WO2022199342A1 - 电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺及亚光铁塔 - Google Patents
电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺及亚光铁塔 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022199342A1 WO2022199342A1 PCT/CN2022/078818 CN2022078818W WO2022199342A1 WO 2022199342 A1 WO2022199342 A1 WO 2022199342A1 CN 2022078818 W CN2022078818 W CN 2022078818W WO 2022199342 A1 WO2022199342 A1 WO 2022199342A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- workpiece
- iron tower
- manganese content
- content steel
- Prior art date
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
- E04H12/08—Structures made of specified materials of metal
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of steel surface coating treatment, and in particular relates to a surface mattization process for low manganese content steel components of electric power towers.
- the transmission line tower is hot-dip galvanized after forming.
- the components that need to be galvanized include the tower body components, as well as all rods, bolts, nuts, and gaskets.
- the main purpose of galvanizing treatment is to improve the anti-corrosion ability and make the iron tower meet the service life requirements.
- the thickness, uniformity and adhesion of the galvanized layer must meet the relevant national standard requirements. Due to the good air quality and no pollution in the plateau area, the iron towers produced have high brightness, and the color will remain unchanged for several years or even more than ten years, resulting in long-term light pollution. Moreover, because the overall line is silver-white, it is easy to be discovered by enemy reconnaissance.
- the Chinese patent application with the application number of 202110280540X discloses a method for matte surface treatment of low alloy steel components, which can perform surface matt treatment on common Q355 and Q420 materials.
- this method is used for surface plating of commonly used Q235 steel Zinc treatment, found that the gloss is still high, it is difficult to meet the design requirements. Therefore, the process must be further improved.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a process for surface mattification of steel components with low manganese content in electric power towers.
- the invention relates to a process for surface mattification of steel components with low manganese content in an electric power tower. Phosphating treatment
- the composition of the zinc liquid used in the zinc immersion treatment is: zinc ⁇ 99.5%, iron ⁇ 0.02%, aluminum ⁇ 0.003%, nickel ⁇ 0.005%;
- the phosphating treatment is carried out at room temperature, and the workpiece is immersed in a phosphating solution for 3-5 minutes and then taken out.
- the phosphating solution contains 1 wt.% dry chromium and 1 wt.% concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the pH value of the phosphating solution is kept at 3-4.
- the manganese content of the material used for the workpiece is below 1.0%.
- the temperature of the zinc solution in the zinc immersion treatment is 446-452° C.
- the zinc immersion time is 2-5 minutes.
- the above air cooling time is 4 min or more.
- cooling is performed at a temperature of 30-60°C.
- the above-mentioned pretreatment includes pickling, cleaning and flux plating, and its specific process is:
- the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 40-220g/l, the working temperature is normal temperature, and the pickling time is 0.5-4h to remove iron oxide on the surface of the workpiece;
- the workpiece after pickling is cleaned with a cleaning solution, the cleaning temperature is 60-70 ° C, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the cleaning solution is ⁇ 4g/l, and the ferrous chloride is ⁇ 4g/l;
- the cleaned workpiece is immersed in a plating solution containing 120-260 g/l of ammonium chloride and 70-80 g/l of zinc chloride.
- the above-mentioned plating aid temperature is 60-70° C.
- the aid plating time is 0.5-1 min.
- the above-mentioned process also includes a post-processing step, that is, using thermal spraying zinc or applying a zinc-rich coating method to repair the leakage plating, and the thickness of the repair layer should be more than 30 ⁇ m thicker than the minimum thickness required by the galvanized layer.
- the second purpose of the present invention is to provide a matte iron tower. Its technical solutions are:
- a matte iron tower comprising an iron tower body, the iron tower body is formed by connecting a plurality of iron tower components, and the key lies in that the iron tower components are respectively in accordance with any one of the above-mentioned low manganese content steel components of electric power towers. After processing, the iron tower body is then assembled.
- the inventor of the present application has previously developed a matte surface treatment method for iron tower components, which is suitable for low-alloy high-strength steel components.
- Post-processing The specific steps are:
- Step 1 Workpiece hanging: hang the workpiece on the crane;
- Step 2 pickling: driving work, immerse the workpiece in a hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 40-220g/l, the temperature is normal temperature, and the pickling time is 0.5-4h to remove iron oxide on the surface of the workpiece;
- Step 3 Immerse the pickled workpiece in the cleaning solution, the cleaning temperature is 60-70 °C, the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the cleaning solution is ⁇ 4g/l, and the ferrous chloride is ⁇ 4g/l, so as to remove impurities on the surface of the workpiece, clean
- the liquid can use tap water;
- Step 4 Helping plating: Immerse the cleaned workpiece in a plating aid solution with a temperature of 60-70°C.
- the plating aid solution contains 120-260 g/l of ammonium chloride and 70-80 g/l of zinc chloride, and the workpiece is immersed in a plating aid solution.
- Step 5 zinc immersion, the temperature of the zinc solution is 446-452°C, and the zinc immersion time is 2-5min.
- the composition of the zinc solution is: zinc ⁇ 99.5%, iron ⁇ 0.02%, aluminum ⁇ 0.003%, nickel ⁇ 0.005%;
- Step 6 Air cooling: After the workpiece is taken out from the zinc liquid, it is air-cooled, and the air-cooling time is more than 1min;
- Step 7 Cooling, using water cooling, the cooling temperature is controlled at 30-60 °C; in actual production, it is found that if the temperature exceeds 60 °C, water patterns will appear on the plated parts, and if the temperature is lower than 30 °C, there will be cracks on the plated parts. ;
- Step 8 Post-processing: Check the workpiece, the total leakage plating area should not exceed 0.5% of the total surface area of each plated part, and each repaired galvanized surface should not exceed 10cm 2 . If the total leakage plating area is large or a single leakage plating area >10cm 2 , should be replated.
- the leakage plating shall be repaired by thermal spraying zinc or coating with zinc-rich coating, and the thickness of the repair layer shall be more than 30 ⁇ m thicker than the minimum thickness required by the galvanized layer.
- epoxy zinc-rich paint can be used to ensure that the color is basically the same.
- Galvanizing should be re-galvanized when damage to the galvanized layer during correction exceeds the requirements in step 8 above. Re-cutting, drilling and welding of hot-dip galvanized components are not allowed.
- the workpieces are sampled to check the thickness, adhesion, uniformity and gloss of the galvanized layer.
- the thickness, adhesion, uniformity and other indicators of the galvanized layer can meet the requirements of the national standard GB/T 2694 and GB/T 13912.
- a gloss tester is used, a 60-degree angle gloss tester is used for general gloss, a large-angle gloss tester is used for low gloss, and a small-angle gloss tester is used for high gloss.
- the appearance color of the galvanized layer should be dark gray, and it will not reflect light under strong light. Glossiness ⁇ 30GU, surface glossiness of workpiece after cooling ⁇ 40GU.
- the process effect of the comparative example is recorded in the application with the application number of 202110280540X, which will not be repeated here.
- the workpieces made of common Q355 and Q420 steels can get a matte surface after surface treatment.
- Q235 steel is used, the surface of the workpiece after surface treatment cannot achieve a matte effect.
- the invention relates to a surface mattifying process for steel components with low manganese content in a power iron tower.
- phosphating treatment is also performed after cooling, that is, at normal temperature, the workpiece is immersed in a phosphating solution for 3 to 5 minutes and then taken out.
- the phosphating solution contains 1wt.% of chromium dry and 1 wt.% concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the acidity of the phosphating solution is monitored by pH detection equipment, and sulfuric acid is supplemented when the pH is greater than 4 to keep the pH value of the phosphating solution at 3-4.
- Phosphating treatment reduces the gloss of the workpiece surface and presents a matt effect.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 all use the same process for surface treatment, and there is a big difference in the surface gloss of Q355 and Q235 workpieces. Comparing Comparative Examples 3 to 4 with Examples 1 to 2, after adding the phosphating treatment step, the surface gloss of the workpiece is greatly reduced, which meets the design requirements.
- the inventor's research found that, when different materials are treated with the same process conditions (control example), the main reason for the large difference in surface gloss is the influence of manganese content in the materials.
- the manganese content is generally 1.0-1.7%, while the manganese content of Q235 steel is generally 0.3-0.8%.
- the research also found that, for low-alloy steel components with a manganese content of less than 1.0%, the method of the present invention can successfully obtain a matte surface with a glossiness of less than 40GU.
- the composition of the zinc liquid, the temperature of the zinc liquid during the zinc immersion treatment, and the air cooling time are also the key factors affecting the gloss.
- the phosphating treatment step is added, in the process of the present invention, the preferred zinc liquid composition, zinc liquid temperature, air cooling time and other parameters are the same as those of the control example.
- the iron tower components made of steel with low manganese content can be surface-treated, and the iron tower components with low glossiness, that is, with a matte effect, can be successfully prepared.
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Abstract
本发明公开了电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺及亚光铁塔，其中表面亚光化工艺过程为：先对工件表面进行预处理，接着进行助镀，然后浸锌，取出后空冷，再进行冷却，最后进行磷化处理；以重量份数计，所述浸锌处理所用锌液成份为：锌≥99.5％，铁≤0.02％，铝≤0.003％，镍≤0.005％；磷化处理在常温下进行，将工件浸入磷化液3～5min后取出，所述磷化液中含有1wt.％铬干和1wt.％浓硫酸。本发明的有益效果：通过合理设计工艺过程，对采用低锰含量的钢材制成的铁塔构件进行表面处理，能够成功制备光泽度低也即具有亚光效果的铁塔构件。
Description
本发明属于钢铁表面镀层处理技术领域，具体涉及电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺。
输电线路铁塔在成型后进行热浸镀锌处理，需要进行镀锌处理的包括塔身构件，以及所有杆件、螺栓、螺母、垫片。镀锌处理的主要目的在于提高防腐能力，使铁塔满足使用寿命要求。镀锌层的厚度、均匀性、附着性均须满足相关国标要求。高原地区由于空气质量好、无污染，生产的铁塔亮度高，几年甚至十年以上颜色不变，形成了长期光污染。并且，由于整体线路呈现银白色，易被敌方侦察发现。因此，除了保证铁塔的防腐蚀性能，还需要降低铁塔表面反光性，减少光污染，并提高军事安全性。申请号为202110280540X的中国专利申请公开了一种低合金钢构件亚光化表面处理方法，能够对常见的Q355、Q420材料进行表面亚光化处理，然而采用该方法对常用的Q235钢材进行表面镀锌处理，发现光泽度仍较高，难以达到设计要求。因此，必须进一步改进工艺。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的之一在于提供电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺。
其技术方案如下：
一种电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其关键在于按以下过程进行：先对工件表面进行预处理，接着进行助镀，然后浸锌，取出后空冷，再进行冷却，最后进行磷化处理；
以重量份数计，所述浸锌处理所用锌液成份为：锌≥99.5％，铁≤0.02％，铝≤0.003％，镍≤0.005％；
所述磷化处理在常温下进行，将工件浸入磷化液3～5min后取出，所述磷化液中含有1wt.％铬干和1wt.％浓硫酸。
作为优选，上述磷化处理过程中，保持磷化液pH值为3-4。
作为优选，上述工件所用材料锰含量在1.0％以下。
作为优选，上述浸锌处理的锌液温度为446-452℃，浸锌时间为2-5min。
作为优选，上述空冷时间为4min以上。
作为优选，空冷后，在30-60℃温度下进行冷却。
作为优选，上述预处理包括酸洗、清洗和助镀，其具体过程为：
将工件浸入盐酸溶液，所述盐酸溶液浓度为40-220g/l，工作温度为常温，酸洗时间0.5-4h，以除去工件表面氧化铁；
酸洗后的工件使用清洗液清洗，清洗温度为60-70℃，所述清洗液中盐酸浓度≤4g/l，氯化亚铁≤4g/l；
清洗后的工件浸入助镀液中，所述助镀液含有氯化铵120-260g/l，氯化锌70-80g/l。
作为优选，上述助镀温度为60-70℃，助镀时间为0.5-1min。
作为优选，上述工艺还包括后处理步骤，即对漏镀处采用热喷涂锌或涂富锌涂层方法进行修复，修复层厚度应比镀锌层要求的最小厚度厚30μm以上。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种亚光铁塔。其技术方案为：
一种亚光铁塔，包括铁塔本体，该铁塔本体由若干铁塔构件连接而成，其关键在于，所述铁塔构件分别按照上述任意一项所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺进行处理，再组装形成所述铁塔本体。
以下结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
对照例
本申请的发明人前期研发出一种铁塔构件亚光化表面处理方法，适用于低合金高强度钢构件，其工艺过程为：吊挂→酸洗→清洗→助镀→浸锌→空冷→冷却→后处理。具体步骤为：
步骤一、工件吊挂：将工件吊挂在行车上；
步骤二、酸洗：行车工作，将工件浸入浓度为40-220g/l的盐酸溶液，温度为常温，酸洗时间0.5-4h，以除去工件表面氧化铁；
步骤三、清洗：将酸洗后的工件浸入清洗液中，清洗温度为60-70℃，清洗液中盐酸浓度≤4g/l，氯化亚铁≤4g/l，以除去工件表面杂质，清洗液可以使用自来水；
步骤四、助镀：将清洗后的工件浸入温度为60-70℃的助镀液中，助镀液含有氯化铵120-260g/l，氯化锌70-80g/l，工件浸入助镀液0.5-1min；
步骤五、浸锌，锌液温度为446-452℃，浸锌时间为2-5min，以重量份数计，锌液成份为：锌≥99.5％，铁≤0.02％，铝≤0.003％，镍≤0.005％；
步骤六、空冷：工件从锌液中取出后进行空冷，空冷时间为1min以上；
步骤七、冷却，采用水冷冷却，冷却温度控制在30-60℃；实际生产发现，若超过60℃，镀件上会出现水花纹，而温度低于30℃，镀件上会出现龟裂纹；
步骤八、后处理：检查工件，总漏镀面积不应超过每个镀件总表面积的0.5％，每个修复镀锌面不应超过10cm
2，若总漏镀面积较大或单个漏镀面积>10cm
2，应返镀。对漏镀处采用热喷涂锌或涂富锌涂层方法进行修复，修复层厚度应比镀锌层要求的最小厚度厚30μm以上。采用涂富锌涂层方式处理 漏镀时，可以用环氧富锌漆，确保颜色基本一致。
处理完成后，观察构件的变形，每根构件的弯曲变形应不超过L/1500(L为构件长度)，且不大于5mm，否则，应通过机械方法进行冷矫正。矫正中镀锌层损坏超过上述第步骤八中的要求时应重新镀锌。不允许对热镀锌后的构件进行再切割或开孔、焊接加工。
处理完成后，对工件进行抽样，检测镀锌层厚度、附着性、均匀性和光泽度。经检测，采用上述工艺进行表面处理，镀锌层的厚度、附着性、均匀性等指标均能满足国标GB/T 2694和GB/T 13912的要求。对于光泽度的检测使用光泽度检测仪，一般光泽用60度角的光泽度检测仪，低光泽用大角度的光泽度检测仪，高光泽用小角度光泽度检测仪。按照设计要求，镀锌层外观颜色以暗灰色为宜，在强光下不反光，采用中低光泽度测试仪(60度角或80度角的光泽度检测仪)时，一般光泽度要求为光泽度≤30GU，冷却后的工件表面光泽度≤40GU。
对照例的工艺效果记载在申请号为202110280540X的申请中，在此不再赘述。采用上述工艺条件时，常见的Q355、Q420钢材制造的工件经表面处理后能够得到亚光表面。然而，采用Q235钢材时，表面处理后的工件表面无法达到亚光效果。
实施例
一种电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其工艺过程为：吊挂→酸洗→清洗→助镀→浸锌→空冷→冷却→磷化处理→后处理。表面处理具体步骤与对照例相比，区别在于：冷却后还进行磷化处理，即常温下，将工件浸入磷化液3～5min后取出，所述磷化液中含有1wt.％铬干和1wt.％浓硫酸，磷化处理过程中，通过pH检测设备监测所述磷化液酸度，pH大于4时补充硫酸，保持磷化液pH值为3-4。磷化处理使得工件表面光泽度降低，呈现亚 光效果。
如表1，对照例1～4均采用相同的工艺方法进行表面处理，Q355与Q235工件表面光泽度存在较大区别。对比对照例3～4与实施例1～2，在增加磷化处理步骤后，工件表面光泽度大幅降低，满足设计要求。
表1 不同表面处理工艺后两种材料表面光泽度比较
发明人研究发现，不同材料采用同样工艺条件(对照例)进行处理，表面光泽度差别较大的主要原因在于材料中锰含量的影响。对于Q355和Q420钢材，其锰含量一般在1.0-1.7％，而Q235钢材锰含量一般在0.3-0.8％。研究还发现，对于含锰量在1.0％以下的低合金钢材构件，采用本发明的方法均能够成功获得光泽度在40GU以下的亚光表面。
除磷化处理外，锌液成分、浸锌处理时锌液温度、空冷时间等也是影响光泽度的关键因素。实施例与对照例相比，尽管增加了磷化处理步骤，本发明的工艺中，较优的锌液成分、锌液温度、空冷时间等参数与对照例相同。
本发明的有益效果：通过合理设计工艺过程，对采用低锰含量的钢材制成的铁塔构件进行表面处理，能够成功制备光泽度低也即具有亚光效果的铁塔构件。
最后需要说明的是，上述描述仅仅为本发明的优选实施例，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不违背本发明宗旨及权利要求的前提下，可以做出多种类似的表示，这样的变换均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于按以下过程进行：先对工件表面进行预处理，接着进行助镀，然后浸锌，取出后空冷，再进行冷却，最后进行磷化处理；以重量份数计，所述浸锌处理所用锌液成份为：锌≥99.5％，铁≤0.02％，铝≤0.003％，镍≤0.005％；所述磷化处理在常温下进行，将工件浸入磷化液3～5min后取出，所述磷化液中含有1wt.％铬干和1wt.％浓硫酸。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：所述磷化处理过程中，保持磷化液pH值为3-4。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：所述工件所用材料锰含量在1.0％以下。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：所述浸锌处理的锌液温度为446-452℃，浸锌时间为2-5min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：所述空冷时间为4min以上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：空冷后，在30-60℃温度下进行冷却。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：所述预处理包括酸洗、清洗和助镀，其具体过程为：将工件浸入盐酸溶液，所述盐酸溶液浓度为40-220g/l，工作温度为常温，酸洗时间0.5-4h，以除去工件表面氧化铁；酸洗后的工件使用清洗液清洗，清洗温度为60-70℃，所述清洗液中盐酸浓度≤4g/l，氯化亚铁≤4g/l；清洗后的工件浸入助镀液中，所述助镀液含有氯化铵120-260g/l，氯化锌 70-80g/l。
- 根据权利要求7所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：助镀温度为60-70℃，助镀时间为0.5-1min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺，其特征在于：还包括后处理步骤，即对漏镀处采用热喷涂锌或涂富锌涂层方法进行修复，修复层厚度应比镀锌层要求的最小厚度厚30μm以上。
- 一种亚光铁塔，包括铁塔本体，该铁塔本体由若干铁塔构件连接而成，其特征在于：所述铁塔构件分别按照权利要求1-9任意一项所述的电力铁塔低锰含量钢构件表面亚光化工艺进行处理，再组装形成所述铁塔本体。
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