CN113071165A - 抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统 - Google Patents
抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113071165A CN113071165A CN202110416008.6A CN202110416008A CN113071165A CN 113071165 A CN113071165 A CN 113071165A CN 202110416008 A CN202110416008 A CN 202110416008A CN 113071165 A CN113071165 A CN 113071165A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- head
- display
- polarized light
- glass
- transparent conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统,包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜,外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面,内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面,第二表面和第三表面相对,中间层设置在第二表面和第三表面之间,透明导电膜设置在第二表面或第三表面上,增反射膜设置在第四表面上;其中,透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6%,增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10%,抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15%,能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线,提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率,能提高HUD图像的显示清晰度,增强显示效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抬头显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的发展,汽车前挡玻璃具有抬头显示功能成为消费者选购汽车的重要考虑因素。常规的抬头显示玻璃在玻璃上涂布具有反射功能的膜层,投影单元投射的图像在该膜层反射而进入人眼。
然而,常规的抬头显示玻璃为保证透光度满足国家标准,设置的反射功能的膜层的反射率有限,使得人眼接收的图像亮度低而显得模糊不清,显示效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抬头显示玻璃和抬头显示系统,能提高抬头显示玻璃的反射率,提高图像的清晰度,增强显示效果。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供一种抬头显示玻璃,包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜,所述外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面,所述内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面,所述第二表面和所述第三表面相对,所述中间层设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间,所述透明导电膜设置在所述第二表面或所述第三表面上,所述增反射膜设置在所述第四表面上;
其中,所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6%,所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10%,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15%。
一种实施方式中,所述透明导电膜包括多个介质层和金属层,所述金属层的数量不少于3,每一所述金属层设置于两个所述介质层之间。
一种实施方式中,所述金属层的材质为银、金、铜、铝、铂金中的任意一种金属或金属合金。
一种实施方式中,所述金属层的材质为银与金、铜、铝、铂金中至少一种的合金。
一种实施方式中,所述透明导电膜上设有至少两个电极,所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接,以使所述透明导电膜发热。
一种实施方式中,所述透明导电膜的方阻为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
一种实施方式中,所述增反射膜包括自所述第四表面向外依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层,其中,所述高折射率层的折射率不小于1.8,所述低折射率层的折射率不大于1.6。
一种实施方式中,至少一个高折射率层包括两个高折射率子层,其中一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2,其中另一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3。
一种实施方式中,至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层,至少一个低折射率层包括至少两个低折射率子层。
一种实施方式中,所述中间层具有楔形截面,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。
一种实施方式中,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad。
一种实施方式中,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad。
一种实施方式中,所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率为R1,所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率为R2,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率为R3,R3≥R2+10%*R1。
一种实施方式中,所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于70%的着色玻璃。
一种实施方式中,所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于90%的透明玻璃。
一种实施方式中,所述内玻璃板的厚度不大于1.4mm。
第二方面,本发明提供一种抬头显示系统,包括投影单元和第一方面各种实施方式中任一项所述的抬头显示玻璃,所述投影单元用于产生P偏振光,所述P偏振光入射到所述增反射膜上,所述P偏振光的入射角为55°~75°。
一种实施方式中,所述抬头显示玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率不小于19%。
一种实施方式中,所述投影单元产生100%的P偏振光。
一种实施方式中,P偏振光通过所述增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像,通过所述透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像,所述抬头显示玻璃使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80%叠加。
一种实施方式中,所述投影单元通过所述抬头显示玻璃产生投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示图像和投影距离大于或等于10米的抬头显示图像。
本发明提供的抬头显示玻璃,P偏振光通过增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像,通过增反射膜的折射和透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像,使主像和副像叠加,增加进入人眼的HUD图像的P偏振光的光线。同时,透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6%,增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10%,抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15%,能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线,提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率,能提高HUD图像的显示清晰度,增强显示效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一种实施例的抬头显示系统的示意图;
图2是一种实施例的抬头显示玻璃的示意图;
图3是一种实施例的透明导电膜的示意图;
图4是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图;
图5是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图;
图6是一种实施例的增反射膜的示意图;
图7是抬头显示玻璃的反射光谱曲线图。
附图标记说明:
10-外玻璃板,11-第一表面,12-第二表面;
20-内玻璃板,21-第三表面,22-第四表面;
30-中间层;
40-透明导电膜,41a、41b、41c、41d-介质层,42a、42b、42c-金属层;
50-增反射膜,51、51a、51b-高折射率层,52、52a、52b-低折射率层,53-连接层;
60-投影单元;
100-人眼。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参考图1,本发明一种实施例的抬头显示系统包括投影单元60和本发明实施例提供的抬头显示玻璃。一种实施例中,该抬头显示玻璃安装到汽车上后,包括自车外向车内方向依次设置的外玻璃板10、透明导电膜40、中间层30、内玻璃板20和增反射膜50。投影单元60用于产生P偏振光,所述P偏振光自车内入射到所述增反射膜50上,所述P偏振光的入射角为55°~75°,所述入射角为所述P偏振光的入射方向与所述增反射膜50的表面法线之间的角度,例如通常的入射角约为64°。
具体的,投影单元60射出的第一光线A和第二光线B在增反射膜50处均发生反射和折射;第一光线A在增反射膜50处反射产生的初次反射光线A1入射到人眼100形成第一HUD图像,第一光线A在增反射膜50处折射产生的初次折射光线(未示出)进入所述抬头显示玻璃内部后再从增反射膜50出射的光线不会入射到人眼100,使得不被人眼100观察到;同时,第二光线B在增反射膜50处折射产生的初次折射光线B1经内玻璃板20和中间层30抵达透明导电膜40,初次折射光线B1在透明导电膜40反射产生的二次反射光线B2,二次反射光线B2中的至少部分经中间层30、内玻璃板20和增反射膜50入射到人眼形成第二HUD图像,初次折射光线B1在透明导电膜40折射产生的二次折射光线(未示出)经外玻璃板10出射至车外,第二光线B在增反射膜50处反射产生的初次反射光线(未示出)不会入射到人眼100,使得不被人眼100观察到;也就是说,投影单元60投射的图像通过增反射膜50的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像,通过增反射膜50的折射和透明导电膜40的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像,本发明所述的抬头显示玻璃能够使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少部分叠加,使得被人眼100观察到的主像的光线增多,从而在减弱甚至消除因副像形成的视觉重影的同时,提升主像的亮度,优选使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80%叠加,例如85%叠加,例如90%叠加,更优选100%叠加。
投影单元60产生的光为P偏振光,所述投影单元60用于输出相关文字、图像信息例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、动态导航、夜视、实景地图等到抬头显示玻璃上,从而被车内的人眼100所观察到,实现抬头显示(HUD),甚至增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD)。所述投影单元60的位置和P偏振光的入射角是可调的,以适合车内不同位置或高度的观察者。在本发明中,所述投影单元60产生的P偏振光的占比大于或等于80%,更优选大于或等于90%,甚至100%为P偏振光。
本发明实施例还提供一种汽车,包括车体和本发明实施例的抬头显示系统,抬头显示玻璃安装在车体上,投影单元60设置在车体内。
在图1中,外玻璃板10包括相背的第一表面11和第二表面12,内玻璃板20包括相背的第三表面21和第四表面22。第一表面11朝向车外,第二表面12和第三表面21相对,第四表面22朝向车内,中间层30设置在第二表面12和第三表面21之间,透明导电膜40设置在第二表面12上,增反射膜50设置在第四表面22上。
请参考图2,在另一种实施例中,与图1所示的实施例基本相同,区别在于,透明导电膜40设置在第三表面21上。
透明导电膜40和增反射膜50均为透明纳米膜,具有至少70%的可见光透过率,还具有反射P偏振光等功能。透明导电膜40和增反射膜50可以通过气相沉积的方法沉积在第二表面12、第三表面21或第四表面22上,例如通过磁控溅射工艺将透明导电膜40沉积在第二表面12或第三表面21上,通过磁控溅射工艺将增反射膜50沉积在第四表面22上。
结合图1和图2的实施例,透明导电膜40包括多个金属层,从而具有红外线反射功能,透明导电膜40具有对可见光高透过及对红外线高反射的特性,使其同时具有优异的隔热效果和良好的透光性。因此,本发明的抬头显示玻璃不仅具有抬头显示功能,还能具有隔热功能和良好的透光性。
其中,透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率不小于6%。可选的,透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率不小于9%。可选的,透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率可为6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%等。增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率不小于10%。可选的,增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率不小于14%。可选的,增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率可为10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、30%等。所述抬头显示玻璃能够使第一HUD图像与第二HUD图像至少部分叠加,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15%。可选的,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于19%。可选的,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率可为15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、26%、27%、28%、29%、30%、31%、32%、33%、34%、35%、40%等。
具体的,结合图1至图2,抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率通过将P偏振光以实际使用时的入射角(例如64°)从增反射膜50一侧入射进行测量,反射率描述了被反射光线与所有入射光线之间的比例,所述P偏振光的波长为380nm-780nm,根据波长绘制形成反射光谱,根据标准ISO9050计算P偏振光的反射率。透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率可以通过仿真或测量具有透明导电膜但没有增反射膜的对比玻璃板的反射率来确定,增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率可以通过仿真或测量具有增反射膜但没有透明导电膜的对比玻璃板的反射率来确定;透明导电膜40和增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率分别在与抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率相同的实验条件下进行确定。
本发明实施例中,P偏振光通过增反射膜50的反射形成第一HUD图像作为主像,通过增反射膜50的折射和透明导电膜40的反射形成第二HUD图像作为副像,使主像和副像叠加,增加进入人眼的HUD图像的P偏振光的光线。同时,透明导电膜40对P偏振光的反射率R1不小于6%,增反射膜50对P偏振光的反射率R2不小于10%,抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率R3≥R2+10%*R1,优选地R3≥R2+20%*R1,更优选地R3≥R2+30%*R1,甚至R3≥R2+40%*R1,在某些入射角下还能够满足R3≥R2+50%*R1,能增加进入人眼的图像的P偏振光的光线,提高了抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率,从而提高投影的HUD图像的显示亮度和清晰度,增强显示效果。
请参考图3,一种实施例中,透明导电膜40包括多个介质层和金属层,金属层的数量不少于3,每一金属层设置于两个介质层之间。
具体的,金属层的数量可以为3、4、5……。介质层的数量比金属层的数量多至少一层,即介质层的数量可以为4、5、6……。如图1和图3所示,以透明导电膜40设在外玻璃板10上为例,在外玻璃板10上依次沉积介质层41a、金属层42a、介质层41b、金属层42b、介质层41c、金属层42c和介质层41d。以金属层的材质为银为例,此种透明导电膜40的结构又可称为三银、四银、五银等。数量不少于3的金属层可以对红外线具有更佳的反射作用,起到更好的隔热效果。介质层对金属层进行保护,实现能够承受后续高温热处理或其他弯曲成型工艺,并且得到的抬头显示系统的光学性能能够满足汽车玻璃的使用标准。
请参考图2,当透明导电膜40设置在内玻璃板20的第三表面21时,透明导电膜40的结构亦可参考前述的说明,此处不再赘述。
其中,金属层的材质为(Ag)、金(Au)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铂金(Pt)中的任意一种金属或金属合金。进一步的,金属层的材质为银(Ag)与金(Au)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)、铂金(Pt)中至少一种的合金。
其中,介质层的材质选自锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、锡(Sn)、钛(Ti)、铌(Nb)、锆(Zr)、镍(Ni)、铟(In)、铝(Al)、铈(Ce)、钨(W)、钼(Mo)、锑(Sb)、铋(Bi)、硅(Si)元素的氧化物中的至少一种,和/或选自硅(Si)、铝(Al)、锆(Zr)、钇(Y)、铈(Ce)、镧(La)元素的氮化物、氮氧化物及其混合物中的至少一种。
一种实施例中,透明导电膜40上设有至少两个电极,所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接,以使透明导电膜40发热。
所述电极可以选用金属箔和/或导电银浆,所述金属箔通过粘贴等方式固定在所述透明导电膜40上,所述金属箔具体可以为金箔、银箔、铜箔或铝箔等;所述导电银浆通过印刷等方式直接在所述透明导电膜40上形成电极。电极可包括第一电极和第二电极,第一电极和第二电极分别与电源的正负极连接。第一电极和第二电极还与透明导电膜40直接电接触,使得电源的电流能够被传输至透明导电膜40中,使得透明导电膜40在实现红外线反射的隔热功能和抬头显示功能的同时,还能够实现电加热功能,满足除霜除雾的需求。优选地,透明导电膜40的方阻不大于1.2Ω/□,优选为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
请参考图1和图4,一种实施例中,增反射膜50包括自第四表面22向车内方向依次层叠的高折射率层51和低折射率层52。其中,高折射率层51的折射率不小于1.8,低折射率层52的折射率不大于1.6。通过设置高折射率层51和低折射率层52依次层叠的结构,在满足良好的透光性的同时,可以增加对P偏振光的反射率,提高主像的清晰度。
一种实施例中,请参考图5,增反射膜50的高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层,即第一高折射率子层和第二高折射率子层,第一高折射率子层比第二高折射率子层更靠近第四表面22,优选第一高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2,第二高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3,这样能进一步增加对P偏振光的反射率,还能够使增反射膜50的反射色美观。可选的,增反射膜50的低折射率层也可以包括至少两个低折射率子层。
一种实施例中,请参考图6,高折射率层和低折射率层的数量均为多个。其中,高折射率层和低折射率层的数量相同,各可分别为2、3、4层等,其折射率可参考前述说明。图6所示实施例示出了高折射率层和低折射率层各为2层的结构,即高折射率层51a、低折射率层52a、高折射率层51b、低折射率层52b依次层叠。
中间层30用于连接外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20。一种实施例中,请参考图1和图2,中间层30具有楔形截面,楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。具体的,楔形角可为0.05mrad、0.1mrad、0.15mard、0.18mrad、0.3mrad、0.4mrad、0.45mard、0.5mrad、0.55mard、0.6mrad等。可选的,楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad,实现HUD图像的投影距离(HUD图像和人眼之间的距离)至少为10米,以更好地实现增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD),甚至实现车内外的全息投影成像。可选的,楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad,以更好地实现投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示(HUD)。设置中间层30为楔形,并设置楔形角的合适范围,可使得由增反射膜50反射形成的主像和由增反射膜50折射并经透明导电膜40反射形成的副像至少部分叠加,实现抬头显示图像的增强显示,提高了抬头显示图像的亮度和清晰度。
可选的,中间层30的材质为聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、离子性中间层(SGP)或聚氨酯(PU)中的至少一种。
可选的,中间层30的材质中添加有红外线吸收剂或紫外线吸收剂。红外线吸收剂用于吸收红外线,使得抬头显示玻璃具有更好的防晒、隔热功能。紫外线吸收剂用于吸收紫外线,使得抬头显示玻璃具有隔离紫外线功能。
可选的,中间层30设有着色区(未示出),着色区的透明度小于其他区域,以用作阴影带从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰,提高驾驶安全性和舒适性。
可选的,中间层30包括层叠设置的多个子层。子层的数量不做限定,多个子层可为相同或不同的材质,从而根据需要实现各种功能。
其中,多个子层中的其中一个子层的增塑剂含量高于其他子层,从而使得中间层30具有优异的隔音功能。
一种实施例中,外玻璃板10为可见光透过率不小于70%的着色玻璃。可选的,外玻璃板10可为绿玻,可对透明导电膜40折射的P偏振光产生部分吸收,进一步提升抬头显示图像的质量。可选的,外玻璃板10也可为透明玻璃。
一种实施例中,内玻璃板20为可见光光透过率不小于90%的透明玻璃。可减少对增反射膜50折射的P偏振光的吸收,进一步提升抬头显示图像的亮度。
外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20的可见光透过率的要求,需要满足国家对于汽车前挡玻璃的可见光透过率70%以上的法规要求。而本发明通过设置上述的外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20的可见光透过率,能够满足此要求。
一种实施例中,内玻璃板20的厚度不大于1.4mm,可选的,内玻璃板20的厚度为0.3mm-1.2mm。具体的,内玻璃板20的厚度可为0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm等。在图2所示的实施例中,内玻璃板20的厚度为1.1mm,通过降低内玻璃板20的厚度,可使得主像和副像的重影偏移距离控制在人眼不可分辨的程度,此时的中间层30具有楔形截面不是必须的,可选用具有矩形截面的等厚中间层30,进一步降低成本。
可选的,请参考图1至图2,外玻璃板10和内玻璃板20可为弯曲玻璃,弯曲玻璃可以经过物理强化、化学强化或本体强化。物理强化主要是指将玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型进行处理;化学强化主要是指通过不同离子半径的离子在玻璃表面进行离子交换,使玻璃表面产生较高的表面应力,并伴随有一定的应力层深度,从而提高玻璃在力学性能方面的强度;本体强化主要是指既不需要经过物理强化、也不需要经过化学强化,原片玻璃本身就可直接配合另一片玻璃形成夹层玻璃,并且夹层玻璃的质量符合汽车夹层玻璃的使用标准,例如中国的《GB9656-2016汽车安全玻璃》等。
实施例
下面,举出一些本发明的实施例进一步说明,但本发明不限于以下实施例。
本发明以实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示系统进行说明,实施例1-3和对比例1-2的投影单元选用LED背光的TFT-LCD投影机,其能够产生至少99%的P偏振光,还包含多个反射镜,调节投影单元的位置和P偏振光的入射角使观察者能够观察到的显示图像达到最清晰。
本发明按照汽车玻璃生产工艺准备实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃,其中的ZnSnOx:Mg为掺杂Mg的ZnSnOx,ZnO:Al为掺杂Al的ZnO。
实施例1
抬头显示玻璃:外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm楔形PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜:2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(15nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al(26nm)/Ag(13nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(25nm)/Ag(11nm)/ZnO:Al(9nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(18nm)/SiN(13nm)
楔形PVB:楔形角=0.29mard
增反射膜:2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
实施例2
抬头显示玻璃:外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm楔形PVB/内玻璃板(1.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜:与实施例1一致
楔形PVB:楔形角=0.18mard
增反射膜:1.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
实施例3
抬头显示玻璃:外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(0.7mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
透明导电膜:2.1mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(16nm)/ZnO:Al(11nm)/Ag(9nm)/ZnO:Al(22nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(26nm)/ZnO:Al(27nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(24nm)/TiOx(3nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(24nm)/ZnO:Al(23nm)/Ag(12nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(14nm)/ZnO:Al(10nm)/Ag(10nm)/ZnO:Al(20nm)/TiOx(2nm)/ZnSnOx:Mg(20nm)/SiN(15nm)
等厚PVB:楔形角=0
增反射膜:0.7mm透明玻璃/ZnSnOx:Mg(38nm)/TiOx(58nm)/SiO2(96nm)
对比例1
抬头显示玻璃:外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/透明导电膜/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)
对比例1的透明导电膜与实施例1的透明导电膜一致,无增反射膜;
对比例2
抬头显示玻璃:外玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/0.76mm等厚PVB/内玻璃板(2.1mm透明玻璃)/增反射膜
对比例2的增反射膜与实施例1的增反射膜一致,无透明导电膜;
实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以普遍使用的60°~64°为入射角进行投影,目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影;同时,每间隔1°记录实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率,将结果计入表1中。
表1:实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率
对比例1 | 对比例2 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | |
入射角=60° | 9.16% | 14.32% | 19.09% | 19.88% | 21.19% |
入射角=61° | 9.22% | 15.68% | 19.47% | 20.12% | 21.88% |
入射角=62° | 9.38% | 16.95% | 20.01% | 20.72% | 22.50% |
入射角=63° | 9.52% | 18.43% | 21.71% | 22.40% | 24.12% |
入射角=64° | 9.61% | 20.20% | 23.46% | 24.01% | 25.98% |
如图7所示,记录对比例1、对比例2和实施例1在P偏振光以64°的入射角时在380nm-780nm波长范围内的反射光谱,图7中的横坐标为波长(单位为纳米nm),图7中的纵坐标为P偏振光的反射率(单位为百分比%),曲线101为对比例1的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线,曲线102为对比例2的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线,曲线103为实施例1的P偏振光的反射光谱曲线。
从表1和图7可以看出,实施例1-3的抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率大于或等于增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率与透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率的20%之和,实现抬头显示图像的主像和副像至少部分叠加,从而提高投影的HUD图像的显示亮度和清晰度,增强显示效果;
在图7中,对比例1在455nm和630nm处存在对P偏振光的反射率局部最小值,实施例1与之相比,能够显著抬头显示玻璃在455nm和630nm处的反射率,使实施例1的抬头显示玻璃在455nm-630nm之间的反射光谱更加平坦,特别是使实施例1的抬头显示玻璃在530nm-550nm之间的反射率显著大于对比例1和对比例2的反射率。
实施例2-3与实施例1相比,通过采用更薄的内玻璃板,例如1.1mm透明玻璃、0.7mm透明玻璃,能够实现抬头显示图像的副像目视不可见,且进一步提高抬头显示玻璃的P偏振光的反射率,还能够采用楔形角更小的楔形中间层甚至楔形角为0的等厚中间层以进一步降低成本。
实施例3与实施例1相比,通过增加透明导电膜中的金属层数量,能够进一步提高抬头显示玻璃的P偏振光的反射率。
实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示系统将投影单元产生的P偏振光以64°的入射角进行投影,产生投影距离分别为2.5米、10米的抬头显示图像(HUD图像),目视观察HUD图像是否清晰且无重影,以及可以根据ISO 9050计算可见光透过率(TL)和太阳能总透射率(TTS),将结果计入表2中。
表2:实施例1-3和对比例1-2的抬头显示图像质量
从表2可以看出,实施例1-3与对比例1-2相比,在实现更高亮度的抬头显示图像的同时,还能够具有优异的隔热效果和良好的透光性,更好地满足汽车玻璃的安全性和舒适性等要求。
实施例1-3在实现更高质量的普通抬头显示(投影距离≤5米)的基础上,还能够实现增强现实抬头显示(AR-HUD,投影距离≥10米),并且实施例1-2还能够实现普通抬头显示图像与增强现实抬头显示图像良好的同步显示。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明一种较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程,并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (21)
1.一种抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板、中间层、透明导电膜和增反射膜,所述外玻璃板包括相背的第一表面和第二表面,所述内玻璃板包括相背的第三表面和第四表面,所述第二表面和所述第三表面相对,所述中间层设置在所述第二表面和所述第三表面之间,所述透明导电膜设置在所述第二表面或所述第三表面上,所述增反射膜设置在所述第四表面上;
其中,所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于6%,所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率不小于10%,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率不小于15%。
2.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述透明导电膜包括多个介质层和金属层,所述金属层的数量不少于3,每一所述金属层设置于两个所述介质层之间。
3.如权利要求2所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述金属层的材质为银、金、铜、铝、铂金中的任意一种金属或金属合金。
4.如权利要求2所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述金属层的材质为银与金、铜、铝、铂金中至少一种的合金。
5.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述透明导电膜上设有至少两个电极,所述至少两个电极用于与电压为12V-60V的电源电连接,以使所述透明导电膜发热。
6.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述透明导电膜的方阻为0.5Ω/□-0.9Ω/□。
7.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述增反射膜包括自所述第四表面向外依次层叠的高折射率层和低折射率层,其中,所述高折射率层的折射率不小于1.8,所述低折射率层的折射率不大于1.6。
8.如权利要求7所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,至少一个高折射率层包括两个高折射率子层,其中一个高折射率子层的折射率为1.9-2.2,其中另一个高折射率子层的折射率大于或等于2.3。
9.如权利要求7所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,至少一个高折射率层包括至少两个高折射率子层,至少一个低折射率层包括至少两个低折射率子层。
10.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述中间层具有楔形截面,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.05mrad-0.6mrad。
11.如权利要求10所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.1mrad-0.18mrad。
12.如权利要求10所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述楔形截面的楔形角为0.45mrad-0.55mrad。
13.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述透明导电膜对P偏振光的反射率为R1,所述增反射膜对P偏振光的反射率为R2,所述抬头显示玻璃对P偏振光的反射率为R3,R3≥R2+10%*R1。
14.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述外玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于70%的着色玻璃。
15.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述内玻璃板为可见光透过率不小于90%的透明玻璃。
16.如权利要求1所述的抬头显示玻璃,其特征在于,所述内玻璃板的厚度不大于1.4mm。
17.一种抬头显示系统,其特征在于,包括投影单元和如权利要求1至16任一项所述的抬头显示玻璃,所述投影单元用于产生P偏振光,所述P偏振光入射到所述增反射膜上,所述P偏振光的入射角为55°~75°。
18.如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统,其特征在于,所述抬头显示玻璃对所述P偏振光的反射率不小于19%。
19.如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统,其特征在于,所述投影单元产生100%的P偏振光。
20.如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统,其特征在于,P偏振光通过所述增反射膜的反射形成第一HUD图像,通过所述透明导电膜的反射形成第二HUD图像,所述抬头显示玻璃使所述第一HUD图像与所述第二HUD图像至少80%叠加。
21.如权利要求17所述的抬头显示系统,其特征在于,所述投影单元通过所述抬头显示玻璃产生投影距离不大于5米的抬头显示图像和投影距离大于或等于10米的抬头显示图像。
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