WO2022215718A1 - T細胞活性化方法 - Google Patents
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- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for activating T cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to the generation of T cells (referred to herein as “CAR-T cells”) that express chimeric antigen receptors (referred to as “CAR” herein). It relates to a method for activating T cells useful for
- CAR-T cell therapy is known as one of cancer treatment methods.
- CAR-T cells are produced, for example, using autologous T cells collected from patients themselves, but the high production cost and the risk of production failure are one of the business challenges.
- many cancer patients who receive CAR-T cell therapy have T cells that have been damaged by treatment with anticancer drugs, etc., compared to healthy subjects, so the process of producing CAR-T cells from patient-derived T cells production efficiency tends to be low.
- Patent Literature 1 describes the use of a matrix of flexible polymer chains (nanomatrix) to which a stimulating substance is attached for the activation of T cells.
- T cells Conventionally, the activation process of T cells was generally considered to be performed under daily conditions such as 24 hours, 48 hours (2 days), or 72 hours (3 days) (non-patent literature 1-7).
- An object of the present invention is to provide means for improving the production efficiency of CAR-T cells.
- the present inventors have focused on the activation process of T cells, and by studies using T cells from multiple donors, the activation time in the T cell activation process is within a specific range (e.g., longer than 36 hours, 48 hours). It was found that the expression efficiency of CAR is improved by setting the time to be shorter than the time.
- the present invention includes at least the following inventions.
- a method of activating T cells comprising activating T cells for greater than 36 hours and less than 48 hours in media containing a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist.
- Item 2. The activation method according to Item 1, wherein the CD3 agonist and/or the CD28 agonist is supported on a carrier.
- the carrier is a matrix or beads of flexible polymer chains.
- Item 4. The activation method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the CD3 agonist and the CD28 agonist are an anti-CD3 antibody and an anti-CD28 antibody, respectively.
- Item 6. A cell population containing genetically modified T cells obtained by the production method according to Item 5.
- Item 6. The production method according to Item 5, wherein the exogenous gene is a chimeric antigen receptor gene.
- a T cell activation kit for introducing a foreign gene comprising: a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist supported on a carrier; instructions stating that T cells are activated with medium containing said CD3 agonist and/or CD28 agonist for more than 36 hours and less than 48 hours.
- the method for activating T cells such as [1] above is referred to as the "activation method of the present invention”
- the method for producing genetically modified T cells such as [5] above is referred to as the “production method of the present invention”.
- a cell population containing the genetically modified T cells of [6] may be referred to as a "cell population of the present invention”.
- the present invention it is possible to optimize the activation step that imposes a heavy burden on T cells and to produce genetically modified T cells such as CAR-T cells with high efficiency. It is possible to reduce manufacturing costs and improve manufacturing efficiency by shortening manufacturing days.
- FIG. 1 shows the cell population (activation step 24, 48 or 72 hours) obtained by "(2) Small-scale production of CAR-T cells using PBMC" in the example, and "(4) Flow The results of measurement of CAR-expressing cells by cytometry are shown.
- Figures 1A and 1B show the percentage of CAR-expressing cells (Figure 1A) and the number of CAR-expressing cells ( Figure 1B) when PBMCs derived from two donors (Donor A and Donor B) were used.
- FIG. 1 shows the cell population (activation step 24, 48 or 72 hours) obtained by "(2) Small-scale production of CAR-T cells using PBMC” in the example, and “(4) Flow The results of measurement of CAR-expressing cells by cytometry are shown.
- Figures 1A and 1B show the percentage of CAR-expressing cells ( Figure
- FIG. 2 shows the cell population (activation step 40, 44 or 48 hours) obtained by “(2) Small-scale production of CAR-T cells using PBMC” in the example, “(4) Flow The results of measurement of CAR-expressing cells by cytometry are shown.
- Figures 2A and 2B show the percentage of CAR-expressing cells (Figure 2A) and the number of CAR-expressing cells (Figure 2B) when using PBMCs derived from 3 donors (Donor A, Donor C and Donor D).
- FIG. 3 shows the cell population (activation step 37 to 44 hours) obtained by "(2) Small-scale production of CAR-T cells using PBMC" in the example, "(4) flow cytometry ” shows the results of measuring CAR-expressing cells.
- N 3, values in the figure represent the mean ⁇ standard deviation). show).
- FIG. 4 shows the cell population (activation step 40, 44 or 48 hours) obtained by “(2) Small-scale production of CAR-T cells using PBMC” in the example, “(4) Flow The results of measuring activated T cells using the activation marker CD25 or CD69 as an indicator by cytometry", and the results of "(5) analysis of the remaining amount of TransACT and IL-2 used for activation” The results of analyzing the amount of TransACT used and the amount of IL-2 remaining in the medium are shown.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph obtained by using three donor-derived human leukocyte apheresis products (Donor E, Donor F and Donor G) according to "(3) Production of CAR-T on a clinical scale using T cells" in the example. The results of measuring CAR-expressing cells by "(4) flow cytometry" in the cell population obtained (36, 40, 44 or 48 hours after activation) are shown.
- the activation method of the present invention is a method for activating T cells, the step of activating T cells for more than 36 hours and less than 48 hours in a medium containing a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist (this specification referred to as an "activation step" in the literature).
- T cells are not particularly limited as long as they are activated and used according to the purpose and application. , memory T cells, naive T cells, NKT cells, regulatory T cells, and the like.
- T cells are generally used to infiltrate body fluids such as blood and bone marrow; tissues such as spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and liver; Cells can be harvested, for example, as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and leukapheresis.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- the T cells used in the present invention may be specific T cells isolated and purified from the collected immune cell population, or contained in the cell population (e.g., PBMC, etc.) without isolation. state T cells.
- T cells are induced to differentiate into T cells by culturing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), other stem cells, progenitor cells, etc. under appropriate conditions. It can be anything.
- T cells may be human-derived, or may be cells derived from mammals other than humans (non-human mammals).
- Non-human mammals include, for example, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, and monkeys.
- the T cells activated by the method of the present invention are T cells for introducing foreign genes, for example, CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) for introducing foreign genes for expressing are T cells of
- the T cells may be, for example, CD8 + T cells or CD4 + T cells, which are obtained from blood, such as those contained in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- CAR-T cells may also be derived from humans, such as cancer patients and other humans to whom CAR-T cells are to be administered.
- CD3 agonist and CD28 agonist refer to substances that bind to CD3 and CD28 (receptors) as agonists, respectively, and stimulate T cells for activation.
- a typical CD3 agonist is an anti-CD3 antibody
- a typical CD28 agonist is an anti-CD28 antibody.
- PHA phytohemagglutin (Weng et al., J.Ethnopharmacol, 2002, 83(1-2):79-85)))
- Anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies may be monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, preferably monoclonal antibodies.
- RetroNectin (trademark) (Recombinant Human Fibronectin Fragment, Takara Bio Inc.) may be used simultaneously with a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist in the T cell activation step.
- the concentrations of the CD3 agonist and CD28 agonist are not particularly limited as long as they are concentrations that can stimulate surface molecules of T cells, transmit signals into T cells, and induce activation.
- the final concentration of each antibody can be 0.1-20 ⁇ g/mL.
- the antibody when using a matrix of flexible polymer chains carrying anti-CD3 antibody and anti-CD28 antibody (eg, TransACT), the antibody can be used at a final concentration of 10-300 ng/mL.
- the molar ratio of anti-CD3 antibody and anti-CD28 antibody can be 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:2 to 2:1.
- T cells are activated by culturing them for more than 36 hours and less than 48 hours in a medium containing a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist.
- Activation times of "more than 36 hours and less than 48 hours” are, for example, 37 hours, 38 hours, 39 hours, 40 hours, 41 hours, 42 hours, 43 hours, 44 hours, 45 hours, 46 hours, 47 hours. .
- These numerical values (N hours) are arbitrary, and the lower limits (N hours or more, or more than N hours) and/or an upper limit (not more than N hours, or less than N hours).
- a preferred embodiment of the activation time of the present invention is 37 to 44 hours, more preferably 39 to 44 hours, still more preferably 39 to 42 hours, and most preferably 39 to 41 hours.
- the activation step can be terminated by replacing the medium containing the CD3 agonist and/or the CD28 agonist with a medium that does not contain the medium, or by diluting the medium containing the CD3 agonist and/or the CD28 agonist.
- the activation time in the present invention does not include the time for culturing the T cells in the medium after such dilution.
- the activation step using TransACT can be terminated by diluting to 70% or less (preferably 50% or less).
- the culturing period for carrying out the activation method of the present invention is 24 hours, 48 hours or 72 hours, and is compared to the case of culturing under the same conditions otherwise (control group). This is the culture period during which the CAR expression efficiency is high.
- the CAR expression efficiency can be indexed by (a) the ratio of CAR-expressing cells in a cell population, or (b) the number of CAR-expressing cells in a cell population.
- Step 3 of the "Method for Producing Genetically Modified T Cells" (the production method of the present invention) described later: At a stage after the culture step, if at least one of the above indicators (a) and (b) is higher than the control group , it can be evaluated that "the CAR expression efficiency has increased.”
- the culture time for activating T cells is set to a specific range. temperature, atmosphere, cell density, etc.) can be adjusted according to known or general methods for activating T cells, or can be appropriately adjusted to suit the present invention.
- the cell density at the time of seeding in the activation step can be, for example, 1.0x10 5 to 1.0x10 7 cells/mL, preferably 2.0x10 5 to 6.0x10 6 cells/mL.
- the culture vessel in the activation process is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from plates, dishes, petri dishes, flasks, bags, bottles, tanks (culture tanks), etc., according to the culture scale.
- a closed automated culture device such as the CliniMACS ProdigyTM (Miltenyi Biotec) can be used.
- a known or common medium used for culturing T cells can be used, and the medium can be appropriately supplemented with necessary components.
- Examples of media in the activation step include AIM V, X-VIVO-15, NeuroBasal, EGM2, TeSR, BME, BGJb, CMRL 1066, Glasgow MEM, Modified MEM Zinc Option, IMDM, 199 medium, Eagle MEM, ⁇ MEM, DMEM, Ham, RPMI-1640, Fisher's medium, and various other commercially available products for T cell culture (e.g., CTS TM OpTmizer TM T-Cell Expansion Basal Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific), CTS TM OpTmizer TM Pro Serum Free Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific), CTS TM OpTmizer TM Pro (Thermo Fisher Scientific), CTS TM OpTmizer TM T-Cell Expansion Supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific)). Any one of these media may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- CTS TM OpTmizer TM T-Cell Expansion Basal Medium Thermo Fisher Scientific
- the medium may be a serum-containing or serum-free medium, or a xeno-free medium. From the standpoint of preventing contamination with xenogenic components, the serum may be derived from the same animal as the cells being cultured.
- Serum-free medium refers to a medium without unprocessed or unpurified serum, and thus may include medium with purified blood-derived or animal tissue-derived components, such as growth factors. The medium may or may not contain any substitute for serum.
- Serum substitutes include albumin (lipid-rich albumin, bovine albumin, albumin substitutes such as recombinant or humanized albumin, plant starch, dextrans, protein hydrolysates, etc.), transferrin (or other iron transporters), fatty acids, insulin, collagen precursors, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thioglycerol ( ⁇ -monothioglycerol, MTG), or equivalents thereof, as appropriate. .
- KSR knockout Serum Replacement
- Chemically-defined Lipid concentrated Chemically-defined Lipid concentrated (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
- GlutaMAX Thermo Fisher Scientific
- the medium may be serum free medium (SFM).
- the medium may contain B-27TM supplement, Xenofree B-27TM supplement, NS21 supplement, GS21TM supplement, or any of these at concentrations effective to produce T cells from 3D cell aggregates. may include a combination of
- DL alpha tocopherol acetate DL alpha-tocopherol
- vitamins such as vitamin A (acetate); BSA (bovine serum albumin) or human albumin, fatty acid-free fraction V; catalase; human recombinant insulin; proteins such as superoxide dismutase; corticosterone; D-galactose; ethanolamine HCl; glutathione (reduced); L-carnitine HCl; triiodo-L-thyronine); PSG (penicillin, streptomycin, and L-glutamine).
- the medium may contain exogenously added ascorbic acid or a derivative thereof (eg, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate: PAA).
- the medium contains externally added fatty acids or lipids, amino acids (such as non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antibiotics, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, pyruvate, buffers, and inorganic salts, respectively. It may contain one or more selected from the group consisting of.
- the medium may contain externally added cytokines.
- Cytokines include, for example, FLT3 ligand (FLT3L), interleukin 7 (IL-7), stem cell factor (SCF), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL- 12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, interferon-gamma, interferon-lambda, TSLP, thymopentin, pleotrophin, and midkine. Any one of these cytokines may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- Preferred cytokines include IL-2.
- the CD3 agonist and/or CD28 agonist is supported on a matrix of flexible polymer chains.
- a CD3 agonist and a CD28 agonist are supported on a matrix of flexible polymer chains, and this embodiment corresponds to It is a product that
- a “flexible matrix” may be made of collagen, purified proteins, purified peptides, polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, or extracellular matrix compositions.
- Polysaccharides include, for example, cellulose ether, starch, gum arabic, agarose, dextran, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, pectin, xanthan, guar gum or alginate.
- the flexible matrix is a polymer of dextran.
- the CD3 agonist and/or the CD28 agonist are bead-supported.
- Specific examples include magnetic beads such as Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
- a CD3 agonist and/or a CD28 agonist is “carried” or “attached” to such a mobile matrix or bead.
- Substances can be attached or coupled to the mobile matrix by a variety of methods known and available in the art. Attachment may be covalent or non-covalent attachment, electrostatic attachment, or hydrophobic attachment, attachment may be chemical, mechanical, e.g. This may be accomplished by various means of attachment, such as enzymatic or other means.
- antibodies may be attached directly to the matrix or beads, or indirectly via anti-isotype antibodies. Alternatively, attachment may be via protein A or protein G, eg, attached to a matrix or beads, or other non-specific antibody binding molecules.
- substances may be attached to matrices or beads by chemical means, such as cross-linking to matrices or beads.
- the CD3 agonist and/or CD28 agonist is a DNA-based T-cell activator ( Keskar et al., J immunother, 2020, vol.43, no.8, 231-235).
- the production method of the present invention is a method for producing genetically modified T cells, and includes steps 1 to 3 below.
- Step 1 Step of activating T cells by the activation method of the present invention
- Step 2 Step of introducing a foreign gene into the activated T cells (herein referred to as “introduction step”).
- Step 3 Step of culturing T cells into which the exogenous gene has been introduced (herein referred to as “culturing step”)
- Step 1 Activation step
- the activation step is a step of activating T cells by carrying out the activation method of the present invention described above.
- the details of the activation step reference can be made to the above-described activation method of the present invention.
- Step 2 Introduction step The introduction step is a step of introducing a foreign gene into the T cells obtained by the activation step.
- a “foreign gene” is a gene that is introduced from the outside in order to express a desired protein in T cells, and can be appropriately selected according to the use of the T cells to be produced. One type or multiple types of foreign genes may be used.
- the foreign gene can contain a gene for expressing CAR.
- foreign genes can include genes for expressing CARs and genes for expressing cytokines and/or chemokines.
- exogenous gene expression of CAR and a combination of certain cytokines and chemokines can enhance anti-tumor activity by T cells.
- Other foreign genes include antigen-specific TCR (T cell receptor) and STAR receptor (Synthetic TCR and antigen receptor) (Liu et al., Sci. Transl. Med. 2021, vol. 13, issue. 586) can be introduced into T cells.
- CARs CARs expressed by T cells basically consist of (i) a target recognition site, (ii) a cell transmembrane region, and (iii) a signal transduction region that induces activation of T cells, similar to common or known CARs. , are connected via spacers as necessary.
- the target recognition site can be, for example, an antibody (eg, single-chain antibody) that recognizes the cell surface antigen of cancer cells.
- a single-chain antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen of cancer cells typically comprises a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region derived from the antigen-binding site of a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the antigen, and A single-chain variable region fragment (scFv) composed of a linker peptide that connects
- the target recognition site may recognize any target as long as the CAR can specifically exhibit an antitumor effect on cancer cells. It may also be an antibody (eg, single-chain antibody) that recognizes the constant region of an antibody that specifically binds.
- the “cell surface antigens of cancer cells” targeted by CAR are biomolecules that are specifically expressed in cancer cells and their progenitor cells, and biomolecules that are newly expressed due to canceration of cells. , or any biomolecule whose expression level is increased in cancer cells compared to normal cells.
- antigens are commonly referred to as "tumor-associated antigens” (TAAs) and include, for example, BCMA, B7-H3, B7-H6, CD7, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD30.
- the cell transmembrane region is a polypeptide that serves as a region for fixing CAR to the cell membrane of T cells.
- Such cell transmembrane regions include, for example, BTLA, CD3 ⁇ , CD4, CD5, CD8, CD9, CD16, CD22, CD28, CD33, CD37, CD45, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD134, CD137, CD154, 4-1BB (CD137), CTLA-4, GITR, ICOS, LAG3, OX40, SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), or transmembrane regions from the ⁇ or ⁇ chain of the T cell receptor.
- transmembrane domain of CD8 is preferred as the transmembrane domain.
- the transmembrane region may be linked to a hinge region, which is a peptide (oligopeptide or polypeptide) consisting of any amino acid sequence and having a length of 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 10 to 70 amino acids.
- hinge regions can include, for example, CD3, CD8, KIR2DS2, or hinge regions derived from IgG4, IgD or other immunoglobulins.
- the hinge region of CD8 is preferred.
- the signal transduction region that induces activation of T cells when the target recognition site (e.g., single-chain antibody) recognizes and binds to a target (e.g., cell surface antigen of cancer cells), T cells It is a polypeptide that serves as a region for signaling within.
- target e.g., cell surface antigen of cancer cells
- signaling regions include MHC class I molecules, TNF receptor proteins, immunoglobulin-like proteins, cytokine receptors, integrins, activated NK cell receptors, Toll-like receptors, B7-H3, BAFFR, BTLA, BY55 (CD160), CD2, CD3 ⁇ , CD4, CD7, CD8 ⁇ , CD8 ⁇ , CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD11d, CD18, CD19, CD19a, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD30, CD40, CD49a, CD49D, CD49f, CD69 , CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CD103, 4-1BB (CD137), CDS, CEACAM1, CRTAM, CNAM1 (CD226), DAP10, Fc Receptor-associated ⁇ chain, GADS, GITR, HVEM (LIGHTR), IA4, ICAM-1 , ICOS (CD278), IL2R ⁇ , IL2R ⁇ , IL7R ⁇ , ITGA
- the signaling domain may comprise two intracellular domains of CD28 and CD3zeta, two of 4-1BB and CD3zeta, or three intracellular domains of CD28, 4-1BB and CD3zeta. preferable.
- the intracellular domains may be linked via linker peptides (oligopeptides or polypeptides) consisting of 2 to 10 amino acids.
- linker peptides include peptides consisting of consecutive glycine-serine sequences.
- the target recognition site (e.g., single-chain antibody) and the cell transmembrane region, and the cell transmembrane region and the signal transduction region each have a length of 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 10 to 50 amino acids, consisting of an arbitrary amino acid sequence.
- the amino acid sequence of the above-mentioned CAR expressed by T cells should be appropriate according to the use of T cells, typically the function as an active ingredient of a drug for treating cancer.
- Various amino acid sequences of single-chain antibodies against cell surface antigens of cancer cells which is an example of the target recognition site (i), are known, and information on those amino acid sequences can be used in the present invention.
- an antibody against a cell surface antigen of a desired cancer cell is newly produced, the amino acid sequence of the novel antibody (preferably heavy and light chain variable regions, especially CDRs) is determined, Information may be used in the present invention.
- the target recognition site (i) is an antibody that recognizes the constant region of an antibody that binds to surface antigens of cancer cells, it can also be obtained or produced by conventional methods.
- cytokines are known as cytokines that can be expressed together with CAR in T cells, and known cytokines can be expressed by exogenous genes in the present invention.
- cytokines include, for example, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, IL-27, and the like.
- the number of cytokines expressed by T cells may be one, or two or more.
- the cytokine is preferably derived from the same animal species (human or non-human mammal) as the T cell into which the foreign gene is to be introduced (the cytokine receptor possessed by the T cell).
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/), UniProt (The Universal Protein Resource; https://www.uniprot.org) and other databases, so that information can be used in the present invention.
- cytokine in the present invention includes not only natural full-length proteins but also proteins (polypeptides) that have been modified in various ways such as maintaining or enhancing the function of cytokines. That is, cytokines in the present invention are (a) whole or part of a protein (polypeptide) consisting of a natural amino acid sequence (functional partial polypeptide), (b) one or more (c) the full-length protein or partial polypeptide is modified at the N-terminus or C-terminus of another protein (e.g., signal peptide, receptor protein subunit, etc.)
- a fusion protein linked to a Variants of (b) above include, for example, full-length or partial regions (domains) that have 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more identity to the amino acid sequence of a natural cytokine, Those having an amino acid sequence that is 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or
- chemokines are known as chemokines that can be expressed together with CAR in T cells, and known chemokines can also be expressed by exogenous genes in the present invention. Such chemokines include, for example, CCL19.
- the number of chemokines expressed by T cells may be one, or two or more.
- the chemokine is preferably derived from the same animal species (human or non-human mammal) as the T cell into which the exogenous gene is introduced (the chemokine receptor possessed by the T cell).
- NCBI National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/), UniProt (The Universal Protein Resource; https://www.uniprot.org) and other databases, so that information can be used in the present invention.
- chemokine in the present invention includes not only natural full-length proteins, but also variously modified proteins (polypeptides) that retain or enhance their functions as chemokines. That is, the chemokine in the present invention includes (a) a whole protein (polypeptide) consisting of a natural amino acid sequence or a part thereof (a functional partial polypeptide), and (b) one or more any amino acid deletion, substitution or addition variant.
- Variants of (b) above include, for example, full-length or partial regions (domains) that have 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 91% or more identity to the amino acid sequence of a natural chemokine, Those having an amino acid sequence that is 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more, 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more.
- the means for introducing foreign genes into T cells is not particularly limited, and various known or general means can be adopted.
- foreign genes are introduced and expressed in T cells using expression vectors.
- Expression vectors may be linear or circular, and may be non-viral vectors such as plasmids, viral vectors, or transposon-based vectors.
- the method for introducing the expression vector into T cells can be appropriate according to the embodiment.
- an expression vector can be introduced into T cells by known methods such as viral infection, calcium phosphate, lipofection, microinjection, and electroporation.
- the expression vector can be prepared into a form suitable for use in each technique by known means and using a commercially available kit (according to the instructions).
- the introducing step may involve contacting the T cells with such a preparation, generally culturing the T cells in medium supplemented with the preparation containing the expression vector.
- expression vectors are introduced into T cells by viral infection methods.
- Viral vectors include, for example, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, adenoviral vectors, and adeno-associated viral vectors.
- Preferred retroviral vectors include, for example, pMSGV vector (Tamada k et al., ClinCancer Res 18:6436-6445 (2002)), pMSCV vector (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), and SFG vector.
- pMSGV vector Temada k et al., ClinCancer Res 18:6436-6445 (2002)
- pMSCV vector manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.
- SFG vector SFG vector
- a recombinant virus is prepared by transfecting a vector containing a desired foreign gene and a packaging vector (plasmid) of each virus into a host cell using a corresponding commercially available kit.
- the resulting recombinant virus may be used to infect T cells.
- Commercially available viral vector kits include, for example, Retrovirus packaging Kit Eco (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.).
- host cells include GP2-293 cells (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.), Plat-GP cells (manufactured by Cosmo Bio Inc.), PG13 cells (ATCC CRL-10686), PA317 cells (ATCC CRL-9078), and the like. be done.
- all foreign genes may be contained in one expression vector, all foreign genes may be contained in separate expression vectors, or may be contained in one expression vector and the rest in separate expression vectors.
- one expression vector contains a plurality of exogenous genes, there is no particular limitation on the order in which the exogenous genes are arranged from the upstream side to the downstream side.
- the foreign gene can be composed of a nucleic acid (polynucleotide) having a nucleotide sequence that encodes the desired protein or polypeptide amino acid sequence to be expressed in T cells, such as the aforementioned CAR, cytokine, or chemokine.
- a nucleic acid contained in an expression vector may be produced by a chemical DNA synthesis reaction, or may be produced (cloned) as cDNA.
- the expression vector contains a base sequence (foreign gene) encoding a desired protein or polypeptide, and optionally (in the case of a combination of multiple expression vectors as described above, each expression vector independently). , promoters, terminators, enhancers, initiation codons, termination codons, polyadenylation signals, nuclear localization signals (NLS), multiple cloning sites (MCS), etc. involved in the expression of each foreign gene. .
- a gene encoding a self-cleavage peptide e.g., 2A peptide
- IRES Internal Ribozyme Entry Site
- Expression vectors may further include reporter genes (e.g., genes encoding fluorescent proteins of each color), drug selection genes (e.g., kanamycin resistance genes, ampicillin resistance genes, puromycin resistance genes), suicide genes (e.g., diphtheria A toxin, simple Herpes thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), carboxylesterase (CA), cytosine deaminase (CD), cytochrome P450 (cyt-450), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), nitroreductase (NR), purines Genes encoding nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), varicella-zoster virus thymidine kinase (VZV-TK), xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (XGPRT), inducible caspase 9, etc.) It may
- nucleic acid may be any molecule as long as it is a polymer of nucleotides and molecules having functions equivalent to the nucleotides. Polymers in which nucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are mixed, and nucleotide polymers containing nucleotide analogues can be mentioned, and nucleotide polymers containing nucleic acid derivatives can also be used.
- a nucleic acid may be a single-stranded nucleic acid or a double-stranded nucleic acid.
- a double-stranded nucleic acid also includes a double-stranded nucleic acid in which one strand hybridizes to the other strand under stringent conditions.
- ribonuclease As a nucleotide analogue, compared with RNA or DNA, ribonuclease is used for improving or stabilizing nuclease resistance, for increasing affinity with complementary strand nucleic acid, for increasing cell permeability, or for visualization. Any molecule can be used as long as it is a molecule obtained by modifying nucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, RNA or DNA.
- Nucleotide analogues may be naturally occurring molecules or non-naturally occurring molecules, such as sugar moiety-modified nucleotide analogues (e.g., nucleotide analogues substituted with 2′-O-methyl ribose, 2′-O- Nucleotide analogues substituted with propyl ribose, nucleotide analogues substituted with 2'-methoxyethoxyribose, nucleotide analogues substituted with 2'-O-methoxyethylribose, 2'-O-[2-(guanidinium )ethyl]ribose-substituted nucleotide analogues, 2'-fluororibose-substituted nucleotide analogues, bridged nucleic acid (BNA), locked nucleic acid (LNA), ethylene Ethylene bridged nucleic acid (ENA), peptide nu
- nucleic acid derivative a different chemical is added to the nucleic acid in order to improve the nuclease resistance compared to the nucleic acid, to stabilize the nucleic acid, to increase the affinity with the complementary strand nucleic acid, to increase the cell permeability, or to make the nucleic acid visible.
- Any molecule may be used as long as it is a molecule to which a substance is added, and specific examples thereof include 5′-polyamine addition derivatives, cholesterol addition derivatives, steroid addition derivatives, bile acid addition derivatives, vitamin addition derivatives, Cy5 addition derivatives, and Cy3 addition derivatives. , 6-FAM-added derivatives, biotin-added derivatives, and the like.
- the culture vessel, medium, additive components, other culture conditions, etc. in the introduction step can be the same as those described for the activation step as the activation method of the present invention. It can be selected as appropriate. However, the culture vessel, medium, additive components, etc. in the introduction step do not necessarily have to be the same as those in the activation step, and can be changed as appropriate.
- Step 3 Culturing step
- the culturing step is a step of culturing the T cells into which the exogenous gene has been introduced.
- the culture period in the culture step is not particularly limited as long as the desired protein is expressed in T cells, and is for example 20 days, preferably 3 to 7 days.
- the expression vector contains a drug resistance gene as a functional gene
- a drug corresponding to the drug resistance gene used is added to the medium in the culture step
- T cells may be cultured.
- the expression vector contains a gene encoding a fluorescent protein (reporter gene) as a functional gene
- the T cells into which the expression vector has been introduced are observed under a fluorescence microscope during or after the culture step, or the expression vector is The introduced T cells may be sorted using a cell sorter.
- the culture vessel, medium, additive components, other culture conditions, etc. in the culture step can be the same as those described for the activation step as the activation method of the present invention. It can be selected as appropriate. However, the culture vessel, medium, additive components, etc. in the culture step are not necessarily the same as those in the activation step, and can be changed as appropriate.
- the use of the cell population containing genetically modified T cells obtained by the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be used for any desired purpose. can be used for
- the pharmaceutical contains genetically modified T cells and may further contain other components as necessary.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately prepare such a drug using genetically modified T cells, taking into account the use (disease to be treated, patient to be administered, etc.) and dosage form.
- the drug is, for example, a drug (anti-cancer) that targets cancer that corresponds to the cell surface antigen (cancer-specific antigen) of cancer cells targeted by CAR expressed by genetically modified T cells (anti-cancer drug). Therefore, as long as the cancer tissue contains cancer cells that express the antigen targeted by CAR and a certain level of therapeutic effect is observed by CAR-T cells, the type of cancer targeted by the drug is not particularly limited.
- Cancers that can be targeted by pharmaceuticals include, for example, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, skin cancer (e.g., melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma), breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer , spleen cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, tracheal cancer, bronchial cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, small bowel cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, gallbladder cancer, testicular cancer, Cancers such as ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer; cancers of bone tissue, cartilage tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, vascular tissue and hematopoietic tissue; chondrosarcoma, E
- cancer types sensitive to NK cells (melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, colon cancer, renal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, Non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, small intestine cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, biliary tract cancer , neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, etc.). More preferred are melanoma, colon cancer, renal cancer, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia.
- Components other than genetically modified T cells that can be contained in the medicament include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable additives, more specifically physiological saline, buffered physiological saline, cell culture medium, dextrose, injection Water, glycerol, ethanol, stabilizers, solubilizers, surfactants, buffers, preservatives, tonicity agents, fillers, lubricants and the like.
- pharmaceutically acceptable additives more specifically physiological saline, buffered physiological saline, cell culture medium, dextrose, injection Water, glycerol, ethanol, stabilizers, solubilizers, surfactants, buffers, preservatives, tonicity agents, fillers, lubricants and the like.
- the drug can be used by administering it to subjects in need of cancer treatment (cancer patients, cancer-bearing animals, etc.) in the same manner as known genetically modified T cells (e.g., CAR-T cells).
- Administration methods include, for example, intratumoral, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal injection.
- the amount of genetically modified T cells contained in the drug depends on the application, dosage form, and desired therapeutic effect, for example, the type, location, severity of cancer, age, weight, condition, etc. of the subject to be treated. You can adjust accordingly.
- a single administration of the pharmaceutical contains 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 10 CAR-T cells, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 1 ⁇ 10 9 cells, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 6 to 5 ⁇ 10 9 cells. It can be formulated to be administered x108 .
- the administration interval of the drug is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted as appropriate while considering the amount of the T cells of the present invention to be administered per dose. twice or once, every other day, every two days, every three days, every four days, every five days, once a week, every seven days, every eight days, every nine days, twice a week, once a month or It can be administered independently twice monthly.
- Anticancer agents include, for example, alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine; Molecularly targeted drugs such as rituximab, cetuximab, trastuzumab; kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, gefenib, erlotinib, afatinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, trametinib; proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib; calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus; anticancer antibiotics such as mitomycin C; plant alkaloids such as irinotecan and etoposide; platinum agents such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin; hormone therapy agents such as tamoxifen and bicardamide; can be used in combination with known anticancer drugs.
- Anticancer agents include, for example
- the target recognition site of CAR is an antibody that recognizes the constant region of an antibody that specifically binds to a cell surface antigen of cancer cells
- the genetically modified T cells recognize the cancer corresponding to the cell surface antigen. It can be used as a medicament for treatment.
- a drug containing genetically modified T cells can be used in combination with a drug containing an antibody that specifically binds to the cell surface antigen.
- iPSCs Induced pluripotent stem cells
- iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells
- Yamanaka et al. Yamanaka K, Yamanaka S., Cell, (2006) 126: 663-676
- human cell-derived iPSCs established by introducing the same four factors into human fibroblasts
- Nanog-iPS cells were established by selecting Nanog expression as an indicator (Okita, K., Ichisaka, T., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.), iPS cells produced by a method that does not contain c-Myc (Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al. Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, 101 - 106), iPS cells established by introducing 6 factors by virus-free method (Okita K et al. Nat. Methods 2011 May;8(5):409-12, Okita K et al. Stem Cells. 31( 3):458-66.) can also be used.
- induced pluripotent stem cells established by introducing the four factors of OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28 produced by Thomson et al. (Yu J., Thomson JA. et al., Science (2007) 318: 1917-1920.), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Daley et al. (Park IH, Daley GQ. et al., Nature (2007) 451: 141-146), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Sakurada et al. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-307007) can also be used.
- iPSC lines established by NIH, RIKEN (RIKEN), Kyoto University, etc. can be used as "induced pluripotent stem cells".
- human iPSC strains include HiPS-RIKEN-1A, HiPS-RIKEN-2A, HiPS-RIKEN-12A, and Nips-B2 strains of RIKEN, and 253G1, 201B7, 409B2, and 454E2 strains of Kyoto University. strain, 606A1 strain, 610B1 strain, 648A1 strain, and the like.
- clinical grade cell lines provided by Kyoto University, Cellular Dynamics International, etc., and research and clinical cell lines produced using these cell lines may be used.
- mouse ESCs can use various mouse ESC strains established by inGenious targeting laboratory, RIKEN (RIKEN), etc.
- RIKEN RIKEN
- human ESC strains include NIH CHB-1 to CHB-12, RUES1, RUES2, HUES1 to HUES28 strains, WisCell Research H1 and H9 strains, RIKEN KhES-1 and KhES-2 strains. strain, KhES-3 strain, KhES-4 strain, KhES-5 strain, SSES1 strain, SSES2 strain, SSES3 strain, etc. can be used.
- clinical grade cell lines and research and clinical cell lines generated using those cell lines may be used.
- “Comprise(s) or comprising” means the inclusion of elements following the phrase, but is not limited to this. Thus, the inclusion of the elements following the phrase, but not the exclusion of any other element, is suggested. By “consisting of” is meant including and limited to any element following the phrase. Thus, the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed element is required or required and that other elements are substantially absent. “consisting essentially of or consisting essentially of” includes any element that follows the phrase and that does not affect the activity or action specified in this disclosure for that element. not be limited to other elements. Thus, the phrase “consisting essentially of” indicates that the listed elements are required or required but other elements are optional and that they affect the activity or action of the listed elements. indicates that it may or may not be present, depending on whether it exerts
- a CAR gene (scFv-CD8 hinge region that recognizes and binds GPC3-CD8 transmembrane region-CD28 intracellular region-4-1BB intracellular region-CD3 ⁇ intracellular region was used as a foreign gene. ), IL-7 gene, and CCL19 gene were introduced via a self-cleavage linker 2A sequence. After washing the cells with culture medium, the total amount of cells was cultured on a culture plate with culture medium for 4-6 days.
- Activated cells were diluted with culture medium using the LOVO Cell processing system (Fresenius Kabi) and transferred to a culture bag pre-coated with Retrorectin (Takara Bio Inc.) and Retrovirus at 6.07x10 5 cells/cm 2 . The cells were seeded below and cultured until the next day (gene transfer step).
- a CAR gene (scFv-CD8 hinge region that recognizes and binds GPC3-CD8 transmembrane region-CD28 intracellular region-4-1BB intracellular region-CD3 ⁇ intracellular region was used as a foreign gene.
- IL-7 gene, and CCL19 gene were introduced via a self-cleavage linker 2A sequence.
- the cells were seeded in culture bottles (G-REX, Wilson Wolf) at 2.2 ⁇ 10 6 cells/cm 2 or less and cultured for 3 to 7 days.
- the ratio of CAR-expressing cells and the number of CAR-expressing cells in samples after production were calculated by measuring CAR-expressing cells in CD45-expressing or CD3-expressing cells in samples using Protein-L. . Also, the percentage of cells expressing T cell activation markers (CD25, CD69) immediately after the activation step was calculated by measuring the cells expressing the markers among CD3 expressing cells or CD4 + or CD8 + expressing cells in the sample.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the number of expressing cells.
- the percentage of CAR-expressing cells peaked at 40 hours in a donor-independent manner (Fig. 2A).
- the number of CAR-expressing cells also tended to increase after 40 hours (Fig. 2B).
- FIG. 4 shows the results of measuring activated T cells using as an indicator, and the results of analyzing the remaining amount of TransACT and IL-2 used for activation in the culture supernatant.
- the percentage of CD25- or CD69-expressing cells did not differ between activation times (40, 44, 48 hours) immediately after the activation step (Figs. 4A and B).
- Percentage of CAR-expressing cells by flow cytometry for the cell population obtained by "(3) Production of CAR-T cells on a clinical scale using T cells" is shown in FIG.
- the percentage of CAR-expressing cells tended to increase at 40 hours in a donor-independent manner. Also, at 36 hours, the percentage of CAR-expressing cells decreased, and 36 hours of activation was insufficient to produce CAR-T cells.
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Abstract
Description
がんの治療法の一つにCAR-T細胞療法が知られている。CAR-T細胞は、例えば、患者自身から採取した自家のT細胞を用いて製造されるが、製造コストの高さおよび製造失敗のリスクが事業上の課題の一つとなっている。特にCAR-T細胞療法を受けるがん患者の多くは抗がん剤による治療等によって健常人に比べてT細胞がダメージを受けているため、患者由来T細胞からCAR-T細胞を製造する過程では製造効率が低くなる傾向がある。
[1]
T細胞を36時間超48時間未満、CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを含有する培地で活性化する工程を含む、T細胞の活性化方法。
[2]
前記CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストが、担体に担持されたものである、項1に記載の活性化方法。
[3]
前記担体が、可動性ポリマー鎖のマトリックスまたはビーズである、項2に記載の活性化方法。
[4]
前記CD3アゴニストおよびCD28アゴニストが、それぞれ抗CD3抗体および抗CD28抗体である、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の活性化方法。
[5]
項1に記載の活性化方法によりT細胞を活性化する工程、
活性化されたT細胞に外来遺伝子を導入する工程、および
外来遺伝子が導入されたT細胞を培養する工程
を含む、遺伝子改変T細胞の製造方法。
[6]
項5に記載の製造方法により得られた、遺伝子改変T細胞を含む細胞集団。
[7]
外来遺伝子がキメラ抗原受容体の遺伝子である、項5に記載の製造方法。
[8]
培地に添加し、T細胞を36時間超48時間未満活性化工程に付すために使用される、CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを担持した可動性ポリマー鎖のマトリックスまたはビーズ。
[9]
外来遺伝子を導入するためのT細胞活性化用キットであって、
担体に担持されたCD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストと、
T細胞を36時間超48時間未満、前記CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを含有する培地で活性化することが記載された説明書と、を含むキット。
本発明の活性化方法は、T細胞を活性化するための方法であって、T細胞を36時間超48時間未満、CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを含有する培地で活性化する工程(本明細書において「活性化工程」と呼ぶ。)を含む。
本発明の製造方法は、遺伝子改変T細胞を製造するための方法であって、下記の工程1~工程3を含む。
工程1:本発明の活性化方法によりT細胞を活性化する工程
工程2:活性化されたT細胞に外来遺伝子を導入する工程(本明細書において「導入工程」と呼ぶ。)
工程3:外来遺伝子が導入されたT細胞を培養する工程(本明細書において「培養工程」と呼ぶ。)
活性化工程は、前述した本発明の活性化方法を実施することにより、T細胞を活性化する工程である。活性化工程の詳細は、本発明の活性化方法について前述した事項を参照することができる。
導入工程は、活性化工程により得られたT細胞に外来遺伝子を導入する工程である。
T細胞が発現するCARは基本的に、一般的ないし公知のCARと同様に、(i)標的認識部位、(ii)細胞膜貫通領域、および(iii)T細胞の活性化を誘導するシグナル伝達領域、の各部位のペプチドが、必要応じてスペーサーを介して連結することによって構成されている。
T細胞にCARと共に発現させることができるサイトカインとしては、各種のサイトカインが公知であり、本発明においても公知のサイトカインを外来遺伝子により発現させることができる。そのようなサイトカインとしては、例えば、IL-7、IL-15、IL-18、IL-21、IL-27などが挙げられる。T細胞が発現するサイトカインは、1種であってよいし、2種以上であってもよい。サイトカインは、外来遺伝子を導入するT細胞(そのT細胞が有するサイトカインの受容体)と同じ動物種(ヒトまたはヒト以外の哺乳動物)に由来するものが好ましい。ヒト由来およびヒト以外の哺乳動物由来の天然の各種のサイトカインのアミノ酸配列は公知であり、NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/)、UniProt(The Universal Protein Resource; https://www.uniprot.org)などのデータベースにも登録されているので、それらの情報を本発明でも利用することができる。
T細胞にCARと共に発現させることができるケモカインとしては、各種のケモカインが公知であり、本発明においても公知のケモカインを外来遺伝子により発現させることができる。そのようなケモカインとしては、例えば、CCL19が挙げられる。T細胞が発現するケモカインは、1種であってもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。ケモカインは、外来遺伝子を導入するT細胞(そのT細胞が有するケモカインの受容体)と同じ動物種(ヒトまたはヒト以外の哺乳動物)に由来するものが好ましい。ヒト由来およびヒト以外の哺乳動物由来の天然の各種のケモカインのアミノ酸配列は公知であり、NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/)、UniProt(The Universal Protein Resource; https://www.uniprot.org)などのデータベースにも登録されているので、それらの情報を本発明でも利用することができる。
培養工程は、外来遺伝子が導入されたT細胞を培養する工程である。培養工程における培養期間は、所望のタンパク質がT細胞に発現するのに十分な期間とすればよく、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば20日間、好ましくは3~7日間である。
「人工多能性幹細胞(iPSC)」とは、哺乳動物体細胞または未分化幹細胞に、特定の因子(核初期化因子)を導入して再プログラミングすることにより得られる細胞を指す。現在、「人工多能性幹細胞」にはさまざまなものがあり、山中らにより、マウス線維芽細胞にOct3/4・Sox2・Klf4・c-Mycの4因子を導入することにより、樹立されたiPSC(Takahashi K, Yamanaka S., Cell, (2006) 126: 663-676)のほか、同様の4因子をヒト線維芽細胞に導入して樹立されたヒト細胞由来のiPSC(Takahashi K, Yamanaka S., et al. Cell, (2007) 131: 861-872.)、上記4因子導入後、Nanogの発現を指標として選別し、樹立したNanog-iPS細胞(Okita, K., Ichisaka, T., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.)、c-Mycを含まない方法で作製されたiPS細胞(Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al. Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, 101 - 106)、ウイルスフリー法で6因子を導入して樹立されたiPS細胞(Okita K et al. Nat. Methods 2011 May;8(5):409-12, Okita K et al. Stem Cells. 31(3):458-66.)も用いることができる。また、Thomsonらにより作製されたOCT3/4・SOX2・NANOG・LIN28の4因子を導入して樹立された人工多能性幹細胞(Yu J., Thomson JA. et al., Science (2007) 318: 1917-1920.)、Daleyらにより作製された人工多能性幹細胞(Park IH, Daley GQ. et al., Nature (2007) 451: 141-146)、桜田らにより作製された人工多能性幹細胞(日本国特開2008-307007号)等も用いることができる。このほか、公開されているすべての論文(例えば、Shi Y., Ding S., et al., Cell Stem Cell, (2008) Vol3, Issue 5,568-574;Kim JB., Scholer HR., et al., Nature, (2008) 454, 646-650;Huangfu D., Melton, DA., et al., Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, No 7, 795-797)、あるいは特許(例えば、日本国特開2008-307007号公報、日本国特開2008-283972号公報、米国特許出願公開第2008/2336610号明細書、米国特許出願公開第2009/047263号明細書、国際公開第2007/069666号、国際公開第2008/118220号、国際公開第2008/124133号、国際公開第2008/151058号、国際公開第2009/006930号、国際公開第2009/006997号、国際公開第2009/007852号)に記載されている当該分野で公知の人工多能性幹細胞のいずれも用いることができる。
(1)培地
CTSTM OpTmizerTM T-Cell Expansion Basal Medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific)に2.6% CTSTM OpTmizerTM T-Cell Expansion Supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific)、1% L-Glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific)、1% Streptomycinおよび2% CTSTM Immune Cell SR(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を添加し、基礎培地を作製した。その基礎培地に20 IU/mLもしくは40IU/mLになるようにMACS GMP IL-2 (Miltenyi Biotec)を添加し、培養培地とした。
Human PBMC(4ドナー:それぞれDonor A, B, CおよびDとする)を解凍後に、培養培地で1.0x106 cells/mLになるように希釈した。細胞懸濁液: MACS GMP T-Cell TransACT(Miltenyi Biotec)=17.5:1になるように培養プレートに播種し、24-72時間培養した(活性化工程)。活性化後の細胞を遠心し、新しい培養培地に置換後にRetronectin (タカラバイオ株式会社)とRetrovirusで事前にコートしておいた培養プレートに5.0x104 cells/cm2で播種し、翌日まで培養した(遺伝子導入工程)。前記遺伝子導入工程において、外来遺伝子として、CAR遺伝子(GPC3を認識および結合するscFv-CD8ヒンジ領域-CD8膜貫通領域-CD28の細胞内領域-4-1BBの細胞内領域-CD3ζの細胞内領域を含む)、IL-7遺伝子、CCL19遺伝子が自己切断型リンカーである2A配列を介して結合した構造の遺伝子を導入した。細胞を培養培地で洗浄後に、全量を培養培地で培養プレートにて4-6日間培養した。
Leukopak (ヒトの白血球アフェレーシス品、HemaCare)(3ドナー:それぞれDonor E, FおよびGとする)を解凍後に、CliniMACS Prodigy(Miltenyi Biotec)でCliniMACS CD4 GMP Microbeads(Miltenyi Biotec)およびCliniMACS CD8 GMP Microbeads(Miltenyi Biotec)を用いてT細胞を分離した。分離後のT細胞を2.0x106 cells/mL以下になるように培養培地で希釈した。細胞懸濁液: MACS GMP T-Cell TransACT(Miltenyi Biotec)=17.5:1になるように培養バッグに播種し、36-48時間培養した(活性化工程)。活性化後の細胞をLOVO Cell processing system (Fresenius Kabi)を用いて培養培地で希釈し、Retronectin (タカラバイオ株式会社)とRetrovirusで事前にコートしておいた培養バッグに6.07x105 cells/cm2以下で播種し、 翌日まで培養した(遺伝子導入工程)。前記遺伝子導入工程において、外来遺伝子として、CAR遺伝子(GPC3を認識および結合するscFv-CD8ヒンジ領域-CD8膜貫通領域-CD28の細胞内領域-4-1BBの細胞内領域-CD3ζの細胞内領域を含む)、IL-7遺伝子、CCL19遺伝子が自己切断型リンカーである2A配列を介して結合した構造の遺伝子を導入した。2.2x106 cells/cm2以下で培養ボトル(G-REX, Wilson Wolf)に播種し、3-7日間培養した。
製造後のサンプルにおけるCAR発現細胞の割合およびCAR発現細胞数は、サンプル中のCD45発現またはCD3発現細胞中のCAR発現細胞をProtein-Lを用いて測定することで算出した。また活性化工程直後のT細胞活性化マーカー(CD25, CD69)発現細胞の割合は、サンプル中のCD3発現細胞またはCD4+またはCD8+発現細胞中の当該マーカー発現細胞を測定することで算出した。
活性化工程後の培地におけるTransACTの残量はT Cell Activation Bioassays (Promega,J1621)を用いて測定した。IL-2の残量はHuman IL-2 DuoSet ELISA(R&D systems, cat#DY202)を用いて測定した。
「(2)PBMCを用いたスモールスケールでのCAR-T細胞の製造」により得られた細胞集団(活性化工程24、48または72時間)について、フローサイトメトリーにてCAR発現細胞の割合およびCAR発現細胞数を測定した結果を図1に示す。CAR発現細胞の割合は、ドナー非依存的に48時間で最大となった(図1A)。またCAR発現細胞数も同様に48時間で多くなる傾向が見られた(図1B)。
Claims (9)
- T細胞を36時間超48時間未満、CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを含有する培地で活性化する工程を含む、T細胞の活性化方法。
- 前記CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストが、担体に担持されたものである、請求項1に記載の活性化方法。
- 前記担体が、可動性ポリマー鎖のマトリックスまたはビーズである、請求項2に記載の活性化方法。
- 前記CD3アゴニストおよびCD28アゴニストが、それぞれ抗CD3抗体および抗CD28抗体である、請求項1に記載の活性化方法。
- 請求項1に記載の活性化方法によりT細胞を活性化する工程、
活性化されたT細胞に外来遺伝子を導入する工程、および
外来遺伝子が導入されたT細胞を培養する工程
を含む、遺伝子改変T細胞の製造方法。 - 請求項5に記載の製造方法により得られた、遺伝子改変T細胞を含む細胞集団。
- 外来遺伝子がキメラ抗原受容体の遺伝子である、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 培地に添加し、T細胞を36時間超48時間未満活性化工程に付すために使用される、CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを担持した可動性ポリマー鎖のマトリックスまたはビーズ。
- 外来遺伝子を導入するためのT細胞活性化用キットであって、
担体に担持されたCD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストと、
T細胞を36時間超48時間未満、前記CD3アゴニストおよび/またはCD28アゴニストを含有する培地で活性化することが記載された説明書と、を含むキット。
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