WO2022202823A1 - メトロロジーシステムおよび主鏡保有装置 - Google Patents
メトロロジーシステムおよび主鏡保有装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202823A1 WO2022202823A1 PCT/JP2022/013222 JP2022013222W WO2022202823A1 WO 2022202823 A1 WO2022202823 A1 WO 2022202823A1 JP 2022013222 W JP2022013222 W JP 2022013222W WO 2022202823 A1 WO2022202823 A1 WO 2022202823A1
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- axis
- elevation
- azimuth
- primary mirror
- base
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/16—Housings; Caps; Mountings; Supports, e.g. with counterweight
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/1821—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors for rotating or oscillating mirrors
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a metrology system and a primary mirror holding device that measure the amount of displacement of a structure.
- a conventional metrology system that measures the amount of displacement of a telescope device detects the movement of the left and right yokes of the telescope and estimates the pointing direction of the primary mirror (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a conventional telescope that predicts a pointing error and corrects the pointing error (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the conventional metrology system has the problem that no method for estimating the pointing direction of the primary mirror other than the method for detecting the movement of the yoke of the telescope is disclosed.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to obtain a metrology system and a primary mirror holding device that can measure the displacement amount of the elevation axis.
- a metrology system includes a primary mirror section including a primary mirror and a primary mirror support section for supporting the primary mirror, and supporting the primary mirror section to change the elevation angle of the pointing direction, which is the direction in which the primary mirror faces. and an elevation axis structure rotatable about an azimuth axis to change the azimuth angle of the pointing direction and an orientation supporting the elevation axis structure rotatably about the elevation axis.
- An elevation axis base that passes through the position and is provided along the elevation axis and is fixed to the azimuth mount, and an inclination that is arranged at a position where the azimuth axis of the elevation axis base passes through and measures the inclination angle of the elevation axis base It is equipped with a meter.
- the primary mirror holding device is a parabolic mirror that is a rotating radiation surface, and the rotation axis of the rotation radiation surface is twisted with respect to the elevation axis that changes the elevation angle of the direction in which the rotation axis points.
- An elevation axis base fixed to an azimuth mount that passes through the base and the position where the elevation axis and the azimuth axis intersect and is provided along the elevation axis, and is arranged at a position where the azimuth axis of the elevation axis base passes. and an inclinometer for measuring the inclination angle of the elevation axis base.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic rear view of the telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view (partially transparent view) of a metrology system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a front view (partially perspective view) of the metrology system according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of a portion including an elevation axis base of the metrology system according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of a portion where a displacement measuring instrument is arranged in the metrology system according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a side where a gantry base exists from a virtual cross section of the metrology system according to Embodiment 1;
- Embodiment 1 A metrology system and a telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
- FIG. The metrology system according to Embodiment 1 measures the amount of displacement regarding the structure of the telescope device 1 .
- the telescope device 1 is a primary mirror holding device having a primary mirror that reflects light or radio waves.
- the metrology system according to the present disclosure can be applied to a primary mirror holding device having a primary mirror that reflects light or radio waves, such as an optical telescope device, a radio telescope device, and an antenna device used for communications and radar.
- the present disclosure is also directed to a primary mirror holding device having a metrology system. In this specification, the case where the primary mirror holding device is a telescope device will be described.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
- FIG. The illustrated telescope device is in a state in which its primary mirror is oriented at an elevation angle of 88 degrees.
- 1, 2, 3 and 4 are a schematic right side view, a schematic front view, a schematic rear view and a schematic plan view of the telescope device 1, respectively.
- the telescope device 1 has a primary mirror section 2 , an elevation axis structure 3 , an azimuth mount 4 , and a base section 5 .
- the primary mirror section 2 has a primary mirror 6 and a primary mirror support section 7 that supports the primary mirror 6 .
- the elevation axis structure 3 is a member that supports the primary mirror section 2 and is rotatable around an elevation axis EL (also referred to as an EL axis or an elevation axis) that is a rotation axis for changing the elevation angle of the directional direction.
- the pointing direction of the telescope device 1 is the direction in which the primary mirror 6 (strictly speaking, the rotation axis RT of the paraboloid of revolution of the mirror surface) faces.
- the azimuth mount 4 supports the elevation axis structure 3 rotatably around the elevation axis EL.
- the azimuth mount 4 is a member rotatable around an azimuth axis AZ (also referred to as the AZ axis or azimuth axis), which is a rotation axis for changing the azimuth angle in the pointing direction.
- the base 5 supports the azimuth mount 4 rotatably around the azimuth axis AZ.
- the base portion 5 is fixed to a structure on which the telescope device 1 is installed.
- a structure in which the telescope device 1 is installed is a structure having a deep foundation in the ground.
- the primary mirror section 2 and the elevation axis structure 3 are plane-symmetrical structures with respect to the primary mirror center plane, which is a plane that includes the azimuth axis AZ and is perpendicular to the elevation axis EL.
- the elevation axis EL is indicated by a dashed line.
- the azimuth axis AZ is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the axis of rotation RT is indicated by a dashed line.
- the rotation axis RT is indicated in FIGS. 1 and 4 as a line segment between the secondary mirror and the primary mirror.
- the primary mirror section 2 has a primary mirror 6 , a primary mirror support section 7 , a secondary mirror 8 and a secondary mirror support section 9 .
- a primary mirror 6 reflects the observation light.
- the primary mirror support part 7 is provided on the back surface of the primary mirror 6 opposite to the mirror surface thereof and supports the primary mirror 6 .
- the primary mirror support section 7 is a structure in which rod-shaped members are assembled in a truss structure.
- a secondary mirror 8 is arranged at the focal point of the primary mirror 6 .
- the secondary mirror 8 further collects the observation light collected by the primary mirror 6 and reflects it in the direction in which the elevation axis structure 3 exists. Observation light condensed by the secondary mirror 8 enters an observation optical system (not shown) and is transmitted to an observation device.
- the end of the observation optical system on the primary mirror section 2 side is located near the rotation axis RT and at a position close to the back surface of the primary mirror support section 7 .
- the secondary mirror support section 9 supports the secondary mirror 8 .
- the secondary mirror support portion 9 is three support columns having a truss structure.
- the secondary mirror support portion 9 is provided on the peripheral edge portion of the primary mirror support portion 7 existing on the outer peripheral side of the primary mirror 6 so as to be symmetrical with respect to the central plane of the primary mirror.
- the center of the connecting portion of the central support column is provided so as to be positioned above the central plane of the primary mirror.
- the primary mirror 6 is a radiating mirror whose mirror surface is a rotating radiating surface.
- the telescope device 1 is a so-called offset telescope.
- the rotation axis RT of the rotating radiation surface is parallel to the azimuth axis AZ, and the rotation axis RT exists at a position deviated from the azimuth axis AZ.
- Rotational axis RT and azimuth axis AZ lie on the primary mirror center plane.
- the elevation axis EL is perpendicular to the central plane of the primary mirror, and the rotation axis RT and the elevation axis EL are at a twisted position.
- the rotation axis RT and the elevation axis EL are orthogonal to each other.
- the primary mirror 6 faces in a direction other than the zenith direction, the rotation axis RT and the azimuth axis AZ intersect.
- the position of the intersection of the rotation axis RT and the azimuth axis AZ is always separated from the position of the intersection of the elevation axis EL and the azimuth axis AZ.
- the intersection of the elevation axis EL and the azimuth axis AZ is called a pointing direction change center.
- the mirror surface of the primary mirror 2 has a circular shape obtained by cutting out a part of a parabolic mirror.
- the mirror surface of the primary mirror 2 which has a circular outline, has a cross-sectional shape when cut along a plane that passes through the center of the circle and is parallel to the rotation axis RT. asymmetrical. That is, in an offset telescope, the mirror surface is asymmetrical with respect to the center of the circular shape.
- a normal primary mirror is cut out in a circular shape so that the rotation axis RT of the paraboloid passes through the center. In a normal primary mirror, the center of the circular shape coincides with the rotation axis RT. Therefore, a normal primary mirror has an axisymmetric mirror surface.
- the cross-sectional shape of a cross section including the rotation axis RT is left-right symmetrical wherever the cross-section is.
- a telescope having a normal primary mirror is called an axisymmetric telescope.
- the primary mirror support part 7 and the secondary mirror support part 9 are provided with a heat insulating material on the surface so that the amount of deformation due to temperature change is reduced.
- the primary mirror support section 7 has a structure for cooling its surroundings. Insulation materials and cooling structures are determined in consideration of the environment of the site where the telescope is installed.
- the rotation axis RT is always at a position away from the pointing direction change center, which is the intersection of the azimuth axis AZ and the elevation axis EL, regardless of which direction the primary mirror 6 faces. Therefore, the end of the observation optical system on the side of the primary mirror unit 2, which is arranged near the rotation axis RT, exists at a position away from the pointing direction change center.
- the offset type telescope device has a high degree of freedom in using the space from the pointing direction change center to the back surface of the primary mirror 6 .
- the elevation shaft structure 3 has two sets of bearings 10 and counterweights 11 .
- a pair of the bearing portion 10 and the counterweight portion 11 is symmetrically provided on the back surface of the primary mirror support portion 7 .
- the bearing 10 rotatably holds an elevation shaft member 12 (not shown) provided on the azimuth mount 4 .
- the elevation shaft member 12 and the bearing 10 constitute an actual elevation shaft EL.
- the counterweight portion 11 has a weight such that the center of gravity of the primary mirror portion 1 and the elevation axis structure 3 is located near the elevation axis EL. The center of gravity of the primary mirror section 1 and the elevation axis structure 3 exists on the primary mirror central plane.
- the counterweight portion 11 has a fan-like shape with a central angle of about 135 degrees when viewed from the elevation axis EL.
- the counterweight portion 11 is arranged parallel to the central plane of the primary mirror 6 with an interval of about 25% of the diameter of the primary mirror 6 .
- the azimuth mount 4 has an elevation shaft member 12 , a mount base 13 , an elevation shaft structure support portion 14 and a working scaffold 15 .
- the gantry base 13 is supported by the base 5 .
- a motor, a gear mechanism, and the like are installed on the upper side of the gantry base 13 to rotate the elevation shaft structure 3 and hold it at a specified angle. Note that the illustration of a motor, a gear mechanism, and the like is omitted.
- the elevation shaft structure supporting portion 14 is a member that is provided on the upper side of the gantry base portion 13 and supports the elevation shaft structure 3 .
- the elevation axis structure supporting portion 14 has, from the bottom, a cylindrical portion, a truncated cone shape, and a substantially cylindrical portion oriented horizontally.
- the substantially cylindrical portion of the elevation axis structure supporting portion 14 has a truncated cone shape in which the radius near both ends in the horizontal direction becomes smaller toward the ends.
- Elevation angle shaft members 12 are provided horizontally on both side surfaces of the substantially cylindrical portion.
- the elevation shaft member 12 is a member that forms the elevation shaft EL.
- the elevation shaft member 12 is a cylindrical member.
- the central axes of the two elevation shaft members 12 are aligned, and the central axis of the elevation shaft member 12 is the elevation axis EL.
- the elevation shaft member 12 is arranged to be inserted inside the bearing portion 10 .
- the elevation shaft member 12 is invisible when the telescope device 1 is viewed from the outside.
- the working scaffold 15 is a scaffold attached to the gantry base 13 . A person stands on the work scaffold 15 and performs work such as maintenance.
- the elevation shaft member 12 is provided on the azimuth mount 4 and the bearing 10 is provided on the elevation shaft structure 3 .
- the metrology system according to the present disclosure can also be applied to a telescope apparatus in which the elevation shaft member 12 is provided on the elevation shaft structure 3 and the bearing 10 is provided on the azimuth mount 4 .
- the base part 5 is fixed to the structure.
- a bearing for rotatably supporting the gantry base 13 and a motor for rotating the gantry base 13 are provided inside the base 5 .
- the bearing portion is provided between the gantry base portion 13 and the base portion 5 .
- the bearings have bearings so that the gantry base 13 can rotate with low friction relative to the base 5 .
- the telescope device 1 may or may not include a metrology system 30 that measures the amount of displacement related to the structure of the telescope device 1 .
- the telescope device 1 can perform scanning by correcting (compensating for) an error in the pointing direction.
- a method for correcting (compensating) the pointing direction error the conventional technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 or the like can be applied.
- FIG. A metrology system 30 is provided within the elevation shaft structure support 14 .
- FIGS. 5 to 9 are written on the assumption that there is no elevation shaft structure supporting portion 14 on the near side in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
- 5 and 6 are perspective (partially transparent) and frontal (partially transparent) views of metrology system 30.
- FIG. 5 and 6 show the state before the working scaffolding 15 is installed on the gantry base 13.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is an enlarged front view of a portion including the elevation axis base of the metrology system 30.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged front view of a portion of the metrology system 30 where the displacement measuring instruments are arranged.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of the metrology system 30.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of the side where the gantry base 14 exists from the imaginary cross section below the branch 31B.
- the vertical Z-axis is defined to coincide with the elevation axis AZ.
- the X-axis is defined on the horizontal plane.
- the Y-axis is defined perpendicular to the X-axis on the horizontal plane.
- the Y-axis is parallel to the direction in which the primary mirror 6 faces when the elevation angle is 0 degrees.
- the positive direction of the Y-axis is the direction from the side where the secondary mirror 8 exists to the side where it does not exist.
- the positive direction of the X-axis is obtained by rotating the positive direction of the Y-axis clockwise by 90 degrees.
- the metrology system 30 has an elevation axis base 31 , an inclinometer 32 , an azimuth axis base 33 and a displacement meter 34 .
- Elevation axis base 31 and inclinometer 32 monitor long-term changes in the direction of elevation axis EZ due to displacement due to heat generated in primary mirror 2, elevation axis structure 3, and azimuth mount 4, and displacement over time. do.
- a displacement meter 34 monitors the displacement of the elevation axis base 31 with respect to the azimuth axis base 33 in the short term.
- short-term is meant short-term as compared to thermal displacement, age-related displacement, and the like. Short-term can also be said to be instantaneous.
- the elevation axis base 31 , the inclinometer 32 , the azimuth axis base 33 and the displacement meter 34 are housed inside the azimuth mount 4 .
- the elevation axis base portion 31 has a main body portion 31A and a branch portion 31B.
- the body portion 31A is provided along the elevation axis through a position where the elevation axis EL and the azimuth axis AZ intersect.
- the branch portion 31B extends below the main body portion 31A. Both ends of the main body portion 31A of the elevation shaft base portion 31 are fixed to the elevation shaft structure supporting portion 14 .
- the body portion 31A is also called a reference pole portion.
- the body portion 31A has a shape in which three cylinders having the same radius and having flanges are connected with their central axes aligned.
- a branch portion 31B that branches and extends downward is connected to the central cylinder of the main body portion 31A.
- the branch 31B extends along the azimuth axis AZ.
- the branch portion 31B is a cylinder having a flange at its lower end.
- Branch portion 31B is provided such that its central axis coincides with azimuth axis AZ.
- the lower end of the branch portion 31B is closed in a flat plate shape.
- the elevation shaft base 31 is covered with a heat insulating material as a countermeasure against thermal expansion.
- the inclinometer 32 is provided above the elevation axis base 31 at a position through which the azimuth axis AZ passes.
- the inclinometer 32 measures the inclination angle of the main body portion 31A, which is the portion of the elevation axis base portion 31 along the elevation axis EL.
- the inclinometer 32 detects the direction of gravity, and detects the angle of inclination from the difference from the direction in which the inclinometer 32 is installed.
- the inclinometer 32 converts the displacement of the elevation shaft base 31 into rotation angles (inclination angles) about the X-axis and the Y-axis, and outputs the angles.
- the inclinometer 32 detects the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y ) of the elevation axis base portion 31 .
- An inclinometer 32 is formed in the elevation axis base 31 and arranged on the azimuth axis AZ.
- the inclinometer 32 is provided with the elevation axis base 31 along the elevation axis El. Therefore, the deviation of the pointing direction of the primary mirror 6 can be detected.
- Displacement due to heat and displacement due to aging are mainly displacements that occur in axes other than the Z-axis ( azimuth axis AZ ). can detect thermal displacement and aging displacement.
- the inclinometer 32 having an automatic reversal measurement function has a turntable, and a sensor for detecting the direction of gravity is installed on the turntable. By rotating the turntable by 180 degrees at regular intervals and measuring the tilt angle, the influence of temperature drift can be removed from the tilt angle.
- a body portion 31A (reference pole portion) of the elevation axis base portion 31 is installed so as to represent the central axis of the elevation axis EL.
- the elevation shaft base portion 31 is fixed to the elevation shaft structure supporting portion 14 so that the central axis of the main body portion 31 having a cylindrical shape coincides with the elevation axis EL. Therefore, the inclinometer 32 can measure the amount of displacement of the elevation axis EL.
- the inclination angle measured by the inclinometer 32 is different from the inclination angle of the elevation axis EL.
- the inclinometer 32 is installed at a position where the upper azimuth axis AZ of the main body 31A passes.
- the azimuth axis AZ exists at the center of the horizontal length of the main body 31A. Therefore, the inclinometer 32 measures the amount of displacement on the elevation axis EL caused by the displacement generated in the elevation axis structure 4 and the azimuth angle mount 5 (mainly the elevation axis structure support section 15) due to the load of the primary mirror section 2. can.
- the inclinometer 32 can eliminate the influence of bending or local deformation of the main body portion 31A of the elevation axis base portion 31 when measuring the amount of displacement on the elevation axis EL.
- the inclinometer 32 In the case where the main body portion 31A of the elevation axis base portion 31 is bent, if the inclinometer 32 is installed at a location other than the center of the main body portion 31A, the inclinometer 32 will detect the tilt angle due to the deflection of the main body portion 31A in addition to the displacement amount of the elevation axis EL. also measure. Measuring the displacement including the tilt angle due to deflection means that the inclinometer 32 cannot accurately measure the amount of displacement of the elevation axis EL.
- the inclinometer 32 is arranged at a position where the inclination of the elevation axis EL can be arranged as accurately as possible. By doing so, the displacement of the pointing direction of the telescope device 1 can be corrected with the maximum correction effect.
- the lower end of the azimuth axis base 33 is fixed to the gantry base 13 .
- the azimuth axis base portion 33 is provided separately from the elevation axis structure support portion 14 .
- the azimuth axis base portion 33 has an upper upper cylindrical portion 33A and a lower frame structure portion 33B.
- the upper cylindrical portion 33A is also called a metrology pole.
- the framework structure 33B is also called a metrology tower.
- the upper side of the azimuth axis base portion 33 is the side adjacent to the branch portion 31B.
- the lower side of the azimuth axis base 33 is the side where the gantry base 13 exists.
- the upper cylindrical portion 33A is a cylinder having flanges at both ends.
- the upper flange of the upper cylindrical portion 33A is circular.
- the outer shape of the lower flange of the upper cylindrical portion 33A is an equilateral triangle.
- the center of gravity of the equilateral triangle and the central axis of the cylindrical portion of the upper cylindrical portion 33A coincide with the azimuth axis AZ.
- the upper and lower ends of the upper cylindrical portion 33A are closed like a flat plate.
- the upper cylindrical portion 33A is covered with a heat insulating material as a countermeasure against thermal expansion.
- the frame structure portion 33B is a member having a frame structure in which rod-like members are connected.
- the displacement meter 34 is provided between the branch portion 31B and the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the displacement meter 34 measures the amount of displacement of the branch portion 31B with respect to the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the displacement meter 34 is preferably an optical encoder as disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- Other types of rotary encoders and linear encoders, such as mechanical, magnetic, and electromagnetic induction, can be used. Instead of measuring one-dimensional displacement, a displacement measuring instrument that measures two-dimensional or three-dimensional displacement may be used.
- the framework structure 33B has an equilateral triangular outer shape when viewed from above.
- the three vertices of the triangle of the framework structure 33B are arranged just inside the circle of the cross section of the elevation shaft structure support 14.
- Three sides of the triangle of the framework structure 33B are arranged at angles of 15 degrees, 75 degrees, and 135 degrees with respect to the positive direction of the X-axis.
- the framework structure 33B has three bars fixed vertically to the gantry base 14 at the vertices of the triangle.
- the three vertical bars are connected by three bars provided horizontally at different height positions. There are three sets of three horizontal bars.
- the framework structure 33B also has three rods obliquely connecting the joints of the vertical and horizontal rods. Six rods extend obliquely from the highest horizontal rod and connect the triangular vertices at the lower end of the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the frame structure part 33B is made strong while being light in weight because the rods are connected so as to form a triangle.
- the displacement meter 34 is a linear encoder that measures a one-dimensional displacement amount.
- a linear encoder measures the amount of displacement of one object with respect to the other object.
- one object is provided with a scale with graduations, and the other object is provided with a sensor that reads the graduations of the scale.
- a linear encoder measures the amount of displacement between one object and the other by reading the graduations of the scale with a sensor.
- the displacement meter 34 has a scale section 34A and a sensor section 34B.
- the scale portion 34A has a scale, which is a bar-shaped member with graduations.
- the sensor section 34B has a ring member into which a rod-shaped member is inserted, and a sensor for reading the scale of the rod-shaped member. In the figure, the sensor is expressed by writing a circle on the lower side of the rod-like member. By inserting the rod-shaped member into the ring member, the rod-shaped member moves only in a determined direction.
- the scale member 34A is attached to the branch portion 31B, and the sensor portion 34B is attached to the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the scale member 34A may be attached to the upper cylindrical portion 33A, and the sensor portion 34B may be attached to the branch portion 31B.
- the member to which the scale member 34A is attached and the member to which the sensor section 34B is attached may be different for each displacement meter 34 .
- the metrology system 30 includes four displacement meters 34 in which rod-shaped members are arranged horizontally (perpendicular to the Z-axis), and four displacement meters 34 in which the rod-shaped members are arranged vertically (parallel to the Z-axis). ) and eight displacement measuring meters 34 arranged so as to be
- the displacement measuring instrument 34 in which the rod-shaped member is arranged horizontally is called a horizontally arranged displacement measuring instrument 34 .
- the displacement measuring instrument 34 arranged such that the rod-like member is vertical is called a vertically arranged displacement measuring instrument 34 .
- the four horizontally arranged displacement measuring meters 34 are arranged on the upper surface of the upper cylindrical portion 33A, two in the X-axis direction and two in the Y-axis direction.
- the eight vertically arranged displacement meters 34 have sensor portions 34B attached to the side surfaces of ribs provided at eight locations on the upper end flange of the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the eight ribs are provided at intervals of 45 degrees in the horizontal plane.
- a straight line connecting two opposing ribs includes a straight line parallel to the X-axis or the Y-axis.
- the amount of displacement of the branch portion 31B with respect to the upper cylindrical portion 33A is the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) due to translational motion of the center of gravity G 0 of the branch portion 31B and the amount of displacement due to rotational motion around the center of gravity G 0 ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ).
- the displacement amount ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) and the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) due to rotational motion around the center of gravity G 0 are calculated. It is the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) due to rotational motion that greatly affects the variation in the pointing direction of the telescope device 1 .
- the displacement meter 34 detects rotational displacement amounts ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) of the elevation axis base portion 31 including the branch portion 31B.
- the displacement amount ⁇ j measured by the horizontally arranged displacement measuring instrument 34 mainly includes the amount of displacement (0, 0, ⁇ Z ) due to rotational motion around the Z axis and the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , 0).
- the displacement amount ⁇ j measured by the vertically arranged displacement measuring instrument 34 is mainly the amount of displacement ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , 0) due to rotational motion around the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the amount due to translational motion in the Z-axis direction. It occurs with the amount of displacement (0, 0, ⁇ Z ).
- which of the displacement amount due to the rotational movement around the X axis or the Y axis is mainly measured by the displacement measuring instrument 34 changes.
- the displacement meter 34 detects the amount of displacement of the elevation axis base portion 31 including the branch portion 31B with respect to the azimuth axis base portion 33 including the upper cylindrical portion 33A.
- the azimuth axis base portion 33 is firmly fixed to the gantry base portion 13, and the gantry base portion 13 and the base portion 5 are firmly fixed to the structure. Therefore, the displacement measuring instrument 34 can measure the amount of displacement of the elevation axis EZ caused by temporary deformation of the primary mirror section 2, elevation axis structure 3, and azimuth mount 4 due to wind (wind pressure) or the like.
- the displacement meter 34 can detect temporary rotational displacement amounts ( ⁇ X , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) of the elevation axis base portion 31 due to wind (wind pressure) or the like.
- the displacement meter 34 is installed on the azimuth axis base 33 side of the branch 32B, and the elevation axis base 31 is provided along the elevation axis EL.
- X 1 , ⁇ Y , ⁇ Z ) the deviation of the pointing direction of the telescope device 1 can be detected.
- the azimuth mount 4 and base 5 are firmly fixed to the ground where the telescope device 1 is installed. Further, an azimuth axis base portion 33 is firmly fixed to the pedestal base portion 13 of the azimuth pedestal 4 .
- the azimuth axis base portion 33 is separated from the elevation axis structure support portion 14 and fixed to the gantry base portion 13 . Therefore, the position of the azimuth axis base 33 with respect to the ground is fixed.
- the elevation shaft structure support portion 14 accommodates the azimuth shaft base portion 33 therein, but the elevation shaft structure support portion 14 and the azimuth shaft base portion 33 are not connected. Therefore, the azimuth axis base portion 33 is not affected by displacement or deformation of the elevation axis structure support portion 14 .
- the elevation shaft base portion 31 is fixed to the elevation shaft structure support portion 14 .
- the displacement meter 34 is installed between the azimuth axis base 33 and the elevation axis base 31 . Therefore, the displacement measuring meter 34 can measure the amount of displacement of the elevation axis structure supporting portion 14 with respect to the ground.
- the elevation axis base 31 , the inclinometer 32 , the azimuth axis base 33 and the displacement meter 34 are housed inside the azimuth mount 4 .
- the azimuth mount 4 is a cover for the elevation axis base 31 , the inclinometer 32 , the azimuth axis base 33 and the displacement meter 34 . Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the inclinometer 32 and the displacement measuring instrument 34 can be maintained high.
- the elevation axis base portion 31 and the azimuth axis base portion 3 are not directly subjected to disturbance due to wind or the like. Therefore, the amount of displacement generated in the elevation axis EL becomes the amount of displacement generated in the elevation axis base portion 31 as it is.
- the inclinometer 32 and the displacement measuring instrument 34 are arranged in an environment with little temperature fluctuation. Therefore, the amount of displacement measured by the inclinometer 32 and the displacement measuring instrument 34 has less error due to temperature changes and the like.
- the inclinometer 32 Since the inclinometer 32 performs long-term monitoring of displacement due to heat and aging, it is possible to use one with a slower sampling cycle than the displacement measuring meter 34 .
- the displacement meter 34 performs short-term monitoring of displacement due to wind (wind pressure). Therefore, the sampling period of the displacement meter 34 is shorter than the sampling period of the inclinometer 32 .
- the metrology system and the telescope apparatus according to Embodiment 1 can measure the amount of displacement of the elevation axis base 31 to detect the deviation of the pointing direction of the primary mirror 6 .
- the pointing direction of the telescope is intended even in the presence of short-term varying displacement, for example by using the method disclosed in US Pat. can be directed.
- the error between the pointing direction command value and the direction in which the primary mirror actually points is grasped, and even a telescope that has an error in the pointing direction due to aging etc.
- the primary mirror can be directed in the specified pointing direction.
- the inclinometer 32 may be placed on the azimuth axis AZ between the pointing direction change center, which is the intersection of the azimuth axis AZ and the elevation axis EL, and the back surface of the primary mirror 6 .
- the telescope apparatus 1 of the offset type there is sufficient space between the elevation axis base 31 and the back surface of the primary mirror 6, and the inclinometer 32 can be easily arranged.
- an inclinometer is placed in the space between the base of the elevation axis and the back surface of the primary mirror.
- the upper cylindrical portion 33A of the azimuth axis base portion 33 and the elevation axis base portion 31 have a cylindrical shape, there is no directional dependence in expansion or contraction deformation due to temperature changes. Therefore, the upper cylindrical portion 33A and the elevation axis base portion 31 are not locally deformed, and the inclinometer 32 and the displacement measurement system 34 can accurately measure the displacement amount of the elevation axis EL.
- the displacement measuring instrument 34 instead of the inclinometer 32 to monitor the displacement due to heat or aging over the long term.
- the azimuth axis base 33 is fixed to a base separate from the telescope device 1 .
- the elevation axis base portion 31 and the azimuth axis base portion 33 are manufactured from a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient such as an Invar alloy. Since the inclinometer 32 measures the direction of gravity, the inclination angle of the installed member can be measured wherever it is installed. Therefore, the above-described countermeasures necessary for long-term monitoring of displacement due to heat or aging with the displacement measuring instrument 34 are not required.
- the metrology system may be equipped with only the inclinometer 32 without the displacement meter 34.
- the elevation axis base does not have bifurcation 31B.
- the elevation axis base is provided along the elevation axis through a position where the elevation axis EL and the azimuth axis AZ intersect.
- a metrology system with only an inclinometer 32 can measure long-term displacement of the elevation axis EL to compensate for errors in the pointing direction of the telescope due to aging or the like.
- a metrology system with an inclinometer 32, with or without a displacement meter 34 is applicable to any telescope device that allows the elevation axis base to be located at a position along the elevation axis EL.
- a displacement meter 34 for measuring a plurality of one-dimensional displacement amounts a displacement meter capable of measuring two-dimensional or three-dimensional displacement amounts may be used.
- the number of displacement measurement systems can be reduced by using a displacement measuring instrument capable of measuring two-dimensional or three-dimensional displacement.
- a displacement measuring instrument capable of measuring two-dimensional or three-dimensional displacement is appropriately arranged in consideration of the displacement to be measured.
- a metrology system according to the present disclosure includes not only a telescope, but also a primary mirror, a primary mirror having a primary mirror support that supports the primary mirror, and a primary mirror that supports the primary mirror and is the direction in which the primary mirror faces.
- An elevation axis structure rotatable around an elevation axis that changes the elevation angle of the pointing direction, and an elevation axis that is rotatable around the azimuth axis that changes the azimuth angle of the pointing direction and is rotatable around the elevation axis It can be applied to a primary mirror holding device having an azimuth mount for supporting a structure and a base for supporting the azimuth mount rotatably around the azimuth axis.
- a metrology system can measure the displacement of the primary mirror holder structure, particularly about the elevation axis.
- the primary mirror holding device can also be applied to an antenna device or the like.
- 1 telescope device primary mirror holding device
- 2 primary mirror 3 elevation axis structure
- 4 azimuth mount 5 base
- 6 primary mirror 7 primary mirror support
- 8 secondary mirror 9 secondary mirror support
- 10 bearing 11 counterweight
- 12 elevation shaft member 13 cradle base
- 14 elevation axis structure support 15 working scaffolds
- 30 metrology system 31 elevation axis base, 31A main body (reference pole), 31B branch, 32 Inclinometer, 33 azimuth axis base, 33A upper cylindrical part (metrology pole), 33B Frame Structure (Metrology Tower) 34 displacement meter 34A scale member, 34B sensor section.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1に係るメトロロジーシステムおよび望遠鏡装置について、図1から図6を用いて説明する。実施の形態1に係るメトロロジーシステムは、望遠鏡装置1の構造に関する変位量を測定するものである。望遠鏡装置1は、光あるいは電波を反射する主鏡を有する主鏡保有装置である。光学望遠鏡装置、電波望遠鏡装置、通信やレーダなどで使用されるアンテナ装置など、光あるいは電波を反射する主鏡を有する主鏡保有装置に、本開示に係るメトロロジ―システムは適用できる。また、本開示は、メトロロジ―システムを有する主鏡保有装置を対象とするものである。この明細書では、主鏡保有装置が望遠鏡装置である場合で説明する。
これに対して、通常の主鏡は、放物面の回転軸RTが中心を通るように鏡面を円形に切り出す。通常の主鏡は、円形形状の中心と回転軸RTとが一致している。そのため、通常の主鏡は、軸対称な鏡面を有する。通常の主鏡では、回転軸RTを含む断面での断面形状は、切断面がどこであっても左右対称になる。通常の主鏡を有する望遠鏡装置を、軸対称型の望遠鏡装置とよぶ。
2 主鏡部、
3 仰角軸構造体、
4 方位角架台、
5 基礎部、
6 主鏡、
7 主鏡支持部、
8 副鏡、
9 副鏡支持部、
10 軸受部、
11 カウンタウエイト、
12 仰角軸部材、
13 架台基部、
14 仰角軸構造体支持部、
15 作業用足場、
30 メトロロジ―システム、
31 仰角軸基部、
31A 本体部(参照ポール部)、
31B 分岐部、
32 傾斜計、
33 方位角軸基部、
33A 上部円筒部(メトロロジーポール)、
33B 骨組構造部(メトロロジータワー)
34 変位計測計
34A スケール部材、
34B センサ部。
Claims (20)
- 主鏡と、前記主鏡を支持する主鏡支持部とを有する主鏡部と、
前記主鏡部を支持し、前記主鏡が向く方向である指向方向の仰角を変更する仰角軸の回りに回転可能な仰角軸構造体と、
前記指向方向の方位角を変更する方位角軸の回りに回転可能であり、前記仰角軸の回りに回転可能に前記仰角軸構造体を支持する方位角架台と、
前記方位角架台を前記方位角軸の回りに回転可能に支持する基礎部とを有する主鏡保有装置の構造に関する変位量を測定するメトロロジーシステムにおいて、
前記仰角軸と前記方位角軸が交差する位置を通り、かつ前記仰角軸に沿って設けられ、前記方位角架台に固定された仰角軸基部と、
前記仰角軸基部の前記方位角軸が通る位置に配置されて、前記仰角軸基部の傾斜角度を計測する傾斜計とを備えたメトロロジーシステム。 - 前記仰角軸基部の前記仰角軸に沿う部分は円筒状の形状であり、
前記仰角軸基部の円筒の中心軸は前記仰角軸と一致している、請求項1に記載のメトロロジーシステム。 - 前記方位角架台は、前記基礎部に支持される架台基部と、前記架台基部の上側に設けられて前記仰角軸構造体を支持し、前記仰角軸基部が固定された仰角軸構造体支持部とを有し、
前記仰角軸基部は、前記仰角軸に沿う本体部と、前記本体部の下方に延在する分岐部とを有し、
前記仰角軸構造体支持部とは分離して設けられ、下端が前記架台基部に固定された方位角軸基部と、
前記分岐部と前記方位角軸基部との間に設けられて、前記分岐部の前記方位角軸基部に対する変位量を計測する変位計測計とを備えた、請求項1または請求項2に記載のメトロロジーシステム。 - 前記本体部および前記分岐部は円筒状であり、
前記方位角軸基部は、前記分岐部に隣接する側に円筒状の上部円筒部を有し、
前記本体部の円筒の中心軸は前記仰角軸と一致しており、
前記分岐部の円筒の中心軸は前記方位角軸と一致しており、
前記上部円筒部の中心軸は前記方位角軸と一致している、請求項3に記載のメトロロジーシステム。 - 前記仰角軸基部、前記方位角軸基部、前記傾斜計および前記変位計測計は、前記方位角架台の内部に収納される、請求項3または請求項4に記載のメトロロジーシステム。
- 前記変位計測計は、前記方位角軸に平行なZ軸、前記Z軸と直交するX軸、前記X軸および前記Z軸と直交するY軸における前記分岐部の変位量を計測するものである、請求項3から請求項5の何れか1項に記載のメトロロジーシステム。
- 前記変位計測計のサンプリング周期は、前記傾斜計のサンプリング周期よりも短い、請求項3から請求項6の何れか1項に記載のメトロロジーシステム。
- 前記方位角軸基部は、前記架台基部が存在する側に棒状部材を接続した骨組構造部を有する、請求項3から請求項7の何れか1項に記載のメトロロジーシステム。
- 請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のメトロロジーシステムと、
前記主鏡部と、前記仰角軸構造体と、前記方位角架台と、前記基礎部とを備えた主鏡保有装置。 - 前記主鏡部は、前記主鏡の焦点に配置された副鏡と、前記副鏡を支持する副鏡支持部とをさらに有する、請求項9に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記主鏡は回転放射面である放物面鏡であり、前記回転放射面の回転軸と前記仰角軸とはねじれの位置にある、請求項10に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 回転放射面である放物面鏡であり、前記回転放射面の回転軸が指向方向の仰角を変更する仰角軸に対してねじれの位置にある主鏡と、前記主鏡を支持する主鏡支持部とを有する主鏡部と、
前記主鏡部を支持し、前記仰角軸の回りに回転可能な仰角軸構造体と、
前記指向方向の方位角を変更する方位角軸の回りに回転可能であり、前記仰角軸の回りに回転可能に前記仰角軸構造体を支持する方位角架台と、
前記方位角架台を前記方位角軸の回りに回転可能に支持する基礎部と、
前記仰角軸と前記方位角軸が交差する位置を通り、かつ前記仰角軸に沿って設けられ、前記方位角架台に固定された仰角軸基部と、
前記仰角軸基部の前記方位角軸が通る位置に配置されて、前記仰角軸基部の傾斜角度を計測する傾斜計とを備えた主鏡保有装置。 - 前記仰角軸基部の前記仰角軸に沿う部分は円筒状の形状である、請求項12に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記方位角架台は、前記基礎部に支持される架台基部と、前記架台基部の上側に設けられて前記仰角軸構造体を支持し、前記仰角軸基部が固定された仰角軸構造体支持部とを有し、
前記仰角軸基部は、前記仰角軸に沿う本体部と、前記本体部の下方に延在する分岐部とを有し、
前記仰角軸構造体支持部とは分離して設けられ、下端が前記架台基部に固定された方位角軸基部と、
前記分岐部と前記方位角軸基部との間に設けられて、前記分岐部の前記方位角軸基部に対する変位量を計測する変位計測計とを備えた、請求項12または請求項13に記載の主鏡保有装置。 - 前記本体部および前記分岐部は円筒状であり、
前記方位角軸基部は、前記分岐部に隣接する側に円筒状の上部円筒部を有し、
前記本体部の円筒の中心軸は前記仰角軸と一致しており、
前記分岐部の円筒の中心軸は前記方位角軸と一致しており、
前記上部円筒部の中心軸は前記方位角軸と一致している、請求項14に記載の主鏡保有装置。 - 前記仰角軸基部、前記方位角軸基部、前記傾斜計および前記変位計測計は、前記方位角架台の内部に収納される、請求項14または請求項15に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記変位計測計は、前記方位角軸に平行なZ軸、前記Z軸と直交するX軸、前記X軸および前記Z軸と直交するY軸における前記分岐部の変位量を計測するものである、請求項14から請求項16の何れか1項に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記変位計測計のサンプリング周期は、前記傾斜計のサンプリング周期よりも短い、請求項14から請求項17の何れか1項に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記方位角軸基部は、前記架台基部が存在する側に棒状部材を接続した骨組構造部を有する、請求項14から請求項18の何れか1項に記載の主鏡保有装置。
- 前記主鏡部は、前記主鏡の焦点に配置された副鏡と、前記副鏡を支持する副鏡支持部とをさらに有する、請求項14から請求項19の何れか1項に記載の主鏡保有装置。
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US4475110A (en) * | 1982-01-13 | 1984-10-02 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Bearing structure for antenna |
JP2005070408A (ja) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 望遠鏡装置 |
JP2007129463A (ja) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 望遠鏡システム |
JP2013243655A (ja) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アンテナ装置、アンテナ座標情報算出方法、方位情報算出方法及びヘディング角算出方法 |
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JP4591526B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2010-12-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | アンテナ装置 |
WO2019006012A1 (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | Sea Tel, Inc. (Dba Cobham Satcom) | PURSING ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH A THREE-AXIS MODULAR BASE |
US10697755B1 (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-06-30 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Calibration of rotating mirror systems |
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US4475110A (en) * | 1982-01-13 | 1984-10-02 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Bearing structure for antenna |
JP2005070408A (ja) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 望遠鏡装置 |
JP2007129463A (ja) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 望遠鏡システム |
JP2013243655A (ja) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-12-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アンテナ装置、アンテナ座標情報算出方法、方位情報算出方法及びヘディング角算出方法 |
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