WO2022213436A1 - 一种制动钳活塞回位装置 - Google Patents

一种制动钳活塞回位装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022213436A1
WO2022213436A1 PCT/CN2021/090975 CN2021090975W WO2022213436A1 WO 2022213436 A1 WO2022213436 A1 WO 2022213436A1 CN 2021090975 W CN2021090975 W CN 2021090975W WO 2022213436 A1 WO2022213436 A1 WO 2022213436A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
main
rod
piston
return device
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PCT/CN2021/090975
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈秀康
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玉环思安安全设备股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022213436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213436A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02—Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of automobile brake maintenance aids, in particular to a brake caliper piston return device.
  • the brake pad will wear out quickly, and the brake caliper piston automatically compensates for the gap between the brake pad and the brake disc during the braking process.
  • the caliper piston must be retracted to the bottom before new brake pads can be installed. Or the piston needs to be returned to the bottom of the brake caliper when the brake caliper is repaired.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a brake caliper piston return device.
  • a brake caliper piston return device the structure of which includes a fixed structure, a fixed nut, a screw rod, and a wrench
  • the bottom of the fixed structure is welded with the fixed nut
  • the fixed nut is welded together.
  • the screw rod is connected with the screw thread, and the rod head of the screw rod is matched with the wrench piece.
  • the fixing structure includes a main piston rod, a nut, a main piston, a main cylinder, a secondary cylinder, a secondary piston, and a secondary piston rod.
  • the main cylinder is communicated with the middle of the secondary cylinder, and the main cylinder
  • There is a main piston in the body the main piston is connected with the main piston rod, the outer end of the main cylinder is embedded with a nut, the two ends of the auxiliary cylinder are respectively provided with auxiliary pistons, and the auxiliary piston is connected with the auxiliary piston rod. connected.
  • an external thread is provided on the outer side of the main piston rod, and the main piston rod is matched with the internal thread of the nut through the external thread.
  • a gear is connected to the rod head of the screw rod, and the gear is matched with the wrench.
  • the wrench member includes a C-shaped member, a rod body, and a handle, the outer side of the C-shaped member is welded with one end of the rod body, and the other end of the rod body is connected with the handle.
  • the C-shaped piece is provided with a groove, a movable tooth is installed in the groove, a limit block is provided on the inner side of the groove, and a support plate is provided on the outer side of the movable tooth, and the support plate passes through a spring. Connected with the inside of the groove, the movable teeth are matched with the gears.
  • the inner side of the C-shaped piece is provided with three evenly distributed holding rods, and the holding rods are provided with balls.
  • the gear consists of a cylinder and teeth, and the middle of the cylinder is provided with evenly distributed teeth.
  • the outer end of the auxiliary piston rod is provided with a rubber pad.
  • the two sides of the teeth on the cylinder are white and smooth.
  • the blanks of the cylinder are in contact with the balls.
  • the balls are arranged on the outside of the movable teeth, and the two are on different horizontal planes.
  • the auxiliary cylinder When the invention is in use, the auxiliary cylinder is placed above the caliper of the brake caliper, and then the main piston rod is rotated to push the main piston inward, so that the air pressure of the main cylinder runs into the auxiliary cylinder, so as to push the auxiliary piston Push it outward until the secondary piston rods at both ends are firmly against the inner side of the pliers and then stop, so that the fixing nut can be positioned so that the fixing nut has a support point, and then the screw is rotated forward by the pulling piece, so that the brake The piston of the pliers pushes inward. When the screw is pulled, the puller moves up and down continuously. When it moves downward, the movable tooth can push the gear to rotate.
  • the movable tooth When it moves upward, the movable tooth can move inward and smoothly pass over the tooth. , it is convenient to push the tooth downward next time, and the holding rod and the ball can make the C-shaped piece always be on the same circle center as the gear, and can keep the movable track of the C-shaped piece consistent with the gear.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the return device can be fixed in the clamp body through the fixing structure, and there are no restrictions, and through the cooperation of the pulling member and the gear, the screw can be adjusted by moving up and down continuously. Proceed to improve efficiency, because the length of the rod body is longer, so it is more labor-saving when pulling.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a brake caliper piston return device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixing structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the wrench according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of part A in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of part B in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the gear of the present invention.
  • fixed structure 1 fixed nut 2, screw 3, puller 4, main piston rod 10, nut 11, main piston 12, main cylinder 13, auxiliary cylinder 14, auxiliary piston 15, auxiliary piston rod 16, Gear 31 , C-shaped piece 40 , rod body 41 , handle 42 , groove 400 , movable tooth 401 , limit block 402 , support plate 403 , spring 404 , holding rod 43 , ball 44 , cylinder 310 , tooth 311 .
  • the present invention provides a technical solution of a brake caliper piston return device: its structure includes a fixing structure 1, a fixing nut 2, a screw 3, and a pulling member 4, and the bottom of the fixing structure 1 is connected to the fixing nut. 2 are welded together, the fixing nut 2 and the screw rod 3 are connected by thread, the rod head of the screw rod 3 is matched with the wrench member 4, and the fixing structure 1 includes the main piston rod 10, the nut 11, the main piston 12 , the main cylinder 13, the auxiliary cylinder 14, the auxiliary piston 15, the auxiliary piston rod 16, the main cylinder 13 is communicated with the middle of the auxiliary cylinder 14, and the main cylinder 13 is provided with the main piston 12, so
  • the main piston 12 is connected with the main piston rod 10, the outer end of the main cylinder 13 is embedded with a nut 11, the two ends of the auxiliary cylinder 14 are respectively provided with auxiliary pistons 15, the auxiliary piston 15 and the auxiliary piston rod 16
  • the main piston rod 10 is provided with an external thread on the outside, the main piston rod
  • the present invention provides a technical solution of a brake caliper piston return device: its structure includes a fixing structure 1, a fixing nut 2, a screw 3, and a pulling member 4.
  • the bottom of the fixing structure 1 is connected to the fixing nut. 2 are welded together, the fixing nut 2 and the screw rod 3 are connected by thread, the rod head of the screw rod 3 is matched with the wrench member 4, and the fixing structure 1 includes the main piston rod 10, the nut 11, the main piston 12 , the main cylinder 13, the auxiliary cylinder 14, the auxiliary piston 15, the auxiliary piston rod 16, the main cylinder 13 is communicated with the middle of the auxiliary cylinder 14, and the main cylinder 13 is provided with the main piston 12, so
  • the main piston 12 is connected with the main piston rod 10, the outer end of the main cylinder 13 is embedded with a nut 11, the two ends of the auxiliary cylinder 14 are respectively provided with auxiliary pistons 15, and the auxiliary piston 15 is connected to the auxiliary piston rod.
  • the outer side of the main piston rod 10 is provided with an external thread
  • the main piston rod 10 is matched with the internal thread of the nut 11 through the external thread
  • the rod head of the screw 3 is connected with a gear 31
  • the gear 31 cooperates with the pulling member 4
  • the outer end of the auxiliary piston rod 16 is provided with a rubber pad, which increases the friction force with the clamp body and improves the fixing effect.
  • the pulling member 4 includes a C-shaped member 40, a rod body 41, The handle 42, the outer side of the C-shaped piece 40 is welded with one end of the rod body 41, the other end of the rod body 41 is connected with the handle 42, the C-shaped piece 40 is provided with a groove 400, and the groove 400 is installed inside There is a movable tooth 401 , the inner side of the groove 400 is provided with a limit block 402 , the outer side of the movable tooth 401 is provided with a support plate 403 , and the support plate 403 is connected with the interior of the groove 400 by a spring 404 , the movable tooth 401 In cooperation with the gear 31, the C-shaped member 40 is provided with three evenly distributed holding rods 43 on the inner side.
  • the holding rods 43 are provided with balls 44.
  • the gear 31 consists of a cylinder 310 and teeth 311. There are evenly distributed teeth 311 in the middle of the cylindrical body 310. The teeth 311 on the cylindrical body 310 are smooth on both sides with a blank space.
  • the center position of the C-shaped member 40 is fixed, and the balls 44 are arranged on the outside of the movable teeth 401, and the two are on different horizontal planes to prevent contact with the balls 44 and the teeth 311 and facilitate their respective movements.
  • the technical progress of the present invention is that: the return device can be fixed in the clamp body through the fixing structure, and there are no restrictions, and the screw can be pushed forward by continuously moving up and down through the cooperation of the puller and the gear. , improve the efficiency, because the length of the rod body is longer, so it is more labor-saving when pulling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其结构包括固定结构（1）、固定螺母（2）、螺杆（3）、扳动件（4），固定结构（1）底部与固定螺母（2）焊接在一起，固定螺母（2）与螺杆（3）采用螺纹连接，螺杆（3）的杆头处与扳动件（4）相配合，固定结构（1）包括主活塞杆（10）、螺母（11）、主活塞（12）、主缸体（13）、副缸体（14）、副活塞（15）、副活塞杆（16），主缸体（13）与副缸体（14）的中间相连通，主缸体（13）内设有主活塞（12），主活塞（12）与主活塞杆（10）相连接，主缸体（13）外端嵌有螺母（11），副缸体(14)两端分别设有副活塞(15)。在实际应用中，通过固定结构能够将回位装置在钳体内进行固定，提高效率，且在扳动时更加省力。

Description

一种制动钳活塞回位装置 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车制动器维修辅具技术领域，具体地说是一种制动钳活塞回位装置。
背景技术
汽车制动器在刹车使用过程中制动块会快速磨损，制动钳活塞在刹车过程中自动弥补制动块与制动盘间间隙，在制动块磨损到极限需更换时，需先将制动钳活塞退回底部才能安装新制动块。或者制动钳维修时也需将活塞退回制动钳底部。
现有技术有采用杠杆方式的，但推入的用力点需要活塞具有插孔，有限制条件；也有采用螺纹旋转推进的方式，但该方式没有支点，支撑点较难固定，且螺杆旋转需要无法连续进行操作，采用手动只能进行间歇旋转推动，效率慢且省力。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种制动钳活塞回位装置。
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现：一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其结构包括固定结构、固定螺母、螺杆、扳动件，所述固定结构底部与固定螺母焊接在一起，所述固定螺母与螺杆采用螺纹连接，所述螺杆的杆头处与扳动件相配合。
作为优化，所述固定结构包括主活塞杆、螺母、主活塞、主 缸体、副缸体、副活塞、副活塞杆，所述主缸体与副缸体的中间相连通，所述主缸体内设有主活塞，所述主活塞与主活塞杆相连接，所述主缸体外端嵌有螺母，所述副缸体两端分别设有副活塞，所述副活塞与副活塞杆相连接。
作为优化，所述主活塞杆外侧设有外螺纹，所述主活塞杆通过外螺纹与螺母的内螺纹相配合。
作为优化，所述螺杆的杆头处连接有齿轮，所述齿轮与扳动件相配合。
作为优化，所述扳动件包括C形件、杆体、手柄，所述C形件外侧与杆体一端焊接在一起，所述杆体另一端与手柄相连接。
作为优化，所述C形件内设有凹槽，所述凹槽内安装有活动齿，所述凹槽内侧设有限位块，所述活动齿外侧设有支板，所述支板通过弹簧与凹槽内部相连接，所述活动齿与齿轮相配合。
作为优化，所述C形件内侧设有3个均匀分布的保持杆，所述保持杆上设有滚珠。
作为优化，所述齿轮由圆柱体和齿组成，所述圆柱体圆柱体的中间设有均匀分布的齿。
作为优化，所述副活塞杆的外端设有橡胶垫。
作为优化，所述圆柱体上的齿两侧为留白的圆滑状。
作为优化，所述圆柱体的留白处与滚珠相接触。
作为优化，所述滚珠设在活动齿外侧，两者处于部不同水平面上。
有益效果
本发明在使用时，将副缸体放在制动钳的钳体内上方，然后旋转主活塞杆将主活塞向内推动，使主缸体的的气压跑到副缸体中，从而将副活塞向外推，直到两端的副活塞杆死死抵住钳体内侧后停止，这样能够对固定螺母进行定位，使固定螺母具有支撑点，然后利用扳动件扳动螺杆旋转前进，从而将制动钳的活塞向内推进，在扳动螺杆时，扳动件不断上下运动，在向下运动时，能够使活动齿推动齿轮进行旋转，在向上运动使，活动齿能够向内移动从而顺利越过齿，便于下一次向下推动齿，而保持杆与滚珠能够使C形件始终与齿轮位于同一圆心上，能够对保持C形件的活动轨道与齿轮一致。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过固定结构能够将回位装置在钳体内进行固定，且没有限制条件，而通过扳动件与齿轮的配合，通过不断上下移动能够对螺杆进行推进，提高效率，由于杆体的长度较长，因此在扳动使更加省力。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明一种制动钳活塞回位装置的结构示意图。
图2为本发明固定结构的结构示意图。
图3为本发明扳动件的结构示意图。
图4为图3中A部分的放大结构示意图。
图5为图3中B部分的放大结构示意图。
图6为本发明齿轮的结构示意图。
图中：固定结构1、固定螺母2、螺杆3、扳动件4、主活塞杆10、螺母11、主活塞12、主缸体13、副缸体14、副活塞15、副活塞杆16、齿轮31、C形件40、杆体41、手柄42、凹槽400、活动齿401、限位块402、支板403、弹簧404、保持杆43、滚珠44、圆柱体310、齿311。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
请参阅图1-3，本发明提供一种制动钳活塞回位装置技术方案：其结构包括固定结构1、固定螺母2、螺杆3、扳动件4，所述固定结构1底部与固定螺母2焊接在一起，所述固定螺母2与螺杆3采用螺纹连接，所述螺杆3的杆头处与扳动件4相配合，所述固定结构1包括主活塞杆10、螺母11、主活塞12、主缸体13、副缸体14、副活塞15、副活塞杆16，所述主缸体13与副缸体14的中间相连通，所述主缸体13内设有主活塞12，所述主活塞12与主活塞杆10相连接，所述主缸体13外端嵌有螺母11， 所述副缸体14两端分别设有副活塞15，所述副活塞15与副活塞杆16相连接，所述主活塞杆10外侧设有外螺纹，所述主活塞杆10通过外螺纹与螺母11的内螺纹相配合，所述螺杆3的杆头处连接有齿轮31，所述齿轮31与扳动件4相配合，所述副活塞杆16的外端设有橡胶垫，增加与钳体的摩擦力，提高固定效果。
工作原理：在使用时，将副缸体14放在制动钳的钳体内上方，然后旋转主活塞杆1 0将主活塞12向内推动，使主缸体1 3的的气压跑到副缸体14中，从而将副活塞15向外推，直到两端的副活塞杆16死死抵住钳体内侧后停止，这样能够对固定螺母2进行定位，使固定螺母2具有支撑点，然后利用扳动件4扳动螺杆3旋转前进，从而将制动钳的活塞向内推进。
实施例2
请参阅图1-6，本发明提供一种制动钳活塞回位装置技术方案：其结构包括固定结构1、固定螺母2、螺杆3、扳动件4，所述固定结构1底部与固定螺母2焊接在一起，所述固定螺母2与螺杆3采用螺纹连接，所述螺杆3的杆头处与扳动件4相配合，所述固定结构1包括主活塞杆10、螺母11、主活塞12、主缸体13、副缸体14、副活塞15、副活塞杆16，所述主缸体13与副缸体14的中间相连通，所述主缸体13内设有主活塞12，所述主活塞12与主活塞杆10相连接，所述主缸体1 3外端嵌有螺母11，所述副缸体14两端分别设有副活塞15，所述副活塞15与副活塞 杆16相连接，所述主活塞杆10外侧设有外螺纹，所述主活塞杆10通过外螺纹与螺母11的内螺纹相配合，所述螺杆3的杆头处连接有齿轮31，所述齿轮31与扳动件4相配合，所述副活塞杆16的外端设有橡胶垫，增加与钳体的摩擦力，提高固定效果，所述扳动件4包括C形件40、杆体41、手柄42，所述C形件40外侧与杆体41一端焊接在一起，所述杆体41另一端与手柄42相连接，所述C形件40内设有凹槽400，所述凹槽400内安装有活动齿401，所述凹槽400内侧设有限位块402，所述活动齿401外侧设有支板403，所述支板403通过弹簧404与凹槽400内部相连接，所述活动齿401与齿轮31相配合，所述C形件40内侧设有3个均匀分布的保持杆43，所述保持杆43上设有滚珠44，所述齿轮31由圆柱体310和齿311组成，所述圆柱体圆柱体310的中间设有均匀分布的齿311，所述圆柱体310上的齿311两侧为留白的圆滑状，所述圆柱体310的留白处与滚珠44相接触，能够对C形件40的圆心位置进行固定，所述滚珠44设在活动齿401外侧，两者处于部不同水平面上，防止与滚珠44与齿311接触，便于各自活动。
工作原理：在扳动螺杆3时，扳动件4不断上下运动，在向下运动时，能够使活动齿401推动齿轮31进行旋转，在向上运动使，活动齿401能够向内移动从而顺利越过齿311，便于下一次向下推动齿311，而保持杆43与滚珠44能够使C形件40始终与齿轮31位于同一圆心上，能够对保持C形件40的活动轨道 与齿轮31一致。
本发明相对现有技术获得的技术进步是：通过固定结构能够将回位装置在钳体内进行固定，且没有限制条件，而通过扳动件与齿轮的配合，通过不断上下移动能够对螺杆进行推进，提高效率，由于杆体的长度较长，因此在扳动使更加省力。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其结构包括固定结构(1)、固定螺母(2)、螺杆(3)、扳动件(4)，其特征在于：所述固定结构(1)底部与固定螺母(2)焊接在一起，所述固定螺母(2)与螺杆(3)采用螺纹连接，所述螺杆(3)的杆头处与扳动件(4)相配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述固定结构(1)包括主活塞杆(10)、螺母(11)、主活塞(12)、主缸体(13)、副缸体(14)、副活塞(15)、副活塞杆(16)，所述主缸体(13)与副缸体(14)的中间相连通，所述主缸体(13)内设有主活塞(12)，所述主活塞(12)与主活塞杆(10)相连接，所述主缸体(13)外端嵌有螺母(11)，所述副缸体(14)两端分别设有副活塞(15)，所述副活塞(15)与副活塞杆(16)相连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述主活塞杆(10)外侧设有外螺纹，所述主活塞杆(10)通过外螺纹与螺母(11)的内螺纹相配合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述螺杆(3)的杆头处连接有齿轮(31)，所述齿轮(31)与扳动件(4)相配合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述扳动件(4)包括C形件(40)、杆体(41)、手柄(42)，所述C形件(40)外侧与杆体(41)一端焊接在一起，所述杆体(41)另一端与手柄(42)相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述C形件(40)内设有凹槽(400)，所述凹槽(400)内安装有活动齿(401)，所述凹槽(400)内侧设有限位块(402)，所述活动齿(401)外侧设有支板(403)，所述支板(403)通过弹簧(404)与凹槽(400)内部相连接，所述活动齿(401)与齿轮(31)相配合。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述C形件(40)内侧设有3个均匀分布的保持杆(43)，所述保持杆(43)上设有滚珠(44)。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的一种制动钳活塞回位装置，其特征在于：所述齿轮(31)由圆柱体(310)和齿(311)组成，所述圆柱体圆柱体(310)的中间设有均匀分布的齿(311)。
PCT/CN2021/090975 2021-04-08 2021-04-29 一种制动钳活塞回位装置 WO2022213436A1 (zh)

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