WO2022196732A1 - ヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム、光学積層体、機能性ガラス、およびヘッドアップディスプレイシステム - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム、光学積層体、機能性ガラス、およびヘッドアップディスプレイシステム Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
- B32B17/10458—Polarization selective transmission
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/51—Elastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
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- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/10—Trains
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/60—Structural details of dashboards or instruments
- B60K2360/66—Projection screens or combiners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/77—Instrument locations other than the dashboard
- B60K2360/785—Instrument locations other than the dashboard on or in relation to the windshield or windows
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B2027/0192—Supplementary details
- G02B2027/0194—Supplementary details with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to optical functional films, optical laminates, and functional glasses that are suitable for application to, for example, head-up displays, and also to head-up displays using them.
- HUD head-up displays
- LCD liquid crystal display
- the emitted light emitted from the image display means is reflected by the reflecting mirror, and after being reflected by the windshield, reaches the observer.
- the observer sees an image projected onto the windshield, but the image appears to be at an image location farther than the windshield.
- the displayed information is actually projected onto the scenery seen through the windshield, but the displayed light is reflected on the two surfaces of the windshield, the interior side and the exterior side, so the reflected image is a double image. As a result, there is a problem that the displayed information is difficult to see.
- Patent Document 2 a technique in which a circularly polarized light reflecting film made using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two quarter-wave plates is used to allow P-polarized light to enter.
- Patent Document 2 incident linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light by a quarter-wave plate, and the converted circularly polarized light is reflected by a light-reflecting film made using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, thereby making it visible to the observer. to enable.
- the P-polarized light incident on the quarter-wave plate on the inside of the vehicle is converted into circularly polarized light as efficiently as possible, and is passed through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer to the quarter-wave plate on the outside of the vehicle. It is desirable that incident circularly polarized light is converted to P-polarized light more efficiently.
- JP-A-6-40271 Japanese Patent No. 5973109
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical functional film for a head-up display, an optical laminate, functional glass, and a head-up display system using them, which have excellent polarization conversion capability in a wide wavelength range.
- An optical functional film for a head-up display comprises (A) two or more retardation layers and (B) an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is adjacent to at least one retardation layer. and the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the refractive index of the retardation layer adjacent to the adhesive layer in the fast axis direction is less than 0.060.
- the (B) adhesive layer is provided adjacent to two retardation layers, and the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the fast axis direction of the two retardation layers
- the absolute values of the refractive index differences are all less than 0.060.
- the difference between the elastic modulus at 25°C and the elastic modulus at 140°C is 500 MPa or less.
- At least one of the (A) two or more retardation layers is a half-wave plate.
- all of the (A) two or more retardation layers are half-wave plates.
- the adhesive layer (B) is a cured film obtained by curing a curable compound.
- the curable compound is a photocurable compound.
- the optical layered body for head-up displays according to the embodiment of the present invention has (C) an intermediate film laminated on the optical functional film for head-up displays according to the present embodiment.
- a functional glass for head-up displays according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the optical functional film for head-up displays or the optical laminate for head-up displays according to the present embodiment, and (D) a glass plate.
- a head-up display system includes the optical functional film for head-up display, the optical laminate for head-up display, or the functional glass for head-up display according to this embodiment as a display medium.
- the light emitted from the display image projection means is incident from the side where the retardation layer having the highest refractive index among the (A) two or more retardation layers is arranged. be done.
- the light emitted from the display image projection means is S-polarized light.
- an optical functional film for a head-up display an optical laminate, a functional glass, and a head-up display system using them, which have excellent polarization conversion capabilities in a wide wavelength range.
- FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an optical functional film for head-up display according to the present invention
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is side sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the optical laminated body for head-up displays according to this invention.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is side sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment of the functional glass for head-up displays according to this invention.
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a head-up display system according to the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of a head-up display system according to the present invention;
- the expression “for head-up display” may be omitted and simply referred to as an optical functional film, an optical laminate, or a functional glass.
- Terms such as “(meth)acryloyl” and “(meth)acrylate” mean “acryloyl” or “methacryloyl”, “acrylate” or “methacrylate” respectively.
- the "head-up display” may be expressed as HUD, and the film used for the retardation layer may be expressed as retardation film.
- the optical functional film of the present invention comprises (A) two or more retardation layers and (B) an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer is adjacent to at least one retardation layer, and the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the adhesion
- the absolute value of the refractive index difference in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer adjacent to the layer is less than 0.060. This eliminates unevenness in the occurrence of double images depending on the projection position, and suppresses the occurrence of double images regardless of the projection position. can provide.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the optical function film of the present invention, and the optical function film 10 is laminated with a retardation layer 101 and an adhesive layer 102 .
- the adhesive layer 102 is provided adjacent to two retardation layers 101 respectively, that is, two retardation layers 101 are respectively laminated on both sides of the adhesive layer 102 .
- the retardation layer 101 is provided on the outside of the optical function film 10, that is, on the side that does not contact the adhesive layer 102 with the support substrate described later. .
- the optical functional film of the present invention has two or more retardation layers, and the retardation layer of each retardation layer is a layer having a function of converting the polarization axis of incident light, (A- 1) 1/2 wavelength plate, (A-2) 1/4 wavelength plate, (A-3) laminate of 1/2 wavelength plate and circularly polarized light reflecting layer, (A-4) 1/4 wavelength plate and Examples include a laminate with a circularly polarized light reflecting layer, (A-5) and other layers having an arbitrary retardation.
- Two or more retardation layers can be used in any combination of the retardation layers described in (A-1) to (A-5) above, and may be the same or different.
- At least one layer is a half-wave plate, and all (A-1) are more preferably half-wave plates.
- a half-wave plate is particularly preferred.
- (A) an aspect in which two or more retardation layers function as a whole as a half-wave plate, or (A-1) to (A-5) even if the retardation layers are combined, the entire is preferably a mode in which it functions as a half-wave plate.
- the circularly polarized light reflecting layer for example, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer using cholesteric liquid crystal is preferable.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the circularly polarized light reflecting layer is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the circularly polarized light reflecting layer is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of polymerizability of liquid crystals.
- a half-wave plate converts P-polarized light to S-polarized light or S-polarized light to P-polarized light, that is, a retardation element having the function of converting the polarization axis.
- Such a half-wave plate is produced, for example, by uniaxially stretching a film made of polycarbonate or a cycloolefin polymer so that the phase difference is 1/2 of the wavelength, or by horizontally aligning a polymerizable liquid crystal so that the phase difference is 1/2 of the wavelength. It can be obtained by orienting the thickness so that it becomes 1/2.
- a half-wave plate using a horizontally aligned polymerizable liquid crystal includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having an effect of converting the polarization axis, and a support on which a coating liquid forming the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied. It consists of a substrate.
- the support substrate is not an essential constituent member of the optical functional film of the present invention, and the polymerizable liquid crystal layer can be transferred to another substrate (for example, an intermediate film or a glass plate) for use.
- the upper limit of the thickness of such a half-wave plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the half-wave plate is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of the polymerizability of the liquid crystal.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element
- ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element
- ny is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the retardation element.
- the coefficient Nz represented by the following formula (1) is preferably controlled to be 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less.
- a liquid crystal composition forming the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied onto the support substrate.
- a support substrate is preferably transparent in the visible light region in order to maintain the visibility of the displayed image when the half-wave plate is used in the HUD, and specifically has a wavelength of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less.
- the visible light transmittance of is 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 85% or more.
- the support substrate may be colored, but it is preferably not colored or colored slightly.
- the refractive index of the supporting substrate is preferably 1.2 or more and 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.4 or more and 1.8 or less.
- the thickness of the support substrate may be appropriately selected depending on the application, preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the support substrate may be a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers.
- support substrates include, for example, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), acrylic, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- polyolefin acrylic, and the like, which have low birefringence, are preferred.
- a method for producing a half-wave plate using the above nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group will be described.
- a nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group is dissolved in a solvent, and then a photopolymerization initiator is added.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the liquid crystal monomer to be used.
- this solution is applied on a plastic substrate such as a PET film or a TAC film used as a support substrate so as to make the thickness as uniform as possible. Let it stand for a certain period of time under such temperature conditions.
- the plastic film surface is subjected to rubbing treatment in a desired orientation direction before coating, or a photo-alignment material (orientation film coating solution) that exhibits photo-orientation by polarized light irradiation is formed on the plastic film substrate surface and polarized light is irradiated.
- Orientation of the liquid crystal can be made more uniform by performing such an orientation treatment. This makes it possible to control the slow axis of the half-wave plate at a desired angle and reduce the haze value of the half-wave plate.
- the nematic liquid crystal monomer is irradiated with ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp or the like to fix the alignment of the liquid crystal, thereby obtaining a half-wave plate having a desired slow axis. .
- a quarter-wave plate can also be used as the retardation layer.
- a quarter-wave plate is a retardation element that has a function of converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
- Such a quarter-wave plate can be produced, for example, by uniaxially stretching a film made of polycarbonate or a cycloolefin polymer so that the phase difference is 1/4 of the wavelength, or by horizontally aligning a polymerizable liquid crystal with a phase difference. It can be obtained by, for example, orienting it with a thickness that is 1/4 of the wavelength.
- the quarter-wave plate preferably includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as in the half-wave plate.
- the quarter-wave plate is composed of a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having a function of converting the polarization axis, and a support substrate on which a coating liquid forming the polymerizable liquid crystal layer is applied.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal layer and the support substrate the same material as the nematic liquid crystal monomer and the support substrate used in the half-wave plate can be used.
- the supporting substrate is not an essential constituent member of the optical functional film, and the polymerizable liquid crystal layer can be used by transferring it to another substrate (for example, an intermediate film or a glass plate). .
- a retardation element called a broadband quarter-wave plate may be used when the phase difference shift due to chromatic dispersion is large.
- a broadband quarter-wave plate is a retardation element in which the wavelength dependence of the phase difference is reduced. Examples include a retardation element laminated so as to form an angle of 60°, a polycarbonate-based retardation element (manufactured by Teijin Ltd.: Pure Ace WR-S) with reduced wavelength dependence of retardation, and the like.
- the phase difference may change depending on the light incident angle depending on the phase difference element.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element
- ny is the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the slow axis direction in the plane of the retardation element
- the coefficient Nz represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the quarter-wave plate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the quarter-wave plate is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the half-wave plate or quarter-wave plate used as the retardation layer preferably includes a polymerizable liquid crystal layer containing polymerizable liquid crystals.
- a polymerizable liquid crystal is a nematic liquid crystal monomer that has a polymerizable group in its molecule and exhibits liquid crystallinity within a certain temperature range or concentration range. Examples of polymerizable groups include (meth)acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, chalconyl groups, cinnamoyl groups and epoxy groups. Further, in order for the polymerizable liquid crystal to exhibit liquid crystallinity, it is preferable that the molecule has a mesogenic group.
- the mesogenic group is, for example, a rod-like or plate-like substituent such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a (poly)benzoic acid phenyl ester group, a (poly)ether group, a benzylideneaniline group, or an acenaphthoquinoxaline group, or It means a discotic substituent such as a triphenylene group, a phthalocyanine group or an azacrown group, ie a group capable of inducing liquid crystal phase behavior.
- Liquid crystal compounds with rod-shaped or platelet-shaped substituents are known in the art as calamitic liquid crystals.
- Nematic liquid crystal monomers having such a polymerizable group are, for example, polymerizable liquid crystals described in JP-A-2003-315556 and JP-A-2004-29824, PALIOCOLOR series (manufactured by BASF) and RMM series. (manufactured by Merck) and other polymerizable liquid crystals. These nematic liquid crystal monomers having a polymerizable group may be used singly or in combination.
- a polymerizable compound having no liquid crystallinity that can react with a nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group.
- examples of such compounds include UV-curable resins.
- the ultraviolet curable resin include dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, a reaction product of dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate and 1,6-hexamethylene-diisocyanate, and triisocyanate having an isocyanuric ring.
- These ultraviolet curable resins having no liquid crystallinity must be added to the extent that the composition containing the nematic liquid crystal monomer does not lose liquid crystallinity. 0.1 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less.
- nematic liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group and the polymerizable compound having no liquid crystallinity described above are UV-curable, a photopolymerization initiator is added to cure the composition containing them with UV rays.
- photopolymerization initiators examples include 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropane-1 (OMNIRAD (registered trademark) 907 manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.), 1-hydroxy Cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (OMnirad (registered trademark) 184 manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.), 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl (2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone (Omnirad manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.) (R) 2959), 1-(4-dodecylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one (Merck Darocur® 953), 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2 -Hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one (Merck Darocur® 1116), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (IGM Resins B.V.
- OMNIRAD registered trademark
- Omnirad Acetophenone compounds such as registered trademark) 1173 and diethoxyacetophenone; benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Irgacure 651 manufactured by BASF), etc. benzoin compounds; benzoylbenzoic acid, methyl benzoylbenzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenylsulfide, 3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- KAYACURE registered trademark MBP
- KAYACURE registered trademark RTX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone KAYACURE (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- KAYACURE registered trademark
- CTX 2,4-diethylthioxanthone
- DETX 2,4-diethylthioxanthone
- thioxanthone compounds such as 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone (KAYACURE (registered trademark) DITX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.).
- Preferred photopolymerization initiators include, for example, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE01, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE02, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE03, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE04 (all manufactured by BASF), Omnirad (registered trademark) TPO H, Omnirad® 1300, Omnirad® 184, Omnirad® 369, Omnirad® 379, Omnirad® 819, Omnirad® 127, Omnirad® 907 and Omnirad (registered trademark) 1173 (both manufactured by IGM Resins BV), particularly preferably Omnirad (registered trademark) TPO H, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE01, Irgacure (registered trademark) OXE02, Omnirad® 1300 and Omnirad® 907. These photopolymerization initiators can be used singly or in combination at any ratio.
- auxiliaries are triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, n-butylamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, Michler's ketone, 4,4'-diethylaminophenone, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid.
- auxiliaries include amine compounds such as ethyl, (n-butoxy)ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator and auxiliary agent described above is preferably used within a range that does not affect the liquid crystallinity of the liquid crystal composition. It is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the auxiliary agent is contained in the range of 0.5 to 2 times the amount of the photopolymerization initiator.
- the optical functional film according to the present invention includes (A) an adhesive layer adjacent to at least one retardation layer of two or more retardation layers, and the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the adjacent retardation layer and (B) the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the adhesive layer is less than 0.060.
- the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the refractive index of the two retardation layers in the fast axis direction is 0.060. It is preferably less than
- the adhesive layer is adjacent to the retardation layer.
- the refractive index of the adhesive layer is required to be approximately the same as the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the adjacent retardation layer, specifically, the absolute value of the difference in refractive index is less than 0.060, It is preferably less than 0.055, more preferably less than 0.045, particularly preferably less than 0.040.
- the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the refractive index of the retardation layer in the fast axis direction can be measured using a commercially available digital refractometer or the like.
- the refractive index of the adhesive layer is preferably 1.400 or more and 1.800 or less.
- the upper limit of the refractive index of the adhesive layer is 1.750, 1.700 and 1.650 in order of preference, with 1.600 being particularly preferred.
- the lower limit of the refractive index of the adhesive layer is 1.450 and 1.500 in order of preference, with 1.550 being particularly preferred. Therefore, (the refractive index of the adhesive layer is most preferably 1.550 or more and 1.600 or less.
- the refractive index of the adhesive layer is the cured film of the adhesive composition used for forming the adhesive layer, which will be described later.
- the refractive index in the uncured state is 1.400 or more and 1.700.
- the following adhesive composition may be selected:
- the upper limit of the refractive index of the adhesive composition in the uncured state is 1.700, 1.650, 1.600, and 1.550 in the order of preference. , 1.545 are particularly preferred, and the lower limit of the refractive index in the uncured state of the adhesive composition is 1.400, 1.450, and 1.500 in order of preference, with 1.520 being particularly preferred.
- the refractive index of the composition in an uncured state is 1.520 or more and 1.545 or less.
- the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer adjacent to the adhesive layer is preferably 1.500 or more and 1.850 or less.
- the upper limit of the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer is 1.800, 1.750, 1.700 and 1.650 in order of preference, and 1.620 is particularly preferred.
- the lower limit of the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer is 1.550, 1.560, 1.570, 1.580 and 1.590 in order of preference, and 1.595 is particularly preferred. Therefore, the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer is most preferably 1.595 or more and 1.620 or less.
- the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer and the refractive index of the adhesive layer must also be established between both retardation layers.
- the average reflectance of the adhesive layer is preferably 5.000% or more and 7.000% or less.
- Average reflectance, after producing a cured film by curing the adhesive composition described later on the substrate, using a spectrophotometer (eg UV-3600 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the wavelength range of 400nm or more and 700nm or less. can be obtained by measuring the orthogonal reflectance of the adhesive layer (cured film) a plurality of times when polarized light is incident at , and calculating the average.
- the upper limit of the average reflectance of the adhesive layer is, in order of preference, 6.950%, 6.850%, 6.750% and 6.650%, and particularly preferably 6.600%.
- the lower limit of the average reflectance of the adhesive layer is 5.500%, 5.580%, 5.590% and 5.600% in order of preference, and 5.700% is particularly preferred. Therefore, the average reflectance of the adhesive layer is most preferably 5.700% or more and 6.600% or less.
- the average reflectance of the retardation layer is preferably 5.000% or more and 8.000% or less.
- the upper limit of the average reflectance of the retardation layer is 7.500%, 7.000% and 6.500% in order of preference, and 6.000% is particularly preferred.
- the lower limit of the average reflectance of the retardation layer is 5.100%, 5.200%, and particularly preferably 5.300% in order of preference. Therefore, the average reflectance of the retardation layer is most preferably 5.300% or more and 6.000% or less.
- the difference between the elastic modulus at room temperature and the elastic modulus at high temperature is preferably 500 MPa or less.
- the room temperature is preferably 5°C or higher and 40°C or lower, more preferably 25°C.
- the high temperature is preferably 70°C or higher and 200°C or lower, more preferably 140°C. That is, the difference between the elastic modulus at 25°C and the elastic modulus at 140°C is most preferably 500 MPa or less.
- the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer is measured by using a universal testing machine (for example, Tensilon universal testing machine RTG-1210 manufactured by A&D Co., Ltd.) after preparing a cured film by curing the adhesive composition described later on the substrate. can be obtained by measuring the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer (cured film) using
- the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer at room temperature and high temperature is preferably 500 MPa or less, more preferably 350 MPa or less, and even more preferably 300 MPa or less.
- the modulus of elasticity is obtained by pulling the sample at a speed of 100 mm/min using a tensile tester in accordance with the measurement method of JIS K 7127:1999 (ISO527-3:2012), and determining the strength and elongation when the sample is cut. It is measured from the maximum elasticity (linear expression of the tangent to the maximum slope of the SS curve) just before the sample is deformed.
- the adhesive layer is preferably a cured film obtained by curing a curable compound.
- curable compounds include thermosetting compounds and photocurable compounds, and photocurable compounds are preferred.
- thermosetting compound includes, for example, a curable compound having a cyclic ether structure such as an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group.
- the thermosetting compound having a cyclic ether structure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include epoxy resins (aliphatic epoxy resins including alicyclic epoxy resins or aromatic epoxy resins), oxetane resins, furan resins, and the like.
- epoxy resins which may contain an aliphatic ring, for example, an aliphatic ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- oxetane resins are preferred from the viewpoint of reaction rate and versatility.
- the epoxy resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include novolac types such as phenol novolak type, cresol novolak type, biphenyl novolak type, trisphenol novolak type, and dicyclopentadiene novolak type; bisphenol A type, bisphenol F type, 2,2′. - Bisphenol types such as diallyl bisphenol A type, hydrogenated bisphenol type, and polyoxypropylene bisphenol A type. Other examples include glycidylamine and the like.
- Examples of commercially available epoxy resins include, for example, phenol novolac epoxy resins such as Epiclon (registered trademark) series N-740, N-770, and N-775 (all manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals), and Epicote. (registered trademark) 152, Epicoat (registered trademark) 154 (both manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- phenol novolac epoxy resins such as Epiclon (registered trademark) series N-740, N-770, and N-775 (all manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals)
- Epicote. (registered trademark) 152 Epicoat (registered trademark) 154 (both manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- cresol novolac types include Epiclon (registered trademark) series such as N-660, N-665, N-670, N-673, N-680, N-695, N-665-EXP, N-672- EXP (both manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.); biphenyl novolac type, for example, NC-3000P (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); company); dicyclopentadiene novolac type, for example, XD-1000-L (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), HP-7200 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals); bisphenol A type epoxy compounds, for example, Epicote (registered trademark) 828, Epicote (registered trademark) 834, Epicote (registered trademark) 1001, Epicote (registered trademark) 1004 (all manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), Epiclon (registered trademark)
- the alicyclic epoxy resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Celoxide (registered trademark) 2021, Celoxide (registered trademark) 2080, and Celoxide (registered trademark) 3000 (all of which are manufactured by Daicel UCB). mentioned.
- Examples of commercially available oxetane resins include Ethanacol (registered trademark) EHO, Ethanacol (registered trademark) OXBP, Ethanacol (registered trademark) OXTP, and Ethanacol (registered trademark) OXMA (all manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.). These curable compounds having a cyclic ether group may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- photocurable compound examples include resins having a vinyl group, a vinyl ether group, an allyl group, a maleimide group, a (meth)acryloyl group, and the like.
- resins having (meth)acryloyl groups, such as (meth)acrylate compounds are preferred from the viewpoint of reactivity and versatility.
- Resins having a (meth)acryloyl group include, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol mono (meth)acrylate, carbitol (meth)acrylate, Acryloylmorpholine, half ester which is a reaction product of hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate and acid anhydride of polyvalent carboxylic acid compound, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate ) acrylate, trimethylolpropane polyethoxytri(meth)acrylate, glycerin polypropoxytri(meth)acrylate, di(meth)acrylate of ⁇ -caprolactone adduct of neopentylglycol hydroxypivalate (for example, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., KA
- the glycidyl compound used in the epoxy (meth)acrylate which is a reaction product of a mono- or polyglycidyl compound and (meth)acrylic acid, is not particularly limited.
- biphenylphenol tetramethylbisphenol A, dimethylbisphenol A, tetramethylbisphenol F, dimethylbisphenol F, tetramethylbisphenol S, dimethylbisphenol S, tetramethyl-4,4'-biphenol, dimethyl-4,4'-biphenylphenol, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4-(1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)phenyl]propane, 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert- butylphenol), 4,4′-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), trishydroxyphenylmethane, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phenols having a
- Epoxy (meth)acrylate which is a reaction product of these mono- or polyglycidyl compounds and (meth)acrylic acid, can be obtained by subjecting the epoxy group to an esterification reaction with an equivalent amount of (meth)acrylic acid.
- This synthetic reaction can be carried out by a generally known method.
- resorcinol diglycidyl ether with its equivalent amount of (meth)acrylic acid, a catalyst (e.g., benzyldimethylamine, triethylamine, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, triphenylphosphine, triphenylstibine, etc.) and a polymerization inhibitor (e.g., methoquinone, hydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, phenothiazine, dibutylhydroxytoluene, etc.) to carry out an esterification reaction at, for example, 80 to 110.degree.
- the (meth)acrylated resorcinol diglycidyl ether thus obtained is a resin having a radically polymerizable (meth)acryloyl group.
- the curable compound is preferably a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin, more preferably a photocurable resin, and a photocurable resin having 3 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule.
- Photocurable resins having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups and polar functional groups in the molecule include, for example, pentaerythritol triacrylate (eg, KAYARAD (registered trademark) PET-30 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), A mixture of pentaerythritol pentaacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (for example, KAYARAD (registered trademark) DPHA manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate (for example, 701A Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) ), ethoxylated isocyanuric acid triacrylate (e.g.
- A-9300 Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. ⁇ -caprolactone-modified tris-(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate
- ⁇ -caprolactone-modified tris-(2-acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate e.g. A-9300-1CL Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate (for example, R-115F, R-130, R-381, etc. manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), bisphenol F type epoxy acrylate (for example, ZFA-266H Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), epoxy acrylate resins such as acid-modified epoxy acrylate (e.g.
- polyester urethane acrylate e.g. UX3204, UX-4101, UXT-6100 Nippon Kayaku company
- mixed urethane acrylate e.g. UX-6101, UX-8101 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku
- polyether urethane acrylate UX-937, UXF-4001-M35 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku
- ester urethane Urethane acrylate resins such as acrylates (for example, DPHA-40H, UX-5000, UX-5102D-M20, UX-5103D, UX-5005 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
- a photocurable resin having 3 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule preferably has 3 or more and 10 or less (meth)acryloyl groups, and preferably has 4 or more and 8 or less (meth)acryloyl groups. More preferred.
- the content of the curable compound is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the adhesive layer.
- the curable compound used in the adhesive layer is preferably cured using a curing agent.
- a curing agent and a curing initiator are distinguished, but here both are described as a curing agent.
- thermosetting compound When a thermosetting compound is used as the curable compound, a thermosetting agent is preferably used in combination.
- a thermosetting compound when the thermosetting compound is a thermosetting compound having a cyclic ether, a photocationic initiator or a photoanionic initiator that generate cations or anions upon exposure to light can also be suitably used.
- thermosetting agent a compound that reacts nucleophilically with a lone pair of electrons or an anion in the molecule is used.
- thermosetting agents include amine-based curing agents (hereinafter also referred to as amines), hydrazide-based curing agents (hereinafter also referred to as hydrazides), imidazole-based curing agents (hereinafter also referred to as imidazoles), and polyamides.
- Resins, dicyandiamide, isocyanate, thiol-based curing agents (thiols), phenol-based curing agents (phenols) and the like can be used, but are not limited to these.
- amines examples include aliphatic chain amines, aliphatic cyclic amines, aromatic amines, and modified amines (amine adducts, ketimine, etc.). Further, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine, or quaternary amine may be used, but from the viewpoint of reactivity, primary or secondary amine is preferable.
- Specific amines include, for example, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane, diaminodiphenyl ether, diethylmethylbenzenediamine, 2-methyl-4,6-bis( methylthio)-1,3-benzenediamine, bisaniline, diethyltoluenediamine, diethylthiotoluenediamine, aromatic amines such as N,N'-bis(sec-butylamino)diphenylmethane, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, Aliphatic amines such as diethylamine, triethylamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, norbornanediamine, polyetheramine, triethylenetetramine, and tetraethylenepentamine, and modified
- organic acid hydrazide compounds are particularly preferably used.
- organic acid hydrazide compounds include salicylic acid hydrazide, terephthalic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, 2,6-naphthoic acid dihydrazide, 2,6-pyridine dihydrazide, 1,2,4-benzenetrihydrazide, 1,4,5,
- Aromatic hydrazides such as 8-naphthoic acid tetrahydrazide and pyromellitic acid tetrahydrazide can be mentioned.
- aliphatic hydrazides examples include formhydrazide, acetohydrazide, propionic hydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, malonic acid dihydrazide, succinic acid dihydrazide, glutaric acid dihydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, pimelic acid dihydrazide, sebacic acid dihydrazide, 1,4 -cyclohexanedihydrazide, tartaric acid dihydrazide, malic acid dihydrazide, iminodiacetic acid dihydrazide, N,N'-hexamethylenebissemicarbazide, citric acid trihydrazide, nitriloacetic acid trihydrazide, cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid trihydrazide, 1,3-bis(hydrazinocarbohydrate dihydrazide compounds having a hydantoin skeleton such as noethyl)-5-
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-benzyl -2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazole, 2,4-diamino-6 (2'-methylimidazole (1' )) Ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6(2′-undecylimidazole (1′)) ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6(2′-ethyl, 4-methylimidazole (1′)) ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-d
- thiols examples include PE1, BD1, and NR1 (all manufactured by Showa Denko) as the Karenz MT (registered trademark) series, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptobutyrate), trimethylolethane tris (3-mercaptobutyrate rate) and the like.
- a thiol-based curing agent is a curing agent having at least one thiol group (SH) in its molecule.
- Phenols include, for example, phenol novolaks, bisphenol A, bisphenol S, etc. obtained by condensation reaction of phenol (which may have various substituents) with formalin in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- a curing accelerator When a thermosetting agent is used, a curing accelerator may be used together. Curing accelerators include phenols, organic acids, phosphines, imidazole, and the like. The curing accelerator also includes a compound having a function as a thermosetting agent.
- Phenols include, for example, phenol novolaks, bisphenol A, bisphenol S, etc. obtained by condensation reaction of phenol (which may have various substituents) with formalin in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- organic acids examples include organic carboxylic acids and organic phosphoric acids, but organic carboxylic acids are preferred.
- organic carboxylic acids include aromatic carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, furandicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedioic acid, and sebacic acid.
- Phosphines include, for example, triphenylphosphine, tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, and the like.
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-benzyl -2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-undecylimidazole, 2,4-diamino-6 (2'-methylimidazole (1' )) Ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6(2′-undecylimidazole (1′)) ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-diamino-6(2′-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (1′)) ethyl-s-triazine, 2,4-d
- a photoinitiator When a photocurable compound is used as the curable compound, a photoinitiator is preferably used in combination. However, since the photocurable compound has a functional group such as a double bond that undergoes a chain polymerization reaction with radicals, the use of a thermal radical initiator that generates radicals by heat is not excluded.
- the photoinitiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates radicals upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays or visible light and initiates a chain polymerization reaction. Examples include benzyl dimethyl ketal and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.
- diethylthioxanthone benzophenone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2-methyl-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-1-propane, 2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, camphorquinone, 9-fluorenone, diphenyldisulfide and the like.
- IRGACURE registered trademark
- TPO Seiko Kagaku Co., Ltd.
- Seikuol registered trademark
- the molar extinction coefficient ( ⁇ ) at 365 nm is preferably 50 mL/g cm or more and 10000 mL/g cm or less, and is 100 mL/g cm or more and 8000 mL/g cm or less. more preferably 1000 mL/g ⁇ cm or more and 7500 mL/g ⁇ cm or less.
- the molar extinction coefficient is measured using methanol or acetonitrile as a solvent.
- a radical photopolymerization initiator When a radical photopolymerization initiator is used, its content is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the binder resin.
- the upper limit of this content is more preferably 7 parts by mass, more preferably 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably 4 parts by mass, and most preferably 3 parts by mass.
- the lower limit of this content is more preferably 0.05 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1 part by mass, and 1.5 parts by mass. is most preferred.
- thermal radical polymerization initiator When a thermal radical polymerization initiator is used for the photocurable compound, the thermal radical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates radicals by heating and initiates a chain polymerization reaction. , organic peroxides, azo compounds, benzoin compounds, benzoin ether compounds, acetophenone compounds, benzopinacol, etc., and benzopinacol is preferably used.
- organic peroxides examples include Kayamec (registered trademark) series of A, M, R, L, LH, SP-30C, and Perkadox (registered trademark) series of CH-50L, BC-FF, L- 40ES (Kadox B-40ES), 14, 16, Trigonox (registered trademark) series, 22-70E, 23-C70, 121, 121-50E, 121-LS50E, 21-LS50E, 42, 42LS, Kayaester (registered Trademark) series as P-70, TMPO-70, CND-C70, OO-50E, AN, Kayabutyl (registered trademark) series as B, Kayacarbon (registered trademark) series as BIC-75, AIC-75 (chemical Pharmaceutical Akzo Co., Ltd.), N, H, S, F, D, G as Permec (registered trademark) series, H, HC, TMH, C, V, 22, MC, Percure (as Perhexa (registered trademark)
- a thermal radical polymerization initiator When a thermal radical polymerization initiator is used, its content is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the binder resin.
- the upper limit of this content is more preferably 7 parts by mass, more preferably 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably 4 parts by mass, and most preferably 3 parts by mass.
- the lower limit of this content is more preferably 0.05 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass, particularly preferably 1 part by mass, and 1.5 parts by mass. is most preferred. Therefore, the most preferable range for the content in the adhesive layer is 1.5 parts by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or less.
- an intermediate film is further laminated on the optical function film described above.
- the intermediate film is preferably a thermoplastic resin film, particularly preferably a polyvinyl butyral film.
- the number of intermediate films may be one or more, an optical laminate having a structure in which an optical functional film is sandwiched between two intermediate films is preferable. .
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the optical layered body of the present invention.
- the optical layered body 20 has a structure in which the optical functional film 10 is sandwiched between two intermediate films 201.
- the functional film 10 corresponds to the optical functional film in FIG. 1, for example.
- Such an optical laminate 20 is produced by laminating the intermediate film 201 and the optical function film 10 .
- thermoplastic resin can be used, and it is preferable to use a generally used in-vehicle intermediate film.
- automotive interlayer films include polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), polyvinyl alcohol resin (PVA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA), and cycloolefin polymer (COP).
- Interlayer films made of these resins are preferred because they are versatile as interlayer films for laminated glass.
- the thickness of the intermediate film is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the reflection of display light when the optical laminate is applied to the HUD system described later, and is appropriately designed according to the application. can do.
- Ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, heat stabilizers, colorants, adhesion modifiers and the like may be appropriately added to the intermediate film used in the present invention.
- the interlayer film in which is dispersed is important for producing high-performance heat insulating laminated glass.
- a metal selected from the group consisting of Sn, Ti, Zn, Fe, Al, Co, Ce, Cs, In, Ni, Ag, Cu, Pt, Mn, Ta, W, V and Mo as fine particles that absorb infrared rays. , oxides of the metal, nitrides of the metal, or fine particles of a conductive material such as a composite containing at least two of these are used.
- these materials may be doped with Sn, Sb, F, or the like.
- tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide which are transparent in the visible light region, are used as heat insulating laminated glass for architectural or automotive windows where transparency is required. preferred when used. It is preferable that the particle size of the infrared-absorbing fine particles dispersed in the intermediate film is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the fine particles is 0.2 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to absorb infrared rays while suppressing the scattering of light in the visible light region, prevent the generation of haze, secure radio wave transmission and transparency, and maintain adhesiveness. , transparency, durability, etc. can be maintained at the same level as that of an undoped intermediate film, and furthermore, it is possible to carry out laminated glass processing in a normal laminated glass production line.
- PVB is used for the intermediate film
- the alignment treatment is performed in a constant temperature and constant humidity room in order to keep the moisture content of the intermediate film optimal.
- the intermediate film is partially colored, sandwiched with a layer that has a sound insulation function, or has a sloping thickness (wedge shape) to reduce the ghost phenomenon (double image) in the HUD. can be used.
- the method of laminating the intermediate film and the optical function film there is no particular limitation on the method of laminating the intermediate film and the optical function film, but for example, a method of pressing and laminating the intermediate film and the optical function film at the same time using nip rolls can be mentioned. If the nip rolls can be heated during lamination, it is also possible to apply pressure while heating. If the adhesion between the intermediate film and the optical functional film is poor, surface treatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment may be performed in advance before lamination.
- the intermediate film may be directly laminated on one side or both sides of the optical functional film in a state of being dissolved in a solvent.
- the lower limit of the degree of butyralization is preferably 40 mol%, more preferably 55 mol%, and particularly preferably 60 mol%.
- the upper limit of the degree of butyralization is preferably 85 mol%, more preferably 80 mol%, and particularly preferably 75 mol%.
- the degree of butyralization can be measured by an infrared absorption spectrum (IR) method, for example, using FT-IR.
- the lower limit of the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl butyral resin is preferably 15 mol%, and the upper limit is preferably 35 mol%. If the amount of hydroxyl groups is less than 15 mol %, the adhesiveness between the interlayer film for laminated glass and the glass plate may deteriorate, or the penetration resistance of the laminated glass may deteriorate. On the other hand, if the amount of hydroxyl groups exceeds 35 mol %, the intermediate film may become hard.
- Polyvinyl butyral resin can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with aldehyde.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification of 80 mol % or more and 99.8 mol % or less is generally used.
- the upper limit of the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 4,000, more preferably 3,000, and particularly preferably 2,500. When the degree of polymerization exceeds 4000, it may become difficult to form the intermediate film.
- the functional glass of the present invention comprises the above optical functional film or optical laminate and (D) a glass plate.
- a single glass plate or a plurality of glass plates may be used, but a functional glass having a structure in which the optical functional film or optical laminate is sandwiched between two glass plates is preferable.
- Such functional glass is suitably used as a display medium in a HUD system.
- FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of the functional glass according to the invention.
- the functional glass 30 shown in FIG. 3 has a structure in which the optical laminate 20 is sandwiched between two glass plates 301, and the optical laminate 20 has an optical film 10 sandwiched between two intermediate films 102. ing.
- the intermediate film 201 is an adhesive for maintaining the adhesion between the two glass plates 301 and the optical laminate 20 . It also functions as an agent or adhesive.
- Functional glass is produced, for example, by bonding the optical functional film or optical laminate to a glass plate.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive is applied to one or both sides of the optical functional film or optical laminate, and then the glass plate is laminated.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive is not particularly limited, but if the adhesive may be peeled off later, a material with excellent reworkability and good adhesiveness, such as a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive or an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, is preferable.
- the glass plate is not particularly limited as long as it has sufficient transparency to allow the scenery in front to be seen.
- the refractive index of the glass plate is preferably 1.2 or more and 2.0 or less, more preferably 1.4 or more and 1.8 or less.
- the thickness, shape, etc. of the glass plate are not particularly limited as long as they do not affect the reflection of the display light, and can be appropriately designed according to the application.
- these glass plates may be provided with a multi-layer reflection enhancing film and a metal thin film layer that also serves as a heat shield on the reflecting surface. These films can improve the reflectance of incident polarized light.
- the visible light transmittance of the functional glass is 70% or more. It is preferable to adjust the reflectance such that
- the glass may be either transparent or green colored, and is not particularly limited. These glass plates usually have a thickness of about 2 mm, but glass plates with a thickness slightly less than this can also be used in response to the recent demand for lighter glass. A glass plate is cut into a predetermined shape, the glass edge is chamfered, and then washed. When a black frame-like or dot-like print is required, it is printed on a glass plate.
- the glass sheets are heated to 650°C or higher, and then shaped so that the two sheets have the same surface shape by pressing with a mold or bending by their own weight. Cool the glass. At this time, if the cooling rate is excessively increased, a stress distribution occurs in the glass sheet to form tempered glass, so the glass sheet is cooled slowly.
- One of the glass plates thus produced is placed horizontally, the optical functional film or optical laminate of the present invention is placed thereon, and the other glass plate is placed. Next, the optical function film and intermediate film protruding from the edge of the glass are cut and removed with a cutter. After that, pre-adhesion is performed by heating to a temperature of 80° C. to 100° C.
- the bag method in which the glass plate/optical function film or the optical laminate/glass plate laminate is wrapped in a rubber bag made of heat-resistant rubber, etc.;
- the glass plate/optical function film or optical laminate/glass plate laminate taken out of the rubber bag, or the laminate from which the rubber ring was removed was placed in an autoclave and subjected to a high pressure of 10 to 15 kg/cm 2 . 120° C. to 150° C. under these conditions, and heat and pressurize for 20 minutes to 40 minutes.
- the autoclave is cooled to 50° C. or less, the pressure is released, and the functional glass of the present invention consisting of glass plate/optical functional film or optical laminate/glass plate is taken out from the autoclave.
- the functional glass obtained in this way can be used as windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, and roof glasses for large special automobiles and small special automobiles, as well as ordinary automobiles, small automobiles, and light automobiles. Furthermore, it can be used as a window material for railway vehicles, ships, and aircraft, and also as a window material for building materials and industrial applications. In addition, depending on the mode of use, the functional glass can be used by laminating or adhering it to a member having a UV cut function or a light control function.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the HUD system of the present invention.
- the HUD system shown in FIG. 1 includes display image projection means (display) 2 for emitting display light indicating a display image as S-polarized or P-polarized light, and display light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is reflected. It comprises a reflecting mirror 3 and a functional glass 4 of the present invention into which S-polarized light or P-polarized light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is incident.
- the S-polarized light or P-polarized light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 3, and the reflected display light is applied to the functional glass 4 functioning as a windshield, thereby providing the observer 1 with an optical path 5.
- S-polarized light or P-polarized light reaches through , and a virtual image 6 of the displayed image can be visually recognized.
- the display light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is incident on the functional glass 4 via the reflecting mirror 3. It may be incident on the glass 4 .
- the display image projecting means 2 emits display light indicating a display image as random light, is reflected by the reflecting mirror 3, and the reflected light passes through a polarizing plate before reaching the functional glass 4, whereby the display is performed.
- the polarized light emitted from the image projection means 2 may be adjusted and the functional glass 4 may be irradiated with desired polarized light.
- the HUD system shown in FIG. 4 includes functional glass as a display medium, but may include the optical functional film or optical laminate of the present invention as a display medium.
- the incident light is S-polarized light
- part of the light incident on the functional glass 4 at the Brewster's angle is reflected as it is on the surface of the functional glass 4 and is reflected by the observer. 1.
- the incident light passing through the functional glass 4 is internally converted into P-polarized light by a half-wave plate. After that, when the light is emitted from the functional glass 4 into the air, it becomes Brewster's angle, so the reflection of the P-polarized light is suppressed, and the ghost phenomenon hardly occurs.
- the incident light is P-polarized light
- the incident light is incident on the functional glass 4 at Brewster's angle, thereby suppressing the reflection on the glass surface and making the ghost phenomenon less likely to occur.
- the incident light passing through the functional glass 4 is internally converted into S-polarized light by the half-wave plate. After that, when the light is emitted from the functional glass 4 into the air, it is reflected as it is and is visually recognized by the observer 1 .
- the head-up display system according to the method of the present invention regardless of the type of polarized light, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of the ghost phenomenon and provide a head-up display with excellent visibility.
- the display image projection means 2 is not particularly limited as long as it can emit the desired P-polarized light or S-polarized light until it finally reaches the functional glass 4.
- a liquid crystal display (LCD ), an organic EL display (OLED), and the like are examples of the display image projection means 2 .
- the display image projection means 2 is a liquid crystal display device, the emitted light is usually linearly polarized light and can be used as it is.
- the display image projection means 2 is an organic EL display, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the liquid crystal display device and the organic EL display for example, arrange optical members such as a polarizing plate and a half-wave plate at the light exit port such as a dashboard to project the displayed image. It is also possible to adjust so that P-polarized light or S-polarized light can be emitted from the means 2 .
- the light source used for the display image projection means 2 is not particularly limited, and a laser light source, an LED light source, or the like can be used. Further, by setting the central reflection wavelength of the retardation element forming the retardation layer so as to correspond to the emission spectrum of the light source, the displayed image can be more effectively clear.
- the HUD system of the present invention may include a reflector 3 if desired.
- the reflecting mirror 3 is not particularly limited as long as it can reflect the display light from the display image projecting means 2 toward the functional glass 4, and is composed of, for example, a flat mirror or a concave mirror.
- a concave mirror is used as the reflecting mirror 3, the concave mirror can magnify the display light from the display with a predetermined magnification.
- the Brewster angle of S-polarized light or P-polarized light with respect to the functional glass 4 is ⁇
- the angle is preferably in the range of ⁇ -10° to ⁇ +10°, more preferably in the range of ⁇ -5° to ⁇ +5°.
- the incident angle means the angle formed by the axis perpendicular to the surface of the display medium (functional glass 4) and the light incident on the surface of the display medium (hereinafter, this incident angle is also referred to as "incident angle X”. Say).
- a half-wave plate is used as the optical functional film
- the display medium is the functional glass 4
- the display light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is S-polarized light.
- the S-polarized light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is passed through the reflecting mirror 3 in the range of ⁇ -10° to ⁇ +10°, that is, in the vicinity of the Brewster angle with respect to the axis perpendicular to the surface of the functional glass 4.
- the P-polarized light converted by the functional glass 4 can be suppressed from being reflected by the glass plate on the outside of the vehicle, and the occurrence of double images can be suppressed. That is, when the incident angle of S-polarized light is less than ⁇ 10° or greater than ⁇ +10°, the incident angle of S-polarized light deviates from the vicinity of Brewster's angle. Reflections increase and double images may occur.
- the light emitted from the display image projection means is (A) incident from the side on which the retardation layer having the highest refractive index among the two or more retardation layers is arranged. is preferred.
- the light emitted from the display image projection means is S-polarized light, the angle of view is improved, so the viewer can use the HUD system without stress in a wide angle of view area.
- a laminate in which one or more circularly polarized light reflecting layers (cholesteric liquid crystal layers) are sandwiched between two quarter-wave plates as a retardation layer. is used, the display medium is a functional glass, and the display light emitted from the display image projection means 2 is preferably P-polarized light. Since light reflected from the road surface is generally S-polarized light, polarized sunglasses are designed to absorb S-polarized light. Therefore, in a conventional HUD system using S-polarized light, the visibility of the displayed image on the HUD through polarized sunglasses is extremely reduced.
- a HUD system using P-polarized light in which P-polarized light reaches the observer, can suppress the occurrence of double images and improve the visibility of the displayed image even when wearing polarized sunglasses.
- the circularly polarized light reflecting layer is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer
- the circularly polarized light passing through the circularly polarized light reflecting layer has a slow axis perpendicular to the slow axis of the first quarter-wave plate.
- a second quarter-wave plate converts it back to P-polarization.
- the converted P-polarized light is similarly incident on the vehicle-exterior glass surface on the outside of the second quarter-wave plate near the Brewster angle. Therefore, the reflection of the P-polarized light on the glass surface outside the second quarter-wave plate on the outside of the vehicle can be greatly reduced, and as a result, the occurrence of double images is greatly reduced.
- polarization conversion e.g., P-polarization to S-polarization or S-polarization to P-polarization
- the incident angle of the S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the functional glass is in the range of 45° or more and 65° or less, when the P-polarized light is incident on the functional glass, the reflectance on the surface of the functional glass is can be theoretically suppressed to 2% or less.
- the transmitted P-polarized light is converted into S-polarized light by a half-wave plate, and the converted S-polarized light is reflected at the interface between the functional glass on the opposite side to the incident side and air.
- the reflected S-polarized light is converted back into P-polarized light by the half-wave plate, and this P-polarized light reaches the viewer.
- the S-polarized light when S-polarized light enters the functional glass, the S-polarized light is reflected by the surface of the functional glass and reaches the observer. A portion of the transmitted S-polarized light is converted to P-polarized light by a half-wave plate, and the converted P-polarized light is not reflected by the functional glass on the side opposite to the incident side or the interface between the functional glass and air, and passes through. do.
- the incident angle X of the S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the functional glass in this way, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of double images.
- the angle ⁇ is less than 35° or greater than 47°, the polarization axis conversion performance of converting P-polarized light into S-polarized light or S-polarized light into P-polarized light incident on the functional glass is low. images may occur.
- the half-wave plate exhibits good polarization axis conversion performance, and as a result, the displayed image can be visually recognized more clearly.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably a value calculated from the following formulas (2) and (3) in order to appropriately control the polarization axis conversion performance.
- S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the functional glass including such an optical functional film is incident on the half-wave plate when passing through the half-wave plate, which is a medium having a refractive index different from that of air.
- the incident angle X changes.
- ⁇ is the incident angle X of S-polarized light or P-polarized light with respect to the functional glass
- ⁇ is the incident angle X actually incident on the half-wave plate, that is, the refraction angle of the half-wave plate
- the phase difference when the polarization axis of S-polarized light incident on the functional glass is the x-axis
- the polarization axis of P-polarized light is the y-axis
- the angle between the y-axis and the slow axis of the half-wave plate is ⁇
- vectorial analysis gives Re ⁇ cos ⁇ on the y-axis and Re ⁇ sin ⁇ on the x-axis.
- the y-axis (theoretical y-axis) of Re ⁇ cos ⁇ is tilted by an angle ⁇ about the x-axis
- the angle between the slow axis of the half-wave plate and the polarization axis of S-polarized light or the polarization axis of P-polarized light is preferably 45°.
- the range of the angle ⁇ is preferably controlled within a range of ⁇ 5° of the value of the angle ⁇ , and more preferably within a range of ⁇ 3°. If the angle ⁇ is outside the ⁇ 5° range of the angle that satisfies the values calculated from the above equations (2) and (3), the polarization conversion efficiency exhibited by the half-wave plate will be low. By controlling the range of the angle .theta. based on the values calculated from the above equations (2) and (3), it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the polarization conversion efficiency due to the half-wave plate.
- the refractive index of the half-wave plate to be substituted into the equation (3) is obtained by nx the refractive index in the slow axis direction of the half-wave plate, and perpendicular to the slow axis direction in the plane of the half-wave plate.
- ny be the refractive index in the direction
- nz be the refractive index in the thickness direction of the half-wave plate
- a value obtained by averaging the sum of these is used as the average refractive index.
- the average refractive index may be the value listed in a catalog or the like.
- ⁇ calculated from equations (2) and (3) is as follows. When the incident angle X of the polarized light is 45°, the value of ⁇ is 42° based on formulas (2) and (3), so the range of ⁇ is preferably 37° or more and 47° or less, more preferably is 39° or more and 45° or less.
- the incident angle X of S-polarized light or P-polarized light is 50°, based on equations (2) and (3), the value of ⁇ is 41°, so the range of ⁇ is preferably between 36° and 46°. more preferably 38° or more and 44° or less. Also, if the angle of incidence X for S-polarized or P-polarized light is 56° or 60°, based on equations (2) and (3), the value of ⁇ is 40°, so the range of ⁇ is preferably 35°. 45° or less, more preferably 37° or more and 43° or less.
- the angle of incidence X for S-polarized or P-polarized light is 65°, based on equations (2) and (3), the value of ⁇ is 39°, so the range of ⁇ is preferably 34° to 44°. or less, more preferably 36° or more and 42° or less.
- the half-wave plate by controlling the angle ⁇ between the polarization axis of S-polarized light or P-polarized light incident on the optical functional film and the slow axis of the half-wave plate, the half-wave plate can further enhance the polarization axis conversion performance exhibited by .
- it is recommended to use a half-wave plate containing a polymerizable liquid crystal layer as a layer having the effect of converting the polarization axis. is particularly preferred.
- the wavelength dispersion of the half-wave plate as described above is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for use in head-up displays.
- chromatic dispersion In general, polymers exhibit normal dispersion in which the absolute value of birefringence increases on the short wavelength side. If it is a liquid crystal compound, reverse wavelength dispersion can be obtained. Inverse wavelength dispersion can also be obtained by laminating a plurality of retardation plates having appropriate retardation values according to the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the compound in combination of appropriate slow axes. Even when such a half-wave plate in which a plurality of retardation plates are laminated is used, the slow axis angle of each retardation plate is determined as described above.
- the half-wave plate By appropriately controlling the angle ⁇ between the polarization axis of the half-wave plate and the slow axis of the half-wave plate, the half-wave plate exhibits good polarization axis conversion performance, resulting in a clearer displayed image. become visible.
- part means parts by mass. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as the gist of the present invention is not exceeded. Further, room temperature is assumed to be within the range of 20°C ⁇ 5°C unless otherwise specified.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of coating liquid (adhesive)> The components shown in A to I were mixed to prepare coating solutions (adhesives 1 to 9) having composition ratios shown in Table 1.
- a digital refractometer (“RX-7000 ⁇ ” manufactured by ATAGO) was used to measure the refractive index of each adhesive before curing.
- the viscosity of each adhesive was measured using a viscometer (“TVE-22L” manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- the amount of components in Table 1 is a mass part.
- A 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (4-HBA, manufactured by Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- B orthophenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (Miramer M1142 manufactured by MIWON)
- C Bisphenol A type epoxy acrylate (KAYARAD (registered trademark) R-115F manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- D Bisphenol F type epoxy acrylate (KAYARAD (registered trademark) R-381 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- E 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (Omnirad (registered trademark) TPO-H IGM Resins B.V.)
- F Urethane acrylate (UX-0937 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- G EO-modified phenol acrylate (PHE-2 manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
- H Bisphenol A type
- Adhesives 1 to 9 are applied to a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film (manufactured by TacBright Co., Ltd. P960: thickness 60 ⁇ m) as a support substrate, and UV irradiation is performed for 5 to 10 seconds with a high pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.) at 120 W output.
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- the adhesive cured films 1 to 9 were produced on the supporting substrate by fixing the adhesive by pressing the adhesive.
- a spectrophotometer (“UV-3600” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used to measure the orthogonal reflectance of the adhesive layer when polarized light was incident from 400 nm to 700 nm, From the average value R1 , the refractive index n of the adhesive layer was calculated from the following formula (4).
- the refractive index N of the support substrate (base material) was set to 1.487. Table 2 shows the results.
- Adhesives 1 to 9 are applied to an aluminum substrate, a polyester film Cosmo Shine (registered trademark) A4100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. is layered on top of it and pressed, and a high pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.) is output at 120 W for 5 to 10 seconds.
- Adhesive cured films 1 to 9 having a thickness of 140 to 160 ⁇ m were formed on aluminum substrates by UV irradiation and fixation. Subsequently, the adhesive cured film was cut into a width of 1 cm and a length of 4 cm. A tensile test was performed at each temperature and the elastic modulus was measured. Table 2 shows the results.
- the coating liquid R1 Using the prepared coating liquid R1, three half-wave plates were produced in the following procedure.
- a TAC film (P960 manufactured by TacBright Co., Ltd.: thickness 60 ⁇ m) which had been rubbed by the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2002-90743 was used. As shown in Table 4, the rubbing angle is 71.5°, 50° and 26.5°, respectively.
- the coating solution R1 was applied on the rubbed surface of the TAC film at room temperature so that the half-wave plate obtained after drying had a thickness of about 2 ⁇ m.
- the obtained coating film was heated at 50° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent and to have a liquid crystal phase.
- the liquid crystal layer is fixed by UV irradiation with a high-pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.) at 120 W output for 5 to 10 seconds, thereby forming retardation layers 1 to 3 having a retardation layer on the support substrate.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.
- the retardation value at 586 nm was 293 nm, respectively. They were 230 nm and 275 nm.
- a spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation "UV-3600" is used to measure the orthogonal reflectance of the retardation layers 1 to 3 when polarized light is incident from 400 nm to 700 nm. The measurements were taken and the average value R2 was calculated. After that, according to the following formulas (5), (6), (7) and (8), so that the relationships between the reflectances r 1 , r 2 , and r 3 at the interface of each layer and the average reflectance R of the entire layer are established. A refractive index n2 in the fast axis direction of the retardation layer was calculated.
- ⁇ 1 is the angle of incidence from the air to the retardation layer and is set to 5°
- ⁇ 2 is the refraction angle when the retardation layer is incident from the air, that is, the angle of incidence from the retardation layer to the alignment film.
- ⁇ 3 is the angle of refraction when the light is incident on the alignment film from the retardation layer, that is, the angle of incidence when the light is incident on the support substrate from the alignment film
- ⁇ 4 is the angle of refraction when the light is incident on the support substrate from the alignment film.
- the refractive index n 1 of air is 1.000
- the refractive index n 3 of the alignment film is 1.531
- the refractive index n 4 of the support substrate is 1. .487. Table 4 shows the results.
- ⁇ Preparation of optical functional film> Using an automatic coating device (“PI-1210” manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.), the adhesive 1 is applied to the retardation layer 1, and the retardation layer 2 is further arranged on the coating surface, and each retardation layer is The retardation layer 1 and the retardation layer 2 were laminated with a laminator so as to be adhered. Then, the bonded laminate was irradiated with UV light for 5 to 10 seconds with a high-pressure mercury lamp (manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd.) at an output of 120 W to cure the adhesive 1, thereby obtaining a bonded film 1.
- PI-1210 manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the laminated film 1 is immersed in a 2 mol/L potassium hydroxide aqueous solution heated to 40° C. for 5 minutes, washed with water, and then dried at 70° C. for 5 minutes to produce an optical functional film 1. did.
- a transparent polyvinyl butyral intermediate film having a thickness of 0.38 mm containing triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer was cut into the same size as the optical functional film 1, and two sheets of the optical functional film 1 were prepared.
- the optical layered body 1 was obtained by disposing between the polyvinyl butyral intermediate films of 1 and then pressurizing and press-bonding with a laminator.
- the functional glass A was obtained by disposing the optical layered body 1 between two glass plates having the same size as the optical layered body 1 and having a thickness of 2 mm, followed by pressurization and heating. Specifically, the optical laminate 1 and the transparent glass plate were stacked in this order on a transparent glass plate. This was wrapped in a rubber bag, degassed in an autoclave heated to 90° C. for 10 minutes, and pre-bonded. After cooling this to room temperature, it was taken out of the rubber bag and again heated and pressurized at 135° C. under a high pressure of 12 kg/cm 2 for 30 minutes in an autoclave. Glass A was produced.
- a head-up display was produced with the arrangement shown in FIG.
- a liquid crystal display panel capable of emitting P-polarized light to the functional glass 4 is installed, and the functional glass A produced above is arranged on the functional glass 4. did.
- the retardation layer in the structure of the functional glass A is adjusted so that the incident angle of the P-polarized light with respect to the functional glass A becomes the Brewster angle (about 56 °).
- the functional glass A was placed so that the width direction was aligned with the horizontal direction and the glass plate on the side of the retardation layer 1 was the incident surface.
- ⁇ Double image luminance ratio evaluation Evaluation of polarization conversion performance of half-wave plate>
- a horizontal line image is projected from the image projection device (display image projection means 2) on the functional glass A under the condition that S-polarized light is emitted, and the reflected image is measured by a color luminance meter (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. "Prometric IC-PMI ”) and evaluated the displayed image.
- Position I at 5 cm from the left
- Position II at 30 cm from the left
- Position III at 43 cm from the left within the width of 60 cm.
- X Taken from X.
- the evaluation image for position II was taken from a position where the luminance meter was tilted 10° to the right of the normal from point X to position I.
- the evaluation image at position III was taken from a position where the luminance meter was tilted 15° to the right of the perpendicular from point X to position I.
- the double image luminance ratio was calculated by dividing by the reflection luminance (double image) of the line image at the interface. Table 5 shows the results. Note that the lower the double image luminance ratio shown in Table 5, the less likely the image projected onto the functional glass is doubled, and the better the visibility of the image can be judged.
- Example 2 Optical laminate 2 and functional glass B were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive 2 was used instead of adhesive 1. In addition, using the functional glass B produced, the band, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 3 Optical laminate 3 and functional glass C were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive 3 was used instead of adhesive 1. In addition, using the functional glass C produced, the band, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 4 Optical laminate 4 and functional glass D were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that adhesive 4 was used instead of adhesive 1 . Further, using the functional glass D produced, the band, angle of view, double image luminance ratio and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 5 Optical laminate 5 and functional glass E were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive 5 was used instead of adhesive 1. In addition, using the functional glass E produced, the bandwidth, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 6 Optical laminate 6 and functional glass F were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that adhesive 6 was used instead of adhesive 1 . In addition, using the functional glass F produced, the bandwidth, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 7 Optical laminate 7 and functional glass G were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive 7 was used instead of adhesive 1. In addition, using the produced functional glass G, the band and angle of view, the double image luminance ratio, and the degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 8 Optical laminate 8 and functional glass H were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adhesive 8 was used instead of adhesive 1. In addition, using the functional glass H produced, the bandwidth, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 9 Optical laminate 9 and functional glass I were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the incident surface was changed from retardation layer 1 to retardation layer 2 . Also, using the functional glass I produced, the band, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner. Table 5 shows the results.
- Example 2 An optical laminate 11 and functional glass K were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a retardation layer 3 was used instead of the retardation layer 1 and a TAC film without a retardation layer was used instead of the retardation layer 2. made. In addition, using the functional glass K produced, the band, angle of view, double image luminance ratio, and degree of orange peel were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 5 shows the results.
- Examples 1 to 9 have a low luminance ratio, suppress the occurrence of double images, and have a wide band. I was able to Further, in Examples 1 to 8, since the incident surface of the incident light is the retardation layer side having a high refractive index, the angle of view is improved, and the viewer can use the HUD system without stress in a wide angle of view area. was made. Furthermore, in Examples 4 to 8, the difference between the elastic modulus at room temperature and the elastic modulus at high temperature in the adhesive layer is 500 MPa or less, so that the occurrence of orange peel is suppressed, and windshield glass with excellent appearance is realized. was made.
- Comparative Example 1 since the difference between the refractive index of the adhesive layer and the refractive index of the retardation layer in the fast axis direction was large, the brightness ratio was high and double images were observed. In addition, in Comparative Example 2, since the retardation layer was only one layer, it was not possible to obtain an optical functional film for HUD having a narrow band and excellent polarization conversion capability in a wide wavelength range.
- the optical functional film of the present invention has excellent polarization conversion ability over a wide wavelength range. Therefore, a head-up display system provided with such an optical function film eliminates unevenness in the occurrence of double images depending on the projection position, and thus can suppress the occurrence of double images regardless of the shooting position. Therefore, the viewer can use the head-up display system without stress.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の光学機能フィルムは、(A)2層以上の位相差層と(B)接着層を備え、接着層は少なくとも1層の位相差層と隣接し、かつ接着層の屈折率と当該接着層に隣接する位相差層の進相軸方向における屈折率の差の絶対値が0.060未満である。これにより、投影位置による二重像発生のムラがなくなり、投影位置に依存せずに二重像の発生を抑制することができるため、広い波長領域で優れた偏光変換能力を有する光学機能フィルムを提供することができる。
本発明の光学機能フィルムは、2層以上の位相差層を有しており、各位相差層が有する位相差層とは、入射光の偏光軸を変換する機能を有する層であり、(A-1)1/2波長板、(A-2)1/4波長板、(A-3)1/2波長板と円偏光反射層との積層体、(A-4)1/4波長板と円偏光反射層との積層体、(A-5)その他任意の位相差を有する層を例示することができる。2層以上の位相差層は、上述の(A-1)から(A-5)に記載されている位相差層を任意に組み合わせて使用することができ、それぞれ同じであっても異なっていてもよいが、2層以上の位相差層のうち、少なくとも1層が1/2波長板であることが好ましく、全て(A-1)1/2波長板であることがより好ましく、2層の1/2波長板であることが特に好ましい。具体的には、(A)2層以上の位相差層が全体で1/2波長板として機能する態様、または(A-1)から(A-5)の位相差層を組み合わせても、全体として1/2波長板として機能する態様が好ましい。円偏光反射層としては、例えば、コレステリック液晶を用いたコレステリック液晶層が好ましい。円偏光反射層の厚さの上限は、液晶の配向性の観点から10μm以下が好ましく、5μm以下がより好ましい。一方、円偏光反射層の厚さの下限は、液晶の重合性の観点から0.3μm以上が好ましく、0.5μm以上がより好ましい。
位相差層として1/2波長板を使用する場合、1/2波長板は、P偏光をS偏光に、またはS偏光をP偏光に変換する、すなわち偏光軸を変換する機能を持つ位相差素子である。このような1/2波長板は、例えば、ポリカーボネートまたはシクロオレフィンポリマーからなるフィルムを位相差が波長の1/2となるように一軸延伸したり、水平配向する重合性液晶を位相差が波長の1/2となるような厚さで配向させたりすることによって得ることができる。一般に、水平配向する重合性液晶を使用した1/2波長板は、偏光軸を変換させる作用を有する層としての重合性液晶層と、当該重合性液晶層を形成する塗布液が塗布される支持基板とから構成されている。ただし、支持基板は本発明の光学機能フィルムに必須の構成部材ではなく、重合性液晶層を他の基材(例えば中間膜やガラス板)へ転写して使用することもできる。1/2波長板の使用により、表面で反射されず透過したS偏光またはP偏光が、P偏光またはS偏光に変換されるため、光学機能フィルムの外側に配置される1/2波長板の支持基板からの反射を低減し、二重像の発生を抑制することが可能である。
位相差層として1/4波長板を使用することもできる。1/4波長板は、円偏光を直線偏光に変換する機能を持つ位相差素子である。このような1/4波長板は、例えば、ポリカーボネートまたはシクロオレフィンポリマーからなるフィルムを位相差が波長の1/4となるように一軸延伸したり、あるいは、水平配向する重合性液晶を位相差が波長の1/4となるような厚さで配向させたりすることによって得ることができる。また、1/4波長板においても、1/2波長板と同様に重合性液晶層を含むことが好ましい。このような場合、1/4波長板は、偏光軸を変換させる作用を有する層としての重合性液晶層と、当該重合性液晶層を形成する塗布液が塗布される支持基板とから構成されている。重合性液晶層および支持基板は、上述の1/2波長板で使用されるネマチック液晶モノマー、支持基板と同様の材料を用いることができる。また、1/2波長板と同様、支持基板は光学機能フィルムに必須の構成部材ではなく、重合性液晶層を他の基材(例えば中間膜やガラス板)へ転写して使用することもできる。
本発明に係る光学機能フィルムは、(A)2層以上の位相差層の少なくとも1層の位相差層と隣接する接着層を備え、かつこの隣接した位相差層の進相軸方向における屈折率と(B)接着層の屈折率との差の絶対値が0.060未満である。接着層が2つの位相差層に隣接して設けられている場合、接着層の屈折率と2層の位相差層の進相軸方向における各屈折率の差の絶対値がいずれも0.060未満であることが好ましい。
接着層は位相差層と隣接している。接着層の屈折率は、隣接する位相差層の進相軸方向における屈折率と同程度であること必要であり、具体的には、屈折率の差の絶対値が0.060未満であり、0.055未満であることが好ましく、0.045未満であることがより好ましく、0.040未満であることが特に好ましい。接着層の屈折率および位相差層の進相軸方向における屈折率は、市販のデジタル屈折計等を用いて測定することができる。
接着剤層の平均反射率は5.000%以上7.000%以下であることが好ましい。平均反射率は、基材上に後述する接着剤組成物を硬化させた硬化膜を作製した後、分光光度計(例えば島津製作所製のUV-3600)を用いて、400nm以上700nm以下の波長範囲での偏光入射時における接着層(硬化膜)の直交反射率を複数回測定し、その平均を算出することで求めることができる。接着剤層の平均反射率の上限としては、好ましい順に、6.950%、6.850%、6.750%、6.650%であり、特に好ましくは6.600%である。また、接着剤層の平均反射率の下限としては、好ましい順に、5.500%、5.580%、5.590%、5.600%であり、特に好ましくは5.700%である。したがって、接着剤層の平均反射率として最も好ましくは5.700%以上6.600%以下である。
接着層において、室温における弾性率と高温における弾性率の差は500MPa以下であることが好ましい。室温は5℃以上40℃以下であることが好ましく、25℃であることがより好ましい。高温は70℃以上200℃以下であることが好ましく、140℃であることがより好ましい。すなわち、25℃の弾性率と140℃の弾性率の差が500MPa以下であることが最も好ましい。このような弾性率を示す接着剤を用いることによって、オレンジピールの問題を低減することができる。ここで、オレンジピールとは、柚子肌とも呼ばれるフィルムの凹凸による欠点をいう。特許文献1および2等に開示されるような従来の光学フィルムは、成形性不良や層間剥離などの問題が発生しやすく、また、接着剤を介してフィルム同士を貼り合わせ、ポリビニルブチラールなどの中間膜を介してガラス板で挟んで圧着すると、オレンジピールと呼ばれる欠点が複数発生し、ウインドシールドガラスとしての美観が損なわれる場合があった。25℃の弾性率と140℃の弾性率の差が500MPa以下であることにより、中間膜を介して本発明の光学機能フィルムをガラス板で挟んで圧着しても、オレンジピールの発生が抑制され、美観に優れたウインドシールドガラスを実現することができる。
接着層は、硬化性化合物を硬化させた硬化膜であることが好ましい。硬化性化合物としては、例えば熱硬化性化合物や光硬化性化合物等を挙げることができ、光硬化性化合物であることが好ましい。
熱硬化性化合物とは、例えばエポキシ基、オキセタニル基等の環状エーテル構造を有する硬化性化合物が挙げられる。環状エーテル構造を有する熱硬化性化合物としては特に限定されず、例えば、エポキシ樹脂(脂環式エポキシ樹脂を含む脂肪族エポキシ樹脂または芳香族エポキシ樹脂)、オキセタン樹脂、フラン樹脂等が挙げられる。これらのなかでも、反応速度や汎用性の観点からエポキシ樹脂(脂肪族環、例えば炭素数3~12の脂肪族環を含んでいてもよい)、オキセタン樹脂が好適である。エポキシ樹脂としては特に限定されず、例えば、フェノールノボラック型、クレゾールノボラック型、ビフェニルノボラック型、トリスフェノールノボラック型、ジシクロペンタジエンノボラック型等のノボラック型;ビスフェノールA型、ビスフェノールF型、2,2’-ジアリルビスフェノールA型、水添ビスフェノール型、ポリオキシプロピレンビスフェノールA型等のビスフェノール型等が挙げられる。また、その他にグリシジルアミン等も挙げられる。
光硬化性化合物とは、例えば、ビニル基、ビニルエーテル基、アリル基、マレイミド基、(メタ)アクリロイル基等を有する樹脂が挙げられる。これらのなかでも反応性や汎用性の観点から(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する樹脂、例えば(メタ)アクリレート化合物が好ましい。
接着層に使用される硬化性化合物は、硬化剤を用いて硬化されることが好ましい。なお、硬化剤と硬化開始剤が区別される場合もあるが、ここでは双方を含めて硬化剤として記載する。
硬化性化合物として光硬化性化合物が用いられる場合には、光開始剤が併用されることが好ましい。ただし、光硬化性化合物は二重結合等のラジカルによって連鎖重合反応する官能基を有するため、例えば、熱によってラジカルを発生する熱ラジカル開始剤の使用が除外されるものではない。
光硬化性化合物に対して、熱ラジカル重合開始剤を用いる場合、当該熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、加熱によりラジカルを生じ、連鎖重合反応を開始させる化合物であれば特に限定さるものではないが、例えば、有機過酸化物、アゾ化合物、ベンゾイン化合物、ベンゾインエーテル化合物、アセトフェノン化合物、ベンゾピナコール等が挙げられ、ベンゾピナコールが好適に用いられる。有機過酸化物としては、例えば、カヤメック(登録商標)シリーズとして、A、M、R、L、LH、SP-30C、パーカドックス(登録商標)シリーズとして、CH-50L、BC-FF、L-40ES(カドックスB-40ES)、14、16、トリゴノックス(登録商標)シリーズとして、22-70E、23-C70、121、121-50E、121-LS50E、21-LS50E、42、42LS、カヤエステル(登録商標)シリーズとして、P-70、TMPO-70、CND-C70、OO-50E、AN、カヤブチル(登録商標)シリーズとして、B、カヤカルボン(登録商標)シリーズとして、BIC-75、AIC-75(化薬アクゾ社製)、パーメック(登録商標)シリーズとして、N、H、S、F、D、G、パーヘキサ(登録商標)シリーズとして、H、HC、TMH、C、V、22、MC、パーキュアー(登録商標)シリーズとして、AH、AL、HB、パーブチル(登録商標)シリーズとして、H、C、ND、L、パークミル(登録商標)シリーズとして、H、D、パーロイル(登録商標)シリーズとして、IB、IPP、パーオクタ(登録商標)ND(日油社製)等が市販品として入手可能である。また、アゾ化合物としては、例えば、VA-044、V-070、VPE-0201、VSP-1001(富士フイルム和光純薬工業社製)等が市販品として入手可能である。
本発明の光学積層体は、上述した光学機能フィルムにさらに(C)中間膜が積層されている。中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂の樹脂フィルムであることが好ましく、ポリビニルブチラールのフィルムであることが特に好ましい。中間膜は1枚であっても、複数枚であってもよいが、2枚の中間膜によって光学機能フィルムが挟持された構造を有する光学積層体が好ましい。。
中間膜としては、熱可塑性樹脂を用いることができ、一般的に用いられている車載用中間膜を用いることができることが好ましい。このような車載用中間膜としては、例えば、ポリビニルブチラール系樹脂(PVB)、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂(PVA)、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合系樹脂(EVA)、またはシクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)が挙げられる。これらの樹脂で作製された中間膜は、合わせガラス用中間膜として汎用的であるために好ましい。また、中間膜の厚さは、後述するHUDシステムに光学積層体を適用する際、表示光の反射に影響を与えない範囲であれば、特に限定されるものではなく、用途に応じて適宜設計することができる。
本発明の機能性ガラスは、上記光学機能フィルムまたは光学積層体と(D)ガラス板とを備えている。ガラス板は1枚であっても、複数枚であってもよいが、2枚のガラス板によって上記光学機能フィルムまたは光学積層体が挟持された構造を有する機能性ガラスが好ましい。このような機能性ガラスはHUDシステムにおける表示媒体として好適に用いられる。
機能性ガラスは、例えば、上記光学機能フィルムまたは光学積層体をガラス板に貼り合わせることによって作製される。光学機能フィルムまたは光学積層体をガラス板に貼り合わせる方法の一例としては、粘着剤もしくは接着剤を該光学機能フィルムまたは光学積層体の片側あるいは両側に塗布し、次いで、ガラス板を貼り合わせることによって得ることができる。粘着剤または接着剤に特に制限はないが、後に剥がすことがある場合は、リワーク性に優れた粘着性がよい材料、例えばシリコーン粘着剤、アクリル系粘着剤等が好ましい。
図4は、本発明のHUDシステムの一実施形態を模式図で示したものである。図1に示されるHUDシステムは、表示画像を示す表示光をS偏光またはP偏光にして出射する表示画像投影手段(表示器)2と、表示画像投影手段2から出射された表示光を反射する反射鏡3と、表示画像投影手段2から出射されたS偏光またはP偏光が入射される本発明の機能性ガラス4とを備えている。表示画像投影手段2から出射されたS偏光またはP偏光を反射鏡3で反射させ、この反射された表示光をフロントガラスとして機能する機能性ガラス4に照射することにより、観察者1に光路5を介してS偏光またはP偏光が到達し、表示画像の虚像6を視認できる。なお、図4に示されるHUDシステムにおいて、表示画像投影手段2から出射された表示光は、反射鏡3を介して機能性ガラス4に入射しているが、表示画像投影手段2から直接機能性ガラス4に入射していてもよい。また、表示画像投影手段2からは表示画像を示す表示光をランダム光で出射し、反射鏡3で反射させ、この反射光が機能性ガラス4に到達する前に偏光板を通すことにより、表示画像投影手段2から出射した偏光を調整として所望とする偏光を機能性ガラス4に照射してもよい。さらに、図4に示されるHUDシステムは、機能性ガラスを表示媒体として備えているが、本発明の光学機能フィルム、光学積層体を表示媒体として備えていてもよい。
表示画像投影手段2は、最終的に機能性ガラス4に到達するまでに、所望とするP偏光またはS偏光を出射することができれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、液晶表示装置(LCD)、有機ELディスプレイ(OLED)等が挙げられる。表示画像投影手段2が液晶表示装置である場合、出射光は通常直線偏光となっているため、そのまま用いることができる。一方、表示画像投影手段2が有機ELディスプレイである場合、例えば、図5に示されるように、表示画像投影手段2は、光源2AとP偏光またはS偏光を出射可能な偏光板2Bとから構成されていてもよい。また、HUDシステムを自動車に使用する場合、液晶表示装置、有機ELディスプレイは、例えばダッシュボードのような光出射口に偏光板、1/2波長板等の光学部材を配置して、表示画像投影手段2からP偏光またはS偏光が出射できるように調整することも可能である。また、表示画像投影手段2に使用される光源も特に限定されるものではなく、レーザー光源やLED光源等を使用することができる。また、位相差層を構成する位相差素子の中心反射波長を、上記の光源の発光スペクトルに対応するように設定することで、より効果的に表示画像を鮮明することができる。
本発明のHUDシステムは、必要に応じて反射鏡3を備えていてもよい。反射鏡3は、表示画像投影手段2からの表示光を機能性ガラス4に向けて反射することができれば、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、平面鏡、凹面鏡などから構成される。反射鏡3として凹面鏡を用いた場合、凹面鏡は、表示器からの表示光を所定の拡大率で拡大することも可能である。
<塗布液(接着剤)の調製>
A~Iに示す成分を混合し、表1に示す組成比を有する塗布液(接着剤1~9)を調製した。調製した接着剤1~9に対し、デジタル屈折計(ATAGO社製「RX-7000α」)を用いて各接着剤の硬化前の屈折率を測定した。さらに、粘度計(東機産業社製「TVE-22L」)を用いて各接着剤の粘度を測定した。なお、表1中の成分量は質量部である。
B:オルトフェニルフェノキシエチルアクリレート(Miramer M1142 MIWON社製)
C:ビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(KAYARAD(登録商標)R-115F 日本化薬社製)
D:ビスフェノールF型エポキシアクリレート(KAYARAD(登録商標)R-381 日本化薬社製)
E:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルフォスフィンオキサイド(Omnirad(登録商標)TPO-H IGM Resins B.V.社製)
F:ウレタンアクリレート(UX-0937 日本化薬社製)
G:EO変性フェノールアクリレート(PHE-2 第一工業製薬社製)
H:ビスフェノールA型エポキシアクリレート(VISCOAT700HV 大阪有機化学工業社製)
I:ジシクロペンテニルオキシエチルアクリレ-ト(FA512-AS 昭和電工マテリアルズ社製)
支持基板としてトリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム(TacBright社製 P960:厚さ60μm)に接着剤1~9を塗布し、高圧水銀ランプ(ハリソン東芝ライティング社製)を120W出力、5~10秒間UV照射して固定化することにより、支持基板上に接着剤硬化膜1~9を作製した。続いて、接着剤硬化膜1~9に対し、分光光度計(島津製作所製「UV-3600」)を用いて、400nmから700nmでの偏光入射時における、接着層の直交反射率を測定し、その平均値R1から下記式(4)より接着層の屈折率nを算出した。なお、支持基板(基材)の屈折率Nは1.487とした。結果を表2に示す。
アルミニウム基板に接着剤1~9を塗布し、その上から東洋紡社製ポリエステルフィルムコスモシャイン(登録商標)A4100を重ねて押さえつけ、高圧水銀ランプ(ハリソン東芝ライティング社製)を120W出力、5~10秒間UV照射して固定化することにより、アルミニウム基板上に厚さ140~160μmの接着剤硬化膜1~9を作製した。続いて接着剤硬化膜を幅1cm、長さ4cmにカットし、テンシロン万能試験機(エー・アンド・デイ社製「RTG-1210」)を用いて引張速度100mm/分の条件で25℃と140℃においてそれぞれ引張試験を行い、弾性率を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
[塗布液(液晶組成物)の調製]
まず、表3に示す組成を有する塗布液(R1)を調製した。なお、表3中の成分量は質量部である。
自動塗工装置(テスター産業社製「PI-1210」)を使用し、接着剤1を位相差層1に塗工し、その塗工面にさらに位相差層2を配置し、各位相差層同士が接着するよう、ラミネーターで位相差層1と位相差層2を貼合した。次いで、貼合した積層体に対し、高圧水銀ランプ(ハリソン東芝ライティング社製)を120W出力、5~10秒間UV照射し、接着剤1を硬化させて貼合フィルム1を得た。その後、貼合フィルム1を、40℃に加熱した2mol/Lの水酸化カリウム水溶液中で5分間浸漬し、水で洗浄したのちに70℃で5分乾燥することにより、光学機能フィルム1を製造した。
可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートを含有する、厚さが0.38mmの透明なポリビニルブチラール中間膜を光学機能フィルム1と同じサイズに切り出し、光学機能フィルム1を2枚のポリビニルブチラール中間膜の間に配置し、次いで、ラミネーターにて加圧圧着することにより、光学積層体1を得た。
光学積層体1と同じサイズで厚さが2mmのガラス板2枚の間に、光学積層体1を配置し、次いで、加圧・加熱することにより、機能性ガラスAを得た。具体的には、透明なガラス板上に、光学積層体1、透明なガラス板の順で重ねた。これをゴムバッグで包み、90℃に加熱したオートクレーブ中で10分間脱気し、予備接着した。これを室温まで冷却後、ゴムバッグから取り出し、再度、オートクレーブ中で135℃、12kg/cm2の高圧下で30分間加熱・加圧し、外観が良好な合わせガラス用積層体が挿入された機能性ガラスAを作製した。
機能性ガラスのオレンジピールの評価は、室内で行い、机上に機能性ガラスを置き、ハーフミラー部に蛍光灯を映して反射像を目視で評価した。評価基準は以下のように設定し、AまたはBを外観が優れていると評価した。結果を表5に示す。
A : 蛍光灯の反射像に歪みがない。
B : 蛍光灯の反射像にほぼ歪みがない。視点を横にずらすと、わずかに反射像が揺らぐ。
C :細かいシワの影響で、蛍光灯の反射像がぼんやり見える。
D :大きなシワの影響で、蛍光灯の反射像が歪んで見える。
図4に示すような配置でヘッドアップディスプレイを作製した。なお、表示画像投影手段2、反射鏡3としては、機能性ガラス4に対してP偏光を出射可能にする液晶表示パネルを設置し、上記で作製した機能性ガラスAを機能性ガラス4に配置した。暗室内にて、表示画像投影手2から、P偏光の入射角が機能性ガラスAに対してブリュースター角(約56°)になるように機能性ガラスAの構成のうちの位相差層の巾手方向を水平方向に合わせて、位相差層1側のガラス板が入射面になるように機能性ガラスAを設置した。このような配置で、表示画像投影手段2から画像を投影したところ、表示画像が明るく鮮明に投影された。この時、表示画像を観測する視点を上下方向にずらし、表示画像が鮮明に投影される範囲を画角として記録した。結果を表5に示す。
画像投影装置(表示画像投影手段2)から水平方向の線画像を機能性ガラスAに対してS偏光を出射する条件で投影し、反射像を色彩輝度計(コニカミノルタ社製「Prometric IC-PMI」)で撮影し、表示画像を評価した。巾60cmの内の左から5cmの位置I、左から30cmの位置II、左から43cmの位置IIIの3点について、位置Iの評価画像は位置Iを起点にガラス面から垂直に142cm離れた点Xから撮影した。位置IIの評価画像は点Xから位置Iへの垂線から右に10°輝度計を傾斜した位置から撮影した。位置IIIの評価画像は点Xから位置Iへの垂線から右に15°輝度計を傾斜した位置から撮影した。各位置の撮影画像解析により、機能性ガラスAの構成のうち画像投影装置側のガラス板の空気界面での線画像の反射輝度(主像)を画像投影装置に対して裏側のガラス板の空気界面での線画像の反射輝度(二重像)で割ることで二重像輝度比を算出した。結果を表5に示す。なお、表5に示される二重像輝度比が低い程、機能性ガラスに投影された画像が二重で視認されにくく、画像の視認性が良いと判断できる。
分光光度計(島津製作所製「UV-3600」)を用いて、得られた機能性ガラスAについて、380nmから780nmでの偏光入射時における直交透過率を測定した。直交透過率とは、絶対偏光子の吸収軸と機能性ガラスの遅相軸が、直交時の透過率を示す。測定した透過率を吸光度に変換し、機能性ガラスAにおける吸光度の半値幅を算出した。結果を表5に示す。その際、600nmから500nmにおける透過率が全て1%未満であれば広帯域、1%以上の領域があれば狭帯域と評価した。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤2を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体2および機能性ガラスBを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスBを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤3を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体3および機能性ガラスCを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスCを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤4を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体4および機能性ガラスDを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスDを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤5を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体5および機能性ガラスEを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスEを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤6を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体6および機能性ガラスFを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスFを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤7を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体7および機能性ガラスGを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスGを用いて、帯域および画角、二重像輝度比、オレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤8を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体8および機能性ガラスHを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスHを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
入射面を位相差層1から位相差層2に変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体9および機能性ガラスIを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスIを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
接着剤1の代わりに接着剤9を使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体10および機能性ガラスJを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスJを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
位相差層1の代わりに位相差層3を、位相差層2の代わりに位相差層の無いTACフィルムを使用する以外は実施例1と同様にして、光学積層体11および機能性ガラスKを作製した。また、作製した機能性ガラスKを用いて、帯域、画角、二重像輝度比およびオレンジピールの度合いを実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表5に示す。
2 表示画像投影手段
2A 光源
2B 偏光板
3 反射鏡
4 機能性ガラス
5 光路
6 表示画像
10 光学機能フィルム
101 接着層
102 位相差層
20 光学積層体
201 中間膜
30 機能性ガラス
301 ガラス板
Claims (12)
- (A)2層以上の位相差層と(B)接着層を備え、
前記接着層は、少なくとも1層の位相差層と隣接し、かつ
前記接着層の屈折率と前記接着層に隣接する位相差層の進相軸方向における屈折率の差の絶対値が0.060未満であることを特徴とするヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。 - 前記(B)接着層が2つの位相差層に隣接して設けられており、かつ
前記接着層の屈折率と2層の位相差層の進相軸方向における各屈折率の差の絶対値がいずれも0.060未満である、請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。 - 前記(B)接着層において、25℃の弾性率と140℃の弾性率の差が500MPa以下である、請求項1または2に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。
- 前記(A)2層以上の位相差層のうち、少なくとも1層が1/2波長板である、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。
- 前記(A)2層以上の位相差層の全てが1/2波長板である、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。
- 前記(B)接着層が、硬化性化合物を硬化させた硬化膜である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。
- 前記硬化性化合物が、光硬化性化合物である、請求項6に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム上に、さらに(C)中間膜が積層されている、ヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学積層体。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルムまたは請求項8に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学積層体と、(D)ガラス板とを備える、ヘッドアップディスプレイ用機能性ガラス。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学機能フィルム、請求項8に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用光学積層体、または請求項9に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ用機能性ガラスを表示媒体として備える、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 表示画像投影手段から出射された光が、前記(A)2層以上の位相差層のうち、最も高い屈折率を有する位相差層が配置されている側から入射される、請求項10に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
- 表示画像投影手段から出射された光がS偏光である、請求項10または11に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイシステム。
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CN116997831A (zh) | 2023-11-03 |
JPWO2022196732A1 (ja) | 2022-09-22 |
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