WO2022190644A1 - 撮像装置、電子機器、および信号処理方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to imaging devices, electronic devices, and signal processing methods.
- DNN deep neural networks
- the present disclosure provides an imaging device, an electronic device, and a signal processing method capable of reducing power consumption.
- An imaging device performs a product-sum operation on an input signal based on a first substrate, on which a pixel array unit that outputs pixel signals obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light in a first direction, and pixel signals.
- a second substrate on which a memory array portion is arranged for outputting a convolution signal indicative of the result in a second direction. At least portions of the first substrate and the second substrate overlap each other.
- the first direction may intersect the second direction.
- a metal shield wiring may be further provided between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- At least one of the pixel signal and the convolution signal may be an analog signal.
- a pixel control circuit that controls the pixel array section; a pixel signal processing circuit for processing the pixel signals read out from the pixel array section; a CIM input control circuit that controls the memory array section; A CIM readout circuit for processing the convolved signal read out from the memory array section may be further provided.
- the pixel control circuit is arranged in a direction parallel to the first direction,
- the pixel signal processing circuit is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first direction,
- the CIM input control circuit is arranged in a direction parallel to the second direction;
- the CIM readout circuitry may be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the second direction.
- a third substrate on which the pixel control circuit and the pixel signal processing circuit are arranged may be further provided.
- the third substrate may be arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, or the second substrate may be arranged between the first substrate and the third substrate.
- the pixel control circuit and the CIM readout circuit are arranged opposite to each other with the memory array section interposed therebetween, and the pixel signal processing circuit and the CIM input control circuit are arranged in the memory array section. may be arranged opposite to each other with the .
- a plurality of the memory array units may be arranged in at least one of the first direction and the second direction.
- a plane area of the memory array section may be rectangular, and the second direction may be a long side direction of the rectangle.
- a plane area of the memory array section may be rectangular, and the second direction may be a short side direction of the rectangle.
- the pixel array section and the pixel signal processing circuit may be electrically connected at respective central portions of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the width of the first readout wiring for reading out the pixel signal is different from the width of the second readout wiring for reading out the convolution signal,
- the width of the metal shield wiring may be the same as or wider than the width of the wide readout wiring among the first readout wiring and the second readout wiring.
- the metal shield wiring may be multi-layer wiring, and a part of each metal shield wiring may overlap.
- the metal shield wiring may be arranged near the wide readout wiring among the first readout wiring and the second readout wiring.
- the metal shield wiring may be perpendicular to the first readout wiring and the second readout wiring.
- a switch for switching an output destination of the image signal generated by the pixel signal processing circuit to the CIM input control circuit or the input/output unit may be further provided.
- An electronic device performs a product-sum operation on an input signal based on a first substrate, on which a pixel array unit that outputs pixel signals obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light in a first direction, and pixel signals.
- a second substrate on which a memory array portion is arranged for outputting a convolution signal indicating a result in a second direction, wherein at least a portion of the first substrate and the second substrate overlap each other.
- a signal processing method includes outputting in a first direction pixel signals obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light in a pixel array portion arranged on a first substrate;
- a memory array portion arranged on a second substrate at least partially overlapping with the first substrate outputs a convolution signal indicating a result of sum-of-products operation of an input signal based on a pixel signal in a second direction.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging device according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a tiling structure;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing yet another example of a tiling structure;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a bonding configuration between a first substrate and a second substrate;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another form of bonding between the first substrate and the second substrate;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of pixels arranged in a pixel array section;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of pixels arranged in a pixel array section;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of a pixel array section;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of pixels arranged in a pixel array section;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of pixels arranged in a pixel array section;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an equivalent circuit diagram of pixels arranged in a pixel array section;
- 3 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of an ADC included in the pixel signal processing circuit;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic circuit configuration of a memory array section;
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an arrangement relationship between readout wirings in the first embodiment;
- 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the layout relationship between readout wirings in the first embodiment;
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the layout relationship of metal shield wiring with respect to readout wiring;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 3 is a
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings and metal shield wirings;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings in the second embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings in the second embodiment;
- It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings in the third embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between readout wirings in the third embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging device according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the electronic device which concerns on 5th Embodiment.
- 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an outside information detection unit and an imaging unit;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- the imaging device 1 shown in FIG. a CIM reading circuit 23 , a signal processing circuit 31 , a memory 32 , and an input/output unit 33 .
- a plurality of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged in the pixel array section 11 .
- Each pixel generates a pixel signal S12 by photoelectrically converting incident light based on a plurality of types of pixel control signals S11 from the pixel control circuit 12 .
- each pixel outputs a pixel signal S12 to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 in one direction.
- a circuit configuration example of the pixel will be described later.
- the pixel control circuit 12 is composed of, for example, a shift register, and inputs a pixel control signal S11 to each pixel of the pixel array section 11 via pixel drive wiring (not shown in FIG. 1). By this pixel control signal S11, the pixel control circuit 12 sequentially selects and scans each pixel of the pixel array section 11, and outputs the pixel signal S12 of each pixel to the pixel signal processing circuit 13.
- FIG. 1 A pixel control circuit 12
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 performs CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing for removing pixel-specific fixed pattern noise, AD (Analog to Digital) conversion processing.
- CDS Correlated Double Sampling
- AD Analog to Digital
- the horizontal driving circuit 14 is composed of, for example, a shift register, and sequentially outputs horizontal scanning pulses to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 .
- the image signal S13 held in the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is sequentially output to the CIM reading circuit 23 .
- the logic circuit 15 receives a clock signal input from the outside and data instructing an operation mode, etc., and controls the operation of the imaging apparatus 1 as a whole. For example, the logic circuit 15 generates a vertical synchronizing signal, a horizontal synchronizing signal, etc. based on the input clock signal, and controls the pixel control circuit 12, the pixel signal processing circuit 13, the horizontal driving circuit 14, the CIM input control circuit 22, and to the CIM reading circuit 23 and the like.
- a plurality of memory cells are two-dimensionally arranged in the memory array section 21 .
- the memory array unit 21 unidirectionally outputs a convolution signal S15 indicating the result of analog or digital sum-of-products operation using a plurality of memory cells to the CIM reading circuit 23 .
- a circuit configuration example of the memory array section 21 will be described later.
- the CIM input control circuit 22 is composed of, for example, a shift register, and outputs a memory cell control signal S14 associated with the image signal S13 to each memory cell of the memory array section 21 via memory cell drive wiring (not shown in FIG. 1). Enter With this memory cell control signal S14, the CIM input control circuit 22 selects and scans each memory cell of the memory array section 21 one by one or all at once, and uses the memory value of each memory cell to perform a sum-of-products operation to generate a convolution signal S15. is output to the CIM reading circuit 23 .
- the CIM reading circuit 23 performs AD conversion processing and the like on the convoluted signal S15 read from the memory array section 21 .
- the convolution signal S16 processed by the CIM readout circuit 23 is input to the signal processing circuit 31 .
- the convoluted signal S16 may be intermediate data in the middle of image recognition.
- the signal processing circuit 31 performs conversion processing using an activation function, pooling processing, etc. on the convolution signal S16 input from the CIM reading circuit 23, and outputs the processing result to the input/output unit 33. Part of these processes may be performed by the memory array section 21 or may be performed by the CIM reading circuit 23 . When the signal processing is performed multiple times, the CIM reading circuit 23 may perform several times of signal processing, and then the signal processing circuit 31 may perform the remaining times of signal processing. By sharing the signal processing between the CIM reading circuit 23 and the signal processing circuit 31 in this way, concentration of the processing load can be avoided.
- the signal processing circuit 31 causes the memory 32 to store parameters and the like input from an external image processing device via the input/output unit 33, and appropriately performs signal processing based on instructions from the external image processing device. You can choose and act.
- the memory 32 stores data such as parameters required for signal processing performed by the signal processing circuit 31 .
- the memory 32 may also have a frame memory for storing image signals in processing such as demosaicing, for example.
- the input/output unit 33 outputs the signals that are sequentially input from the signal processing circuit 31 to an external image processing device, such as a subsequent ISP (Image Signal Processor).
- the input/output unit 33 also supplies signals and parameters input from an external image processing device to the signal processing circuit 31 and the logic circuit 15 . Further, the input/output unit 33 writes the data values indicating the learning results provided from the outside to the memory cells of the memory array unit 21, and also reflects the results calculated by the signal processing circuit 31 to the input/output unit 33. It is also possible to update learning results through
- FIG. 2A to 2G are diagrams showing an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device 1.
- the pixel array section 11 is arranged on the first substrate 101 and the memory array section 21 is arranged on the second substrate 102 .
- Each circuit of the imaging device 1 is also arranged on the second substrate 102 .
- the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are, for example, silicon substrates, and are stacked on top of each other. In order to minimize the substrate area, the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 do not need to overlap entirely, but only partially overlap each other.
- two directions parallel to the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 and perpendicular to each other are defined as the X direction and the Y direction, respectively.
- a direction orthogonal to the X direction and the Y direction, in other words, the stacking direction of the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 is defined as the Z direction.
- the pixel signal S12 is output from the pixel array section 11 in the X direction, and the convolution signal S15 is output from the memory array section 21 in the Y direction perpendicular to the X direction.
- the readout wiring (output wiring) for the pixel signal S12 is perpendicular to the readout wiring (output wiring) for the convolution signal S15.
- the output direction of the pixel signal S12 may be any direction that crosses the output direction of the convolution signal S15.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the output direction of the X pixel signal S12, and the pixel control circuit 12 is arranged in a direction parallel to the output direction of the X pixel signal S12. That is, the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the pixel control circuit 12 are arranged perpendicular to each other.
- the CIM input control circuit 22 is arranged in a direction parallel to the output direction of the convolved signal S15
- the CIM readout circuit 23 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the output direction of the convolved signal S15. That is, the CIM input control circuit 22 and the CIM readout circuit 23 are also arranged perpendicular to each other.
- the logic circuit 15 is arranged between the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the memory array section 21 .
- the position of the logic circuit 15 is different from the layout shown in FIG. 2A.
- logic circuit 15 is arranged between pixel control circuit 12 and memory array section 21 .
- the position of the logic circuit 15 is not limited to the positions shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, and may be arranged in a space within the second substrate 102 as appropriate.
- the shape of the planar region of the memory array section 21 is different from the layout shown in FIG. 2A.
- the plane area of the memory array section 21 is a rectangle with the X direction as the short side direction and the Y direction as the long side direction.
- the plane area of the memory array section 21 shown in FIG. 2B is a rectangle with the long side in the X direction and the short side in the Y direction.
- the plane area of the memory array section 21 may be square, and is determined according to the specifications of the sum-of-products operation. For example, when the number of convolutions (the number of additions) of the sum-of-products operation is large, a long read wiring is required. In this case, the rectangular shape of the memory array section 21 shown in FIG. 2A is preferable.
- the CIM input control circuit 22 is arranged between the memory array section 21 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13 .
- the memory array section 21 is arranged in a region away from the central region of the second substrate 102 in the X direction. Therefore, the center of the memory array section 21 is displaced from the center of the pixel array section 11 in the X direction.
- the center position of the pixel array section 11 and the center position of the memory array section 21 may be optimized according to the layout of the signal wiring and power supply wiring. Therefore, the center position of each array section need not be positioned on a straight line extending in the Z direction, and may be shifted in the X or Y direction.
- the output directions of the pixel signal S12 are multiple directions of the +X direction and the -X direction.
- the ⁇ X direction is the direction rotated 180 degrees from the X direction.
- the pixel signal processing circuits 13a and 13b are arranged opposite to each other with the memory array section 21 interposed therebetween in the X direction.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13a processes the pixel signal S12 output from the pixel array section 11 in the +X direction.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13b processes the pixel signal S12 output from the pixel array section 11 in the -X direction.
- the output direction of the convolution signal S15 is also in the multiple directions of the +Y direction and the ⁇ Y direction.
- the -Y direction is a direction rotated 180 degrees from the +Y direction.
- the pixel control circuit 12a and the pixel control circuit 12b are arranged facing each other with the memory array section 21 interposed therebetween.
- the pixel control circuit 12a controls the pixels that output the pixel signal S12 in the +X direction.
- the pixel control circuit 12b controls pixels that output the pixel signal S12 in the -X direction.
- the CIM input control circuit 22a and the CIM input control circuit 22b are also arranged facing each other with the memory array section 21 interposed therebetween.
- the CIM input control circuit 22a inputs to the memory array section 21 an input signal S14 associated with the image signal S13 processed by the pixel signal processing circuit 13a.
- the CIM input control circuit 22b inputs to the memory array section 21 an input signal S14 associated with the image signal S13 processed by the pixel signal processing circuit 13b.
- the CIM readout circuit 23a and the CIM readout circuit 23b are also arranged facing each other with the memory array section 21 interposed therebetween.
- the CIM reading circuit 23a processes the convolution signal S15 output from the memory array section 21 in the -Y direction.
- the CIM reading circuit 23b processes the convolution signal S15 output from the memory array section 21 in the +Y direction.
- the pixel signal S12 is transmitted toward the central portion of the pixel array portion 11, ie, the central portion of the first substrate 1010.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is arranged in the central portion of the second substrate 102 . Thereby, the pixel array section 11 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13 are electrically connected at the respective central portions of the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 .
- FIG. 2G is an example of a so-called tiling structure layout in which a plurality of memory array units 21 are arranged in the Y direction.
- the CIM readout circuit 23 is composed of multiplexers and shared by a plurality of memory array units 21 . Therefore, the convolution signal S15 output from each memory array section 21 is collectively processed by the CIM reading circuit 23 .
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing another example of the tiling structure.
- a plurality of memory array sections 21 are arranged not only in the Y direction but also in the X direction.
- a plurality of memory array units 21 are arranged two-dimensionally.
- the convolution signals S15 output from each memory array section 21 are collectively processed by the CIM reading circuit 23.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing yet another example of the tiling structure.
- a CIM readout circuit 23 is arranged for each of the plurality of memory array units 21 .
- the convolution signals S15 output from each memory array section 21 are individually processed by a plurality of CIM readout circuits 23.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing yet another example of the tiling structure.
- a CIM readout circuit 23 is arranged for each of the plurality of memory array units 21 .
- the convolution signals S15 output from each memory array section 21 are individually processed by a plurality of CIM readout circuits 23.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the joining form between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102.
- a plurality of through electrodes 111 formed on the first substrate 101 and a plurality of connection terminals 112 formed on the second substrate 102 are joined.
- the through electrodes 111 and the connection terminals 112 can be made of metal such as copper.
- a gap between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 is filled with an insulating film.
- the through electrode 111 penetrates the first substrate 101 and is electrically connected to the pixel array section 11 via a wiring layer (not shown) including various wirings.
- the connection terminals 112 are formed on the surface of the second substrate 102 (the bonding surface with the first substrate 101).
- the connection terminals 112 are connected to the pixel control circuit 12 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13 arranged on the second substrate 102 via various wiring layers (not shown).
- the pixel control signal S11 of the pixel control circuit 12 is transmitted from the connection terminal 112 to each pixel of the pixel array section 11 through the through electrode 111.
- the pixel signal S12 of each pixel is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 from another through electrode 111 through another connection terminal 112 .
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another form of bonding between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102.
- FIG. 4B In the bonding form shown in FIG. 4B, a plurality of connection terminals 121 (first connection terminals) formed on the first substrate 101 and a plurality of connection terminals 112 (second connection terminals) formed on the second substrate 102 are connected. It is a so-called Cu--Cu joint.
- the connection terminal 121 can be formed of a metal such as copper in the same manner as the connection terminal 112, and is electrically connected to the pixel array section 11 via wiring (not shown). Also in this bonding mode, the gap between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 is filled with an insulating film.
- the pixel control signal S11 of the pixel control circuit 12 is transmitted from the connection terminal 112 to each pixel of the pixel array section 11 through the connection terminal 121 . Also, the pixel signal S12 of each pixel is transmitted from another connection terminal 121 to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 through another connection terminal 112 .
- the pixel array section 11 is formed above the through electrodes 111 or the connection terminals 121 .
- a circuit group including the pixel control circuit 12 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is formed in a layer below the connection terminal 112 .
- 5A to 5E are diagrams showing examples of equivalent circuit diagrams of pixels arranged in the pixel array section 11.
- FIG. The circuit configuration of the pixel shown in each drawing will be described below.
- a pixel 50 a shown in FIG. 5A has a photodiode 51 , a transfer transistor 52 , a reset transistor 53 , an amplification transistor 54 and a selection transistor 55 .
- the photodiode 51 is a photoelectric conversion unit that generates and accumulates charges (signal charges) according to the amount of light received.
- the photodiode 51 has an anode terminal grounded and a cathode terminal connected to the transfer transistor 52 .
- the transfer transistor 52 reads the charge from the photodiode 51 and transfers it to the amplification transistor 54 when turned on by a transfer signal that is one of the pixel control signals S11.
- a transfer signal that is one of the pixel control signals S11
- the reset transistor 53 is turned on by a reset signal, which is one of the pixel control signals S11, the charge accumulated in the photodiode 51 is discharged to the power supply, thereby resetting the potential of the photodiode 51 .
- the amplification transistor 54 outputs a pixel signal S12 corresponding to the amount of charge accumulated in the photodiode 51 to the selection transistor 55 .
- the selection transistor 55 outputs the pixel signal S12 to the readout wiring 56 when turned on by a selection signal that is one of the pixel control signals S11.
- the pixel signal S ⁇ b>12 is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 via the readout wiring 56 .
- a pixel 50b shown in FIG. 5B has two photodiodes 51a and 51b. Charges generated by photoelectric conversion of photodiode 51a are temporarily held in memory transistor 57a and capacitor 58a. The held charges are transferred to the amplification transistor 54 by the transfer transistor 52a. On the other hand, charges generated by photoelectric conversion of the photodiode 51b are temporarily held in the memory transistor 57b and the capacitor 58b. The retained charges are transferred to the amplification transistor 54 by the transfer transistor 52b.
- the amplification transistor 54 outputs to the selection transistor 55 a pixel signal S12 corresponding to the amount of charge transferred from the transfer transistor 52a or the transfer transistor 52b.
- the selection transistor 55 outputs the pixel signal S12 to the readout wiring 56 .
- the pixel signal S ⁇ b>12 is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 via the readout wiring 56 .
- a reset transistor 53 resets the potential of each of the photodiodes 51a and 51b.
- a pixel 50c shown in FIG. 5C is an example of a so-called PWM (Pulse Wide Modulation) pixel.
- a slope signal S11a which is one of the pixel control signals S11, is input to the gate of a P-channel MOS transistor 59 in the pixel 50c.
- the MOS transistor 59 is connected in series with the amplification transistor 54 .
- the selection transistor 55 outputs a PWM pixel signal S12 indicating the result of comparison between the output of the MOS transistor 59 and the output of the amplification transistor 54 to the readout line 56 .
- the pixel signal S ⁇ b>12 is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 via the readout wiring 56 .
- the photodiodes 51a to 51c each have a photoelectric conversion film 511, a transparent electrode 512, and a lower electrode 513.
- the photoelectric conversion film 511 is an organic photoelectric conversion film or an inorganic photoelectric conversion film.
- the transparent electrode 512 is arranged on the upper surface of the photoelectric conversion film 511 .
- the lower electrode 513 is arranged on the upper surface of the photoelectric conversion film 511 . That is, the transparent electrode 512 is sandwiched between the transparent electrode 512 and the lower electrode 513 .
- the photoelectric conversion film 511 controls the voltage of the transparent electrode 512 to realize a global shutter.
- the charges photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion films 511 of the photodiodes 51a to 51c are transferred to the amplification transistors 54 by the transfer transistors 52a to 52c, respectively.
- the amplification transistor 54 outputs a pixel signal S12 corresponding to the charge amount accumulated in the photodiode 51 to the selection transistor 55 .
- the selection transistor 55 outputs the pixel signal S12 to the readout wiring 56 .
- the pixel signal S ⁇ b>12 is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 via the readout wiring 56 .
- the potential of each photodiode is reset by a reset transistor 53 .
- a pixel 50e shown in FIG. 5E is an example of a DVS (Dynamic Vision Sensor) pixel that outputs changes in brightness.
- Pixel 50 e has logarithmic conversion circuitry 510 , buffer circuitry 520 , subtraction circuitry 530 and quantization circuitry 540 .
- the logarithmic conversion circuit 510 has a photodiode 51 , an N-channel MOS transistor 514 , a P-channel MOS transistor 515 , and an N-channel MOS transistor 516 .
- Photodiode 51 and MOS transistor 514 are connected in series.
- MOS transistors 515 and 516 are also connected in series.
- the gate of MOS transistor 514 is connected to the drain of MOS transistor 515 and the drain of MOS transistor 516 .
- the logarithmic conversion circuit 510 converts the charge photoelectrically converted by the photodiode 51 into a logarithmic output voltage Vlog.
- the buffer circuit 520 has a P-channel MOS transistor 521 and a P-channel MOS transistor 522 . MOS transistor 521 and MOS transistor 522 are connected in series. Buffer circuit 520 outputs a source follower voltage VSF obtained by performing impedance conversion on voltage Vlog input to the gate of MOS transistor 522 .
- the subtraction circuit 530 has a P-channel MOS transistor 531 , a P-channel MOS transistor 532 , an N-channel MOS transistor 533 , a capacitor 534 and a capacitor 535 .
- MOS transistor 532 and MOS transistor 533 are connected in series.
- a capacitor 534 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor 532 .
- MOS transistor 531 and capacitor 535 are connected in parallel between the gate and drain of MOS transistor 532 .
- Subtraction circuit 530 outputs a differential voltage Vdiff from the previous signal.
- the quantization circuit 540 has a P-channel MOS transistor 541 , an N-channel MOS transistor 542 , a P-channel MOS transistor 543 , and an N-channel MOS transistor 544 .
- MOS transistor 541 and MOS transistor 542 are connected in series.
- MOS transistors 543 and 544 are also connected in series.
- Quantization circuit 540 compares differential voltage Vdiff input to the gates of MOS transistors 541 and 543 with two threshold values. After that, the comparison result (VO(+), VO(-)) is transmitted to the pixel signal processing circuit 13 via the read wiring 56 as the pixel signal S12.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 determines "+1", "0" and "-1" based on the pixel signal S12.
- the pixels arranged in the pixel array section 11 are not limited to the pixels 50a to 50e shown in FIGS. 5A to 5E.
- the pixel array section 11 may have so-called convolution pixels that add the pixel signals S12 of each pixel.
- a polarization sensor or a multispectral sensor may be arranged in the pixel array section 11 .
- the polarization sensor further has a diffraction element that polarizes the light incident on the photodiode 51 .
- the multispectral sensor further has a color filter that color separates the light incident on the photodiode 51 .
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) included in the pixel signal processing circuit 13.
- ADC Analog to Digital Converter
- FIG. 6 has multiple comparators 131 , multiple counters 132 , and multiple latch circuits 133 .
- the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator 131 receives the pixel signal S12 of the pixel 50 corresponding to one of the pixels 50a to 50e described above.
- a triangular wave ramp signal RAMP is input to the inverting input terminal.
- Each comparator 131 outputs a comparison result between the pixel signal S12 and the ramp signal RAMP.
- Each counter 132 is connected to the output terminal of the comparator 131 .
- Each counter 132 counts the change time of the output level of the comparator 131 .
- Each latch circuit 133 holds the count result of each counter 132 .
- the ADC included in the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is not limited to the single slope ADC shown in FIG.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 includes, for example, a pixel ADC that processes the pixel signal S12 for each pixel, a column ADC that counts the comparison time of a plurality of comparators 131 with one counter 132, a double integration type ADC that has an integration circuit, a sequential A comparison type (SAR) ADC, a delta-sigma type ADC, or the like may be included.
- the resolution of the ADC can be appropriately selected within the range of 1 bit to 12 bits, for example.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic circuit configuration of the memory array section 21. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of memory cells 71 are two-dimensionally arranged in the memory array section 21 . Each memory cell 71 is arranged near the intersection of the signal wiring 72 and the readout wiring 73 . Note that the memory cells 71 may be arranged three-dimensionally. In this case, multiple memory cells 71 are arranged in the X, Y, and Z directions.
- the memory cell 71 includes, for example, a resistance change memory (ReRAM: Resistive Random Access Memory), a phase change memory (PCM: Phase Change Memory), a magnetoresistive memory (MRAM: Magneto resistive Random Memory), or a ferroelectric memory ( FeRAM: Ferroelectric Random Access Memory) can be applied. Also, the memory cell 71 may be an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) or a non-volatile memory.
- ReRAM Resistive Random Access Memory
- PCM Phase Change Memory
- MRAM Magnetoresistive memory
- FeRAM Ferroelectric Random Access Memory
- the memory cells 71 hold memory values (eg, +1, -1, 0.5).
- the memory array section 21 multiplies the memory value of each memory cell 71 by the signal value of the memory cell control signal S14 input as an input signal from the CIM input control circuit 22 via the signal wiring 72 . Subsequently, the memory array unit 21 sequentially adds the multiplication results through the readout wiring 73 row by row or column by column. As a result, the digital convolution signal S15 indicating the sum-of-products operation result is read out to the CIM reading circuit 23.
- the convolution signal S15 is of analog type, after the input signal via the signal wiring 72 and the memory value are multiplied, the charge is added on the readout wiring 73, and the convolution signal S15 is read out to the CIM readout circuit 23. .
- input signals can be input to all the signal wirings 72 at once, and if the CIM readout circuit 23 is a column ADC, it is also possible to read out the convolution signal S15 from all the readout wirings 73 at once. .
- FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convoluted signal S15.
- the readout wiring 56 is arranged on the bottom (back) side of the first substrate 101
- the readout wiring 73 is arranged on the top (front) side of the second substrate 102 . Therefore, the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are arranged such that a part of each thereof faces each other in the stacking direction (Z direction).
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convoluted signal S15.
- the readout wiring 56 is arranged on the bottom (back) side of the first substrate 101
- the readout wiring 73 is arranged on the bottom (back) side of the second substrate 102 . Therefore, the readout wiring 73 is arranged so as to face the readout wiring 56 with the second substrate 102 interposed therebetween.
- a shield is preferably provided.
- the second substrate 102 is preferably thin in order to reduce the size of the imaging device 1 .
- the second substrate 102 is made of a material suitable for shielding interference noise between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 and has a sufficient thickness for noise shielding.
- the first substrate 101 on which the pixel array section 11 is formed and the second substrate 102 on which the memory array section 21 is formed are laminated. Due to the stacked arrangement of the pixel array section 11 and the memory array section 21, the transmission distance of the pixel signal S12 from the pixel array section 11 to the memory array section 21 is shortened. As a result, the power consumption of the imaging device 1 can be reduced. In addition, the lamination arrangement described above contributes to miniaturization of the layout of the entire chip, and this miniaturization also contributes to low power consumption of the imaging device 1 .
- interference noise may occur between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15. .
- the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are arranged to cross each other. That is, the output direction of the pixel signal S12 is crossed with the output direction of the convolution signal S15. Therefore, interference noise between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 can be reduced. As a result, the quality of both the pixel signal S12 and the convoluted signal S15 is improved, so that it is possible to improve the computational accuracy of the DNN.
- the second embodiment will be described below, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIGS. 9A to 9G are diagrams showing an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device according to the second embodiment. For space reasons, only the pixel control circuit 12, the pixel signal processing circuit 13, the logic circuit 15, the CIM input control circuit 22, and the CIM readout circuit 23 are shown on the second substrate 102 in each figure, and other circuits are shown. is omitted.
- the output direction of the pixel signal S12 is parallel to the output direction of the convolution signal S15. That is, the readout wiring 56 (output wiring) for the pixel signal S12 is parallel to the readout wiring 73 (output wiring) for the convolution signal S15.
- metal is provided between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 in order to suppress interference noise generated between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convoluted signal S15.
- a shield wiring 81 is arranged.
- the metal shield wiring 81 contains metal such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or tungsten (W).
- the potential of the metal shield wiring 81 may be the power supply potential of the first substrate 101 or the second substrate 102, or may be the ground potential. Considering power supply noise, the metal shield wiring 81 is preferably grounded.
- the shape of the planar region of the memory array section 21 is different from the layout shown in FIG. 9A.
- the plane area of the memory array section 21 is a rectangle with the X direction as the short side direction and the Y direction as the long side direction.
- the planar area shown in FIG. 9B is a rectangle with the long side in the X direction and the short side in the Y direction.
- the plane area of the memory array section 21 may be square, which is determined according to the specifications of the sum-of-products operation. For example, when the number of output channels of the convoluted signal S15 is large, a large number of read wirings 73 are required. In this case, the rectangular shape of the memory array section 21 shown in FIG. 9A is preferable.
- the position of the CIM input control circuit 22 and the position of the CIM readout circuit 23 on the second substrate 102 are different.
- the CIM input control circuit 22 is arranged along the output direction of the convolved signal S15.
- the CIM readout circuit 23 is arranged between the memory array section 21 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13b.
- the output direction of the pixel signal S12 may be multiple directions of the +X direction and the ⁇ X direction.
- the processing of the pixel signal S12 may be distributed to the pixel signal processing circuit 13a and the pixel signal processing circuit 13b according to the output direction of the pixel signal S12.
- the positions of the CIM input control circuit 22 and the CIM readout circuit 23 are switched on the second substrate 102 .
- the pixel signal S12 and the convolution signal S15 may be output in multiple directions.
- the pixel signal S12 is transmitted toward the central portion of the pixel array section 11, ie, the central portion of the first substrate 1010, similarly to the layout shown in FIG. 2F.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 is arranged in the central portion of the second substrate 102 . Thereby, the pixel array section 11 and the pixel signal processing circuit 13 are electrically connected at the respective central portions of the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 .
- a tiling structure may be employed in which a plurality of memory array sections 21 are arranged in the Y direction on the second substrate 102 .
- a plurality of memory array units 21 may employ a tiling structure arranged not only in the Y direction but also in the X direction (see FIG. 3A), and the CIM readout circuit 23 is arranged in the memory array unit 21 may be provided (see FIG. 3B).
- 10A to 10F are cross-sectional views showing an example of the layout relationship of the metal shield wiring 81 with respect to the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15.
- the width W1 of the readout wiring 56 is wider than the width W2 of the readout wiring 73.
- the width W3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is the same as that of the wide readout wiring 56 .
- the width W3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is the same as the width W2 of the readout wiring 73.
- the width W3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is the widest among the readout wiring 56, the readout wiring 73, and the metal shield wiring 81. In FIG. In this case, interference noise can be further reduced than with the read wiring 73 shown in FIG. 10A.
- the metal shield wiring 81 is multilayer wiring in which metal shield wiring 81a and metal shield wiring 81b are laminated.
- the metal shield wiring 81a and the metal shield wiring 81b are staggered in the Y direction so as to partially overlap each other. Therefore, there is no gap between the metal shield wirings between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 . In this case, interference noise can be reduced more than the readout wiring 73 shown in FIG. 10B.
- the number of layers of the metal shield wiring 81 is not limited to two layers, and may be three layers or more.
- the number of readout wirings 56 is greater than the number of readout wirings 73 .
- the width W2 of the readout wiring 73 is wider than the width W1 of the readout wiring 56 .
- the width W3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is less than the width of the wide readout wiring (the readout wiring 73 in FIG. 10D) that is likely to generate interference noise. equal to or wider than the width of As a result, even if the number of wirings between the readout wirings 56 and the readout wirings 73 is different, the interference noise can be effectively reduced.
- the center pitch P1 of the readout wirings 56 is smaller than the center pitch P2 of the readout wirings 73 .
- the width W2 of the readout wiring 73 is wider than the width W1 of the readout wiring 56 .
- the width W3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is less than the width of the wide readout wiring (the readout wiring 73 in FIG. 10E) that is likely to generate interference noise. equal to or wider than the width of
- the center pitch P3 of the metal shield wiring 81 is also the same as the center pitch of the wide readout wiring. As a result, even if the center pitch between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 is different, the interference noise can be effectively reduced.
- the width W2 of the readout wiring 73 is wider than the width W1 of the readout wiring 56. Further, the distance D1 between the readout wiring 56 and the metal shield wiring 81 is larger than the distance D2 between the readout wiring 73 and the metal shield wiring 81 . In this way, when the widths of the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are different, the metal shield wiring 81 is placed near the wide readout wiring (the readout wiring 73 in FIG. 10E) where interference noise is likely to occur. placed in As a result, interference noise can be reduced more effectively than when the interval D1 and the interval D2 are equal, that is, when the metal shield wiring 81 is arranged between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73. .
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of the arrangement relationship of the metal shield wiring 81 with respect to the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15.
- the metal shield wiring 81b and the metal shield wiring 81b extend in the X direction parallel to the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 .
- the metal shield wiring 81 a and the metal shield wiring 81 b extend in the Y direction perpendicular to the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 . That is, the metal shield wiring 81a and the metal shield wiring 81b are perpendicular to the output direction of the image signal S13 and the convolution signal S15.
- the metal shield wiring 81a and the metal shield wiring 81b are arranged with being shifted in the X direction so that each part overlaps. This eliminates the gap between the metal shield wirings between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 . Therefore, interference noise can be further reduced.
- FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15 in this embodiment.
- the readout wiring 56 is arranged on the bottom side of the first substrate 101 and the readout wiring 73 is arranged on the top side of the second substrate 102 . Therefore, the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are arranged so as to face each other in the stacking direction (Z direction) with the metal shield wiring 81 interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convoluted signal S15.
- the readout wiring 56 is arranged on the bottom (back) side of the first substrate 101
- the readout wiring 73 is arranged on the bottom (back) side of the second substrate 102 . Therefore, the readout wiring 73 is arranged so as to face the readout wiring 56 with the second substrate 102 and the metal shield wiring 81 interposed therebetween.
- the second substrate 102 is formed of a material suitable for shielding interference noise between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73, and is also made of a material sufficient for noise shielding. thickness.
- the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are laminated, so that the transmission of the pixel signal S12 from the pixel array section 11 to the memory array section 21 is possible. Shorter distance. As a result, the power consumption of the imaging device 1 can be reduced.
- the lamination arrangement described above contributes to miniaturization of the layout of the entire chip, and this miniaturization also contributes to low power consumption of the imaging device 1 .
- a metal shield wiring 81 is arranged between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 . Therefore, interference noise between both wirings can be reduced. As a result, the quality of both the pixel signal S12 and the convoluted signal S15 is improved, so that it is possible to improve the computational accuracy of the DNN.
- the metal shield wiring 81 described in the second embodiment may be provided in the imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment described above. In this case, interference noise between the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 13A to 13D are diagrams showing an example of the circuit layout of the imaging device according to the third embodiment.
- the pixel array section 11 is arranged on the first substrate 101.
- a memory array section 21 a CIM input control circuit 22 and a CIM reading circuit 23 are arranged on the second substrate 102 .
- the imaging device according to this embodiment also has a third substrate 103 .
- a pixel control circuit 12 , a pixel signal processing circuit 13 , and a logic circuit 15 are arranged on the third substrate 103 .
- the third substrate 103 is laminated between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 also includes a single slope ADC that processes the pixel signal processing circuit 13 in units of pixel columns.
- the third substrate 103 is laminated between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 as in FIG. 13A.
- the pixel signal processing circuit 13 includes a pixel ADC that processes the pixel signal processing circuit 13 for each pixel. Therefore, the area occupied by the pixel signal processing circuit 13 in the third substrate 103 is larger than the area of the pixel signal processing circuit 13 shown in FIG. 13A.
- FIG. 13C is the same as FIG. 13A except that the positions of the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 are switched. That is, in FIG. 13C, the second substrate 102 is laminated between the first substrate 101 and the third substrate 103 .
- FIG. 13D is the same as FIG. 13B except that the positions of the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 are switched.
- the stacking order of the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 may be reversed.
- FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15 in this embodiment.
- the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are arranged as shown in FIG. 14A. , are arranged to face each other in the stacking direction with the third substrate 103 interposed therebetween.
- a signal wiring 80 for transmitting the image signal S13 processed by the pixel signal processing circuit 13 to the CIM input control circuit 22 is formed on the third substrate 103 .
- the signal wiring 80 is preferably perpendicular to the readout wiring 73 as well as the readout wiring 56 .
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement relationship between the readout wiring 56 for the pixel signal S12 and the readout wiring 73 for the convolution signal S15 in this embodiment.
- the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 are partially laminated. They are arranged so as to face each other in the direction (Z direction).
- the signal wiring 80 is preferably perpendicular to the readout wiring 73 as with the readout wiring 56 . Thereby, interference noise between the signal wiring 80 and the readout wiring 73 can be reduced.
- the circuit elements constituting the imaging device on four or more substrates that are stacked one on top of the other.
- the first substrate 101 on which the pixel array section 11 is mounted is arranged in the uppermost layer, the other substrates are arranged in any order.
- the transmission distance of the pixel signal S12 from the pixel array section 11 to the memory array section 21 is becomes shorter. As a result, the power consumption of the imaging device 1 can be reduced.
- the readout wiring 56 and the readout wiring 73 intersect each other, so interference noise between both wirings can be reduced.
- both the quality of the pixel signal S12 and the convolution signal S15 are improved, so that it is possible to improve the calculation accuracy of the DNN.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an imaging device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the imaging device 4 according to this embodiment further includes a switch 41 in addition to the components of the imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the switch 41 is arranged between the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the CIM input control circuit 22 .
- the switch 41 When performing a sum-of-products operation on image data, the switch 41 connects the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the CIM input control circuit 22 under the control of the logic circuit 15 .
- the switch 41 When the image signal S13 is output to the outside of the imaging device 4, the switch 41 connects the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the input/output unit 33 under the control of the logic circuit 15. FIG. In this case, the image signal S13 is output through the input/output unit 33 to the outside.
- the switch 41 is provided between the pixel signal processing circuit 13 and the CIM input control circuit 22 in this embodiment, it may be provided inside the CIM input control circuit 22 .
- the switch 41 can switch the output destination of the image signal S13 generated by the pixel signal processing circuit 13 to the CIM input control circuit 22 or the input/output unit 33. Therefore, the destination of the image signal S13 can be selected according to the purpose of use.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an electronic device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the electronic device 200 according to this embodiment is a camera system, and as shown in FIG. .
- the lens 220 forms an image of incident light (image light) on the imaging surface.
- the drive circuit 230 has a timing generator (not shown) that generates various timing signals including start pulses and clock pulses for driving circuits in the imaging device 210, and drives the imaging device 210 with predetermined timing signals.
- the signal processing circuit 240 performs predetermined signal processing on the output signal of the imaging device 210 .
- the image signal processed by the signal processing circuit 240 is recorded in a recording medium such as a memory. Image information recorded on a recording medium is hard-copied by a printer or the like. Also, the image signal processed by the signal processing circuit 240 is displayed as a moving image on a monitor such as a liquid crystal display.
- the imaging device according to each of the embodiments described above as the imaging device 210 in the electronic device 200 such as a digital still camera, a highly accurate imaging function can be realized.
- the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- a vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- vehicle control system 12000 includes drive system control unit 12010 , body system control unit 12020 , vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 , vehicle interior information detection unit 12040 , and integrated control unit 12050 .
- a microcomputer 12051 , an audio/image output unit 12052 , and an in-vehicle network I/F (Interface) 12053 are illustrated as the functional configuration of the integrated control unit 12050 .
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices equipped on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, winkers or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 can receive radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc. of the vehicle.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging section 12031 .
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010 .
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, etc. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, etc. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12030 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062 and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and windshield of the vehicle 12100, for example.
- An image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an image pickup unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100 .
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
- the imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment is mainly used for detecting preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
- the imaging range 1211212113 indicates the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors
- the imaging range 12114 indicates the imaging range of the rear bumper or
- the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided in the back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the traveling path of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle autonomously travels without depending on the operation of the driver.
- automatic brake control including following stop control
- automatic acceleration control including following start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, an audio speaker 12061 and a display unit 12062 are displayed. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
- recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
- the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied, for example, to the imaging unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
- the imaging devices according to the first to fourth embodiments can be applied to the imaging unit 12031.
- FIG. By applying the technology according to the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain a captured image with low-noise imaging performance, so that image quality can be improved.
- this technique can take the following structures. (1) a first substrate on which a pixel array section for outputting, in a first direction, pixel signals obtained by photoelectrically converting incident light is arranged; a second substrate on which a memory array unit is arranged for outputting a convolution signal indicating a result of sum-of-products operation of the input signal based on the pixel signal in a second direction; An imaging device, wherein at least a portion of the first substrate and the second substrate overlap each other. (2) The imaging device according to (1), wherein the first direction intersects the second direction. (3) the first direction is parallel to the second direction; The imaging device according to (1), further comprising a metal shield wiring arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein at least one of the pixel signal and the convolved signal is an analog signal.
- a pixel control circuit that controls the pixel array section; a pixel signal processing circuit for processing the pixel signals read out from the pixel array section; a CIM input control circuit that controls the memory array section;
- the imaging apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), further comprising a CIM readout circuit that processes the convolved signal read out from the memory array section.
- the pixel control circuit is arranged in a direction parallel to the first direction;
- the pixel signal processing circuit is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the CIM input control circuit is arranged in a direction parallel to the second direction;
- the third substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, or the second substrate is disposed between the first substrate and the third substrate; 7) The imaging device described in 7).
- the pixel control circuit and the CIM readout circuit are arranged opposite to each other with the memory array section interposed therebetween, and the pixel signal processing circuit and the CIM input control circuit
- the image pickup apparatus according to (5) which are arranged to face each other with the memory array section interposed therebetween.
- (12) The imaging device according to (3) wherein the planar area of the memory array section is a rectangle, and the second direction is a short side direction of the rectangle.
- the imaging device according to (5) wherein the pixel array section and the pixel signal processing circuit are electrically connected at respective central portions of the first substrate and the second substrate.
- the width of the first readout wiring for reading out the pixel signal is different from the width of the second readout wiring for reading out the convolution signal;
- the width of the metal shield wiring is the same as or wider than the width of the wide readout wiring among the first readout wiring and the second readout wiring.
- the metal shield wiring is a multi-layer wiring, and each metal shield wiring partially overlaps with each other.
- imaging device 11 pixel array unit 12: pixel control circuit 13: pixel signal processing circuit 21: memory array unit 22: CIM input control circuit 23: CIM readout circuit 33: input/output unit 41: switch 56: readout wiring 73: Readout wiring 81: Metal shield wiring 101: First substrate 102: Second substrate 103: Third substrate
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Abstract
Description
前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に配置されるメタルシールド配線をさらに備えていてもよい。
前記画素アレイ部から読み出した前記画素信号を処理する画素信号処理回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部を制御するCIM入力制御回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部から読み出した前記畳み込み信号を処理するCIM読み出し回路と、をさらに備えていてもよい。
前記画素信号処理回路は、前記第1方向に垂直な方向に配置され、
前記CIM入力制御回路は、前記第2方向に平行な方向に配置され、
前記CIM読み出し回路は、前記第2方向に垂直な方向に配置されてもよい。
前記メタルシールド配線の幅が、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線の中で幅広の読み出し配線の幅と同じかまたは広くてもよい。
前記画素信号処理回路で生成された画像信号の出力先を、前記CIM入力制御回路または前記入出力部に切り替えるスイッチと、をさらに備えていてもよい。
第1基板に配置される画素アレイ部で入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力し、
少なくとも一部が第1基板と重なり合う第2基板に配置されるメモリアレイ部で、画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力する。
図1は、第1実施形態に係る撮像装置の構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示す撮像装置1は、画素アレイ部11と、画素制御回路12と、画素信号処理回路13と、水平駆動回路14と、ロジック回路15と、メモリアレイ部21と、CIM入力制御回路22と、CIM読み出し回路23と、信号処理回路31と、メモリ32と、入出力部33と、を備える。
以下、第3実施形態について、第1実施形態と異なる点を中心に説明する。本実施形態では、第1実施形態と同様の構成要素には、同じ符号を付し、詳細な説明を省略する。
図15は、第4実施形態に係る撮像装置の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態に係る撮像装置4は、第1実施形態に係る撮像装置1の構成要素に加えて、スイッチ41をさらに備える。
図16は、第5実施形態に係る電子機器の構成の一例を示す図である。本実施形態に係る電子機器200は、カメラシステムであり、図16に示すように、撮像装置210と、レンズ220と、駆動回路(DRV)230と、信号処理回路(PRC)240と、を備える。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1) 入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力する画素アレイ部が配置される第1基板と、
前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力するメモリアレイ部が配置される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一部が互いに重なり合う、撮像装置。
(2) 前記第1方向が前記第2方向と交差する、(1)に記載の撮像装置。
(3) 前記第1方向が前記第2方向と平行であり、
前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に配置されるメタルシールド配線をさらに備える、(1)に記載の撮像装置。
(4) 前記画素信号および前記畳み込み信号の少なくとも一方がアナログ信号である、(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
(5) 前記画素アレイ部を制御する画素制御回路と、
前記画素アレイ部から読み出した前記画素信号を処理する画素信号処理回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部を制御するCIM入力制御回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部から読み出した前記畳み込み信号を処理するCIM読み出し回路と、をさらに備える、(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
(6) 前記画素制御回路は、前記第1方向に平行な方向に配置され、
前記画素信号処理回路は、前記第1方向に垂直な方向に配置され、
前記CIM入力制御回路は、前記第2方向に平行な方向に配置され、
前記CIM読み出し回路は、前記第2方向に垂直な方向に配置される、(5)に記載の撮像装置。
(7) 前記画素制御回路および前記画素信号処理回路が配置される第3基板をさらに備える、(5)に記載の撮像装置。
(8) 前記第3基板が前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に配置されるか、または前記第2基板が前記第1基板と前記第3基板との間に配置される、(7)に記載の撮像装置。
(9) 前記第2基板において、前記画素制御回路と前記CIM読み出し回路とが、前記メモリアレイ部を挟んで互いに対向配置され、かつ、前記画素信号処理回路と前記CIM入力制御回路とが、前記メモリアレイ部を挟んで互いに対向配置される、(5)に記載の撮像装置。
(10) 複数の前記メモリアレイ部が、前記第1方向と前記第2方向の少なくとも一方に配列される、(1)から(9)のいずれかに記載の撮像装置。
(11) 前記メモリアレイ部の平面領域が矩形であり、前記第2方向が前記矩形の長辺方向である、(2)に記載の撮像装置。
(12) 前記メモリアレイ部の平面領域が矩形であり、前記第2方向が前記矩形の短辺方向である、(3)に記載の撮像装置。
(13) 前記画素アレイ部および前記画素信号処理回路が、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の各々の中央部で電気的に接続される、(5)に記載の撮像装置。
(14) 前記画素信号を読み出すための第1読み出し配線の幅が、前記畳み込み信号を読み出すための第2読み出し配線の幅と異なり、
前記メタルシールド配線の幅が、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線の中で幅広の読み出し配線の幅と同じかまたは広い、(3)に記載の撮像装置。
(15) 前記メタルシールド配線が、多層配線であり、各々のメタルシールド配線の一部が重なり合っている、(14)に記載の撮像装置。
(16) 前記メタルシールド配線は、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線の中で幅広の読み出し配線の近くに配置される、(14)に記載の撮像装置。
(17) 前記メタルシールド配線は、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線に垂直である、(14)に記載の撮像装置。
(18) 信号を入出力する入出力部と、
前記画素信号処理回路で生成された画像信号の出力先を、前記CIM入力制御回路または前記入出力部に切り替えるスイッチと、をさらに備える、(5)に記載の撮像装置。
(19) 入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力する画素アレイ部が配置される第1基板と、前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力するメモリアレイ部が配置される第2基板と、を有し、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一部が互いに重なり合う撮像装置を備える、電子機器。
(20) 第1基板に配置される画素アレイ部で入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力し、
少なくとも一部が前記第1基板と重なり合う第2基板に配置されるメモリアレイ部で、前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力する、
信号処理方法。
11:画素アレイ部
12:画素制御回路
13:画素信号処理回路
21:メモリアレイ部
22:CIM入力制御回路
23:CIM読み出し回路
33:入出力部
41:スイッチ
56:読み出し配線
73:読み出し配線
81:メタルシールド配線
101:第1基板
102:第2基板
103:第3基板
Claims (20)
- 入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力する画素アレイ部が配置される第1基板と、
前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力するメモリアレイ部が配置される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一部が互いに重なり合う、撮像装置。 - 前記第1方向が前記第2方向と交差する、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1方向が前記第2方向と平行であり、
前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に配置されるメタルシールド配線をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記画素信号および前記畳み込み信号の少なくとも一方がアナログ信号である、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記画素アレイ部を制御する画素制御回路と、
前記画素アレイ部から読み出した前記画素信号を処理する画素信号処理回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部を制御するCIM入力制御回路と、
前記メモリアレイ部から読み出した前記畳み込み信号を処理するCIM読み出し回路と、をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記画素制御回路は、前記第1方向に平行な方向に配置され、
前記画素信号処理回路は、前記第1方向に垂直な方向に配置され、
前記CIM入力制御回路は、前記第2方向に平行な方向に配置され、
前記CIM読み出し回路は、前記第2方向に垂直な方向に配置される、請求項5に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記画素制御回路および前記画素信号処理回路が配置される第3基板をさらに備える、請求項5に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第3基板が前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に配置されるか、または前記第2基板が前記第1基板と前記第3基板との間に配置される、請求項7に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第2基板において、前記画素制御回路と前記CIM読み出し回路とが、前記メモリアレイ部を挟んで互いに対向配置され、かつ、前記画素信号処理回路と前記CIM入力制御回路とが、前記メモリアレイ部を挟んで互いに対向配置される、請求項5に記載の撮像装置。
- 複数の前記メモリアレイ部が、前記第1方向と前記第2方向の少なくとも一方に配列される、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記メモリアレイ部の平面領域が矩形であり、前記第2方向が前記矩形の長辺方向である、請求項2に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記メモリアレイ部の平面領域が矩形であり、前記第2方向が前記矩形の短辺方向である、請求項3に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記画素アレイ部および前記画素信号処理回路が、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の各々の中央部で電気的に接続される、請求項5に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記画素信号を読み出すための第1読み出し配線の幅が、前記畳み込み信号を読み出すための第2読み出し配線の幅と異なり、
前記メタルシールド配線の幅が、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線の中で幅広の読み出し配線の幅と同じかまたは広い、請求項3に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記メタルシールド配線が、多層配線であり、各々のメタルシールド配線の一部が重なり合っている、請求項14に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記メタルシールド配線は、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線の中で幅広の読み出し配線の近くに配置される、請求項14に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記メタルシールド配線は、前記第1読み出し配線および前記第2読み出し配線に垂直である、請求項14に記載の撮像装置。
- 信号を入出力する入出力部と、
前記画素信号処理回路で生成された画像信号の出力先を、前記CIM入力制御回路または前記入出力部に切り替えるスイッチと、をさらに備える、請求項5に記載の撮像装置。 - 入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力する画素アレイ部が配置される第1基板と、前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力するメモリアレイ部が配置される第2基板と、を有し、前記第1基板および前記第2基板の少なくとも一部が互いに重なり合う撮像装置を備える、電子機器。
- 第1基板に配置される画素アレイ部で入射光を光電変換した画素信号を第1方向に出力し、
少なくとも一部が前記第1基板と重なり合う第2基板に配置されるメモリアレイ部で、前記画素信号に基づく入力信号を積和演算した結果を示す畳み込み信号を第2方向に出力する、
信号処理方法。
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