WO2022189671A1 - Batterieüberwachungseinheit - Google Patents
Batterieüberwachungseinheit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022189671A1 WO2022189671A1 PCT/EP2022/056485 EP2022056485W WO2022189671A1 WO 2022189671 A1 WO2022189671 A1 WO 2022189671A1 EP 2022056485 W EP2022056485 W EP 2022056485W WO 2022189671 A1 WO2022189671 A1 WO 2022189671A1
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- battery
- monitoring unit
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- unit
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/10—Measuring sum, difference or ratio
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
- G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
- G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/16576—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/1659—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 to indicate that the value is within or outside a predetermined range of values (window)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3646—Constructional arrangements for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/512—Connection only in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery monitoring unit, in particular for
- a plurality of battery cells organized into battery groups are generally connected in series and/or in parallel with one another in order to form the battery in this way.
- the desired total capacity and total voltage for the respective application of the battery is achieved, for example for specific traction batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles.
- Voltage taps can be located between the battery groups made up of battery cells connected in parallel to one another in order to determine the electrical voltage present at each of these battery groups.
- the determined voltage can, for example, be transmitted to a battery management system, whereby the occurrence of an overvoltage when charging or an undervoltage when discharging the battery cells can be recognized and appropriate measures, e.g. ending the charging process, can be avoided accordingly.
- the battery groups in such batteries are also connected in such a way that a total voltage of several 100 V is provided, with the voltage applied to each battery cell normally being only a few due to the series connection volts.
- the electrical connection of some or all battery cells in If a battery bank fails some or all of the battery voltage would be present at that point in the circuit, which in some cases can be 800V and above. In such a case, this can lead to a short circuit with arcing, which can cause serious damage to the battery or the entire vehicle.
- the failure of battery cells in a battery group can occur successively, and this can be accompanied by a corresponding gradual change in the voltage for the respective battery group.
- a battery monitoring unit having the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous developments result from the dependent claims, the description and the figures.
- a battery monitoring unit comprising an interface which is set up to receive electrical voltages via respective voltage taps for each battery group having at least two battery cells connected in parallel with a battery coupled to the battery monitoring unit and having at least two battery groups.
- an evaluation unit is provided which is set up to compare the received voltages for at least two series-connected battery groups of the battery and to output a signal based on the result of the comparison.
- the battery groups can either be designed as a battery module combined mechanically and electrically as a unit, or be provided as logical units within a battery module or within the battery.
- the battery group is characterized by the fact that it is made up of at least two battery cells connected in parallel and has its own voltage tap - regardless of the mechanical structure and the spatial arrangement in the battery.
- the same number of battery cells is usually provided for each battery group, with the battery cells of the battery group being connected in parallel. If the respective battery cells have the voltage provided for the operating state of the battery in an operating state, a comparison of the voltages of the at least two battery groups will essentially lead to the same voltages—apart from the usual measurement fluctuations. If, however, one or more battery cells within a battery group does not function as intended, the voltage tapped for that battery group will be different from that for a respective other battery group in the battery group pair. In other words, by comparing the voltages tapped at the voltage taps of at least two series-connected battery groups, even small voltage changes that deviate from a normal or expected state can be detected.
- the comparison of the voltages of the individual battery groups tapped off at the voltage taps can be achieved particularly easily by forming the difference between the measured values.
- the difference is essentially zero when the battery is operating as expected in normal operation, and the difference then moves away from zero at a difference in voltages.
- the comparison of the voltages of the battery groups tapped at the voltage taps can also be achieved by forming the quotient of the measured values.
- the quotient is essentially 1 when the battery is operated in normal operation, and the quotient moves away from 1 as the measured voltages diverge.
- a comparison of the measured voltages can also be carried out using other mathematical comparison options.
- membrane-based current interrupt devices can be provided in battery cells, for example, which are activated in the event of excessive gas formation within the battery cell, for example due to aging, errors in production or overload, and an associated pressure build-up in the Battery cell specifically interrupts the current contact.
- Early detection of such an interruption makes it possible to prevent a chain reaction from being triggered due to a correspondingly increased current flow in the remaining battery cells of the respective battery group. The security is thus significantly improved.
- Such a shutdown of one or more battery cells in the battery group can be correspondingly detected by means of the proposed battery monitoring unit.
- the battery monitoring unit allows a battery to be monitored in principle independently of a specific battery configuration. This is because the relative comparison of at least two series-connected battery groups of the battery makes it possible to dispense with a comparison of absolute, individual voltage values with a voltage provided for the respective battery group according to the type and/or configuration.
- Determining the difference value for comparison also makes it possible for the signal to be output independently of the battery power or the corresponding battery groups. Any changes in the battery status over the battery life, for example due to life, charging and discharging times, application-specific loads, operating times, operating conditions and/or environmental conditions can also be taken into account automatically, especially since these do not differ significantly for the respective battery groups of a battery during operation. Accurate monitoring of the battery condition is thus provided, which enables early detection of faults over the entire service life.
- the battery monitoring unit can be designed, for example, as a separate module or as an integrated component in a control and regulation unit of a battery.
- the battery monitoring unit includes an evaluation unit which evaluates the received voltages or measured values and determines or calculates the corresponding comparison for the at least two series-connected battery groups.
- the interface can be in the form of a hardware component, for example in order to enable electrical coupling to the respective voltage taps, and/or at least partially include computer-readable logic in order to transmit corresponding measurement signals or data.
- the comparison and, for example, the determination of the difference value can also be carried out for different battery groups connected in series.
- the differential value can be determined for battery groups that are not directly adjacent to one another and/or for battery groups that are themselves made up of multiple battery groups and together form a battery group.
- the respective difference values can be determined essentially simultaneously or successively, so that a number of difference values can be taken into account in the output signal, or the signal can be output for each individual difference value.
- electrical voltages from battery groups that are not adjacent to one another can be compared with one another and this can be repeated for subsequent or adjacent battery groups, so that the potential presence of a fault in an individual battery group can be inferred from these voltage values.
- a plurality of battery groups arranged next to one another for example two adjacent battery groups, are compared with a corresponding number of battery groups arranged next to one another and which do not match. In this way, for example, conclusions can be drawn regarding the presence of potential faults in a certain range of battery groups.
- a certain safety redundancy can also be provided, with the comparison value, for example the difference value, of each battery group being determined individually with one or more battery groups or with all other battery groups.
- the comparison value for example the difference value
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit is preferably set up to carry out a comparison and, for example, to determine the difference value at least for respectively adjacent battery groups.
- adjacent is to be understood in the direction of the power connections or as a successive arrangement of the corresponding voltage taps in series, so that, for example, an electrical voltage from one battery group with an electrical voltage from another battery group, which is exactly one battery group closer to a power connection, is compared.
- any faults that may be present for individual battery groups can be determined and no configuration data is required in order to assign the tapped voltages to the respective battery groups.
- the signal can be issued for a specific, individual battery group and a very precise monitoring of the battery condition can likewise be provided.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit is further preferably set up to output the signal when a respective difference value exceeds a predefined threshold value.
- the threshold value can be characteristic of a voltage increase, for example, which corresponds to a voltage for one or more battery cells, the battery cell providing standardized power, for example.
- the threshold value can also be selected for a predetermined increase in the ohmic resistance, with the resistance being indicative of the presence of a potential error such as a failure of one or more battery cells.
- the electrical voltage dropping across a battery group can be measured at a specific current flow and the ohmic resistance of this battery group can be inferred from this.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can also be set up to output the signal if a ratio of the difference value to a voltage value of at least one of the battery groups forming the difference value is 0.01:1.0 to 0.25:1.0. preferably 0.05:1.0 to 0.20:1.0.
- the difference value can be determined as a percentage of a voltage tapped from a respective battery group, preferably the lower voltage in each case, and the signal can be output if this is between 1 percent and 25 percent or between 5 percent and 20 percent of the voltage, respectively exceeds this value.
- the signal can be issued when the difference value exceeds about 15 percent.
- the percentage can be specified in such a way that the usual voltage fluctuations for the output of the signal are ignored and there is a sufficient probability of an error or a specific error is even specified as a percentage.
- the percentage can thus be selected in such a way that, if it is exceeded, there is a check or a need for action.
- a further advantage of such an embodiment is that a battery can be monitored in principle independently of a battery configuration. No absolute performance values or threshold values are required, and the battery state can be monitored for each battery type, regardless of the corresponding design of the battery. The percentage can thus serve as a threshold without corresponding to an absolute voltage value. This is also advantageous with regard to possible changes in the battery properties over the service life, especially since it can be assumed that the properties for the respective battery groups change over time in a similar way, for example due to charging cycles and operating conditions. The provided ratio or the percentage can be meaningful for error detection independently of the service life.
- the difference value can be determined both in the idle state and in the loaded state with a known current flow and the corresponding difference values can be compared with one another. In this way, the influence of different states of charge of the battery cells can be calculated and taken into account when the signal is output.
- Such a check can take place continuously or intermittently during regular operation of the battery. Furthermore, any manufacturing errors can also be recorded if this is checked, for example, directly after manufacture in the production plant as an outgoing goods inspection (“end-of-line”). For example, faulty welded joints can be detected in this way for an entire battery group or a part of the battery group, which can be the case, for example, when corresponding connecting webs or busbars are not correctly arranged due to manufacturing errors or manufacturing tolerances and thus all or a large part of the welded joints on a battery group or the battery cells connected in parallel were not carried out correctly. When using the battery, these would possibly fail due to an excessively high contact resistance. Checking the difference values when there is a low current flow therefore has the advantage that such an undesirable and potentially dangerous state can be detected and thus avoided.
- Process requirements for the electrical contacting of the battery cells can also be kept relatively low, especially since errors can be reliably detected afterwards.
- the production can thus be simplified and, if necessary, carried out faster and more cost-effectively.
- the behavior of the respective battery groups or their development over the service life can also vary and fluctuations or fluctuations can also occur depending on the operating state. Furthermore, potential faults in individual battery cells cannot yet lead to the triggering of a current interrupting device. However, the quality of individual battery cells can degrade over the life of the battery, which is reflected in the corresponding voltage.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can be set up to record a profile of the respective comparison value, for example the differential value, and to output the signal if the profile deviates from a predefined profile.
- a profile of the respective comparison value for example the differential value
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can be set up to record a profile of the respective comparison value, for example the differential value, and to output the signal if the profile deviates from a predefined profile.
- the predefined profile can be stored in the battery monitoring unit and taken into account with the recorded profile as part of the comparison and, for example, the determination of the difference value or when the signal is output.
- the specified profile can include an expected profile of the difference value for a specific lifespan, or more complex polynomial profiles can also be provided, which can be determined, for example, by means of statistical evaluation and correlation with the recorded course are compared, the signal can be output if a correlation deviates from a predetermined tolerance range.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit is preferably set up to determine a total resistance for the respective battery group (or plurality of battery groups) based on the respective comparison and, for example, the difference value, the total resistance being characteristic of the operating state of the battery group.
- an ohmic resistance expected for the operating state can be included in the evaluation of the differential value and the output of the signal, with this resistance being able to be higher, for example, during maximum operation or at full load due to a relatively higher temperature. If, for example, the total resistance differs from an intended total resistance during normal operation and this is correspondingly higher, the higher total resistance can be indicative of the presence of a cell failure, so that the signal can be output accordingly.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can have a current-voltage characteristic and be set up to output the signal based on the respective differential value and the current-voltage characteristic.
- the current-voltage characteristic which is based, for example, on empirical values
- a corresponding change in resistance of the respective battery group can be calculated for the respective, specific differential value, which can be indicative of the presence of a specific error.
- a more precise error detection can be carried out using the characteristic curve.
- a characteristic curve can be provided by a central unit such as a server or a central vehicle controller.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can preferably be set up to receive characteristic data of the battery via the interface and to transmit it to a central unit and to receive at least one current-voltage characteristic curve from the central unit in response to the transmitted characteristic data, the battery monitoring unit is set up to output the signal based on the respective difference value and the current-voltage characteristic.
- the battery monitoring unit can have a communication module or be communicatively coupled to a communication module of a control and regulation unit of the battery. Retrieving at least one characteristic curve has the advantage, among other things, that an updated Characteristic can be present and that certain characteristics can be taken into account, so that the characteristic can be specified for each battery.
- the characteristic data can include a battery type, a number of battery cells connected in parallel per battery group, a cell type, a number of battery groups connected in series, an application of the battery, and/or operating data of the battery.
- the characteristic curve can thus be further specified and this can be tailored to the battery, its structure, use and/or development over its service life.
- a total resistance change can be determined very precisely using the comparison and, for example, the differential value and the characteristic curve, so that the early detection of potential errors can be further improved.
- Any threshold values can also be adjusted accordingly and tolerance ranges reduced.
- the characteristic data can also be used to retrieve only characteristic curves that are relevant to the battery.
- the characteristic provided by the central unit can be based on empirical values for actually tapped electrical voltages and/or comparative data and/or actually determined difference values for batteries with comparable characteristic data.
- the battery monitoring unit is preferably set up to transmit the received electrical voltages and/or the respective comparison data and/or the respective difference values to the central unit, the received current-voltage characteristic being based on electrical voltages evaluated by the central unit and/or Comparative data and / or difference values for a variety of batteries based with appropriate characteristics.
- data for a large number of batteries in a corresponding number of vehicles can be collected centrally and evaluated anonymously, with characteristic curves being adapted using the collected data and the corresponding battery conditions.
- the characteristic curve received by the battery monitoring unit thus preferably corresponds to empirical values for batteries with a corresponding battery condition.
- a current flow corresponding to the tapped voltage or a current flow for the comparison can be determined using a current-voltage characteristic curve to be determined.
- a total resistance for the respective battery group can thus be calculated or determined on the basis of the current flow and the difference value, as a result of which more precise conclusions can be drawn with regard to a potentially occurring fault.
- the battery monitoring unit is preferably also set up to receive current flows from respective current sensors for the at least two series-connected battery groups via the interface and to continue to output the signal based on the respective current flow.
- the number of unknown variables can be reduced as a result, and feedback of a current flow expected on the basis of characteristic curves can also be provided, so that the reliability of the output signal can be further improved.
- the evaluation unit of the battery monitoring unit can also be set up to carry out the comparison and, for example, to determine the comparison and, for example, the respective difference value in real time or at predetermined time intervals. In this way, the battery status can be continuously monitored, so that a signal can be issued immediately in the event of a critical error. Due to the fact that the battery safety is improved by the battery monitoring unit and in particular the determination of the respective differential value in such a way that even minor fault indications can be detected, a periodic or intermittent determination of the differential value can also be provided or sufficient.
- the difference value can only be determined during regular operation or during normal operation, with the determination preferably being carried out in a time interval of one minute to one hour, more preferably of 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
- the signal can include a warning, a maintenance signal and/or a control and/or regulation signal for the battery.
- a warning signal is output, which draws the user's attention to the presence of an error, for example by means of a communication module.
- a maintenance signal can also be issued, for example as part of the warning signal, so that it is indicated that there is a need for action and, for example, a specific battery group or a Battery module should be inspected, serviced, or a related battery cell, battery group, battery module, or the entire battery replaced to avoid possible damage to the battery and vehicle.
- a control and/or regulation signal can be output which initiates a protective measure.
- the performance of the battery can be limited so that the maximum current load is limited.
- the battery can also be separated from the consumer via a contactor in order to prevent current flow.
- the battery safety and the functionality of the unaffected components can be significantly improved by the early detection of errors and the output of a corresponding signal. Even if possible chain reactions of membrane-based current interrupting devices described above, for example due to aging or overloading, can be largely avoided through the early detection of potential errors, such a protective measure can still be provided to ensure adequate battery safety in an acute emergency.
- the battery monitoring unit can be suitable for a variety of applications and battery types.
- the battery monitoring unit is preferably set up to monitor a traction battery.
- the battery monitoring unit can thus be designed, for example, as a module for a traction battery of an electric vehicle.
- a traction battery which includes a battery monitoring unit according to the invention.
- the traction battery can, for example, have corresponding battery groups connected in series with respective battery cells connected in parallel, with voltage taps being provided for each battery group, which are communicatively and/or electrically coupled to the interface of the battery monitoring unit.
- Each battery group may further preferably include a plurality of cylindrical battery cells.
- the interface can be present as an independent component of the battery monitoring unit or as part of a control and regulation unit of the traction battery if the monitoring unit is designed accordingly.
- the traction battery can also have contactors to enable separation from the consumer and also includes power connections, which can be designed for a particular application of the battery.
- the traction battery is preferably designed for an electric vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery monitoring unit
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of battery groups connected in series for providing electrical voltages for adjacent battery groups
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 for the alternative provision of voltages for a plurality of battery groups
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 for the alternative provision of voltages for non-adjacent battery groups.
- a battery monitoring unit 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which is optionally designed as a module which can be communicatively connected to a control and regulation unit of a battery.
- the battery monitoring unit 10 includes an interface 12 which is set up to receive voltages 14A, 14B from at least two battery groups 22 of a battery 1 which have battery cells 24 connected in parallel, as indicated schematically by the arrows.
- the voltages 14A, 14B of the respective battery groups 22 are provided, for example, via voltage taps 28A, 28B, . . . , 28E. This is explained again explicitly below with reference to FIGS.
- a first voltage 14A and a second voltage 14B are received via the interface 12 for two battery groups connected in series and, according to the present embodiment, by an evaluation unit 16, the evaluation unit 16 comparing the received voltages 14A, 14B with one another and in the specific manner described here Embodiment determines a difference value from the received voltages 14A, 14B. Alternatively, a quotient could also be formed from the voltages 14A, 14B.
- the electrical voltages 14A, 14B to be compared with one another can each be measured via two conductors, with the battery groups being able to be either adjacent to one another or at a distance from one another.
- one or more additional battery groups can be provided between the battery groups for which an electrical voltage 14A, 14B is measured.
- the voltages 14A, 14B can also be measured successively for a number of battery groups via respective lines.
- the voltages 14A, 14B can each be measured over one battery group or over a plurality of battery groups, so that instead of battery group pairs, several battery groups can also be compared with a corresponding number of different battery groups, as will be shown in the following figures.
- the difference value is then compared with a threshold value, which can be present, for example, as an absolute value or in the form of a percentage.
- the absolute value can include both a negative value and a positive value, so that both overvoltages and undervoltages can be taken into account for the respective battery group.
- the determined or determined differential value can also be present as a percentage of a tapped electrical voltage of a battery group forming the differential value, preferably the lower voltage in each case, with the percentage being compared with the specified percentage, which can thus be regarded as a threshold value.
- a signal 18 can be output via the interface 12 when it is exceeded.
- a specific differential value or a differential value that is greater than a predefined, minimum differential value automatically causes signal 18 to be output, for example via a corresponding circuit.
- the signal 18 comprises a warning signal and optionally a control and/or regulation signal, optionally depending on the magnitude of the particular differential value determined.
- a warning signal can be output if the specific difference value indicates this means that one or more battery cells could fail in the foreseeable future, with a control and/or regulation signal being able to be output in particular when the difference value suggests a potential critical error.
- the signal 18 can initiate a safety measure by restricting the performance of the battery, so that the maximum current load is limited.
- the battery can also be separated from the consumer via a contactor in order to prevent a current flow and, for example, the triggering of a chain reaction when a current interrupting device is activated.
- FIG. 1 also shows an optional communication module 20, which is communicatively and bidirectionally coupled to the evaluation unit 16, as shown by the corresponding arrows.
- the communication module 20 can, for example, enable communication with a central unit 100 and/or a control and regulation device of the battery. Further application-specific signals or data can likewise be transmitted via the communication module 20 . In this way, for example, a maintenance signal can also be transmitted to a maintenance service, with a warning signal being able to be shown on a display, for example.
- the central unit 100 can be a central vehicle controller, for example.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 show a schematic representation of an arrangement of battery groups 22 connected in series for constructing a battery 1, with the load then being connected to the power connections 26.
- the battery groups 22 provide, among other things, electrical voltages 14A, 14B for checking their respective operating status, wherein the voltages 14A, 14B can be received by the battery monitoring unit 10, as shown in FIG. 1, via the interface 12.
- each battery pack 22 further includes a predetermined number (also not limiting in the figures) of battery cells 24 connected in parallel within the respective battery pack 22 .
- the battery module shown here schematically can be designed, for example, to build a traction battery of an electric vehicle and corresponding to the Power terminals 26 are electrically connected or coupled to the respective load.
- a plurality of battery modules are usually provided to construct a battery 1, which are connected, for example, in series or in parallel with one another in order in this way to provide the desired capacity and nominal voltage.
- electrical voltages 14A, 14B are tapped off for adjacent battery groups 22 via corresponding voltage taps 28A, 28B, 28C. Accordingly, the voltage 14A for the battery group 22 at the top in the view is determined via the voltage taps or conductors 28A and 28B and the voltage 14B for the directly adjacent battery group 22 (arranged immediately below in the figure) via the voltage taps 22B and 22C.
- the difference value for the neighboring battery groups 22 determined by the battery monitoring unit 10 enables the signal 18 to be output for a specific, individual battery group 22 and likewise provides a very accurate monitoring of the battery condition. In this way, a potential fault within a specific battery group 22 can be determined based on the difference value and the determination of this value for adjacent battery groups 22 .
- a fault 30 is represented by a symbol in the upper battery group 22 for the battery cell 24, which is arranged in the arrangement on the right-hand side in the figure.
- exceeding a threshold value can indicate a voltage increase in this specific battery group 22, so that, for example, a triggered membrane-based current interruption device for the battery cell 24 enables early detection of this fault 30 and further damage due to a potential chain reaction can be avoided.
- FIG. 3 An alternative determination of the difference value is shown in Figures 3 and 4, wherein in the embodiment according to Figure 3 a tapped electrical voltage 14A for a group of battery groups 22, namely the upper two battery groups 22, with a tapped voltage 14B for a group of the lower two battery groups 22 is compared or provided. Similarly, voltage taps 28A and 28C are used for voltage 14A while voltage taps 28C and 28E are used for voltage 14B.
- the monitoring can be simplified by the plurality of the respective battery groups 22, whereby, for example, conclusions can be drawn regarding the presence of potential faults in a certain area of the battery groups. Such an indication by means of the signal 18 with regard to a range can be used, for example, for batteries with a large number of in series switched battery groups be advantageous. Furthermore, in this way, a required computing capacity can generally also be reduced or an existing computing capacity can be used so that the difference value can be determined and the signal can be output with improved time resolution.
- FIG. 4 A further alternative is shown in FIG. 4, with electrical voltages 14A, 14B being received or provided for battery groups 22 that are not adjacent.
- Such a detection of the voltages 14A, 14B via the voltage taps 24A.24B or 24C.24D can be advantageous, for example, if adjacent battery groups 22 can influence each other under certain operating states and operational fluctuations can therefore be ignored.
- the difference value determined can, under certain circumstances, be more meaningful and a threshold value that may be present can include a smaller operative tolerance range.
- the difference value can also be determined in this way for successive battery groups 22, whereby, according to this exemplary embodiment, first the voltage 14A for the upper battery group 22 is compared with the voltage 14B of the battery group 22 adjacent to it and then, successively, with the battery group 22 arranged below it, etc , is compared so as to provide some security redundancy.
- Such a successive (or parallel) determination of such difference values is shown, for example, by the combination of FIGS.
- the voltage 14A is compared to the voltage for each individual battery group 22, respectively. In this way, voltages can be compared with one another not only for adjacent battery groups 22, but also for pairs of battery groups, the battery groups 22 not being directly adjacent to one another, in order to determine respective difference values.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020237033149A KR102905953B1 (ko) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-14 | 배터리 모니터링 유닛 |
| CN202280020935.9A CN116981950A (zh) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-14 | 电池监测单元 |
| JP2023554027A JP7634710B2 (ja) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-14 | 電池監視ユニット |
| US18/281,506 US20240151777A1 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-14 | Battery-monitoring unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021106060.5 | 2021-03-12 | ||
| DE102021106060.5A DE102021106060A1 (de) | 2021-03-12 | 2021-03-12 | Batterieüberwachungseinheit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022189671A1 true WO2022189671A1 (de) | 2022-09-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2022/056485 Ceased WO2022189671A1 (de) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-03-14 | Batterieüberwachungseinheit |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240151777A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7634710B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102905953B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116981950A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021106060A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022189671A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024159582A1 (zh) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | 异常电池单体的检测方法及装置、计算机存储介质 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022128702B3 (de) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-02-01 | Webasto SE | Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Anteils defekter Batteriezellen, ein Batteriesteuergerät, ein Computerprogramm, ein computerlesbares Speichermedium, eine Batterie und ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102024114576A1 (de) * | 2024-05-24 | 2025-11-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Überprüfen einer elektrischen Anbindung von Batteriezellen in einer Fahrzeugbatterie sowie elektronische Recheneinrichtung |
| DE102024114577A1 (de) * | 2024-05-24 | 2025-11-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Überprüfen einer elektrischen Anbindung von Batteriezellen in einer Fahrzeugbatterie |
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| JP5097365B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-19 | 2012-12-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電池パックおよびその断線検知方法 |
| WO2008096771A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Panasonic Ev Energy Co., Ltd. | 蓄電装置の異常検出装置及び方法 |
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2022
- 2022-03-14 WO PCT/EP2022/056485 patent/WO2022189671A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-14 US US18/281,506 patent/US20240151777A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-14 JP JP2023554027A patent/JP7634710B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7634710B2 (ja) | 2025-02-21 |
| US20240151777A1 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
| KR20230149838A (ko) | 2023-10-27 |
| DE102021106060A1 (de) | 2022-09-15 |
| KR102905953B1 (ko) | 2025-12-29 |
| JP2024509220A (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
| CN116981950A (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
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