WO2022199270A1 - 曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法 - Google Patents

曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022199270A1
WO2022199270A1 PCT/CN2022/076018 CN2022076018W WO2022199270A1 WO 2022199270 A1 WO2022199270 A1 WO 2022199270A1 CN 2022076018 W CN2022076018 W CN 2022076018W WO 2022199270 A1 WO2022199270 A1 WO 2022199270A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
car
hoistway
rail
sub
traction
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PCT/CN2022/076018
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张琨
王辉
王开强
李迪
刘威
张维
叶贞
李霞
章磊
吕方韬
王俊翔
吴惠泽
廖春雨
林琦
赵翼鸿
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中建三局集团有限公司
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Application filed by 中建三局集团有限公司 filed Critical 中建三局集团有限公司
Priority to DE112022000766.4T priority Critical patent/DE112022000766T5/de
Publication of WO2022199270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022199270A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B9/003—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures for lateral transfer of car or frame, e.g. between vertical hoistways or to/from a parking position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0005—Constructional features of hoistways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/0035—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support
    • B66B11/0045—Arrangement of driving gear, e.g. location or support in the hoistway
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B9/00—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B9/06—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures inclined, e.g. serving blast furnaces
    • B66B9/08—Kinds or types of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures inclined, e.g. serving blast furnaces associated with stairways, e.g. for transporting disabled persons
    • B66B9/0807—Driving mechanisms
    • B66B9/0823—Screw and nut

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of elevators, and in particular relates to a traction type multi-car circulating running elevator and a control method.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a traction type multi-car circulating running elevator and a control method, which can improve the utilization rate of the elevator shaft and reduce the occupied area of the elevator.
  • a traction type multi-car cyclic operation elevator the elevator comprises:
  • At least two vertical shafts arranged in the building including at least one upward shaft and one downward shaft, the upward shaft and the downward shaft are arranged in parallel and adjacent to each other, an intermediate wall is arranged between the vertical shafts, and the upward shaft It is mainly used for the car to run upwards, and the down shaft is mainly used for the downward movement of the car;
  • the rail-changing hoistway is arranged at least on the topmost and bottommost floors of the vertical hoistway, so that the two vertical rails are connected;
  • a rail-changing mechanism is arranged in the rail-changing hoistway, comprising an upper rail-changing mechanism located on the topmost layer and a lower rail-changing mechanism located on the bottommost layer, the upper rail-changing mechanism is used to carry the car from the upward hoistway to the phase
  • the adjacent down hoistway the lower rail change mechanism is used to carry the car from the down hoistway to the adjacent upward hoistway, so as to complete the car rail change and realize the cyclic operation of multiple cars in the vertical hoistway;
  • the rail change mechanism is provided with There is a jacking device, which is used to lift the car during the rail change process;
  • each car corresponds to a set of exclusive traction system and a set of exclusive counterweight system, which circulates in the vertical hoistway and the rail-changing hoistway;
  • the traction system includes a traction machine, a traction rope and an unhooking mechanism.
  • One end of the traction rope is connected to the counterweight, and the other end is divided into two sub-traction ropes after bypassing the traction machine sheave. They are respectively introduced into the upward shaft and the downward shaft.
  • the ends of the two sub-hoisting ropes are provided with a hook-releasing mechanism for connecting with the car. load and run in the hoistway synchronously; the hook-off mechanism is used to connect or disconnect the sub-hoisting rope and the car.
  • the sub-hoisting rope passes through the hook-off mechanism and the car.
  • the sub-hoisting rope When disengaged, the car is driven by the rail-changing mechanism to complete the rail change, and then the sub-hoisting rope is connected to the car through the hook-off mechanism;
  • a counterweight system including said counterweight, for balancing the weight of the car, the unhooking mechanism and part of the live load;
  • the guide system includes the car guide rail, the sub-hoisting rope guide and the counterweight guide rail.
  • the top and bottom of the sub-hoisting rope guide are provided with limit devices, which are used for when the car is disengaged from the hoisting rope, when the rail is shifted in translation. , instead of the weight of the car balance counterweight;
  • the control system controls the operation of the car in the vertical shaft, the operation of the rail change mechanism, and the operation and scheduling of multiple cars to ensure the safe operation of the car.
  • the rail changing mechanism includes a translation frame, a translation guide rail and a driving device.
  • the translation frame is connected with the translation guide rail through a slider, so as to carry the car to travel along the guide rail, and the driving device provides power for walking.
  • the same car guide rails as in the vertical hoistway are arranged in the translation frame, so that the car runs directly into the translation frame, and the car guide rails are used to limit the horizontal movement of the car;
  • the jacking device is:
  • the self-lockable vertical jacking device arranged in the translation frame is used to hold the car after the car runs into the translation frame, and drive the car to rise for a certain distance, so as to facilitate the separation of the car from the traction rope .
  • the translation frame is a space frame structure for the car to run into the interior.
  • the vertical jacking device is a hydraulic cylinder or a screw lifter with a self-locking function.
  • the guide rail is a linear guide rail.
  • the transmission mode of the driving device is a ball screw or a rack and pinion.
  • the hook-releasing mechanism includes a spreader connected to the end of the hoisting rope and a telescopic rod installed on the car.
  • the end of the sub-traction rope is connected with a spreader, and the guide rail of the sub-traction rope is the guide rail of the spreader to ensure the stable operation of the spreader along the vertical shaft.
  • the movable baffles at the top and bottom of the guide rail of the spreader are used to limit the movement of the spreader when the car is changing rails, and to ensure the smooth passage of the spreader when the car is running up and down.
  • a control method for the traction type multi-car cyclically running elevator includes:
  • the car runs along the upward hoistway to the upper rail change mechanism on the top floor, the traction machine stops working, and the limit device fixes the position of the sub-hoisting rope to prevent the traction machine from moving between two sides when the car is subjected to force conversion.
  • the traction rope slips due to the unbalanced weight on the side; the jacking device in the rail changing mechanism lifts the car for a certain distance.
  • the two sub-hoisting ropes are in an unloaded state, and the hook-off mechanism located in the upward shaft makes the upward shaft
  • the sub-hoisting rope in the middle is separated from the car, and the upper rail-changing mechanism carries the car to the side of the down hoistway.
  • the jacking device drives the car down a certain distance, so that the sub-hoisting rope in the down hoistway is stressed, that is, the rail change is completed;
  • the steps of going down and going up the car runs along the down hoistway to the lower rail changing mechanism at the bottom layer, the traction machine stops working, and the limit device fixes the position of the sub-hoisting rope to prevent the traction machine from moving between two sides when the car is subjected to force conversion.
  • the traction rope slips due to the unbalanced weight on the side; the jacking device in the rail changing mechanism lifts the car for a certain distance.
  • the two sub-hoisting ropes are in an unloaded state.
  • the sub-hoisting rope in the middle is disengaged from the car, and the lower rail changing mechanism carries the car to the side of the upward hoistway.
  • the lifting device drives the car down a certain distance, so that the sub-hoisting rope in the upward shaft is stressed, that is, the rail change is completed.
  • a single vertical hoistway is mainly used for ascending or descending, and the hook-off mechanism is used to conveniently realize the connection and disconnection between the hoisting rope and the car when changing rails, which cleverly avoids the need for
  • the conflict between the hoisting ropes makes the multiple cars run like a cycle in the vertical hoistway, which changes the current situation that a traditional elevator can only run one car in a single hoistway, and solves the problem of the low utilization rate of the elevator hoistway and the large building area occupied. Problems such as insufficient carrying capacity have improved the operating quality of elevators in high-rise and super-high-rise buildings.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the flow chart of single-car cyclic operation
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the rail changing mechanism
  • Figure 4 is the plan layout of the asymmetrical suspension with a single hanging point
  • Figure 5 is the plan layout of the symmetrical suspension with double suspension points
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the example scheme
  • the present invention provides a traction type multi-car circulating running elevator and a control method.
  • At least two vertical hoistways arranged in a building include at least one upward hoistway 1.2 and one downward hoistway 1.1.
  • the hoistway 1.2 and the downward hoistway 1.1 are arranged parallel to each other and adjacent to each other, the upward hoistway 1.2 is for the car 2 to run upward, and the downward hoistway 1.1 is for the car 2 to run downward.
  • a guide rail 6 for guiding the car 2 to run up and down is provided in the vertical hoistway, which plays a guiding role for the up and down running of the car 2 .
  • the rail-changing well includes an upper rail-changing well 1.4 and a lower rail-changing well 1.3.
  • the upper rail-changing well is arranged on the topmost layer of the vertical well, and the lower rail-changing well 1.3 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical well, so that the two vertical wells are connected. up; the track-changing shaft can also be added to any intermediate layer to improve dispatching.
  • a rail change mechanism arranged in the rail change hoistway, includes an upper rail change mechanism located at the topmost layer, and a lower rail change mechanism located at the bottommost floor, the upper rail change mechanism is used to carry the car 2 from the upward shaft 1.2 To the adjacent downward hoistway 1.1, the lower rail changing mechanism is used to carry the car 2 from the downward hoistway 1.1 to the adjacent upward hoistway 1.2, so as to realize the cyclic operation of multiple cars between different hoistways.
  • Each car 2 corresponds to a set of exclusive traction systems 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and a set of exclusive counterweight systems 5.
  • the traction system includes traction machine 3.1, traction rope 3.4 and hook-off mechanism 3.2.
  • One end of traction rope 3.4 is connected to counterweight 5, and the other end is divided into two sub-traction ropes after bypassing the pulley of traction machine 3.1 3.4.1, 3.4.2, the two sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 are respectively introduced into the upward shaft 1.2 and the downward shaft 1.1.
  • the ends of the two sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 are provided with The hook-releasing mechanism 3.2 connected to the car 2, when one of the sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 or 3.4.2 is connected to the car and runs in the hoistway, the other sub-hoisting rope 3.4.2 or 3.4.1 is unloaded and synchronized in the well.
  • the hook-off mechanism 3.2 can realize the connection or disconnection of the sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1, 3.4.2 and the car 2.
  • the sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 3.4.2 The car 2 is separated from the car 2 through the hook-off mechanism 3.2.
  • the car 2 is driven by the rail-changing mechanism to complete the rail change, and then the sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 pass through the hook-off mechanism 3.2 and the car 2. connect.
  • the counterweight 5 simultaneously "pulls" the sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 in the two vertical hoistways.
  • the traction rope 3.4 is a steel wire rope.
  • the guide rail 6 includes a car guide rail 6.1, a sub-rope guide rail and a counterweight guide rail 6.3.
  • the rail changing mechanism includes a translation frame 4.1, a translation guide rail 4.2 and a driving device 4.3.
  • the translation frame 4.1 is connected to the translation guide rail 4.2 through the slider 4.2.1, and can carry the car to walk along the guide rail and drive the car.
  • Device 4.3 provides power for walking
  • translation frame 4.1 is generally a space steel frame
  • translation guide 4.2 is generally a linear guide with high guiding accuracy, which can meet the step difference requirements when the car guide rails are docked
  • the driving device 4.3 is generally a higher travel accuracy.
  • the ball screw is also to meet the step difference requirements when the car guide rails are docked.
  • one end of the linear guide 4.2 and the driving device 4.3 is fixed on the structure, and the other end of the driving device 4.3 is fixed on the translation frame 4.1, and the driving motor rotates, which drives the ball screw to rotate, thereby driving the translation frame on the linear guide. Reciprocating motion.
  • the described translation frame 4.1 is provided with the same car guide rail 6 in the vertical hoistway, the car 2 can directly run into the translation frame 4.1, and the guide rail 6 can limit the horizontal movement of the car 2; the described translation frame 4.1 There is also a self-locking vertical jacking device 4.1.1. After the car 2 runs into the translation frame 4.1, it can hold the car 2 and drive the car 2 to rise for a certain distance, which is convenient for the car. 2 is disconnected from the hoisting rope 3.4.
  • the jacking mechanism 4.1.1 described in this example is a screw jack, whose screw rod can not only be extended and shortened, but also can be rotated 90°. Influence car 2 runs in translation frame 4.1.
  • the unhooking mechanism 3.2 includes a spreader 3.2.2 connected to the end of the hoisting rope 3.4 and a telescopic rod 3.2.1 installed on the car 2.
  • the telescopic rod 3.2.1 extends out from the spreader 3.2 .2 is connected, and the telescopic rod 3.2.1 is retracted and disengaged from the spreader 3.2.2.
  • the sub-hoisting rope guide rail is actually the guide rail 6.2 of the spreader 3.2.2 to ensure that the spreader 3.2.2 runs stably along the vertical shaft, and the top and bottom of the guide rail 6 are respectively provided with movable baffles 3.2.
  • the movable baffle can limit the movement of the spreader 3.2.2 when the car 2 changes rails, and the movable baffle can ensure the smooth passage of the spreader 3.2.2 when the car 2 is running up and down.
  • the movable baffle 3.2.3 plays a limiting role, and other limiting devices can also be used here.
  • the car 2 when the car 2 runs to the upper rail change shaft 1.4, it will decelerate to 0 and reach the leveling floor.
  • the movable baffle 3.2.3 on the upper part of the guide rail 6 is moved first to limit the movement of the spreader 3.2.2.
  • the jacking device 4.1.1 in the translation frame 4.1 will drive the car to lift 5cm, at this time the sub-hoisting rope 3.2.1 is in an empty state, and the load of the car 2 is transferred from the jacking device 4.1.1 to the translation frame 4.1 , and then transferred to the linear guide 4.2.
  • the movable baffle 4.2.3 provides a vertical downward force for the spreader 3.2.2 to balance the weight of the counterweight 5.
  • the preparation is ready before the decoupling, and the telescopic rod 3.2.1 retracts.
  • the translation frame 4.1 carries the car 2 to move horizontally along the linear guide 4.2.
  • the telescopic rod 3.2.1 extends out of the spreader 3.2 with the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.2 .2 is connected, the jacking device 4.1.1 is lowered, the movable baffle 3.2.3 is opened, and the hook change is completed.
  • the car 2 runs downwards, then the translation frame 4.1 returns to the initial position corresponding to the upward shaft 1.2, ready to carry the next car 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a scheme of single-point asymmetric suspension of four cars.
  • the counterweight 5 is located on the left and right sides of the upward hoistway 1.2 and the downward hoistway 1.1.
  • Each car 2 is provided with a telescopic rod 3.2.1. It belongs to a single-point asymmetric suspension solution, and is one of the good solutions of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a two-point symmetrical suspension scheme for four cars, the counterweight 5 is located behind the car 2, and each car 2 is provided with two telescopic rods 3.2.1, which belongs to a two-point symmetrical suspension scheme , is another good example of the present invention.
  • the control method is the same as the above to switch from the downward shaft 1.1 to the upward shaft 1.2.
  • the number of cars (limited) and their corresponding traction systems and counterweight systems can be arbitrarily increased in the hoistway within the allowable range of space.
  • the two sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 are in the no-load state, and the hook-releasing mechanism 3.2 located in the upward shaft 1.2
  • the telescopic rod 3.2.1 is retracted, so that the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.1 in the upward hoistway 1.2 is separated from the car 2, and the upper rail exchange mechanism carries the car 2 to the side of the downward hoistway 1.1, which is located in the downward hoistway 1.1.
  • the hook-off mechanism 3.2 The telescopic rod 3.2.1 is stretched out, so that the sub-hoisting rope 3.2.2 in the down hoistway 1.1 is connected with the car 2, and the jacking device 4.1.1 in the rail changing mechanism drives the car 2 to descend a certain distance, so that the down hoistway
  • the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.2 in 1.1 is stressed, that is, the rail change is completed;
  • the two sub-hoisting ropes 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 are in the no-load state, and the hook-releasing mechanism 3.2 located in the down hoistway 1.1
  • the telescopic rod 3.2.1 is retracted, so that the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.2 in the down hoistway 1.1 is separated from the car 2, and the lower rail changing mechanism carries the car 2 to the side of the upward hoistway 1.2, and is located in the upward hoistway 1.2.
  • the hook-off mechanism 3.2 The telescopic rod 3.2.1 is stretched out, so that the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.1 in the upward shaft 1.2 is connected to the car 2, and the jacking device 4.1.1 in the rail changing mechanism drives the car 2 to descend a certain distance, so that the upward shaft 1.2 is lowered.
  • the sub-hoisting rope 3.4.1 in 1.2 is stressed, that is, the rail change is completed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)

Abstract

一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法，设置上行井道（1.2）供轿厢（2）向上运行，下行井道（1.1）供轿厢（2）向下运行；换轨井道使得两个竖向轨道连通起来；换轨机构，设置在换轨井道中，可带动轿厢（2）在上行井道（1.2）和下行井道（1.1）间转换；每个轿厢（2）对应一套曳引系统，曳引绳通过脱挂钩机构（3.2）与轿厢（2）连接，当轿厢（2）运行至换轨井道后，曳引绳通过脱挂钩机构（3.2）与轿厢（2）脱离，在换轨机构带动下完成换轨，然后曳引绳再通过脱挂钩机构（3.2）与轿厢（2）连接，继续运行，如此往复。通过对竖向井道进行功能分工，并且在换轨时利用脱挂钩机构（3.2）巧妙避免曳引绳之间的冲突，从而使得多部轿厢在至少两个井道里循环运行起来，提高电梯的垂直运输效率，减少电梯井道占用面积。

Description

曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法 技术领域
本发明属于电梯技术领域，具体涉及一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和工程技术的进步，人们越来越倾向拓展高层空间，越来越多的高层建筑甚至超高层建筑拔地而起，为了满足高层建筑的运输需求，电梯技术也在日新月异的发展，但由于传统电梯一个轿厢占用一个井道，随着建筑物的高度的增加，电梯的运输效率大大降低，在一些超高层建筑不得不布置多达数十部甚至上百部电梯来满足运输需求，如此一来，电梯占用高层建筑的面积越来越大，进而降低了建筑物的使用面积，不利于节约成本。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法，提高电梯井道利用率，减少电梯占用面积。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案为：一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，本电梯包括：
设置在建筑物内的至少两个竖向井道，包括至少一个上行井道和一个下行井道，上行井道与下行井道之间相互平行且相邻布置，竖向井道之间设有中间墙体，上行井道主要供轿厢向上运行，下行井道主要供轿厢向下运行；
换轨井道，至少设置在竖向井道的最顶层和最底层，使得两个竖向轨道连通起来；
换轨机构，设置在换轨井道中，包括位于所述最顶层的上换轨机构，和位于所述最底层的下换轨机构，上换轨机构用于将轿厢从上行井道运载到相邻的下行井道，下换轨机构用于将轿厢从下行井道运载到相邻的上行井道，从而完成轿厢换轨，实现多部轿厢在竖向井道内的循环运行；换轨机构内设置有顶升装置，用于在换轨过程中托起轿厢；
轿厢系统，包括轿厢，每个轿厢对应一套专属曳引系统和一套专属对重系统，在竖向井道和换轨井道内循环运行；
曳引系统，包括曳引机、曳引绳和脱挂钩机构，曳引绳一端与对重连接，另一端在绕过曳引机绳轮后分为两股子曳引绳，两股子曳引绳分别引入上行井道和 下行井道，两股子曳引绳的末端均设有用于与轿厢连接的脱挂钩机构，当一股子曳引绳连接轿厢在井道内运行时，另一股子曳引绳空载，同步在井道内运行；所述脱挂钩机构用于实现子曳引绳与轿厢的连接或脱开，当轿厢运行至换轨机构后，子曳引绳通过脱挂钩机构与轿厢脱离，轿厢在换轨机构带动下完成换轨，然后子曳引绳再通过脱挂钩机构与轿厢连接；
对重系统，包括所述的对重，用于平衡轿厢、脱挂钩机构和部分活荷载的重量；
导向系统，包括轿厢导轨、子曳引绳导轨和对重导轨，子曳引绳导轨的顶部和底部均设置有限位装置，用于在轿厢与曳引绳脱开后，平移换轨时，代替轿厢平衡对重的重量；
控制系统，控制轿厢在竖向井道内运行、换轨机构运行、多部轿厢运行调度，保障轿厢运行安全。
按上述方案，所述的换轨机构包括平移框架、平移导轨和驱动装置，平移框架通过滑块与平移导轨相连，从而载着轿厢沿导轨行走，驱动装置提供行走的动力。
按上述方案，所述的平移框架内设置有同竖向井道内相同的轿厢导轨，使得轿厢直接运行至平移框架内，轿厢导轨用于限制轿厢水平运动；所述的顶升装置为设置在所述的平移框架内可自锁的竖向顶升装置用于在轿厢运行至平移框架内后托住轿厢，并带动轿厢上升一段距离，方便轿厢与曳引绳脱开。
按上述方案，所述的平移框架为可供轿厢运行至其内部的空间框架结构。
按上述方案，所述的竖向顶升装置为具有自锁功能的液压油缸或丝杆升降机。
按上述方案，所述的导轨为直线导轨。
按上述方案，所述的驱动装置的传动方式为滚珠丝杠或齿轮齿条。
按上述方案，所述的脱挂钩机构包括连接在曳引绳端部的吊具和安装在轿厢上的伸缩杆，伸缩杆伸出与吊具相连，伸缩杆收回与吊具脱开。
按上述方案，所述的子曳引绳的末端连接有吊具，所述的子曳引绳导轨为吊具的导轨，确保吊具沿竖向井道稳定运行，所述的限位装置为设置在吊具的导轨的顶部和底部的活动挡板，用于在轿厢换轨时限制吊具运动，以及在轿厢上、下运行时确保吊具顺利通过。
一种所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯的控制方法，本控制方法包括：
上行步骤：位于上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，位于下行井道中的子曳引绳空载，在对重的平衡作用下，曳引机同时驱动上行井道和下行井道中的子曳引绳，从而驱动轿厢在上行井道中向上运行；
上行转下行步骤：轿厢沿上行井道运行至最顶层的上换轨机构中，曳引机停止工作，限位装置将子曳引绳位置固定，防止轿厢在受力转换时曳引机两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳打滑；换轨机构内的顶升装置将轿厢顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳均处于空载状态，位于上行井道的脱挂钩机构使得上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢脱离，上换轨机构运载轿厢至下行井道一侧，位于下行井道的脱挂钩机构使得下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置带动轿厢下降一段距离，使得下行井道内的子曳引绳受力，即完成换轨；
下行步骤：位于下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，位于上行井道中的子曳引绳空载，在对重的平衡作用下，曳引机同时驱动上行井道和下行井道中的子曳引绳，从而驱动轿厢在下行井道中向下运行；
下行转上行步骤：轿厢沿下行井道运行至最底层的下换轨机构中，曳引机停止工作，限位装置将子曳引绳位置固定，防止轿厢在受力转换时曳引机两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳打滑；换轨机构内的顶升装置将轿厢顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳均处于空载状态，位于下行井道的脱挂钩机构使得下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢脱离，下换轨机构运载轿厢至上行井道一侧，位于上行井道的的脱挂钩机构使得上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置带动轿厢下降一段距离，使得上行井道内的子曳引绳受力，即完成换轨。
本发明的有益效果为：
通过对竖向井道进行功能分工，单个竖向井道主要用于上行或下行，并且在换轨时利用脱挂钩机构便捷的实现曳引绳与轿厢之间的连接与断开，巧妙地避免了曳引绳之间的冲突，从而使得多部轿厢像在竖向井道里循环运行起来，改变了传统电梯单个井道只能运行一个轿厢的现状，解决电梯井道利用率低、占用建筑面积大，运载能力不足等问题，提升高层及超高层建筑电梯的运行品质。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体结构立面图
图2为单轿厢循环运行流程图
图3为换轨机构俯视图
图4为单吊点不对称悬挂平面布置图
图5为双吊点对称悬挂平面布置图
图6为实例方案整体结构示意图
图中：1.1-下行井道，1.2-上行井道，1.3-下换轨井道，1.4-上换轨井道，2-轿厢，3.1-曳引机，3.2-脱挂钩机构，3.2.1-伸缩杆，3.2.2-吊具，3.3-导向轮，3.4-曳引绳，3.4.1-上行井道子曳引绳，3.4.2-下行井道子曳引绳，4.1-平移框架，4.1.1-顶升装置，4.2-平移导轨，4.2.1-滑块，4.3-驱动装置，5-对重，6.-导轨，6.1-轿厢导轨，6.2-吊具的导轨，6.3-对重导轨，7-建筑结构。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例和附图对本发明做进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法，设置在建筑物内的至少两个竖向井道，包括至少一个上行井道1.2和一个下行井道1.1，上行井道1.2与下行井道1.1之间相互平行且相邻布置，上行井道1.2供轿厢2向上运行，下行井道1.1供轿厢2向下运行。竖向井道中设有用于引导轿厢2上下运行的导轨6，为轿厢2的上下运行起到导向作用。
换轨井道包括上换轨井道1.4和下换轨井道1.3，上换轨井道设置在竖向井道的最顶层，下换轨井道1.3设置在竖向井道的最底层，使得两个竖向井道连通起来；换轨井道也可加设在任意中间层，提高调度。换轨机构，设置在换轨井道中，包括位于所述最顶层的上换轨机构，和位于所述最底层的下换轨机构，上换轨机构用于将轿厢2从上行井道1.2运载至相邻的下行井道1.1，下换轨机构用于将轿厢2从下行井道1.1运载至相邻的上行井道1.2，从而实现多部轿厢在不同井道间的循环运行。
每个轿厢2对应一套专属曳引系统3.1、3.2、3.3、3.4和一套专属对重系统5。
曳引系统，包括曳引机3.1、曳引绳3.4和脱挂钩机构3.2，曳引绳3.4一端与对重5连接，另一端在绕过曳引机3.1绳轮后分为两股子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2，两股子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2分别引入上行井道1.2和下行井道1.1，两股子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2的末端均设有用于与轿厢2连接的脱挂钩机构3.2，当一股子曳引绳3.4.1或3.4.2连接轿厢在井道内运行时，另一股子曳引绳3.4.2或3.4.1空载，同步在井道内运行；所述脱挂钩机构3.2可实现子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2与轿厢2的连接或脱开，当轿厢2运行至换轨机构后，子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2通过脱挂钩机构3.2与轿厢2脱离，轿厢2在换轨机构带动下完成换轨，然后子曳引绳3.4.1、 3.4.2再通过脱挂钩机构3.2与轿厢2连接。从结构上可以看出对重5同时“牵引”着两个竖直井道内的子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2。通常曳引绳3.4为钢丝绳。
导轨6包含轿厢导轨6.1，子曳引绳导轨和对重导轨6.3。
如图3所示，所述的换轨机构包括平移框架4.1、平移导轨4.2和驱动装置4.3，平移框架4.1通过滑块4.2.1与平移导轨4.2相连，可载着轿厢沿导轨行走，驱动装置4.3提供行走的动力，平移框架4.1一般为空间钢框架，平移导轨4.2一般为导向精度较高的直线导轨，可满足轿厢导轨对接时的阶差要求，驱动装置4.3一般为行程精度较高的滚珠丝杠，也是为了满足轿厢导轨对接时的阶差要求。本实施方案中，直线导轨4.2和驱动装置4.3的一端固定在结构上，驱动装置4.3的另一端固定在平移框架4.1上，驱动电机转动，带动滚珠丝杠转动，从而带动平移框架在直线导轨上往复运动。
进一步的，所述的平移框架4.1内设置有同竖向井道内相同的轿厢导轨6，轿厢2可直接运行至平移框架4.1内，导轨6可限制轿厢2水平运动；所述的平移框架4.1内还设置有可自锁的竖向顶升装置4.1.1，在轿厢2运行至平移框架4.1内后，可托住轿厢2，并可带动轿厢2上升一段距离，方便轿厢2与曳引绳3.4脱开。本实施案例中所述的顶升机构4.1.1为螺旋升降机，其丝杆不仅可以伸长和缩短，而且还可以旋转90°，在实现顶升或回落轿厢2的功能的同时，还不影响轿厢2在平移框架4.1内运行。
进一步的，所述的脱挂钩机构3.2包括连接在曳引绳3.4端部的吊具3.2.2和安装在轿厢2上的伸缩杆3.2.1，伸缩杆3.2.1伸出与吊具3.2.2相连，伸缩杆3.2.1收回与吊具3.2.2脱开。
更细节的，所述的子曳引绳导轨实则为吊具3.2.2的导轨6.2，确保吊具3.2.2沿竖向井道稳定运行，导轨6的顶部和底部分别设置有活动挡板3.2.3，在轿厢2换轨时活动挡板可限制吊具3.2.2运动，在轿厢2上、下运行时活动挡板可确保吊具3.2.2顺利通过。活动挡板3.2.3起到限位作用，此处也可采用其它限位装置。
本实施案例中，当轿厢2运行到上换轨井道1.4后，会减速至0，到达平层，首先动作的是导轨6上部的活动挡板3.2.3，限制吊具3.2.2运动，然后平移框架4.1内的顶升装置4.1.1会带动轿厢顶升5cm，此时子曳引绳3.2.1处于空载状态，轿厢2荷载由顶升装置4.1.1传递至平移框架4.1，再传递至直线导轨4.2，活动挡板4.2.3为吊具3.2.2提供一个竖直向下的力，平衡对重5的重量，此时脱钩前准备工作就绪，伸缩杆3.2.1缩回，与吊具3.2.2脱离，然后平移框架4.1载着轿 厢2沿直线导轨4.2水平运动，至指定位置后，伸缩杆3.2.1伸出与子曳引绳3.4.2的吊具3.2.2相连，顶升装置4.1.1回落，活动挡板3.2.3打开，完成换钩。轿厢2向下运行，然后平移框架4.1再返回至与上行井道1.2对应的初始位置，准备运载下一个轿厢2。
图4给出了一种四轿厢单点不对称悬挂的方案，对重5位于上行井道1.2和下行井道1.1的左、右两侧，每个轿厢2上设置一个伸缩杆3.2.1，属于一种单点不对称悬挂的方案，是本发明的良好解决方案之一。
图5给出了一种四轿厢双点对称悬挂的方案，对重5位于轿厢2背后，每个轿厢2上设置两个伸缩杆3.2.1，属于一种双点对称悬挂的方案，是本发明的另一个很好的示例。
从下行井道1.1转换到上行井道1.2，控制方法与上述同理。
在空间允许范围内可以在井道内任意增加轿厢数量(有限个)及其对应的曳引系统和对重系统。
所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯及控制方法，电梯循环运行流程如图2所示，本方法包括：
上行步骤：位于上行井道1.2中的子曳引绳3.4.1与轿厢2连接，位于下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.4.2空载，在对重5的平衡作用下，曳引机3.1同时驱动上行井道1.2和下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2，从而驱动轿厢2在上行井道1.2中向上运行；
上行转下行步骤：轿厢2沿上行井道1.2运行至最顶层的上换轨机构中，曳引机3.1停止工作，活动挡板3.2.3将吊具3.2.2位置固定，防止轿厢2在受力转换时曳引机3.1两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳3.4打滑。换轨机构内的顶升装置4.1.1将轿厢2顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2均处于空载状态，位于上行井道1.2的脱挂钩机构3.2的伸缩杆3.2.1收回，使得上行井道1.2中的子曳引绳3.4.1与轿厢2脱离，上换轨机构运载轿厢2至下行井道1.1一侧，位于下行井道1.1的脱挂钩机构3.2的伸缩杆3.2.1伸出，使得下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.2.2与轿厢2连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置4.1.1带动轿厢2下降一段距离，使得下行井道1.1内的子曳引绳3.4.2受力，即完成换轨；
下行步骤：位于下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.4.2与轿厢2连接，位于上行井道1.2中的子曳引绳3.4.1空载，在对重5的平衡作用下，曳引机3.1同时驱动上行井道1.2和下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2，从而驱动轿厢2在下行 井道1.1中向下运行；
下行转上行步骤：轿厢2沿下行井道1.1运行至最底层的下换轨机构中，曳引机3.1停止工作，活动挡板3.2.3将吊具3.2.2位置固定，防止轿厢2在受力转换时曳引机3.1两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳3.4打滑。换轨机构内的顶升装置4.1.1将轿厢2顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳3.4.1、3.4.2均处于空载状态，位于下行井道1.1的脱挂钩机构3.2的伸缩杆3.2.1收回，使得下行井道1.1中的子曳引绳3.4.2与轿厢2脱离，下换轨机构运载轿厢2至上行井道1.2一侧，位于上行井道1.2的脱挂钩机构3.2的伸缩杆3.2.1伸出，使得上行井道1.2中的子曳引绳3.4.1与轿厢2连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置4.1.1带动轿厢2下降一段距离，使得上行井道1.2内的子曳引绳3.4.1受力，即完成换轨。
以上实施案例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点，其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以，凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：本电梯包括：
    设置在建筑物内的至少两个竖向井道，包括至少一个上行井道和一个下行井道，上行井道与下行井道之间相互平行且相邻布置，竖向井道之间设有中间墙体，上行井道主要供轿厢向上运行，下行井道主要供轿厢向下运行；
    换轨井道，至少设置在竖向井道的最顶层和最底层，使得两个竖向轨道连通起来；
    换轨机构，设置在换轨井道中，包括位于所述最顶层的上换轨机构，和位于所述最底层的下换轨机构，上换轨机构用于将轿厢从上行井道运载到相邻的下行井道，下换轨机构用于将轿厢从下行井道运载到相邻的上行井道，从而完成轿厢换轨，实现多部轿厢在竖向井道内的循环运行；换轨机构内设置有顶升装置，用于在换轨过程中托起轿厢；
    轿厢系统，包括轿厢，每个轿厢对应一套专属曳引系统和一套专属对重系统，在竖向井道和换轨井道内循环运行；
    曳引系统，包括曳引机、曳引绳和脱挂钩机构，曳引绳一端与对重连接，另一端在绕过曳引机绳轮后分为两股子曳引绳，两股子曳引绳分别引入上行井道和下行井道，两股子曳引绳的末端均设有用于与轿厢连接的脱挂钩机构，当一股子曳引绳连接轿厢在井道内运行时，另一股子曳引绳空载，同步在井道内运行；所述脱挂钩机构用于实现子曳引绳与轿厢的连接或脱开，当轿厢运行至换轨机构后，子曳引绳通过脱挂钩机构与轿厢脱离，轿厢在换轨机构带动下完成换轨，然后子曳引绳再通过脱挂钩机构与轿厢连接；
    对重系统，包括所述的对重，用于平衡轿厢、脱挂钩机构和部分活荷载的重量；
    导向系统，包括轿厢导轨、子曳引绳导轨和对重导轨，子曳引绳导轨的顶部和底部均设置有限位装置，用于在轿厢与曳引绳脱开后，平移换轨时，代替轿厢平衡对重的重量；
    控制系统，控制轿厢在竖向井道内运行、换轨机构运行、多部轿厢运行调度，保障轿厢运行安全。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的换轨机构包括平移框架、平移导轨和驱动装置，平移框架通过滑块与平移导轨相连，从而载着轿厢沿导轨行走，驱动装置提供行走的动力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述 的平移框架内设置有同竖向井道内相同的轿厢导轨，使得轿厢直接运行至平移框架内，轿厢导轨用于限制轿厢水平运动；所述的顶升装置为设置在所述的平移框架内可自锁的竖向顶升装置，用于在轿厢运行至平移框架内后托住轿厢，并带动轿厢上升一段距离，方便轿厢与曳引绳脱开。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的平移框架为可供轿厢运行至其内部的空间框架结构。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的竖向顶升装置为具有自锁功能的液压油缸或丝杆升降机。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的导轨为直线导轨。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的驱动装置的传动方式为滚珠丝杠或齿轮齿条。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的脱挂钩机构包括连接在曳引绳端部的吊具和安装在轿厢上的伸缩杆，伸缩杆伸出与吊具相连，伸缩杆收回与吊具脱开。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯，其特征在于：所述的子曳引绳的末端连接有吊具，所述的子曳引绳导轨为吊具的导轨，确保吊具沿竖向井道稳定运行，所述的限位装置为设置在吊具的导轨的顶部和底部的活动挡板，用于在轿厢换轨时限制吊具运动，以及在轿厢上、下运行时确保吊具顺利通过。
  10. 一种权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的曳引式多轿厢循环运行电梯的控制方法，其特征在于：本控制方法包括：
    上行步骤：位于上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，位于下行井道中的子曳引绳空载，在对重的平衡作用下，曳引机同时驱动上行井道和下行井道中的子曳引绳，从而驱动轿厢在上行井道中向上运行；
    上行转下行步骤：轿厢沿上行井道运行至最顶层的上换轨机构中，曳引机停止工作，限位装置将子曳引绳位置固定，防止轿厢在受力转换时曳引机两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳打滑；换轨机构内的顶升装置将轿厢顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳均处于空载状态，位于上行井道的脱挂钩机构使得上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢脱离，上换轨机构运载轿厢至下行井道一侧，位于下行井道的脱挂钩机构使得下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置带动轿厢下 降一段距离，使得下行井道内的子曳引绳受力，即完成换轨；
    下行步骤：位于下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，位于上行井道中的子曳引绳空载，在对重的平衡作用下，曳引机同时驱动上行井道和下行井道中的子曳引绳，从而驱动轿厢在下行井道中向下运行；
    下行转上行步骤：轿厢沿下行井道运行至最底层的下换轨机构中，曳引机停止工作，限位装置将子曳引绳位置固定，防止轿厢在受力转换时曳引机两侧因重量不平衡导致曳引绳打滑；换轨机构内的顶升装置将轿厢顶升一段距离，此时两股子曳引绳均处于空载状态，位于下行井道的脱挂钩机构使得下行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢脱离，下换轨机构运载轿厢至上行井道一侧，位于上行井道的的脱挂钩机构使得上行井道中的子曳引绳与轿厢连接，换轨机构内的顶升装置带动轿厢下降一段距离，使得上行井道内的子曳引绳受力，即完成换轨。
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