WO2022188607A1 - 电池内短路检测方法、电子装置以及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池内短路检测方法、电子装置以及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188607A1
WO2022188607A1 PCT/CN2022/076687 CN2022076687W WO2022188607A1 WO 2022188607 A1 WO2022188607 A1 WO 2022188607A1 CN 2022076687 W CN2022076687 W CN 2022076687W WO 2022188607 A1 WO2022188607 A1 WO 2022188607A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
short circuit
voltage drop
internal short
discharge voltage
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PCT/CN2022/076687
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘博洋
谭晓婕
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东莞新能德科技有限公司
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Priority to EP22766133.7A priority Critical patent/EP4202466A4/en
Publication of WO2022188607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188607A1/zh
Priority to US18/190,230 priority patent/US20230236253A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/386—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables using test-loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery, an electronic device and a storage medium.
  • the safety of the battery system has always been a concern, especially the battery failure caused by the internal short circuit of the battery, fire or even explosion will bring great damage to the user.
  • the internal short circuit of the battery caused by the internal factors of the battery is not obvious in the initial stage, but it may become more serious over time when the battery continues to be used normally or under extreme conditions. Therefore, when using portable electronic products, the internal short circuit of the battery needs to be detected as soon as possible and dealt with in time, which is extremely important to ensure the safety of users and equipment.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery.
  • the method further comprises: calculating a first ratio dV Ratio between the second discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 2 and the first discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 1 and the second current I 2 and the second ratio dI Ratio between the first current I 1 ; if the absolute value of the difference between the first ratio dV Ratio and the second ratio dI Ratio is greater than a preset value, output the battery Indicates that there is an internal short circuit.
  • the method further includes: if the battery has an internal short circuit phenomenon, calculating the magnitude of the internal short circuit resistance in the battery.
  • the calculating the magnitude of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery includes: establishing an equivalent circuit model of the battery, and determining a first voltage of the battery in the equivalent circuit model V′ 1 ; calculate the second voltage V′ 2 of the internal short-circuit resistance in the equivalent circuit model; obtain a discharge voltage drop equation based on the first voltage V′ 1 and the second voltage V′ 2 ; The magnitude of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery is calculated according to the discharge voltage drop equation.
  • the first voltage V′ 1 is determined by the following formula:
  • V′ 1 U oc -(I+I ISC ) ⁇ r, where U oc is the open-circuit voltage of the battery, r is the internal resistance of the battery, and I ISC is the current flowing through the internal short-circuit resistance, I is the current flowing through the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the second voltage V′ 2 is determined by the following formula:
  • V′ 2 I ISC ⁇ R ISC , where R ISC is the size of the internal short-circuit resistance.
  • the discharge voltage drop equation is determined by the following formula:
  • the calculating the magnitude of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery according to the discharge voltage drop equation includes:
  • the first discharge voltage drop is obtained based on the discharge voltage drop equation
  • the second discharge voltage drop is obtained based on the discharge voltage drop equation
  • the first ratio is calculated according to the first discharge voltage drop and the second discharge voltage drop And according to the first ratio, the size of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery is obtained as
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes: a battery; and a processor for executing the above-described method for detecting a short circuit in a battery.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium on which at least one computer instruction is stored, where the computer instruction is loaded by a processor and used to execute the above-mentioned method for detecting a short circuit in a battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application can determine whether the battery has an internal short circuit phenomenon by calculating the voltage drop ratio of the battery under different discharge currents, and calculate the internal short circuit resistance value when it is determined that the battery has an internal short circuit phenomenon. It can not only accurately determine whether the battery has an internal short circuit, but also accurately calculate the size of the short circuit resistance value. Therefore, the internal short circuit phenomenon of the battery can be detected as early as possible, and the safety of the electronic device and the user can be guaranteed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 shows the battery equivalent circuit model used when the battery has an internal short circuit.
  • Figure 4 shows the battery equivalent circuit model used when there is no internal short circuit in the battery.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of the detection result of the short circuit resistance in the battery according to the method for detecting the short circuit in the battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 includes, but is not limited to, a memory 11 , at least one processor 12 , a battery 13 , a collection device 14 , and a timer 15 , and the above components can be connected through a bus or directly.
  • FIG. 1 only illustrates the electronic device 100 by way of example. In other embodiments, the electronic device 100 may also include more or fewer elements, or have different configurations of elements.
  • the electronic device 100 can be an electric motorcycle, an electric bicycle, an electric vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a digital assistant, a personal computer, or any other suitable rechargeable device.
  • the battery 13 is a rechargeable battery for providing power to the electronic device 100 .
  • the battery 13 can be a lead-acid battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or the like.
  • the battery 13 is logically connected to the processor 12 through a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), so that functions such as charging and discharging are implemented through the battery management system.
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • the battery management system can communicate with an energy storage inverter (Power Conversion System, PCS) through CAN or RS485.
  • the battery 13 includes a battery cell (not shown in the figure), and the battery can be repeatedly charged in a recyclable and rechargeable manner.
  • the collecting device 14 is used to collect the voltage of the battery 13 and the charging current of the battery 13 .
  • the collecting device 14 is configured to collect the voltage of the cells of the battery 13 and the charging current of the cells of the battery 13 .
  • the acquisition device 14 is an analog-to-digital converter. It can be understood that the collection device 14 may also be other voltage collection devices and current collection devices.
  • the timer 15 is used to record the charging time of the cells of the battery 13 during the charging process.
  • the electronic device 100 may also include other devices, such as a pressure sensor, a light sensor, a gyroscope, a hygrometer, an infrared sensor, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery is applied to a battery.
  • the method for detecting short circuit in the battery includes the following steps:
  • Step S20 Collect the terminal voltage and current of the battery in real time with dt as the sampling interval.
  • the terminal voltage and current of the battery are collected in real time by the collecting device 14 with dt as the sampling interval. It should be noted that, when the battery is in a stationary state, the terminal voltage V 0 of the battery is first collected by the collecting device 14 . At this time, the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery can be used as the terminal voltage of the battery.
  • Step S21 at time t 1 , the battery is discharged through the first current I 1 .
  • the battery is pulse-discharged with the first current I 1 using a load at the time t 1 . It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the battery may also be discharged at a constant current with the first current I 1 .
  • the first discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 1 of the battery at time t 1 +dt can be calculated. Specifically, the terminal voltage V 1 of the battery at time t 1 +dt is collected by the collecting device 14 , and then according to the terminal voltage V 0 of the battery when the battery is in a resting state, the terminal voltage V 0 of the battery at time t 1 +dt is obtained.
  • the first discharge voltage drop at time ⁇ V 1 V 0 ⁇ V 1 .
  • Step S23 Discharge the battery through the second current I 2 at time t 2 , where I 1 ⁇ I 2 .
  • a load is used to pulse discharge the battery with the second current I 2 at the time t 2 .
  • the second discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 2 of the battery at time t 2 +dt can be calculated. Specifically, the terminal voltage V 2 of the battery at time t 2 +dt is collected by the collecting device 14 , and then according to the terminal voltage V 0 of the battery in a resting state, the terminal voltage V 0 of the battery at time t 2 +dt is obtained.
  • the second discharge voltage drop at time ⁇ V 2 V 0 ⁇ V 2 .
  • Step S25 Determine whether the battery has an internal short circuit phenomenon according to the first current I 1 , the first discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 1 , the second current I 2 and the second discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 2 . If the battery has an internal short circuit, the process goes to step S26; if the battery does not have an internal short circuit, the process goes to step S27.
  • a first ratio dV Ratio between the second discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 2 and the first discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 1 and the second current I 2 and the first current I 1 are calculated
  • the second ratio dI Ratio between the two, and according to the magnitude of the first ratio dV Ratio and the second ratio dI Ratio it is determined whether the battery has an internal short circuit phenomenon.
  • step S26 if the absolute value of the difference between the first ratio dV Ratio and the second ratio dI Ratio is greater than a preset value, it is determined that the battery has an internal short-circuit phenomenon, and the process goes to step S26 to calculate the battery the size of the internal short- circuit resistance in If there is no internal short circuit, the process proceeds to step S27, and a prompt message indicating that the battery is in a normal state is output.
  • the preset value may be 5% of the second ratio (0.05 ⁇ dI Ratio ).
  • a threshold value eg, 5%
  • the magnitude of the internal short circuit resistance in the battery is calculated.
  • the method for calculating the size of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery includes:
  • the battery equivalent circuit model may be a Rint model, a Thevenin model, a PNGV model, a second-order RC model, or the like.
  • the battery equivalent circuit model is a Rint model.
  • the Rint model can simulate the voltage response of a battery with an internal short circuit under discharge conditions. Please refer to FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 3 is a battery equivalent circuit model used in calculating the size of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery. In FIG.
  • R ISC is the internal short-circuit resistance
  • U oc is the battery open-circuit voltage
  • r is the internal resistance of the battery
  • I ISC is the current flowing through the internal short-circuit resistance
  • I is the internal short-circuit resistance flowing through the battery. resistance r current.
  • V' 1 U oc -(I+I ISC ) ⁇ r (1)
  • V′ 2 I ISC ⁇ R ISC (2)
  • the first discharge voltage drop ⁇ V 1 of the battery at time t 1 +dt is calculated according to the discharge voltage drop equation
  • the second discharge voltage drop ⁇ V of the battery at time t 2 +dt is calculated 2.
  • calculating the size of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery according to the discharge voltage drop equation includes: obtaining a first discharge voltage drop based on the discharge voltage drop equation The second discharge voltage drop is obtained based on the discharge voltage drop equation The first ratio is calculated according to the first discharge voltage drop and the second discharge voltage drop And according to the first ratio, the size of the internal short-circuit resistance in the battery is obtained as
  • the battery is a standard battery, that is, a battery that does not have an internal short circuit phenomenon.
  • U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery
  • r is the internal resistance of the battery
  • I is the current flowing through the internal resistance r of the battery.
  • V U oc ⁇ I ⁇ r
  • U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery
  • r is the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the sample battery to be tested is a ternary lithium soft pack battery with a rated capacity of 4Ah.
  • fixed-value resistors with resistance values of 75 ⁇ , 150 ⁇ , 225 ⁇ , and 750 ⁇ are respectively connected in parallel with three sample batteries to be tested to simulate an internal short-circuit condition of the battery, and the internal short-circuit detection method of the present application is used to estimate the internal short-circuit condition of the battery.
  • the size of the short-circuit resistance Specifically include the following steps:
  • the battery terminal voltage and current data are acquired and recorded in real time at a sampling interval of 1s.
  • the terminal voltage of the battery can be used as the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery.
  • dV Ratio is equal to the ratio of the two discharge currents I 2 /I 1 , the battery does not have an internal short circuit; if the dV Ratio is not equal to the ratio of the two discharge currents I 2 /I 1 , the battery has an internal short circuit. Obviously, in this embodiment, dV Ratio is not equal to the ratio I 2 /I 1 of the two discharge currents.
  • steps (1) to (6) describe a constant-value resistor connected in parallel with a sample battery to be tested to simulate an internal short circuit situation in the battery.
  • the detection result of the short circuit in the battery is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the resistance value of the internal short-circuit resistance calculated by the method for detecting short-circuit in a battery provided by the present application is subtracted from the fixed-value resistance to obtain a The difference value, the detection error can be calculated by dividing the difference value by the fixed value resistance. As shown in FIG.
  • the calculated detection errors are approximately 1%, 1.49% and 2.49%, respectively.
  • the three sample batteries to be tested are connected in parallel with 150 ⁇ fixed-value resistors to simulate the detection error of the battery when an internal short circuit occurs.
  • the detection error when the internal short circuit condition occurs, and the three sample batteries to be tested are respectively connected in parallel with 750 ⁇ fixed-value resistors to simulate the detection error when the internal short circuit condition occurs in the battery. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the memory 11 may be an internal memory of an electronic device, that is, a memory built in the electronic device. In other embodiments, the memory 11 may also be an external memory of the electronic device, that is, a memory externally connected to the electronic device.
  • the memory 11 is used for storing program codes and various data, and realizes high-speed and automatic access to programs or data during the operation of the electronic device.
  • the memory 11 may include random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, internal memory, plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), Secure Digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , a flash card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
  • non-volatile memory such as hard disk, internal memory, plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), Secure Digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , a flash card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
  • the processor 12 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processors, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processors
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any other conventional processor or the like.
  • the program codes and various data in the memory 11 can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the present application implements all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments, such as implementing the steps in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery, which can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can store In a computer-readable storage medium, when the computer program is executed by the processor 12, the steps of the above-mentioned various method embodiments can be implemented.
  • the computer program includes computer program code
  • the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, and the like.
  • the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, removable hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) Wait.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in the same processing unit, or each module may exist physically alone, or two or more modules may be integrated in the same unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, or can be implemented in the form of hardware plus software function modules.

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Abstract

一种电池（13）内短路检测方法、电子装置（100）以及存储介质。方法包括：在t1时刻通过第一电流I1对电池（13）放电（S21）；计算电池（13）在t1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV1（S22）；在t2时刻通过第二电流I2对电池（13）放电，其中，I1≠I2（S23）；计算电池（13）在t2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV2（S24）；根据第一电流I1、第一放电压降ΔV1、第二电流I2和第二放电压降ΔV2确定电池（13）是否存在内短路现象（S25）。可以准确地确定电池（13）是否出现内短路现象，可以保障电子装置（100）和用户安全。

Description

电池内短路检测方法、电子装置以及存储介质 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池内短路检测方法、电子装置和存储介质。
背景技术
电池系统的安全问题一直备受关注，特别是由于电池内部短路而引起的电池故障，起火甚至爆炸都会给用户带来极大的损伤。锂离子电池内部短路的产生原因包括多种，其中包括隔膜损坏、电池制造过程中引入杂质颗粒、电极材料的溶解和沉积、电极析锂形成枝晶等。由于电池内部因素所引起的电池内部短路在初期现象不显著，但在电池继续正常使用或极端状况下，可能随着时间的推移而愈发严重。因此，在使用便携式电子产品时，电池的内部短路需要尽早发现并及时处理，这对于保障用户与设备的安全极为重要。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电池内短路检测方法、电子装置和存储介质，可以准确地确定电池是否出现内短路现象。
本申请一实施方式提供了一种电池内短路检测方法，所述方法包括：在t 1时刻通过第一电流I 1对电池放电；计算所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1，其中，ΔV 1＝V 0-V 1，V 0为所述电池在静置状态下的端电压，V 1为所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的端电压；在t 2时刻通过第二电流I 2对所述电池放电，其中，I 1≠I 2；计算所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2，其中，ΔV 2＝V 0-V 2，V 2为所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的端电压；根据所述第一电流I 1、第一放电压降ΔV 1、第二电流I 2和第二放电压降ΔV 2确定所述电池是否存在内短路现象。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述方法还包括：计算所述第二放电压降ΔV 2与所述第一放电压降ΔV 1之间的第一比值dV Ratio和所述第二电流I 2与所述第一电 流I 1之间的第二比值dI Ratio；若所述第一比值dV Ratio与所述第二比值dI Ratio之间的差值的绝对值大于预设值，输出所述电池存在内短路现象的提示信息。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述方法还包括：若所述电池存在内短路现象，计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小包括：建立所述电池的等效电路模型，并确定所述等效电路模型中的所述电池的第一电压V′ 1；计算所述等效电路模型中的所述内短路电阻的第二电压V′ 2；基于所述第一电压V′ 1和所述第二电压V′ 2得到放电压降方程；根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，通过以下公式确定所述第一电压V′ 1：
V′ 1＝U oc-(I+I ISC)×r，其中，U oc为所述电池的开路电压，r为所述电池的内阻，I ISC为流经所述内短路电阻的电流，I为流经所述电池的内阻的电流。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，通过以下公式确定所述第二电压V′ 2：
V′ 2＝I ISC×R ISC，其中，R ISC为所述内短路电阻的大小。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，通过以下公式确定所述放电压降方程：
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000001
其中，ΔV＝U oc-V′ 1，V′ 1＝V′ 2。
根据本申请的一些实施方式，所述根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小包括：
基于所述放电压降方程得到第一放电压降
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000002
基于所述放电压降方程得到第二放电压降
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000003
根据所述第一放电压降和所述第二放电压降计算得到第一比值
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000005
并根据所述第一比值得到所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小为
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000007
本申请一实施方式提供了一种电子装置，所述电子装置包括：电池；以及处理器，用于执行如上所述的电池内短路检测方法。
本申请一实施方式提供了一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，所述计算机指令由处理器加载并用于执行如上所述的电池内短路检测方法。
本申请的实施方式可以通过计算电池在不同放电电流下的压降比值，判断所述电池是否存在内部短路现象，并在确定电池出现内部短路现象时计算内短路电阻值。不仅可以准确地确定电池是否出现内部短路现象，还能准确地计算短路电阻值的大小。从而尽早发现电池的内部短路现象，保障电子装置与用户的安全。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请一实施方式的电子装置的示意图。
图2为本申请一实施例的电池内短路检测方法的流程图。
图3为电池存在内短路时采用的电池等效电路模型。
图4为电池不存在内短路时采用的电池等效电路模型。
图5为根据本申请一实施方式的电池内短路检测方法计算电池内短路电阻检测结果示意图。
主要元件符号说明
电子装置          100
存储器            11
处理器            12
电池              13
采集装置          14
计时器            15
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步详细说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进 行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一实施例的电子装置的示意图。所述电子装置100包括，但不仅限于，存储器11、至少一个处理器12、电池13、采集装置14、以及计时器15，上述元件之间可以通过总线连接，也可以直接连接。
需要说明的是，图1仅为举例说明电子装置100。在其他实施例中，电子装置100也可以包括更多或者更少的元件，或者具有不同的元件配置。所述电子装置100可以为电动摩托、电动单车、电动汽车、手机、平板电脑、个数数字助理、个人电脑，或者任何其他适合的可充电式设备。
在一个实施例中，所述电池13为可充电电池，用于给所述电子装置100提供电能。例如，所述电池13可以是铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池及磷酸铁锂电池等。所述电池13通过电池管理系统(Battery Management System，BMS)与所述处理器12逻辑相连，从而通过所述电池管理系统实现充电、以及放电等功能。所述电池管理系统可通过CAN或RS485与储能逆变器(Power Conversion System，PCS)通讯连接。所述电池13包括电芯(图中未示出)，所述电池可以采用可循环再充电的方式反复充电。
在本实施例中，所述采集装置14用于采集电池13的电压及电池13的充电电流。在本实施例中，所述采集装置14用于采集所述电池13的电芯的电压及所述电池13的电芯的充电电流。在本实施例中，所述采集装置14为模数转换器。可以理解的是，所述采集装置14还可为其他电压采集装置及电流采集装置。所述计时器15用于记录所述电池13的电芯在充电过程中的充电时间。可以理解的是，所述电子装置100还可以包括其他装置，例如压力传感器、光线传感器、陀螺仪、湿度计、红外线传感器等。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请一实施例的电池内短路检测方法的流程图。所述电池内短路检测方法应用于电池上。所述电池内短路检测方法包括下列步骤：
步骤S20：以dt为采样间隔实时采集电池的端电压和电流。
在本实施方式中，在电池工作过程(例如，充电或者放电过程)中，通过所述采集装置14以dt为采样间隔实时采集所述电池的端电压和电流。需要说明的是，在所述电池处于静置状态下，先通过所述采集装置14采集所述电池的端电 压V 0。此时，所述电池的开路电压OCV可以作为所述电池的端电压。
步骤S21：在t 1时刻通过第一电流I 1对所述电池放电。
在本实施方式中，为了确定所述电池在工作过程中是否存在内短路现象，需要计算所述电池在不同放电电流下的压降比值，并根据所述压降比值判断所述电池是否存在内部短路现象，若确定所述电池存在内部短路现象，则计算内短路电阻值。
在一实施方式中，在所述t 1时刻使用负载以所述第一电流I 1对所述电池进行脉冲放电。需要说明的是，在其他实施方式中，还可以以所述第一电流I 1对所述电池进行恒流放电。
步骤S22：计算所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1，其中，ΔV 1＝V 0-V 1，V 0为所述电池处于静置状态下的端电压，V 1为所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的端电压。
在本实施方式中，通过以所述第一电流I 1对所述电池进行脉冲放电后，可以计算所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1。具体地，通过所述采集装置14采集所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的端电压V 1，再根据所述电池处于静置状态下的端电压V 0，得到所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1＝V 0-V 1。
步骤S23：在t 2时刻通过第二电流I 2对所述电池放电，其中，I 1≠I 2。
在本实施方式中，为了保持所述电池的放电深度(Depth of discharge，DOD)不变，在所述t 2时刻使用负载以所述第二电流I 2对所述电池进行脉冲放电。
步骤S24：计算所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2，其中，ΔV 2＝V 0-V 2，V 2为所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的端电压。
在本实施方式中，通过以所述第二电流I 2对所述电池进行脉冲放电后，可以计算所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2。具体地，通过所述采集装置14采集所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的端电压V 2，再根据所述电池在静置状态下的端电压V 0，得到所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2＝V 0-V 2。
步骤S25：根据所述第一电流I 1、第一放电压降ΔV 1、第二电流I 2和第二放电压降ΔV 2确定所述电池是否存在内短路现象。若所述电池存在内短路现象，流程进入步骤S26；若所述电池不存在内短路现象，流程进入步骤S27。
在本实施方式中，计算所述第二放电压降ΔV 2与所述第一放电压降ΔV 1之间 的第一比值dV Ratio和所述第二电流I 2与所述第一电流I 1之间的第二比值dI Ratio，并根据所述第一比值dV Ratio和第二比值dI Ratio的大小，确定所述电池是否存在内短路现象。
具体地，若所述第一比值dV Ratio与所述第二比值dI Ratio之间的差值的绝对值大于预设值，确定所述电池存在内短路现象，流程进入步骤S26，计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小，并输出所述电池存在内短路现象的提示信息和所述内短路电阻的大小；若所述第一比值dV Ratio等于所述第二比值dI Ratio，确定所述电池不存在内短路现象，流程进入步骤S27，输出电池处于正常状态的提示信息。
需要说明的是，在理想情况下，若所述第一比值dV Ratio不等于所述第二比值dI Ratio，确定所述电池存在内短路现象。然而，由于存在采样误差，在所述第一比值dV Ratio与所述第二比值dI Ratio之间的差值的绝对值大于所述预设值时，可以确定所述电池存在内短路现象。其中，所述预设值可以是所述第二比值的5％(0.05×dI Ratio)。
在另一实施方式中，若
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000008
大于一阈值(如5％)时，可以确定所述电池存在内短路现象。
在本实施方式中，若确定所述电池存在内短路现象，计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。具体地，计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小的方法包括：
(a)建立所述电池的等效电路模型。在本实施方式中，所述电池等效电路模型可为Rint模型，Thevenin模型，PNGV模型，2阶RC模型等。在本实施例中，所述电池等效电路模型为Rint模型。所述Rint模型可以模拟发生内短路的电池在放电工况下的电压响应。请参考图3，图3为计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小时采用的电池等效电路模型。在图3中，R ISC为所述内短路电阻，U oc为电池开路电压，r为电池的内阻，I ISC为流经所述内短路电阻的电流，I为流经所述电池的内阻r的电流。
(b)计算所述等效电路模型中的所述电池的第一电压V′ 1。在本实施方式中，在所述电池处于放电状态时，根据欧姆定律和基尔霍夫定律，计算所述等效电路模型中的所述电池的端电压(即第一电压V′ 1)。由于所述电池的内阻和所述内短路电阻串联，根据所述欧姆定律可知：U 0＝(I+I ISC)×r。其中，U 0为电池的内 阻两端的电压，I为流经所述电池的内阻r的电流，I ISC为流经所述内短路电阻的电流，r为所述电池的内阻。所述基尔霍夫定律包括：
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000009
其中，m是所述电池等效电路模型中的闭合回路的元件数目，v k为元件两端的电压。由此可知，U oc＝V′ 1+U 0，从而通过公式(1)可以确定所述第一电压V′ 1：
V′ 1＝U oc-(I+I ISC)×r      (1)
(c)计算所述等效电路模型中的所述内短路电阻的第二电压V′ 2。在本实施方式中，根据欧姆定律可知，所述等效电路模型中的所述内短路电阻的第二电压V′ 2可以通过公式(2)确定。
V′ 2＝I ISC×R ISC         (2)
(d)基于所述第一电压V′ 1和所述第二电压V′ 2得到放电压降方程。由于内短路电阻两端分压与所述电池的第一电压相同，即V′ 1＝V′ 2，并且所述放电压降ΔV＝U oc-V′ 1，或者ΔV＝U oc-V′ 2。因此，通过上述公式(1)和公式(2)以及放电压降ΔV＝U oc-V′ 1，可以确定所述放电压降方程为公式(3)为：
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000010
(e)根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。
在本实施方式中，根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1，以及计算所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2，根据所述第一放电压降和所述第二放电压降计算得到第一比值，
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000011
并重新整理第一比值的公式可以得到所述内短路电阻的大小为R ISC。
具体地，根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小包括：基于所述放电压降方程得到第一放电压降
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000012
基于所述放电压降方程得到第二放电压降
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000013
根据所述第一放电压降和所述第二放电压降计算得到第一比值
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000014
并根 据所述第一比值得到所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小为
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000015
需要说明的是，对于没有出现内短路现象的电池，可以建立另一电池等效电路模型。例如，参考图4所示的另一Rint模型模拟电池放电工况下的电压响应。此时，所述电池为标准电池，即为不存在内短路现象的电池。在图4中，U oc为电池开路电压，r为电池的内阻，I为流经所述电池的内阻r的电流。在所述电池处于放电状态时，所述电池的端电压V＝U oc-I×r，其中U oc为电池的开路电压，r为电池的内阻。分别将U 0，V 1，I 1代入所述端电压对应的公式V 1＝U 0-I 1×r，可得所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1＝U 0-V 1＝I 1×r；由于所述电池在t 2时刻的放电深度(DOD)不变，因此t 2时刻电池的端电压与t1时刻相同，均等于U 0。同理将V 2和I 2代入所述端电压对应的公式V 2＝U 0-I 2×r，可得t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2＝U 0-V 2＝I 2×r；从而得到所述第一放电压降与所述第二放电压降的第一比值
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000016
即所述第一比值等于所述第二比值。由此验证了在所述第一比值等于所述第二比值的情况下，确定所述电池没有出现内短路现象。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例对本发明的电池内短路检测方法进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本实施例中，按照图2所示的流程，根据实时获取的电池恒流充电过程中的端电压变化，对电池是否发生内短路及内短路电阻大小进行检测。此实施例中待测样品电池为三元锂软包电池，额定容量为4Ah。在此实施例中，将阻值为75Ω、150Ω、225Ω和750Ω的定值电阻分别与三个待测样品电池并联模拟电池发生内短路状况，并通过本申请的电池内短路检测方法估算出内短路电阻的大小。具体包括如下步骤：
(1)在电池工作过程中，以1s为采样间隔实时获取并记录电池端电压和电流数据。
(2)保持电池在静置状态下记录所述电池的端电压V 0，此时所述电池的端电压可以作为电池的开路电压OCV。
(3)在第10s使用负载以I 1为2A电流对所述电池进行2s脉冲放电，记录所述电池的第一放电压降ΔV 1＝V 0-V 1，其中V 1为第11s电池的端电压。
(4)保持电池放电深度不变，在第70s时刻使用负载以I 2为4A电流对电池进行2s脉冲放电，记录电池放电压降ΔV 2＝V 0-V 2，其中V 2为第71s电池的端电压。
(5)计算两次放电压降比值
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000017
如果dV Ratio与两次放电电流比值I 2/I 1相等，则电池不存在内短路；如果dV Ratio与两次放电电流比值I 2/I 1不相等，则电池存在内短路现象。很明显，在本实施例中dV Ratio与两次放电电流比值I 2/I 1不相等。
(6)若判定电池存在内短路现象，则计算所述电池的内短路电阻
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-000019
需要说明的是，上述步骤(1)至步骤(6)描述了一个定值电阻与一个待测样品电池并联模拟电池发生内短路状况。按照本实施例中所描述方法，电池内短路检测结果如图5所示。三个待测样品电池分别并联75Ω的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时，通过本申请提供的电池内短路检测方法计算得到的内短路电阻的电阻值减去所述定值电阻，得到一差值，将所述差值除以所述定值电阻可以计算得到检测误差。如图5中所示，所述三个待测样品电池分别并联75Ω的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时，计算的检测误差大概分别为1％、1.49％和2.49％。同理，可以计算得到所述三个待测样品电池分别并联150Ω的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时的检测误差，所述三个待测样品电池分别并联225Ω的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时的检测误差，以及所述三个待测样品电池分别并联750Ω的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时的检测误差。由图5可知，所述三个待测样品电池分别与不同的定值电阻模拟电池发生内短路状况时计算的电阻值与所述定值电阻的阻值相差不大，验证了本申请提供的电池内短路检测方法计算电池存在内短路现象时，计算的内短路电阻的准确性较高。
请继续参阅图1，本实施例中，所述存储器11可以是电子装置的内部存储器，即内置于所述电子装置的存储器。在其他实施例中，所述存储器11也可以 是电子装置的外部存储器，即外接于所述电子装置的存储器。
在一些实施例中，所述存储器11用于存储程序代码和各种数据，并在电子装置的运行过程中实现高速、自动地完成程序或数据的存取。
所述存储器11可以包括随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如硬盘、内存、插接式硬盘、智能存储卡(Smart Media Card，SMC)、安全数字(Secure Digital，SD)卡、闪存卡(Flash Card)、至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。
在一实施例中，所述处理器12可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者所述处理器也可以是其它任何常规的处理器等。
所述存储器11中的程序代码和各种数据如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，例如实现电池内短路检测方法中的步骤，也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于在计算机可读存储介质中，所述计算机程序在被处理器12执行时，可实现上述各个方法实施例的步骤。其中，所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，所述计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。所述计算机可读介质可以包括：能够携带所述计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)等。
可以理解的是，以上所描述的模块划分，为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在相同处理单元中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在相同单元中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能模块的形式实现。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管 参照较佳实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在t 1时刻通过第一电流I 1对电池放电；
    计算所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的第一放电压降ΔV 1，其中，ΔV 1＝V 0-V 1，V 0为所述电池在静置状态下的端电压，V 1为所述电池在t 1+dt时刻的端电压；
    在t 2时刻通过第二电流I 2对所述电池放电，其中，I 1≠I 2；
    计算所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的第二放电压降ΔV 2，其中，ΔV 2＝V 0-V 2，V 2为所述电池在t 2+dt时刻的端电压；
    根据所述第一电流I 1、第一放电压降ΔV 1、第二电流I 2和第二放电压降ΔV 2确定所述电池是否存在内短路现象。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    计算所述第二放电压降ΔV 2与所述第一放电压降ΔV 1之间的第一比值dV Ratio和所述第二电流I 2与所述第一电流I 1之间的第二比值dI Ratio；
    若所述第一比值dV Ratio与所述第二比值dI Ratio之间的差值的绝对值大于预设值，输出所述电池存在内短路现象的提示信息。
  3. 如权利要求1至2中任意一项所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述电池存在内短路现象，计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，所述计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小包括：
    建立所述电池的等效电路模型，并确定所述等效电路模型中的所述电池的第一电压V′ 1；
    计算所述等效电路模型中的所述内短路电阻的第二电压V′ 2；
    基于所述第一电压V′ 1和所述第二电压V′ 2得到放电压降方程；
    根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，通过以下公式确定所述第一电压V′ 1：
    V′ 1＝U oc-(I+I ISC)×r，其中，U oc为所述电池的开路电压，r为所述电池的内阻，I ISC为流经所述内短路电阻的电流，I为流经所述电池的内阻的电流。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，通过以下公式确定所述第二电压V′ 2：
    V′ 2＝I ISC×R ISC，其中，R ISC为所述内短路电阻的大小。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，通过以下公式确定所述放电压降方程：
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100001
    其中，ΔV＝U oc-V′ 1，V′ 1＝V′ 2。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池内短路检测方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述放电压降方程计算所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小包括：
    基于所述放电压降方程得到第一放电压降
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100003
    基于所述放电压降方程得到第二放电压降
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100005
    根据所述第一放电压降和所述第二放电压降计算得到第一比值
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100006
    并根据所述第一比值得到所述电池中的内短路电阻的大小为
    Figure PCTCN2022076687-appb-100007
  9. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，所述电子装置包括：
    电池；以及
    处理器，用于执行如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的电池内短 路检测方法。
  10. 一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，其特征在于，所述指令由处理器加载并用于执行如权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的电池内短路检测方法。
PCT/CN2022/076687 2021-03-10 2022-02-17 电池内短路检测方法、电子装置以及存储介质 WO2022188607A1 (zh)

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