WO2022201286A1 - 血管モデル - Google Patents
血管モデル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201286A1 WO2022201286A1 PCT/JP2021/011873 JP2021011873W WO2022201286A1 WO 2022201286 A1 WO2022201286 A1 WO 2022201286A1 JP 2021011873 W JP2021011873 W JP 2021011873W WO 2022201286 A1 WO2022201286 A1 WO 2022201286A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tube body
- blood vessel
- tube
- vessel model
- acoustic impedance
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
- G09B23/303—Anatomical models specially adapted to simulate circulation of bodily fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blood vessel model.
- Patent Literatures 1 to 4 disclose biological models and simulated blood vessels that enable operators such as doctors to simulate procedures using these medical devices.
- a blood vessel image using an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus (hereinafter referred to as "ultra A sonar image) is acquired.
- the vascular wall generally has a three-layer structure of intima, media, and adventitia from the inside to the outside.
- the intima, media, and adventitia appear visually distinguishable on the ultrasonic image.
- the techniques described in Patent Literatures 1 and 2 have a problem that although they have layers corresponding to the adventitia and media of blood vessels, these layers cannot be identified on an ultrasonic image.
- no consideration is given to providing a layer corresponding to the adventitia or the media of the blood vessel.
- the present invention has been made to solve at least part of the above problems, and can be implemented as the following forms.
- a blood vessel model includes a hollow tube-shaped first tube body and a hollow tube-shaped second tube body that covers the inner peripheral surface of the first tube body, and the acoustic impedance of the first tube body is , greater than the acoustic impedance of the second tubular body.
- the blood vessel model includes the first tube body and the second tube body, and the acoustic impedance of the first tube body is greater than the acoustic impedance of the second tube body. Therefore, in the ultrasonic image obtained by the ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus, the image of the first tube can be made brighter (whitish) than the image of the second tube. As a result, it is possible to provide a blood vessel model in which an ultrasound image resembles an actual living body.
- the first tube body and the second tube body each contain a polymeric material and fine particles having an acoustic impedance greater than that of the polymeric material, and the The concentration of microparticles contained in the first tubular body may be higher than the concentration of microparticles contained in the second tubular body. According to this configuration, by making the concentration of fine particles contained in the first tube body higher than the concentration of fine particles contained in the second tube body, the acoustic impedance of the first tube body can be easily changed to that of the second tube body. It can be greater than the acoustic impedance.
- the first tube body and the second tube body each contain a polymeric material and fine particles having an acoustic impedance greater than that of the polymeric material, and the The type of microparticles contained in the first tube body is different from the type of microparticles contained in the second tube body, and the microparticles contained in the first tube body are more numerous than the microparticles contained in the second tube body. may also have high hardness. According to this configuration, by making the fine particles contained in the first tube body harder than the fine particles contained in the second tube body, the acoustic impedance of the first tube body can be easily changed to that of the second tube body. It can be greater than the acoustic impedance of the body.
- the particle diameter of the microparticles contained in the first tube body and the particle diameter of the microparticles contained in the second tube body are both 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. may be within the range of According to this configuration, both the particle diameter of the fine particles contained in the first tube body and the particle diameter of the fine particles contained in the second tube body are within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. , it is easy to disperse the fine particles in the polymer material solution when fabricating the first and second tube bodies.
- the first tube body and the second tube body are each made of a polymer material, and the acoustic impedance of the polymer material that constitutes the first tube body is It may be higher than the acoustic impedance of the polymeric material forming the second tubular body.
- the acoustic impedance of the first tube can be easily reduced.
- the impedance can be greater than the acoustic impedance of the second tubular body.
- the first tube body and the second tube body are each made of a polymer material, and the hardness of the first tube body is the hardness of the second tube body. may be higher than According to this configuration, by making the hardness of the first tube body higher than the hardness of the second tube body, the acoustic impedance of the first tube body can be easily made larger than the acoustic impedance of the second tube body. be able to.
- the blood vessel model of the above aspect further includes a hollow tube-shaped third tube body covering the inner peripheral surface of the second tube body, wherein the acoustic impedance of the third tube body is equal to that of the first tube body. and may be greater than the acoustic impedance of the second tubular body.
- the blood vessel model can have a three-layer structure similar to that of an actual human blood vessel.
- the acoustic impedance of the third tube is equal to or less than the acoustic impedance of the first tube and greater than the acoustic impedance of the second tube.
- the image of the third tube has a lower luminance (blackish) than the image of the first tube, or an image equivalent to that of the first tube. can be an image.
- the image of the third tube body can be an image with higher brightness (whitish) than the image of the second tube body.
- the present invention can be implemented in various aspects. It can be realized in the form of a human body simulation device including a model, a control method of the human body simulation device, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation device
- FIG. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the blood vessel model taken along line AA (FIG. 2). It is a figure explaining the preparation method of a blood vessel model.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an ultrasonic image obtained by an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model according to the second embodiment; It is the figure which illustrated about the method of changing an acoustic impedance.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the blood vessel model taken along line AA (FIG. 2). It is a figure explaining the preparation method of a blood vessel model.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model according to a third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation device 100.
- the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100 of this embodiment is an apparatus used for simulating treatment or examination procedures for blood vessels using a medical device.
- the medical device may be a general device for minimally invasive treatment or examination, such as a catheter, a delivery guide wire, and a plasma guide wire that cuts living tissue by streamer discharge.
- a blood vessel simulation device 100 includes a blood vessel model 1 , an outer tissue model 3 , and a circulation pump 9 .
- the axis O (one-dot chain line) represents the axis passing through the centers of the blood vessel model 1 and the outer tissue model 3.
- both the axis passing through the center of the blood vessel model 1 and the axis passing through the center of the outer tissue model 3 coincide with the axis O.
- the axes passing through the respective centers of the blood vessel model 1 and the outer tissue model 3 may be different from the axis O, respectively.
- FIG. 1 and subsequent figures include portions in which relative ratios of sizes of respective constituent members are described so as to be different from the actual ones. In addition, it includes a portion exaggeratedly describing a part of each constituent member.
- Blood vessel model 1 is a model that simulates human blood vessels.
- the blood vessel model 1 has a long, substantially cylindrical shape with openings 1a and 1b at both ends.
- human muscle, fat, skin, etc. are applied so as to surround at least a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the blood vessel model 1 (in the illustrated example, the central portion of the blood vessel model 1 excluding both ends).
- a simulated outer tissue model 3 is placed.
- the outer tissue model 3 is made of a soft synthetic resin (for example, polyvinyl alcohol: PVA, silicon, etc.).
- the circulation pump 9 is, for example, a non-positive displacement centrifugal pump.
- the circulation pump 9 is provided in the middle of the channel connecting the openings 1a and 1b of the blood vessel model 1, circulates the fluid discharged from the opening 1b, and supplies the fluid to the opening 1a.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates XYZ axes that are orthogonal to each other.
- the X axis corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the blood vessel model 1
- the Y axis corresponds to the height direction of the blood vessel model 1
- the Z axis corresponds to the width direction of the blood vessel model 1 .
- the distal side is the side far from the insertion site of the medical device (distal side) when the antegrade approach is adopted.
- the proximal side is the proximal side from the insertion site of the medical device when an antegrade approach is taken.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the blood vessel model 1 taken along line AA (FIG. 2).
- a blood vessel model 1 includes a first tube body 10 , a second tube body 20 and a third tube body 30 .
- the first tube body 10 is arranged on the outermost side of the blood vessel model 1 and simulates the adventitia of human blood vessels.
- the first tube body 10 has a hollow tubular shape, specifically a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the second tube body 20 is located inside the first tube body 10 and outside the third tube body 30 in the blood vessel model 1 (in other words, between the first tube body 10 and the second tube body 20). and mimics the media of human blood vessels.
- the second tube body 20 has a hollow tubular shape, specifically a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the second tube body 20 covers the inner peripheral surface of the first tube body 10, and the inner peripheral face of the first tube body 10 and the outer peripheral face of the second tube body 20 are in contact with each other.
- the third tube body 30 is arranged on the innermost side of the blood vessel model 1 and simulates the intima of human blood vessels. Like the first tube body 10, the third tube body 30 has a hollow tube shape, specifically a substantially cylindrical shape. The third tube body 30 covers the inner peripheral surface of the second tube body 20, and the inner peripheral face of the second tube body 20 and the outer peripheral face of the third tube body 30 are in contact with each other.
- the thickness T10 of the first tube body 10, the thickness T20 of the second tube body 20, and the thickness T30 of the third tube body 30 are the same.
- the thicknesses T10, T20, T30 may be different.
- the thickness T20 of the second tube body 20 corresponding to the media may be changed to the thickness T10 of the first tube body 10 corresponding to the adventitia or the third thickness T10 corresponding to the intima. It may be thicker than the thickness T30 of the tube body 30 .
- the thicknesses of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 at arbitrary portions in arbitrary cross sections can be used.
- the first tube body 10, the second tube body 20, and the third tube body 30 are all made of polymer material containing fine particles.
- PVA is used as the polymer material for all of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 of the present embodiment.
- polymer microparticles are used as the microparticles.
- the fine particles metal fine particles and glass fine particles may be employed in addition to the polymer fine particles.
- gelatin, urethane, silicon, and the like may be used as the polymer material.
- the particle concentration A contained in the first tube body 10 is higher than the particle concentration B contained in the second tube body 20, and the particle concentration C contained in the third tube body 30 This is the above (A>B, A ⁇ C).
- the particle concentration C of the third tube body 30 is higher than the particle concentration B of the second tube body 20 (C>B). That is, the particle concentrations A, B, and C of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 are in the relationship of "particle concentration A ⁇ particle concentration C>particle concentration B".
- the particle diameters of the fine particles contained in the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 are all preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less. Further, it is more preferable that the particle diameters of the fine particles contained in the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 are all within the range of 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. If the particle diameter is in the range of 20 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, the images of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 in the ultrasonic image obtained by the ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus are the actual human blood vessels. You can make it look more like an image.
- the particle diameter of the fine particles is determined by heating the first tube body 10 to evaporate the PVA gel and then observing the first tube body 10 with a microscope. An average value of particle diameters of a plurality of fine particles contained in can be used. The particle diameters of the second tube body 20 and the third tube body 30 can also be determined in a similar manner.
- Acoustic impedance is a numerical value that expresses the ease with which sound propagates, and is expressed by the density of the medium x the speed of sound.
- polymer microparticles have a higher acoustic impedance than PVA.
- the fine particle concentrations A, B, and C of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 have the relationships described above. Therefore, the acoustic impedance A of the first tube body 10 is greater than the acoustic impedance B of the second tube body 20 and greater than or equal to the acoustic impedance C of the third tube body 30 (A>B, A ⁇ C). .
- the acoustic impedance C of the third tube body 30 is larger than the acoustic impedance B of the second tube body 20 (C>B). That is, the acoustic impedances A, B, and C of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 have a relationship of "acoustic impedance A ⁇ acoustic impedance C>acoustic impedance B".
- the acoustic impedances of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 are obtained, for example, by measuring the surface impedance (sound pressure/acoustic particle velocity) of the surface of the medium to obtain the sound absorption coefficient of the medium (surface impedance method). It can be measured by the measuring equipment used. Acoustic impedance is proportional to reflection intensity. For this reason, the reflection intensity of ultrasonic waves on each surface of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 may be measured, and the reflection intensity may be regarded as the acoustic impedance of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 .
- FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining a method for producing the blood vessel model 1.
- FIG. The blood vessel model 1 can be produced, for example, by the following procedures a1 to a7. Note that FIG. 4 shows the state of step a6.
- a solution for the third tube body 30 is prepared by dispersing polymer fine particles adjusted to the fine particle concentration C in the container 4 with respect to the PVA gel.
- (a2) After soaking the cylindrical core 5 in the solution of step a1, it is taken out and dried to form the third tube body 30 around the core 5 .
- a solution for the second tube body 20 is prepared by dispersing polymer fine particles adjusted to the fine particle concentration B in the container 4 with respect to the PVA gel.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining an ultrasonic image obtained by an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus.
- An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus has an ultrasonic sensor that transmits ultrasonic waves toward living tissue and receives ultrasonic waves that are reflected after propagating through the living tissue (reflected waves).
- a two-dimensional image (hereinafter also referred to as an “ultrasound image”) with gradation of densities according to is generated.
- An ultrasonic sensor is also called an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic transducer, a piezoelectric body, an ultrasonic transmitting/receiving element, or an ultrasonic element.
- Ultrasound diagnostic imaging equipment includes, for example, IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound) equipment that emits ultrasonic waves from the inside of a biological lumen toward the body surface to acquire an ultrasonic image, and equipment that transmits ultrasonic waves from the body surface to the inside of the biological lumen. and devices that emit ultrasound waves toward and acquire ultrasound images.
- FIG. 5A shows ultrasonic waves UW emitted from an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus such as IVUS and reflected waves RW from the blood vessel model 1 .
- the intensity of the reflected wave becomes high at the interface where the acoustic impedance changes abruptly.
- the acoustic impedances A, B, and C of the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 have the relationship of "acoustic impedance A ⁇ acoustic impedance C>acoustic impedance B". It has a structure in which the second tube body 20 is sandwiched between the first tube body 10 and the third tube body 30 having relatively high acoustic impedance. Therefore, in the case of the blood vessel model 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. , the interface between the second tube body 20 and the first tube body 10 and the interface between the first tube body 10 and the outside, a relatively strong reflected wave RW is generated.
- FIG. 5(B) shows an example of an ultrasound image IM.
- the ultrasonic image IM obtained by the ultrasonic imaging apparatus includes the first to third tube bodies 10 to 30 of the blood vessel model 1. appear in layers.
- the images of the first tube body 10 and the third tube body 30, which have relatively high acoustic impedance, have higher brightness than the image of the second tube body 20. A high (whitish) image is obtained.
- the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment includes the first tube body 10 and the second tube body 20, and the acoustic impedance A of the first tube body 10 is equal to the acoustic impedance A of the second tube body 20. Greater than impedance B. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, in the ultrasonic image IM obtained by the ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus, the image of the first tube body 10 has a higher brightness than the image of the second tube body 20 ( whitish) image. As a result, it is possible to provide a blood vessel model 1 in which the ultrasound image IM resembles an actual living body.
- the blood vessel model 1 of the first embodiment includes the hollow tube-shaped third tube body 30 that covers the inner peripheral surface of the second tube body 20, the blood vessel model 1 is similar to an actual human blood vessel. It can have a three-layer structure. Also, the acoustic impedance C of the third tube body 30 is equal to or less than the acoustic impedance A of the first tube body 10 and greater than the acoustic impedance B of the second tube body 20 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, in the ultrasonic image IM obtained by the ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus, the image of the third tube body 30 has a lower brightness than the image of the first tube body 10 ( dark) image, or an image equivalent to the first tube body 10 .
- the image of the third tube body 30 can be an image with higher brightness (whitish) than the image of the second tube body 20 .
- the blood vessel model 1 that makes the ultrasound image IM more similar to the actual living body.
- the first tube body 10 by making the microparticle concentration A contained in the first tube body 10 higher than the microparticle concentration B contained in the second tube body 20, the first tube body The acoustic impedance A of 10 can be greater than the acoustic impedance B of the second tubular body 20 .
- the particle diameter of the microparticles contained in the first tube body 10 and the particle diameter of the microparticles contained in the second tube body 20 are both within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, It is easy to disperse the fine particles in the polymer material solution when producing the first and second tube bodies.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment.
- a blood vessel simulation apparatus 100A of the second embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1A instead of the blood vessel model 1.
- a third tube body 30A is provided instead of the body 30.
- the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A have the same shape and arrangement as in the first embodiment, and the same acoustic impedance A to C magnitude relationship as in the first embodiment. has impedance B.
- a method different from the method described in the first embodiment is used to change the acoustic impedances A to C of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A so that the above magnitude relationship and do.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a method of changing acoustic impedance.
- the "Example 1" column in FIG. 7 lists the method described in the first embodiment (that is, the method of changing the acoustic impedances A to C by changing the fine particle concentrations A to C).
- the acoustic impedances A to C of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A are changed by any of the methods shown in the "Example 2", “Example 3", and “Example 4" columns. , and the above magnitude relationship. Hereinafter, they will be described in order.
- polymeric materials that constitute the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A are changed.
- Polymer material A (for example, PVA) is used for the first tube body 10A.
- Polymer material B (for example, silicon) is used for the second tube body 20A.
- Polymer material C (for example, PVA) is used for the third tube body 30A.
- the polymeric materials A, B, and C are arbitrary materials such as PVA, gelatin, urethane, and silicone, as long as the acoustic impedance of each material satisfies the relationship of "polymeric material A ⁇ polymeric material C>polymeric material B". material can be used. Acoustic impedance can be obtained by the same method as in the first embodiment.
- the same polymeric material A and polymeric material C may be used.
- the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A may or may not contain fine particles.
- any of polymer microparticles, metal microparticles, glass microparticles, and the like can be used.
- the amount of fine particles contained in the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A may be the same, or may be different within a range that does not affect the magnitude relationship of the acoustic impedances AC.
- Example 2 by making the acoustic impedance of the polymeric material A constituting the first tubular body 10A higher than the acoustic impedance of the polymeric material B constituting the second tubular body 20A, the first The acoustic impedance A of the tube body 10A can be made larger than the acoustic impedance B of the second tube body 20A.
- the third tube body 30A The same applies to the third tube body 30A.
- the hardness of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A is changed. Specifically, "hardness A of the first tube body 10A ⁇ hardness C of the third tube body 30A>hardness B of the second tube body 20A". Hardnesses A, B, and C may be realized by changing the types of polymer materials that constitute the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A. Moreover, it may be realized by changing the concentration of the polymer material constituting the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A. Further, when the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A are produced (FIG. 4), it may be realized by adding an additive for changing hardness to the polymer material. The first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A may or may not contain any fine particles.
- Example 3 by making the hardness A of the first tube body 10A higher than the hardness B of the second tube body 20A, the acoustic impedance A of the first tube body 10A can be easily changed to that of the second tube body A can be greater than the acoustic impedance B of The same applies to the third tube body 30A.
- Microparticles A for example, metal microparticles
- Microparticles B for example, polymer microparticles
- Microparticles C for example, glass microparticles
- Fine particles A, B, and C can be arbitrary fine particles such as polymer fine particles, metal fine particles, and glass fine particles, as long as the hardness of each fine particle satisfies the relationship of "fine particle A ⁇ fine particle C>fine particle B".
- the hardness of the microparticles A to C can be an average value of the hardness of a plurality of microparticles included in a predetermined unit area.
- Any material such as PVA, gelatin, urethane, and silicon can be used as the polymer material that is the main material of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A.
- the same polymer material or different polymer materials may be used for the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A within a range that does not affect the magnitude relationship of the acoustic impedances A to C. .
- Example 4 by making the microparticles A contained in the first tube body 10A harder than the microparticles B contained in the second tube body 20A, the acoustic impedance of the first tube body 10A can be easily changed to A can be greater than the acoustic impedance B of the second tubular body 20A. The same applies to the third tube body 30A.
- the acoustic impedances A to C of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A may be changed using a method different from the method described in the first embodiment.
- Examples 2 to 4 exemplify the method of changing the acoustic impedances A to C, but it is also possible to change the acoustic impedances A to C of the first to third tube bodies 10A to 30A by methods other than those described above. be.
- a blood vessel model 1A of the second embodiment effects similar to those of the above-described first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of the blood vessel model 1B of the third embodiment.
- a blood vessel simulation apparatus 100B of the second embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1B instead of the blood vessel model 1.
- FIG. The blood vessel model 1B does not have the third tube body 30 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
- the blood vessel model 1B may have a two-layer structure of the first tubular body 10 corresponding to the adventitia and the second tubular body 20 corresponding to the media.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the cross-sectional configuration of a blood vessel model 1C of the fourth embodiment.
- a blood vessel simulation apparatus 100C of the third embodiment includes a blood vessel model 1C instead of the blood vessel model 1.
- FIG. The blood vessel model 1C does not have the first tube body 10 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
- the blood vessel model 1C may have a two-layer structure of the second tubular body 20 corresponding to the media and the third tubular body 30 corresponding to the intima.
- the same effects as those of the above-described first embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a blood vessel simulation device 100D according to the fifth embodiment.
- the blood vessel simulation device 100D does not include the outer tissue model 3 and the circulation pump 9 in the configuration described in the first embodiment.
- the blood vessel model 1 of the blood vessel simulation device 100D may be used after being moistened with a fluid (for example, simulated blood such as physiological saline), or may be used in a dry state.
- the blood vessel simulation device 100D includes, for example, a water tank that can be filled with fluid, and the blood vessel model 1 may be used while placed in the water tank filled with fluid.
- a blood vessel simulation apparatus 100D according to the fifth embodiment can also achieve the same effects as those of the above-described first embodiment.
- the configuration of the blood vessel simulation device 100 can be modified in various ways.
- the blood vessel simulation device 100 may have an organ model imitating an organ such as the heart, liver, and brain.
- the blood vessel model 1 may be provided outside or inside the organ model.
- the blood vessel simulation apparatus 100 may include a pulsation pump for applying motion simulating pulsation to the fluid circulated by the circulation pump 9 .
- the pulsating pump can be, for example, a positive displacement reciprocating pump or a slow-rotating rotary pump.
- the configuration of the blood vessel model 1 can be modified in various ways.
- the blood vessel part 10 may have any shape such as a curved shape, a meandering shape, or the like, in addition to a straight shape.
- the blood vessel part 10 may be coated with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic resin.
- the lumen 1L of the blood vessel model 1 may be provided with a lesion that simulates a human lesion.
- Reference Signs List 1, 1A to 1C ... blood vessel model 1L... lumen 1a... opening 1b... opening 3... outer tissue model 4... container 5... core material 9... circulation pump 10, 10A... first tube body 20, 20A... second tube body 30, 30A... Third tube body 100, 100A to 100D... Blood vessel simulation device
Abstract
Description
この構成によれば、第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子濃度を、第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子濃度よりも高くすることで、簡単に、第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンスを、第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きくすることができる。
この構成によれば、第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子を、第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子よりも硬度が高い微粒子とすることで、簡単に、第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンスを、第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きくすることができる。
この構成によれば、第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の粒子径と、第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の粒子径は、いずれも、0.1μm以上、かつ、500μm以下の範囲内であるため、第1及び第2チューブ体を作製する際に、高分子材料溶液内に微粒子を分散させやすい。
この構成によれば、第1チューブ体を構成する高分子材料の音響インピーダンスを、第2チューブ体を構成する高分子材料の音響インピーダンスよりも高くすることで、簡単に、第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンスを、第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きくすることができる。
この構成によれば、第1チューブ体の硬度を、第2チューブ体の硬度よりも高くすることで、簡単に、第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンスを、第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きくすることができる。
この構成によれば、第2チューブ体の内周面を覆う中空管形状の第3チューブ体を備えるため、血管モデルを、実際のヒトの血管と同様の3層構造とできる。また、第3チューブ体の音響インピーダンスは、第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンス以下であり、かつ、第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きい。このため、超音波画像診断装置により得られる超音波画像において、第3チューブ体の像を、第1チューブ体の像と比べて輝度が低い(黒っぽい)像、または、第1チューブ体と同等の像とできる。また、第3チューブ体の像を、第2チューブ体の像と比べて輝度が高い(白っぽい)像とできる。この結果、超音波画像を、より一層実際の生体に似せた血管モデルを提供することができる。
図1は、血管シミュレーション装置100の概略構成を例示した説明図である。本実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100は、血管に対する、医療用デバイスを用いた治療または検査の手技を模擬するために使用される装置である。医療用デバイスには、医療用デバイスには、カテーテル、デリバリ用ガイドワイヤ、ストリーマ放電によって生体組織を切断するプラズマガイドワイヤ等の、低侵襲な治療または検査のためのデバイス全般が用いられてもよい。血管シミュレーション装置100は、血管モデル1と、外側組織モデル3と、循環ポンプ9とを備えている。
(a1)容器4の中に、PVAゲルに対して、微粒子濃度Cとなるように分量を調整したポリマー微粒子を分散させて、第3チューブ体30用の溶液を作成する。
(a2)円筒状の芯材5を、手順a1の溶液に浸した後、取り出して乾燥させ、芯材5の周囲に第3チューブ体30を形成する。
(a3)容器4の中に、PVAゲルに対して、微粒子濃度Bとなるように分量を調整したポリマー微粒子を分散させて、第2チューブ体20用の溶液を作成する。
(a4)手順a2で得られた芯材5を、手順a3の溶液に浸した後、取り出して乾燥させ、第3チューブ体30の周囲に第2チューブ体20を形成する。
(a5)容器4の中に、PVAゲルに対して、微粒子濃度Aとなるように分量を調整したポリマー微粒子を分散させて、第1チューブ体10用の溶液10liを作成する。
(a6)手順a4で得られた芯材5を、手順a5の溶液に浸した後、取り出して乾燥させ、第2チューブ体20の周囲に第1チューブ体10を形成する。
(a7)芯材5を取り外し、両端(図4の上端と下端)をカットして、血管モデル1を得る。
図6は、第2実施形態の血管モデル1Aの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第2実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100Aは、血管モデル1に代えて血管モデル1Aを備える。血管モデル1Aは、第1実施形態で説明した構成において、第1チューブ体10に代えて第1チューブ体10Aを備え、第2チューブ体20に代えて第2チューブ体20Aを備え、第3チューブ体30に代えて第3チューブ体30Aを備える。
図8は、第3実施形態の血管モデル1Bの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第2実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100Bは、血管モデル1に代えて血管モデル1Bを備える。血管モデル1Bは、第1実施形態で説明した構成において、第3チューブ体30を有していない。このように、血管モデル1Bは、外膜に相当する第1チューブ体10と、中膜に相当する第2チューブ体20と、の2層構造であってもよい。このような第2実施形態の血管モデル1Aによっても、上述した第1実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。
図9は、第4実施形態の血管モデル1Cの断面構成を例示した説明図である。第3実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100Cは、血管モデル1に代えて血管モデル1Cを備える。血管モデル1Cは、第1実施形態で説明した構成において、第1チューブ体10を有していない。このように、血管モデル1Cは、中膜に相当する第2チューブ体20と、内膜に相当する第3チューブ体30と、の2層構造であってもよい。このような第3実施形態の血管モデル1Bによっても、上述した第1実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。
図10は、第5実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100Dの概略構成を例示した説明図である。血管シミュレーション装置100Dは、第1実施形態で説明した構成において、外側組織モデル3と、循環ポンプ9とを備えていない。血管シミュレーション装置100Dの血管モデル1は、流体(例えば、生理食塩水などの模擬血液)によって湿らせた後で使用されてもよく、乾いた状態で使用されてもよい。また、血管シミュレーション装置100Dは、例えば、内部に流体を満たすことが可能な水槽を備えており、血管モデル1は、流体を満たした水槽内に置いた状態で使用されてもよい。このような第5実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100Dによっても、上述した第1実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。
本発明は上記の実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
上記第1~5実施形態では、血管シミュレーション装置100,100A~100Dの構成の一例を示した。しかし、血管シミュレーション装置100の構成は種々の変更が可能である。例えば、血管シミュレーション装置100は、心臓、肝臓、脳等の臓器を模した臓器モデルを有していてもよい。この場合、血管モデル1は、臓器モデルの外側や、内側に設けられていてもよい。例えば、血管シミュレーション装置100は、循環ポンプ9により循環される流体に、脈動を模擬した動きを加えるための脈動ポンプを備えていてもよい。脈動ポンプには、例えば、容積式の往復ポンプや、低速回転された回転ポンプを使用できる。
上記第1~5実施形態では、血管モデル1,1A~1Cの構成の一例を示した。しかし、血管モデル1の構成は種々の変更が可能である。例えば、血管部10は、直線状のほか、湾曲形状や、蛇行形状等の任意の形状としてよい。例えば、血管部10は、親水性または疎水性を有する樹脂によりコーティングされていてもよい。例えば、血管モデル1の内腔1Lには、ヒトの病変部を模擬した病変部が設けられていてもよい。
第1~5実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100,100A~100Dまたは血管モデル1,1A~1Cの構成、及び上記変形例1,2の血管シミュレーション装置100,100A~100Dまたは血管モデル1,1A~1Cの構成は、適宜組み合わせてもよい。例えば、第5実施形態の血管シミュレーション装置100において、第1~第3実施形態のいずれかで説明した血管モデル1を用いてもよい。
1L…内腔
1a…開口
1b…開口
3…外側組織モデル
4…容器
5…芯材
9…循環ポンプ
10,10A…第1チューブ体
20,20A…第2チューブ体
30,30A…第3チューブ体
100,100A~100D…血管シミュレーション装置
Claims (7)
- 血管モデルであって、
中空管形状の第1チューブ体と、
前記第1チューブ体の内周面を覆う中空管形状の第2チューブ体と、
を備え、
前記第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンスは、前記第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きい、血管モデル。 - 請求項1に記載の血管モデルであって、
前記第1チューブ体及び前記第2チューブ体は、それぞれ、高分子材料と、前記高分子材料よりも音響インピーダンスの大きい微粒子と、を含有しており、
前記第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子濃度は、前記第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子濃度よりも高い、血管モデル。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の血管モデルであって、
前記第1チューブ体及び前記第2チューブ体は、それぞれ、高分子材料と、前記高分子材料よりも音響インピーダンスの大きい微粒子と、を含有しており、
前記第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の種類は、前記第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の種類と相違しており、前記第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子は、前記第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子よりも硬度が高い、血管モデル。 - 請求項2または請求項3に記載の血管モデルであって、
前記第1チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の粒子径と、前記第2チューブ体に含まれる微粒子の粒子径は、いずれも、0.1μm以上、かつ、500μm以下の範囲内である、血管モデル。 - 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、
前記第1チューブ体及び前記第2チューブ体は、それぞれ、高分子材料により形成されており、
前記第1チューブ体を構成する高分子材料の音響インピーダンスは、前記第2チューブ体を構成する高分子材料の音響インピーダンスよりも高い、血管モデル。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、
前記第1チューブ体及び前記第2チューブ体は、それぞれ、高分子材料により形成されており、
前記第1チューブ体の硬度は、前記第2チューブ体の硬度よりも高い、血管モデル。 - 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の血管モデルであって、さらに、
前記第2チューブ体の内周面を覆う中空管形状の第3チューブ体を備え、
前記第3チューブ体の音響インピーダンスは、前記第1チューブ体の音響インピーダンス以下であり、かつ、前記第2チューブ体の音響インピーダンスよりも大きい、血管モデル。
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