WO2022207004A1 - 抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统 - Google Patents

抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022207004A1
WO2022207004A1 PCT/CN2022/086958 CN2022086958W WO2022207004A1 WO 2022207004 A1 WO2022207004 A1 WO 2022207004A1 CN 2022086958 W CN2022086958 W CN 2022086958W WO 2022207004 A1 WO2022207004 A1 WO 2022207004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
head
display
polarized light
refractive index
glass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/086958
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋炳铭
关金亮
陈志新
张灿忠
Original Assignee
福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司
Priority to KR1020237034810A priority Critical patent/KR20230156941A/ko
Priority to JP2023561243A priority patent/JP2024514121A/ja
Priority to EP22779184.5A priority patent/EP4299309A4/en
Publication of WO2022207004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022207004A1/zh
Priority to US18/375,767 priority patent/US20240025156A1/en

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    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of head-up display, in particular to a head-up display glass and a head-up display system.
  • the conventional head-up display glass is coated with a reflective film layer on the glass, and the image projected by the projection unit is reflected on the film layer and enters the human eye.
  • the conventional HUD glass has a limited reflectivity of the reflective film layer, which makes the image received by the human eye low in brightness and blurred, resulting in poor display effect.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a head-up display glass and a head-up display system, which can improve the reflectivity of the head-up display glass, improve the clarity of the image, and enhance the display effect.
  • the present invention provides following technical scheme:
  • the present invention provides a head-up display glass, comprising an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate, an intermediate layer, a transparent conductive film and an enhanced reflection film,
  • the outer glass plate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other
  • the inner glass sheet includes opposite third and fourth surfaces, the second and third surfaces are opposite, and the intermediate layer is disposed between the second and third surfaces
  • the transparent conductive film is arranged on the second surface or the third surface
  • the anti-reflection film is arranged on the fourth surface;
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film to P-polarized light is not less than 6%
  • the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film to P-polarized light is not less than 10%
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light is not less than 10%. 15%.
  • the transparent conductive film includes a plurality of dielectric layers and metal layers, the number of the metal layers is not less than 3, and each of the metal layers is disposed between two of the dielectric layers.
  • the material of the metal layer is any metal or metal alloy selected from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, and platinum.
  • the material of the metal layer is an alloy of silver and at least one of gold, copper, aluminum, and platinum.
  • At least two electrodes are provided on the transparent conductive film, and the at least two electrodes are used for electrical connection with a power supply with a voltage of 12V-60V, so as to make the transparent conductive film generate heat.
  • the square resistance of the transparent conductive film is 0.5 ⁇ / ⁇ -0.9 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the anti-reflection film includes a high-refractive index layer and a low-refractive-index layer sequentially stacked from the fourth surface to the outside, wherein the high-refractive index layer has a refractive index of not less than 1.8, and the The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is not more than 1.6.
  • At least one high refractive index layer includes two high refractive index sublayers, wherein one high refractive index sublayer has a refractive index of 1.9-2.2, and wherein the other high refractive index sublayer has a refractive index greater than or equal to 2.3.
  • At least one high index layer includes at least two high index sublayers
  • at least one low index layer includes at least two low index sublayers
  • the intermediate layer has a wedge-shaped cross-section, and the wedge-shaped angle of the wedge-shaped cross-section is 0.05mrad-0.6mrad.
  • the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped section is 0.1mrad-0.18mrad.
  • the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped section is 0.45mrad-0.55mrad.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film to P-polarized light is R1
  • the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film to P-polarized light is R2
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light is R3 , R3 ⁇ R2+10%*R1.
  • the outer glass plate is colored glass with a visible light transmittance of not less than 70%.
  • the inner glass plate is transparent glass with visible light transmittance not less than 90%.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate is not greater than 1.4 mm.
  • the present invention provides a head-up display system, comprising a projection unit and the head-up display glass according to any one of the various embodiments of the first aspect, wherein the projection unit is configured to generate P-polarized light, the P-polarized light Light is incident on the anti-reflection film, and the incident angle of the P-polarized light is 55° ⁇ 75°.
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light is not less than 19%.
  • the projection unit produces 100% P-polarized light.
  • the first HUD image is formed by the reflection of the P-polarized light by the anti-reflection film
  • the second HUD image is formed by the reflection of the transparent conductive film
  • the head-up display glass makes the first HUD image and the The second HUD image is at least 80% overlaid.
  • the projection unit generates a head-up display image with a projection distance not greater than 5 meters and a head-up display image with a projection distance greater than or equal to 10 meters through the head-up display glass.
  • the P-polarized light is reflected by the anti-reflection film to form a first HUD image as the main image
  • the second HUD image is formed by the refraction of the anti-reflection film and the reflection of the transparent conductive film as a secondary image, so that the main image is formed. It is superimposed with the secondary image to increase the light of the P-polarized light entering the HUD image of the human eye.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film to the P-polarized light is not less than 6%
  • the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film to the P-polarized light is not less than 10%
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light is not less than 15%.
  • the light of the P-polarized light in the image of the human eye improves the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light, which can improve the display clarity of the HUD image and enhance the display effect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a head-up display glass of an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transparent conductive film of an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an anti-reflection film of an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antireflection film of an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an anti-reflection film of an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of the reflection spectrum of the head-up display glass.
  • a head-up display system includes a projection unit 60 and a head-up display glass provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the head-up display glass after the head-up display glass is installed on a car, it includes an outer glass plate 10 , a transparent conductive film 40 , an intermediate layer 30 , an inner glass plate 20 and an anti-reflection film 50 that are sequentially arranged from the outside of the car to the inside of the car.
  • the projection unit 60 is used to generate P-polarized light, the P-polarized light is incident on the anti-reflection film 50 from the inside of the vehicle, and the incident angle of the P-polarized light is 55° ⁇ 75°, and the incident angle is the The angle between the incident direction of the P-polarized light and the surface normal of the antireflection film 50, for example, a normal incident angle is about 64°.
  • the first light A and the second light B emitted by the projection unit 60 are both reflected and refracted at the enhanced reflection film 50; the primary reflected light A1 generated by the reflection of the first light A at the enhanced reflection film 50 is incident on the human eye 100 forms a first HUD image, and the first refracted light (not shown) generated by the refraction of the first light A at the anti-reflection film 50 enters the interior of the head-up display glass and then the light emitted from the anti-reflection film 50 will not be incident on people.
  • the primary refracted ray B1 generated by the refraction of the second ray B at the anti-reflection film 50 reaches the transparent conductive film 40 through the inner glass plate 20 and the intermediate layer 30, and the primary refracted ray B1
  • the secondary reflected light B2 generated by the reflection of the transparent conductive film 40, at least part of the secondary reflected light B2 is incident on the human eye through the intermediate layer 30, the inner glass plate 20 and the anti-reflection film 50 to form a second HUD image, and the light is refracted for the first time.
  • the double refracted light (not shown) generated by the refraction of the transparent conductive film 40 by B1 is emitted to the outside of the vehicle through the outer glass plate 10, and the primary reflected light (not shown) generated by the second light B reflected at the anti-reflection film 50 is not shown.
  • the image projected by the projection unit 60 forms the first HUD image as the main image through the reflection of the anti-reflection film 50, and the refraction and The reflection of the transparent conductive film 40 forms a second HUD image as a secondary image
  • the head-up display glass of the present invention can at least partially overlap the first HUD image and the second HUD image, so that the human eye 100 observes the HUD image.
  • the light of the main image is increased, so as to reduce or even eliminate the visual ghosting caused by the secondary image, and at the same time improve the brightness of the main image, preferably, the first HUD image and the second HUD image are superimposed by at least 80%, for example 85% % stack, eg 90% stack, more preferably 100% stack.
  • the light generated by the projection unit 60 is P-polarized light, and the projection unit 60 is used to output relevant text and image information such as speed, engine revolutions, fuel consumption, tire pressure, dynamic navigation, night vision, real-life map, etc. on the head-up display glass, Thereby, it is observed by the human eye 100 in the vehicle, realizing a head-up display (HUD), or even an augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD).
  • HUD head-up display
  • AR-HUD augmented reality head-up display
  • the position of the projection unit 60 and the incident angle of the P-polarized light are adjustable to suit observers at different positions or heights in the vehicle.
  • the proportion of the P-polarized light generated by the projection unit 60 is greater than or equal to 80%, more preferably greater than or equal to 90%, or even 100% of the P-polarized light.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a car, including a car body and the head-up display system of the embodiment of the present invention, the head-up display glass is installed on the car body, and the projection unit 60 is arranged in the car body.
  • the outer glass pane 10 includes opposing first and second surfaces 11 and 12
  • the inner pane 20 includes opposing third and fourth surfaces 21 , 22 .
  • the first surface 11 faces the outside of the car
  • the second surface 12 is opposite to the third surface 21
  • the fourth surface 22 faces the inside of the car
  • the intermediate layer 30 is arranged between the second surface 12 and the third surface 21
  • the transparent conductive film 40 is arranged on the On the second surface 12
  • the reflection enhancing film 50 is disposed on the fourth surface 22 .
  • FIG. 2 in another embodiment, it is basically the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , except that the transparent conductive film 40 is disposed on the third surface 21 .
  • the transparent conductive film 40 and the anti-reflection film 50 are both transparent nano-films, which have a visible light transmittance of at least 70%, and also have functions such as reflecting P-polarized light.
  • the transparent conductive film 40 and the anti-reflection film 50 can be deposited on the second surface 12, the third surface 21 or the fourth surface 22 by vapor deposition, for example, the transparent conductive film 40 is deposited on the second surface by a magnetron sputtering process 12 or the third surface 21, a reflection enhancing film 50 is deposited on the fourth surface 22 by a magnetron sputtering process.
  • the transparent conductive film 40 includes a plurality of metal layers, so as to have the function of reflecting infrared rays.
  • the transparent conductive film 40 has the characteristics of high transmission of visible light and high reflection of infrared rays, so that it has excellent properties at the same time. Thermal insulation and good light transmission. Therefore, the head-up display glass of the present invention not only has the function of head-up display, but also has the function of heat insulation and good light transmittance.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film 40 to P-polarized light is not less than 6%.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film 40 to P-polarized light is not less than 9%.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film 40 to P polarized light may be 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, etc.
  • the reflectivity of the reflection enhancing film 50 to P-polarized light is not less than 10%.
  • the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film 50 to P-polarized light is not less than 14%.
  • the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film 50 to P-polarized light may be 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 30%, etc.
  • the head-up display glass can at least partially overlap the first HUD image and the second HUD image, and the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light is not less than 15%.
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light is not less than 19%.
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light may be 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25% , 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 40%, etc.
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light is measured by injecting the P-polarized light from the side of the anti-reflection film 50 at the incident angle (for example, 64°) in actual use.
  • the ratio between the reflected light and all incident light is described, the wavelength of the P-polarized light is 380nm-780nm, and the reflection spectrum is drawn according to the wavelength, and the reflectivity of the P-polarized light is calculated according to the standard ISO9050.
  • the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film 40 to P-polarized light can be determined by simulating or measuring the reflectivity of a comparative glass plate with a transparent conductive film but no reflection enhancement film, and the reflectivity of the reflection enhancement film 50 to P-polarized light can be simulated or measured. Measure the reflectivity of the contrast glass plate with the anti-reflection film but without the transparent conductive film to determine; the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film 40 and the anti-reflection film 50 to the P-polarized light are respectively the same as the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light. determined under the experimental conditions.
  • the P-polarized light is reflected by the anti-reflection film 50 to form the first HUD image as the main image
  • the second HUD image is formed by the refraction of the anti-reflection film 50 and the reflection of the transparent conductive film 40 as the secondary image, so that the main image is formed.
  • the image and the secondary image are superimposed to increase the light of the P-polarized light entering the HUD image of the human eye.
  • the reflectivity R1 of the transparent conductive film 40 to the P-polarized light is not less than 6%
  • the reflectivity R2 of the anti-reflection film 50 to the P-polarized light is not less than 10%
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to the P-polarized light R3 ⁇ R2+ 10%*R1, preferably R3 ⁇ R2+20%*R1, more preferably R3 ⁇ R2+30%*R1, even R3 ⁇ R2+40%*R1, R3 ⁇ R2 can also be satisfied under certain incident angles +50%*R1, can increase the light of P-polarized light entering the image of the human eye, and improve the reflectivity of the head-up display glass to P-polarized light, thereby improving the display brightness and clarity of the projected HUD image and enhancing the display effect.
  • the transparent conductive film 40 includes a plurality of dielectric layers and metal layers, the number of metal layers is not less than 3, and each metal layer is disposed between two dielectric layers.
  • the number of metal layers may be 3, 4, 5 . . .
  • the number of dielectric layers is at least one more than the number of metal layers, that is, the number of dielectric layers may be 4, 5, 6, . . .
  • a dielectric layer 41 a a dielectric layer 41 a , a metal layer 42 a , a dielectric layer 41 b , a metal layer 42 b , a dielectric layer 41 c , a dielectric layer 41 a , a metal layer 42 a , a dielectric layer 41 b , a Metal layer 42c and dielectric layer 41d.
  • the structure of the transparent conductive film 40 may also be called three silvers, four silvers, five silvers, and the like.
  • the number of metal layers not less than 3 can have a better reflection effect on infrared rays and a better heat insulation effect.
  • the dielectric layer protects the metal layer, so that it can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending forming processes, and the optical performance of the obtained head-up display system can meet the use standard of automotive glass.
  • the structure of the transparent conductive film 40 can also refer to the above-mentioned description, which will not be repeated here.
  • the material of the metal layer is any one metal or metal alloy among (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and platinum (Pt). Further, the material of the metal layer is an alloy of silver (Ag) and at least one of gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and platinum (Pt).
  • the material of the dielectric layer is selected from zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni), indium (In), aluminum (Al), at least one of cerium (Ce), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and oxides of silicon (Si) elements, and/or selected from silicon ( At least one of nitrides of Si), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) elements, oxynitrides and mixtures thereof.
  • the transparent conductive film 40 is provided with at least two electrodes, and the at least two electrodes are used for electrical connection with a power supply with a voltage of 12V-60V, so as to make the transparent conductive film 40 generate heat.
  • the electrode can be selected from metal foil and/or conductive silver paste, and the metal foil is fixed on the transparent conductive film 40 by sticking or the like, and the metal foil can specifically be gold foil, silver foil, copper foil or aluminum foil, etc.;
  • the conductive silver paste forms electrodes directly on the transparent conductive film 40 by printing or the like.
  • the electrodes may include a first electrode and a second electrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power source.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are also in direct electrical contact with the transparent conductive film 40, so that the current of the power source can be transmitted to the transparent conductive film 40, so that the transparent conductive film 40 can realize the heat insulation function of infrared reflection and the head-up display function at the same time. , and can also realize the electric heating function to meet the needs of defrosting and defogging.
  • the square resistance of the transparent conductive film 40 is not greater than 1.2 ⁇ / ⁇ , preferably 0.5 ⁇ / ⁇ -0.9 ⁇ / ⁇
  • the anti-reflection film 50 includes a high refractive index layer 51 and a low refractive index layer 52 that are sequentially stacked from the fourth surface 22 toward the interior of the vehicle.
  • the refractive index of the high refractive index layer 51 is not less than 1.8
  • the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 52 is not more than 1.6.
  • the high refractive index layer of the antireflection film 50 includes at least two high refractive index sublayers, namely a first high refractive index sublayer and a second high refractive index sublayer, the first high refractive index sublayer.
  • the refractive index sublayer is closer to the fourth surface 22 than the second high refractive index sublayer, preferably the refractive index of the first high refractive index sublayer is 1.9-2.2, the refractive index of the second high refractive index sublayer is greater than or equal to 2.3, In this way, the reflectivity to the P-polarized light can be further increased, and the reflection color of the reflection enhancing film 50 can be made beautiful.
  • the low refractive index layer of the antireflection film 50 may also include at least two low refractive index sublayers.
  • the number of the high-refractive index layer and the low-refractive index layer is multiple.
  • the number of high-refractive index layers and low-refractive index layers is the same, each of which can be 2, 3, 4 layers, etc., and the refractive index can refer to the above description.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows a structure in which the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer are each composed of two layers, that is, the high refractive index layer 51a, the low refractive index layer 52a, the high refractive index layer 51b, and the low refractive index layer 52b are stacked in sequence .
  • the intermediate layer 30 serves to connect the outer glass pane 10 and the inner glass pane 20 .
  • the intermediate layer 30 has a wedge-shaped section, and the wedge-shaped angle of the wedge-shaped section is 0.05mrad-0.6mrad.
  • the wedge angle may be 0.05mrad, 0.1mrad, 0.15mrad, 0.18mrad, 0.3mrad, 0.4mrad, 0.45mrad, 0.5mrad, 0.55mrad, 0.6mrad, and the like.
  • the wedge angle is 0.1mrad-0.18mrad, and the projection distance of the HUD image (the distance between the HUD image and the human eye) is at least 10 meters, so as to better realize the augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD), It even realizes holographic projection imaging inside and outside the car.
  • the wedge angle is 0.45mrad-0.55mrad, so as to better realize a head-up display (HUD) with a projection distance not greater than 5 meters.
  • Setting the intermediate layer 30 to be wedge-shaped and setting a suitable range of the wedge-shaped angle can make the main image formed by the reflection of the anti-reflection film 50 and the secondary image formed by the refraction of the anti-reflection film 50 and reflected by the transparent conductive film 40 to be at least partially superimposed to achieve
  • the enhanced display of the head-up display image improves the brightness and clarity of the head-up display image.
  • the material of the intermediate layer 30 is polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polyethylene At least one of methyl methacrylate (PMMA), ionic interlayer (SGP) or polyurethane (PU).
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PA polyacrylate
  • PMMA polyethylene At least one of methyl methacrylate
  • SGP ionic interlayer
  • PU polyurethane
  • an infrared absorber or an ultraviolet absorber is added to the material of the intermediate layer 30 .
  • the infrared absorber is used to absorb infrared rays, so that the head-up display glass has better sun protection and heat insulation functions.
  • Ultraviolet absorbers are used to absorb ultraviolet rays, so that the head-up display glass has the function of isolating ultraviolet rays.
  • the intermediate layer 30 is provided with a colored area (not shown), the transparency of the colored area is smaller than that of other areas, so as to be used as a shadow band to reduce the interference of sunlight to human eyes, and to improve driving safety and comfort.
  • the intermediate layer 30 includes a plurality of sub-layers arranged in layers.
  • the number of sub-layers is not limited, and multiple sub-layers can be made of the same or different materials, so as to realize various functions as required.
  • the plasticizer content of one of the sub-layers is higher than that of the other sub-layers, so that the intermediate layer 30 has an excellent sound insulation function.
  • the outer glass plate 10 is colored glass with a visible light transmittance of not less than 70%.
  • the outer glass plate 10 may be green glass, which can partially absorb the P-polarized light refracted by the transparent conductive film 40, thereby further improving the quality of the head-up display image.
  • the outer glass plate 10 can also be transparent glass.
  • the inner glass plate 20 is transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of not less than 90%.
  • the absorption of the P-polarized light refracted by the anti-reflection film 50 can be reduced, and the brightness of the head-up display image can be further improved.
  • the requirements for the visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 20 need to meet the national regulatory requirement for the visible light transmittance of the front windshield of an automobile to be more than 70%.
  • the present invention can satisfy this requirement by setting the visible light transmittances of the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 20 described above.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate 20 is not greater than 1.4 mm, and optionally, the thickness of the inner glass plate 20 is 0.3 mm-1.2 mm. Specifically, the thickness of the inner glass plate 20 may be 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, and the like. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the thickness of the inner glass plate 20 is 1.1 mm.
  • the intermediate layer 30 it is not necessary for the intermediate layer 30 to have a wedge-shaped cross-section, and an equal-thickness intermediate layer 30 with a rectangular cross-section can be selected to further reduce the cost.
  • the outer glass plate 10 and the inner glass plate 20 may be curved glass, and the curved glass may be physically strengthened, chemically strengthened or bulk strengthened.
  • Physical strengthening mainly refers to processing the glass plate through high temperature heat treatment and bending molding at at least 560°C; chemical strengthening mainly refers to ion exchange on the glass surface through ions of different ionic radii, so that the glass surface generates high surface stress, and With a certain depth of stress layer, the strength of the glass in terms of mechanical properties is improved; bulk strengthening mainly refers to neither physical strengthening nor chemical strengthening, the original glass itself can be directly combined with another piece of glass to form an interlayer Glass, and the quality of the laminated glass meets the standards for the use of automotive laminated glass, such as China's "GB9656-2016 Automotive Safety Glass", etc.
  • the present invention is described with the head-up display systems of Example 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-4.
  • the projection unit of Example 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-4 is a TFT-LCD projector with LED backlight, which can generate at least 99 % P-polarized light, also contains multiple mirrors, adjust the position of the projection unit and the incident angle of the P-polarized light so that the observer can observe the display image to achieve the clearest.
  • the present invention prepares the HUD glasses of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 according to the automobile glass production process, wherein ZnSnOx:Mg is Mg-doped ZnSnOx, and ZnO:Al is Al-doped ZnO.
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/transparent conductive film/0.76mm wedge-shaped PVB/inner glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/anti-reflection film
  • Transparent conductive film 2.1mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(15nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al (26nm)/Ag(13nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(25nm)/Ag(11nm)/ZnO:Al(9nm)/TiOx(2nm) )/ZnSnOx:Mg(18nm)/SiN(13nm)
  • Reflective coating 2.1mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/transparent conductive film/0.76mm wedge-shaped PVB/inner glass plate (1.1mm transparent glass)/enhancing reflection film
  • Reflective coating 1.1mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass) / transparent conductive film / 0.76mm equal thickness PVB / inner glass plate (0.7mm transparent glass) / anti-reflection film
  • Transparent conductive film 2.1mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(16nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(9nm)/ZnO:Al(22nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al (27nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(24nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/TiOx(2nm) )/ZnSnOx:Mg(14nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/Ag(10nm)/ZnO:Al(20nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(20nm
  • Anti-reflection coating 0.7mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/transparent conductive film/0.76mm equal thickness PVB/inner glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)
  • the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 1 is the same as the transparent conductive film of Example 1, without the reflection enhancing film;
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass) / 0.76mm equal thickness PVB / inner glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass) / anti-reflection film
  • the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 2 is the same as the anti-reflection film of Example 1, without a transparent conductive film;
  • the head-up display systems of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-2 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection unit at the commonly used incident angle of 60° to 70°, and visually observe whether the HUD image is clear and without ghosting; At the same time, the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 to P-polarized light was recorded every 1°, and the results were included in Table 1.
  • the reflection spectra of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 in the wavelength range of 380nm-780nm were recorded when the incident angle of P-polarized light was 64°, and the abscissa in Fig. 7 is the wavelength (unit is nanometer nm), the ordinate in FIG. 7 is the reflectivity of P-polarized light (unit is percent), curve 101 is the reflection spectrum curve of P-polarized light of Comparative Example 1, and curve 102 is the P-polarized light of Comparative Example 2
  • the reflection spectrum curve of 103 is the reflection spectrum curve of the P-polarized light of Example 1.
  • the reflectivity of the HUD glass of Examples 1-3 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 2 to P-polarized light and the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 1.
  • the sum of 10% of the reflectivity of the film to P-polarized light, when the P-polarized light is incident at an incident angle of 60°-67°, the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Examples 1-3 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to The sum of the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film of Example 2 to P-polarized light and the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 1 to P-polarized light is 20%.
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Examples 1-3 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to 30% of the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 2 to P-polarized light and the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 1 to P-polarized light
  • the sum of % realizes at least partial superposition of the main image and the auxiliary image of the head-up display image, thereby improving the display brightness and clarity of the projected HUD image and enhancing the display effect.
  • Comparative Example 1 has local minimum reflectivity for P-polarized light at 455nm and 630nm. Compared with Example 1, the reflectivity of the glass at 455nm and 630nm can be significantly headed up. The reflection spectrum of the head-up display glass of Example 1 between 455nm-630nm is more flat, especially the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Example 1 between 530nm-550nm is significantly greater than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
  • Example 2-3 uses a thinner inner glass plate, such as 1.1mm transparent glass and 0.7mm transparent glass, so that the secondary image of the head-up display image can be invisible, and the head-up display can be further improved.
  • a wedge-shaped intermediate layer with a smaller wedge angle or even an equal-thickness intermediate layer with a wedge angle of 0 can be used to further reduce the cost.
  • Example 3 can further improve the reflectivity of the P-polarized light of the head-up display glass by increasing the number of metal layers in the transparent conductive film.
  • the head-up display systems of Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-2 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection unit at an incident angle of 64° to generate head-up display images (HUD images) with projection distances of 2.5 meters and 10 meters, respectively. , visually observe whether the HUD image is clear and without ghosting, and the visible light transmittance (TL) and total solar transmittance (TTS) can be calculated according to ISO 9050, and the results are included in Table 2.
  • Example 1-3 can achieve a higher brightness head-up display image, and at the same time, it can also have excellent heat insulation effect and good light transmittance, which is better to meet the safety and comfort requirements of automotive glass.
  • Embodiment 1-3 can realize augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD, projection distance ⁇ 10 meters) on the basis of realizing higher quality ordinary head-up display (projection distance ⁇ 5 meters), and embodiment 1-2 It is also possible to achieve good synchronization display of ordinary head-up display images and augmented reality head-up display images.
  • AR-HUD augmented reality head-up display
  • projection distance ⁇ 10 meters projection distance ⁇ 10 meters
  • projection distance ⁇ 5 meters projection distance ⁇ 5 meters
  • embodiment 1-2 It is also possible to achieve good synchronization display of ordinary head-up display images and augmented reality head-up display images.
  • the present invention prepares the head-up display glasses of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 according to the automobile glass production process, wherein ZnSnOx:Mg is Mg-doped ZnSnOx, and ZnO:Al is Al-doped ZnO.
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/transparent conductive film/0.76mm wedge-shaped PVB/inner glass plate (1.8mm transparent glass)/enhancing reflection film
  • Transparent conductive film 2.1mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(30nm)/ZnO:Al(16nm)/Ag(10.5nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(55nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/ Ag(11nm)/ZnO:Al(9nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(56nm)/ZnO:Al(8nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(12nm)/TiOx(5.5nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(19.5nm) )/SiN(8nm)
  • Anti-reflection coating 1.8mm transparent glass/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass)/transparent conductive film/0.76mm equal thickness PVB/inner glass plate (1.8mm transparent glass)
  • the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 3 is the same as the transparent conductive film of Example 4, without the reflection enhancing film;
  • Head-up display glass outer glass plate (2.1mm transparent glass) / 0.76mm equal thickness PVB / inner glass plate (1.8mm transparent glass) / anti-reflection film
  • the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 4 is the same as the anti-reflection film of Example 4, without a transparent conductive film;
  • the head-up display systems of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection unit at a commonly used incident angle of 60° to 70°, and visually observe whether the HUD image is clear and without ghosting; at the same time, The reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 to P-polarized light was recorded every 1°, and the results were included in Table 3.
  • Table 3 The reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 to P-polarized light
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Example 4 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to the reflectivity of the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 4 to P-polarized light and the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 3 to P-polarized light
  • the reflectivity of the head-up display glass of Example 4 to P-polarized light is greater than or equal to that of the anti-reflection film of Comparative Example 4.
  • the sum of the reflectivity of the P-polarized light and the reflectivity of the transparent conductive film of Comparative Example 3 to the P-polarized light is 20%, so that the main image and the sub-image of the head-up display image are at least partially superimposed, thereby improving the display brightness of the projected HUD image. and clarity to enhance the display.
  • the head-up display systems of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 project the P-polarized light generated by the projection unit at an incident angle of 64° to generate head-up display images (HUD images) with projection distances of 2.5 meters and 10 meters, respectively.
  • HUD images head-up display images
  • TL visible light transmittance
  • TTS total solar transmittance
  • Example 4 can achieve a higher brightness head-up display image, and at the same time, it can also have excellent heat insulation effect and good light transmittance, which can better satisfy Safety and comfort requirements of automotive glass.
  • Embodiment 4 can realize augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD, projection distance ⁇ 10 meters) on the basis of realizing higher quality ordinary head-up display (projection distance ⁇ 5 meters), and embodiment 4 can also realize ordinary head-up display (AR-HUD, projection distance ⁇ 10 meters).
  • the head-up display image is displayed in good synchronization with the augmented reality head-up display image.

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Abstract

一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统，包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜，外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面，内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面，第二表面和第三表面相对，中间层设置在第二表面和第三表面之间，透明导电膜设置在第二表面或第三表面上，增反射膜设置在第四表面上；其中，透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6％，增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10％，抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15％，能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线，提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率，能提高HUD图像的显示清晰度，增强显示效果。

Description

抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统
本申请要求于2021年04月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110416008.6、申请名称为“抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及抬头显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的发展，汽车前挡玻璃具有抬头显示功能成为消费者选购汽车的重要考虑因素。常规的抬头显示玻璃在玻璃上涂布具有反射功能的膜层，投影单元投射的图像在该膜层反射而进入人眼。
然而，常规的抬头显示玻璃为保证透光度满足国家标准，设置的反射功能的膜层的反射率有限，使得人眼接收的图像亮度低而显得模糊不清，显示效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统，能提高抬头显示玻璃的反射率，提高图像的清晰度，增强显示效果。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种抬头显示玻璃，包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜，所述外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面，所述内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面，所述第二表面和所述第三表面相对，所述中间层设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间，所述透明导电膜设置在所述第二表面或所述第三表面上，所述增反射膜设置在所述第四表面上；
其中，所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6％，所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10％，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15％。
一种实施方式中，所述透明导电膜包括多个介质层和金属层，所述金属层的数量不少于3，每一所述金属层设置于两个所述介质层之间。
一种实施方式中，所述金属层的材质为银、金、铜、铝、铂金中的任意一种金属或金属合金。
一种实施方式中，所述金属层的材质为银与金、铜、铝、铂金中至少一种的合金。
一种实施方式中，所述透明导电膜上设有至少两个电极，所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接，以使所述透明导电膜发热。
一种实施方式中，所述透明导电膜的方阻为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
一种实施方式中，所述增反射膜包括自所述第四表面向外依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，其中，所述高折射率层的折射率不小于1.8，所述低折射率层的折射率不大于1.6。
一种实施方式中，至少一个高折射率层包括两个高折射率子层，其中一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2，其中另一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3。
一种实施方式中，至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层，至少一个低折射率 层包括至少两个低折射率子层。
一种实施方式中，所述中间层具有楔形截面，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。
一种实施方式中，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad。
一种实施方式中，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad。
一种实施方式中，所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率为R1，所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率为R2，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率为R3，R3≥R2+10％*R1。
一种实施方式中，所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于70％的着色玻璃。
一种实施方式中，所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于90％的透明玻璃。
一种实施方式中，所述内玻璃板的厚度不大于1.4mm。
第二方面，本发明提供一种抬头显示系统，包括投影单元和第一方面各种实施方式中任一项所述的抬头显示玻璃，所述投影单元用于产生P偏振光，所述P偏振光入射到所述增反射膜上，所述P偏振光的入射角为55°～75°。
一种实施方式中，所述抬头显示玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率不小于19％。
一种实施方式中，所述投影单元产生100％的P偏振光。
一种实施方式中，P偏振光通过所述增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像，通过所述透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像，所述抬头显示玻璃使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80％叠加。
一种实施方式中，所述投影单元通过所述抬头显示玻璃产生投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示图像和投影距离大于或等于10米的抬头显示图像。
本发明提供的抬头显示玻璃，P偏振光通过增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像，通过增反射膜的折射和透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像，使主像和副像叠加，增加进入人眼的HUD图像的P偏振光的光线。同时，透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6％，增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10％，抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15％，能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线，提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率，能提高HUD图像的显示清晰度，增强显示效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一种实施例的抬头显示系统的示意图；
图2是一种实施例的抬头显示玻璃的示意图；
图3是一种实施例的透明导电膜的示意图；
图4是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图；
图5是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图；
图6是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图；
图7是抬头显示玻璃的反射光谱曲线图。
附图标记说明：
10-外玻璃板，11-第一表面，12-第二表面；
20-内玻璃板，21-第三表面，22-第四表面；
30-中间层；
40-透明导电膜，41a、41b、41c、41d-介质层，42a、42b、42c-金属层；
50-增反射膜，51、51a、51b-高折射率层，52、52a、52b-低折射率层，53-连接层；
60-投影单元；
100-人眼。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1，本发明一种实施例的抬头显示系统包括投影单元60和本发明实施例提供的抬头显示玻璃。一种实施例中，该抬头显示玻璃安装到汽车上后，包括自车外向车内方向依次设置的外玻璃板10、透明导电膜40、中间层30、内玻璃板20和增反射膜50。投影单元60用于产生P偏振光，所述P偏振光自车内入射到所述增反射膜50上，所述P偏振光的入射角为55°～75°，所述入射角为所述P偏振光的入射方向与所述增反射膜50的表面法线之间的角度，例如通常的入射角约为64°。
具体的，投影单元60射出的第一光线A和第二光线B在增反射膜50处均发生反射和折射；第一光线A在增反射膜50处反射产生的初次反射光线A1入射到人眼100形成第一HUD图像，第一光线A在增反射膜50处折射产生的初次折射光线(未示出)进入所述抬头显示玻璃内部后再从增反射膜50出射的光线不会入射到人眼100，使得不被人眼100观察到；同时，第二光线B在增反射膜50处折射产生的初次折射光线B1经内玻璃板20和中间层30抵达透明导电膜40，初次折射光线B1在透明导电膜40反射产生的二次反射光线B2，二次反射光线B2中的至少部分经中间层30、内玻璃板20和增反射膜50入射到人眼形成第二HUD图像，初次折射光线B1在透明导电膜40折射产生的二次折射光线(未示出)经外玻璃板10出射至车外，第二光线B在增反射膜50处反射产生的初次反射光线(未示出)不会入射到人眼100，使得不被人眼100观察到；也就是说，投影单元60投射的图像通过增反射膜50的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像，通过增反射膜50的折射和透明导电膜40的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像，本发明所述的抬头显示玻璃能够使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少部分叠加，使得被人眼100观察到的主像的光线增多，从而在减弱甚至消除因副像形成的视觉重影的同时，提升主像的亮度，优选使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80％叠加，例如85％叠加，例如90％叠加，更优选100％叠加。
投影单元60产生的光为P偏振光，所述投影单元60用于输出相关文字、图像信息例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、动态导航、夜视、实景地图等到抬头显示玻璃上，从而被车内的人眼100所观察到，实现抬头显示(HUD)，甚至增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD)。所述投影单元60的位置和P偏振光的入射角是可调的，以适合车内不同位置或高度的观察者。在本发明中，所述投影单元60产生的P偏振光的占比大于或等于80％，更优选大于或等于90％，甚至100％为P偏振光。
本发明实施例还提供一种汽车，包括车体和本发明实施例的抬头显示系统，抬头显示玻璃安装在车体上，投影单元60设置在车体内。
在图1中，外玻璃板10包括相背的第一表面11和第二表面12，内玻璃板20包括相背的第三表面21和第四表面22。第一表面11朝向车外，第二表面12和第三表面21相对，第四表面22朝向车内，中间层30设置在第二表面12和第三表面21之间，透明导电膜40设置在第二表面12上，增反射膜50设置在第四表面22上。
请参考图2，在另一种实施例中，与图1所示的实施例基本相同，区别在于，透明导电膜40设置在第三表面21上。
透明导电膜40和增反射膜50均为透明纳米膜，具有至少70％的可见光透过率，还具有反射P偏振光等功能。透明导电膜40和增反射膜50可以通过气相沉积的方法沉积在第二表面12、第三表面21或第四表面22上，例如通过磁控溅射工艺将透明导电膜40沉积在第二表面12或第三表面21上，通过磁控溅射工艺将增反射膜50沉积在第四表面22上。
结合图1和图2的实施例，透明导电膜40包括多个金属层，从而具有红外线反射功能，透明导电膜40具有对可见光高透过及对红外线高反射的特性，使其同时具有优异的隔热效果和良好的透光性。因此，本发明的抬头显示玻璃不仅具有抬头显示功能，还能具有隔热功能和良好的透光性。
其中，透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率不小于6％。可选的，透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率不小于9％。可选的，透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率可为6％、7％、8％、9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％等。增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率不小于10％。可选的，增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率不小于14％。可选的，增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率可为10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、30％等。所述抬头显示玻璃能够使第一HUD图像与第二HUD图像至少部分叠加，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15％。可选的，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于19％。可选的，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率可为15％、16％、17％、18％、19％、20％、21％、22％、23％、24％、25％、26％、27％、28％、29％、30％、31％、32％、33％、34％、35％、40％等。
具体的，结合图1至图2，抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率通过将P偏振光以实际使用时的入射角(例如64°)从增反射膜50一侧入射进行测量，反射率描述了被反射光线与所有入射光线之间的比例，所述P偏振光的波长为380nm-780nm，根据波长绘制形成反射光谱，根据标准ISO9050计算P偏振光的反射率。透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率可以通过仿真或测量具有透明导电膜但没有增反射膜的对比玻璃板的反射率来确定，增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率可以通过仿真或测量具有增反射膜但没有透明导电膜的对比玻璃板的反射率来确定；透明导电膜40和增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率分别在与抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率相同的实验条件下进行确定。
本发明实施例中，P偏振光通过增反射膜50的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像，通过增反射膜50的折射和透明导电膜40的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像，使主像和副像叠加，增加进入人眼的HUD图像的P偏振光的光线。同时，透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率R1不小于6％，增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率R2不小于10％，抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率R3≥R2+10％*R1，优选地R3≥R2+20％*R1，更优选地R3≥R2+30％*R1，甚至R3≥R2+40％*R1，在某些入射角下还能够满足R3≥R2+50％*R1，能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线，提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率，从而提高投影的HUD图像的显示亮度和清晰度，增 强显示效果。
请参考图3，一种实施例中，透明导电膜40包括多个介质层和金属层，金属层的数量不少于3，每一金属层设置于两个介质层之间。
具体的，金属层的数量可以为3、4、5……。介质层的数量比金属层的数量多至少一层，即介质层的数量可以为4、5、6……。如图1和图3所示，以透明导电膜40设在外玻璃板10上为例，在外玻璃板10上依次沉积介质层41a、金属层42a、介质层41b、金属层42b、介质层41c、金属层42c和介质层41d。以金属层的材质为银为例，此种透明导电膜40的结构又可称为三银、四银、五银等。数量不少于3的金属层可以对红外线具有更佳的反射作用，起到更好的隔热效果。介质层对金属层进行保护，实现能够承受后续高温热处理或其他弯曲成型工艺，并且得到的抬头显示系统的光学性能能够满足汽车玻璃的使用标准。
请参考图2，当透明导电膜40设置在内玻璃板20的第三表面21时，透明导电膜40的结构亦可参考前述的说明，此处不再赘述。
其中，金属层的材质为(Ag)、金(Au)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铂金(Pt)中的任意一种金属或金属合金。进一步的，金属层的材质为银(Ag)与金(Au)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铂金(Pt)中至少一种的合金。
其中，介质层的材质选自锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、锡(Sn)、钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、锆(Zr)、镍(Ni)、铟(I n)、铝(Al)、铈(Ce)、钨(W)、钼(Mo)、锑(Sb)、铋(Bi)、硅(Si)元素的氧化物中的至少一种，和/或选自硅(Si)、铝(Al)、锆(Zr)、钇(Y)、铈(Ce)、镧(La)元素的氮化物、氮氧化物及其混合物中的至少一种。
一种实施例中，透明导电膜40上设有至少两个电极，所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接，以使透明导电膜40发热。
所述电极可以选用金属箔和/或导电银浆，所述金属箔通过粘贴等方式固定在所述透明导电膜40上，所述金属箔具体可以为金箔、银箔、铜箔或铝箔等；所述导电银浆通过印刷等方式直接在所述透明导电膜40上形成电极。电极可包括第一电极和第二电极，第一电极和第二电极分别与电源的正负极连接。第一电极和第二电极还与透明导电膜40直接电接触，使得电源的电流能够被传输至透明导电膜40中，使得透明导电膜40在实现红外线反射的隔热功能和抬头显示功能的同时，还能够实现电加热功能，满足除霜除雾的需求。优选地，透明导电膜40的方阻不大于1.2Ω/□，优选为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
请参考图1和图4，一种实施例中，增反射膜50包括自第四表面22向车内方向依次层叠的高折射率层51和低折射率层52。其中，高折射率层51的折射率不小于1.8，低折射率层52的折射率不大于1.6。通过设置高折射率层51和低折射率层52依次层叠的结构，在满足良好的透光性的同时，可以增加对P偏振光的反射率，提高主像的清晰度。
一种实施例中，请参考图5，增反射膜50的高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层，即第一高折射率子层和第二高折射率子层，第一高折射率子层比第二高折射率子层更靠近第四表面22，优选第一高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2，第二高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3，这样能进一步增加对P偏振光的反射率，还能够使增反射膜50的反射色美观。可选的，增反射膜50的低折射率层也可以包括至少两个低折射率子层。
一种实施例中，请参考图6，高折射率层和低折射率层的数量均为多个。其中，高折射率层和低折射率层的数量相同，各可分别为2、3、4层等，其折射率可参考前述说明。图6所示实施例示出了高折射率层和低折射率层各为2层的结构，即高折射率层51a、低折射率层52a、高折射率层51b、低折射率层52b依次层叠。
中间层30用于连接外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20。一种实施例中，请参考图1和图2，中间层30具有楔形截面，楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。具体的，楔形角可为0.05mrad、0.1mrad、0.15mard、0.18mrad、0.3mrad、0.4mrad、0.45mard、0.5mrad、0.55mard、0.6mrad等。可选的，楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad，实现HUD图像的投影距离(HUD图像和人眼之间的距离)至少为10米，以更好地实现增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD)，甚至实现车内外的全息投影成像。可选的，楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad，以更好地实现投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示(HUD)。设置中间层30为楔形，并设置楔形角的合适范围，可使得由增反射膜50反射形成的主像和由增反射膜50折射并经透明导电膜40反射形成的副像至少部分叠加，实现抬头显示图像的增强显示，提高了抬头显示图像的亮度和清晰度。
可选的，中间层30的材质为聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、离子性中间层(SGP)或聚氨酯(PU)中的至少一种。
可选的，中间层30的材质中添加有红外线吸收剂或紫外线吸收剂。红外线吸收剂用于吸收红外线，使得抬头显示玻璃具有更好的防晒、隔热功能。紫外线吸收剂用于吸收紫外线，使得抬头显示玻璃具有隔离紫外线功能。
可选的，中间层30设有着色区(未示出)，着色区的透明度小于其他区域，以用作阴影带从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰，提高驾驶安全性和舒适性。
可选的，中间层30包括层叠设置的多个子层。子层的数量不做限定，多个子层可为相同或不同的材质，从而根据需要实现各种功能。
其中，多个子层中的其中一个子层的增塑剂含量高于其他子层，从而使得中间层30具有优异的隔音功能。
一种实施例中，外玻璃板10为可见光透过率不小于70％的着色玻璃。可选的，外玻璃板10可为绿玻，可对透明导电膜40折射的P偏振光产生部分吸收，进一步提升抬头显示图像的质量。可选的，外玻璃板10也可为透明玻璃。
一种实施例中，内玻璃板20为可见光光透过率不小于90％的透明玻璃。可减少对增反射膜50折射的P偏振光的吸收，进一步提升抬头显示图像的亮度。
外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20的可见光透过率的要求，需要满足国家对于汽车前挡玻璃的可见光透过率70％以上的法规要求。而本发明通过设置上述的外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20的可见光透过率，能够满足此要求。
一种实施例中，内玻璃板20的厚度不大于1.4mm，可选的，内玻璃板20的厚度为0.3mm-1.2mm。具体的，内玻璃板20的厚度可为0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm等。在图2所示的实施例中，内玻璃板20的厚度为1.1mm，通过降低内玻璃板20的厚度，可使得主像和副像的重影偏移距离控制在人眼不可分辨的程度，此时的中间层30具有楔形截面不是必须的，可选用具有矩形截面的等厚中间层30，进一步降低成本。
可选的，请参考图1至图2，外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20可为弯曲玻璃，弯曲玻璃可以经过物理强化、化学强化或本体强化。物理强化主要是指将玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型进行处理；化学强化主要是指通过不同离子半径的离子在玻璃表面进行离子交换，使玻璃表面产生较高的表面应力，并伴随有一定的应力层深度，从而提高玻璃在力学性能方面的强度；本体强化主要是指既不需要经过物理强化、也不需要经过化学强化，原片玻璃本身就可直接配合另一片玻璃形成夹层玻璃，并且夹层玻璃的质量符合汽车夹层玻璃的 使用标准，例如中国的《GB9656-2016汽车安全玻璃》等。
实施例
下面，举出一些本发明的实施例进一步说明，但本发明不限于以下实施例。
本发明以实施例1-4和对比例1-4的抬头显示系统进行说明，实施例1-4和对比例1-4的投影单元选用LED背光的TFT-LCD投影机，其能够产生至少99％的P偏振光，还包含多个反射镜，调节投影单元的位置和P偏振光的入射角使观察者能够观察到的显示图像达到最清晰。
本发明按照汽车玻璃生产工艺准备实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃，其中的ZnSnOx:Mg为掺杂Mg的ZnSnOx，ZnO:Al为掺杂Al的ZnO。
实施例1
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm楔形PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜：2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(15nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al(26nm)/Ag(13nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(25nm)/Ag(11nm)/ZnO:Al(9nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(18nm)/SiN(13nm)
楔形PVB：楔形角＝0.29mard
增反射膜：2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
实施例2
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm楔形PVB/内玻璃板(1.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜：与实施例1一致
楔形PVB：楔形角＝0.18mard
增反射膜：1.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
实施例3
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(0.7mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜：2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(16nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(9nm)/ZnO:Al(22nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al(27nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(24nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(14nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/Ag(10nm)/ZnO:Al(20nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(20nm)/SiN(15nm)
等厚PVB：楔形角＝0
增反射膜：0.7mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
对比例1
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)
对比例1的透明导电膜与实施例1的透明导电膜一致，无增反射膜；
对比例2
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
对比例2的增反射膜与实施例1的增反射膜一致，无透明导电膜；
实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以普遍使用的60°～70°为入射角进行投影，目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影；同时，每间隔1°记录实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率，将结果计入表1中。
表1：实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率
  对比例1 对比例2 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
入射角＝60° 9.16％ 14.32％ 19.09％ 19.88％ 21.19％
入射角＝61° 9.22％ 15.68％ 19.47％ 20.12％ 21.88％
入射角＝62° 9.38％ 16.95％ 20.01％ 20.72％ 22.50％
入射角＝63° 9.52％ 18.43％ 21.71％ 22.40％ 24.12％
入射角＝64° 9.61％ 20.20％ 23.46％ 24.01％ 25.98％
入射角＝65° 10.65％ 20.21％ 23.49％ 24.21％ 26.09％
入射角＝66° 12.11％ 21.00％ 24.03％ 24.74％ 26.41％
入射角＝67° 13.01％ 21.88％ 24.55％ 25.19％ 26.92％
入射角＝68° 13.88％ 22.90％ 24.70％ 25.75％ 27.03％
入射角＝69° 14.89％ 24.67％ 26.38％ 26.56％ 27.32％
入射角＝70° 15.92％ 24.92％ 26.59％ 26.71％ 27.72％
如图7所示，记录对比例1、对比例2和实施例1在P偏振光以64°的入射角时在380nm-780nm波长范围内的反射光谱，图7中的横坐标为波长(单位为纳米nm)，图7中的纵坐标为P偏振光的反射率(单位为百分比％)，曲线101为对比例1的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线，曲线102为对比例2的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线，曲线103为实施例1的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线。
从表1和图7可以看出，实施例1-3的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于对比例2的增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与对比例1的透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的10％之和，当P偏振光以60°-67°的入射角入射时，实施例1-3的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于对比例2的增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与对比例1的透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的20％之和，当P偏振光以60°-65°的入射角入射时，实施例1-3的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于对比例2的增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与对比例1的透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的30％之和，实现抬头显示图像的主像和副像至少部分叠加，从而提高投影的HUD图像的显示亮度和清晰度，增强显示效果。
在图7中，对比例1在455nm和630nm处存在对P偏振光的反射率局部最小值，实施例1与之相比，能够显著抬头显示玻璃在455nm和630nm处的反射率，使实施例1的抬头显示玻璃在455nm-630nm之间的反射光谱更加平坦，特别是使实施例1的抬头显示玻璃在530nm-550nm之间的反射率显著大于对比例1和对比例2的反射率。
实施例2-3与实施例1相比，通过采用更薄的内玻璃板，例如1.1mm透明玻璃、0.7mm透明玻璃，能够实现抬头显示图像的副像目视不可见，且进一步提高抬头显示玻璃的P偏振光的反射率，还能够采用楔形角更小的楔形中间层甚至楔形角为0的等厚中间层以进一步降低成本。
实施例3与实施例1相比，通过增加透明导电膜中的金属层数量，能够进一步提高抬头显示玻璃的P偏振光的反射率。
实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以64°的入射角进 行投影，产生投影距离分别为2.5米、10米的抬头显示图像(HUD图像)，目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影，以及可以根据ISO 9050计算可见光透过率(TL)和太阳能总透射率(TTS),将结果计入表2中。
表2：实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示图像质量
Figure PCTCN2022086958-appb-000001
从表2可以看出，实施例1-3与对比例1-2相比，在实现更高亮度的抬头显示图像的同时，还能够具有优异的隔热效果和良好的透光性，更好地满足汽车玻璃的安全性和舒适性等要求。
实施例1-3在实现更高质量的普通抬头显示(投影距离≤5米)的基础上，还能够实现增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD，投影距离≥10米)，并且实施例1-2还能够实现普通抬头显示图像与增强现实抬头显示图像良好的同步显示。
本发明按照汽车玻璃生产工艺准备实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示玻璃，其中的ZnSnOx:Mg为掺杂Mg的ZnSnOx，ZnO:Al为掺杂Al的ZnO。
实施例4
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm楔形PVB/内玻璃板(1.8mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜：2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx：Mg(30nm)/ZnO：Al(16nm)/Ag(10.5nm)/ZnO：Al(10nm)/ZnSnOx：Mg(55nm)/ZnO：Al(11nm)/Ag(11nm)/ZnO：Al(9nm)/ZnSnOx：Mg(56nm)/ZnO：Al(8nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO：Al(12nm)/TiOx(5.5nm)/ZnSnOx：Mg(19.5nm)/SiN(8nm)
楔形PVB：楔形角＝0.26mard
增反射膜：1.8mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
对比例3
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(1.8mm透明玻璃)
对比例3的透明导电膜与实施例4的透明导电膜一致，无增反射膜；
对比例4
抬头显示玻璃：外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(1.8mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
对比例4的增反射膜与实施例4的增反射膜一致，无透明导电膜；
实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以普遍使用的60°～70°为入射角进行投影，目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影；同时，每间隔1°记录实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率，将结果计入表3中。
表3：实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率
  对比例3 对比例4 实施例4
入射角＝60° 6.26％ 13.89％ 16.74％
入射角＝61° 6.84％ 14.64％ 17.28％
入射角＝62° 7.47％ 15.42％ 17.88％
入射角＝63° 8.21％ 16.33％ 18.59％
入射角＝64° 9.02％ 17.30％ 19.36％
入射角＝65° 9.95％ 18.39％ 20.43％
入射角＝66° 10.97％ 19.58％ 21.10％
入射角＝67° 12.12％ 20.81％ 22.13％
入射角＝68° 13.39％ 21.66％ 23.21％
入射角＝69° 14.56％ 22.94％ 24.46％
入射角＝70° 15.66％ 24.12％ 25.73％
从表3可以看出，实施例4的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于对比例4的增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与对比例3的透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的10％之和，当P偏振光以60°-65°的入射角入射时，实施例4的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于对比例4的增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与对比例3的透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的20％之和，实现抬头显示图像的主像和副像至少部分叠加，从而提高投影的HUD图像的显示亮度和清晰度，增强显示效果。
实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以64°的入射角进行投影，产生投影距离分别为2.5米、10米的抬头显示图像(HUD图像)，目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影，以及可以根据I SO 9050计算可见光透过率(TL)和太阳能总透射率(TTS),将结果计入表4中。
表4：实施例4和对比例3-4的抬头显示图像质量
Figure PCTCN2022086958-appb-000002
从表4可以看出，实施例4与对比例3-4相比，在实现更高亮度的抬头显示图像的同时，还能够具有优异的隔热效果和良好的透光性，更好地满足汽车玻璃的安全性和舒适性等要求。
实施例4在实现更高质量的普通抬头显示(投影距离≤5米)的基础上，还能够实现增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD，投影距离≥10米)，并且实施例4还能够实现普通抬头显示图像与增强现实抬头显示图像良好的同步显示。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜，所述外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面，所述内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面，所述第二表面和所述第三表面相对，所述中间层设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间，所述透明导电膜设置在所述第二表面或所述第三表面上，所述增反射膜设置在所述第四表面上；
    其中，所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6％，所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10％，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明导电膜包括多个介质层和金属层，所述金属层的数量不少于3，每一所述金属层设置于两个所述介质层之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述金属层的材质为银、金、铜、铝、铂金中的任意一种金属或金属合金。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述金属层的材质为银与金、铜、铝、铂金中至少一种的合金。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明导电膜上设有至少两个电极，所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接，以使所述透明导电膜发热。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明导电膜的方阻为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述增反射膜包括自所述第四表面向外依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层，其中，所述高折射率层的折射率不小于1.8，所述低折射率层的折射率不大于1.6。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，至少一个高折射率层包括两个高折射率子层，其中一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2，其中另一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层，至少一个低折射率层包括至少两个低折射率子层。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间层具有楔形截面，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率为R1，所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率为R2，所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率为R3，R3≥R2+10％*R1。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于70％的着色玻璃。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于90％的透明玻璃。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃，其特征在于，所述内玻璃板的厚度不大于1.4mm。
  17. 一种抬头显示系统，其特征在于，包括投影单元和如权利要求1至16任一项所述的抬头显示玻璃，所述投影单元用于产生P偏振光，所述P偏振光入射到所述增反射膜上，所述P偏振光的入射角为55°～75°。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，所述抬头显示玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率不小于19％。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，所述投影单元产生100％的P偏振光。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，P偏振光通过所述增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像，通过所述透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像，所述抬头显示玻璃使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80％叠加。
  21. 如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，所述投影单元通过所述抬头显示玻璃产生投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示图像和投影距离大于或等于10米的抬头显示图像。
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