WO2022193787A1 - 一种单向自锁的驱动器 - Google Patents

一种单向自锁的驱动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022193787A1
WO2022193787A1 PCT/CN2021/143590 CN2021143590W WO2022193787A1 WO 2022193787 A1 WO2022193787 A1 WO 2022193787A1 CN 2021143590 W CN2021143590 W CN 2021143590W WO 2022193787 A1 WO2022193787 A1 WO 2022193787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor shaft
housing
locking
arc
friction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/143590
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许欣
陈理钢
Original Assignee
浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江捷昌线性驱动科技股份有限公司
Priority to US18/029,781 priority Critical patent/US20230361649A1/en
Priority to EP21931358.2A priority patent/EP4210205A4/en
Publication of WO2022193787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193787A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00—Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/12—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2015—Means specially adapted for stopping actuators in the end position; Position sensing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H25/00—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18—Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20—Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/24—Elements essential to such mechanisms, e.g. screws, nuts
    • F16H25/2454—Brakes; Rotational locks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drives, in particular to a one-way self-locking drive.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a one-way self-locking driver, which can brake the motor shaft when the driver stops, and can prevent furniture parts from falling when applied to electric furniture.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a one-way self-locking driver comprising a housing, a one-way self-locking device and a motor shaft with at least one end extending out of the housing, the one-way self-locking device comprising a pin, arranged on the outside of the housing and A friction cap sleeved on the motor shaft, the side wall of the friction cap is provided with an arc-shaped groove extending spirally around the axial direction of the motor shaft, and the pin rod rotates synchronously with the motor shaft and is connected with the motor shaft.
  • the arc groove is slidably matched, and the motor shaft drives the pin rod to rotate so that the pin rod drives the friction cap to move axially, and the friction cap moves axially to contact the housing to achieve frictional self-locking or separation.
  • the motor shaft is provided with a radially penetrating through hole, and the pin rod is inserted and matched with the through hole.
  • a synchronously rotating shaft sleeve is sleeved on the motor shaft, and the pin rod is fixed on the shaft sleeve.
  • the friction cap is provided with an assembly hole connected with the arc-shaped groove, and the pin rod is inserted into the arc-shaped groove through the assembly hole.
  • the friction cap includes a cap body provided with the arc-shaped groove and a support block arranged at a circumferential interval on the outer periphery of the cap body, and the support block has a friction surface in contact with the housing.
  • the support block is a U-shaped elastic block, and the bottom edge of the U-shaped elastic block is in contact with the housing to realize frictional self-locking.
  • the arc ⁇ of the arc-shaped groove is 30° ⁇ 150°.
  • the axial distance between the two ends of the arc-shaped slot along the motor shaft is H, 0 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • two arc-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed on the side wall of the friction cap.
  • the driver includes a motor
  • the housing is a motor housing, at least one end of the motor shaft extends out of the motor housing, and the friction cap moves axially to contact the motor housing. Friction self-locking or separation; or, the driver includes a motor and a gearbox, the housing includes a motor housing and a gearbox housing, at least one end of the motor shaft protrudes out of the motor housing, and the friction cap Axial movement into contact with the gearbox housing achieves frictional self-locking or separation.
  • the motor shaft will drive the pin rod to rotate synchronously when it rotates. Since the pin rod is slidably matched with the arc-shaped groove on the friction cap, the pin rod will slide from one end of the arc-shaped groove to the other end of the arc-shaped groove. The two ends of the arc groove have a certain distance in the axial direction of the motor shaft, so the pin rod will drive the friction cap to move along the axial direction of the motor shaft.
  • the friction between the two will prevent the motor shaft from continuing to rotate to achieve self-locking.
  • the friction cap moves axially and is separated from the housing, the self-locking of the motor shaft will be released.
  • This one-way self-locking driver is used for electric motors.
  • the pin rod When it is on the furniture, during the descending process of the furniture parts, the pin rod will drive the friction cap to move axially to contact with the shell to realize continuous frictional self-locking.
  • the torque applied to the motor shaft is greater than the self-locking force, which can ensure the falling of the furniture parts.
  • the self-locking force can brake the motor shaft to prevent the furniture parts from falling, so that the furniture parts can stay at a predetermined height position, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the motor shaft is provided with a radially penetrating through hole, and the pin rod is inserted and matched with the through hole. This design facilitates the assembly of the pin rod.
  • the motor shaft is sleeved with a synchronously rotating shaft sleeve, and the pin rod is fixed on the shaft sleeve.
  • the friction cap is provided with an assembly hole communicating with the arc-shaped groove, and the pin rod is inserted into the arc-shaped groove through the assembly hole.
  • This design can facilitate the assembly of the technical solution that the pin rod and the shaft sleeve are fixed, that is, when assembling, first fix the shaft sleeve on the motor shaft, and then set the friction cap on the motor shaft, so that the pin rod is inserted into the arc through the assembly hole. Rotate the friction cap to keep the friction cap and the shell separate.
  • the friction cap includes a cap body provided with an arc-shaped groove and a support block arranged at a circumferential interval on the outer side of the cap body, and the support block has a friction surface in contact with the casing.
  • the support block is a U-shaped elastic block, and the bottom edge of the U-shaped elastic block is in contact with the housing to realize frictional self-locking.
  • This design enables the bottom edge of the support block to achieve elastic contact with the shell, which not only reduces the wear on the shell compared to rigid contact, but also makes the bottom edge of the support block wear out after a certain amount of wear. Under the action of the elastic restoring force, it deforms outward to achieve contact friction with the housing, thereby prolonging the service life of the friction cap.
  • the arc ⁇ of the arc groove is 30° to 150°. This design not only facilitates the processing and forming of a single arc-shaped groove, but also facilitates the arrangement of multiple arc-shaped grooves in the later stage.
  • the axial distance between the two ends of the arc-shaped slot along the motor shaft is H, 0 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • Two arc-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed on the side wall of the friction cap. Such a design can make the axial movement of the friction cap more stable, and avoid the phenomenon of being stuck due to inclination when the friction cap moves axially.
  • Embodiment 1 is a structural diagram of a driver in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of the friction cap, the shaft sleeve and the pin rod in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a partial exploded view of a driver in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a cross-sectional view of a driver in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a partial exploded view of a driver in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a driver in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial exploded view of a driver in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial exploded view 1 of the driver in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial exploded view of the driver in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a one-way self-locking driver, comprising a casing, a one-way self-locking device and a motor shaft at least one end extending out of the casing.
  • the motor shaft will drive the pin rod to rotate synchronously when it rotates. Since the pin rod is slidably matched with the arc-shaped groove on the friction cap, the pin rod will slide from one end of the arc-shaped groove to the other end of the arc-shaped groove. The two ends of the arc groove have a certain distance in the axial direction of the motor shaft, so the pin rod will drive the friction cap to move along the axial direction of the motor shaft.
  • the friction between the two will prevent the motor shaft from continuing to rotate and achieve self-locking.
  • the friction cap moves axially and is separated from the housing, the self-locking of the motor shaft will be released.
  • This one-way self-locking driver is used for electric motors.
  • the pin rod When it is on the furniture, during the descending process of the furniture parts, the pin rod will drive the friction cap to move axially to contact with the shell to realize continuous frictional self-locking.
  • the torque applied to the motor shaft is greater than the self-locking force, which can ensure the falling of the furniture parts.
  • the self-locking force can brake the motor shaft to prevent the furniture parts from falling, so that the furniture parts can stay at a predetermined height position, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the one-way self-locking driver in this embodiment includes a housing 100, a one-way self-locking device and a motor shaft 200 with at least one end extending out of the housing 100.
  • the driver includes a motor, wherein the housing
  • the body 100 is a motor housing, the motor housing includes a front end cover 110 and a front bearing arranged on the front end cover, the motor shaft 200 has a front end and a rear end, and the front end of the motor shaft 200 penetrates the front end cover 110 and the front bearing and is exposed to the housing Outside 100
  • the one-way self-locking device includes a pin rod 300 and a friction cap 400.
  • the pin rod 300 rotates synchronously with the motor shaft 200 and is arranged on the front end of the motor shaft 200, and the friction cap 400 is fitted on the front end of the motor shaft 200.
  • the side wall of 400 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 410 spirally extending around the axial direction of the motor shaft 200, the pin rod 300 is slidingly matched with the arc-shaped groove 410, and the motor shaft 200 drives the pin rod 300 to rotate so that the pin rod 300 drives the friction cap 400 moves axially, and the friction cap 400 moves axially to achieve frictional self-locking or separation before bearing contact.
  • the motor shaft 200 of this embodiment will drive the pin rod 300 to rotate synchronously. Since the pin rod 300 is slidingly matched with the arc-shaped groove 410 on the friction cap 400 , the pin rod 300 will slide from one end of the arc-shaped groove 410 . to the other end of the arc-shaped groove 410, and both ends of the arc-shaped groove 410 have a certain distance in the axial direction of the motor shaft 200, so the pin rod 300 will drive the friction cap 400 to move along the axial direction of the motor shaft 200. When the friction cap 400 moves axially to contact the front bearing to achieve friction, the frictional force between the two will hinder the rotation of the motor shaft 200 to achieve self-locking.
  • the pin rod 300 will drive the friction cap 400 to move axially during the descending process of the furniture part to achieve continuous contact with the housing 100. Friction self-locking, at this time, the torque applied to the motor shaft 200 is greater than the self-locking force, which can ensure the falling of the furniture parts. When the driver stops working, the self-locking force can brake the motor shaft 200 to prevent the furniture parts from falling and make the furniture parts It can stay at a predetermined height position, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the motor shaft 200 in this embodiment is sleeved with a synchronously rotating shaft sleeve 500 , the shaft sleeve 500 and the motor shaft 200 are interference fit or fixed by welding, and the pin rod 300 is welded and fixed on the shaft sleeve 500 or the pin rod 300 It is integrally processed and formed with the shaft sleeve 500, so that there is no need to perforate the motor shaft 200, thereby ensuring the strength of the motor shaft 200; in addition, by changing the position where the shaft sleeve 300 is assembled on the motor shaft 200, processing can be reduced. effects of errors.
  • the friction cap 400 in this embodiment is provided with an assembly hole 420 that communicates with the arc-shaped groove 410 , and the assembly hole 420 communicates axially.
  • the outside and the arc-shaped groove 410, the hole diameter of the assembly hole 420 is larger than the outer diameter of the pin rod 300, and the assembly hole 420 is arranged near the middle of the arc-shaped groove 410. In this way, the shaft sleeve 500 with the pin rod 300 can be fixed first.
  • the friction cap 400 is then fitted on the motor shaft 200, so that the pin 300 is inserted into the arc groove 410 through the assembly hole 420, and the friction cap 400 is rotated to keep the friction cap 400 and the housing 100 separate.
  • the assembling hole 420 is disposed near the middle of the arc-shaped groove 410 , it can also effectively prevent the pin 300 from coming out of the arc-shaped groove 410 when the friction cap 400 is kept in contact with or separated from the housing 100 .
  • the friction cap 400 in this embodiment includes a cap body 401 and a support block 402 circumferentially spaced on the outer peripheral side of the cap body 401.
  • the number of support blocks 402 is two
  • the arc grooves 410 are arranged on the cap body 401, and the support block 402 has a friction surface 403 in contact with the front bearing. Since the friction surface 403 is far away from the motor shaft 200, the arm of the friction force can be effectively increased. When the self-locking force remains unchanged, the area of the friction surface 403 can be reduced, thereby reducing the contact area between the friction cap 400 and the housing 100, thereby reducing the wear on the front end cover.
  • the support block 402 in this embodiment is a U-shaped elastic block, and the bottom edge of the U-shaped elastic block is in contact with the front bearing to realize frictional self-locking.
  • This design enables the bottom edge of the support block 402 to be connected to the housing 100.
  • the elastic contact compared with the rigid contact, not only reduces the wear on the front bearing, but also causes the bottom edge of the support block 402 to deform outward under the action of the elastic restoring force after the bottom edge of the support block 402 is worn to a certain extent. Contact friction with the front bearing is achieved, thereby extending the service life of the friction cap 400 .
  • two arc-shaped grooves 410 are symmetrically distributed on the side wall of the friction cap 400 in this embodiment.
  • the sleeve 500 is provided with two pin rods 300 which are respectively slidably matched with the two arc-shaped grooves 410 .
  • the arc ⁇ of the arc groove 410 is 30° ⁇ 150°.
  • the radian ⁇ is preferably 90°, which is designed to facilitate the processing and forming of a single arc-shaped groove 410 and facilitate the arrangement of two arc-shaped grooves 410 .
  • the radian ⁇ is optional in other embodiments. It can also be, but not limited to, 30°, 50°, 70°, 100°, 120°, 150°, and the like.
  • the axial distance between the two ends of the arc groove along the motor shaft 200 is further defined as H, 0 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.5mm; when H is greater than 0.5mm, it is easy to cause the pin rod 300 to be in the arc.
  • the stuck phenomenon occurs when sliding in the arc-shaped groove 410. Therefore, H in this embodiment is preferably 0.2 mm.
  • H is preferably 0.2 mm.
  • H may also be, but not limited to, 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, and the like.
  • the motor shaft has a non-circular mounting section
  • the shaft sleeve is provided with a mounting hole adapted to the mounting section
  • the mounting hole and the mounting section are in interference fit. , can also realize the synchronous rotation of the shaft sleeve and the motor shaft.
  • the motor shaft is provided with a radially penetrating through hole, and the pin rod is inserted and matched with the through hole.
  • This design can also realize the synchronous rotation of the pin rod and the motor shaft.
  • the friction cap moves axially and contacts the front end cap to achieve frictional self-locking or separation.
  • both ends of the motor shaft can be extended out of the motor casing, and two ends of the motor shaft are respectively provided with The above one-way self-locking device.
  • the housing 100 in this embodiment further includes a rear end cover 120 , and the rear end of the motor shaft penetrates the rear end cover 120 .
  • the rear end of the motor shaft is provided with a radially penetrating through hole, the pin rod 300 is inserted through the through hole and the through hole is inserted and matched, and the side wall of the friction cap 400 is symmetrically provided with two around the motor shaft.
  • the friction cap 400 includes a large cap 404 and a small cap 405 which are axially connected, and the arc groove 410 is provided in the On the side wall of the small cap 405, the motor shaft 200 drives the pin rod 300 to rotate so that the pin rod 300 drives the friction cap 400 to move axially, and the friction cap 400 moves axially to make the bottom wall of the large cap 404 contact the rear end cover 120 to achieve friction. Self-locking or separation, this design can make the structure of the friction cap simpler and easy to process and form.
  • the friction cap 400 is first fitted on the motor shaft 200, and then the pin rod 300 is inserted so that it penetrates the arc 410 and the motor. A through hole in the shaft is sufficient.
  • the housing further includes a rear bearing fixed on the rear end cover, the motor shaft drives the pin rod to rotate so that the pin rod drives the friction cap to move axially, and the friction cap moves axially. Frictional self-locking or separation by contact with the rear bearing.
  • the difference of this embodiment is that the friction cap 400 in this embodiment further includes a flange 406 arranged on the bottom wall of the large cap 404 and extending radially outward , the friction cap 400 moves axially to make the bottom wall of the flange 406 contact the rear end cover 120 to achieve frictional self-locking or separation, thereby increasing the contact area between the friction cap 400 and the rear end cover 120, thereby increasing the self-locking force .
  • the housing further includes a rear bearing fixed on the rear end cover, the motor shaft drives the pin rod to rotate so that the pin rod drives the friction cap to move axially, and the friction cap moves axially. Frictional self-locking or separation by contact with the rear bearing.
  • the driver in this embodiment includes a motor and a gear box
  • the casing 100 includes a motor casing and a gear box casing 130 .
  • One end of the motor shaft 200 protrudes out of the motor casing, and the end of the friction cap 400 away from the assembly hole 420 is provided with a front friction surface that contacts the gearbox casing 130 , and the axial movement of the friction cap 400 can make the front friction surface and the gearbox casing 130 contact to achieve frictional self-locking or separation.
  • the structure of the friction cap and the fixing method of the pin rod and the motor shaft may adopt the technical solutions in the second or third embodiment.
  • the structure of the friction cap and the fixing method of the pin rod and the motor shaft in the first embodiment can adopt the technical solutions in the second or third embodiment; and the one-way self-locking device When installed at the rear end of the motor shaft, the structure of the friction cap and the fixing method of the pin rod and the motor shaft can adopt the technical solution of the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种单向自锁的驱动器，包括壳体、单向自锁装置和至少一端伸出所述壳体外的电机轴，所述单向自锁装置包括销杆、设于所述壳体外侧并套装在所述电机轴上的摩擦帽，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上设有绕着所述电机轴的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽，所述销杆与所述电机轴同步转动并与所述弧形槽滑动配合，所述电机轴带动销杆转动以使所述销杆驱动所述摩擦帽轴向移动，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。

Description

一种单向自锁的驱动器 【技术领域】
本发明涉及驱动器技术领域，尤其涉及一种单向自锁的驱动器。
【背景技术】
现有电动家具上的驱动器停止工作时，在负载的作用下驱动器的电机轴仍会发生一定的转动，导致家具部件继续下降，使家具部件不能停留在预定的高度位置，由此降低了用户的使用体验。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术的不足而提供一种单向自锁的驱动器，能够在驱动器停止时对电机轴进行制动，应用到电动家具上可以防止家具部件下降。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种单向自锁的驱动器，包括壳体、单向自锁装置和至少一端伸出所述壳体外的电机轴，所述单向自锁装置包括销杆、设于所述壳体外侧并套装在所述电机轴上的摩擦帽，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上设有绕着所述电机轴的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽，所述销杆与所述电机轴同步转动并与所述弧形槽滑动配合，所述电机轴带动销杆转动以使所述销杆驱动所述摩擦帽轴向移动，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
进一步的，所述电机轴上设有径向贯穿的通孔，所述销杆与所述通孔插接配合。
进一步的，所述电机轴上套设有同步转动的轴套，所述销杆固定在所述轴套上。
进一步的，所述摩擦帽上设有所述弧形槽连通的装配孔，所述销杆经所述装配孔插装到所述弧形槽内。
进一步的，所述摩擦帽包括与设有所述弧形槽的帽体和周向间隔设于所述帽体外周侧的支撑块，所述支撑块具有与所述壳体接触的摩擦面。
更进一步的，所述支撑块为U型弹性块，所述U型弹性块的底边与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁。
进一步的，所述弧形槽的弧度α为30°～150°。
进一步的，所述弧形槽的两端沿着所述电机轴的轴向距离为H，0＜H＜0.5mm。
进一步的，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上对称分布有两个所述弧形槽。
进一步的，所述驱动器包括电机，所述壳体为电机壳，所述电机轴的至少一端伸出所述电机壳外，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述电机壳接触实现摩擦自锁或分离；或者，所述驱动器包括电机和齿轮箱，所述壳体包括电机壳和齿轮箱壳，所述电机轴的至少一端伸出所述电机壳外，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述齿轮箱壳接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明中的电机轴在转动时会带动销杆同步转动，由于销杆与摩擦帽上的弧形槽滑动配合，因此销杆会从在由弧形槽的一端滑动至弧形槽另一端，而弧形槽的两端在电机轴的轴向存在一定的距离，因此销杆会驱动摩擦帽沿着电机轴的轴向移动，当驱动摩擦帽轴向移动以与壳体接触实现摩擦时，两者之间的摩擦力会阻碍电机轴继续转动进而实现自锁，当摩擦帽轴向移动与壳体分离时，会解除对电机轴的自锁，将此单向自锁的驱动器用于电动家具上时，在家具部件下降过程中，销杆会驱动摩擦帽轴向移动以与壳体接触实现持续的摩擦自锁，此时施加在电机轴上扭矩大于自锁力，能够保证家具部件下降，当驱动器停止工作后，自锁力可以对电机轴进行制动以防止家具部件下降，使家具部件能停留在预定的高度位置，由此提升了用户的使用体验。
电机轴上设有径向贯穿的通孔，销杆与通孔插接配合。如此设计，便于销杆的装配。
电机轴上套设有同步转动的轴套，销杆固定在轴套上。如此设计，无需在电机轴上穿孔，由此保证了电机轴的强度；另外，通过改变轴套的装配在电机轴上的位置，可以减小加工误差带来的影响。
摩擦帽上设有与弧形槽连通的装配孔，销杆经装配孔插装到弧形槽内。如此设计，可方便销杆与轴套固定的技术方案的组装，即组装时，先将轴套固定在电机轴上，随后将摩擦帽套装在电机轴上，使销杆经装配孔插入到弧形槽内即可，转动摩擦帽使摩擦帽与壳体保持分离状态。
摩擦帽包括设有弧形槽的帽体和周向间隔设于帽体外周侧的支撑块，支撑块具有与壳体接触的摩擦面。如此设计，可以有效增加摩擦力的力臂，进而可以减少摩擦帽与壳体的接触面积，进而减少对壳体的磨损。
支撑块为U型弹性块，U型弹性块的底边与壳体接触实现摩擦自锁。如此设计，能够使支撑块的底边与壳体实现弹性接触，相比刚性接触，既减少了对壳体的磨损，又能在支撑块的底边发生一定磨损后，使支撑块的底边在弹性恢复力的作用下向外发生变形以实现与壳体的接触摩擦，由此延长了摩擦帽的使用寿命。
弧形槽的弧度α为30°～150°。如此设计，既便于单个弧形槽的加工成型，又便于后期布置多个弧形槽。
弧形槽的两端沿着电机轴的轴向距离为H，0＜H＜0.5mm。如此设计，能够便于销杆顺畅地在弧形槽内往复滑动，避免轴向距离H过大导致销杆发生卡死现象。
摩擦帽的侧壁上对称分布有两个弧形槽。如此设计，能够使摩擦帽的轴向移动更加平稳，避免摩擦帽轴向移动时倾斜而发生卡死现象。
本发明的这些特点和优点将会在下面的具体实施方式、附图中详细的揭露。
【附图说明】
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1为本发明实施例一中驱动器的结构图；
图2为本发明实施例一中摩擦帽、轴套和销杆配合的结构图；
图3为本发明实施例一中驱动器的局部爆炸图；
图4为本发明实施例一中驱动器的剖视图；
图5为本发明实施例二中驱动器的局部爆炸图；
图6为本发明实施例二中驱动器的剖视图；
图7为本发明实施例三中驱动器的局部爆炸图；
图8为本发明实施例四中驱动器的局部爆炸图一；
图9为本发明实施例四中驱动器的局部爆炸图二。
【具体实施方式】
本发明提供了一种单向自锁的驱动器，包括壳体、单向自锁装置和至少一端伸出所述壳体外的电机轴，所述单向自锁装置包括销杆、设于所述壳体外侧并套装在所述电机轴上的摩擦帽，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上设有绕着所述电机轴的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽，所述销杆与所述电机轴同步转动并与所述弧形槽滑动配合，所述电机轴带动销杆转动以使所述销杆驱动所述摩擦帽轴向移动，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
本发明中的电机轴在转动时会带动销杆同步转动，由于销杆与摩擦帽上的弧形槽滑动配合，因此销杆会从在由弧形槽的一端滑动至弧形槽另一端，而弧形槽的两端在电机轴的轴向存在一定的距离，因此销杆会驱动摩擦帽沿着电机轴的轴向移动，当驱动摩擦帽轴向移动以与壳体接触实现摩擦时，两者之间的摩擦力会阻碍电机轴继续转动进而实现自锁，当摩擦帽轴向移动与壳体分离时， 会解除对电机轴的自锁，将此单向自锁的驱动器用于电动家具上时，在家具部件下降过程中，销杆会驱动摩擦帽轴向移动以与壳体接触实现持续的摩擦自锁，此时施加在电机轴上扭矩大于自锁力，能够保证家具部件下降，当驱动器停止工作后，自锁力可以对电机轴进行制动以防止家具部件下降，使家具部件能停留在预定的高度位置，由此提升了用户的使用体验。
下面结合本发明实施例的附图对本发明实施例的技术方案进行解释和说明，但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例一
参照图1至图4所示，本实施例中单向自锁的驱动器，包括壳体100、单向自锁装置和至少一端伸出壳体100外的电机轴200，驱动器包括电机，其中壳体100为电机壳，电机壳包括前端盖110和设于前端盖上的前轴承，电机轴200具有前端和后端，电机轴200的前端贯穿前端盖110和前轴承并显露于壳体100外侧，单向自锁装置包括销杆300和摩擦帽400，销杆300与电机轴200同步转动并设于电机轴200的前端上，而摩擦帽400套装电机轴200的前端上，摩擦帽400的侧壁上设有绕着电机轴200的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽410，销杆300与弧形槽410滑动配合，电机轴200带动销杆300转动以使销杆300驱动摩擦帽400轴向移动，摩擦帽400轴向移动以前轴承接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
本实施例的电机轴200在转动时会带动销杆300同步转动，由于销杆300与摩擦帽400上的弧形槽410滑动配合，因此销杆300会从在由弧形槽410的一端滑动至弧形槽410的另一端，而弧形槽410的两端在电机轴200的轴向存在一定的距离，因此销杆300会驱动摩擦帽400沿着电机轴200的轴向移动，当驱动摩擦帽400轴向移动以与前轴承接触实现摩擦时，两者之间的摩擦力会阻碍电机轴200的转动进而实现自锁，当摩擦帽400轴向移动与壳体100分离时，会解除对电机轴200的自锁，将此单向自锁的驱动器用于电动家具上时，在家具部件下降过程中，销杆300会驱动摩擦帽400轴向移动以与壳体100接触实现持续的摩擦自锁，此时施加在电机轴200上扭矩大于自锁力，能够保证家具部件下降，当驱动器停止工作后，自锁力可以对电机轴200进行制动以防止家具部件下降，使家 具部件能停留在预定的高度位置，由此提升了用户的使用体验。
具体的，本实施例中的电机轴200上套设有同步转动的轴套500，轴套500与电机轴200过盈配合或焊接固定，销杆300焊接固定在轴套500上或者销杆300与轴套500一体加工成型，如此设计，无需在电机轴200上穿孔，由此保证了电机轴200的强度；另外，通过改变轴套300的装配在电机轴200上的位置，可以减小加工误差带来的影响。
为了方便销杆300插装到弧形槽410内以与弧形槽410滑动配合，本实施例中的摩擦帽400上设有与弧形槽410连通的装配孔420，装配孔420轴向连通外界与弧形槽410，装配孔420的孔径大于销杆300的外径，且装配孔420靠近弧形槽410的中部设置，如此一来，可先将固定有销杆300的轴套500固定在电机轴200上，随后将摩擦帽400套装在电机轴200上，使销杆300经装配孔420插入到弧形槽410内即可，转动摩擦帽400使摩擦帽400与壳体100保持分离状态，另外，由于装配孔420靠近弧形槽410的中部设置，因此也能有效防止摩擦帽400与壳体100保持接触或分离状态时销杆300从弧形槽410内脱出。
另外，为了减少对前轴承的磨损，本实施例中的摩擦帽400包括帽体401和周向间隔设于帽体401外周侧的支撑块402，本实施例中支撑块402的数量为两个且呈对称分布，弧形槽410设于帽体401上，支撑块402具有与前轴承接触的摩擦面403，由于摩擦面403距离电机轴200较远，因此有效增加摩擦力的力臂，在自锁力不变的情况下，可以减少摩擦面403的面积，进而减少摩擦帽400与壳体100的接触面积，以此减少对前端盖的磨损。
最优的，本实施例中的支撑块402为U型弹性块，U型弹性块的底边与前轴承接触实现摩擦自锁，如此设计，能够使支撑块402的底边与壳体100实现弹性接触，相比刚性接触，既减少了对前轴承的磨损，又能在支撑块402的底边发生一定磨损后，使支撑块402的底边在弹性恢复力的作用下向外发生变形以实现与前轴承的接触摩擦，由此延长了摩擦帽400的使用寿命。
为了能够使摩擦帽400的轴向移动更加平稳，避免摩擦帽400轴向移动时倾斜而发生卡死现象，本实施例中摩擦帽400的侧壁上对称分布有两个弧形槽410，轴套500上设有两个分别与两个弧形槽410滑动配合的销杆300。弧形槽410的 弧度α为30°～150°。当弧度α小于30°时，不利于弧形槽410的加工成型；当弧度α大于150°时，不利于两个弧形槽410的布置，且降低了摩擦帽400的结构强度；为此，本实施例中弧度α优选为90°，如此设计，既便于单个弧形槽410的加工成型，又便于两个弧形槽410的布置，当然，可选的是，在其他实施例中弧度α还可为但不限于30°、50°、70°、100°、120°、150°等。
另外，本实施例还对弧形槽的两端沿着电机轴200的轴向距离为H作了进一步限定，0＜H＜0.5mm；当H大于0.5mm时，易导致销杆300在弧形槽410内滑动时发生卡死现象，为此，本实施例中的H优选为0.2mm，如此设计，能够便于销杆300顺畅地在弧形槽410内往复滑动，避免轴向距离H过大导致销杆300发生卡死现象。当然，可选的是，H还可为但不限于0.1mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm等。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，电机轴具有横截面为非圆形的安装段，轴套设有与安装段相适配的安装孔，安装孔与安装段过盈配合，如此设计，也能实现轴套与电机轴同步转动。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，电机轴上设有径向贯穿的通孔，销杆与通孔插接配合，如此设计，也能实现销杆与电机轴同步转动。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，摩擦帽轴向移动并与前端盖接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
需要说明的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，为了提升对电机轴的制动能力，可使电机轴的两端均伸出于电机壳外，并在电机轴的两端分别设有上述单向自锁装置。
实施例二
如图5至图6所示，与实施例一相比，本实施例的不同之处在于，本实施例中的壳体100还包括后端盖120，电机轴的后端贯穿后端盖120显露于电机壳外侧，电机轴的后端设有径向贯穿的通孔，销杆300贯穿通孔与通孔插接配合，摩擦帽400的侧壁上对称设有两个绕着电机轴200的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽410，销杆300的两端分别与两个弧形槽410滑动配合，摩擦帽400包括轴向连接的大 帽404和小帽405，弧形槽410设于小帽405的侧壁上，电机轴200带动销杆300转动以使销杆300驱动摩擦帽400轴向移动，摩擦帽400轴向移动以使大帽404的底壁与后端盖120接触实现摩擦自锁或分离，如此设计，可使摩擦帽的结构更加简单，易于加工成型，组装时，先将摩擦帽400套装在电机轴200上，随后插入销杆300，使其贯穿弧形410和电机轴上的通孔即可。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，壳体还包括固定在后端盖上的后轴承，电机轴带动销杆转动以使销杆驱动摩擦帽轴向移动，摩擦帽轴向移动以与后轴承接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
实施例三
如图7所示，与实施例二相比，本实施例的不同之处在于，本实施例中的摩擦帽400还包括设于大帽404底壁上并径向向外延伸的翻边406，摩擦帽400轴向移动以使翻边406的底壁与后端盖120接触实现摩擦自锁或分离，由此可以增大摩擦帽400与后端盖120的接触面积，进而增加自锁力。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，壳体还包括固定在后端盖上的后轴承，电机轴带动销杆转动以使销杆驱动摩擦帽轴向移动，摩擦帽轴向移动以与后轴承接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
实施例四
如图8和图9所示，与实施例一相比，本实施例的不同之处在于，本实施例中的驱动器包括电机和齿轮箱，壳体100包括电机壳和齿轮箱壳130，电机轴200的一端伸出电机壳外，摩擦帽400上远离装配孔420的一端设有与齿轮箱壳130接触的前摩擦面，摩擦帽400轴向移动可以使前摩擦面与齿轮箱壳130接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，摩擦帽的结构、销杆与电机轴的固定方式可采用实施例二或三中的技术方案。
需要说明的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，实施例一中的摩擦帽的结构、销杆与电机轴的固定方式可采用实施例二或三中的技术方案；而单向自锁装置 设于电机轴后端时，其摩擦帽的结构、销杆与电机轴的固定方式可采用实施例一的技术方案。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，熟悉该本领域的技术人员应该明白本发明包括但不限于附图和上面具体实施方式中描述的内容。任何不偏离本发明的功能和结构原理的修改都将包括在权利要求书的范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单向自锁的驱动器，包括壳体、单向自锁装置和至少一端伸出所述壳体外的电机轴，其特征在于，所述单向自锁装置包括销杆、设于所述壳体外侧并套装在所述电机轴上的摩擦帽，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上设有绕着所述电机轴的轴向螺旋延伸的弧形槽，所述销杆与所述电机轴同步转动并与所述弧形槽滑动配合，所述电机轴带动销杆转动以使所述销杆驱动所述摩擦帽轴向移动，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述电机轴上设有径向贯穿的通孔，所述销杆与所述通孔插接配合。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述电机轴上套设有同步转动的轴套，所述销杆固定在所述轴套上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述摩擦帽上设有与所述弧形槽连通的装配孔，所述销杆经所述装配孔插装到所述弧形槽内。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述摩擦帽包括设有所述弧形槽的帽体和周向间隔设于所述帽体外周侧的支撑块，所述支撑块具有与所述壳体接触的摩擦面。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述支撑块为U型弹性块，所述U型弹性块的底边与所述壳体接触实现摩擦自锁。
  7. 如权利要求1至6之一所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述弧形槽的弧度α为30°～150°。
  8. 如权利要求1至6之一所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述弧形槽的两端沿着所述电机轴的轴向距离为H，0＜H＜0.5mm。
  9. 如权利要求1至6之一所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述摩擦帽的侧壁上对称分布有两个所述弧形槽。
  10. 如权利要求1至6之一所述的一种单向自锁的驱动器，其特征在于，所述驱动器包括电机，所述壳体为电机壳，所述电机轴的至少一端伸出所述电机壳外， 所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述电机壳接触实现摩擦自锁或分离；或者，所述驱动器包括电机和齿轮箱，所述壳体包括电机壳和齿轮箱壳，所述电机轴的至少一端伸出所述电机壳外，所述摩擦帽轴向移动以与所述齿轮箱壳接触实现摩擦自锁或分离。
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