WO2022222354A1 - 一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022222354A1 WO2022222354A1 PCT/CN2021/119221 CN2021119221W WO2022222354A1 WO 2022222354 A1 WO2022222354 A1 WO 2022222354A1 CN 2021119221 W CN2021119221 W CN 2021119221W WO 2022222354 A1 WO2022222354 A1 WO 2022222354A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phosphate fertilizer
- disintegrating agent
- parts
- calcium
- magnesium phosphate
- Prior art date
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 sodium alkyl sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QDWYPRSFEZRKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;sulfamate Chemical compound [Na+].NS([O-])(=O)=O QDWYPRSFEZRKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 7
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005227 alkyl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000913 crospovidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, in particular to a calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer disintegrant and its application.
- Calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer is a kind of soluble phosphate fertilizer, which is rich in a variety of nutrients. It has the advantages of convenient use after being made into granules. It can also be used as a raw material for blending fertilizers, mechanical fertilization, and simultaneous sowing of seed fertilizers. The nutrient release of magnesium and phosphate fertilizers has a slowing effect, which is not conducive to the absorption and utilization of crops. Adding a disintegrant to the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer with round particles is beneficial to the dispersion and utilization of the nutrients of the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer.
- Calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer is a kind of sand-type material, which has no cohesiveness, and needs to be granulated into balls by adding adhesive materials, while the disintegrating agent requires the particles to disintegrate quickly in contact with water, which is a contradiction. How to improve the granulation into spheroidization and disintegration is an important issue for the round particle calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer products.
- CN110237261A discloses a composite disintegrant and a preparation method thereof.
- the components of the composite disintegrant include microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, xylitol, anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, and crospovidone. Mix according to weight percentage, and obtain composite disintegrant by mixing pulping and spray drying.
- CN106220338A discloses a granulation disintegrating agent for producing round particle mineral fertilizer, the granulation disintegrating agent comprises bentonite 40-70%, lignin and lignin derivatives 25-55%, potassium chloride 2-3% %, calcium chloride 1-2%. Part or all of the bentonite is replaced by attapulgite.
- the lignin derivatives are acetyl lignin, methyl lignin, halogenated lignin, sulfonated lignin and nitrated lignin obtained after lignin acetylation, methylation, halogenation, sulfonation and nitration, respectively.
- the granulated disintegrant of the present invention can simultaneously satisfy the two requirements of high strength and fast disintegration of the granular mineral fertilizer.
- CN110859964A discloses the application of oxidized cyclodextrin in the preparation of disintegrant.
- the disintegration time of the oxidized cyclodextrin as a disintegrant drug can be controlled.
- the disintegration time decreases with the increase of the degree of oxidation of cyclodextrin. When it decreases to a certain level, it does not decrease and tends to be stable. Therefore, it can also be selected according to the disintegration time required by the target drug to meet the The required oxidized cyclodextrin acts as a disintegrant, thereby shortening the time to find a suitable disintegrant.
- CN107129343A discloses a special disintegrating agent for compound fertilizer particles.
- the invention has wide raw material sources, low cost, simple preparation, easy production, no three waste pollution, and can disintegrate the compound fertilizer particles within 2 to 5 minutes, with remarkable effect.
- CN1865287A discloses the preparation method of disintegrant sodium starch glycolate.
- the method uses starch as raw material and includes unit processes such as cross-linking, etherification, refining and drying. It is characterized in that: the etherification is 1.2% of the weight of starch added ⁇ 4.5% ethylene oxide or propylene oxide followed by etherification. This product expands 25 times when it absorbs water, and has good fluidity when used as a disintegrant.
- the disintegrants of the above-mentioned patents are unfavorable for the binding and granulation of soluble calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizers, and cannot achieve the effects of promoting granulation and improving the disintegration speed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer disintegrating agent and its application.
- Disintegrant overcoming the disadvantage that the disintegrant has an adverse effect on granulation.
- disintegrating agent is added in liquid phase, which plays the role of bonding into balls. The particles are dried to form particles with a certain strength. is ⁇ 5min.
- a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer disintegrating agent characterized in that it is composed of the following components: 1-10 parts of urea, 1-10 parts of amide, 1-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-10 parts of penetrant, and 1 part of disintegrant. -20 parts, 40-90 parts water, in the bonding material composed of urea, amide, polyvinyl alcohol and water, add penetrating agent and disintegrating agent to dissolve and mix evenly, forming a combination of bonding granulation and disintegration. disintegrant.
- the amide is one or a mixture of polyacrylamide and caprolactam.
- the penetrating agent is sulfated castor oil, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, sodium alpha-alkenyl sulfonate , sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl succinate sulfonate, sodium sulfamate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyether, one or two or a mixture of the above.
- the disintegration time of the prepared round granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is ⁇ 5min.
- the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer disintegrating agent of the present invention is formed by adding a penetrating agent and a disintegrating material to the binding material composed of urea, amide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. solution.
- disintegrant is added in the liquid phase in the granulation process, which plays the role of bonding into balls.
- the particles are dried to form particles with a certain strength. Disintegration, the disintegration time is ⁇ 5min.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂及其应用，其特征在于：钙镁磷肥崩解剂由以下组分组成，尿素1-10份、酰胺1-10份、聚乙烯醇1-10份、渗透剂1-10份、崩解剂1-20份、水40-90份，在尿素、酰胺、聚乙烯醇与水组成的粘结材料中，加入渗透剂和崩解剂溶解混合均匀，形成兼具粘结造粒作用和崩解作用的崩解剂。在钙镁磷肥造粒生产时，在造粒过程中以液相方式加入崩解剂，崩解剂的用量为钙镁磷肥质量的1-20％；起到粘结成球的作用，粒子经烘干后形成具有一定强度的圆颗粒钙镁磷肥粒子，放入水中后粒子迅速崩解，崩解时间为≤5min。
Description
本发明涉及农业科学技术领域，尤其是涉及一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂及其应用。
钙镁磷肥是一种鞠溶性磷肥，富含多种营养元素，制成颗粒后具有方便使用的优点，也可作为掺混肥原料使用，机械施肥，种肥同播，但圆颗粒化对于钙镁磷肥的养分释放是有减缓作用的，不利于作物的吸收利用。在圆颗粒钙镁磷肥中加入崩解剂有利于颗粒钙镁磷肥养分的分散利用。
钙镁磷肥是一种砂型物料，没有粘结性，需要加入粘附性物料进行造粒成球，而崩解剂却需要颗粒遇水快速崩解，这是一种矛盾。如何提升造粒成球性又兼具崩解作用，是圆颗粒钙镁磷肥产品的一个重要问题。
CN110237261A公开了一种复合崩解剂及其制备方法，复合崩解剂的组分包括微晶纤维素、甘露醇、木糖醇、无水磷酸氢钙、交联聚维酮，将以上组分按重量百分比混合，通过混合制浆和喷雾干燥得到复合崩解剂。
CN106220338A公开了一种用于生产圆颗粒矿物肥料的造粒崩解剂，该造粒崩解剂包含膨润土40-70％、木质素及木质素衍生物25-55％、氯化钾2-3％、氯化钙1-2％。所述膨润土部分或者全部由凹凸棒替代。所述木质素衍生物为木质素乙酰化、甲基化、卤化、磺化、硝化后分别得到的乙酰木质素、甲基木质素、卤化木质素、磺化木质素、硝化木质素。本发明的造粒崩解剂，可同时满足颗粒矿物肥料强度高和崩解快这两个要求。
CN110859964A公开了氧化环糊精在制备崩解剂中的应用，通过控制环糊精氧化的程度，可以控制以该氧化环糊精作为崩解剂药物的崩解时间。通过试验发现，崩解时间随着环糊精氧化程度的增加而减少，当减少到一定程度后不再减少而趋于稳定，因此，也可以根据目标药物所需的崩解时间来选择可以满足该要求的氧化环糊精作为崩解剂，从而缩短寻找合适崩解剂的时间。
CN107129343A公开了一种复合肥粒子专用崩解剂，其组成为：滑石粉20～60％，石膏粉15～25％，氯化钠0～15％，PBTCA(2-磷酸基-1，2，4-三羧酸丁烷)10～50％， α-烯基磺酸钠5～15％，CMS-Na(羧甲基淀粉钠)10～40％，三聚磷酸钠0～15％。本发明原料来源广泛，成本低廉，配制简单，易于生产，无三废污染，可使复合肥粒子在2～5分钟内崩解，效果显著。
CN1865287A公开了崩解剂羧甲淀粉钠的制备方法，该方法以淀粉为原料，包括交联、醚化、精制、干燥等单元过程，其特征在于：所述的醚化是加入淀粉重量的1.2～4.5％的环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷后进行醚化反应。本产品吸水膨胀25倍，作为崩解剂使用时流动性好。
上述各专利的崩解剂对鞠溶性的钙镁磷肥粘结造粒不利，无法达到促进造粒和提升崩解速度的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂及其应用，本发明的钙镁磷肥崩解剂通过在粘结材料中加入渗透剂和崩解材料，使之形成具有粘结造粒作用的崩解剂，克服了崩解剂对造粒产生不利影响的弊端。在钙镁磷肥造粒过程中以液相方式加入崩解剂，起到粘结成球的作用，粒子经烘干后形成具有一定强度的粒子，放入水中后粒子迅速崩解，崩解时间为≤5min。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂，其特征在于：由以下组分组成，尿素1-10份、酰胺1-10份、聚乙烯醇1-10份、渗透剂1-10份、崩解剂1-20份、水40-90份，在尿素、酰胺、聚乙烯醇与水组成的粘结材料中，加入渗透剂和崩解剂溶解混合均匀，形成兼具粘结造粒作用和崩解作用的崩解剂。
所述酰胺为聚丙烯酰胺和己内酰胺中的一种或二种混合物。
所述渗透剂为硫酸化蓖麻油、烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸酯钠、仲烷基磺酸钠、仲烷基硫酸酯钠、a一烯基磺酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠、琥珀酸烷基酯磺酸钠、氨基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚醚中的一种或二种及以上混合物。
所述崩解剂为淀粉、糊化淀粉、糊精中的一种或二种及以上混合物。
一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂的应用，其特征在于：在钙镁磷肥造粒生产时，在造粒过程中以液相方式加入崩解剂，崩解剂的用量为钙镁磷肥质量的1-20％；起到粘结成球的作用，粒子经烘干后形成具有一定强度的圆颗粒钙镁磷肥粒子，放入水中后粒子迅速崩解。
制得的圆颗粒钙镁磷肥崩解时间≤5min。
本发明的钙镁磷肥崩解剂通过在尿素、酰胺、聚乙烯醇等组成的粘结材料中，加入渗透剂和崩解材料，使之形成兼具粘结造粒作用和崩解作用的崩解剂。在钙镁磷肥造粒生产时，在造粒过程中以液相方式加入崩解剂，起到粘结成球的作用，粒子经烘干后形成具有一定强度的粒子，放入水中后粒子迅速崩解，崩解时间为≤5min。
结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。本发明的各原料都直接购买。
实施案例一
尿素1份、聚丙烯酰胺9份、聚乙烯醇5份，将上述三种物质依次加入70份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入硫酸化蓖麻油5份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入淀粉和糊精各5份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的5％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为10s。
实施案例二
尿素10份、己内酰胺2份、聚乙烯醇10份，将上述三种物质依次加入68份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入仲烷基硫酸酯钠5份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入淀粉5份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的5％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为30s。
实施案例三
尿素5份、聚丙烯酰胺2.5、己内酰胺2.5份、聚乙烯醇2份，将上述三种物质依次加入73份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入琥珀酸烷基酯磺酸钠和氨基磺酸钠各2.5份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入糊精10份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的15％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为50s。
实施案例四
尿素10份、聚丙烯酰胺2份、聚乙烯醇3份，将上述三种物质依次加入60份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入聚醚5份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入淀粉和糊精各10份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的1％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为50s。
实施案例五
尿素3份、聚丙烯酰胺10份、聚乙烯醇1份，将上述三种物质依次加入75份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入糊精1份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的1％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为100s。
实施案例六
尿素2份、聚丙烯酰胺1份、聚乙烯醇2份，将上述三种物质依次加入90份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入糊精4份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的1％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为120s。
实施案例六
尿素10份、己内酰胺10份、聚乙烯醇10份，将上述三种物质依次加入40份水中，搅拌、加热至90℃，待全部溶解后，加入琥珀酸烷基酯磺酸钠10份，继续加热搅拌5min，然后加入淀粉和糊精各10份，全部溶解后，降温至60℃保温搅拌30min，即可得到崩解剂。在粉状钙镁磷肥造粒过程中，以喷雾方式加入占钙镁磷肥质量的1％的崩解剂，粒子逐渐长大成球，经烘干后即可得到可迅速崩解的圆颗粒状钙镁磷肥，崩解时间为200s。
Claims (6)
- 一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂，其特征在于：由以下组分组成，尿素1-10份、酰胺1-10份、聚乙烯醇1-10份、渗透剂1-10份、崩解剂1-20份、水40-90份，在尿素、酰胺、聚乙烯醇与水组成的粘结材料中，加入渗透剂和崩解剂溶解混合均匀，形成兼具粘结造粒作用和崩解作用的崩解剂。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂，其特征在于：所述酰胺为聚丙烯酰胺和己内酰胺中的一种或二种混合物。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂，其特征在于：所述渗透剂为硫酸化蓖麻油、烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸酯钠、仲烷基磺酸钠、仲烷基硫酸酯钠、a一烯基磺酸钠、烷基萘磺酸钠、琥珀酸烷基酯磺酸钠、氨基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚醚中的一种或二种及以上混合物。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂，其特征在于：所述崩解剂为淀粉、糊化淀粉、糊精中的一种或二种及以上混合物。
- 根据权利要求1-4之一所述的一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂的应用，其特征在于：在钙镁磷肥造粒生产时，在造粒过程中以液相方式加入崩解剂，崩解剂的用量为钙镁磷肥质量的1-20％；起到粘结成球的作用，粒子经烘干后形成具有一定强度的圆颗粒钙镁磷肥粒子，放入水中后粒子迅速崩解。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种钙镁磷肥崩解剂的应用，其特征在于：制得的圆颗粒钙镁磷肥崩解时间≤5min。
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