WO2022210133A1 - 顕微鏡 - Google Patents
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- WO2022210133A1 WO2022210133A1 PCT/JP2022/013324 JP2022013324W WO2022210133A1 WO 2022210133 A1 WO2022210133 A1 WO 2022210133A1 JP 2022013324 W JP2022013324 W JP 2022013324W WO 2022210133 A1 WO2022210133 A1 WO 2022210133A1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 64
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 63
- 206010024119 Left ventricular failure Diseases 0.000 description 42
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002073 fluorescence micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
- G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
- G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
- G02B21/0076—Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/16—Microscopes adapted for ultraviolet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N2021/6463—Optics
- G01N2021/6471—Special filters, filter wheel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to microscopes.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2000-056228
- the microscope may have an illumination optical system for irradiating the sample with excitation light. It may have a detector that detects fluorescence emitted from the specimen. It may have viewing optics that direct the fluorescence to the detector.
- the observation optical system may have a first optical filter whose reflection and transmission wavelength characteristics are variable according to the position at which light is incident, and is arranged in the optical path of the light reflected by the first optical filter.
- It may have a second optical filter whose transmission boundary wavelength changes with respect to a position along one direction and transmits light having a longer wavelength than the first boundary wavelength at the position where the reflected light is incident,
- the optical filter is arranged in the optical path of the light reflected by the first optical filter, the transmission boundary wavelength changes with respect to the position along the first direction, and is shorter than the second boundary wavelength at the position where the reflected light is incident.
- the first demarcation wavelength may be shorter than the second demarcation wavelength.
- the first optical filter may have different wavelength characteristics depending on the position along the first direction.
- the first optical filter may be arranged at an angle of less than 45 degrees in a plane that intersects the first direction with respect to incident light.
- the second optical filter and the third optical filter may be movable along the first direction.
- the first optical filter may be movable along the first direction.
- the first direction may be the direction of gravity. Either one of the second optical filter and the third optical filter may be inclined with respect to the other in a plane intersecting the first direction.
- the observation optical system may further include a concave mirror that collects the light reflected by the first optical filter between the second optical filter and the third optical filter.
- the observation optical system may further include a concave mirror that converts the light reflected by the first optical filter into a parallel beam and makes it enter the second optical filter and the third optical filter.
- the observation optical system may have a reflective element that reflects at least part of the light that has passed through the first optical filter, and that is arranged in the optical path of the light reflected by the reflective element.
- a fourth optical filter may have a boundary wavelength that changes with respect to a position along a direction, and transmits light having a longer wavelength than the third boundary wavelength at the position where the reflected light is incident, and is reflected by the reflective element.
- a fifth boundary wavelength that changes with respect to the position along the first direction and that transmits light having a longer wavelength than the fourth boundary wavelength at the position where the reflected light is incident; It may have an optical filter.
- the third boundary wavelength may be shorter than the fourth boundary wavelength.
- the reflective element may be a sixth optical filter or a total reflection mirror whose wavelength characteristics of reflection and transmission are variable depending on the position at which light is incident.
- a first optical filter, a second optical filter and a third optical filter may be housed in the first unit, a sixth optical filter or reflective element, a fourth optical filter and a fifth optical filter.
- a filter may be stored in the second unit.
- the first unit and the second unit may be configured to be insertable and removable.
- a first detector that receives a portion of the light reflected by the first optical filter that has passed through the second optical filter and the third optical filter;
- There may be a second detector that receives a portion of the transmitted light.
- the light receiving surface of the first detector and the light receiving surface of the second detector may face the same direction.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a microscope 101 for observing a sample 210;
- FIG. An example of an observation system post-stage 140 and a detection unit 160 is schematically shown. It is a schematic diagram which shows the function of LVF254 as an example.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wavelength range detectable by a detector 161 through a wavelength selection unit 151; Detectable ranges of four wavelength selection units 151, 152, 153, 154 are shown schematically. It schematically shows changing the detectable range in the wavelength selection unit 151 .
- a light source 110 is shown schematically.
- 4 is an example of a flowchart showing an observation procedure of the microscope 101; 4 is a flow chart showing details of step S12 for creating and editing an imaging channel.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a setting screen 300 of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 An example of the setting screen 310 in step S14 for setting LVF and the like for the imaging channel is shown.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing details of step S16 for setting a combination of an imaging channel and an actual channel;
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a setting screen 320 of FIG. 12.
- FIG. It is an example of the setting screen 330 of step S18 which sets laser intensity, and step S18 which sets the sensitivity of a detector.
- 4 is a flow chart showing details of step S24, which is internal control for acquiring an image.
- 1 is a flow diagram for acquiring fluorescence spectral distributions using microscope 101.
- FIG. A setting screen 450 corresponding to FIG. 16 is shown.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an acquisition wavelength range and a detection wavelength range under observation conditions set on a setting screen 450 shown in FIG. 17;
- FIG. FIG. 4 illustrates a fluorescence spectral profile at a certain position of specimen 210 detected by microscope 101;
- FIG. 20 is an example showing a display image 460 displaying images acquired in the embodiment of FIGS. 17-19;
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an acquisition wavelength range and a detection wavelength range under observation conditions set on the setting screen 450 shown in FIG. 17 for each imaging channel;
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart for executing an example of acquiring a plurality of fluorescence spectral distributions using the microscope 101.
- the observation system rear stage 142 of another example is shown typically.
- the observation system rear stage 144 of another example is shown typically.
- a modification of the observation system rear stage 140 is shown schematically.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a microscope 101 for observing a specimen 210.
- the microscope 101 is a confocal microscope and includes a light source 110 , an illumination optical system 220 , an observation optical system 240 , a detector 160 , an information processor 170 and a controller 180 .
- the illumination optical system 220 and the observation optical system 240 share some optical elements. Note that the microscope 101 does not need to have all of these configurations. It doesn't have to be.
- the light source 110 emits laser light with a wavelength used as excitation light when observing the specimen 210 with fluorescence.
- the excitation light emitted from the light source 110 enters the illumination optical system 220 .
- the illumination optical system 220 irradiates the sample 210 with excitation light.
- the illumination optical system 220 has a dichroic mirror 121 , a galvanometer scanner 130 , a relay lens 122 , a lens 192 and an objective lens 191 .
- the dichroic mirror 121 has the characteristic of reflecting the wavelength of the excitation light emitted from the light source 110 and transmitting light of other wavelengths.
- the excitation light incident from the light source 110 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 121 to change its propagation direction, and enters the galvanometer scanner 130 .
- the galvanometer scanner 130 has a pair of galvanometer mirrors 131 and 132 that reflect incident light.
- the galvanomirror 131 is rotatable around the x-axis in FIG. 1, and the galvanomirror 132 is rotatable around the y-axis.
- the excitation light incident on the galvanometer scanner 130 is reflected by the pair of galvanometer mirrors 131 and 132 and then enters the objective lens 191 via the relay lens 122 and the lens 192 .
- the excitation light from the relay lens 122 is collimated by the lens 192 and then focused on the sample 210 by the objective lens 191 .
- the galvanometer scanner 130 scans the sample 210 with excitation light two-dimensionally (x and y directions in FIG. 1).
- the specimen 210 contains, for example, a fluorescent substance, and in that case, fluorescence is emitted from the condensed position on the specimen 210 .
- the emitted light emitted from the specimen 210 also includes components other than fluorescence, such as reflected light of excitation light.
- the radiation light emitted from the specimen 210 passes through the objective lens 191 and the lens 192 and enters the relay lens 122 .
- the focal position of the lens 192 and the focal position of the excitation light on the specimen 210 are optically conjugate.
- the emitted light that has entered the relay lens 122 passes through the galvanometer scanner 130 and enters the dichroic mirror 121 .
- a component of the emitted light that has the same wavelength as the excitation light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 121 and guided to the light source 110 side.
- a component of the emitted light having a wavelength different from that of the excitation light is transmitted through the dichroic mirror 121 .
- the dichroic mirror 121 cannot completely remove the wavelength component of the excitation light. Therefore, the emitted light that has passed through the dichroic mirror 121 still contains the component of the excitation light wavelength.
- the observation optical system 240 shares the dichroic mirror 121 , the galvanometer scanner 130 , the relay lens 122 , the lens 192 and the objective lens 191 with the illumination optical system 220 .
- the observation optical system 240 further has a reflecting mirror 123 , a condenser lens 124 , a pinhole 125 , a collimating lens 126 , an observation system rear stage 140 and a detection section 160 .
- the pinhole 125 is arranged at a focal position of the objective lens 191 and a conjugate position. Therefore, the pinhole 125 allows only the light emitted from the condensing position, which is the focal point of the objective lens 191, to pass therethrough, and blocks the light from other points as noise.
- the observation optical system 240 guides fluorescence emitted from the sample 210 to the detection section 160 .
- the detector 160 detects fluorescence emitted from the specimen 210 .
- the detection unit 160 outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the intensity of the detected fluorescence to the information processing device 170 . Details of the observation system rear stage 140 of the observation optical system 240 and the detection unit 160 will be described later.
- the information processing device 170 has a control unit 171 , a display unit 172 , and input units 173 and 174 .
- the control unit 171 has an interface for the detection unit 160, executes image processing to generate an image from the signal acquired from the detection unit 160, and stores and saves the generated image.
- the display unit 172 is formed by an LCD panel, a CRT device, or the like, and in addition to displaying the generated image to the user, it also displays a user interface when various settings are input to the microscope 101 .
- the input units 173 and 174 include a character input device such as a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse, and are used when the user inputs settings and operation instructions to the microscope 101 .
- the information processing device 170 communicates with the control device 180 and is also used as a user interface for the control device 180 .
- the control device 180 holds set values relating to the operations of the galvanometer scanner 130, the post-observation system 140, the detection unit 160, and the like, and controls these operations. Further, the control device 180 may perform all or part of image processing and the like in the information processing device 170 in order to reduce the load on the information processing device 170 . That is, the control device 180 may perform all or part of the operations performed by the control unit 171 of the information processing device 170 . Also, the control unit 171 of the information processing device 170 may perform all or part of the operations performed by the control device 180 .
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of the observation system rear stage 140 and the detection section 160.
- the observation system rear stage 140 has four wavelength selection units 151 , 152 , 153 and 154 .
- the detector 160 has four detectors 161, 162, 163, 164 corresponding to the four wavelength selection units 151, 152, 153, 154, respectively.
- the wavelength selection unit 151 has an LVF (Linear Variable Filter) 250, a concave mirror 252, a pair of LVFs 254 and 256, and a condenser lens 258.
- LVF Linear Variable Filter
- the LVFs 250, 254, and 256 have dielectric layers on a transparent substrate whose film thickness changes along a predetermined direction (the z-direction in the figure). and the wavelength characteristics of the reflection change.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the functions of the LVF 254 as an example.
- the LVF 254 has a dielectric layer on a transparent substrate whose film thickness changes along a predetermined direction (the z-direction in the figure), and the wavelength characteristics of reflection and transmission change according to the position at which light is incident. do. More specifically, the boundary wavelength, which is the boundary between the transmitted wavelength and the reflected wavelength, changes depending on the position in the z direction where the light is incident. Therefore, the driving unit 402 moves the LVF 254 in the z-direction to change the wavelength characteristics of the incident light from the fixed optical path.
- the LVF 254 and the drive unit 402 form an optical filter 400 whose transmission and reflection wavelength characteristics are dynamically variable.
- the graph shown on the right side of FIG. 3 shows the wavelength characteristics of the LVF254.
- the vertical axis indicates wavelength and the horizontal axis indicates transmittance.
- the LVF 254 having the wavelength characteristics shown in FIG. 2 is a long-pass filter that transmits light with wavelengths longer than the boundary wavelength and reflects light with wavelengths shorter than the boundary wavelength.
- the LVF 250 on which the light from the collimator lens 126 is incident functions as a reflecting element having different reflection and transmission characteristics depending on the wavelength of the incident light, that is, as a dichroic mirror.
- the LVF 250 is a long-pass filter that reflects light with wavelengths shorter than the boundary wavelength and transmits light with wavelengths longer than the boundary wavelength.
- the incident light path is split into two by the LVF 250 according to the wavelength.
- the LVF 250 can be moved in the z-direction by a driving unit, similar to the optical filter 400 shown in FIG. Thereby, the boundary wavelength for incident light can be dynamically changed.
- the LVF 250 is arranged with an inclination of less than 45 degrees, preferably 22.5 degrees or less in the xy plane with respect to the light incident from the collimator lens 126 . That is, the light receiving surface rotates around the z-axis so that the angle of incidence of light on the LVF 250 (that is, the angle between the normal to the incident surface of the LVF 250 and the principal ray direction) is less than 45 degrees, preferably 22.5 degrees or less. is rotating to By reducing the incident angle in this way, the ellipticity of the spot shape incident on the LVF 250 is maintained at a value close to 1, and the area of the spot shape is reduced.
- the shape of the spot incident on the incident surface of the LVF 250 is an elliptical shape extending in the direction in which the incident surface is tilted.
- the short axis of this elliptical shape remains the diameter D of the light beam, while the long axis becomes D/cos ⁇ (where ⁇ is the incident angle). Therefore, the area of the spot shape is smaller and the ellipticity is closer to 1 when ⁇ is 22.5 degrees than when ⁇ is 45 degrees. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the spectral resolution of the incident spot on the LVF 250 .
- the incident surface of the LVF 250 is at a position rotated around the z-axis.
- the direction in which the boundary wavelength changes in the LVF 250 is the z direction.
- the long axis of the ellipse spreads in a direction orthogonal to the z-axis, that is, in a direction in which the boundary wavelength does not change. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the deterioration of the spectral resolution of the incident spot on the LVF 250 .
- the direction in which the LVF 250 is driven is also the z direction. Therefore, when the z direction is the vertical direction, that is, the direction of gravity, the backlash of the mechanical system that drives the LVF 250 is pushed downward by its own weight.
- the concave mirror 252 is arranged between the LVF 250 and the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 in the optical path of the wavelength selection unit 151 . That is, the short-wavelength light reflected by the LVF 250 enters the concave mirror 252 . Concave mirror 252 focuses the reflected light between a pair of LVFs 254 , 256 . As a result, the spot diameters of the light beams incident on both of the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 can be reduced, and the degradation of spectral resolution at each of the LVFs 254 and 256 can be suppressed.
- the focal length of the collimator lens 126 is made smaller than the focal length of the concave mirror 252
- the diameter of the spot incident on each of the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 can be reduced, thereby further suppressing the deterioration of the spectral resolution. can be done.
- the LVF 254 is a long-pass filter arranged so that the boundary wavelength changes with respect to the position along the z-direction.
- the LVF 256 is a short-pass filter arranged such that the boundary wavelength varies with position along the z-direction.
- the boundary wavelength of LVF 254 is shorter than the boundary wavelength of LVF 256 . Since the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 are arranged facing each other, they function as a bandpass filter that transmits a specific wavelength range.
- the LVFs 254 and 256 can each be moved in the z direction by a driving unit, and can dynamically change the boundary wavelength for incident light whose incident position is fixed. It is preferable that the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 be arranged so that the tendency of the boundary wavelengths of the positions along the z-direction is similar to each other. That is, the LVFs 254 and 256 are preferably arranged such that both boundary wavelengths are shifted to the short wavelength side (or both boundary wavelengths are shifted to the long wavelength side) as the position advanced in the +z direction.
- the light transmitted through the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 is condensed by a condensing lens 258 and enters the detector 161 .
- the detector 161 is, for example, a highly sensitive photoelectric conversion element such as a photomultiplier tube, and outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the detected fluorescence to the information processing device 170 via the control device 180 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the wavelength range detectable by the detector 161 through the wavelength selection unit 151.
- the wavelength selection unit 151 the reflectance is shown on the vertical axis because the reflectance of the LVF 250 should be noted rather than the transmittance.
- the LVF 250 reflects the short wavelength side
- the LVF 254 cuts (light shields) the short wavelength side
- the LVF 256 cuts (light shields) the long wavelength side.
- the boundary wavelength of LVF 254 is shorter than the boundary wavelengths of LVF 250 and LVF 256 .
- a predetermined wavelength range can be transmitted and set as a detectable range of the detector 161 .
- the LVF 250 function as a dichroic mirror, the light transmitted through the LVF 250 can be transferred to the subsequent stage such as the wavelength selection unit 152 to detect other wavelength bands.
- Wavelength selection units 152 and 153 are arranged after the wavelength selection unit 151 .
- the wavelength selection unit 152 has an LVF 260 , a concave mirror 262 , a pair of LVFs 264 and 266 and a condenser lens 268 .
- the wavelength selection unit 153 has an LVF 270 , a concave mirror 272 , a pair of LVFs 274 and 276 and a condenser lens 278 .
- the wavelength selection units 152 and 153 have the same configuration as the wavelength selection unit 151 except for the points described later, so the description thereof is omitted.
- a wavelength selection unit 154 is further arranged after the wavelength selection unit 153 .
- the wavelength selection unit 154 has a concave mirror 282 , a pair of LVFs 284 and 286 and a condenser lens 288 .
- the wavelength selection unit 154 also has the same configuration as the wavelength selection unit 151 except that it does not have the LVF 250 and that it will be described later.
- the concave mirror 282 can be said to be a total reflection mirror from the viewpoint that it does not transmit a specific wavelength.
- the detector 160 is provided with detectors 162, 163, and 164 that receive light from the wavelength selection units 152, 153, and 154, respectively. Since these detectors 162, 163, and 164 have the same configuration as the detector 161, description thereof will be omitted. In addition, in the form of FIG. 2, light is incident on the detectors 161, 162, 163, and 164 from the y-direction. In other words, the detection planes of detectors 161, 162, 163, and 164 are all parallel to the zx plane and oriented in the same direction.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the detectable ranges of the four wavelength selection units 151, 152, 153, and 154. To simplify the drawing, illustration of the transmittance and reflectance of the LVFs 250, 260, and 270 functioning as dichroic mirrors is omitted.
- the detectable ranges of the four wavelength selection units 151, 152, 153, and 154 are set in order from the short wavelength side. That is, a detectable range 1 is set by the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 of the wavelength selection unit 151, and a detectable range 2 is set by the pair of LVFs 264 and 266 of the wavelength selection unit 152 on the longer wavelength side. Similarly, the detectable range 3 is set on the longer wavelength side than the detection range 2 by the pair of LVFs 274 and 276 of the wavelength selection unit 153, and the pair of LVFs 284 and 286 of the wavelength selection unit 154 on the longer wavelength side. A detectable range 4 is set.
- the observation system rear stage 140 and the detection unit 160 can detect fluorescence from the sample 210 in four different wavelength ranges. It can also be said to have four different channels of detection. In the following description, these channels may be called real channels from the viewpoint that each of these channels has a substantial optical system.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows changing the detectable range in the wavelength selection unit 151.
- FIG. 6 To simplify the drawing, illustration of the transmittance and reflectance of the LVF 250 functioning as a dichroic mirror is omitted.
- All the LVFs 250, 254, 256 included in the wavelength selection unit 151 are movable along the z-direction where the boundary characteristics change. Therefore, for example, by arranging the LVFs 250, 254, 256 at corresponding z-positions, the detectable range A in FIG. By doing so, the detectable range B in FIG. 6 can be set. That is, the optical system of one wavelength selection unit 151 can detect a plurality of different wavelength ranges in a time division manner.
- each detection time when different wavelength ranges are detected in a time division manner may be called a pass.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the light source 110.
- the light source 110 has four laser light sources 111, 112, 113, and 114 that emit light with different wavelengths.
- the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the laser light source 111 is 405 nm
- the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the laser light source 112 is 488 nm
- the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the laser light source 113 is 561 nm.
- the wavelength of the laser light emitted from the light source 114 is 640 nm.
- a mirror 115 reflects the laser light emitted from the laser light source 114 .
- the dichroic mirror 116 transmits the laser light reflected by the mirror 115 and reflects the laser light emitted from the laser light source 113 .
- the dichroic mirror 117 transmits the laser light transmitted and reflected by the dichroic mirror 116 and reflects the laser light emitted from the laser light source 112 .
- the dichroic mirror 118 reflects the laser light transmitted and reflected by the dichroic mirror 117 and transmits the laser light emitted from the laser light source 111 .
- the dichroic mirror 121 may be switched according to the user's desired number of excitation lights incident on the sample surface at the same time and the setting change of the fluorescence acquisition wavelength range, and several types are prepared and arranged on the wheel.
- FIG. 8 is an example of a flowchart showing the observation procedure of the microscope 101.
- the user designates the microscope 101 for a region where fluorescence observation is to be performed on the specimen 210 (step S10).
- the desired acquisition wavelength range is specified by the user, and created and edited as an imaging channel (S12). Imaging channels will be described later.
- a pair of corresponding LVFs is set based on the imaging channel (S14), and a combination of the imaging channel and the actual channel is set (S16).
- the laser intensity is then set (S18) and the detector sensitivity is set (S20) for each imaging channel.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing details of step S12 for creating and editing an imaging channel
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a setting screen 300 in that case.
- the setting screen 300 is displayed on the display unit 172 to accept input from the user.
- An input field 301 is a field for selecting a fluorescent dye
- input fields 302 and 303 are fields for inputting wavelengths on the short wavelength side and the long wavelength side of the acquisition wavelength range, respectively.
- the emission spectrum information is selected from luminescent dyes (S100: Yes), and a list of selectable fluorescent dyes is displayed in the input field 301.
- Selectable fluorescent dyes are stored in advance in the memory of the control unit 171 together with corresponding acquisition wavelength ranges.
- a luminescent dye receives selection by the user from the list (S102).
- the tab in the input field 301 is not selected, it is assumed that the emission spectrum information is not selected from the luminescent dye (S100: No), and the user inputs numerical values in the input fields 302 and 303 to obtain the acquired wavelength.
- the setting of the range that is, the wavelengths on the long wavelength side and the short wavelength side of light emission is accepted (S104).
- the setting of the imaging channel name is accepted in the input field 304 (S106).
- Imaging channels are created and edited as described above. At this point, the imaging channel is not associated with the actual optical system of the microscope 101, more specifically, with the actual channel, and can be said to be a temporary channel. In the example of FIG. 10, no fluorescent dye is specified, and the acquisition wavelength range "400 nm to 450 nm" is set as the imaging channel specified by the name "IM_Ch1".
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the setting screen 310 of step S14 for setting a pair of LVFs for the imaging channel.
- corresponding emission spectra 341, 345, excitation lights 340, 343, and detectable ranges 342, 346 are shown schematically with respect to wavelength on the horizontal axis. is represented.
- a detection prohibition range 347 is displayed around the excitation light 343 corresponding to the fact that the excitation light 343 is within the detectable range 346 .
- the profiles of the emission spectra 341 and 345 and the wavelengths of the excitation lights 340 and 343 are stored in advance in the memory of the controller 171 together with the corresponding fluorescent dyes.
- the wavelength of the acquisition wavelength range is set as a numerical value in the imaging channel
- the emission spectrum is displayed on the setting screen 310 with a rectangle having the maximum value for the range and the minimum value (typically zero) for other ranges. may be expressed.
- the detectable ranges 342, 346 are displayed by default corresponding to the emission spectra 341, 345.
- the detectable ranges 342 and 346 are initially set to have the half widths of the emission spectra 341 and 345 .
- the dashed lines on the left and right of the detectable ranges 342 and 346 can be moved from the default display position by the user by dragging and dropping with a mouse pointer.
- the left dashed line corresponds to the LVF boundary wavelength of the long-pass filter
- the right dashed line corresponds to the LVF boundary wavelength of the short-pass filter. Therefore, by pressing the OK button 305 after the setting by the user, for the imaging channel "IM_Ch1", the wavelength at the left dashed line position of the detectable range 342 at that time is set to the LVF boundary wavelength of the long-pass filter. , the wavelength at the position of the dashed line on the right is set as the boundary wavelength of the LVF of the short-pass filter.
- the boundary wavelength of the LVF that functions as a dichroic mirror is automatically set under a predetermined condition with respect to the boundary wavelength of the LVF of the short-pass filter that determines the long wavelength side of the detectable range.
- the boundary wavelength of the LVF that functions as a dichroic mirror is set to a wavelength that is 10 nm longer than the boundary wavelength of the LVF of the short-pass filter (broken line on the right side of detectable range 342 in the drawing).
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the details of step S16 for setting the combination of the imaging channel and the real channel
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the setting screen 320 in that case.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which four imaging channels are created, and four imaging channel names such as "IM_Ch1" are displayed in the display column 352 correspondingly.
- the display column 350 displays lasers that can be used with the microscope 101 .
- four laser light sources 111, 112, 113, 114 can be used in the example of FIG. 7, the display column 350 of FIG. , "640 nm" are represented schematically.
- detectors that can be used with the microscope 101 are displayed.
- four detectors are schematically represented in the display column 356 of FIG.
- the type of detector for example, if it is a photomultiplier tube, "PMT" indicating that fact may be displayed.
- the laser light source and the imaging channel can be linked as long as the laser light source has a shorter wavelength than the minimum wavelength value of the acquisition wavelength range when the imaging channel is set, and they are linked one-to-one.
- they may be linked one-to-N or N-to-1 (N is an integer of 2 or more).
- N is an integer of 2 or more.
- the laser light source and the imaging channel are associated one-to-one.
- the imaging channel may be selected first, and the laser light source associated therewith may be selected later.
- the method of associating the imaging channels with the detectors may be the same as the method of associating the laser light sources with the imaging channels.
- the imaging channels and detectors may be linked one-to-one, or may be linked one-to-N or N-to-1.
- the imaging channels and detectors are linked in a two-to-one relationship.
- the imaging channels and detectors are linked other than one-to-one, it takes time to drive the LVF, switch the filter cube by the filter wheel, and arrange the optical elements. Fluorescence from specimen 210 may not be detected simultaneously in time.
- the dichroic mirror in a situation where a dichroic mirror (LVF or a dichroic mirror with a built-in filter cube) is placed in the upstream optical path (optical path until reaching the detector) of the detector to be linked, the dichroic mirror has a long pass characteristic. In some cases, the range detectable by the detector to which it is tied is longer than the boundary wavelength of the dichroic mirror.
- the combination of the imaging channel and the real channel of the microscope 101 is set.
- FIG. 14 is an example of the setting screen 330 of step S18 for setting the laser intensity and step S20 for setting the sensitivity of the detector.
- Display columns 331, 332, and 333 display the imaging channels and detection wavelength ranges that have been set so far.
- the setting screen 330 further has a slider 334 for setting the detector sensitivity (for example, applied voltage) corresponding to the imaging channel and a slider 335 for setting the intensity of the excitation light.
- a slider 334 for setting the detector sensitivity (for example, applied voltage) corresponding to the imaging channel
- a slider 335 for setting the intensity of the excitation light.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing details of step S24, which is internal control for acquiring an image.
- an optical system such as the z-direction positions of the LVFs 250, 260, 264, 266, etc. is set based on the combination with the actual channel corresponding to the imaging channel corresponding to the first pass.
- the control device 180 starts outputting excitation light from the designated laser light source 111 or the like of the light sources 110 (S140), and drives the galvanometer mirrors 131 and 132 so that the designated observation region is irradiated with the excitation light. (S142, S144).
- the laser light source 111 or the like is specified based on the fluorescence imaging channel to be detected.
- the detection unit 160 detects fluorescence included in the detectable range corresponding to the imaging channel (S144).
- control device 180 saves the detected intensity, and It is determined whether the detection of the specified number of pixels on one scanning line has been completed (S148).
- the control device 180 increments the number of detected pixels in the X coordinate (S150), and returns the control to step S144.
- the microscope 101 again drives the galvanomirror 131 to move the condensing position of the excitation light to the position of another pixel on the same line (S144), and detects the light intensity of fluorescence again (S146). ).
- control device 180 scans the number of scanning lines in the initially specified observation area. It is determined whether the detection of has been completed. (S152). If the number of detected scanning lines has not reached the specified number of scanning lines (S152: NO), the control device 180 increments the number of detections in the Y coordinate (S154), and returns the control to step S142. Therefore, the controller 180 drives the controller 133 of the galvanomirror 130 to move the excitation light condensing position to another scanning line and detect the fluorescence light intensity again.
- the control device 180 detects the fluorescence light intensity in the observation area based on the value of the detected fluorescence light intensity.
- An observation image is constructed (S156). The constructed observation image may be displayed in the display field 336 of the setting screen 330 of the display unit 172 or may be stored in a storage unit (not shown) provided in the information processing device 170 .
- the control device 180 determines whether the detection of the specified number of paths has been completed. (S158). If the detected number of passes does not reach the specified number of passes (S158: NO), the controller 180 increments the number of passes (S160), and performs the imaging channel corresponding to the next pass. Based on the combination with the channel, the optical system is set by driving the LVF 250 (S162), and the control returns to step S140. Therefore, the control device 180 outputs excitation light from the laser light source 111 or the like designated by the imaging channel, and detects the fluorescence light intensity again.
- the control device 180 stops outputting the laser light source (S174). This completes the observation operation in the microscope 101 .
- multiband detection that is, simultaneous multicolor detection is possible using four stages of wavelength selection units, that is, four actual channels.
- a pair of LVFs 254 and 256 are used as band-pass filters, so by changing the z-direction positions of the LVFs 254 and 256, the wavelength band to be transmitted can be easily changed.
- multipath detection that is, multicolor detection in time division is possible with one real channel.
- the fluorescence spectrum distribution of the sample 210 is obtained by narrowing the width of the detection wavelength range that is detected at one time (once) and similarly continuously acquiring fluorescence images. can be obtained.
- FIG. 16 is a flow chart for acquiring the fluorescence spectrum distribution using the microscope 101
- FIG. 17 shows a setting screen 450 corresponding to FIG.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations and operations as those in FIGS. 1 to 15, and description thereof will be omitted.
- This observation pattern is a case where the wavelength selection unit 151 is used to drive a pair of LVFs 254 and 256 to acquire fluorescence multiple times.
- the wavelength range detected at one time (at one time) is 20 nm, and by repeating this 14 times, a fluorescence spectrum profile from 430 nm to 710 nm is obtained.
- the setting screen 450 of FIG. 17 is displayed on the display unit 172 when creating/editing an imaging channel in step S12 of FIG.
- An input field 411 can set the value of the wavelength of light (excitation light) emitted by the light source 110, and in the illustrated example, 405 nm is specified.
- the input units 173 and 174 of the information processing device 170 can be used.
- Input fields 412 and 414 are areas for input when setting numerical values for the acquisition wavelength range of the fluorescence spectrum emitted from the specimen 210 .
- the input units 173 and 174 of the information processing device 170 can be used for input to the input fields 412 and 414 .
- the input field 412 is an area for inputting the short wavelength end of the acquisition wavelength range
- the input field 414 is an area for inputting the long wavelength end.
- an acquisition wavelength range of 430 nm to 710 nm is set.
- the input field 451 sets the detection wavelength range for detecting the fluorescence spectrum at once (once) in the acquisition wavelength range set in the input fields 412 and 414 above.
- the detection wavelength range here corresponds to the wavelength resolution of the fluorescence spectrum profile. In the illustrated example, it is set to detect fluorescence intensity at intervals of 20 nm. Therefore, in this example, detection of 14 bands is designated for the wavelength band from 430 nm to 710 nm.
- the number of bands to be detected in the acquisition wavelength range set in the input fields 412 and 414 may be input. In this case, the wavelength resolution is automatically set based on the input number of bands.
- the input field 413 graphically displays the acquisition wavelength range and wavelength resolution set in the input fields 451, 412, and 414, and directly operates the bar displayed in the input field 413 to obtain the wavelength range to be acquired. can also be entered.
- the numerical values in the input fields 412 and 414 and the bar displayed in the input field 413 are interlocked.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram explaining the acquisition wavelength range and the detection wavelength range under the observation conditions set on the setting screen 450 shown in FIG.
- the specimen 210 is irradiated with excitation light with a wavelength of 405 nm specified in the input field 411 .
- the fluorescence image is acquired 14 times at intervals of 20 nm with the wavelength resolution (detection wavelength range) specified in the input field 451.
- the short wavelength side is cut (light shielded) by the LVF 254 and the long wavelength side is cut (light shielded) by the LVF 256 .
- the control device 180 causes the LVF 254 to cut (light shield) the lower wavelength band from the lower limit of each detection wavelength range, and the LVF 256 to cut (light shield) the higher band than the upper limit of the same range.
- the drive units 402 of the LVFs 254 and 256 are operated respectively to shift the detection wavelength range to a band adjacent to the detection wavelength range in which the fluorescence intensity has already been detected (Fig. 16 of S222, S162).
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the fluorescence spectrum profile at a certain position of the specimen 210 detected by the microscope 101.
- the microscope 101 detects fluorescence intensity for each detection wavelength range for a plurality of detection wavelength ranges. Therefore, by plotting the fluorescence intensity of the detected image on a graph with wavelength ⁇ on the horizontal axis and intensity on the vertical axis, a spectral profile at each detection position of the sample 210 can be generated as shown in FIG. Note that the spectral profile is displayed in area 420, for example. A two-dimensional image obtained by summing the fluorescence intensities (luminescence intensities) detected for each detection wavelength range may be further displayed in the area 419 of the setting screen 450 .
- FIG. 20 is an example showing a display image 460 displaying the images acquired in the embodiments of FIGS. 17-19.
- Observed image 448 is an observed image constructed in a predetermined detection wavelength range.
- Display image 460 includes multiple image display fields 443 that tile multiple observation images 448 constructed at different detection wavelength ranges. Thereby, the user can observe the observation image 448 of each detection wavelength range at once.
- wavelength selection units 151 and 152 are used to drive a pair of LVFs 254 and 256 and a pair of LVFs 264 and 266, respectively, to acquire fluorescence a plurality of times.
- the wavelength selection unit 151 sets the wavelength range to be detected at one time (at one time) to 20 nm, and acquires a fluorescence spectrum profile from 430 nm to 610 nm by repeating fluorescence acquisition nine times. Fluorescence spectrum profile from 650 nm to 710 nm is obtained by repeating the fluorescence acquisition 6 times with a detection wavelength range of 10 nm.
- the setting screen 450 of FIG. 17 is displayed on the display unit 172 for each imaging channel.
- the input field 411 of the imaging channel "IM_Ch1” is set to 405 nm, and the input fields 412, 414 are set to the acquisition wavelength range from 430 nm to 610 nm.
- the input field 451 is set to detect fluorescence intensity at intervals of 20 nm. Therefore, in the imaging channel "IM_Ch1", detection of 9 bands is designated for the wavelength band from 430 nm to 610 nm.
- 640 nm is specified in the input field 411 of the imaging channel "IM_Ch2", and the acquisition wavelength range from 650 nm to 710 nm is set in the input fields 412 and 414.
- FIG. The input field 451 is set to detect fluorescence intensity at intervals of 10 nm. Therefore, in the imaging channel "IM_Ch2", detection of 6 bands is designated for the wavelength band from 650 nm to 710 nm.
- Imaging channel “IM_Ch1” is associated with laser light source “405 nm” and detector “D_161”
- imaging channel “IM_Ch2” is associated with laser light source “640 nm” and detector “D_162”.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram for explaining the acquisition wavelength range and the detection wavelength range under the observation conditions set on the setting screen 450 shown in FIG. 17 for each imaging channel.
- the specimen 210 is irradiated with excitation light with a wavelength of 405 nm specified in the input field 411 of the imaging channel “IM_Ch1”.
- the fluorescence image is acquired nine times at intervals of 20 nm with the wavelength resolution (detection wavelength range) specified in the input field 451.
- the specimen 210 is irradiated with the excitation light with a wavelength of 640 nm specified in the input field 411 of the imaging channel "IM_Ch2".
- the fluorescence image is acquired six times at intervals of 10 nm with the wavelength resolution (detection wavelength range) specified in the input field 451.
- FIG. 22 is a timing chart for executing an example of acquiring a plurality of fluorescence spectral distributions using the microscope 101.
- the laser light source 111 irradiates the specimen 210 with excitation light having a wavelength of 405 nm during the period T1, and the detector "D_161" detects fluorescence emitted from the specimen 210 during the period T2.
- the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 drive the driving units 402 to shift the detection wavelength range to a band adjacent to the detection wavelength range in which fluorescence intensity has already been detected.
- the laser light source 114 irradiates the specimen 210 with excitation light having a wavelength of 640 nm during the period T4, and the detector "D_162" detects fluorescence generated from the specimen 210 during the period T5.
- the pair of LVFs 264 and 266 drive the drive units 402 in period T6 to shift the detection wavelength range to a band adjacent to the detection wavelength range in which the fluorescence intensity has already been detected.
- the start times of the periods T4 and T5 are the end times of the periods T1 and T2, and the start times of the periods T1 and T2 are the end times of the periods T4 and T5.
- the period T3 starts at the end of the periods T1 and T2, and the period T6 starts at the end of the periods T4 and T5. Furthermore, the start time of the period T3 is the start time of the periods T4 and T5, and the start time of the period T6 is the start time of the periods T1 and T2.
- the wavelength selection unit 151 is used to irradiate the sample 210 with excitation light having a wavelength of 405 nm, and fluorescence is detected by the detector "D_161.”
- the drive units 402 of the LVFs 264 and 266 of the wavelength selection unit 152 are driven, and the wavelength selection unit 152 is used to irradiate the sample 210 with excitation light having a wavelength of 640 nm, and fluorescence is detected by the detector “D_162”.
- the drive units 402 of the LVFs 254 and 256 of the wavelength selection unit 151 are driven. Thereby, fluorescence detection can be performed efficiently.
- FIG. 23 schematically shows an observation system rear stage 142 of another example.
- Wavelength selection units 155, 156, 157, and 158 in the rear stage 142 of the observation system have condenser lenses 259, 269, 279, and 289 in addition to the configuration of the wavelength selection units 151, 152, 153, and 154 in the rear stage 140 of the observation system. .
- the wavelength selection unit 155 will be described as a representative, and description of the other wavelength selection units 152, 153, and 154 will be omitted because they have the same configuration.
- the condensing lens 259 condenses the incident light.
- the focal position of the condensing lens 259 is arranged to match the focal position of the concave mirror 252 .
- the concave mirror 252 reflects the incident light into a parallel light beam. Therefore, since a parallel beam of light is incident on each of the pair of LVFs 254 and 256, the film thicknesses of the LVFs 254 and 256 are substantially the same for all of the beams in the pair of beams, and a decrease in spectral resolution can be suppressed. .
- the focal length of the condenser lens 259 is made smaller than the focal length of the concave mirror 252
- the diameter of the spot incident on each of the pair of LVFs 254 and 256 can be reduced, thereby further suppressing the decrease in spectral resolution. be able to.
- FIG. 24 schematically shows another observation system rear stage 144 .
- the observation system rear stage 144 has a wavelength selection unit 145 before the wavelength selection unit 151 .
- the wavelength selection unit 145 has a dichroic mirror 230 , bandpass filters 232 and 234 and a condenser lens 236 .
- the dichroic mirror 230 and the bandpass filters 232 and 234 are attached to, for example, a filter cube, and reflect a predetermined wavelength band as one unit and transmit another predetermined wavelength range.
- the filter cube may be mounted on a filter wheel together with other filter cubes with different reflection and transmission wavelength bands, any of which may be insertable into the optical path.
- the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 230 and transmitted by the bandpass filter 234 is collected by the condenser lens 236 and detected by the detector 161 .
- the light transmitted through the dichroic mirror 230 and the bandpass filter 232 is incident on the subsequent wavelength selection unit 151 and the like, and is detected as necessary.
- the principal ray is shifted in the y direction by an amount corresponding to the plate thickness of the dichroic mirror 230.
- the LVF 250 and the like functioning as dichroic mirrors in the subsequent wavelength selection unit 151 and the like are arranged in a direction in which the wavelength characteristics, that is, the boundary wavelength does not change in the y direction. Therefore, the reflection/transmission characteristics of the wavelength selection unit 151 and the like are hardly affected by the shift in the y direction.
- the observation system rear stage 144 further has a wavelength selection unit 146 downstream of the wavelength selection unit 152 .
- the wavelength selection unit 146 has a dichroic mirror 290 , bandpass filters 292 and 294 and a condenser lens 296 .
- the wavelength selection unit 146 has the same configuration as the wavelength selection unit 145 except that the selected wavelength may be different, so the description is omitted.
- FIG. 25 schematically shows a modified example of the observation system rear stage 140.
- the LVF 256 is arranged with a slight inclination, for example, about 1 degree, in the xy plane with respect to the principal ray.
- the light reflected without passing through the LVF 256 is incident on different z-positions of the LVF 256 while being multiple-reflected between the pair of LVFs 254 and 256, causing light in an undesired band to reach the detector 161.
- a slight inclination for example, about 1 degree
- the LVF 254 may be tilted within the xy plane. Also, the same arrangement may be made in another wavelength selection unit 152 or the like.
- multi-band detection that is, multi-color simultaneous detection is possible using the multistage wavelength selection unit 151 or the like. Furthermore, since a pair of LVFs 254, 256 and the like are used as bandpass filters in at least one wavelength selection unit 151, the transmitted wavelength band can be easily changed by changing the z-direction positions of the LVFs 254, 256. . As a result, one wavelength selection unit 151 can perform multipath detection, that is, multicolor detection by time division.
- the wavelength selection unit 151 and the like are provided in four stages.
- the number of stages is not limited to this, and may be two or more stages, thereby enabling multiband detection, that is, multicolor simultaneous detection.
- the LVF 254 and the like of the pair of LVF 254, 256 and the like are long-pass filters, and the LVF 256 and the like are sheet-pass filters.
- LVF 254, etc. may be short-pass filters and LVF 256, etc. may be long-pass filters.
- wavelengths on the longer wavelength side are selected as the wavelength selection unit 152 in the latter stage is placed.
- wavelengths on the shorter wavelength side may be selected as the wavelength selection unit 152 in the subsequent stage is placed.
- each of the wavelength selection units may be unitized, so to speak, by housing members such as the LVF constituting itself in a housing or attaching it to a base member. In that case, the wavelength selection unit may be insertable/removable with respect to the microscope 101 .
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Abstract
Description
[先行技術文献]
[特許文献]
[特許文献1] 特開2000-056228号公報
Claims (13)
- 顕微鏡であって、
標本に励起光を照射する照明光学系と、
前記標本から発せられた蛍光を検出する検出器と、
蛍光を前記検出器に導く観察光学系とを有し、
前記観察光学系は、
光が入射する位置に応じて反射および透過する波長特性が可変する第1の光学フィルタと、
前記第1の光学フィルタで反射された光の光路に配され、第1の方向に沿った位置に対して透過の境界波長が変化し、前記反射した光の入射する位置における第1の境界波長より長波長の光を透過する第2の光学フィルタと、
前記第1の光学フィルタで反射された光の光路に配され、前記第1の方向に沿った位置に対して透過の境界波長が変化し、前記反射した光の入射する位置における第2の境界波長より短波長の光を透過する第3の光学フィルタと
を含み、
前記第1の境界波長は、前記第2の境界波長より短波長である顕微鏡。 - 前記第1の光学フィルタは、前記第1の方向に沿った位置に応じて前記波長特性が異なる請求項1に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第1の光学フィルタは、前記入射する光に対し、前記第1の方向に交差する面内で、45度未満で傾斜して配される請求項2に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第2の光学フィルタおよび前記第3の光学フィルタは前記第1の方向に沿って移動可能である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第1の光学フィルタは、前記第1の方向に沿って移動可能である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第1の方向は重力方向である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第2の光学フィルタおよび前記第3の光学フィルタのいずれか一方に対し他方が前記第1の方向に交差する面内で傾斜して配される請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記観察光学系は、前記第1の光学フィルタで反射された光を、前記第2の光学フィルタと前記第3の光学フィルタとの間に集光する凹面鏡を更に含む請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記観察光学系は、前記第1の光学フィルタで反射された光を平行光束にして前記第2の光学フィルタおよび前記第3の光学フィルタに入射させる凹面鏡を更に含む請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記観察光学系は、
前記第1の光学フィルタを透過した光が入射し、少なくとも一部の光を反射する反射素子と、
前記反射素子で反射された光の光路に配され、前記第1の方向に沿った位置に対して境界波長が変化し、前記反射した光の入射する位置における第3の境界波長より長波長の光を透過する第4の光学フィルタと、
前記反射素子で反射された光の光路に配され、前記第1の方向に沿った位置に対して境界波長が変化し、前記反射した光の入射する位置における第4の境界波長より長波長の光を透過する第5の光学フィルタと
をさらに含み、
前記第3の境界波長は、前記第4の境界波長より短波長である請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の顕微鏡。 - 前記反射素子は、光が入射する位置に応じて反射および透過する波長特性が可変する第6の光学フィルタ、又は、全反射鏡である請求項10に記載の顕微鏡。
- 前記第1の光学フィルタ、前記第2の光学フィルタ、及び前記第3の光学フィルタは第1ユニット内に格納され、
前記第6の光学フィルタ又は前記反射素子、前記第4の光学フィルタ、及び前記第5の光学フィルタは第2ユニット内に格納され、
前記第1ユニット及び前記第2ユニットは挿脱可能に構成されている
請求項10又は11に記載の顕微鏡。 - 前記第1の光学フィルタで反射された光の一部であって、前記第2の光学フィルタ及び第3の光学フィルタを経た光を受光する第1検出器と、
前記第1の光学フィルタを透過した光の一部を受光する第2検出器と
をさらに備え、
前記第1検出器の受光面及び前記第2検出器の受光面は、同じ方向を向いている請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の顕微鏡。
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JP2000056228A (ja) | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-25 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | レ―ザ走査顕微鏡に使用される波長別検出のためのシステムおよび画像記録方法 |
JP2004177495A (ja) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-24 | Olympus Corp | 顕微鏡 |
WO2017199407A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | 株式会社ニコン | 顕微鏡 |
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JP2000056228A (ja) | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-25 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | レ―ザ走査顕微鏡に使用される波長別検出のためのシステムおよび画像記録方法 |
JP2004177495A (ja) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-06-24 | Olympus Corp | 顕微鏡 |
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