WO2022230971A1 - コロナウイルスに対する免疫応答を誘発する人工アジュバントベクター細胞、および当該細胞を含む医薬組成物、並びにそれらの使用 - Google Patents
コロナウイルスに対する免疫応答を誘発する人工アジュバントベクター細胞、および当該細胞を含む医薬組成物、並びにそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to artificial adjuvant vector cells that induce an immune response against coronavirus, pharmaceutical compositions containing such cells, and uses thereof.
- a method of inducing antigen-specific immunity in living organisms is being developed as a method of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and tumors.
- specific immunity to the target antigen can be induced in vivo by pulsing transformant cells co-expressing the target antigen and CD1d with a CD1d ligand.
- SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor of host cells (especially type II alveolar epithelial cells) via the spike protein and infects the host cells.
- the spike protein has an internal Furin cleavage site that enhances infectivity and virulence (Non-Patent Document 1). It has been disclosed that mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 currently on the market induce antigen-specific antibodies but cannot induce antigen-specific T cells (see Non-Patent Document 2). On the other hand, induction of CTLs (i.e., CD8 T cells) was able to suppress COVID-19-induced symptoms in immunocompromised subjects and markedly impaired antibody responses to B cells and SARS-CoV-2. It has been disclosed that CD8 T cells showed reduced mortality in patients (Non-Patent Document 3).
- the present disclosure provides artificial adjuvant vector cells that induce an immune response against coronavirus, pharmaceutical compositions containing such cells, and uses thereof.
- the present disclosure also provides artificial adjuvant vector cells that induce an immune response against two different antigens, pharmaceutical compositions containing such cells, and uses thereof.
- artificial adjuvant vector cells that elicit immune responses against coronaviruses can induce antigen-specific antibodies, as well as antigen-specific immune cells (especially antigen-specific cells) in spleen and lung tissue. T cells) were found to induce.
- the following inventions are provided.
- a cell expressing CD1d on the cell surface said CD1d binding a CD1d ligand and further expressing an antigen, wherein the antigen is a coronavirus spike protein or a fragment thereof, whereby A cell capable of inducing spike protein-specific immunity (preferably in lung tissue).
- the spike protein comprises S1 and S2.
- the cell according to (1) or (2) above which further expresses an additional antigen.
- the cell according to (3) above, wherein the additional antigen is a cancer antigen.
- a composition comprising the cell according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
- composition according to (5) above for use in inducing antigen-specific antibodies and antigen-specific T cells (7) The composition according to (5) above for use in inducing antigen-specific T cells in lung tissue.
- the composition according to (6) or (7) above, wherein the antigen-specific T cells are antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells.
- the composition according to any one of (6) to (8) above, wherein the antigen-specific T cells are selected from the group consisting of effector T cells and effector memory T cells.
- composition according to any one of (6) to (10) above which is administered to a subject refractory to a vaccine comprising lipid vesicles containing an effective amount of mRNA encoding a spike protein.
- composition according to any one of (6) to (11) above which is administered to a subject who has undergone anticancer drug therapy.
- the composition according to (11) or (12) above, wherein the subject does not significantly induce antibody production against the vaccine.
- a method of inducing antigen-specific immunity in a subject comprising: an effective amount of aAVC expressing a first antigen a first antigen (e.g., betacoronavirus S protein) and a second antigen (e.g., an antigen not associated with betacoronavirus, e.g., a tumor-associated antigen) to the subject thereby inducing antigen-specific immunity against said tumor-associated antigen and betacoronavirus S protein in said subject;
- the first antigen and the second antigen are different (the first antigen and the second antigen are, for example, derived from different proteins of the same biological species, preferably orthologs of different biological species, more preferably different derived from proteins of different species),
- the aAVC expresses CD1d
- the CD1d is pulsed with a CD1d ligand.
- aAVC expressing a first antigen (e.g., betacoronavirus S protein) and a second antigen (e.g., an antigen not associated with betacoronavirus, e.g., a tumor-associated antigen); thereby inducing antigen-specific immunity against the betacoronavirus S protein in the lung tissue of the subject;
- aAVC expresses CD1d, wherein the CD1d is pulsed with a CD1d ligand, a method ⁇ preferably the first antigen is a tumor-associated antigen and the second antigen is the betacoronavirus S protein ⁇ .
- the method according to (19) above The subject is injected with an effective amount of aAVC expressing a first antigen (e.g., betacoronavirus S protein) and a second antigen (e.g., an antigen not associated with betacoronavirus, e.g., a tumor-associated antigen) in lung tissue ( (e.g., intrathoracic) or to non-pulmonary tissue (e.g., intravenous), thereby inducing antigen-specific immunity to the betacoronavirus S protein in the lung tissue of the subject;
- a method wherein the aAVC expresses CD1d, and the CD1d is pulsed with a CD1d ligand.
- (37) is capable of inducing a comparable strength of specific immunity to the first antigen compared to aAVC that express the first antigen and do not or substantially do not express the second antigen;
- the method according to any one of (31) to (34) above. (38) capable of inducing a comparable strength of specific immunity to a second antigen compared to aAVC that express the second antigen and do not or substantially do not express the first antigen;
- the method according to any one of (15) to (20) above. (39) can induce a comparable strength of specific immunity to a second antigen compared to aAVC that express the second antigen and do not or substantially do not express the first antigen;
- the method according to any one of (31) to (34) above. (40) A composition or pharmaceutical composition for use in the method according to any one of (31) to (39) above.
- a vaccine (especially a coronavirus vaccine) comprising the cell according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
- (42) A vaccine (particularly, a coronavirus vaccine) comprising the cell according to (4) above.
- (43) A vaccine (particularly a cancer vaccine), comprising the cells of (4) above.
- (44) A vaccine for preventing or treating cancer or for preventing or treating coronavirus infection, comprising the cell according to (4) above.
- FIG. 4 shows in vivo induction of NKT cells by an exemplary aAVC of the disclosure that expressed the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (aAVC-CoV2).
- aAVC-CoV2 shows the evaluation schedule for CTL induction and antibody (Ab) induction by aAVC-CoV2 administration. Induction of specific antibodies against S1 after administration of aAVC-CoV2. Induction of specific antibodies against S2 after administration of aAVC-CoV2.
- FIG. 2 shows experimental schemes for induction of vasculature CTL in mice and CTL induction in lung tissue after administration of aAVC-CoV2.
- 7 days (7d) after administration of aAVC-CoV2 anti-CD45 antibody was injected into the tail vein to allow the anti-CD45 antibody to bind to CTL in the vasculature, and lung tissue was collected 5 minutes after administration to determine the number of CTL in lung tissue.
- Test induction Data for lung tissue from untreated mice (naive) are shown.
- the lower left panel shows that a CD45-positive fraction, intravascular CTL obtained from lung tissue, and a negative fraction, CTL infiltrating lung tissue, can be separated.
- Lower right panel shows CD62L and CD44 expression on non-vascular and infiltrating CTL. Data from mice after administration of aAVC-CoV2 are shown.
- the lower left panel shows a CD45-positive fraction (vascular fraction; vascular), which is CTL in blood vessels obtained from lung tissue, and a negative fraction (infiltrating fraction; infiltrating), which is CTL infiltrating lung tissue. shows that it can be divided into
- the lower right panel shows CD62L and CD44 expression on intravascular and infiltrating CTL.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a procedure for making an exemplary aAVC of the present disclosure that expressed cancer antigens in addition to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
- FIG. 3 shows changes in tumor volume (mm 3 ) in OVA-expressing tumor graft models administered with aAVC-OVA-CoV-2.
- aAVC-OVA changes in tumor volume in an OVA-expressing tumor graft model administered with aAVC (aAVC-OVA) in which only OVA is forcibly expressed in aAVC are compared with the above changes in volume.
- FIG. 1 depicts aAVC that co-expressed TAA protein and spike protein intracellularly and expressed CD1d pulsed with CD1d ligand on the cell surface.
- Antigen-specific immune induction by aAVC in mice (upper panel) and experimental scheme for verification of antitumor effect (lower panel) are shown.
- Figure 3 shows the anti-tumor effect induced by aAVC.
- Figure 3 shows the anti-tumor effect induced by aAVC.
- aAVC artificial adjuvant vector cells
- aAVC can be readily made by one skilled in the art using methods known in the art. Specifically, aAVC can be obtained by culturing CD1d-expressing cells in the presence of a CD1d ligand. If the cell is a human cell, the CD1d can be human CD1d. ⁇ -galactosylceramide ( ⁇ -GalCer) can be used as a CD1d ligand.
- aAVC are human cells that express exogenous or endogenous CD1d and load CD1d on the cell surface with ⁇ -GalCer.
- a "subject” is a vertebrate and can be, for example, mammals, including humans, such as mammals infected with SARS-CoV-2 (cats, ferrets, bats, and pangolins).
- the subject can be a subject infected with SARS-CoV-2, can be an asymptomatic carrier infected with SARS-CoV-2, a subject infected with SARS-CoV-2 and who has developed COVID-19. could be.
- the subject may be a subject at risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2 or at risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2.
- Subjects can be children (e.g., infants (1-6 years old), school children (6-12 years old), adolescents (12 years old and older), adults (20 years old and older).
- Adults are 30 years and older. , 40 years of age or older, 50 years of age or older, 60 years of age or older, or 70 years of age or older.
- coronavirus refers to a virus belonging to the subfamily Orthocoronavirus, the order Nidoviridae, the family Coronaviridae, and is a single-stranded positive-strand RNA virus. Coronaviruses have spike protein protrusions (S proteins) on the virus surface and are named coronaviruses because their appearance resembles the corona of the sun. In humans, it causes respiratory infections, including the common cold.
- S proteins spike protein protrusions
- the orthocoronavirus subfamily coronaviruses are broadly divided into alphacoronaviruses, betacoronaviruses, gammacoronaviruses, and deltacoronaviruses.
- SARS-related coronaviruses are classified as betacoronaviruses.
- SARS-related coronaviruses include SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
- SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since the end of 2019.
- the SARS-associated coronavirus infects host cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor of host cells via the S protein.
- SARS-related coronaviruses have a common infection mechanism in that they use ACE receptors to infect cells.
- the SARS-CoV-2 S protein has an internal furin cleavage site that enhances infectivity and virulence (Andersen et al., Nature Medicine, 26, 450-452, 2020).
- SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that caused the pandemic caused in 2020.
- WHO World Health Organization
- SARS-CoV-2 the coronavirus that caused the pandemic caused in 2020.
- WHO World Health Organization
- ICTV the International Commission on Taxonomy of Viruses
- Coronaviruses can cause serious respiratory illnesses, from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
- SARS common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome
- MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome
- the WHO has named the disease caused by this new coronavirus COVID-19.
- the International Commission on Taxonomy of Viruses places SARS-CoV-2 in the genus Betacoronavirus, the same species (or its sister lineage) as SARS-CoV.
- Virus particles have a particle size of about 50 to 200 nm, and contain spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, membrane protein, envelope protein, and viral genomic RNA, like common coronaviruses. Nucleocapsid proteins are complexed with RNA and surrounded by lipid-bound spike, membrane, and envelope proteins to form the virion envelope. The spike protein, located on the outermost surface of the envelope, is thought to bind to ACE2 receptors on the cell surface and promote cell infection.
- SARS-CoV-2 There are people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but do not develop symptoms of the disease, and are called asymptomatic carriers. It has been pointed out that asymptomatic pathogen carriers may infect others with the virus they carry. It has been noted that infection with SARS-CoV-2 reduces or eliminates the sense of smell and/or taste. SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome. In severe acute respiratory syndrome, fever of about 40°C, cough, and shortness of breath have been reported as main symptoms. A prominent complication is pneumonia. Presence or absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly determined by PCR test.
- This PCR test evaluates whether or not the SARS-CoV-2 gene exists in the body, depending on whether or not the band is amplified specifically for SARS-CoV-2.
- Treatments against SARS-CoV-2 include antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g. remdesivir), steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. dexamethasone), and inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6 inhibition). agents such as anti-IL-6 antibodies, TNF- ⁇ inhibitors such as etanercept).
- spike protein refers to the protein encoded at positions 21563-25384 of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, which has been registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as GenBank accession number: MN908947.3 or It may be a protein having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has an amino acid sequence registered with NCBI as GenBank accession number: QHD43416.1.
- the spike protein comprises S1 and S2, with S1 occurring at positions 13-541 of the above amino acid sequence and S2 occurring at positions 543-1208 of the above amino acid sequence.
- S1 further has an N-terminal domain (NTD) and a receptor binding domain (RBD), with the NTD at positions 13-304 and the RBD at positions 319-541 of the above amino acid sequence.
- NTD N-terminal domain
- RBD receptor binding domain
- S1 and S2 are cleaved intracellularly, produced as separate peptides, and form a complex during virus particle formation.
- Spike proteins are also called S proteins.
- any spike protein (having an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence registered with NCBI as GenBank accession number: QHD43416.1) possessed by natural viruses (including, for example, mutant viruses) can be used. can be done.
- peptide means a polymer of amino acids. Polymers generally do not have branches.
- a "partial peptide” means a part of a specific peptide.
- Peptides and partial peptides can be produced from nucleic acids encoding the peptides. Peptides and partial peptides can also be chemically synthesized. Peptides and partial peptides have also been isolated, enriched, or purified. Isolation means separating peptides and partial peptides from at least other components, and purification means at least selectively separating peptides and partial peptides. Enriched means that the concentration of peptides and partial peptides is increased.
- compositions are a mixture of one or more ingredients.
- a composition can include, for example, a partial peptide and an aqueous solvent (eg, water).
- the composition may further comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- an immunogenic composition is a composition that can be administered to a subject to elicit an immune response in that subject. Immunogenic compositions can be used to elicit an immune response in a subject. Immunogenic compositions can elicit an immune response in a subject and can be used as vaccines.
- the immunogenic compositions of the invention can be used to elicit an immune response against a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2) or a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2). 2) as a vaccine or as a therapeutic agent.
- a SARS-related coronavirus eg, SARS-CoV-2
- a SARS-related coronavirus eg, SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2 a SARS-related coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2 SARS-related coronavirus
- treatment includes prophylactic treatment and therapeutic treatment.
- Therapeutic treatment may be directed against infected virus, and prophylactic treatment may be directed to prevent future infection or to delay the onset of COVID-19 due to future infection, or to prevent COVID-19 from onset. It can be done to reduce symptoms.
- Therapeutic treatment may be directed at symptomatic patients or asymptomatic carriers. Prophylactic treatment may be given to uninfected persons.
- exogenous refers to the artificial introduction of a gene or nucleic acid into a target cell by manipulation such as genetic engineering or gene introduction, and The terms are used interchangeably to refer to genes or nucleic acids that have been introduced into , as well as their expressed proteins.
- a foreign gene can be operably linked to a promoter sequence that drives expression of the gene.
- endogenous or “intrinsic” means inherent in the cell.
- a human-derived cell means that the cell is a cell obtained from a human, or a cell line obtained by subculturing the cell, for example, a human cell. do.
- a protein fragment derived from the S protein can be a fragment having a portion of the amino acid sequence of the S protein.
- aAVC that express the coronavirus spike protein
- the present disclosure provides a cell that has expressed CD1d on its cell surface, said CD1d binding a CD1d ligand and further expressing an antigen, wherein the antigen is a coronavirus spike protein or its Cells are provided that are fragments and thereby can induce spike protein-specific immunity.
- the cells are mammalian, preferably primate, and more preferably human (or human).
- a cell is an isolated cell.
- aAVC can present CD1d bound to CD1d ligand to NKT cells in vivo.
- the coronavirus can be a SARS-associated coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- Cells used in the present invention are, for example, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, lung, pancreas, kidney, liver, thymus, spleen, prostate, ovary, uterus, bone marrow, skin, muscle, peripheral blood, as long as they have proliferative ability. It may be cells derived from any human tissue such as. In one embodiment, the human-derived cells used in the present invention are non-blood cells. The cells used in the present invention are specific cell types in tissues (e.g., epithelial cells, endothelial cells, epidermal cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, adipose tissue, mammary cells, mesangial cells, pancreatic ⁇ cells, nerve cells).
- tissues e.g., epithelial cells, endothelial cells, epidermal cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, adipose tissue, mammary cells, mesangial cells, pancreatic ⁇ cells, nerve cells
- Cells used in the present invention may be normal cells or cancer cells.
- the cells used in the present invention are normal cells.
- the cells used in the present invention are human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells (J. Gen. Virol.; 1977; 36:59-74), WI-38 cells, SC-01MFP cells. , or MRC-5 cells, as well as cells derived therefrom.
- the human-derived cells used in the present invention are HEK293 cell-derived cells.
- the human-derived cells used in the present invention are HEK293 cells or FreeStyle TM 293-F cells. These cells may preferably be cells conditioned in serum-free medium.
- Cells used in the present invention can be, for example, alveolar epithelial cells, particularly type II alveolar epithelial cells. By using type II alveolar epithelial cells, an S protein that is more similar to the S protein produced in vivo can be produced. Cells used in the present invention often express furin, but may additionally express furin.
- the aAVC are preferably human-derived cells.
- the cells used in the present invention are tissue-derived immortalized cells or cell lines. Immortalized cells and cell lines can be produced using methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the CD1d used in the present invention may be naturally occurring CD1d.
- CD1d may be CD1d endogenously expressed in the cells used, or CD1d exogenously expressed in the cells used.
- expression means expression anywhere in the cell, and in one embodiment expression on the cell surface.
- aAVC express exogenous CD1d.
- the CD1d used in the present invention is CD1d from a mammal (eg, human, monkey, mouse, rat, dog, chimpanzee, etc.).
- the CD1d used in the present invention is human CD1d.
- human CD1d is a protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2.
- the human CD1d is 1 or several in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, in some embodiments 1-10, 1-7, 1-5, 1-3, or 1
- It is a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence in which ⁇ 2 amino acids have been deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added, and having the functions of CD1d.
- the human CD1d has at least 90% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4. It is a protein consisting of a sequence and having the functions of CD1d.
- CD1d Functions of CD1d include the ability to bind to CD1d ligands (eg, ⁇ -GalCer).
- CD1d ligands eg, ⁇ -GalCer
- the ability of CD1d to bind a CD1d ligand can be readily assessed by those skilled in the art using known methods.
- the function of CD1d can also be evaluated using the ability of aAVC to activate human NKT cells as an index.
- the ability to activate human NKT cells can be evaluated by the method described in Patent Document 1 or Example 4 of the present application.
- aAVC can express multiple different antigens.
- aAVC for example, express multiple (two or more) separate peptide antigens.
- Peptide antigens may be encoded by one mRNA or may be encoded by separate mRNAs.
- a peptide antigen may be translated as one protein or as separate proteins.
- Peptide antigens may be linked by, for example, intracellularly cleavable linkers (referred to as cleavable linkers).
- Peptide antigens may be linked by, for example, a linker that is not cleaved intracellularly (referred to as a non-cleavable linker).
- intracellularly cleavable linker examples include, but are not limited to, 2A peptide (DXEXNPGP; peptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, e.g., T2A: EGRGSLLTCG DVEENPGP (SEQ ID NO: 4), P2A: ATNFSLLKQAG DVEENPGP (SEQ ID NO: 5), E2A: QCTNYALLKLAG DVESNPGP (SEQ ID NO: 6), and F2A: VKQTLNFDLLKLAG DVESNPGP (SEQ ID NO: 7)), and furin cleavage sites (e.g., RXXR, especially RXK/RR, e.g., RARR, and RVRR, preferably RARR) and peptides having amino acid sequences corresponding to these.
- X represents any amino acid.
- Amino acids include A, H, I, L, K, M, F, T, W, V, R, C, Q
- aAVC express multiple (two or more) separate peptide antigens.
- the aAVC expresses the S1 and/or S2 portions of the spike protein.
- aAVC expresses the S1 and/or S2 portions of the spike protein, but may also express additional antigens (eg, cancer antigens).
- the aAVC expresses the S1 and S2 portions of the spike protein, which are linked via a cleavable or non-cleavable linker, or directly without a linker. .
- aAVC expresses the S1 and S2 portions of the spike protein as separate peptides.
- aAVC when aAVC expresses multiple separate peptide antigens, it can induce an immune response specific to any of the multiple separate peptides. This means that the virus can be treated if the induction of immunity to any of the multiple separate peptides is not circumvented by viral mutation in infectious disease control, which may guarantee a robust response to aAVC mutation. .
- aAVC can also induce both B- and T-cell immunity (e.g., CD4-single-positive CD44 hi CD62L - cells and CD8-single-positive CD44 hi CD62L - cells), and thus far mRNA vaccines induce only B-cell immunity.
- B- and T-cell immunity e.g., CD4-single-positive CD44 hi CD62L - cells and CD8-single-positive CD44 hi CD62L - cells
- far mRNA vaccines induce only B-cell immunity.
- aAVC may be particularly useful in age-related and immune-compromised subjects,
- the spike protein can be the spike protein expressed in SARS-related coronaviruses (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- SARS-CoV-2 is the spike protein registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) as GenBank accession number: MN908947.3 or 90% or more, 91% or more, 92% thereof It may be a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein having an amino acid sequence that is greater than, 93% or greater, 94% or greater, 95% or greater, 96% or greater, 97% or greater, 98% or greater, or 99% or greater identity.
- aAVC is phagocytosed by dendritic cells in the body, and the protein expressed in aAVC cells is degraded into peptides of several amino acids to about 10 amino acids, which are presented as antigens by dendritic cells. Since it is such partial peptides that are presented as antigens, the peptides to be expressed in aAVC may be the partial peptides.
- the antigen can be a portion (eg, partial peptide) of the spike protein of a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- a partial peptide having the amino acid sequence of the spike protein at the position corresponding to the sequence is a SARS-related coronavirus (for example, SARS-CoV-2) in a natural variant of the spike protein of the SARS-related coronavirus (for example, SARS-CoV-2). It has an amino acid sequence aligned at the corresponding position when aligned with the partial peptide of the spike protein of CoV-2).
- the partial peptide may, in certain aspects, include a partial peptide of S1 corresponding to the RBD or a portion thereof.
- the partial peptide may include a partial peptide of S1 corresponding to a non-RBD of S1 (eg, NTD) or a portion thereof.
- a partial peptide may, in certain aspects, include S2 or a portion thereof.
- a partial peptide has a length of, for example, 10 amino acids or more, 20 amino acids or more, or 30 amino acids or more.
- the spike protein comprises S1 and S2.
- aAVC expressing the spike protein can express the spike protein intracellularly.
- aAVC is destroyed by NKT cells in the body, and when phagocytosed by dendritic cells, the dendritic cells mature, migrate to lymphoid tissue, and activate the adaptive immune system such as T cells in the lymphoid tissue. Therefore, the spike protein may be presented extracellularly, but does not necessarily have to be presented extracellularly.
- the antigen should be expressed intracellularly.
- the antigen can be the spike protein, which includes the full length of S1 and S2. In some aspects, the antigen may be glycosylated.
- aAVC comprises a polynucleotide encoding CD1d and a polynucleotide encoding spike protein or a portion thereof.
- Polynucleotides can be DNA or RNA.
- the polynucleotide encoding CD1d and the polynucleotide encoding the spike protein or a portion thereof are each operably linked to regulatory sequences and can be expressed in aAVC. can.
- the polynucleotide is DNA
- the polynucleotide encoding the spike protein (and optionally CD1d) operably linked to regulatory sequences can be incorporated into an expression vector.
- CD1d does not need to be re-supplied externally if the cells express it endogenously.
- a polynucleotide encoding CD1d may be introduced into the cell, whether or not the cell endogenously expresses CD1d.
- Introduction of these polynucleotides into cells can be performed by methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, electroporation, calcium phosphate precipitation, lipofection, and the like are known methods for introducing polynucleotides into cells.
- Polynucleotides may be introduced into cells using viral vectors (eg, lentiviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, etc.).
- a promoter that promotes constant expression or a promoter that is induced by drugs can be used.
- promoters that promote constant expression include virus-derived promoters such as CMV (cytomegalovirus), RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), SV40 (simian virus 40), actin promoter, EF (elongation factor) 1 ⁇ promoter, and the like. be done.
- inducible promoters include tetracycline response elements (TRE3G promoter), Cumate operator sequences, ⁇ operator sequences (12 ⁇ Op), heat shock promoters, and the like, and can be used in the present invention.
- An expression vector may contain a start codon and a stop codon. In this case, it may contain enhancer sequences, untranslated regions, splice junctions, polyadenylation sites, replicable units, and the like.
- the expression vector may contain a gene that can serve as a marker for confirming the expression of the gene of interest (for example, a drug resistance gene, a gene encoding a reporter enzyme, or a gene encoding a fluorescent protein, etc.).
- the antigen comprises the spike protein S1. In one aspect, the antigen comprises the spike protein S2. In one aspect, the antigen comprises the spike proteins S1 and S2.
- the spike proteins S1 and S2 have a cleavage site for a protease present in the cell between S1 and S2.
- the proteolytic enzyme is furin in the native spike protein.
- the aAVC expresses a first antigen and a second antigen, wherein the first antigen and the second antigen are different and expresses the first antigen and does not express the second antigen. or can induce an equivalent strength of specific immunity against the first antigen compared to substantially non-expressing aAVC.
- the aAVC expresses a first antigen and a second antigen, wherein the first antigen and the second antigen are different and expresses the first antigen and does not express the second antigen. or can induce an equivalent strength of specific immunity against the first antigen compared to substantially non-expressing aAVC.
- aAVC expresses an additional antigen (second antigen) in addition to the first antigen (eg, spike protein).
- aAVC expresses an additional antigen (second antigen) intracellularly (eg, intracytoplasmically) in addition to the spike protein.
- second antigen intracellularly (eg, intracytoplasmically) in addition to the spike protein.
- such aAVC expressing multiple different antigens can induce antigen-specific immunity against each antigen in vivo.
- aAVC expressing multiple different antigens can induce an equivalent strength of antigen-specific immunity compared to aAVC expressing only one of the antigens.
- aAVC expressing a spike protein (first antigen) and a second antigen are compared to aAVC expressing the spike protein (with equal intensity) and no or substantially no second antigen.
- aAVC expressing a spike protein (first antigen) and a second antigen do not express or substantially do not express the spike protein
- aAVC expressing the second antigen (at the same intensity) Equivalent strength of antigen-specific immunity can be induced against a second antigen compared to .
- antigen-specific immunity of equal strength means that between two groups to be compared, for example, antigen-specific INF- ⁇ -producing T cells (e.g., CD4-positive T or CD8 positive T cells) differ within ⁇ 50%, within ⁇ 40%, within ⁇ 30%, within ⁇ 20%, within ⁇ 10%, or within ⁇ 5% (here the smaller the difference the better).
- equivalent intensity means that the expression intensity between the two groups to be compared is within ⁇ 50%, within ⁇ 40%, within ⁇ 30%, within ⁇ 20%, within ⁇ 10%, or within ⁇ 5% It means having only differences (where smaller differences are preferred).
- the second antigen may be an endogenous antigen, but preferably an exogenous antigen.
- the aAVC expressing the second antigen comprises a construct comprising, for example, a gene encoding the antigen operably linked to regulatory sequences, although the construct may be a non-naturally occurring construct.
- the antigen comprises a spike protein or portion thereof and an additional antigen.
- AAVC having a spike protein or portion thereof and an additional antigen can induce both spike protein-specific immunity and the additional antigen-specific immunity when administered to a subject.
- the additional antigen can be a tumor-associated antigen (cancer antigen).
- Cancer antigens include, but are not limited to, MART-1/Melan-A, Mage-1, Mage-3, gp100, tyrosinase, CEA, PSA, CA-125, erb-2, Muc-1, Muc-2.
- Antigens of tumors in hematopoietic tissues are not particularly limited, but examples include proteinase 3, WT-1, hTERT, PRAME, PML/RAR-a, DEK/CAN, cyclophilin B, TEL-MAL1, BCR- ABL, OFA-iLRP, Survivin, idiotype, Sperm protein 17, SPAN-Xb, CT-27, and MUC1.
- compositions comprising the aAVC of the present disclosure.
- Compositions of the present disclosure are used to induce antigen-specific immunity in a subject.
- spike protein-specific immunity can be induced.
- Compositions of the present disclosure can induce spike protein-specific antibodies and spike protein-specific T cells.
- the T cells may be cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to produce interferon- ⁇ .
- spike protein-specific T cells can be effector T cells and effector memory T cells.
- spike protein-specific T cells can be (eg, CD4 single positive CD44 hi CD62L ⁇ cells and CD8 single positive CD44 hi CD62L ⁇ cells).
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure may further comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure may comprise radiation (eg, gamma) sterilized aAVC.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can induce antigen-specific immunity in the lung.
- Induction of antigen-specific immunity in the lung by a composition comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can also be achieved when aAVC is administered systemically (eg, intravenously). Since aAVC induces systemic immunity regardless of the route of administration, this suggests that immunity induction in lung tissue is possible regardless of the route of administration.
- Compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure may thereby provide effective protection or treatment against coronaviruses that infect alveolar epithelial cells (eg, SARS-associated coronavirus).
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can be used to prevent or treat coronavirus (eg, SARS-associated coronavirus) infection.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can induce antigen-specific antibodies and antigen-specific T cells with a single administration.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure may be administered in a single dose.
- a composition comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can be administered to a subject multiple times (eg, 2, 3, 4 times). Even a single administration is advantageous in that it can induce antigen-specific antibodies and antigen-specific T cells. Subjects who have received multiple doses can induce stronger antigen-specific immunity from the second and subsequent immunizations.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can induce antigen-specific T cells in addition to antigen-specific antibodies.
- mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 currently on the market induce antigen-specific antibodies, but cannot induce antigen-specific T cells (for example, N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar. 23; see NEJ Mc2102051).
- CTL ie, CD8 T cells
- CTL can suppress COVID-19-induced symptoms in immunocompromised subjects (Res Sq., rs.3.rs-162289, 2021).
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure are substantially free of B-cells and/or exhibit antibody responses to antigens. It can be used to prevent and/or reduce the severity of COVID-19 in subjects who do not substantially exhibit it.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure may be administered to subjects who are substantially free of B cells and/or exhibit substantially no antibody response to the antigen.
- a therapeutic effect is expected by antigen-specific T cell immunity induction in infected subjects.
- compositions comprising aAVCs of the present disclosure can be used to target antigen-specific T cells to a vaccine-refractory subject comprising lipid vesicles comprising an effective amount of mRNA encoding a spike protein. can be used to induce
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure can be administered to subjects who do not exhibit significant antibody production to vaccines. Since the composition containing the aAVC of the present disclosure can induce antigen-specific T cell immunity, such a subject can also obtain a vaccine effect through T cell immunity induction.
- a subject can be, for example, a subject who is refractory to a vaccine comprising lipid vesicles containing an effective amount of mRNA encoding the spike protein, or a subject who has undergone anti-cancer drug therapy.
- compositions comprising aAVC of the present disclosure comprise aAVC expressing an additional antigen (second antigen), wherein the additional antigen is a cancer antigen, to a subject with cancer.
- second antigen additional antigen
- compositions comprising aAVC of this disclosure comprise aAVC expressing an additional antigen, the additional antigen being a cancer antigen, and treating cancer in a subject with cancer. and to induce immunity against coronavirus.
- a subject with cancer may or may not have undergone anticancer drug therapy. Immunity is often impaired or damaged by anticancer drugs in subjects who have received anticancer drug therapy. Also in such subjects, the composition containing the aAVC of the present disclosure can stimulate immunity and exert therapeutic effects on cancer and viral vaccines or therapeutic effects.
- a method for inducing spike protein-specific antibody production in a subject is provided.
- the present disclosure also provides a method of inducing spike protein-specific T cell immunity in a subject.
- methods of inducing T cell immunity in lung tissue of a subject are provided.
- the method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of aAVC of the present disclosure or a composition comprising such aAVC.
- Administration is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, intravenous administration.
- the subject to be treated can be a subject uninfected with a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- a SARS-related coronavirus e.g., SARS-CoV-2
- Administration of aAVC of the present disclosure to a subject not infected with a SARS-associated coronavirus e.g., SARS-CoV-2
- antigen-specific immunity e.g., antigen-specific antibody
- the subject can be a subject infected with a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- a subject can be a subject that has been infected with a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- SARS-CoV-2 a subject that has been infected with a SARS-related coronavirus
- a subject who has been infected with a SARS-related coronavirus can be a subject cured of disease due to a SARS-related coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2) after infection.
- the subject may be refractory to an mRNA vaccine against SARS-associated coronavirus (eg, SARS-CoV-2).
- SARS-associated coronavirus eg, SARS-CoV-2
- Induction of antigen-specific antibodies has been observed with mRNA vaccines, but induction of cell-mediated immunity (especially T-cell immunity) has not been confirmed.
- aAVC of the present disclosure may be effective even if refractory to mRNA vaccines.
- the SARS-related coronavirus may preferably be SARS-CoV-2.
- the subject to be treated can be a patient exhibiting reduced B-cell immunity or reduced antigen-specific antibody responses.
- the subject may be a patient with retained T cell immunity.
- the subject can be a patient who exhibits reduced B-cell immunity, or reduced antigen-specific antibody response, and who retains T-cell immunity.
- a subject can be one that has substantially no B cells and/or exhibits substantially no antibody response to an antigen. In the mode of administration to patients with reduced B-cell immunity and reduced antibody response, therapeutic effects or suppressive effects on severity are expected by antigen-specific T-cell immunity induction in infected subjects.
- Patients exhibiting reduced B-cell immunity, or reduced antigen-specific antibody responses may be tumor-bearing patients, particularly those who have undergone chemotherapy. According to the present disclosure, if either an antigen-specific antibody response or an antigen-specific T cell response is activated, the aAVC of the present disclosure is expected to be effective in preventing infection or treating infectious diseases. can be useful.
- the subject to be treated can be a patient with a tumor.
- Patients with tumors can be administered antigens expressed by the tumor and aAVC expressing the spike protein or a portion thereof.
- a patient with a tumor can be a patient who has undergone chemotherapy.
- a patient with a tumor can be one who exhibits reduced B-cell immunity, or reduced antigen-specific antibody responses.
- Administration to a patient with a tumor may induce antigen-specific antibodies and antigen-specific T cells in the subject in addition to treating the tumor. As a result, a preventive effect against infectious diseases or a preventive effect against aggravation after onset can be expected.
- the subject to be treated can be a human patient aged 60 or older, 65 or older, 70 or older, 75 or older, or 80 or older. These patients often have weakened immunity due to aging. Since aAVC can stimulate not only innate immunity but also the entire adaptive immune system, it can be used to induce antigen-specific immunity in immunocompromised subjects. In addition, if either an antigen-specific antibody response or an antigen-specific T cell response is activated, the aAVC of the present disclosure is expected to be effective in preventing infection or treating an infectious disease, and thus can be useful in a wide range of patients. .
- the subject to be treated can be a human patient aged 60 or older, 65 or older, 70 or older, 75 or older, or 80 or older and who is not infected with coronavirus.
- the subject to be treated can be a human patient aged 60 or older, 65 or older, 70 or older, 75 or older, or 80 or older and infected with coronavirus.
- aAVC-induced T-cell immunity can have a curative effect, prevent progression, and/or reduce severity of the disease.
- aAVC in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for prevention or treatment of coronavirus.
- aAVC is as described above.
- the administration subject of the pharmaceutical composition is as described above.
- compositions are provided for use in the above methods.
- aAVC is provided for use in the above methods.
- Example 1 Preparation of aAVC displaying spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 tried to prepare.
- NIH3T3 cells were transfected with mRNA encoding S protein (SEQ ID NO: 1) as well as mRNA encoding CD1d (SEQ ID NO: 2), CD1d was pulsed with CD1d ligand, aAVC was prepared. Transfection is carried out by adding S protein mRNA and CD1d mRNA to the cell suspension, and electroporating using a NEPA21 electroporator (Nepagene Co., Ltd.) (pouring pulse: voltage 150 V, pulse width 8 ms, pulse interval 50 ms).
- NEPA21 electroporator NEPA21 electroporator
- Spike protein expression was confirmed by Western blotting. The results were as shown in Figure 2A. As shown in FIG. 2A, spike protein was confirmed to be expressed in a dose-dependent manner with the amount of introduced mRNA ( ⁇ g). In addition, CD1d expression was measured by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed using FACS Calibur TM (BD Biosciences) using APC Mouse Anti-Human CD1d antibody (BD Biosciences, Cat.563505). The results were as shown in Figure 2B. As shown in FIG. 2B, CD1d expression was confirmed in 95.3% of aAVC cells.
- Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing the resulting aAVC-CoV2 was then administered to mice via the tail vein.
- the number of cells administered was 2.5 ⁇ 10 7 cells/kg body weight.
- sera were obtained from treated mice in the time series shown in FIG. 3A to perform CTL testing, antibody (Ab) results.
- An additional dose of aAVC-CoV2 at the same dose was given 56 days after the first dose to give a boost immunization. Levels of anti-S1 and anti-S2 antibodies in serum were measured. Measurements were performed by ELISA. The results were as shown in Figures 3B and 3C. As shown in FIG.
- anti-S1 antibody levels increased dramatically after 14 days of treatment, and the amount increased even more dramatically after the boost immunization.
- anti-S2 antibody levels increased dramatically after 14 days of treatment, and the amount increased even more dramatically after the boost immunization.
- aAVC-CoV2 was shown to induce S1- and S2-specific immunity in vivo.
- CD8 T cells The level of CTL (that is, CD8 single-positive T cells, hereinafter referred to as "CD8 T cells”) in the obtained spleen was measured.
- CD8 T cells were obtained from the spleen by CD8 MACS Beads (Miltenyi Biotec).
- As antigen-presenting cells dendritic cells (hereinafter referred to as DC) were obtained from the spleens of naive mice using CD11c MACS Beads (Miltenyi Biotec).
- Peptivator SARS-CoV-2 Prot_S (Miltenyi Biotec) was added as antigen.
- the amount of interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ) produced per 3 ⁇ 10 5 CD8 T cells was measured.
- aAVC-CoV2 induced antigen-specific antibody and T-cell immunity in vivo. This induction was enhanced by boost immunity, suggesting that memory immunity was induced.
- anti-CD45 antibody was tail vein injected 7 days after aAVC-CoV2 treatment. Lungs were harvested after 5 minutes. Since the anti-CD45 antibody binds to blood cells (especially immune cells) present in the vasculature, it can stain these cells present in the vasculature. On the other hand, CTLs that infiltrate tissue are not stained with antibodies, and CTLs can be stained according to their location in the body by tail vein injection of anti-CD45 antibody.
- CD62L-negative, CD44-positive fractions (effector T cells and effector memory cells) accounted for only about 12.6% of the infiltrated CTLs in the untreated group, but infiltrated in the aAVC-CoV2 treated group. It accounted for 87.4% of CTL.
- CTL present in the vasculature in the untreated group, the CD62L-negative, CD44-positive fraction was only about 6%, whereas in the aAVC-CoV2-treated group, the CD62L-negative, CD44-positive fraction was only about 6%. minutes accounted for about 78.9%.
- CD4 T cells obtained from excised lungs were also analyzed in the same manner.
- Example 2 Induction of tumor-specific immunity and virus-specific immunity by aAVC
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and ovalbumin ( OVA)-presenting aAVC (hereinafter referred to as aAVC-OVA-CoV2) was prepared, and it was tested whether the aAVC can induce immunity specific to multiple antigens.
- CD8 T cells were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and IFN- ⁇ production in the presence of dendritic cells (DC) and the antigen peptide was confirmed.
- DC dendritic cells
- Example 3 Antigen-specific CD8-positive T-cell response and antitumor effect by multivalent antigen-expressing aAVC
- aAVC expressing tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and spike protein (aAVC-TAA/CoV-2) was prepared according to Example 1, and its immunity-inducing ability and antitumor effect were evaluated.
- aAVC-TAA/CoV-2 are cells that express TAA (OVA or TRP2) and CoV-2-S protein intracellularly and the CD1d/ ⁇ -GalCer complex on the cell surface (FIG. 7A).
- FIG. 7B shows examination of CD8-positive T cell responses (upper panel) and anti-tumor efficacy test (lower panel).
- CD8 T cells were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and IFN- ⁇ production in the presence of dendritic cells (DC) and the antigen peptide was confirmed.
- DC dendritic cells
- C57BL/6J mice were intravenously administered with 5 ⁇ 10 5 aAVC-OVA/CoV-2.
- FIG. 7C in the aAVC-OVA-CoV2 treatment group, antigen-specific CD8 T cells that activated IFN- ⁇ production were induced against OVA, and IFN- ⁇ production against CoV-2-S protein was induced. It was found that antigen-specific CD8 T cells with activated - ⁇ production were induced.
- the aAVC expressing multiple different antigens in this way can induce antigen-specific immunity against each antigen in vivo.
- aAVC expressing a plurality of different antigens can exhibit immune-inducing effects comparable to aAVC expressing a single antigen.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Example of amino acid sequence of S protein of SARS-CoV-2 SEQ ID NO: 2: Example of amino acid sequence of human CD1d SEQ ID NO: 3: Amino acid sequence of 2A peptide SEQ ID NO: 4: Amino acid sequence of T2A peptide No. 5: amino acid sequence of P2A peptide SEQ ID No. 6: amino acid sequence of E2A peptide SEQ ID No. 7: amino acid sequence of F2A peptide
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Abstract
Description
(1)CD1dを細胞表面に発現した細胞であって、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドを結合しており、抗原をさらに発現し、抗原は、コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質またはその断片であり、これにより、(好ましくは、肺組織において)スパイクタンパク質特異的な免疫を誘導することができる、細胞。
(2)スパイクタンパク質が、S1およびS2を含む、上記(1)に記載の細胞。
(3)追加の抗原をさらに発現する、上記(1)または(2)に記載の細胞。
(4)追加の抗原が、がん抗原である、上記(3)に記載の細胞。
(5)上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の細胞を含む、組成物。
(6)抗原特異的抗体および抗原特異的T細胞を誘導することに用いるための、上記(5)に記載の組成物。
(7)肺組織において抗原特異的T細胞を誘導することに用いるための、上記(5)に記載の組成物。
(8)抗原特異的T細胞が、抗原特異的細胞傷害性T細胞である、上記(6)または(7)に記載の組成物。
(9)抗原特異的T細胞が、エフェクターT細胞およびエフェクターメモリーT細胞からなる群から選択される、上記(6)~(8)のいずれかに記載の組成物。
(10)単回投与される、上記(6)~(9)のいずれかに記載の組成物。
(11)有効量のスパイクタンパク質をコードするmRNAを含む脂質小胞を含むワクチンに対して不応性である対象に投与される、上記(6)~(10)のいずれかに記載の組成物。
(12)抗がん剤療法を受けた対象に投与される、上記(6)~(11)のいずれかに記載の組成物。
(13)対象が、前記ワクチンに対して抗体産生を有意に誘導しない対象である、上記(11)または(12)に記載の組成物。
(14)対象が、前記ワクチンに対して抗体産生を有意に誘導しないことによる重症化リスクを有する対象である、上記(13)に記載の組成物。
当該対象に、第1の抗原第1の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質)と第2の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスに関連しない抗原、例えば、腫瘍関連抗原)を発現するaAVCの有効量を投与し、これにより、当該対象において前記腫瘍関連抗原とベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
第1の抗原と第2の抗原は異なり(第1の抗原と第2の抗原は、例えば、同一生物種の異なるタンパク質に由来し、好ましくは異なる生物種のオーソログに由来し、より好ましくは異なる生物種の異なるタンパク質に由来する)、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法。
(16)前記対象が、がんを有する対象である、上記(15)に記載の方法。
(17)前記対象が、コロナウイルスに感染した対象である、上記(15)に記載の方法。
(18)前記対象が、コロナウイルスに感染し、かつがんを有する対象である、上記(15)に記載の方法。
(19)上記(15)に記載の方法であって、
当該対象に、第1の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質)と第2の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスに関連しない抗原、例えば、腫瘍関連抗原)を発現するaAVCの有効量を投与し、これにより、当該対象の肺組織においてベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法{好ましくは、第1の抗原は、腫瘍関連抗原であり、第2の抗原は、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質である}。
(20)上記(19)に記載の方法であって、
当該対象に、第1の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質)と第2の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスに関連しない抗原、例えば、腫瘍関連抗原)を発現するaAVCの有効量を肺組織(例えば、胸腔内)または肺組織以外(例えば、静脈内)に投与し、これにより、当該対象の肺組織においてベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法。
(21)上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法において用いるための、組成物または医薬組成物。
(32)第2の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスに関連しない抗原、例えば、腫瘍関連抗原)は細胞内に発現している、上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(33)第1の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質)および第2の抗原(例えば、ベータコロナウイルスに関連しない抗原、例えば、腫瘍関連抗原)は細胞内に発現している、上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(34)第1の抗原が、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質であり、第2の抗原が、腫瘍関連抗原である、上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(35)第1の抗原が、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質であり、第2の抗原が、腫瘍関連抗原である、上記(31)~(34)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(36)第1の抗原を発現し、第2の抗原を発現しないまたは実質的に発現しないaAVCと比較して、第1の抗原に対して同等強度の特異的免疫を誘導することができる、上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(37)第1の抗原を発現し、第2の抗原を発現しないまたは実質的に発現しないaAVCと比較して、第1の抗原に対して同等強度の特異的免疫を誘導することができる、上記(31)~(34)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(38)第2の抗原を発現し、第1の抗原を発現しないまたは実質的に発現しないaAVCと比較して、第2の抗原に対して同等強度の特異的免疫を誘導することができる、上記(15)~(20)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(39)第2の抗原を発現し、第1の抗原を発現しないまたは実質的に発現しないaAVCと比較して、第2の抗原に対して同等強度の特異的免疫を誘導することができる、上記(31)~(34)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(40)上記(31)~(39)のいずれかに記載の方法において用いるための、組成物または医薬組成物。
(42)上記(4)に記載の細胞を含む、ワクチン(特に、コロナウイルスワクチン)。
(43)上記(4)に記載の細胞を含む、ワクチン(特に、がんワクチン)。
(44)上記(4)に記載の細胞を含む、がんの予防もしくは治療のための、または、コロナウイルス感染症の予防もしくは治療のための、ワクチン。
本明細書では、「~を含む」は、「~からなる」または「~のみを含む」を包含する意味で用いられる。本明細書では、名詞の単数形は、断りのない限り、1またはそれ以上含む。
Gap Open Penalty = 10
Gap Extend Penalty = 0.5
Matrix = EBLOSUM62
End Gap Penalty = false
本開示では、コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質を発現するaAVCが提供される。より具体的には、本開示では、CD1dを細胞表面に発現した細胞であって、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドを結合しており、抗原をさらに発現し、抗原は、コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質またはその断片であり、これにより、スパイクタンパク質特異的な免疫を誘導することができる、細胞が提供される。ある好ましい態様では、細胞は、哺乳動物由来、好ましくは霊長類由来、より好ましくはヒト由来細胞(またはヒト細胞)である。細胞は、単離された細胞である。aAVCは、CD1dリガンドと結合したCD1dを生体内でNKT細胞に提示することができる。ある好ましい態様では、コロナウイルスは、SARS関連コロナウイルス(例えば、SARS-CoV-2)であり得る。
本実施例では、コロナウイルス(SARS-CoV-2)のスパイクタンパク質を発現するaAVC(以下、「aAVC-CoV2」という)の調製を試みた。
本実施例では、図6Aに示されるように、実施例1と同様の手順によりSARS-CoV-2のスパイクタンパク質とオボアルブミン(OVA)を提示するaAVC(以下、aAVC-OVA-CoV2という)を調製し、当該aAVCが、複数の抗原に特異的な免疫を誘導できるかを試験した。実施例1と同様にCD8T細胞を取得して、樹状細胞(DC)と抗原ペプチド存在下におけるIFN-γ産生を確認した。
本実施例では、腫瘍関連抗原(TAA)とスパイクタンパク質を発現するaAVC(aAVC-TAA/CoV-2)を実施例1に従って作製し、その免疫誘導能と抗腫瘍効果を評価した。
配列番号1:SARS-CoV-2のSタンパク質のアミノ酸配列の例
配列番号2:ヒトCD1dのアミノ酸配列の例
配列番号3:2Aペプチドのアミノ酸配列
配列番号4:T2Aペプチドのアミノ酸配列
配列番号5:P2Aペプチドのアミノ酸配列
配列番号6:E2Aペプチドのアミノ酸配列
配列番号7:F2Aペプチドのアミノ酸配列
Claims (22)
- CD1dを細胞表面に発現した細胞であって、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドを結合しており、抗原をさらに発現し、抗原は、コロナウイルスのスパイクタンパク質またはその断片であり、これにより、スパイクタンパク質特異的な免疫を誘導することができる、細胞。
- スパイクタンパク質が、S1およびS2を含む、請求項1に記載の細胞。
- 追加の抗原をさらに発現する、請求項1または2に記載の細胞。
- 追加の抗原が、がん抗原である、請求項3に記載の細胞。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の細胞を含む、組成物。
- 抗原特異的抗体および抗原特異的T細胞を誘導することに用いるための、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 肺組織において抗原特異的T細胞を誘導することに用いるための、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 抗原特異的T細胞が、抗原特異的細胞傷害性T細胞である、請求項6または7に記載の組成物。
- 抗原特異的T細胞が、エフェクターT細胞およびエフェクターメモリーT細胞からなる群から選択される、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 単回投与される、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 有効量のスパイクタンパク質をコードするmRNAを含む脂質小胞を含むワクチンに対して不応性である対象に投与される、請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 抗がん剤療法を受けた対象に投与される、請求項6~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 対象が、前記ワクチンに対して抗体産生を有意に誘導しない対象である、請求項11または12に記載の組成物。
- 対象が、前記ワクチンに対して抗体産生を有意に誘導しないことによる重症化リスクを有する対象である、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 対象において抗原特異的な免疫を誘導する方法であって、
当該対象に、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質(第1の抗原)と第2の抗原を発現するaAVCの有効量を投与し、これにより、当該対象において前記腫瘍関連抗原とベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
第2の抗原は第1の抗原とは異なるタンパク質に由来し、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法。 - 前記対象が、がんを有する対象である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、コロナウイルスに感染した対象である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、コロナウイルスに感染し、かつがんを有する対象である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 請求項15に記載の方法であって、
当該対象に、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質(第1の抗原)と第2の抗原を発現するaAVCの有効量を投与し、これにより、当該対象の肺組織においてベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法。 - 請求項19に記載の方法であって、
当該対象に、ベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質(第1の抗原)と第2の抗原を発現するaAVCの有効量を静脈内投与し、これにより、当該対象の肺組織においてベータコロナウイルスSタンパク質に対する抗原特異的な免疫を誘導することを含み、
aAVCは、CD1dを発現し、当該CD1dは、CD1dリガンドでパルスされている、方法。 - 第2の抗原が、腫瘍関連抗原である、請求項15~20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項15~21のいずれか一項に記載の方法において用いるための、組成物または医薬組成物。
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