type of target substance, and the like.
- the detection interval may be, for example, 5 seconds or more, 10 seconds or more, 20 seconds or more, or 30 seconds or more, and may be 150 seconds or less, 120 seconds or less, 90 seconds or less, or 60 seconds or less. , or a combination thereof.
- the detection interval may be specifically, for example, 5-120 seconds, 10-90 seconds, or 20-60 seconds.
- Means (B) is means for calculating the degree of foaming based on the result of detection (that is, the result of detection of the foam surface by the detection means). This means is hereinafter also referred to as "calculating means".
- the calculating means may be read as, for example, "a portion for calculating the degree of bubbling based on the detection result”. “Calculating the degree of foaming based on the detection result” may specifically mean calculating the degree of foaming based on the position of the foam surface.
- the degree of foaming may be calculated, for example, as the thickness of the foam layer.
- the thickness of the foam layer can be calculated as the difference between the position of the foam surface and the position of the liquid surface.
- the position of the liquid level may be actually measured.
- the position of the liquid surface can be measured, for example, by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 3138238.
- the position of the liquid surface may be calculated theoretically, for example. That is, if the amount (specifically, volume) of the fermentation liquid present in the fermenter is known when the foam surface is detected, the position of the liquid surface can be calculated from the amount of the fermentation liquid.
- the amount of fermentation liquor present in the fermenter is generally known when the foam surface is detected, since the entry and exit of material into the fermenter is usually controlled.
- the relationship between the amount of fermentation broth and the position of the liquid surface may be identified in advance for the fermenter to be used.
- the volume of the fermented liquid may vary according to the operations.
- the position of the liquid surface may be calculated as a value appropriately corrected according to the operation.
- the volume of the fermentation liquid increases (that is, the liquid level rises) compared to when it is not aerated.
- the rise in liquid level due to ventilation is also called “gas holdup (GHU)”.
- the liquid level during ventilation is also called “gas holdup (GHU) liquid level”.
- the degree of GHU can be calculated from the ventilation rate.
- the relationship between the degree of GHU and the amount of aeration may be identified in advance for the fermenter to be used.
- the degree of GHU may be calculated for each fermenter, for example, by a linear or quadratic expression with the aeration rate as a variable.
- the degree of GHU may be calculated, in particular, by a quadratic expression with the amount of ventilation as a variable.
- the degree of GHU may be calculated by, for example, relational expression (I) or (II) described in the Examples.
- the aeration rate used to calculate the degree of GHU may be calculated as a value appropriately corrected according to the environment inside the fermenter.
- the corrected ventilation amount is also referred to as "actual ventilation amount".
- the environment in the fermenter used for correction includes temperature, internal pressure, and liquid depth.
- the actual air flow rate may be calculated, for example, by the relational expression (III) described in the Examples.
- the relational expression (III) described in the Examples may be commonly used for calculating the actual aeration rate for any fermenter.
- the apparatus of the invention may, for example, comprise means for calculating the position of the liquid level (eg the position of the GHU liquid level).
- the means for calculating the position of the liquid surface stores a relational expression used for calculating the position of the liquid surface, such as the relationship between the amount of fermentation liquid and the position of the liquid surface, the relationship between the degree of GHU and the amount of aeration, and the like.
- the position of the liquid surface may be calculated from data such as the amount of fermentation liquid and the amount of aeration using a relational expression.
- Means (C) is means for controlling foaming based on the result of calculation (that is, the result of calculating the degree of foaming by the calculating means). This means is hereinafter also referred to as "control means".
- the control means may be read as, for example, "a portion that controls foaming based on the result of calculation”. “Controlling foaming based on the result of calculation” may specifically mean controlling foaming based on the degree of foaming.
- the control of foaming includes reducing foaming and increasing foaming. Specifically, the control of foaming includes reducing foaming when the degree of foaming is large and increasing foaming when the degree of foaming is small. These controls may be performed singly or in combination as appropriate.
- the control means may, for example, reduce foaming when the degree of foaming is high and/or increase foaming when the degree of foaming is low.
- Reduced foaming may specifically mean a reduction in the thickness of the foam layer.
- Increased foaming may specifically mean increasing the thickness of the foam layer.
- control of foaming includes the reduction and / or increase of foaming when it is unnecessary to decrease and / or increase foaming (for example, when the degree of foaming is not large and / or when the degree of foaming is not small). /or no augmentation is included.
- the degree of foaming is large may mean that the thickness of the foam layer is greater than the upper limit.
- the expression “lower degree of foaming” may mean that the thickness of the foam layer is less than the lower limit.
- Only one of the upper limit and lower limit may be set, or both may be set.
- the upper limit value and the lower limit value may or may not be the same. If the upper and lower values are not the same, the lower value is set to a value lower than the upper value.
- the thickness of the foam layer may be reduced so as to approach the upper limit value.
- the thickness of the foam layer may be maintained at the upper limit value or less.
- the thickness of the foam layer may increase so as to approach the lower limit.
- the thickness of the foam layer may be maintained at the lower limit value or more.
- the thickness of the foam layer may decrease to approach the upper limit and/or may increase to approach the lower limit. Further, by setting upper and lower limits to control foaming, for example, the thickness of the foam layer may be maintained within the range between the upper and lower limits.
- the implementation criteria for controlling foaming are not particularly limited as long as the desired fermentation results are obtained.
- the implementation criteria for controlling foaming can be appropriately set according to various conditions such as fermentation scale, types of microorganisms, types of target substances, and the like.
- the degree of foaming at which desired fermentation results are obtained (hereinafter also referred to as "ideal degree of foaming") is determined, and based on the ideal degree of foaming (for example, the ideal degree of foaming foam control performance criteria may be established).
- foaming control may be performed based on an ideal foaming degree (eg, such that the ideal foaming degree can be achieved).
- the ideal degree of foaming may be determined, for example, as the thickness of the foam layer at which desired fermentation results are obtained (hereinafter also referred to as "ideal foam layer thickness").
- the ideal degree of foaming can be determined, for example, by culturing microorganisms in advance to identify the relationship between the degree of foaming and fermentation performance, and determining the relationship based on the relationship.
- the device of the invention may, for example, comprise means for storing the ideal degree of foaming.
- the apparatus of the present invention may also comprise means for determining foam control performance criteria based on, for example, the ideal degree of foam generation.
- the invention may also comprise means for storing, for example, foam control practices.
- Foaming can be controlled, for example, by controlling the addition of an antifoaming agent.
- foaming can be reduced by increasing the amount of antifoam added.
- Foaming can also be increased, for example, by reducing the amount of antifoaming agent added. That is, the control means may, for example, decrease the amount of antifoaming agent added when the degree of foaming is small and/or increase the amount of antifoaming agent added when the degree of foaming is high. .
- Addition of the antifoam agent can be carried out continuously or intermittently. Defoamers include surfactants.
- Control of the addition of the antifoaming agent includes, for example, increasing/decreasing the addition speed of the antifoaming agent, increasing/decreasing the frequency of adding the antifoaming agent, increasing/decreasing the amount of the antifoaming agent added per time, and changing the addition timing of the antifoaming agent. , or a combination thereof.
- An increase in the amount of the antifoaming agent added can be achieved by, for example, increasing the speed of addition of the antifoaming agent, increasing the frequency of addition of the antifoaming agent, increasing the amount of the antifoaming agent added per time, and adjusting the timing of addition of the antifoaming agent. can be achieved by expediting, or a combination thereof. "Increasing the amount of antifoam added” also includes starting the addition of antifoam when no antifoam is being added.
- Decrease in the amount of antifoaming agent added can be achieved, for example, by reducing the speed of addition of antifoaming agent, reducing the frequency of addition of antifoaming agent, reducing the amount of antifoaming agent added per time, and adjusting the timing of addition of antifoaming agent. This can be achieved by delaying, or a combination thereof. "Reducing the amount of antifoam added” also includes stopping the addition of antifoam when antifoam is being added.
- the mode of controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent (for example, the degree of increase or decrease in the amount of antifoaming agent added) is not particularly limited as long as foaming is controlled to the desired degree.
- the mode of controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent can be appropriately set according to various conditions such as the fermentation scale, the type of microorganisms, the type of target substance, and the calculated degree of foaming.
- the mode of controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent can be determined, for example, by culturing microorganisms in advance to identify the relationship between the amount of antifoaming agent added and the degree of increase or decrease in foaming, and determining the relationship based on the relationship.
- a fermentation apparatus may comprise means used to carry out fermentation, such as fermenters.
- the structure of the fermenter such as the shape and scale of the fermenter, is not particularly limited as long as the desired fermentation results are obtained.
- the structure of the fermenter can be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as fermentation scale, type of microorganisms, and type of target substance.
- the fermenter may, for example, be configured to allow aeration of the fermentation liquor.
- the fermenter may be configured, for example, so that the fermented liquid can be stirred.
- the fermenter may also comprise an opening or permeation for use by the detection means, for example.
- the device of the present invention may be provided with any other means as long as it does not impair the purpose of the present invention.
- the device of the present invention may be equipped with, for example, a fermenter. If the device of the invention comprises a fermenter, the device of the invention may function as a fermentation device.
- the fermenter is as described above.
- the device of the present invention may comprise, for example, means for assisting detection of the foam surface by the detection means.
- the means for assisting the detection of the foam surface by the detection means includes a component that maintains or increases the permeability of the permeation section provided in the fermenter.
- Such ingredients include antifog agents.
- Anti-fogging agents can be used, for example, in the coating of the transmissive portion. That is, the transmissive portion may be coated with an anti-fogging agent.
- the fermenter inner surface of the transmission section may be coated with an anti-fogging agent. Coating can be performed, for example, by painting or spraying. Coating can also be performed, for example, by chemically bonding an antifog agent to the transmissive portion.
- Antifog agents include photocatalysts.
- Photocatalysts include titanium oxide.
- Photocatalysts such as titanium oxide include ST series and STS series products of Ishihara Sangyo.
- Photocatalysts such as titanium oxide show an antifogging effect by UV irradiation.
- the UV irradiation conditions such as the timing and intensity of the UV irradiation can be appropriately set so as to obtain the desired antifogging effect.
- the method of the present invention is a method of controlling fermentation, comprising the following steps (A) to (C): (A) a step of contactlessly detecting the foam surface during fermentation; (B) calculating the degree of foaming based on the results of the detection; (C) a step of controlling foaming based on the result of the calculation;
- Fermentation can be controlled by performing steps (A) to (C). That is, the method of the present invention may be a method of controlling fermentation, comprising the step of controlling fermentation by performing steps (A)-(C). Moreover, the method of the present invention may be a method of controlling fermentation comprising a step of controlling fermentation, wherein the step of controlling fermentation includes steps (A) to (C).
- Processes (A) to (C) are also called “detection process”, “calculation process”, and “control process”, respectively. Steps (A)-(C) can be carried out, for example, using means (A)-(C), respectively. That is, steps (A) to (C) can be performed using, for example, the apparatus of the present invention. Steps (A)-(C) may be performed automatically, for example using the apparatus of the present invention. For embodiments of steps (A) to (C), the descriptions of means (A) to (C) can be applied mutatis mutandis.
- the method of the present invention may include the step of performing fermentation. This process is also called “fermentation process”. Foam control is performed during fermentation (specifically during the fermentation process). That is, steps (A) to (C) are performed during fermentation (specifically, during the fermentation process).
- the control of foaming may be performed during the entire period of the fermentation process, or may be performed only during a part of the period of the fermentation process. That is, the phrase "foam control is performed during fermentation (specifically, during the fermentation process)" may mean that foam control is performed during at least a part of the fermentation process. It is not required that foam control be performed during the entire fermentation process.
- the “partial period of the fermentation process” for controlling foaming is not particularly limited as long as the desired fermentation results are obtained.
- the “partial period of the fermentation process” for controlling foaming can be appropriately set according to various conditions such as the fermentation scale, the type of microorganism, the type of target substance, and the length of the fermentation process.
- the “partial period of the fermentation process” for controlling foaming is, for example, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% of the entire period of the fermentation process.
- the period may be 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, or 99% or more.
- the fermentation process may be a process of producing the target substance by fermentation.
- the fermentation step may be a step of culturing a microorganism capable of producing the target substance in a medium to produce the target substance.
- the fermentation process involves culturing a microorganism capable of producing the target substance in a medium to produce and accumulate the target substance in the fermentation liquid (e.g., in the medium, on the surface of the cell, inside the cell, or a combination thereof).
- the growth step and the target substance production step may proceed partially or entirely at the same time, or may proceed separately.
- the target substance production step may be started after the multiplication step has been sufficiently performed.
- Foam control may be performed in one or both of the growth step and the target product generation step.
- Foaming control may be implemented at least in the growth step, and may be implemented at least in the target substance production step.
- Foaming control may be performed, in particular, at least in the target material production step.
- the target substance can be produced by performing fermentation using the method of the present invention. That is, the method of the present invention may be a method for producing a target substance. Specifically, the method of the present invention may be a method of producing a target substance by fermentation. More specifically, the method of the present invention may be a method of producing a target substance while controlling fermentation. More specifically, the method of the present invention may be a method of producing a target substance while controlling foaming during fermentation.
- Microorganisms capable of producing the target substance means that when cultured in a medium, the target substance is produced and collected in the fermentation liquid (e.g., in the medium, on the surface of the fungus, inside the fungus, or a combination thereof). may mean a microorganism capable of accumulating in Microorganisms capable of producing the target substance are, for example, 0.01 g/L or more, 0.05 g/L or more, 0.1 g/L or more, 0.5 g/L or more, or 1.0 g/L or more of the target substance in the fermentation broth. may be stored in Microorganisms may have the ability to produce only one target substance, or may have the ability to produce two or more target substances.
- Target substance is not particularly limited as long as it can be produced by culturing microorganisms.
- Target substances include organic compounds such as amino acids, nucleic acids, organic acids, proteins, vitamins, and aspartame.
- Target substances include, in particular, amino acids.
- Amino acids include L-amino acids.
- L-amino acids include basic amino acids such as L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-arginine, L-histidine and L-citrulline, L-isoleucine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine and glycine.
- Aliphatic amino acids amino acids that are hydroxymonoaminocarboxylic acids such as L-threonine and L-serine, cyclic amino acids such as L-proline, aromatic amino acids such as L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan, L- Cysteine, L-cystine, sulfur-containing amino acids such as L-methionine, acidic amino acids such as L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid, amino acids having an amide group in the side chain such as L-glutamine and L-asparagine, L-DOPA ( L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and other amino acid derivatives.
- L-amino acids include in particular L-arginine.
- Nucleic acids include purine-based substances.
- Purine-based substances include purine nucleosides and purine nucleotides.
- Purine nucleosides include inosine, guanosine, xanthosine, and adenosine.
- Purine nucleotides include 5'-phosphate esters of purine nucleosides.
- the 5'-phosphate esters of purine nucleosides include inosinic acid (inosine-5'-phosphate; IMP), guanylic acid (guanosine-5'-phosphate; GMP), xanthylic acid (xanthosine-5'- phosphate; XMP), and adenylic acid (adenosine-5'-phosphate; AMP).
- Purine substances include inosine and guanosine, among others. Purine substances more particularly include inosine.
- Organic acids include carboxylic acids.
- Carboxylic acids include monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids.
- Monocarboxylic acids include monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (C 3 -C 8 monocarboxylic acids). Specific examples of monocarboxylic acids include pyruvic acid.
- Dicarboxylic acids include dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 carbon atoms (C 3 -C 8 dicarboxylic acids).
- dicarboxylic acids include ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid ( ⁇ -KG; also known as 2-oxoglutaric acid), malic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, and suberin. acid.
- ⁇ -KG also known as 2-oxoglutaric acid
- malic acid fumaric acid
- succinic acid succinic acid
- itaconic acid malonic acid
- adipic acid glutaric acid
- pimelic acid and suberin. acid.
- Vitamins include B vitamins such as vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12; vitamin K such as vitamin K2; vitamin C; pantothenic acid; and biotin. Vitamins include, in particular, vitamin K2.
- Proteins include any protein that can be expressed using a microorganism as a host.
- the protein may be a host-derived protein or a heterologous protein (heterologous protein).
- heterologous protein refers to a protein that is exogenous to the host that produces the same protein (ie, a microorganism capable of producing the target substance).
- the protein may be, for example, a naturally occurring protein, a modified protein thereof, or a protein whose amino acid sequence is artificially designed.
- the protein may be, for example, a microorganism-derived protein, a plant-derived protein, an animal-derived protein, or a virus-derived protein.
- a protein may be a monomeric protein or a multimeric protein.
- a protein may be a secreted protein or a non-secreted protein.
- Protein also includes what is called peptide, such as oligopeptide and polypeptide. Examples of peptides include PGA ( ⁇ -polyglutamic acid) and ⁇ -glutamylcysteinylglycine (glutathione, GSH).
- proteins include enzymes, physiologically active proteins, antibody-related molecules, receptor proteins, antigen proteins, and other proteins.
- Enzymes include cellulase, xylanase, transglutaminase, protein glutaminase, protein asparaginase, isomaltodextranase, protease, endopeptidase, exopeptidase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, collagenase, chitinase, ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase, glutamic acid- Cysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase and the like.
- Physiologically active proteins include growth factors (growth factors), hormones, cytokines, and antibody-related molecules.
- Growth factors include epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor (TGF). ), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Granulocyte- colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), erythropoietin (EPO), Thrombopoietin (TPO), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF or FGF1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF2), keratinocyte growth factor ; KGF-1 or FGF7, KGF-2 or FGF10), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1
- TGF transforming growth factor
- NGF nerve growth factor
- Hormones include insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, human growth hormone (hGH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and exenatide.
- Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
- physiologically active protein may be the whole protein or a part thereof. Part of the protein includes, for example, a part having physiological activity. Specific examples of the physiologically active portion include the physiologically active peptide Teriparatide consisting of the N-terminal 34 amino acid residues of the mature form of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- PTH parathyroid hormone
- an "antibody-related molecule” may refer to a protein comprising a molecular species consisting of a single domain or a combination of two or more domains selected from domains that constitute a complete antibody.
- the domains that make up a complete antibody include the heavy chain domains VH, CH1, CH2, and CH3, and the light chain domains VL and CL.
- the antibody-related molecule may be a monomeric protein or a multimeric protein as long as it contains the molecular species described above.
- the antibody-related molecule when the antibody-related molecule is a multimeric protein, it may be a homomultimer consisting of a single type of subunit, or a heteromultimer consisting of two or more types of subunits. good too.
- antibody-related molecules include complete antibody, Fab, F(ab'), F(ab') 2 , Fc, a dimer consisting of a heavy chain (H chain) and a light chain (L chain), Fc Fusion proteins, heavy chain (H chain), light chain (L chain), single chain Fv (scFv), sc(Fv) 2 , disulfide-bonded Fv (sdFv), diabody, VHH fragment (nanobody®). be done.
- Antibody-related molecules more specifically include trastuzumab.
- Receptor proteins include physiologically active proteins and receptor proteins for other physiologically active substances. Other physiologically active substances include neurotransmitters such as dopamine.
- the receptor protein may be an orphan receptor for which the corresponding ligand is unknown.
- the antigen protein is not particularly limited as long as it can provoke an immune response.
- An antigen protein can be appropriately selected according to, for example, the target of an assumed immune response.
- Antigenic proteins can be used, for example, as vaccines.
- LFABP liver-type fatty acid-binding protein
- fluorescent protein fluorescent protein
- immunoglobulin binding protein albumin
- fibroin-like protein and extracellular protein.
- Fluorescent proteins include Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP).
- Immunoglobulin binding proteins include Protein A, Protein G and Protein L.
- Albumin includes human serum albumin.
- Fibroin-like proteins include those disclosed in WO2017/090665 and WO2017/171001.
- Extracellular proteins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, osteopontin, laminin, and subsequences thereof. Partial sequences include laminin E8, which is the E8 fragment of laminin.
- the target substance When the target substance is a compound that can take a salt form, the target substance may be produced as a free form, as a salt, or as a mixture thereof. That is, unless otherwise specified, the "target substance” may mean the target substance in free form, a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof. Salts include, for example, sulfates, hydrochlorides, carbonates, ammonium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts. As the salt of the target substance, one salt may be employed, or two or more salts may be employed in combination.
- a target substance-producing bacterium may be one that originally has the target substance-producing ability, or one that has been modified to have the target substance-producing ability.
- the target substance-producing bacterium can be obtained, for example, by imparting target substance-producing ability to the following microorganisms, or by enhancing the target substance-producing ability of the following microorganisms.
- Microorganisms include bacteria and yeast.
- Microorganisms include, in particular, bacteria.
- Bacteria include bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, and coryneform bacteria.
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia include, but are not limited to, bacteria classified into the genus Escherichia according to the classification known to microbiological experts.
- Escherichia bacteria for example, Neidhardt et al.'s book (Backmann, B. J. 1996. Derivations and Genotypes of some mutant derivatives of Escherichia coli K-12, p. (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella Cellular and Molecular Biology/Second Edition, American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, D.C.).
- Escherichia bacteria include, for example, Escherichia coli.
- Escherichia coli specifically, for example, Escherichia coli K-12 strain such as W3110 strain (ATCC 27325) and MG1655 strain (ATCC 47076); Escherichia coli K5 strain (ATCC 23506); BL21 (DE3) strain Escherichia coli B strains such as E. coli; and derivatives thereof.
- Escherichia coli K-12 strain such as W3110 strain (ATCC 27325) and MG1655 strain (ATCC 47076); Escherichia coli K5 strain (ATCC 23506); BL21 (DE3) strain Escherichia coli B strains such as E. coli; and derivatives thereof.
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter include, but are not limited to, bacteria classified into the genus Enterobacter according to the classification known to microbiological experts.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter include Enterobacter agglomerans and Enterobacter aerogenes.
- Specific examples of Enterobacter agglomerans include, for example, Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC12287 strain.
- Specific examples of Enterobacter aerogenes include, for example, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 strain, NBRC12010 strain (Biotechonol Bioeng. 2007 Mar 27; 98(2) 340-348), and AJ110637 strain (FERM BP-10955).
- Enterobacter bacteria include those described in European Patent Application Publication No. EP0952221.
- some Enterobacter agglomerans are classified as Pantoea agglomerans.
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Pantoea include, but are not limited to, bacteria classified into the genus Pantoea according to the classification known to microbiological experts.
- Pantoea bacteria include Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea stewartii, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pantoea citrea.
- Pantoea ananatis specifically, for example, Pantoea ananatis LMG20103 strain, AJ13355 strain (FERM BP-6614), AJ13356 strain (FERM BP-6615), AJ13601 strain (FERM BP-7207), SC17 strain (FERM BP -11091), SC17(0) strain (VKPM B-9246), and SC17sucA strain (FERM BP-8646).
- Some Enterobacter and Erwinia bacteria have been reclassified into the Pantoea genus (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 39, 337-345 (1989); Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , 43, 162-173 (1993)).
- Enterobacter agglomerans have recently been reclassified into Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea stewartii, etc. based on 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis (Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol ., 39, 337-345 (1989)).
- Bacteria of the genus Pantoea may also include bacteria reclassified into the genus Pantoea in this way.
- Erwinia bacteria include Erwinia amylovora and Erwinia carotovora.
- Klebsiella bacteria include Klebsiella planticola.
- Bacillus bacteria are not particularly limited, but include bacteria classified into the genus Bacillus according to the classification known to microbiological experts.
- Bacillus genus bacteria include, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium , Bacillus brevis, Bacillus polymixa, Bacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus velezensis.
- Specific examples of Bacillus subtilis include Bacillus subtilis 168 Marburg strain (ATCC 6051) and Bacillus subtilis PY79 strain (Plasmid, 1984, 12, 1-9).
- Specific examples of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T strain (ATCC 23842) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N strain (ATCC 23845).
- Coryneform bacteria include bacteria belonging to genera such as the genus Corynebacterium, the genus Brevibacterium, and the genus Microbacterium.
- coryneform bacteria include the following species. Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum Corynebacterium alkanolyticum Corynebacterium callunae Corynebacterium casei Corynebacterium crenatum Corynebacterium flavescens Corynebacterium glutamicum Corynebacterium lilium Corynebacterium melasecola Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes (Corynebacterium efficiens) Corynebacterium herculis Brevibacterium casei Brevibacterium divaricatum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) Brevibacterium flavum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) Brevibacterium immariophilum Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) Brevibacterium roseum Brevibacterium saccharolyticum Brevibacterium thiogenitalis Corynebacterium ammoniage
- coryneform bacteria include the following strains. Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum ATCC 13870 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum ATCC 15806 Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATCC 21511 Corynebacterium callunae ATCC 15991 Corynebacterium casei JCM 12072 Corynebacterium crenatum AS1.542 Corynebacterium flavescens ATCC 10340 Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13020, ATCC 13032, ATCC 13060, ATCC 13869, FERM BP-734 Corynebacterium lilium ATCC 15990 Corynebacterium melassecola ATCC 17965 Corynebacterium efficiens (Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes) AJ12340 (FERM BP-1539) Corynebacterium herculis ATCC 13868 Brevibacterium casei ATCC 35513 Brevibacterium divari
- Corynebacterium stathionis includes bacteria that were previously classified as Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, but were reclassified as Corynebacterium stathionis based on 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis (Int. J Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 60, 874-879 (2010)).
- the yeast may be budding yeast or fission yeast.
- the yeast may be a haploid yeast, a diploid or higher polyploid yeast.
- Saccharomyces genus yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia ciferrii, Pichia sydowiorum, Pichia pastoris (Wicker harmomyces) Wickerhamomyces) yeast
- Candida yeast such as Candida utilis, Hansenula yeast such as Hansenula polymorpha, Schizosaccharomyces such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe genus yeasts.
- strains can be obtained, for example, from the American Type Culture Collection (address 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20852 P.O. Box 1549, Manassas, VA 20108, United States of America). That is, a registration number corresponding to each strain is assigned, and this registration number can be used to obtain distribution (see http://www.atcc.org/). The accession number corresponding to each strain can be found in the catalog of the American Type Culture Collection. In addition, these strains can be obtained, for example, from the depository to which each strain has been deposited.
- the method of imparting or enhancing the target substance-producing ability is not particularly limited.
- a known method can be used as a method for imparting or enhancing the target substance-producing ability.
- Methods for imparting or enhancing the ability to produce L-amino acids are disclosed, for example, in WO2015/060391 and WO2018/030507.
- Methods for imparting or enhancing nucleic acid productivity are disclosed in WO2015/060391, for example.
- Methods for imparting or enhancing organic acid-producing ability are disclosed in, for example, WO2016/104814.
- Methods for imparting or enhancing protein-producing ability are disclosed, for example, in WO2018/074578 and WO2018/074579.
- the target substance can be produced by the action of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the target substance.
- enzymes are also referred to as "target substance biosynthetic enzymes”.
- microorganisms may have target substance biosynthetic enzymes.
- the microorganism may have genes encoding target substance biosynthetic enzymes.
- genes are also referred to as "target substance biosynthetic genes”.
- the microorganism may originally have the target substance biosynthesis gene, or may be one into which the target substance biosynthesis gene has been introduced. Techniques for introducing genes are disclosed in, for example, the literature relating to methods for conferring or enhancing target substance-producing ability as described above.
- the target substance-producing ability of microorganisms can be improved by increasing the activity of target substance biosynthetic enzymes. That is, a method for imparting or enhancing the target substance-producing ability includes a method for increasing the activity of the target substance biosynthetic enzyme. That is, the microorganism may be modified to increase the activity of the target substance biosynthetic enzyme. In the microorganism, the activity of one target substance biosynthetic enzyme may be increased, or the activity of two or more target substance biosynthetic enzymes may be increased. Techniques for increasing the activity of proteins (enzymes, etc.) are disclosed in, for example, the above-mentioned documents related to methods for imparting or enhancing the ability to produce a target substance. Activity of a protein (such as an enzyme) can be increased, for example, by increasing expression of the gene encoding the protein.
- a protein such as an enzyme
- Target substance biosynthetic genes and target substance biosynthetic enzymes include those of various organisms such as the microorganisms exemplified above.
- Specific examples of target substance biosynthetic genes and target substance biosynthetic enzymes include bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (e.g., Escherichia bacterium such as E. coli) and coryneform bacteria (e.g., C. glutamicum, etc.). of the genus Corynebacterium).
- the target substance biosynthetic genes and target substance biosynthetic enzymes also include organisms individually exemplified below.
- Nucleotide sequences of target substance biosynthetic genes derived from various organisms and amino acid sequences of target substance biosynthetic enzymes encoded by them can be obtained, for example, from public databases such as NCBI and technical documents such as patent documents. The same applies to genes and proteins other than target substance biosynthetic genes and target substance biosynthetic enzymes that are used to impart or enhance target substance-producing ability.
- methods for imparting or enhancing the ability to produce the target substance include methods for reducing the activity of enzymes involved in the by-production of substances other than the target substance.
- Substances other than such target substances are also referred to as "by-products”.
- Such enzymes are also referred to as "by-product producing enzymes”.
- By-product-producing enzymes include, for example, enzymes involved in assimilation of target substances, and enzymes that catalyze reactions that branch from the biosynthetic pathway of target substances to produce substances other than target substances.
- Techniques for reducing the activity of proteins are disclosed in, for example, the literature relating to methods for imparting or enhancing target substance-producing ability as described above.
- the activity of a protein (enzyme, etc.) can be reduced, for example, by disrupting the gene encoding the protein.
- the target substance-producing bacterium has the target substance-producing ability based on having at least a gene that encodes the target substance.
- a gene that encodes a target substance is also referred to as a “target substance gene”. That is, the microorganism may have the target substance gene.
- Microorganisms may have the ability to produce the target protein, for example, by having the target substance gene or by combining the target substance gene with other properties.
- a method of imparting or enhancing the target substance-producing ability includes a method of introducing a target substance gene into a microorganism.
- Proteins may be secreted and produced outside the cell (eg, in the medium or on the surface of the cell), or may accumulate within the cell. For example, by using a signal peptide, the protein can be secretively produced.
- a gene encoding a target protein may be retained in the host so as to be expressible.
- a protein expression unit comprising a promoter sequence that functions in the host in the 5′ to 3′ direction, a nucleotide sequence that encodes a signal peptide that functions in the host, and a nucleotide sequence that encodes the protein of interest is used in the host.
- the protein of interest can be secreted and produced by expressing the protein of interest.
- the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein of interest may be ligated downstream of the nucleotide sequence encoding the signal peptide so that the protein of interest is expressed as a fusion protein with the signal peptide. That is, target protein genes also include genes encoding such fusion proteins.
- target protein genes also include genes encoding such fusion proteins.
- coryneform bacteria can be used as hosts. Examples of coryneform bacteria used for secretory production of proteins include strains in which cell surface protein activity is reduced. Such strains include C. glutamicum YDK010 strain (WO2004/029254), which is a cell surface protein PS2-deficient strain of C. glutamicum AJ12036 (FERM BP-734), and modified strains thereof.
- Methods for conferring or enhancing protein secretion-producing ability of coryneform bacteria include methods for reducing the activity of cell surface proteins (WO2013/065869, WO2013/065772, WO2013/118544, WO2013/062029), penicillin A method of reducing the activity of a binding protein (WO2013/065869), a method of increasing expression of a gene encoding a metallopeptidase (WO2013/065772), and a host having a mutant ribosomal protein S1 gene (mutant rpsA gene).
- a method of modifying (WO2013/118544), a method of modifying a host to have a mutant phoS gene (WO2016/171224), a method of decreasing the activity of RegX3 protein (WO2018/074578), a method of decreasing the activity of the HrrSA system (WO2018/074579), a method of expressing a target protein by inserting an amino acid sequence containing Gln-Glu-Thr between a signal peptide and a target protein (WO2013/062029), protein secretion such as Tat-based secretion apparatus
- WO2013/062029 protein secretion such as Tat-based secretion apparatus
- genes and proteins used for breeding microorganisms capable of producing the target substance may each have known base sequences and amino acid sequences, such as the base sequences and amino acid sequences exemplified above.
- the genes and proteins used for breeding microorganisms having the ability to produce the target substance are the genes and proteins exemplified above (for example, have known base sequences and amino acid sequences such as the base sequences and amino acid sequences exemplified above). genes and proteins) may be conservative variants.
- genes used for breeding microorganisms having the ability to produce the desired substance may have the amino acid sequences exemplified above, as long as the original functions (i.e., enzyme activity, transporter activity, etc.) are maintained.
- genes used for breeding microorganisms having the ability to produce the target substance are, for example, 50% of the entire known amino acid sequence such as the amino acid sequences exemplified above, as long as the original function is maintained. It may be a gene encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence with 65% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, or 99% or more identity.
- genes used for breeding microorganisms having the ability to produce the target substance are, for example, 50% of the entire known amino acid sequence such as the amino acid sequences exemplified above, as long as the original function is maintained.
- It may be a gene encoding a protein having an amino acid sequence with 65% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 97% or more, or 99% or more identity.
- conservative variants of genes and proteins the descriptions of conservative variants of carbohydrate utilization genes and carbohydrate utilization proteins can be applied mutatis mutandis.
- the medium to be used is not particularly limited as long as the target substance-producing bacteria can grow and the target substance is produced.
- a normal medium used for culturing microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and coryneform bacteria can be used as it is or after being appropriately modified.
- a medium containing a component selected from a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a phosphoric acid source, a sulfur source, and various other organic components and inorganic components can be used as necessary.
- the types and concentrations of medium components may be appropriately set according to various conditions such as the type of target substance-producing bacteria and the type of target substance used.
- carbon sources include sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, blackstrap molasses, starch hydrolysates, biomass hydrolysates, acetic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, Examples include organic acids such as succinic acid, alcohols such as glycerol, crude glycerol, ethanol, and fatty acids.
- a plant-derived raw material can be suitably used as Plants include, for example, corn, rice, wheat, soybeans, sugarcane, beets, and cotton.
- Plant-derived raw materials include, for example, organs such as roots, stems, trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, seeds, plants containing them, and decomposition products of these plant organs.
- the form of utilization of the plant-derived raw material is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be used in any form such as unprocessed product, squeezed juice, pulverized product, refined product, and the like.
- a 5-carbon sugar such as xylose, a 6-carbon sugar such as glucose, or a mixture thereof can be obtained and used, for example, from plant biomass.
- these sugars can be obtained by subjecting plant biomass to treatments such as steam treatment, concentrated acid hydrolysis, dilute acid hydrolysis, hydrolysis with enzymes such as cellulase, and alkali treatment.
- hemicellulose in plant biomass may be hydrolyzed in advance to release pentose, and then cellulose may be hydrolyzed to produce hexose. good.
- xylose may be supplied by conversion from the hexose, for example, by allowing the target substance-producing bacterium to possess a conversion pathway from hexose such as glucose to xylose.
- the carbon source one type of carbon source may be used, or two or more types of carbon sources may be used in combination.
- nitrogen sources include ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphate; organic nitrogen sources such as peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, soy protein hydrolyzate; ammonia; and urea.
- Ammonia gas or ammonia water used for pH adjustment may be used as the nitrogen source.
- the nitrogen source one type of nitrogen source may be used, or two or more types of nitrogen sources may be used in combination.
- the phosphate source include phosphates such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and phosphate polymers such as pyrophosphate.
- phosphates such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
- phosphate polymers such as pyrophosphate.
- the phosphoric acid source one phosphoric acid source may be used, or two or more phosphoric acid sources may be used in combination.
- sulfur sources include inorganic sulfur compounds such as sulfates, thiosulfates, and sulfites, and sulfur-containing amino acids such as cysteine, cystine, and glutathione.
- the sulfur source one sulfur source may be used, or two or more sulfur sources may be used in combination.
- organic and inorganic components include inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride; trace metals such as iron, manganese, magnesium, and calcium; vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and nicotine. Acids, nicotinamide, vitamins such as vitamin B12; amino acids; nucleic acids; As other various organic components and inorganic components, one component may be used, or two or more components may be used in combination.
- biotin in the medium It is also preferable to limit the amount of biotin in the medium and add a surfactant or penicillin to the medium.
- the culture conditions are not particularly limited as long as the target substance-producing bacteria can grow and the target substance is produced.
- the culture conditions for example, the usual conditions used for culturing microorganisms such as Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and coryneform bacteria can be used as they are or by appropriately modifying them.
- the culture conditions may be appropriately set according to various conditions such as the type of target substance-producing bacteria to be used and the type of the target substance.
- Cultivation can be performed using a liquid medium.
- the target substance-producing bacteria may be cultured in a solid medium such as an agar medium and inoculated directly into the liquid medium, or the target substance-producing bacteria may be seed-cultured in a liquid medium and added to the liquid for main culture.
- the medium may be inoculated. That is, the culture may be divided into seed culture and main culture. In that case, the culture conditions for seed culture and main culture may or may not be the same.
- the amount of target substance-producing bacteria contained in the medium at the start of culture is not particularly limited.
- the main culture may be performed, for example, by inoculating 1 to 50% (v/v) of the seed culture into the medium for the main culture.
- Cultivation can be performed by batch culture, fed-batch culture, continuous culture, or a combination thereof.
- the medium at the start of culture is also referred to as "starting medium”.
- the medium supplied to the culture system (fermentor) in fed-batch culture or continuous culture is also referred to as "fed-batch medium”.
- supplying a feed medium to a culture system in fed-batch culture or continuous culture is also referred to as "fed-batch”.
- both the seed culture and the main culture may be performed by batch culture, for example.
- the seed culture may be performed by batch culture
- the main culture may be performed by fed-batch culture or continuous culture.
- Each medium component may be contained in the starting medium, feed medium, or both.
- the types of components contained in the starting medium may or may not be the same as the types of components contained in the feed medium.
- the concentration of each component contained in the starting medium may or may not be the same as the concentration of each component contained in the feed medium.
- two or more feed media containing different types and/or concentrations of components may be used. For example, when feeding is performed intermittently a plurality of times, the types and/or concentrations of components contained in each feeding medium may or may not be the same.
- the concentration of the carbon source in the medium is not particularly limited as long as the target substance-producing bacteria can grow and the target substance is produced.
- the concentration of the carbon source in the medium may be, for example, as high as possible within a range in which the production of the target substance is not inhibited.
- the concentration of the carbon source in the medium may be, for example, 1 to 30 w/v%, preferably 3 to 10 w/v%, as the starting concentration (concentration in the starting medium).
- an additional carbon source may be added to the medium as appropriate.
- additional carbon sources may be added to the medium in accordance with the consumption of carbon sources as the fermentation progresses.
- Cultivation may be performed, for example, under aerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions, or anaerobic conditions. Cultivation may in particular be carried out under aerobic conditions. Performing the culture under aerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions, and anaerobic conditions is referred to as “performing the culture aerobically,” “performing the culture microaerobically,” and “cultivating anaerobicly,” respectively. It is also said that Cultures performed under aerobic, microaerobic, and anaerobic conditions are also referred to as “aerobic culture,” “microaerobic culture,” and “anaerobic culture,” respectively.
- the aerobic condition means that the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid medium is 0.33 ppm or more, which is the detection limit of an oxygen membrane electrode, preferably 1.5 ppm or more.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid medium under aerobic conditions may be controlled to, for example, 1 to 50%, preferably 3 to 10%, relative to the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration being 100%.
- Microaerophilic conditions mean that oxygen is supplied to the culture system, but the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid medium is less than 0.33 ppm.
- Anaerobic conditions refer to conditions in which oxygen is not supplied to the culture system. Culturing can be performed using aeration, shaking, agitation, or combinations thereof, among others. Cultivation may in particular be performed with aeration.
- Cultivation may also be carried out using, inter alia, aeration and agitation.
- Cultures that utilize aeration, shaking, and agitation are also referred to as "aeration cultures,” “shaking cultures,” and “agitation cultures,” respectively.
- the term “aerobic culture” means culture that utilizes at least aeration (that is, culture that is performed while at least aerating), and includes cases where it is used in combination with other means such as shaking and stirring.
- “Aeration” refers to the supply of gas to the culture medium.
- Gases utilized for ventilation include oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and mixed gases containing one or more thereof.
- Gases utilized for venting include, inter alia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and mixtures containing one or more thereof.
- Gases used for venting are more particularly oxygen or gas mixtures containing it. Cultivation can be carried out under aerobic conditions, for example, by aerobic culture using oxygen or a mixed gas containing it. Air is mentioned as above mixed gases (for example, mixed gas containing oxygen).
- the pH of the medium may be, for example, pH 3-10, preferably pH 4.0-9.5. During cultivation, the pH of the medium can be adjusted as needed. The pH of the medium can be adjusted with various alkaline or acidic substances such as ammonia gas, ammonia water, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
- the culture temperature may be, for example, 20-40°C, preferably 25-37°C.
- the culture period may be, for example, 10 hours to 200 hours. Cultivation may be continued, for example, until the carbon source in the medium is consumed, or until the activity of the target substance-producing bacterium disappears. By culturing the target substance-producing bacteria under such conditions, a fermentation broth containing the target substance can be obtained.
- the fermentation process may be carried out so that bicarbonate ions and/or carbonate ions serve as counter ions for the basic amino acids.
- Such a fermentation form is also called "carbonate fermentation”.
- basic amino acids can be fermentatively produced while reducing the amount of sulfate ions and/or chloride ions conventionally used as counter ions for basic amino acids.
- Carbonate fermentation can be performed, for example, as described in US2002-025564A, EP1813677A, JP-A-2002-65287.
- the target substance is produced, that is, a fermented liquid containing the target substance is obtained.
- the target substance may accumulate, for example, in the medium, on the cell surface, within cells, or a combination thereof.
- the target substance may in particular accumulate in the medium.
- the production of the target substance can be confirmed by known methods used for compound detection or identification.
- Such techniques include, for example, HPLC, UPLC, LC/MS, GC/MS, NMR. These techniques can be used alone or in combination as appropriate. These techniques can also be used to determine the concentrations of various components present in the medium.
- the generated target substance can be collected as appropriate. That is, the method of the present invention may further include a step of recovering the target substance. This process is also referred to as a "recovery process".
- the target substance can be recovered as a suitable fraction containing the target substance. Such fractions include, for example, cultures, culture supernatants, cells, and processed cells (fragments, lysates, extracts (cell-free extracts), etc.).
- the cells may be provided in the form of immobilized cells immobilized with a carrier such as acrylamide or carrageenan.
- the target substance may be further separated and purified from the above fractions. That is, the recovery step may be, for example, a step of recovering a fraction containing the target substance from the fermentation broth.
- the form of the target substance to be collected can be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as the type of the target substance and its use.
- the target substance can be recovered by a known technique used for separation and purification of compounds. Such techniques include, for example, ion exchange resin methods, membrane treatment methods, precipitation methods, extraction methods, distillation methods, and crystallization methods.
- a technique for recovering the target substance can be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as the type of the target substance. These techniques can be used alone or in combination as appropriate.
- the target substance when the target substance precipitates in the medium, the target substance can be recovered from the medium by solid-liquid separation means such as centrifugation or filtration.
- the target substance precipitated in the medium may be isolated together with the target substance dissolved in the medium after crystallization.
- the target substance when the target substance accumulates in the cells, the target substance can be recovered from the processed product, for example, after subjecting the cells to a treatment such as crushing, dissolving, or extracting.
- a treatment such as crushing, dissolving, or extracting.
- the solid content is removed from the processed material by solid-liquid separation means such as centrifugation and filtration, and the target substance is recovered from the resulting supernatant by the method used for separating and refining the compound as described above. can do.
- Treatments such as disruption, dissolution, or extraction of bacterial cells can be performed by known methods. Examples of such techniques include ultrasonic crushing, dyno milling, bead crushing, French press crushing, lysozyme treatment, surfactant treatment, and organic solvent treatment.
- the recovered target substance may contain other components such as microbial cells, medium components, moisture, and microbial metabolic by-products.
- the purity of the recovered target substance is, for example, 30% (w/w) or higher, 50% (w/w) or higher, 70% (w/w) or higher, 80% (w/w) or higher, 90% ( w/w) or higher, or 95% (w/w) or higher.
- the program of the present invention is a program that causes a computer to execute the steps included in the method of the present invention.
- a computer may execute the steps included in the method of the present invention.
- Computers may perform some or all of the steps involved in the methods of the present invention.
- a computer for example, may perform steps (A)-(C).
- a computer may execute the steps included in the method of the present invention, for example, using the apparatus of the present invention. Therefore, the program of the present invention may be, for example, a program that causes the apparatus of the present invention to execute the steps included in the method of the present invention.
- the program of the present invention may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium and provided.
- “Computer-readable recording medium” means that information such as data and programs is stored by electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical, or chemical action, etc., and the stored information can be read by a computer.
- a recording medium that can Such recording media include floppy (registered trademark) disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROMs, CD-R/Ws, DVD-ROMs, DVD-R/Ws, DVD-RAMs, DATs, 8mm tapes, memory cards. , hard disk, ROM (read only memory), and SSD.
- the program of the present invention may be recorded as a separate program for each step executed by a computer.
- gas aerated in the following examples is air or a mixed gas of air and oxygen.
- the degree of GHU (GHU [%]) is calculated by the following formula (I) or (II) using the actual aeration rate (X [m 3 /min]) as a variable. be able to.
- R2 was 0.5691.
- R2 was 0.9809.
- GHU [%] 0.1529X + 9.3937 (I)
- GHU [%] 17.919 + 0.4X + (-0032)X ⁇ 2 (II)
- the actual ventilation rate (X [Nm 3 /min]) can be calculated by the following formula (III) using the ventilation rate (that is, the ventilation rate measured by the flow meter) as a variable.
- X [Nm 3 /min] (Air flow [m 3 /min]*101.3*(273+Temperature[°C])/(101.3+Internal pressure[kPa]+(Liquid depth[mm]/1000*0.0999)101.3/ 1.033)*273) ⁇ (III)
- the antifoaming agent (Af) was intermittently added at a preset amount and frequency during the culture.
- the amount of the antifoaming agent added was about 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 % (v/v) relative to the amount of medium at the start of the culture, and the time cycle of addition of the antifoaming agent was CT 22.3-34. It was 3600 sec for 4%, 1800 sec for CT 34.4 to 46.4%, 600 sec for CT 46.4 to 68.8%, and 100 sec for the period from CT 68.8% to the end of culture.
- CT means culture time, and is shown as a relative value with 0% at the start of culture and 100% at the end of culture.
- the results are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the thickness of the foam layer reached 24.1% in the period from CT 56.7% to the end of the culture, decreased after CT 68.8% and stabilized at 12.6%.
- the thickness of the foam layer is shown as a relative value with the internal height of the fermenter being 100% (same below).
- Test Examples 1 to 3 the addition of the antifoaming agent (Af) was automatically controlled according to the calculated thickness of the foam layer during the culture. Since the peak of oxygen consumption (oxygen consumption rate) for L-arginine production is between 25.8% and 43.0% of CT, the period of automatic control was set after 56.7% of CT. This is to prevent an increase in oxygen consumption due to an increase in the addition of the antifoaming agent, thereby preventing a low dissolved oxygen concentration.
- the amount of antifoaming agent added was about 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 % (v/v) with respect to the amount of medium at the start of culture per time.
- the addition of the antifoaming agent was controlled using the upper limit of the thickness of the foam layer (hereinafter also referred to as "SV").
- SV1 and SV2 were used as SV.
- SV1 was set at 3.4% below SV2 as a relative value with the internal height of the fermenter being 100%.
- the time cycle of antifoam addition by SV1 was double the time cycle of antifoam addition by SV2.
- the control of the addition of antifoaming agent by SV is as follows: when the thickness of the foam layer exceeds SV1, the antifoaming agent is added and the timer of SV1 starts counting, and the timer of SV1 is quenched by SV1.
- Additional antifoam is added each time the time cycle of foaming agent addition (here twice the time cycle of antifoam addition by SV2) is reached; If the SV is less than 1, reset the SV1 timer count and return to the beginning; if the thickness of the foam layer exceeds SV2 while the SV1 timer is counting, switch the SV to be used to SV2 and add an antifoaming agent.
- SV2 timer When the thickness of the foam layer becomes less than SV2 during the counting of , reset the count of the SV2 timer and switch the SV to be used to SV1;
- Test Example 1 The results of Test Example 1 are shown in Figures 3 and 4.
- the foam layer thickness at a CT of 56.7% was 21.5%.
- Automatic control was started at a CT of 56.7%, SV2 was set at 140 cm and the time cycle of addition of defoamer at 400 sec. Since the foam layer thickness was 20.6% at a CT of 58.4%, it was determined that the time cycle of 400 sec was insufficient, and the time cycle was changed to 100 sec.
- the thickness of the foam layer significantly decreased to less than 16.0%. Therefore, when the time cycle was changed to 150 sec, the thickness of the foam layer stabilized around 16.0%.
- the CT was changed to 68.8%, the SV2 was changed to 12.6%, and the time cycle of addition of the defoamer was changed to 50 sec.
- the CT was changed to 75.3% and the time cycle of addition of the defoamer was changed to 30 sec.
- SV2 was changed to 10.3% and the time cycle of antifoam addition was changed to 20 sec.
- Changed CT to 86.8% and SV2 to 11.5%.
- the foam layer thickness reached 11.5% of SV2 at CT91.1% and was precisely controlled at that level until the end of the culture.
- the thickness of the foam layer could not be strictly controlled in the comparative example, whereas the thickness of the foam layer could be strictly controlled by automatically controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent according to the thickness of the foam layer. It became clear.
- Test Example 2 The results of Test Example 2 are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
- the foam layer thickness at a CT of 56.7% was 23.4%. Automatic control was started at a CT of 56.7%, SV2 was set at 17.2%, and the antifoam addition time cycle was set at 40 sec. As a result, the thickness of the foam layer often decreased to less than 17.2%, but stabilized around 17.2% after CT65.7%.
- the CT was changed to 68.8%, the SV2 was changed to 10.3%, and the time cycle of addition of the defoamer remained at 40 sec. Changed CT to 72.2% and SV2 to 12.6%. As a result, the thickness of the foam layer increased and was controlled to that level up to a CT of 79.1%.
- Test Example 3 The results of Test Example 3 are shown in Figures 7 and 8. Automatic control was started at CT 56.7%, SV2 was set at 13.7%, and the antifoam addition time cycle was set at 40 sec. As a result, the thickness of the foam layer was controlled to the desired level. At CT 68.8%, SV2 was changed to 11.5% and the antifoam addition time cycle was changed to 20 sec to prevent the foam layer from reaching the looking glass. As a result, the thickness of the foam layer was controlled to the desired level. At CT 75.3%, SV2 was changed to 10.3% to prevent the foam layer from reaching the looking glass, and after CT 0.56%, SV2 was changed to 9.2%. As a result, the thickness of the foam layer was controlled to the desired level. From the above, it has been clarified that in Test Example 3, similarly to Test Example 1, the thickness of the foam layer can be strictly controlled by automatically controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent according to the thickness of the foam layer.
- the thickness of the foam layer can be controlled by automatically controlling the addition of the antifoaming agent according to the thickness of the foam layer. From the results of Test Examples 1 to 3, with a CT of 56.7 to 68.8%, the thickness of the foam layer can be controlled to 13.7 to 17.2% by setting the time cycle of adding the antifoaming agent to about 40 seconds. was found to be sufficient to After CT 68.8%, it was necessary to set the time cycle of addition of the antifoaming agent according to the target thickness of the foam layer.
- Table 1 shows the culture data of comparative examples and test examples. In the table, the data are shown as relative values with the data of the comparative example as 100%.
- the thickness of the foam layer in Test Examples 1 to 3 was controlled to a lower level than in Comparative Example. Therefore, in Test Example 1, the amount of antifoaming agent used was greater than in Comparative Example. However, increasing the amount of defoamer used did not increase the amount of oxygen used. This is probably because the automatic control of foaming was performed while avoiding the peak of oxygen consumption (oxygen consumption rate) during L-arginine production. On the other hand, in Test Examples 2 and 3, the amount of antifoaming agent used was smaller than in Comparative Example. Also, under the conditions of this example, the automatic control of foaming did not affect the fermentation performance (specifically, the yield).
- the control of the addition of the antifoaming agent by SV is as described in (2) above.
- the amount of antifoaming agent added was about 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 % (v/v) with respect to the amount of medium at the start of culture per time.
- CT52.6-65.8% constant addition of antifoaming agent with a time cycle of 400 sec.
- Table 2 shows the culture data of the comparative example and test example. In the table, the data are shown as relative values with the average value of the data of the comparative example being 100%.
- the automatic control of foaming did not affect the fermentation results (specifically, the culture time and yield), but the amount of oxygen used, the amount of aeration, and the amount of antifoaming agent used , and improved the efficiency of oxygen utilization in fermentation.
- fermentation can be controlled.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
発酵を制御する装置であって、
下記手段(A)~(C)を備える、装置:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する手段;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する手段;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する手段。
[2]
前記発酵が、通気培養により実施される、前記装置。
[3]
前記手段(A)が、レーザー、電波、または超音波を利用して前記泡面を検出する手段である、前記装置。
[4]
前記発泡の程度が、泡層の厚みとして算出される、前記装置。
[5]
前記泡層の厚みが、前記泡面の位置と液面の位置の差として算出される、前記装置。
[6]
前記液面の位置が、理論的に算出される、前記装置。
[7]
前記液面の位置が、通気量に応じて補正された値として算出される、前記装置。
[8]
前記発泡の制御が、発泡の程度が大きい場合に発泡を減少させること、発泡の程度が小さい場合に発泡を増大させること、またはそれらの組み合わせである、前記装置。
[9]
前記発泡の制御が、消泡剤の添加を制御することにより実施される、前記装置。
[10]
前記消泡剤の添加の制御が、消泡剤の添加速度の増減、消泡剤の添加頻度の増減、消泡剤の1回あたりの添加量の増減、消泡剤の添加タイミングの変更、またはそれらの組み合わせにより実施される、前記装置。
[11]
前記発泡の制御が、理想的な発泡の程度に基づいて実施される、前記装置。
[12]
発酵装置と組み合わせて利用される、前記装置。
[13]
さらに、発酵槽を備える、前記装置。
[14]
前記発酵槽が、透過部を備え、
前記透過部が、前記手段(A)が利用する信号に対して透過性である部位である、前記装置。
[15]
前記透過部の発酵槽内側の面が、防曇剤でコーティングされている、前記装置。
[16]
前記防曇剤が、光触媒である、前記装置。
[17]
前記光触媒が、酸化チタンである、前記装置。
[18]
前記発酵により目的物質が生産される、前記装置。
[19]
前記目的物質が、有機化合物である、前記装置。
[20]
前記目的物質が、アミノ酸、核酸、有機酸、タンパク質、またはビタミンである、前記装置。
[21]
前記目的物質が、L-アミノ酸である、前記装置。
[22]
前記目的物質が、L-アルギニンである、前記装置。
[23]
前記発酵が、好気的に実施される、前記装置。
[24]
発酵を制御する方法であって、
下記工程(A)~(C)を含む、方法:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する工程;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する工程;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する工程。
[25]
発酵により目的物質を製造する方法であって、
下記工程(A)~(C)の実施により発酵を制御する工程を含む、方法:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する工程;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する工程;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する工程。
[26]
前記工程(A)~(C)が、前記装置を利用して実施される、前記方法。
[27]
さらに、発酵工程を含み、
前記発酵工程が、前記発酵を実施する工程であり、
前記工程(A)~(C)が、前記発酵工程中に実施される、前記方法。
[28]
前記発酵工程が、目的物質生産能を有する微生物を培地で培養して目的物質を生成する工程である、前記方法。
[29]
さらに、前記目的物質を回収する工程を含む、前記方法。
[30]
前記微生物が、細菌または酵母である、前記方法。
[31]
前記微生物が、腸内細菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)に属する細菌、バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、またはコリネ型細菌である、前記方法。
[32]
前記微生物が、エシェリヒア(Escherichia)属細菌、エンテロバクター(Enterobacter)属、パントエア(Pantoea)属、バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、またはコリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)属細菌である、前記方法。
[33]
前記微生物が、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)、エンテロバクター・アグロメランス(Enterobacter agglomerans)、パントエア・アナナティス(Pantoea ananatis)、バチルス・サブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)、またはコリネバクテリウム・スタティオニス(Corynebacterium stationis)である、前記方法。
本発明の装置は、下記手段(A)~(C)を備える、発酵を制御する装置である:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する手段;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する手段;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する手段。
本発明の方法は、下記工程(A)~(C)を含む、発酵を制御する方法である:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する工程;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する工程;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する工程。
コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラム(Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum)
コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカム(Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum)
コリネバクテリウム・アルカノリティカム(Corynebacterium alkanolyticum)
コリネバクテリウム・カルナエ(Corynebacterium callunae)
コリネバクテリウム・カセイ(Corynebacterium casei)
コリネバクテリウム・クレナタム(Corynebacterium crenatum)
コリネバクテリウム・フラベセンス(Corynebacterium flavescens)
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)
コリネバクテリウム・リリウム(Corynebacterium lilium)
コリネバクテリウム・メラセコーラ(Corynebacterium melassecola)
コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネス(コリネバクテリウム・エフィシエンス)(Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes (Corynebacterium efficiens))
コリネバクテリウム・ハーキュリス(Corynebacterium herculis)
ブレビバクテリウム・カセイ(Brevibacterium casei)
ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタム(コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム)(Brevibacterium divaricatum (Corynebacterium glutamicum))
ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム(コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム)(Brevibacterium flavum (Corynebacterium glutamicum))
ブレビバクテリウム・イマリオフィラム(Brevibacterium immariophilum)
ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム(コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム)(Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium glutamicum))
ブレビバクテリウム・ロゼウム(Brevibacterium roseum)
ブレビバクテリウム・サッカロリティカム(Brevibacterium saccharolyticum)
ブレビバクテリウム・チオゲニタリス(Brevibacterium thiogenitalis)
コリネバクテリウム・アンモニアゲネス(コリネバクテリウム・スタティオニス)(Corynebacterium ammoniagenes (Corynebacterium stationis))
ブレビバクテリウム・アルバム(Brevibacterium album)
ブレビバクテリウム・セリナム(Brevibacterium cerinum)
ミクロバクテリウム・アンモニアフィラム(Microbacterium ammoniaphilum)
Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum ATCC 13870
Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum ATCC 15806
Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATCC 21511
Corynebacterium callunae ATCC 15991
Corynebacterium casei JCM 12072
Corynebacterium crenatum AS1.542
Corynebacterium flavescens ATCC 10340
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13020, ATCC 13032, ATCC 13060, ATCC 13869, FERM BP-734
Corynebacterium lilium ATCC 15990
Corynebacterium melassecola ATCC 17965
Corynebacterium efficiens (Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes) AJ12340 (FERM BP-1539)
Corynebacterium herculis ATCC 13868
Brevibacterium casei ATCC 35513
Brevibacterium divaricatum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 14020
Brevibacterium flavum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13826, ATCC 14067, AJ12418 (FERM BP-2205)
Brevibacterium immariophilum ATCC 14068
Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) ATCC 13869
Brevibacterium roseum ATCC 13825
Brevibacterium saccharolyticum ATCC 14066
Brevibacterium thiogenitalis ATCC 19240
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes (Corynebacterium stationis) ATCC 6871, ATCC 6872
Brevibacterium album ATCC 15111
Brevibacterium cerinum ATCC 15112
Microbacterium ammoniaphilum ATCC 15354
本発明のプログラムは、本発明の方法に含まれる工程をコンピュータに実行させるプログラムである。
発酵槽に水を大容量または小容量入れて通気し、GHUの程度と通気量の関係を確認した。小容量は、大容量に対し55.6%(v/v)の量とした。その結果、GHUの程度は、通気量を変数とする1次式または2次式により算出できることが明らかとなった。
GHU [%] = 0.1529X + 9.3937 ・・・(I)
GHU [%] = 17.919+0.4X + (-0032)X^2 ・・・(II)
X [Nm3/min] = (通気量[m3/min]*101.3*(273+温度[℃])/(101.3+内圧[kPa]+(液深[mm]/1000*0.0999)101.3/1.033)*273) ・・・(III)
E. coliのL-アルギニン生産菌を通気撹拌培養により好気的に培養し、L-アルギニン発酵を実施した。培養中、泡面の位置をレーザーで測定した。レーザーによる測定は、発酵槽の上部に設けたガラス製の透過部(以下、「ルッキンググラス」ともいう)を介して実施した。また、培養中、(1)で決定した関係式(II)に従い、通気量に基づきGHU液面の位置を計算で求めた。泡面の位置とGHU液面の位置から泡層の厚みを算出した。
比較例では、培養中、予め設定した量および頻度で消泡剤(Af)の添加を間欠的に実施した。消泡剤の添加量は1回当たり培養開始時の培地量に対して約2.1×10-5%(v/v)とし、消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルはCT22.3~34.4%では3600sec、CT34.4~46.4%では1800sec、CT46.4~68.8%では600sec、CT68.8%~培養終了の期間では100secとした。「CT」とは、培養時間を意味し、培養開始時を0%、培養終了時を100%とする相対値として示す。
試験例1~3では、培養中、算出された泡層の厚みに応じて消泡剤(Af)の添加を自動制御した。なお、L-アルギニン生産の酸素消費量(酸素消費速度)のピークはCT25.8~43.0%にあるため、自動制御の期間はCT56.7%以後とした。これは、消泡剤の添加の増大による酸素消費の増大を防止し、以て低溶存酸素濃度となることを防止するためである。消泡剤の添加量は1回当たり培養開始時の培地量に対して約2.1×10-5%(v/v)とした。消泡剤の添加の制御は、泡層の厚みの上限値(以下、「SV」ともいう)を用いて実施した。SVとしては、SV1とSV2を用いた。SV1は、発酵槽内部高さを100%とする相対値として、SV2の3.4%下に設定した。SV1による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルは、SV2による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルの2倍とした。SVによる消泡剤の添加の制御は以下の通りである:泡層の厚みがSV1を超えた場合、消泡剤を添加してSV1のタイマーのカウントを開始し、SV1のタイマーがSV1による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル(ここでは、SV2による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルの2倍)に到達する度に消泡剤をさらに添加する;SV1のタイマーのカウント中に泡層の厚みがSV1未満となった場合はSV1のタイマーのカウントをリセットし最初に戻る;SV1のタイマーのカウント中に泡層の厚みがSV2を超えた場合、使用するSVをSV2に切り替え、消泡剤を添加してSV2のタイマーのカウントを開始し、SV2のタイマーがSV2による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル(ここでは、後述するタイムサイクル)に到達する度に消泡剤をさらに添加する;SV2のタイマーのカウント中に泡層の厚みがSV2未満となった場合はSV2のタイマーのカウントをリセットし、使用するSVをSV1に切り替える;以下、繰り返し。
上述した通り、泡層の厚みに応じて消泡剤の添加を自動制御することにより泡層の厚みを制御できることが明らかとなった。試験例1~3の結果から、CT56.7~68.8%では、消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルを40sec程度に設定すれば、泡層の厚みを13.7~17.2%に制御するのに十分であることが明らかとなった。CT68.8%以降では、消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクルは、目標とする泡層の厚みに応じて設定する必要があった。
上記(2)と同一の手順で、L-アルギニン発酵を実施し、培養中の泡層の厚みを算出した。
比較例のL-アルギニン発酵は5バッチで実施し(n=5)、上記(2)の比較例と同一の条件で消泡剤を添加した。
試験例のL-アルギニン発酵は5バッチで実施し(n=5;試験例1~5)、CT22.0%以降に以下の条件で消泡剤を添加した。SVによる消泡剤の添加の制御は上記(2)に記載の通りである。消泡剤の添加量は1回当たり培養開始時の培地量に対して約2.1×10-5%(v/v)とした。
CT21.4~52.6%:SV1=27.5%、SV2=29.8%、SV1による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル=600sec、SV2による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル=300sec。
CT52.6~65.8%:タイムサイクル400secで消泡剤を恒常添加。
CT65.8%~培養終了:SV1=12.6%、SV2=14.9%、SV1による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル=100sec、SV2による消泡剤の添加のタイムサイクル=40sec。
比較例および試験例の培養データを表2に示す。表中、データは、比較例のデータの平均値を100%とする相対値として示す。また、本実施例の条件では、発泡の自動制御は、発酵成績(具体的には、培養時間や収率)には影響しなかったが、酸素使用量、通気量、および消泡剤使用量の削減に寄与し、発酵における酸素の利用効率を向上させた。
Claims (33)
- 発酵を制御する装置であって、
下記手段(A)~(C)を備える、装置:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する手段;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する手段;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する手段。 - 前記発酵が、通気培養により実施される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記手段(A)が、レーザー、電波、または超音波を利用して前記泡面を検出する手段である、請求項1または2に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡の程度が、泡層の厚みとして算出される、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記泡層の厚みが、前記泡面の位置と液面の位置の差として算出される、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 前記液面の位置が、理論的に算出される、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記液面の位置が、通気量に応じて補正された値として算出される、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡の制御が、発泡の程度が大きい場合に発泡を減少させること、発泡の程度が小さい場合に発泡を増大させること、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡の制御が、消泡剤の添加を制御することにより実施される、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記消泡剤の添加の制御が、消泡剤の添加速度の増減、消泡剤の添加頻度の増減、消泡剤の1回あたりの添加量の増減、消泡剤の添加タイミングの変更、またはそれらの組み合わせにより実施される、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記発泡の制御が、理想的な発泡の程度に基づいて実施される、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 発酵装置と組み合わせて利用される、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- さらに、発酵槽を備える、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記発酵槽が、透過部を備え、
前記透過部が、前記手段(A)が利用する信号に対して透過性である部位である、請求項13に記載の装置。 - 前記透過部の発酵槽内側の面が、防曇剤でコーティングされている、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 前記防曇剤が、光触媒である、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記光触媒が、酸化チタンである、請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記発酵により目的物質が生産される、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記目的物質が、有機化合物である、請求項18に記載の装置。
- 前記目的物質が、アミノ酸、核酸、有機酸、タンパク質、またはビタミンである、請求項18または19に記載の装置。
- 前記目的物質が、L-アミノ酸である、請求項18~20のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記目的物質が、L-アルギニンである、請求項18~21のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記発酵が、好気的に実施される、請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 発酵を制御する方法であって、
下記工程(A)~(C)を含む、方法:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する工程;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する工程;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する工程。 - 発酵により目的物質を製造する方法であって、
下記工程(A)~(C)の実施により発酵を制御する工程を含む、方法:
(A)発酵時の泡面を非接触的に検出する工程;
(B)前記検出の結果に基づき発泡の程度を算出する工程;
(C)前記算出の結果に基づき発泡を制御する工程。 - 前記工程(A)~(C)が、請求項1~23のいずれか1項に記載の装置を利用して実施される、請求項24または25に記載の方法。
- さらに、発酵工程を含み、
前記発酵工程が、前記発酵を実施する工程であり、
前記工程(A)~(C)が、前記発酵工程中に実施される、請求項24~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記発酵工程が、目的物質生産能を有する微生物を培地で培養して目的物質を生成する工程である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記目的物質を回収する工程を含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、細菌または酵母である、請求項28または29に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、腸内細菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)に属する細菌、バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、またはコリネ型細菌である、請求項28~30のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、エシェリヒア(Escherichia)属細菌、エンテロバクター(Enterobacter)属、パントエア(Pantoea)属、バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、またはコリネバクテリウム(Corynebacterium)属細菌である、請求項28~31のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)、エンテロバクター・アグロメランス(Enterobacter agglomerans)、パントエア・アナナティス(Pantoea ananatis)、バチルス・サブチリス(Bacillus subtilis)、バチルス・アミロリケファシエンス(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム(Corynebacterium glutamicum)、またはコリネバクテリウム・スタティオニス(Corynebacterium stationis)である、請求項28~32のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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JPS62262985A (ja) * | 1986-05-08 | 1987-11-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 発酵槽 |
JP2001046082A (ja) * | 1999-06-03 | 2001-02-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アルギニンの製造法 |
JP2006115760A (ja) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-05-11 | Olympus Corp | 細胞培養装置及び光学的観察装置 |
JP2010220499A (ja) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-10-07 | Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd | 反応液の気泡検知方法及び消泡装置 |
WO2012108493A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | 協和発酵バイオ株式会社 | 発酵法による目的物質の製造法 |
US20170348616A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-12-07 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Side-stream foam monitor and control system |
-
2021
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JPS62262985A (ja) * | 1986-05-08 | 1987-11-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 発酵槽 |
JP2001046082A (ja) * | 1999-06-03 | 2001-02-20 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アルギニンの製造法 |
JP2006115760A (ja) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-05-11 | Olympus Corp | 細胞培養装置及び光学的観察装置 |
JP2010220499A (ja) * | 2009-03-19 | 2010-10-07 | Meiji Milk Prod Co Ltd | 反応液の気泡検知方法及び消泡装置 |
WO2012108493A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-08-16 | 協和発酵バイオ株式会社 | 発酵法による目的物質の製造法 |
US20170348616A1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-12-07 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Side-stream foam monitor and control system |
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