WO2022206804A1 - 电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆 - Google Patents

电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022206804A1
WO2022206804A1 PCT/CN2022/083937 CN2022083937W WO2022206804A1 WO 2022206804 A1 WO2022206804 A1 WO 2022206804A1 CN 2022083937 W CN2022083937 W CN 2022083937W WO 2022206804 A1 WO2022206804 A1 WO 2022206804A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
flow channel
liquid
heat exchange
flow path
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/083937
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廉玉波
凌和平
翟震
赵林林
刘琳娜
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023539943A priority Critical patent/JP2024510868A/ja
Priority to EP22778986.4A priority patent/EP4254744A1/en
Priority to AU2022248319A priority patent/AU2022248319A1/en
Priority to KR1020237021631A priority patent/KR20230110350A/ko
Priority to BR112023016786A priority patent/BR112023016786A2/pt
Publication of WO2022206804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022206804A1/zh
Priority to US18/215,719 priority patent/US20230344313A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/193—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil with provision for replenishing the cooling medium; with means for preventing leakage of the cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/0421—Guidance of lubricant on or within the casing, e.g. shields or baffles for collecting lubricant, tubes, pipes, grooves, channels or the like
    • F16H57/0424—Lubricant guiding means in the wall of or integrated with the casing, e.g. grooves, channels, holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F16H57/0435—Pressure control for supplying lubricant; Circuits or valves therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0476—Electric machines and gearing, i.e. joint lubrication or cooling or heating thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/006—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2209/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to systems for cooling or ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motor cooling, and in particular, to a motor system and a vehicle having the motor system.
  • the existing oil-cooled motor uses two flow paths to cool the motor. Specifically, before the main flow path enters the gearbox, a part of the cooling liquid is branched to the motor housing, and the stator is cooled through the liquid hole on the motor housing. The end is cooled; the other part of the coolant enters the gearbox. After the gearbox oil comes out of the gearbox shaft, it passes through the flow path on the rotor support, and the rotation of the rotor drives the oil delivery, so that the oil is completely delivered to the end of the stator. , to achieve the purpose of cooling the motor. However, in this way, the energy consumption of the rotor is relatively large, which will reduce the efficiency of the motor.
  • the present application aims to solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems in the prior art at least to a certain extent. To this end, the present application proposes a motor system, which can reduce rotor energy consumption and improve motor efficiency.
  • the present application also proposes a vehicle having the above electric motor system.
  • the motor system includes: a motor, the motor includes: a motor housing, a stator iron core, a stator winding, and a rotor iron core, the stator iron core is installed in the motor housing, and the stator The winding is wound on the stator iron core, the rotor iron core is rotatably arranged relative to the stator iron core, the rotor flow path is formed at least in the rotor iron core, and the rotor flow path is suitable for all directions.
  • the stator windings deliver cooling liquid; and the valve is used to control the flow rate of the rotor flow path.
  • the flow rate of the rotor flow path can be adjusted by opening and closing the valve, so that when the rotor flow path is required to cool the motor, the valve is opened to ensure that the flow rate in the rotor flow path is not zero;
  • the valve is closed to ensure that the flow in the rotor flow path is adjusted to zero, thereby reducing the energy consumption when the rotor rotates, that is, reducing the energy consumption of the motor, thereby optimizing the efficiency of the motor.
  • the valve is provided on the motor, and the valve is provided on the rotor flow path.
  • the motor system further includes: a transmission, the transmission is provided at one end of the motor, the transmission has a transmission flow channel inside, and the transmission flow channel includes a first branch flow channel, the The valve is arranged on the first branch flow channel, the valve liquid inlet hole of the valve is connected with the first branch flow channel, the valve liquid outlet hole of the valve is connected with the rotor flow path, and the valve liquid outlet The hole is selectively communicated with the liquid inlet hole of the valve.
  • the transmission includes: a transmission housing, a transmission main shaft and a transmission bearing, the inner ring of the transmission bearing is mounted on the transmission main shaft, the outer ring of the transmission bearing is mounted on the transmission housing, the A second branch flow channel communicated with the transmission bearing is opened in the transmission.
  • the second branch flow channel is located upstream of the first branch flow channel.
  • the motor further includes: a magnetic isolation plate and a rotating shaft, the magnetic isolation plate is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the valve liquid outlet hole communicates with the rotating shaft flow channel inside the rotating shaft,
  • the rotating shaft is also provided with a rotating shaft liquid hole communicating with the rotating shaft flow channel, the magnetic isolation plate has a magnetic isolation plate flow channel, and the magnetic isolation plate flow channel guides the cooling liquid at the rotating shaft liquid hole to the stator winding.
  • the magnetic isolation plate flow channel includes: a magnetic isolation plate first flow channel and a magnetic isolation plate second flow channel, the magnetic isolation plate first flow channel is suitable for communicating with the rotating shaft flow channel, and the rotor iron There is a rotor flow channel inside the core, the rotor flow channel is communicated with the first flow channel of the magnetic isolation plate, an opening of one end of the second flow channel of the magnetic isolation plate is communicated with the rotor flow channel, and the magnetic isolation plate second flow channel is connected with the rotor flow channel.
  • the other end of the flow channel opens toward the stator winding, and the rotor flow channel at least includes: the shaft flow channel, the first flow channel of the magnetic isolation plate, the rotor flow channel, and the second flow channel of the magnetic isolation plate road.
  • the valve when the motor works at a low load or a low speed, the valve is closed; when the motor works at a large load or at a high speed, the valve is opened intermittently.
  • the electric machine has a stator flow path therein, and the stator flow path is adapted to deliver cooling liquid to the stator winding.
  • the inner surface of the motor casing is recessed and cooperates with the stator iron core to form a casing flow channel.
  • the inner surface of the motor casing is provided with a liquid injection hole, the liquid injection hole is communicated with the casing flow channel, and the cooling liquid of the casing flow channel is transported to the casing through the liquid injection hole.
  • the stator flow path at least includes the casing flow channel and the liquid injection hole.
  • the motor further includes: a motor end cover, the motor end cover is provided at one end of the motor housing, and the motor system further includes: a transmission, the transmission is provided at a distance away from the motor one end of the motor end cover; a first end flow channel is formed between the motor housing and the motor end cover, a second end flow channel is formed between the motor housing and the transmission, the The first end flow channel and the second end flow channel are both communicated with the casing flow channel, and are also communicated with the liquid spray hole, and the stator flow channel further includes the first end flow channel, the The second end runner.
  • the motor further includes: a motor end cover, the motor end cover is provided at one end of the motor housing, a wiring board is provided on the motor end cover, and the wiring board is A terminal is provided, and the terminal board has a liquid inlet hole of the terminal board, a liquid outlet hole of the terminal board, and a terminal board flow channel connecting the liquid inlet hole of the terminal board and the liquid outlet hole of the terminal board, and the liquid inlet hole of the terminal board is provided.
  • a hole communicates with the stator flow path to cool the terminal.
  • the motor system further includes: a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device communicates with the stator flow path and the rotor flow path to communicate with the stator flow path and the rotor flow path The coolant in the road exchanges heat.
  • the motor housing is provided with a motor liquid inlet hole, a heat exchange liquid inlet hole, and a heat exchange liquid outlet hole, and the heat exchange liquid inlet hole and the heat exchange liquid outlet hole are all connected with the heat exchange liquid inlet hole.
  • the motor system further includes: a liquid pump, the liquid pump pumps the cooling liquid from the motor liquid inlet hole to the heat exchange liquid inlet hole, and the cooling liquid is heat-exchanged in the heat exchange device after the heat exchange device. , and then reach the heat exchange outlet hole;
  • the motor housing has a first liquid outlet hole communicating with the heat exchange liquid outlet hole and a second liquid outlet hole communicating with the heat exchange liquid outlet hole, and the first liquid outlet hole is connected to the stator.
  • the flow path is in communication, and the second liquid outlet hole is in communication with the rotor flow path.
  • the motor housing is provided with a motor water inlet, a motor water outlet, a heat exchange water inlet and a heat exchange water outlet, and the motor water inlet is adapted to communicate with the heat exchange water inlet , the motor water outlet is suitable for communicating with the heat exchange water outlet, the heat exchange device has a heat exchange channel connected with the heat exchange water inlet and the heat exchange water outlet, the motor water inlet, The motor water outlet is also communicated with the external cooling circuit.
  • a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned motor system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic appearance diagram of a motor system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is an assembly sectional view of the transmission and the motor
  • FIG. 3 is an assembled cross-sectional view of the transmission end cover and the motor housing
  • Fig. 4 is another assembled cross-sectional view of the transmission end cover and the motor housing
  • Fig. 5 is the assembly sectional view of the transmission end cover, the housing body and the motor housing;
  • Fig. 6 is the assembly sectional view of the transmission end cover, the housing body, the valve and the motor;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of one direction of the motor housing
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the motor housing in another direction
  • Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the motor end cover
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the wiring board on the motor end cover
  • Figure 11 is a half-section schematic diagram of the terminal board and the motor end cover
  • Figure 12 is a partial schematic view of a wiring board
  • Fig. 13 is the assembly schematic diagram of the transmission end cover and the housing body
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the housing body
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the coolant flow path in the motor system
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 100 motor system 10, electronic control assembly 1, motor 2, motor end cap 21, end cap first flow channel 2101, end cap second flow channel 2102, end cap third flow channel 2103, bottom liquid hole 2104, overflow Channel 2105, motor housing 22, motor water inlet 2201, heat exchange water inlet 2202, heat exchange water outlet 2203, motor liquid inlet hole 2204, heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205, heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206, second liquid outlet Hole 2207, housing flow channel 2208, liquid injection hole 2209, return channel 2210, motor water outlet 2211, first liquid outlet hole 2213, first end flow channel 2214, second end flow channel 2215, stator core 23, stator Winding 24, magnetic isolation plate 25, magnetic isolation plate first flow channel 2501, magnetic isolation plate second flow channel 2502, rotor core 26, rotor flow channel 2601, rotating shaft 27, rotating shaft flow channel 2701, rotating shaft liquid hole 2702, motor Bearing 28, terminal board 29, terminal board liquid inlet hole 2901, terminal board liquid outlet hole 2902, heat exchange device 3, liquid pump 4, transmission 5, transmission end cover 51, liquid hole 5101,
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless expressly and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection It can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • installation e.g., it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection
  • it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the motor system 10 may include: an electronic control assembly 1 , a motor 2 , and a valve 6 .
  • the electronic control assembly 1 is installed on the upper part of the motor 2 . 2 and 6, the motor 2 may include: a motor housing 22, a stator core 23, a stator winding 24, a rotor core 26, and a rotating shaft 27.
  • the stator core 23 is installed in the motor housing 22,
  • the stator windings 24 are wound on the stator iron core 23.
  • the stator windings 24 are embedded in the tooth slots of the stator iron core 23 to form a stator assembly.
  • the stator assembly is installed in the motor housing 22, and the rotor iron core 26 is opposite to the stator.
  • the iron core 23 is rotatably arranged, the rotor iron core 26 is installed on the rotating shaft 27, the rotor flow path is formed at least in the rotor iron core 26, and the rotor flow path is suitable for delivering cooling liquid to the stator winding 24 to cool the stator winding 24. .
  • the rotor flow path is also used to deliver coolant to the rotor core 26 to cool the rotor core 26 and other rotor components.
  • Valve 6 is used to control the flow of the rotor flow path. Specifically, when the valve 6 is opened, the flow rate in the rotor flow path is not zero. At this time, the rotor flow path can deliver cooling liquid to the stator winding 24 to cool the stator winding 24; when the valve 6 is closed, the flow rate in the rotor flow path is not zero. At this time, the rotor flow path cannot deliver cooling liquid to the stator windings 24 to cool the stator windings 24 .
  • the opening angle of the valve 6 can be positively correlated with the flow rate of the rotor flow path.
  • the opening angle of the valve 6 may be proportional to the flow rate of the rotor flow path.
  • the flow rate of the rotor flow path can be adjusted by opening and closing the valve 6, so that when the rotor flow path is required to cool the motor 2, the valve 6 is opened to ensure that the flow rate in the rotor flow path is not zero ;
  • the valve 6 is closed to ensure that the flow in the rotor flow path is adjusted to zero, thereby reducing the energy consumption when the rotor rotates, that is, reducing the energy consumption of the motor 2, thereby optimizing the motor 2 efficiency.
  • valve 6 is provided on the motor 2, and the valve 6 is provided on the rotor flow path.
  • the motor system 10 may further include: a transmission 5 , and the transmission 5 is provided at one end of the motor 2 .
  • the motor 2 may further include: a motor end cover 21 , and the motor end cover 21 is provided at the end of the motor housing 22 .
  • the transmission 5 is provided at the end of the motor 2 away from the motor end cover 21 .
  • the valve 6 is arranged on the transmission 5 , and at this time, the coolant in the rotor flow path enters from the input shaft in the transmission 5 coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 27 .
  • the valve 6 can also be provided on the motor 2, and at this time, the coolant in the rotor flow path enters from the end of the rotating shaft 27 away from the transmission 5.
  • the transmission 5 may be a speed reducer.
  • the inside of the transmission 5 has a first branch flow channel 5203
  • the cooling liquid of the motor housing 22 flows to the first branch flow channel 5203
  • the valve 6 is arranged on the first branch flow channel 5203
  • the valve of the valve 6 enters the first branch flow channel 5203.
  • the liquid hole 601 is in communication with the first branch flow channel 5203
  • the valve liquid outlet hole 602 of the valve 6 is in communication with the rotor flow path
  • the valve liquid outlet hole 602 is selectively connected with the valve liquid inlet hole 601 .
  • the transmission 5 may include: a transmission housing, a transmission main shaft 53 and a transmission bearing 54 , the transmission main shaft 53 is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 27 , the inner ring of the transmission bearing 54 is mounted on the transmission main shaft 53 , and the transmission The outer ring of the bearing 54 is mounted on the transmission housing.
  • the inner ring of the transmission bearing 54 can be mounted on the transmission main shaft 53 by an interference fit, and the outer ring of the transmission bearing 54 can be mounted in the transmission housing by an interference fit.
  • the body is provided with a transmission flow channel, the transmission flow channel has a second branch flow channel 5202 communicating with the transmission bearing 54 , and the cooling liquid of the motor housing 22 flows to the second branch flow channel 5202 .
  • the transmission casing may include: a casing body 52 and a transmission end cover 51 , the transmission end cover 51 is mounted on the end of the casing body 52 , and the outer ring of the transmission bearing 54 is fixed to the casing body 52 , for example, the outer ring of the transmission bearing 54 is fixed to the casing body 52 .
  • the ring is mounted on the housing body 52 by means of interference fit.
  • the end cover bearing 55 is arranged at the other end of the motor housing 22 , the inner ring of the end cover bearing 55 can be installed on the rotating shaft 27 through an interference fit, and the outer ring of the end cover bearing 55 can be installed on the transmission end cover 51 through an interference fit Inside, the end cover bearing 55 can be used to support the rotating shaft 27 to ensure the stability of the rotating shaft 27 when it rotates.
  • the transmission 5 has a liquid hole 5101, a first flow path 5102, and a second flow path 5103.
  • the liquid hole 5101 communicates with the first flow path 5102, the first flow path 5102 communicates with the second flow path 5103, and the liquid
  • the hole 5101 leads the cooling liquid at the bottom of the transmission 5 to the first flow path 5102, and then leads the cooling liquid from the first flow path 5102 to the second flow path 5103 through the inner flow path.
  • the liquid hole 5101 , the first flow path 5102 and the second flow path 5103 are all opened on the transmission end cover 51 .
  • the transmission end cover 51 is also provided with a first liquid hole 5104 of the end cover, and the coolant in the first liquid hole 5104 of the end cover is led to the first liquid hole 5104 of the end cover through the internal flow path of the transmission end cover 51 .
  • the casing body 52 is provided with a casing liquid hole 5201 , and the second liquid hole 5106 of the end cover communicates with the casing liquid hole 5201 (for example, can be arranged opposite to each other), so that the cooling liquid in the second liquid hole 5106 of the end cover flows to the casing liquid hole 5201 .
  • a part of the cooling liquid of the casing liquid hole 5201 flows to the transmission bearing 54 through the second branch flow channel 5202 , and the other part flows to the valve inlet hole 601 through the first branch flow channel 5203 .
  • the oil on the side of the transmission end cover 51 will flow from the second liquid hole 5106 of the end cover to the bottom of the gearbox due to the effect of gravity, and complete the oil return.
  • the second branch flow channel 5202 is located upstream of the first branch flow channel 5203 . That is to say, the coolant first passes through the second branch flow passage 5202 and then passes through the first branch flow passage 5203 , so that even if the valve 6 is closed, the lubrication of the transmission bearing 54 will not be affected.
  • the motor 2 may further include: a magnetic isolation plate 25 and a motor bearing 28 , the magnetic isolation plate 25 is mounted on the rotating shaft 27 , the inner ring of the motor bearing 28 is mounted on the rotating shaft 27 , and the outer ring of the motor bearing 28 is mounted on the rotating shaft 27 .
  • the ring is installed on the motor end cover 21.
  • the inner ring of the motor bearing 28 can be installed on the rotating shaft 27 through an interference fit
  • the outer ring of the motor bearing 28 can be installed in the motor end cover 21 through an interference fit.
  • the motor bearing 28 supports The rotating shaft 27, and the motor bearing 28 can improve the stability of the rotating shaft 27 when it rotates.
  • Both ends of the rotor core 26 are provided with magnetic isolation plates 25 , which have a magnetic isolation function and can be used to adjust the dynamic balance of the rotor assembly of the motor 2 (including at least the rotor core 26 ).
  • the motor 2 has a stator flow path, and the stator flow path is suitable for delivering cooling liquid to the stator windings 24 to cool the stator windings 24 .
  • the motor end cover 21 has an end cover oil cavity, and the end cover oil cavity is communicated with the stator flow path.
  • the bottom of the motor housing 22 has a return channel 2210, and the oil in the stator flow path returns through the end cover oil cavity and returns Lane 2210 returns to transmission 5 .
  • the bottom of the motor end cover 21 has a bottom liquid hole 2104, the bottom liquid hole 2104 is located below the oil cavity of the end cover, and the bottom liquid hole 2104 communicates with the return channel 2210.
  • the cooling liquid on the side of the motor end cover 21 is cooled After the lubricating task, it flows to the bottom through the action of gravity, flows to the return channel 2210 through the bottom liquid hole 2104, and then returns to the bottom of the transmission 5 through the return channel.
  • the motor bearing 28 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 27 facing the motor end cover 21 , as shown in FIG.
  • the oil cavity of the end cover includes a second flow channel 2102 of the end cover and a third flow channel 2103 of the end cover.
  • the second flow channel 2102 of the end cover communicates with the end of the stator assembly (for example, it can be directly opposite to the end cover).
  • the motor end cover 21 is also provided with an overflow channel 2105 , and the excess coolant after lubricating the motor bearing 28 flows out from the overflow channel 2105 .
  • the inner surface of the outer ring in other words, the height of the overflow channel 2105 is slightly larger than the thickness of the outer ring of the motor bearing 28, so that the oil surface will flow out through the overflow channel 2105 after it is higher than the inner surface of the outer ring of the motor bearing 28, so that, This not only ensures the lubrication of the motor bearing 28, but also prevents excessive cooling liquid at the motor bearing 28, taking into account the efficiency.
  • the motor end cover 21 is fixedly provided with a terminal block 29, the terminal block 29 has a terminal block liquid inlet hole 2901, a terminal block liquid outlet hole 2902 and a connection
  • the terminal board flow channel of the liquid hole 2902, the terminal board liquid inlet hole 2901 is connected with the stator flow path, and the terminal board liquid inlet hole 2901 is connected with the stator flow path through the end cover oil cavity.
  • the oil cavity of the end cover also includes: the first flow channel 2101 of the end cover, the cooling liquid of the first flow channel 2101 of the end cover is drawn out through the stator flow channel, the liquid inlet hole 2901 of the terminal board is opposite to the first flow channel 2101 of the end cover, and the The cooling liquid covering the first flow channel 2101 flows through the flow channel of the terminal board through the cooling liquid in the liquid inlet hole 2901 of the terminal board, and then flows out from the liquid outlet hole 2902 of the terminal board, which is used to cool the terminal fixed on the terminal board 29, and solve the problem of large
  • the problem of overheating of the terminal under the current condition eliminates the short board and improves the overall power density of the motor 2.
  • stator flow path can simultaneously cool the stator iron core 23 , the stator winding 24 , the connection terminals and the motor bearing 28 .
  • the stator flow path is arranged on the motor housing 22 and can effectively contact the stator iron core 23 to cool the stator iron core 23, and then the motor housing 22 can also be effectively sealed with the motor end cover 21 (in this way The number of parts can be reduced, which is beneficial to improve the NVH performance of the motor system 10), as well as lubricate the motor bearings 28 and cool the terminals through the end cover oil cavity.
  • the inner surface of the motor housing 22 is recessed and cooperates with the stator core 23 to form a housing flow channel 2208.
  • the inner surface of the motor housing 22 is provided with a liquid spray hole 2209.
  • the inner surfaces of both ends of the motor housing 22 are provided with liquid injection holes 2209, the casing flow channel 2208 is communicated with the first liquid outlet hole 2213, the liquid injection hole 2209 is communicated with the casing flow channel 2208, and the first outlet
  • the cooling liquid in the liquid hole 2213 is delivered to the stator winding 24 through the casing flow channel 2208 and the liquid spray hole 2209 , and can be delivered to the end of the stator winding 24 to cool the stator winding 24 .
  • the stator flow path includes at least a casing flow path 2208 and a liquid injection hole 2209 .
  • the liquid injection hole 2209 and the casing flow channel 2208 may be directly communicated, or indirectly communicated through other flow channel structures (eg, the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215 described below).
  • the casing flow passage 2208 is a sealed flow passage formed after the flow passage on the inner surface of the motor casing 22 and the stator iron core 23 are matched.
  • the casing flow passage 2208 is in direct contact with the stator iron core 23, which is beneficial to reduce heat resistance, improve heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the housing flow channel 2208 may be composed of a circumferential flow channel and a plurality of axially parallel flow channels, wherein the multiple axially parallel flow channels are all communicated with the circumferential flow channel.
  • a first end flow channel 2214 is formed between the motor housing 22 and the motor end cover 21 and the transmission 5 (a sealing ring is optionally used)
  • a second end flow channel 2215 is formed between the motor housing 22 and the transmission 5.
  • the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215 are both communicated with the housing flow channel 2208 and are also communicated with the liquid injection hole 2209, in other words , the casing flow channel 2208 is only communicated with the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215, while the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215 are communicated with the liquid injection hole 2209.
  • the shell flow channel 2208 and The liquid injection holes 2209 are indirectly connected through 2214 and 2215 .
  • the cooling liquid of the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215 is delivered to the end of the stator winding 24 through the liquid injection hole 2209 to cool the stator winding 24 .
  • the stator flow path further includes a first end flow channel 2214 and a second end flow channel 2215 .
  • the casing flow channel 2208 can also communicate with the liquid injection hole 2209 through the first end flow channel 2214 and the second end flow channel 2215 .
  • the valve liquid outlet 602 of the valve 6 communicates with the main shaft flow channel 5301 inside the transmission main shaft 53 , and the main shaft flow channel 5301 communicates with the rotating shaft flow channel 2701 inside the rotating shaft 27 .
  • the rotating shaft 27 is also provided with a The rotating shaft liquid hole 2702 communicated with the rotating shaft flow channel 2701 , the magnetic isolation plate 25 has a magnetic isolation plate flow channel, and the magnetic isolation plate flow channel guides the oil in the rotating shaft liquid hole 2702 to the stator winding 24 .
  • the magnetic isolation plate flow channel may include: a magnetic isolation plate first flow channel 2501 and a magnetic isolation plate second flow channel 2502, the magnetic isolation plate first flow channel 2501 is adapted to communicate with the rotating shaft flow channel 2701, and the rotor core 26 is inside There is a rotor flow channel 2601, the rotor flow channel 2601 is connected with the first flow channel 2501 of the magnetic isolation plate, one end opening of the second flow channel 2502 of the magnetic isolation plate is connected with the rotor flow channel 2601, and the other end of the second flow channel 2502 of the magnetic isolation plate is open Facing the stator winding 24 , the rotor flow path includes at least: a shaft flow channel 2701 , a first flow channel 2501 of the magnetic isolation plate, a rotor flow channel 2601 , and a second flow channel 2502 of the magnetic isolation plate.
  • the first branch flow channel 5203 communicates with the rotor flow channel.
  • the rotor flow path flows through the rotor iron core 26 , which can cool the rot
  • the cooling liquid of the first branch flow channel 5203 flows from the valve liquid inlet hole 601 to the valve liquid outlet hole 602, and then from the valve liquid outlet hole 602 flows to the main shaft flow channel 5301, then flows to the rotating shaft flow channel 2701, flows into the first flow channel 2501 of the magnetic isolation plate through the rotating shaft liquid hole 2702, then flows to the rotor flow channel 2601, and finally passes through the second magnetic isolation plate flow channel 2502 delivered to the ends of the stator windings 24 to cool the stator windings 24 .
  • the rotor core 26 may or may not be provided with a rotor flow channel 2601.
  • valve liquid outlet hole 602 is intermittently connected with the valve liquid inlet hole 601, that is to say, the valve 6 is intermittently opened, and when the valve liquid outlet hole 602 is communicated with the valve liquid inlet hole 601, the accumulation of the motor 2 can be taken away quickly. heat to cool motor 2.
  • the motor system 10 may further include a heat exchange device 3, the heat exchange device 3 is installed on the side of the motor 2, and the heat exchange device 3 communicates with the stator flow path and the rotor flow path to exchange the cooling liquid in the stator flow path and the rotor flow path. hot.
  • the heat exchange device 3 has a cooling liquid, and the temperature of the cooling liquid is lowered after heat exchange with the cooling liquid, so that the stator winding 24 can be effectively cooled when the cooling liquid is delivered to the stator winding 24 .
  • the cooling liquid enters the stator flow path and the rotor flow path after heat exchange by the heat exchange device 3 , so as to enhance the cooling effect of the cooling liquid on the stator winding 24 .
  • the motor housing 22 is provided with a motor liquid inlet hole 2204, a heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205, and a heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206.
  • the motor liquid inlet hole 2204 communicates with the heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205.
  • the heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205 and the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206 are all communicated with the heat exchange device 3, and the motor system 10 may also include: a liquid pump 4, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquid pump 4 is installed on the right side of the transmission 5, Moreover, the liquid pump 4 is located near the heat exchange device 3, and the valve 6 is installed on the left side of the transmission 5, so that the distribution of the liquid pump 4 and the valve 6 is reasonable, and the space on both sides of the transmission is fully utilized.
  • the liquid pump 4 is used to pump the cooling liquid of the transmission 5 from the motor liquid inlet hole 2204 to the heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205 , and the cooling liquid reaches the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206 after heat exchange in the heat exchange device 3 .
  • the second flow path 5103 of the transmission 5 is in communication with the motor liquid inlet hole 2204 (for example, it can be arranged oppositely), and the coolant reaches the motor liquid inlet hole 2204 through the second flow path 5103, and then flows through the internal flow path of the motor housing 22 to the converter.
  • the hot liquid inlet hole 2205 flows into the heat exchange device 3 from the heat exchange liquid inlet hole 2205 . After the cooling liquid exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the heat exchange device 3 , the cooled cooling liquid flows to the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206 .
  • the motor housing 22 has a first liquid outlet hole 2213 that communicates with the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206 and a second liquid outlet hole 2207 that communicates with the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206.
  • the first liquid outlet hole 2213 communicates with the stator flow path.
  • the second liquid outlet hole 2207 communicates with the rotor flow path. That is to say, after the cooling liquid cooled in the heat exchange device 3 flows to the heat exchange liquid outlet hole 2206, it is divided into two paths inside the motor housing 22, one is the stator flow path, the other is the rotor flow path, and the valve is divided into two paths. 6 is arranged on the rotor flow path.
  • the transmission 5 has a transmission flow channel, and the coolant from the second liquid outlet hole 2207 flows to the transmission flow channel.
  • the motor housing 22 is provided with a motor water inlet 2201, a motor water outlet 2211, a heat exchange water inlet 2202 and a heat exchange water outlet 2203, and the motor water inlet 2201 is adapted to communicate with the heat exchange water inlet 2202,
  • the motor water outlet 2211 is adapted to communicate with the heat exchange water outlet 2203.
  • the heat exchange device 3 has a heat exchange channel connected to the heat exchange water inlet 2202 and the heat exchange water outlet 2203.
  • the motor water inlet 2201 and the motor water outlet 2211 are also connected to the outside.
  • the cooling circuit is connected.
  • the motor water inlet 2201 is connected with the water outlet of the electronic control assembly 1 through a pipe
  • the motor housing 22 is connected with the heat exchange water inlet 2202 by punching holes
  • the cooling liquid passes through the electronic control assembly. 1.
  • the motor water inlet 2201 and the heat exchange water inlet 2202 enter the heat exchange device 3, then flow into the heat exchange water outlet 2203, and then flow to the motor water outlet 2211 through the inner water channel of the motor housing 22, and then flow to the external cooling circuit.
  • the cooling liquid inside the heat exchange device 3 can exchange heat with the cooling liquid, thereby rapidly cooling the cooling liquid.
  • the coolant flow path in the motor system 10 is shown with reference to FIG. 15 .
  • the cooling liquid at the bottom of the transmission 5 is cooled by the heat exchange device 3, and part of it enters the stator flow path, and the cooling liquid in the stator flow path can cool the stator winding 24, the motor bearing 28, and the terminal board 29.
  • the valve 6 When the valve 6 is opened, another part of the cooling liquid cooled by the heat exchange device 3 can enter the rotor flow path, cool the rotor assembly, and then transport it to the end of the stator winding 24. After cooling the stator winding 24, it passes through the bottom of the motor 2.
  • the return passage 2210 returns to the transmission 5 .
  • the motor 2 works as the inductance booster of the battery pack, and the ripple current in the winding is affected by the voltage difference between the charging cabinet and the battery pack.
  • the voltage difference is greater than a certain threshold
  • the valve 6 is opened, that is to say, the heat of the motor 2 is harmful at this time, and the cooling of the motor 2 needs to be increased.
  • a constant direct current is passed into the winding of the motor 2 to generate heat in the stator winding 24 of the motor 2 when parked, since there is no alternating current, it is not necessary to open the rotor flow path.
  • valve 6 is closed, that is to say, the reduction of The amount of coolant in the rotor flow path is reduced, thereby reducing the energy consumption when the rotor rotates, that is, reducing the energy consumption of the motor 2 to improve the efficiency of the motor 2 .
  • the valve 6 When the motor 2 works to drive the vehicle to run, if the motor 2 works at a low load/low speed, the valve 6 is closed, and the power of the liquid pump 4 is adjusted according to the winding temperature. If the motor 2 works with a large load/high speed, the power of the liquid pump 4 is adjusted according to the winding temperature, and the valve 6 is opened intermittently. For example, it can work for 1 minute every 10 minutes. , turn it on for 1 minute to cool the motor 2 and prevent it from working at high load and high speed during the 10-minute interval. Optionally, the opening time of the valve 6 can be set according to user requirements.
  • a low load is a load with a torque less than 50 N ⁇ M
  • a high load is a load with a torque greater than or equal to 50 N ⁇ M.
  • Low speed means that the speed is less than 3000 rpm
  • high speed means that the speed is greater than or equal to 3000 rpm.
  • the electric motor system is used in the vehicle, and in some embodiments, the fluid pump 4 is still running when the vehicle is powered on and parked. Specifically, when the vehicle is parked, the motor 2 does not work. After the vehicle is powered on, the valve 6 is closed, and the hydraulic pump 4 runs at a lower power, which can ensure the normal lubrication of the transmission bearing 54 and the motor bearing 28. Since the vehicle may start at any time, if the transmission bearing 54 and the motor bearing 28 are not lubricated, the transmission bearing 54 and the motor bearing 28 may be damaged when the vehicle starts suddenly. Therefore, when the vehicle is powered on and parked, ensure that the fluid pump is 4 is still running, thereby extending the service life of the motor system 10.
  • a vehicle 100 includes the motor system 10 of the above-described embodiment.
  • the vehicle 100 according to the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:
  • the rotor flow path is provided with a valve 6. According to the different operating conditions of the motor 2, the flow rate of the rotor flow path can be controlled by adjusting the valve 6 to improve the efficiency of the oil-cooled motor 2 (it is found through experiments that the rotor core 26 is filled with oil will reduce the efficiency of motor 2).
  • the motor bearing 28 leads out a part of the coolant through the stator flow path for lubrication, and the transmission bearing 54 leads out the second branch flow channel 5202 upstream of the rotor flow path valve 6 for lubrication, so that the lubrication of the transmission bearing 54 will not be affected after closing the valve 6 .
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples”, etc. means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example, A structure, material, or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.
  • schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆。该电机系统包括：电机(2)，所述电机(2)包括：电机壳体(22)、定子铁芯(23)、定子绕组(24)、转子铁芯(26)，所述定子铁芯(23)安装在所述电机壳体(22)内，所述定子绕组(24)绕制在所述定子铁芯(23)上，所述转子铁芯(26)相对于所述定子铁芯(23)可转动地设置，转子流路至少形成在所述转子铁芯(26)内，所述转子流路适于向所述定子绕组(24)输送冷却液；阀门(6)，所述阀门(6)用于控制所述转子流路的流量。

Description

电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请日为2021年03月31日、申请号为202110351329.2、专利申请名称为“电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆”的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机冷却技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆。
背景技术
现有的油冷电机采用两条流路对电机进行冷却，具体而言，主流路在进入变速箱之前，其中一部分冷却液分支到电机壳体，通过电机壳体上的液孔对定子端部进行冷却；另一部分冷却液进入变速箱，变速箱油从变速箱轴出来后，经过转子支撑上的流路，通过转子的转动，带动油的输送，从而使油完全输送到定子端部，达到冷却电机的目的。但是这样，转子的能耗较大，会降低电机效率。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决现有技术中的上述技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种电机系统，可以降低转子能耗，提高电机效率。
本申请还提出了一种具有上述电机系统的车辆。
根据本申请实施例的电机系统包括：电机，所述电机包括：电机壳体、定子铁芯、定子绕组、转子铁芯，所述定子铁芯安装在所述电机壳体内，所述定子绕组绕制在所述定子铁芯上，所述转子铁芯相对于所述定子铁芯可转动地设置，转子流路至少形成在所述转子铁芯内，所述转子流路适于向所述定子绕组输送冷却液；阀门，所述阀门用于控制所述转子流路的流量。
根据本申请实施例的电机系统，通过阀门的开合可以调节转子流路的流量，从而在需要转子流路冷却电机时，将阀门打开，保证转子流路内的流量不为零；在不需要转子流路冷却电机时，将阀门关闭，保证转子流路内的流量调节为零，从而降低转子转动时的能耗，也就是降低电机的能耗，以此优化电机的效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述阀门设置在所述电机上，且所述阀门设置在所述转子 流路上。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机系统还包括：变速器，所述变速器设置在所述电机的一端，所述变速器的内部具有变速器流道，变速器流道包括第一分支流道，所述阀门设置在所述第一分支流道上，所述阀门的阀门进液孔与所述第一分支流道连通，所述阀门的阀门出液孔与所述转子流路连通，所述阀门出液孔与所述阀门进液孔选择性连通。
可选地，所述变速器包括：变速器壳体、变速器主轴和变速器轴承，所述变速器轴承的内圈安装于所述变速器主轴，所述变速器轴承的外圈安装于所述变速器壳体，所述变速器内开设有与所述变速器轴承连通的第二分支流道。
可选地，所述第二分支流道位于所述第一分支流道的上游。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机还包括：隔磁板、转轴，所述隔磁板安装在所述转轴上，所述阀门出液孔与所述转轴内部的转轴流道连通，所述转轴上还设置有与所述转轴流道连通的转轴液孔，所述隔磁板具有隔磁板流道，所述隔磁板流道将所述转轴液孔处的冷却液引导至所述定子绕组处。
具体地，所述隔磁板流道包括：隔磁板第一流道和隔磁板第二流道，所述隔磁板第一流道适于与所述转轴流道连通，所述转子铁芯内部具有转子流道，所述转子流道与所述隔磁板第一流道连通，所述隔磁板第二流道的一端开口与所述转子流道连通，所述隔磁板第二流道的另一端开口朝向所述定子绕组，所述转子流路至少包括：所述转轴流道、所述隔磁板第一流道、所述转子流道、所述隔磁板第二流道。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机以低负荷或低转速工作，所述阀门关闭；所述电机以大负荷或高转速工作时，所述阀门间歇性开启。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机内具有定子流路，所述定子流路适于向所述定子绕组输送冷却液。
具体地，所述电机壳体的内表面凹陷并与所述定子铁芯之间配合形成壳体流道。
可选地，所述电机壳体的内表面设置有喷液孔，所述喷液孔与所述壳体流道连通，所述壳体流道的冷却液经所述喷液孔输送到所述定子绕组上，所述定子流路至少包括所述壳体流道、所述喷液孔。
更可选地，所述电机还包括：电机端盖，所述电机端盖设置在所述电机壳体的一端，所述电机系统还包括：变速器，所述变速器设置在所述电机的背离所述电机端盖的一端；所述电机壳体与所述电机端盖之间形成第一端流道，所述电机壳体与所述变速器之间形成第二端流道，所述第一端流道、所述第二端流道均与所述壳体流道连通，还均与所述喷液孔连通，所述定子流路还包括所述第一端流道、所述第二端流道。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机还包括：电机端盖，所述电机端盖设置在所述电 机壳体的一端，所述电机端盖上设置有接线板，所述接线板上设置有接线端子，所述接线板具有接线板进液孔、接线板出液孔以及连通所述接线板进液孔、所述接线板出液孔的接线板流道，所述接线板进液孔与所述定子流路连通，以冷却所述接线端子。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机系统还包括：换热装置，所述换热装置与所述定子流路、所述转子流路连通，以与所述定子流路和所述转子流路内的冷却液进行换热。
可选地，所述电机壳体上设置有电机进液孔、换热进液孔、换热出液孔，所述换热进液孔、所述换热出液孔均与所述换热装置连通，所述电机系统还包括：液泵，所述液泵将冷却液从所述电机进液孔泵至所述换热进液孔，冷却液在所述换热装置内换热后，再到达所述换热出液孔；
所述电机壳体具有与所述换热出液孔连通的第一出液孔和与所述换热出液孔连通的第二出液孔，所述第一出液孔与所述定子流路连通，所述第二出液孔与所述转子流路连通。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机壳体上设置有电机进水口、电机出水口、换热进水口和换热出水口，所述电机进水口适于与所述换热进水口连通，所述电机出水口适于与所述换热出水口连通，所述换热装置内部具有与所述换热进水口和所述换热出水口连通的换热水道，所述电机进水口、所述电机出水口还与外部冷却回路相连通。
根据本申请另一方面实施例的车辆，包括上述的电机系统。
所述车辆与上述的电机系统相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的电机系统的外观示意图；
图2是变速器与电机的装配剖视图；
图3是变速器端盖与电机壳体的一个装配剖视图；
图4是变速器端盖与电机壳体的另一个装配剖视图；
图5是变速器端盖、壳体本体与电机壳体的装配剖视图；
图6是变速器端盖、壳体本体、阀门与电机的装配剖视图；
图7是电机壳体的一个方向的示意图；
图8是电机壳体的另一个方向的示意图；
图9是电机端盖的示意图；
图10是接线板在电机端盖上的安装示意图；
图11是接线板与电机端盖的半剖示意图；
图12是接线板的局部示意图；
图13是变速器端盖、壳体本体的装配示意图；
图14是壳体本体的示意图；
图15是电机系统内的冷却液流动路径示意图；
图16是根据本申请实施例的车辆的示意图。
附图标记：
车辆100、电机系统10、电控组件1、电机2、电机端盖21、端盖第一流道2101、端盖第二流道2102、端盖第三流道2103、底部液孔2104、溢流道2105、电机壳体22、电机进水口2201、换热进水口2202、换热出水口2203、电机进液孔2204、换热进液孔2205、换热出液孔2206、第二出液孔2207、壳体流道2208、喷液孔2209、回流道2210、电机出水口2211、第一出液孔2213、第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215、定子铁芯23、定子绕组24、隔磁板25、隔磁板第一流道2501、隔磁板第二流道2502、转子铁芯26、转子流道2601、转轴27、转轴流道2701、转轴液孔2702、电机轴承28、接线板29、接线板进液孔2901、接线板出液孔2902、换热装置3、液泵4、变速器5、变速器端盖51、液孔5101、第一流路5102、第二流路5103、端盖第一液孔5104、端盖第二液孔5106、壳体本体52、壳体液孔5201、第二分支流道5202、第一分支流道5203、变速器主轴53、主轴流道5301、变速器轴承54、端盖轴承55、阀门6、阀门进液孔601、阀门出液孔602。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定” 等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合图1-图16详细描述根据本申请实施例的电机系统10以及车辆。
参照图1所示，根据本申请实施例的电机系统10可以包括：电控组件1、电机2、阀门6。
电控组件1安装在电机2上部。参照图2、图6所示，电机2可以包括：电机壳体22、定子铁芯23、定子绕组24、转子铁芯26、转轴27，定子铁芯23安装在电机壳体22内，定子绕组24绕制在定子铁芯23上，具体而言，定子绕组24嵌入定子铁芯23齿槽内以形成定子组件，定子组件安装在电机壳体22内，转子铁芯26相对于定子铁芯23可转动地设置，转子铁芯26安装在转轴27上,转子流路至少形成在转子铁芯26内，转子流路适于向定子绕组24输送冷却液，以对定子绕组24进行冷却。转子流路还用于向转子铁芯26输送冷却液，以对转子铁芯26以及其它转子组件进行冷却。
阀门6用于控制转子流路的流量。具体而言，当阀门6打开时，转子流路内的流量不为零，此时，转子流路可以向定子绕组24输送冷却液以冷却定子绕组24；当阀门6关闭时，转子流路内的流量为零，此时，转子流路无法向定子绕组24输送冷却液以冷却定子绕组24。阀门6的打开角度可以与转子流路的流量大小正相关，例如，阀门6的打开角度越大，转子流路的流量越大；阀门6的打开角度越小，转子流路的流量越小。可选地，阀门6的打开角度可以与转子流路的流量大小成正比例。
根据本申请实施例的电机系统10，通过阀门6的开合可以调节转子流路的流量，从而在需要转子流路冷却电机2时，将阀门6打开，保证转子流路内的流量不为零；在不需要转子流路冷却电机2时，将阀门6关闭，保证转子流路内的流量调节为零，从而降低转子转动时的能耗，也就是降低电机2的能耗，以此优化电机2的效率。
在本申请的一些实施例中，阀门6设置在电机2上，且阀门6设置在转子流路上。
可选地，电机系统10还可以包括：变速器5，变速器5设置在电机2的一端，具体而言，电机2还可以包括：电机端盖21，电机端盖21设置在电机壳体22的一端，变速器5设置在电机2的背离电机端盖21的一端，参照图1-图2所示，电机端盖21设置在电机2的右端，变速器5设置在电机2的左端。
在图1-图2所示的实施例中，阀门6设置在变速器5上，此时，转子流路内的冷却液是从变速器5中和转轴27同轴连接的输入轴进入的。在一些图中未示出的实施例中，阀门6也可以设置在电机2上，此时，转子流路内的冷却液是从转轴27的远离变速器5的一端 进入的。
可选地，变速器5可以是减速器。
具体而言，变速器5的内部具有第一分支流道5203，电机壳体22的冷却液流至第一分支流道5203，阀门6设置在第一分支流道5203上，阀门6的阀门进液孔601与第一分支流道5203连通，阀门6的阀门出液孔602与转子流路连通，阀门出液孔602与阀门进液孔601选择性连通。
可选地，参照图6所示，变速器5可以包括：变速器壳体、变速器主轴53和变速器轴承54，变速器主轴53与转轴27同轴连接，变速器轴承54的内圈安装于变速器主轴53，变速器轴承54的外圈安装于变速器壳体，例如，变速器轴承54的内圈可通过过盈配合安装在变速器主轴53上，变速器轴承54的外圈可通过过盈配合安装在变速器壳体内，变速器壳体上开设有变速器流道，变速器流道具有与变速器轴承54连通的第二分支流道5202，电机壳体22的冷却液流至第二分支流道5202。
变速器壳体可以包括：壳体本体52和变速器端盖51，变速器端盖51安装在壳体本体52的端部，变速器轴承54的外圈与壳体本体52固定，例如，变速器轴承54的外圈通过过盈配合的方式安装于壳体本体52。端盖轴承55设置在电机壳体22的另一端，端盖轴承55的内圈可通过过盈配合安装在转轴27，端盖轴承55的外圈可通过过盈配合安装在变速器端盖51内，端盖轴承55可用于支撑转轴27，保证转轴27转动时的平稳性。
参照图3、图13所示，变速器5具有液孔5101、第一流路5102、第二流路5103，液孔5101与第一流路5102连通，第一流路5102与第二流路5103连通，液孔5101将变速器5底部的冷却液引至第一流路5102，后经过内部流路将冷却液从第一流路5102引至第二流路5103。
液孔5101、第一流路5102、第二流路5103均开设在变速器端盖51上。参照图4-图5所示，变速器端盖51上还开设有端盖第一液孔5104，经过变速器端盖51的内部流路将端盖第一液孔5104的冷却液引至端盖第二液孔5106。壳体本体52上开设有壳体液孔5201，端盖第二液孔5106与壳体液孔5201连通(例如可以相对设置)，使得端盖第二液孔5106的冷却液流至壳体液孔5201。参照图6所示，壳体液孔5201的一部分冷却液经第二分支流道5202流至变速器轴承54，另一部分经过第一分支流道5203流至阀门进液孔601。变速器端盖51一侧的油在完成冷却任务之后，由于重力作用会从端盖第二液孔5106流至变速箱底部，完成回油。
参照图6所示，第二分支流道5202位于第一分支流道5203的上游。也就是说，冷却液先经过第二分支流道5202，再经过第一分支流道5203，这样，即使阀门6闭合，也不会对变速器轴承54的润滑产生影响。
参照图2、图6所示，电机2还可以包括：隔磁板25、电机轴承28，隔磁板25安装在转轴27上，电机轴承28的内圈安装于转轴27，电机轴承28的外圈安装于电机端盖21，例如，电机轴承28的内圈可通过过盈配合安装在转轴27上，电机轴承28的外圈可通过过盈配合安装在电机端盖21内，电机轴承28支撑转轴27，并且电机轴承28可提升转轴27转动时的平稳性。转子铁芯26的两端均设置有隔磁板25，隔磁板25具有隔磁作用，并且可用于调节电机2的转子组件(至少包括转子铁芯26)的动平衡。
电机2内具有定子流路，定子流路适于向定子绕组24输送冷却液，以冷却定子绕组24。
如图2所示，电机端盖21具有端盖油腔，端盖油腔与定子流路连通，电机壳体22的底部具有回流道2210，定子流路的油经端盖油腔、回流道2210回流至变速器5。具体而言，电机端盖21的底部具有底部液孔2104，底部液孔2104位于端盖油腔的下方，底部液孔2104与回流道2210连通，电机端盖21一侧的冷却液在完成冷却、润滑任务后，经过重力作用流至底部，经底部液孔2104流至回流道2210，随后经回流道回流至变速器5底部。
可选地，电机轴承28设置在转轴27的朝向电机端盖21的一端，如图2所示，电机轴承28设置在转轴27的右端，端盖油腔将定子流路连通至电机轴承28。具体如图2、图9所示，端盖油腔包括端盖第二流道2102、端盖第三流道2103，端盖第二流道2102与定子组件的端部连通(例如可以正对)，从而将定子组件端部的一部分冷却液引出至端盖油腔内，随后冷却液顺着端盖油腔内表面流至端盖第三流道2103，端盖第三流道2103与电机轴承28连通(例如可以正对)，从而为电机轴承28提供润滑。
参照图9所示，电机端盖21上还设置有溢流道2105，为电机轴承28润滑后的多余冷却液从溢流道2105流出，溢流道2105的位置高度略高于电机轴承28的外圈内表面，换言之，溢流道2105的位置高度略大于电机轴承28的外圈厚度，这样，油面在高于电机轴承28外圈内表面后便会经溢流道2105流出，这样，既保证了电机轴承28的润滑，又可以防止电机轴承28处冷却液过多，兼顾了效率。
参照图9-图12所示，电机端盖21上固定设置有接线板29，接线板29具有接线板进液孔2901、接线板出液孔2902以及连通接线板进液孔2901、接线板出液孔2902的接线板流道，接线板进液孔2901与定子流路连通，接线板进液孔2901通过端盖油腔实现与定子流路的连通。具体而言，端盖油腔还包括：端盖第一流道2101，端盖第一流道2101的冷却液通过定子流路引出，接线板进液孔2901与端盖第一流道2101正对，端盖第一流道2101的冷却液经接线板进液孔2901的冷却液流经接线板流道，再从接线板出液孔2902流出，用于冷却固定在接线板29上的接线端子，解决大电流工况下接线端子过热问题，消除了短板，提高了电机2整体功率密度。这样，定子流路可以同时冷却定子铁芯23、定子绕组24、接线端子以及电机轴承28。定子流路设置在电机壳体22上，能够有效地和定子铁芯23接 触，以便对定子铁芯23进行冷却，然后电机壳体22还能够有效地和电机端盖21进行密封(这样可以减少零部件数量，从而有利于提高电机系统10的NVH性能)，以及通过端盖油腔对电机轴承28进行润滑以及对接线端子进行冷却。
参照图7-图8所示，电机壳体22的内表面凹陷并与定子铁芯23之间配合形成壳体流道2208，电机壳体22的内表面设置有喷液孔2209，具体而言，电机壳体22的两端内表面均设置有喷液孔2209，壳体流道2208与第一出液孔2213连通，喷液孔2209与壳体流道2208连通，第一出液孔2213的冷却液经壳体流道2208、喷液孔2209输送到定子绕组24上，具体可以输送到定子绕组24的端部，以冷却定子绕组24。定子流路至少包括壳体流道2208、喷液孔2209。喷液孔2209与壳体流道2208之间可以直接连通，也可以通过其它流路结构(例如通过下述的第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215)实现间接连通。
具体而言，壳体流道2208为电机壳体22内表面的流路与定子铁芯23配合之后形成的密封流道，壳体流道2208直接与定子铁芯23接触，有利于减少热阻，提高散热效率。壳体流道2208可以由周向流道和多条轴向平行流道组成，其中，多条轴向平行流道均与周向流道连通。
更可选地，电机壳体22与电机端盖21、变速器5装配(选择性使用密封圈)后，在电机壳体22与电机端盖21之间形成第一端流道2214，在电机壳体22与变速器5之间形成第二端流道2215，第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215均与壳体流道2208连通，还均与喷液孔2209连通，换言之，壳体流道2208只与第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215连通，而第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215与喷液孔2209连通，壳体流道2208和喷液孔2209是通过2214、2215实现间接连通的，第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215的冷却液经喷液孔2209输送到定子绕组24的端部，以冷却定子绕组24。也就是说，定子流路还包括第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215。壳体流道2208还可以通过第一端流道2214、第二端流道2215实现与喷液孔2209的连通。
如图6所示，阀门6的阀门出液孔602与变速器主轴53内部的主轴流道5301连通，主轴流道5301与转轴27内部的转轴流道2701连通，转轴27上还设置有与转轴流道2701连通的转轴液孔2702，隔磁板25具有隔磁板流道，隔磁板流道将转轴液孔2702处的油引导至定子绕组24处。
具体地，隔磁板流道可以包括：隔磁板第一流道2501和隔磁板第二流道2502，隔磁板第一流道2501适于与转轴流道2701连通，转子铁芯26内部具有转子流道2601，转子流道2601与隔磁板第一流道2501连通，隔磁板第二流道2502的一端开口与转子流道2601连通，隔磁板第二流道2502的另一端开口朝向定子绕组24，转子流路至少包括：转轴流道2701、隔磁板第一流道2501、转子流道2601、隔磁板第二流道2502。第一分支流道5203 与转子流路连通。转子流路流经转子铁芯26，能够冷却转子铁芯26，为磁钢提供更好的散热条件。
参照图6所示，当阀门出液孔602与阀门进液孔601连通时，第一分支流道5203的冷却液从阀门进液孔601流至阀门出液孔602，再从阀门出液孔602流至主轴流道5301，随后流至转轴流道2701，经过转轴液孔2702流入隔磁板第一流道2501，后流至转子流道2601，最后通过隔磁板第二流道2502输送至定子绕组24的端部，以冷却定子绕组24。在另一些可选的实施例中，经过转轴液孔2702流入隔磁板第一流道2501后，直接流至隔磁板第二流道2502，进而输送至定子绕组24的端部，以冷却定子绕组24，此时，转子铁芯26内部开设或不开设转子流道2601均可。
可选地，阀门出液孔602与阀门进液孔601间歇性连通，也就是说，阀门6间歇性开启，阀门出液孔602与阀门进液孔601连通时，可以加速带走电机2累积的热量，以冷却电机2。
电机系统10还可以包括换热装置3，换热装置3安装在电机2侧面，换热装置3与定子流路、转子流路连通，以与定子流路和转子流路内的冷却液进行换热。具体而言，换热装置3内具有冷却液，冷却液与冷却液换热后温度得以降低，从而在将冷却液输送至定子绕组24时，可以有效冷却定子绕组24。
冷却液经过换热装置3换热之后进入定子流路和转子流路，以增强冷却液对定子绕组24的冷却效果。
参照图7-图8所示，电机壳体22上设置有电机进液孔2204、换热进液孔2205、换热出液孔2206，电机进液孔2204与换热进液孔2205连通，换热进液孔2205、换热出液孔2206均与换热装置3连通，电机系统10还可以包括：液泵4，如图1所示，液泵4安装在变速器5右侧面，且液泵4处于换热装置3附近，阀门6安装在变速器5左侧面，使得液泵4与阀门6分布合理，充分利用变速器两侧空间。液泵4用于将变速器5的冷却液从电机进液孔2204泵至换热进液孔2205，冷却液在换热装置3内换热后，再到达换热出液孔2206。
变速器5的第二流路5103与电机进液孔2204连通(例如可以相对设置)，冷却液经第二流路5103到达电机进液孔2204，再经电机壳体22内部流路流至换热进液孔2205，从换热进液孔2205流入换热装置3，冷却液在换热装置3内与冷却液换热后，冷却后的冷却液流至换热出液孔2206。
电机壳体22具有与换热出液孔2206连通的第一出液孔2213和与换热出液孔2206连通的第二出液孔2207，第一出液孔2213与定子流路连通，第二出液孔2207与转子流路连通。也就是说，在换热装置3内冷却后的冷却液流至换热出液孔2206后，在电机壳体22 内部分成两路，一路为定子流路，另一路为转子流路，阀门6设置在转子流路上。
变速器5具有变速器流道，第二出液孔2207的冷却液流至变速器流道。
参照图7所示，电机壳体22上设置有电机进水口2201、电机出水口2211、换热进水口2202和换热出水口2203，电机进水口2201适于与换热进水口2202连通，电机出水口2211适于与换热出水口2203连通，换热装置3内部具有与换热进水口2202和换热出水口2203连通的换热水道，电机进水口2201、电机出水口2211还与外部冷却回路相连通。具体而言，电机进水口2201与电控组件1的出水口通过管道相连，电机壳体22上通过打孔的方式将电机进水口2201与换热进水口2202连通，冷却液经电控组件1、电机进水口2201、换热进水口2202进入换热装置3，随后流入换热出水口2203，再经电机壳体22内部水道流到电机出水口2211，后流至外部冷却回路。这样，当定子流路和转子流路的冷却液经过换热装置3换热时，换热装置3内部的冷却液可以与冷却液进行换热，从而快速冷却冷却液。
电机系统10内的冷却液流动路径参照图15所示。在液泵4的驱动作用下，变速器5底部的冷却液经换热装置3冷却后，一部分进入定子流路，定子流路的冷却液可以对定子绕组24、电机轴承28、接线板29进行冷却；阀门6打开时，经换热装置3冷却后的另一部分冷却液可以进入转子流路，对转子组件进行冷却，随后输送到定子绕组24端部，冷却完定子绕组24后通过电机2底部的回流道2210回流至变速器5。
在车辆驻车且电机2工作时，电机2作为电池包的电感升压工作，绕组内纹波电流的大小受到充电柜和电池包两侧电压差值的影响，当电压差值大于某一阈值时，阀门6开启，也就是说，此时电机2的热量有害，需增大对电机2的冷却。当电机2的绕组内通入恒定直流电使电机2的定子绕组24驻车生热时，由于不存在交流电，因此无需对开启转子流路，此时，阀门6关闭，也就是说，此时减小转子流路的冷却液量，从而降低转子转动时的能耗，也就是降低电机2的能耗，以提升电机2的效率。
当电机2工作驱动车辆运行时，若电机2以低负荷/低转速工作，则阀门6关闭，液泵4的功率根据绕组温度进行调节。若电机2以大负荷/高转速工作，则液泵4的功率根据绕组温度进行调节，阀门6间歇性开启，例如可以是每间隔10分钟便工作1分钟，同时在结束大负荷、高转速工作时，开启1分钟，以冷却电机2，同时防止在间隔的10分钟时间内并不完全是大负荷、高转速工作。可选地，阀门6的开启时间可根据用户需求进行设定。
在一些实施例中，低负荷为扭矩小于50N·M的负荷，高负荷为扭矩大于等于50N·M的负荷。低速为转速小于3000转/分，高速为转速大于等于3000转/分。
电机系统用于车辆，在一些实施例中，当车辆上电且驻车时，液泵4仍运行。具体而言，驻车时，电机2不工作，车辆上电后，阀门6关闭，液泵4以较小功率运行，这样可 以保证变速器轴承54和电机轴承28的正常润滑。由于车辆随时有可能启动，如果不对变速器轴承54和电机轴承28进行润滑，那么车辆突然启动时，可能会造成变速器轴承54和电机轴承28损坏，因此在车辆上电且驻车时，保证液泵4仍运行，以此延长电机系统10的使用寿命。
参照图16所示，根据本申请另一方面实施例的车辆100，包括上述实施例的电机系统10。
根据本申请实施例的车辆100具有以下有益效果：
(1)转子流路设有阀门6，根据电机2不同运行工况，可以通过调节阀门6来控制转子流路的流量，提高油冷电机2效率(经实验发现，转子铁芯26内部通油时会降低电机2效率)。
(2)电机轴承28通过定子流路引出一部分冷却液润滑，变速器轴承54在转子流路阀门6上游引出第二分支流道5202进行润滑，这样在关闭阀门6后不会影响变速器轴承54的润滑。
(3)通过定子流路引出部分冷却液冷却接线板29，从而冷却接线板29上的接线端子，解决大电流工况下接线端子过热问题，消除了短板，提高了电机2整体功率密度。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例进行接合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电机系统，其中，包括：
    电机(2)，所述电机(2)包括：电机壳体(22)、定子铁芯(23)、定子绕组(24)、转子铁芯(26)，所述定子铁芯(23)安装在所述电机壳体(22)内，所述定子绕组(24)绕制在所述定子铁芯(23)上，所述转子铁芯(26)相对于所述定子铁芯(23)可转动地设置，转子流路至少形成在所述转子铁芯(26)内，所述转子流路适于向所述定子绕组(24)输送冷却液；
    阀门(6)，所述阀门(6)用于控制所述转子流路的流量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机系统，其中，所述阀门(6)设置在所述电机(2)上，且所述阀门(6)设置在所述转子流路上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机系统还包括：变速器(5)，所述变速器(5)设置在所述电机(2)的一端，所述变速器(5)的内部具有第一分支流道(5203)，所述阀门(6)设置在所述第一分支流道(5203)上，所述阀门(6)的阀门进液孔(601)与所述第一分支流道(5203)连通，所述阀门(6)的阀门出液孔(602)与所述转子流路连通，所述阀门出液孔(602)与所述阀门进液孔(601)选择性连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机系统，其中，所述变速器(5)包括：变速器壳体、变速器主轴(53)和变速器轴承(54)，所述变速器轴承(54)的内圈安装于所述变速器主轴(53)，所述变速器轴承(54)的外圈安装于所述变速器壳体，所述变速器内开设有与所述变速器轴承(54)连通的第二分支流道(5202)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电机系统，其中，所述第二分支流道(5202)位于所述第一分支流道(5203)的上游。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机(2)还包括：隔磁板(25)、转轴(27)，所述隔磁板(25)安装在所述转轴(27)上，所述阀门出液孔(602)与所述转轴(27)内部的转轴流道(2701)连通，所述转轴(27)上还设置有与所述转轴流道(2701)连通的转轴液孔(2702)，所述隔磁板(25)具有隔磁板流道，所述隔磁板流道将所述转轴液孔(2702)处的冷却液引导至所述定子绕组(24)处。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电机系统，其中，所述隔磁板流道包括：隔磁板第一流道(2501)和隔磁板第二流道(2502)，所述隔磁板第一流道(2501)适于与所述转轴流道(2701)连通，所述转子铁芯(26)内部具有转子流道(2601)，所述转子流道(2601)与所述隔磁板第一流道(2501)连通，所述隔磁板第二流道(2502)的一端开口与所述转子流道(2601)连通，所述隔磁板第二流道(2502)的另一端开口朝向所述定子绕组(24)，所述转子流路至少包括：所述转轴流道(2701)、所述隔磁板第一流道(2501)、所述转子流道(2601)、所述隔磁板第二流 道(2502)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机(2)以低负荷或低转速工作，所述阀门(6)关闭；所述电机(2)以大负荷或高转速工作时，所述阀门(6)间歇性开启。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机(2)内具有定子流路，所述定子流路适于向所述定子绕组(24)输送冷却液。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机壳体(22)的内表面凹陷并与所述定子铁芯(23)之间配合形成壳体流道(2208)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机壳体(22)的内表面设置有喷液孔(2209)，所述喷液孔(2209)与所述壳体流道(2208)连通，所述壳体流道(2208)的冷却液经所述喷液孔(2209)输送到所述定子绕组(24)上，所述定子流路至少包括所述壳体流道(2208)、所述喷液孔(2209)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机(2)还包括：电机端盖(21)，所述电机端盖(21)设置在所述电机壳体(22)的一端，所述电机系统还包括：变速器(5)，所述变速器(5)设置在所述电机(2)的背离所述电机端盖(21)的一端；所述电机壳体(22)与所述电机端盖(21)之间形成第一端流道(2214)，所述电机壳体(22)与所述变速器(5)之间形成第二端流道(2215)，所述第一端流道(2214)、所述第二端流道(2215)均与所述壳体流道(2208)连通，还均与所述喷液孔(2209)连通，所述定子流路还包括所述第一端流道(2214)、所述第二端流道(2215)。
  13. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机(2)还包括：电机端盖(21)，所述电机端盖(21)设置在所述电机壳体(22)的一端，所述电机端盖(21)上设置有接线板(29)，所述接线板(29)上设置有接线端子，所述接线板(29)具有接线板进液孔(2901)、接线板出液孔(2902)以及连通所述接线板进液孔(2901)、所述接线板出液孔(2902)的接线板流道，所述接线板进液孔(2901)与所述定子流路连通，以冷却所述接线端子。
  14. 根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的电机系统，其中，还包括：换热装置(3)，所述换热装置(3)与所述定子流路、所述转子流路连通，以与所述定子流路和所述转子流路内的冷却液进行换热。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机壳体(22)上设置有电机进液孔(2204)、换热进液孔(2205)、换热出液孔(2206)，所述换热进液孔(2205)、所述换热出液孔(2206)均与所述换热装置(3)连通，所述电机系统还包括：液泵(4)，所述液泵(4)将冷却液从所述电机进液孔(2204)泵至所述换热进液孔(2205)，冷却液在所述换热装置(3)内换热后，再到达所述换热出液孔(2206)；
    所述电机壳体(22)具有与所述换热出液孔(2206)连通的第一出液孔(2213)和与所述换 热出液孔(2206)连通的第二出液孔(2207)，所述第一出液孔(2213)与所述定子流路连通，所述第二出液孔(2207)与所述转子流路连通。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的电机系统，其中，所述电机壳体(22)上设置有电机进水口(2201)、电机出水口(2211)、换热进水口(2202)和换热出水口(2203)，所述电机进水口(2201)适于与所述换热进水口(2202)连通，所述电机出水口(2211)适于与所述换热出水口(2203)连通，所述换热装置(3)内部具有与所述换热进水口(2202)和所述换热出水口(2203)连通的换热水道，所述电机进水口(2201)、所述电机出水口(2211)还与外部冷却回路相连通。
  17. 一种车辆，其中，包括权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电机系统。
PCT/CN2022/083937 2021-03-31 2022-03-30 电机系统及具有该电机系统的车辆 WO2022206804A1 (zh)

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