WO2022210902A1 - 導電材分散液、非水電解質二次電池用の正極スラリー、非水電解質二次電池用正極、および非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
導電材分散液、非水電解質二次電池用の正極スラリー、非水電解質二次電池用正極、および非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- positive electrode
- conductive material
- electrolyte secondary
- secondary battery
- mass
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a conductive material dispersion, a positive electrode slurry for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, a positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have high output and high energy density, they are used in a wide range of applications, including consumer and automotive applications. In recent years, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are required to have higher durability and higher energy density.
- a technique for increasing the conductivity of the positive electrode mixture layer is known.
- a conductive material such as carbon nanotubes is added to the positive electrode mixture.
- a conductive material that easily aggregates, such as carbon nanotubes it is important to uniformly disperse the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-19705 discloses that a dispersion liquid used for manufacturing an electrode includes "a bundle-type carbon nanotube, a dispersion medium, and a residual double bond (RDB) value calculated by the following mathematical formula 1. is 0.5 to 40% by weight, and the carbon nanotube dispersion has a particle size distribution D50 of 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- RDB (% by weight) BD weight / (BD weight + HBD weight) x 100.
- BD is a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene
- HBD is a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene. each means a structural unit.”
- one object of the present disclosure is to provide a dispersion in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed with good dispersibility.
- the conductive material dispersion contains a conductive material containing carbon nanotubes, a dispersant, and an aprotic polar solvent, and the dispersant contains polyvinylpyrrolidones and a cellulose derivative.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode slurry for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, containing the conductive material dispersion according to the present disclosure and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries produced using the positive electrode slurry according to the present disclosure.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure.
- a dispersion liquid in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed with good dispersibility can be obtained. Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, a positive electrode slurry, a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the dispersion are obtained.
- the conductive material dispersion of the present embodiment contains a conductive material containing carbon nanotubes, a dispersant, and an aprotic polar solvent.
- the conductive material dispersion of the present embodiment may be hereinafter referred to as "dispersion (D)".
- Dispersants include polyvinylpyrrolidones and cellulose derivatives.
- carbon nanotubes tend to aggregate, it is important to disperse them with good dispersibility. If the carbon nanotubes contained in the dispersion liquid are aggregated, the carbon nanotubes remain aggregated in the positive electrode mixture layer of the electrode plate manufactured using the dispersion liquid. Therefore, it is important to disperse the carbon nanotubes with good dispersibility in the dispersion liquid.
- cellulose derivatives used as dispersants include alkylcelluloses such as methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcelluloses, and alkali metal salts thereof.
- alkali metals that form alkali metal salts include potassium, sodium, and the like. Among these, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose are preferred.
- the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose derivative may be in the range of 1,000 to 1,000,000 (eg, in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000).
- the weight-average molecular weight of the cellulose derivative may be in the range of 10,000 to 200,000 in terms of increasing the effects of the configuration of the present disclosure.
- the polyvinylpyrrolidones are at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives include polymers in which hydrogen atoms of polyvinylpyrrolidone are substituted with other substituents, such as alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- polyvinylpyrrolidones polyvinylpyrrolidone alone may be used, or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and other monomolecules may be used.
- Other monomolecules include, for example, styrene-based and vinyl acetate-based monomolecules.
- the weight average molecular weight of polyvinylpyrrolidones may be in the range of 1,000 to 2,000,000.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidones may be in the range of 5,000 to 1,000,000 in that the effects of the configuration of the present disclosure are enhanced.
- the amount of the cellulose derivative relative to 100 parts by mass of polyvinylpyrrolidones is preferably in the range of 30 to 400 parts by mass (for example, the range of 100 to 400 parts by mass or the range of 300 to 400 parts by mass).
- the amount in the range of 30 to 400 parts by mass a particularly high effect can be obtained as shown in the examples.
- polyvinylpyrrolidones In dispersing carbon nanotubes, polyvinylpyrrolidones have a certain effect in improving dispersibility due to their good wettability to carbon nanotubes, but there is a problem with long-term dispersion stability due to their small steric hindrance.
- the following specific effects can be obtained by using polyvinylpyrrolidones and cellulose derivatives in combination.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidones function not only as dispersants but also as dispersion aids for cellulose derivatives that exhibit high steric hindrance and exhibit long-term dispersion stability but have low affinity for aprotic polar solvents. It is possible to achieve both dispersibility and long-term dispersion stability.
- the dispersant may further contain nitrile rubber.
- nitrile-based rubbers include copolymers of monomers including acrylonitrile and a diene (eg, butadiene).
- nitrile-based rubbers include acrylonitrile-based rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) and hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (H-NBR).
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- H-NBR hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- the amount of the nitrile rubber relative to 100 parts by mass of polyvinylpyrrolidones may be in the range of 30 to 500 parts by mass (for example, in the range of 100 to 300 parts by mass). By setting the amount in the range of 100 to 300 parts by mass, a particularly high effect can be obtained as shown in the examples.
- a positive electrode slurry for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery for example, a lithium ion secondary battery
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery for example, a lithium ion secondary battery
- a lithium-containing composite oxide in addition to polyvinylpyrrolidones, chemically stable cellulose Derivatives and nitrile rubbers are preferably used.
- Their presence suppresses the side reaction of the lithium component of the positive electrode active material and improves the long-term dispersion stability of the positive electrode slurry.
- positive electrode active materials with a high Ni ratio which are often used in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries due to their high energy density, tend to cause side reactions. Therefore, the effect of the combination of the above materials is particularly large.
- the dispersion (D) may further contain polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Polyvinylidene fluoride is not included in the examples of dispersants.
- the amount of polyvinylidene fluoride with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyvinylpyrrolidones may be in the range of 50 to 5000 parts by weight (for example, in the range of 200 to 2000 parts by weight).
- the weight-average molecular weight of the acrylonitrile-based rubber and polyvinylidene fluoride is not particularly limited as long as it can be used as an additive for the dispersion liquid (D).
- the weight average molecular weight of the nitrile rubber may range from 5,000 to 2,000,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride may range from 100,000 to 3,000,000.
- the dispersion (D) may contain dispersants other than those mentioned above. Known dispersants may be used as such other dispersants. However, the proportion of other dispersants in all dispersants is small, for example, 10% by mass or less.
- conductive materials include conductive materials containing carbon.
- carbon-containing conductive materials include conductive carbon particles such as carbon black, graphene and carbon fibers, and fibrous conductive carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes.
- the conductive material contained in the dispersion (D) contains carbon nanotubes as an essential component.
- the fibrous conductive carbon material may be hereinafter referred to as "carbon fiber". Since carbon fibers are preferably carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers can be read as carbon nanotubes in the following description.
- the proportion of carbon nanotubes in all conductive materials is, for example, 50 mass % or more, preferably in the range of 66 to 100 mass % (eg, 80 to 100 mass % or 90 to 100 mass %).
- the content of carbon nanotubes in the dispersion (D) is preferably in the range of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass.
- a carbon nanotube is a carbon fiber with a small nano-sized fiber diameter.
- carbon nanotubes are used as the conductive material, even if the amount is small, the resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer can be reduced.
- the average fiber length of carbon nanotubes may be 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the aspect ratio (ratio of fiber length to fiber outer diameter) of carbon nanotubes, which are carbon fibers becomes extremely large.
- a carbon fiber with a large aspect ratio makes linear contact, not point contact, with the active material and current collector.
- the direct current resistance (DCR) of the battery is improved by interposing the highly conductive carbon fibers between the particles of the positive electrode active material and forming a linear contact with the particles.
- carbon fiber exhibits excellent conductivity with a small amount of addition. Since it occupies only a small volume in the positive electrode mixture layer, it is possible to increase the proportion of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer and increase the capacity. Moreover, as described above, the use of carbon fibers can suppress the adverse effects (increase in resistance) caused by thickening the mixture layer or compressing the mixture layer. Therefore, by using carbon fibers, it is possible to make the mixture layer thicker and to compress the mixture layer more. On the other hand, when further increasing the capacity, it is particularly important to improve the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube dispersion.
- the average fiber length of carbon fibers is obtained by image analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average fiber length of carbon fibers is obtained, for example, by arbitrarily selecting a plurality of (for example, 100) carbon fibers, measuring the lengths, and arithmetically averaging them.
- the fiber length refers to the length of the carbon fiber when it is linearly extended.
- the average fiber diameter (outer diameter) of the carbon fibers is, for example, 20 nm or less, and may be 15 nm or less.
- the average fiber diameter of carbon fibers is determined by image analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the average fiber diameter of carbon fibers is obtained, for example, by arbitrarily selecting a plurality of (for example, 100) carbon fibers, measuring the fiber diameters, and arithmetically averaging them.
- the fiber diameter refers to the length in the direction perpendicular to the fiber length direction.
- Carbon nanotubes may be single wall, double wall, or multi wall, or at least two of them.
- a carbon nanotube having an average fiber diameter of 20 nm or less is preferable because a large effect can be obtained with a small amount.
- the average fiber length of the carbon nanotubes is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of ensuring electron conduction inside the positive electrode.
- the amount of the dispersant may be in the range of 30 to 300 parts by mass (for example, in the range of 30 to 50 parts by mass) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carbon nanotubes.
- the dispersion (D) contains an aprotic polar solvent (aprotic polar dispersion medium) as a dispersion medium.
- aprotic polar solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "NMP") and the like.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the dispersion medium may be composed of only one type of liquid, or may be a mixed liquid of a plurality of types of liquids. When the dispersion medium contains NMP, the proportion of NMP in the dispersion medium may be in the range of 50 to 100% by mass (for example, in the range of 80 to 100% by mass).
- the dispersion medium may consist of NMP only.
- the proportion of the aprotic polar solvent (dispersion medium) in the dispersion (D) should be selected in consideration of the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes and the stability of the dispersion (D).
- the proportion of the aprotic polar solvent in the dispersion (D) may be in the range of 10 to 99 parts by mass.
- the dispersion (D) of the present embodiment satisfies the following condition (1).
- Dispersion (D) preferably satisfies at least one of (2) to (6).
- (2) to (6) can be combined arbitrarily.
- (1) Dispersion (D) contains a dispersant, and the dispersant contains polyvinylpyrrolidones and cellulose derivatives.
- Cellulose derivatives include methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and the like.
- Dispersants include acrylonitrile-based rubbers.
- the acrylonitrile rubber may be NBR, H-NBR, for example.
- Dispersion (D) contains polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidones are polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the dispersion (D) of the present embodiment can be used to form a mixture layer (active material layer) of a battery electrode.
- the dispersion (D) can be used for forming a mixture layer of electrodes (positive electrode, negative electrode) of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and is particularly preferably used for a positive electrode mixture layer.
- At least part of the dispersant contained in the dispersion (D) may function as a binder in the mixture layer.
- a positive electrode slurry (positive electrode slurry for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery) is prepared using the dispersion (D).
- the positive electrode slurry contains a positive electrode active material (positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery), a dispersion (D), and optionally other substances (other components such as thickeners and other dispersion media ) can be prepared by mixing In other words, the positive electrode slurry can be said to contain the dispersion (D).
- the positive electrode slurry may be a slurry containing the component of the dispersion (D) and the positive electrode active material. That is, an example positive electrode slurry contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive material containing carbon nanotubes, a dispersant, and an aprotic polar solvent, and the dispersant contains polyvinylpyrrolidones and a cellulose derivative.
- the active material may be any active material that can be used in the target battery, and known active materials may be used.
- examples of positive electrode active materials include composite oxides containing lithium and transition metals.
- An example of the positive electrode slurry according to the present disclosure includes a conductive material dispersion (dispersion (D)) according to the present disclosure and a lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a positive electrode produced using the positive electrode slurry described above.
- a positive electrode including a positive electrode mixture layer can be obtained by applying a positive electrode slurry to the surface of a positive electrode current collector to form a coating film, and then drying the coating film. You may roll the coating film after drying as needed.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain components contained in the positive electrode slurry, but at least part of the solvent may be removed.
- An example positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material including carbon nanotubes, and a dispersant, and the dispersant includes polyvinylpyrrolidones and a cellulose derivative.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector, or may be formed on both surfaces.
- the positive electrode mixture layer can contain a thickener or the like as an optional component. Known materials may be used for those optional components.
- the ratio of components contained in the positive electrode slurry is reflected in the ratio of components in the positive electrode mixture layer. Therefore, by changing the ratio of the components contained in the positive electrode slurry, the ratio of the components in the positive electrode mixture layer can be changed.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and any known current collector that can be used for the positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be used.
- Examples of materials for the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and titanium.
- positive electrode active materials include composite oxides containing lithium and transition metals. This composite oxide may be referred to as a "lithium-containing composite oxide" in this specification.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may have a layered structure (for example, rock salt type crystal structure).
- the positive electrode active material has a composition formula of Li y Ni x M 1-x O 2 (where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, M is Co, Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Sr containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of , Ca, and B.).
- M may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Sr, Ca, and B.
- M preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, and Fe.
- M is typically a metallic element.
- Al may be included as M from the viewpoint of the stability of the crystal structure.
- y which indicates the composition ratio of lithium, increases or decreases due to charging and discharging.
- Specific examples of such composite oxides include lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxides (such as LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 O 2 ).
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure includes a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure includes a positive electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and optionally other components ( separator, case, etc.). Components other than the positive electrode are not particularly limited as long as they can be used in non-aqueous electrolytes, and known components may be used.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative/negative mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material as an essential component, and may contain a binder, a thickener, a conductive material, and the like as optional components.
- metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or the like may be used, but a material capable of electrochemically intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions is preferably used. Examples of such materials include carbonaceous materials and Si-containing materials.
- the negative electrode active material may contain a Si-containing material or may be a Si-containing material.
- the negative electrode may contain one type of negative electrode active material, or may contain two or more types in combination.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (non-aqueous electrolyte) includes a solvent and a solute dissolved in the solvent.
- a solute is an electrolyte salt that ionically dissociates in the electrolyte.
- Solutes can include, for example, lithium salts.
- Components of electrolytes other than solvents and solutes are additives.
- the electrolyte may contain various additives.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes used in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries may be used as the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator has high ion permeability and moderate mechanical strength and insulation.
- a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used as the separator.
- Polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are preferable as the material of the separator.
- An example of the structure of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a structure in which an electrode group, in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed therebetween, is accommodated in an exterior body together with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- an electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed therebetween
- a laminated electrode group in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween may be used.
- the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not limited, either, and may be, for example, cylindrical, square, coin, button, laminate, or the like.
- a plurality of conductive material dispersions were prepared by changing the type and amount of the dispersant. Then, the conductive material dispersion was evaluated.
- a coating film was formed by coating the resulting dispersion on an insulating plate and then drying it. Then, the sheet resistance of the coating film was measured by a four-probe method.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared using the above dispersion. Specifically, a plurality of positive electrode slurries SA1 to SA5 and SC1 to SC2 were prepared by mixing each of the plurality of dispersion liquids and the positive electrode active material. Particles of a composite oxide (LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 O 2 ) containing lithium and a transition metal were used as the positive electrode active material. Then, the sedimentation property of the produced positive electrode slurry was evaluated.
- a composite oxide LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 O 2
- the sedimentation property of the positive electrode slurry was evaluated using the centrifugal sedimentation method.
- the positive electrode slurry prepared above was put in a centrifuge and centrifuged at a rotational speed of 1000 rpm for 1 hour. Using the sample after centrifugation, the supernatant and the sedimentation part were each dried to evaluate the solid content rate, and the difference was taken as the sedimentation numerical value.
- Table 1 shows part of the dispersion liquid preparation conditions and the evaluation results of the dispersion liquid and the positive electrode slurry.
- Dispersions C1 and C2 are comparative dispersions.
- the sheet resistance in Table 1 is a relative value when the sheet resistance of the coating film formed using the dispersion C1 is taken as 100%. A smaller sheet resistance value indicates that the carbon nanotubes are dispersed with better dispersibility.
- the sedimentation values of the positive electrode slurry in Table 1 are relative values when the value measured for the slurry SA1 is taken as 100%. A smaller value indicates lower sedimentation (that is, higher dispersibility and dispersion stability).
- polyvinylpyrrolidones polyvinylpyrrolidones
- hydroxypropylmethylcellulose cellulose derivative
- the present disclosure can be used for conductive material dispersions, positive electrode slurries, positive electrodes for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. While the invention has been described in terms of presently preferred embodiments, such disclosure is not to be construed in a limiting sense. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains after reading the above disclosure. Therefore, the appended claims are to be interpreted as covering all variations and modifications without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴を添付の請求の範囲に記述するが、本発明は、構成および内容の両方に関し、本発明の他の目的および特徴と併せ、図面を照合した以下の詳細な説明によりさらによく理解されるであろう。
本実施形態の導電材分散液は、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電材と、分散剤と、非プロトン性極性溶媒とを含む。本実施形態の導電材分散液を、以下では「分散液(D)」と称する場合がある。分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン類およびセルロース誘導体を含む。
分散剤として用いられるセルロース誘導体の例には、メチルセルロースなどのアルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース、およびそれらのアルカリ金属塩が含まれる。アルカリ金属塩を形成するアルカリ金属の例には、カリウムおよびナトリウムなどが含まれる。これらの中でも、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースが好ましい。セルロース誘導体の重量平均分子量は、1000~1000000の範囲(例えば10000~1000000の範囲)にあってもよい。本開示の構成による効果が高まる点で、セルロース誘導体の重量平均分子量は、10000~200000の範囲にあってもよい。
導電材の例には炭素を含む導電材が含まれる。炭素を含む導電材の例には、カーボンブラックなどの導電性の炭素粒子、グラフェンやカーボンファイバーおよび、カーボンナノチューブのような繊維状の導電性炭素材料が含まれる。分散液(D)に含まれる導電材は、カーボンナノチューブを必須成分として含む。繊維状の導電性炭素材料を、以下では「炭素繊維」と称する場合がある。好ましい炭素繊維はカーボンナノチューブであるため、以下の説明において、炭素繊維をカーボンナノチューブと読み替えることができる。すべての導電材に占めるカーボンナノチューブの割合は、例えば50質量%以上であり、好ましくは66~100質量%の範囲(例えば80~100質量%の範囲や90~100%の範囲)にある。
分散液(D)は、分散媒として非プロトン性極性溶媒(非プロトン性極性分散媒)を含む。非プロトン性極性溶媒の例には、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以下では、「NMP」と称する場合がある)等が含まれる。分散媒は、1種の液体のみで構成されてもよいし、複数種の液体の混合液であってもよい。分散媒がNMPを含む場合、分散媒に占めるNMPの割合は、50~100質量%の範囲(例えば80~100質量%の範囲)にあってもよい。分散媒は、NMPのみで構成されてもよい。
(1)分散液(D)は分散剤を含み、分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン類およびセルロース誘導体を含む。
(2)分散液(D)に含まれる成分の質量比は、ポリビニルピロリドン類:セルロース誘導体:アクリロニトリル系ゴム:ポリフッ化ビニリデン=100:30~400:0~300:0~5000:の範囲にあってもよい。ポリビニルピロリドン類に対する他の成分の比率は、上述した範囲に変更してもよい。
(3)セルロース誘導体は、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなどが挙げられる。
(4)分散剤は、アクリロニトリル系ゴムを含む。アクリロニトリル系ゴムは、例えばNBR、H-NBRであってもよい。
(5)分散液(D)は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む。
(6)ポリビニルピロリドン類は、ポリビニルピロリドンである。
分散液(D)を用いて非水電解質二次電池用の正極合剤層を形成する場合、まず、分散液(D)を用いて正極スラリー(非水電解質二次電池用の正極スラリー)を調製する。正極スラリーは、正極活物質(非水電解質二次電池用の正極活物質)、分散液(D)、および必要に応じて他の物質(増粘剤などの他の成分や、他の分散媒)を混合することによって調製できる。換言すれば、正極スラリーは、分散液(D)を含むということが可能である。別の観点では、正極スラリーは、分散液(D)の成分と正極活物質とを含むスラリーであってもよい。すなわち、一例の正極スラリーは、正極活物質、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電材、分散剤、および非プロトン性極性溶媒を含み、分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン類およびセルロース誘導体を含む。正極活物質に特に限定はない。活物質は、目的とする電池に利用可能な活物質であればよく、公知の活物質を用いてもよい。例えば、正極活物質の例には、リチウムと遷移金属とを含む複合酸化物が含まれる。本開示に係る正極スラリーの一例は、本開示に係る導電材分散液(分散液(D))と、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物とを含む。
本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池用の正極の一例は、上述した正極スラリーを用いて作製された正極である。正極スラリーを用いて正極を作製する方法に限定はなく、公知の方法を用いてもよい。例えば、正極スラリーを正極集電体の表面に塗布して塗膜を形成した後、当該塗膜を乾燥させることによって正極合剤層を含む正極が得られる。乾燥後の塗膜を、必要に応じて圧延してもよい。正極合剤層は、正極スラリーに含まれる成分を含みうるが、溶媒の少なくとも一部は除去されていてもよい。一例の正極合剤層は、正極活物質、カーボンナノチューブを含む導電材、および分散剤を含み、分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン類およびセルロース誘導体を含む。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよいし、両方の表面に形成してもよい。正極合剤層は、任意成分として、増粘剤などを含むことができる。それらの任意成分には、公知の材料を用いてもよい。正極スラリーに含まれる成分の比率は、正極合剤層における成分の比率に反映される。そのため、正極スラリーに含まれる成分の比率を変えることによって、正極合剤層における成分の比率を変えることができる。
本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池は、本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池用正極を含む。より詳細には、本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池は、本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池用正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを含み、必要に応じて他の構成要素(セパレータ、ケース等)を含む。正極以外の構成要素に特に限定はなく、非水電解質に用いることができるものであればよく、公知の構成要素を用いてもよい。例えば、負極には、負極集電体と負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合剤層とを含む負極を用いてもよい。負負極合剤層は、必須成分として、負極活物質を含み、任意成分として、結着剤、増粘剤、導電材等を含むことができる。負極活物質としては、金属リチウム、リチウム合金などを用いてもよいが、電気化学的にリチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な材料が好適に用いられる。このような材料としては、炭素質材料、Si含有材料などが挙げられる。負極活物質は、Si含有材料を含んでもよいし、Si含有材料であってもよい。負極は、負極活物質を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて含んでもよい。
非水電解質(非水電解液)は、溶媒と、溶媒に溶解した溶質とを含む。溶質は、電解液中でイオン解離する電解質塩である。溶質は、例えば、リチウム塩を含み得る。溶媒および溶質以外の電解液の成分は添加剤である。電解液には、様々な添加剤が含まれ得る。非水電解質には、非水電解質二次電池に用いられている非水電解質を用いてもよい。
正極と負極との間には、セパレータが介在している。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を備えている。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどのポリオレフィンが好ましい。
まず、カーボンナノチューブ(導電材)と分散剤とを所定の質量比で混合して、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に分散させ、分散液A1~A5、C1~C2を調製した。カーボンナノチューブの平均繊維長および平均繊維径はそれぞれ、1μmおよび10nmとした。カーボンナノチューブと分散剤の比率は、表1に示す質量比とした。また、分散剤を構成する成分の比率は、表1に示す比率とした。分散液に占めるカーボンナノチューブの割合は、約5質量%とした。
本発明を現時点での好ましい実施態様に関して説明したが、そのような開示を限定的に解釈してはならない。種々の変形および改変は、上記開示を読むことによって本発明に属する技術分野における当業者には間違いなく明らかになるであろう。したがって、添付の請求の範囲は、本発明の真の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、すべての変形および改変を包含する、と解釈されるべきものである。
Claims (11)
- カーボンナノチューブを含む導電材と、分散剤と、非プロトン性極性溶媒とを含む導電材分散液であって、
前記分散剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン類およびセルロース誘導体を含む、導電材分散液。 - 前記ポリビニルピロリドン類100質量部に対する前記セルロース誘導体の量は、30~400質量部の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記ポリビニルピロリドン類100質量部に対する前記セルロース誘導体の量は、100~400質量部の範囲にある、請求項2に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記分散剤はニトリル系ゴムをさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記ポリビニルピロリドン類100質量部に対する前記ニトリル系ゴムの量は、100~300質量部の範囲にある、請求項4に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブの含有率が0.1質量%~10質量%の範囲にある、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブ100質量部に対する前記分散剤の量は、30~300質量部の範囲にある、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導電材分散液。
- 前記カーボンナノチューブの平均繊維径は20nm以下である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の導電材分散液。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の導電材分散液と、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物とを含む、非水電解質二次電池用の正極スラリー。
- 請求項9に記載の正極スラリーを用いて作製された、非水電解質二次電池用正極。
- 請求項10に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極を含む、非水電解質二次電池。
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JP2011134575A (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-07 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池の電極用組成物並びにそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池用電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2017038628A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2018533175A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-11-08 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 導電材分散液およびこれを用いて製造した二次電池 |
WO2019098197A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | 正極塗工液、正極前駆体、及び非水系リチウム蓄電素子 |
WO2020004095A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | カーボンナノチューブ分散液及びその利用 |
JP2020019705A (ja) | 2015-09-09 | 2020-02-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | カーボンナノチューブ分散液およびその製造方法 |
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JP2011134575A (ja) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-07-07 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池の電極用組成物並びにそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池用電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2017038628A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-09 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 非水二次電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2020019705A (ja) | 2015-09-09 | 2020-02-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | カーボンナノチューブ分散液およびその製造方法 |
JP2018533175A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-11-08 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 導電材分散液およびこれを用いて製造した二次電池 |
WO2019098197A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-23 | 旭化成株式会社 | 正極塗工液、正極前駆体、及び非水系リチウム蓄電素子 |
WO2020004095A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-28 | 2020-01-02 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | カーボンナノチューブ分散液及びその利用 |
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