WO2022126390A1 - 电池内短路侦测方法、电子装置和存储介质 - Google Patents

电池内短路侦测方法、电子装置和存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022126390A1
WO2022126390A1 PCT/CN2020/136585 CN2020136585W WO2022126390A1 WO 2022126390 A1 WO2022126390 A1 WO 2022126390A1 CN 2020136585 W CN2020136585 W CN 2020136585W WO 2022126390 A1 WO2022126390 A1 WO 2022126390A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
charging
standard
voltage
equation
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PCT/CN2020/136585
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘博洋
王志锋
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东莞新能德科技有限公司
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Application filed by 东莞新能德科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能德科技有限公司
Priority to EP20965408.6A priority Critical patent/EP4261554A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/136585 priority patent/WO2022126390A1/zh
Priority to CN202080028351.7A priority patent/CN113711070A/zh
Publication of WO2022126390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022126390A1/zh
Priority to US18/334,696 priority patent/US20230324473A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a method for detecting short circuit in a battery, an electronic device and a storage medium.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery, the method comprising:
  • Whether the battery has an internal short circuit is determined according to the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery.
  • the acquiring the voltage difference ⁇ V generated by the battery during the charging time period ⁇ t during the constant current charging includes:
  • the obtaining of the charging current I when the battery is charged for the time period ⁇ t includes:
  • the obtaining standard parameters of battery charging include:
  • the method before the acquiring the standard parameters of battery charging obtained through the battery equivalent circuit model, the method further includes:
  • the method before the acquiring the first standard voltage difference equation including the battery standard parameter equation obtained by the battery equivalent circuit model, the method further includes:
  • the first standard voltage difference equation is determined according to the second standard voltage difference equation.
  • the standard equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes:
  • V standard is the standard voltage of the battery
  • U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery
  • U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the battery polarized capacitor in the static state
  • t is the battery charging time
  • R s is the battery polarization internal resistance
  • C s is the polarized capacitance of the battery
  • I standard is the standard charging current of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
  • the standard parameters for battery charging include a first standard parameter for battery charging and a second standard parameter for battery charging
  • the first standard voltage difference equation includes:
  • ⁇ V standard ⁇ I standard - ⁇
  • t 2 t 1 + ⁇ t
  • ⁇ V standard is the standard voltage difference generated by charging the battery for the time period ⁇ t
  • I standard is the standard charging current during the charging time period ⁇ t
  • ⁇ is the battery charging
  • U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a resting state.
  • the determining of the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery according to the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I includes:
  • the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery is determined according to the voltage difference equation, standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I.
  • the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes:
  • V is the voltage of the battery
  • I is the charging current when the battery is charged for the time period ⁇ t
  • R s is the battery polarization internal resistance
  • R 0 is the battery ohmic internal resistance
  • U 0c is the battery open circuit voltage
  • U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a static state
  • V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery.
  • the first equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of capacitance and the definition formula of current includes:
  • the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model is determined according to the definition formula of the capacitance, the definition formula of the current, and the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the determining the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of the capacitance, the definition formula of the current, and the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes:
  • the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model is determined according to the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model and the general solution of the voltage division of the polarized capacitance of the battery.
  • the partial pressure differential equation of the polarized capacitance of the battery includes:
  • C s is the polarization capacitance of the battery
  • U s is the voltage division of the polarization capacitance of the battery
  • R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery
  • I is the charging current when the battery is charged for the time period ⁇ t
  • V is the voltage of the battery
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery
  • the general solution of the partial pressure of the polarized capacitor of the battery includes:
  • U s is the partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery
  • U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in the static state
  • V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery
  • R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery
  • t is the charging time of the battery
  • C s is the polarization capacitance of the battery
  • I is the charging time period of the battery
  • V is the voltage of the battery.
  • the internal short circuit of the battery is determined according to the voltage difference equation, the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I Before the resistance R i , the method further includes:
  • the determining of the internal short-circuit resistance Ri of the battery according to the voltage difference equation, the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I includes:
  • the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery is determined according to the internal short-circuit resistance equation of the battery, standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V, and the charging current I.
  • the standard parameters for battery charging include a first standard parameter for battery charging and a second standard parameter for battery charging
  • the internal short-circuit resistance equation of the battery includes:
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery
  • V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage
  • ⁇ V is the voltage difference generated by the charging time period ⁇ t of the battery during the constant current charging
  • ⁇ The first standard parameter for charging the battery ⁇ is the second standard parameter for charging the battery
  • I is the charging current when the battery is charged for the time period ⁇ t.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes:
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium on which at least one computer instruction is stored, wherein the instruction is loaded by a processor to execute the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery as described in any one of the above.
  • the battery is determined by the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V, and the charging current I
  • the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery is determined, and whether the battery has an internal short circuit is determined according to the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery.
  • the charging process of the single battery it can be determined whether the battery has a battery by detecting the internal short circuit resistance of the single battery. Internal short circuit to meet the application scenarios of frequent charging and discharging of portable electronic devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 shows the battery equivalent circuit model used to obtain the standard parameters.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the method for detecting short circuit in the battery of FIG. 2 to determine standard parameters of battery charging.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of determining the first standard voltage difference equation by the method for detecting short circuit in the battery of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the standard voltage difference and the standard charging current.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of determining the internal short circuit resistance of the battery by the method for detecting the internal short circuit of the battery in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of determining the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model by the method for detecting short circuit in the battery of FIG. 2 .
  • Figure 9 shows the battery equivalent circuit model used to determine whether the battery has an internal short circuit.
  • FIG. 10 shows the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model determined by the method of detecting short circuit in the battery of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 includes, but is not limited to, a memory 11 , at least one processor 12 , a battery 13 , a collection device 14 , and a timer 15 , and the above components can be connected through a bus or directly.
  • FIG. 1 only illustrates the electronic device 100 by way of example. In other embodiments, the electronic device 100 may also include more or fewer elements, or have different configurations of elements.
  • the electronic device 100 can be an electric motorcycle, an electric bicycle, an electric vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a digital assistant, a personal computer, or any other suitable rechargeable device.
  • the battery 13 is a rechargeable battery for providing power to the electronic device 100 .
  • the battery 13 may be a lead-acid battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-polymer battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, or the like.
  • the battery 13 is logically connected to the processor 12 through a battery management system (BMS), so that functions such as charging and discharging are implemented through the battery management system.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery management system can communicate with the energy storage inverter (PCS) through CAN or RS485.
  • PCS energy storage inverter
  • the battery 13 includes a battery cell, and the battery can be repeatedly charged in a recyclable and rechargeable manner.
  • the collecting device 14 is used to collect the voltage of the battery 13 and the charging current of the battery 13 .
  • the collecting device 14 is configured to collect the voltage of the cells of the battery 13 and the charging current of the cells of the battery 13 .
  • the acquisition device 14 is an analog-to-digital converter. It can be understood that the collection device 14 may also be other voltage collection devices and current collection devices.
  • the timer 15 is used to record the charging time of the cells of the battery 13 during the charging process.
  • the electronic device 100 may also include other devices, such as a pressure sensor, a light sensor, a gyroscope, a hygrometer, an infrared sensor, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method for detecting short circuit in the battery is applied to the battery.
  • the method for detecting short circuit in the battery includes the following steps:
  • the acquiring the standard parameters of battery charging includes: acquiring the standard parameters of battery charging obtained through the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the battery equivalent circuit model can be Rint model, Thevenin model, PNGV model, 2-order RC model, etc.
  • the battery equivalent circuit model is the Thevenin model. Please refer to FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 3 is the battery equivalent circuit model used to obtain the standard parameters.
  • V standard is the battery standard voltage
  • U oc is the battery open circuit voltage
  • R 0 is the battery ohmic internal resistance
  • R s is the battery polarization internal resistance
  • C s is the battery polarization capacitance
  • U s-standard is the The standard voltage division of the polarized capacitor of the battery
  • I standard is the standard charging current of the battery.
  • the standard parameters for obtaining the battery charging obtained through the battery equivalent circuit model include:
  • the method further includes:
  • S51 Determine the standard equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of capacitance and the definition formula of current.
  • the definition formula of the capacitance includes: Wherein, U s-standard is the standard partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery, Q is the electric quantity of the polarized capacitor of the battery, and C S is the polarized capacitor of the battery.
  • the definition formula of the current includes: Among them, I 1-standard is the standard charging current of the battery polarized capacitor, dQ is the amount of charge passing through the battery polarized capacitor within a period of time, and dt is the time for the charge to pass through the battery polarized capacitor.
  • the standard equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of capacitance and the definition formula of current includes:
  • the battery equivalent circuit model is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the battery is a standard battery, that is, a battery without internal short circuit.
  • a2 Determine the equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law.
  • U 0 is the voltage across the ohmic internal resistance of the battery
  • I standard is the standard charging current flowing through the ohmic internal resistance of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
  • the Kirchhoff's laws include: Wherein, m is the number of elements of the closed loop in the battery equivalent circuit model, and v k is the voltage across the elements.
  • the equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law includes:
  • V standard is the standard voltage of the battery
  • U s-standard is the standard partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery
  • U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery
  • I standard is the standard charging current of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
  • V standard U oc +U s-standard +I standard ⁇ R 0 .
  • V standard is the standard voltage of the battery
  • U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery
  • U s-standard is the standard partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery
  • I standard is the standard charging current of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
  • a3 Determine the standard equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of the capacitance, the definition formula of the current, and the equation of the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the standard equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of the capacitance, the definition formula of the current and the equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes:
  • the standard voltage division differential equation for determining the polarized capacitance of the battery according to the definition formula of the capacitance and the definition formula of the current includes:
  • d1 Determine the standard charging current equation of the battery polarization capacitance according to the definition formula of the capacitance and the definition formula of the current.
  • the standard charging current equation for the battery polarized capacitor includes: Among them, I 1-standard is the standard charging current of the battery polarized capacitor, dQ is the amount of charge passing through the battery polarized capacitor within a period of dt, dt is the time for the charge to pass through the battery polarized capacitor, and U s-standard is the battery polarization
  • I 1-standard is the standard charging current of the battery polarized capacitor
  • dQ is the amount of charge passing through the battery polarized capacitor within a period of dt
  • dt is the time for the charge to pass through the battery polarized capacitor
  • U s-standard is the battery polarization
  • C S is the polarized capacitance of the battery.
  • the standard partial pressure differential equation of the battery polarized capacitance includes: That is, the standard partial pressure differential equation of the polarized capacitance of the battery includes: Among them, C s is the polarized capacitance of the battery, dU s-standard is the standard voltage passing through the polarized capacitance of the battery for a period of time, dt is the time for the charge to pass through the polarized capacitance of the battery, and U s-standard is the polarized capacitance of the battery. Standard partial pressure, R s is the internal resistance of the battery polarization, I standard is the standard charging current of the battery.
  • the general solution of the standard partial pressure of the polarized capacitor of the battery includes: Wherein, U s-standard is the standard partial pressure of the polarized capacitor of the battery, U s0 is the initial partial pressure value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a static state, t is the charging time of the battery, and R s is the The internal resistance of battery polarization, C s is the polarization capacitance of the battery, and I standard is the standard charging current of the battery.
  • the standard equations of the battery equivalent circuit model include: That is, the standard equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes: Wherein, V standard is the standard voltage of the battery, U oc is the open circuit voltage of the battery, U s-standard is the standard partial voltage of the polarized capacitance of the battery, I standard is the standard charging current of the battery, R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery, U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a static state, t is the charging time of the battery, R s is the polarized internal resistance of the battery, and C s is the polarized capacitance of the battery.
  • S52 Determine a second standard voltage difference equation generated by charging the time period ⁇ t according to the standard equation of the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • S53 Determine the first standard voltage difference equation according to the second standard voltage difference equation.
  • t 2 t 1 + ⁇ t
  • ⁇ V standard is the standard voltage difference generated by charging the battery during the period ⁇ t
  • R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery
  • I standard is the charging time during the period ⁇ t
  • U s0 is the initial voltage division value of the battery polarized capacitor in the static state
  • t 1 is the first constant current charging time
  • t 2 is the second constant current charging time
  • C s is the battery pole capacitor
  • ⁇ is the first standard parameter for charging the battery
  • ⁇ is the second standard parameter for charging the battery.
  • the acquisition of the standard voltage difference of each battery during the charging time period ⁇ t during charging with different standard charging currents under different cycle times may be, for example, under different cycle times, after the battery is discharged with a current of 0.8 amps to the cut-off voltage. , obtain the constant current charging at constant currents of 0.4 amps, 0.8 amps, 1.2 amps, 1.6 amps, 2 amps, 2.4 amps, 2.8 amps, 3.2 amps, 3.6 amps, and 4 amps, respectively, from the 1st second to the 11th second The battery standard voltage difference between.
  • S43 Determine the battery obtained by the battery equivalent circuit model according to the first standard voltage difference equation and the standard voltage differences of each battery generated during charging with different standard charging currents under different cycle times during the charging time period ⁇ t Standard parameters for charging.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the standard voltage difference and the standard charging current.
  • the scatter points formed by the standard voltage difference and the standard charging current are roughly arranged on a straight line.
  • the first standard parameter for battery charging and the second standard parameter for battery charging obtained through the battery equivalent circuit model are 9.2271 and 0.0411, respectively.
  • the voltage V 0 of the battery when entering the constant current charging stage is acquired by the collecting device.
  • the battery at this time and the battery corresponding to the acquired battery properties and the determined battery properties appearing in the following description may be, when the standard parameters of the battery charging are determined, the battery may exist in the battery with the passage of time.
  • the short-circuited battery for example, the battery used for 6 months when the standard parameters for charging the battery are determined, is the same battery as the battery when the standard parameters for charging the battery are determined.
  • the battery at this time and the battery corresponding to the acquired battery attribute and the determined battery attribute appearing in the following description may also be the battery for which it is to be determined whether there is an internal short circuit, that is, when determining the standard parameters for charging the battery different batteries.
  • the acquiring the voltage difference ⁇ V generated by the charging time period ⁇ t during the constant current charging of the battery includes:
  • the acquiring the charging current I of the battery during the charging time period ⁇ t includes: acquiring the charging current I of the battery between the time t 1 and the time t 2 .
  • the determination of the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery according to the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I includes:
  • S71 Determine the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of capacitance and the definition formula of current.
  • the definition formula of the capacitance includes: Wherein, U s is the partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery, Q is the electric quantity of the polarized capacitor of the battery, and C S is the polarized capacitor of the battery.
  • the definition formula of the current includes: Among them, I 1 is the charging current of the battery polarized capacitor, dQ is the amount of charge passing through the battery polarized capacitor within a period of time, and dt is the time for the charge to pass through the battery polarized capacitor.
  • the first equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of capacitance and the definition formula of current includes:
  • the battery equivalent circuit model is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the battery may have an internal short circuit.
  • V is the battery voltage
  • U oc is the battery open circuit voltage
  • R 0 is the battery ohmic internal resistance
  • R s is the battery polarization internal resistance
  • C s is the battery polarization capacitance
  • U s is the battery polarization
  • I is the charging current of the battery
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery.
  • U 0 is the voltage across the ohmic internal resistance of the battery
  • I is the charging current flowing through the ohmic internal resistance of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery.
  • the Kirchhoff's laws include: Wherein, m is the number of elements of the closed loop in the battery equivalent circuit model, and v k is the voltage across the elements.
  • the second equation for determining the battery equivalent circuit model according to Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law includes:
  • V is the battery voltage
  • U s is the partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery
  • U oc is the open-circuit voltage of the battery
  • I is the charging current of the battery
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery
  • R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery .
  • the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes: Wherein, V is the battery voltage, U oc is the open-circuit voltage of the battery, U s is the voltage divided by the polarized capacitor of the battery, I is the charging current of the battery, R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery, and R 0 is the ohmic internal resistance of the battery .
  • S83 Determine the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the definition formula of the capacitance, the definition formula of the current, and the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model is determined to include:
  • S1001 Determine a voltage-division differential equation of the polarized capacitance of the battery according to the definition formula of the capacitance and the definition formula of the current.
  • the voltage division differential equation for determining the polarized capacitance of the battery according to the definition formula of the capacitance and the definition formula of the current includes:
  • g1 Determine the charging current equation of the polarized capacitor of the battery according to the definition formula of the capacitance and the definition formula of the current.
  • the charging current equation of the battery polarized capacitor includes: Among them, I 1 is the charging current of the battery polarized capacitor, dQ is the amount of charge passing through the battery polarized capacitor within a period of time dt, dt is the time for the charge to pass through the battery polarized capacitor, U s is the partial voltage of the battery polarized capacitor, C S is the polarized capacitance of the battery.
  • g2 Determine the voltage-division differential equation of the battery polarized capacitance according to the charging current equation of the battery polarized capacitance.
  • the partial pressure differential equation of the polarized capacitance of the battery includes: That is, the partial pressure differential equation of the polarized capacitance of the battery includes: Among them, C s is the polarized capacitance of the battery, dU s is the voltage across the polarized capacitor of the battery for a period of time, dt is the time for the charge to pass through the polarized capacitor of the battery, U s is the partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery, R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery, I is the charging current of the battery, V is the battery voltage, and R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery.
  • S1002 Solve the differential equation of the partial pressure of the polarized capacitance of the battery to determine a general solution of the partial pressure of the polarized capacitance of the battery.
  • the general solution of the partial pressure of the polarized capacitor of the battery includes: Among them, U s is the partial voltage of the polarized capacitor of the battery, U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in the static state, V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage, R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery, R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery, t is the charging time of the battery, C s is the polarization capacitance of the battery, and I is the charging time period of the battery The charging current at ⁇ t, V is the voltage of the battery.
  • S1003 Determine the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model according to the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model and the general solution of the voltage division of the battery polarized capacitance.
  • the second equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes: Since the internal short-circuit resistance is much larger than the ohmic internal resistance of the battery and the internal resistance of the battery polarization, so And because the purpose of this application is to determine whether there is an internal short circuit in the battery, so value cannot be ignored.
  • the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model includes: Wherein, V is the voltage of the battery, I is the charging current when the battery is charged for the time period ⁇ t, R s is the battery polarization internal resistance, R 0 is the battery ohmic internal resistance, U oc is the battery open circuit voltage, U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a static state, V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage, and R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery.
  • S72 Determine a voltage difference equation generated by charging the battery during the time period ⁇ t according to the first equation of the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the method determines the internal short-circuit resistance Ri of the battery according to the voltage difference equation, the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I It also includes: obtaining the battery standard parameter equation obtained through the battery equivalent circuit model.
  • the battery standard parameter equation includes: Among them, ⁇ is the first standard parameter for charging the battery, R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery, t 1 is the first constant current charging time, C s is the polarization capacitance of the battery, and t 2 is the second At the time of constant current charging, ⁇ is the second standard parameter for charging the battery, and U s0 is the initial partial voltage value of the polarized capacitor of the battery in a static state.
  • the determining of the internal short-circuit resistance Ri of the battery according to the voltage difference equation, the standard parameters for charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I includes:
  • h1 Determine the internal short-circuit resistance equation of the battery according to the voltage difference equation and the battery standard parameter equation.
  • the voltage difference equation includes: but Therefore, the internal short circuit resistance equation of the battery includes: Among them, ⁇ V is the voltage difference generated by charging the battery during the time period ⁇ t, I is the charging current when the battery is charging for the time period ⁇ t, and U s0 is the initial voltage of the battery polarized capacitor in the static state.
  • R s is the polarization internal resistance of the battery
  • V 0 is the voltage of the battery when it enters the constant current charging stage
  • R i is the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery
  • t 1 is the first constant current charging time
  • C s is For the polarized capacitance of the battery
  • t 2 is the second constant current charging time
  • ⁇ is the first standard parameter for charging the battery
  • ⁇ is the second standard parameter for charging the battery.
  • the standard parameters for charging the battery the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I are substituted into the internal short-circuit resistance equation of the battery to determine the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery R i .
  • whether the battery has an internal short circuit is determined according to the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery and the first preset short circuit resistance.
  • the first preset short-circuit resistance may be 600 ohms, or may be other values, such as 500 ohms, 700 ohms, etc., which may be determined according to specific requirements.
  • the determining whether the battery has an internal short circuit according to the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery includes:
  • the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery is smaller than the first preset short circuit resistance, it is determined that the battery has an internal short circuit.
  • determining that the battery has an internal short circuit includes:
  • the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery is less than the second preset short-circuit resistance and greater than or equal to the third preset short-circuit resistance, it is determined that the battery has a moderate internal short-circuit;
  • the internal short circuit resistance R i of the battery is smaller than the third preset short circuit resistance, it is determined that the battery has a serious internal short circuit.
  • the second preset short-circuit resistance may be 100 ohms, or may be other values, such as 80 ohms, 90 ohms, 110 ohms, 120 ohms, etc., which may be determined according to specific requirements.
  • the third preset short-circuit resistance may be 10 ohms, or may be other values, such as 8 ohms, 9 ohms, 11 ohms, 12 ohms, etc., which may be determined according to specific requirements.
  • the method further includes:
  • a first-level internal short circuit alarm is sent to the user, and the charging and discharging circuit of the battery is cut off.
  • the present application determines the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery through the standard parameters of charging the battery, the voltage V 0 , the voltage difference ⁇ V and the charging current I, and according to the internal short-circuit resistance R i of the battery To determine whether the battery has an internal short circuit, it can be determined whether the battery has an internal short circuit by detecting the internal short circuit resistance of the single battery during the charging process of the single battery, which meets the application scenario of frequent charging and discharging of portable electronic devices.
  • the memory 11 may be an internal memory of an electronic device, that is, a memory built into the electronic device. In other embodiments, the memory 11 may also be an external memory of the electronic device, that is, a memory externally connected to the electronic device.
  • the memory 11 is used for storing program codes and various data, and realizes high-speed and automatic access to programs or data during the operation of the electronic device.
  • the memory 11 may include random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, internal memory, plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), Secure Digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , a flash card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
  • non-volatile memory such as hard disk, internal memory, plug-in hard disk, smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), Secure Digital (Secure Digital, SD) card , a flash card (Flash Card), at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.
  • the processor 12 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processors, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) Integrated Circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf Programmable Gate Array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any other conventional processor or the like.
  • the program codes and various data in the memory 11 can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium if they are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the present application implements all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments, for example, the steps in the method for updating the battery pressure difference or the method for estimating the amount of electricity can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program.
  • the computer program of the invention can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments can be implemented.
  • the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form, and the like.
  • the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) Wait.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in the same processing unit, or each module may exist physically alone, or two or more modules may be integrated in the same unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware, or can be implemented in the form of hardware plus software function modules.

Abstract

一种电池内短路侦测方法，所述方法包括：获取电池充电的标准参数（S21）；获取所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压V0（S22）；获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV（S23）；获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I（S24）；根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻Ri（S25）；根据所述电池的内短路电阻Ri确定所述电池是否存在内短路（S26）。还提供一种电子装置及存储介质，可在单体电池充电过程中通过侦测单体电池的内短路电阻确定电池是否存在电池内短路。

Description

电池内短路侦测方法、电子装置和存储介质 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池内短路侦测方法、电子装置和存储介质。
背景技术
目前，由于电池的隔膜损坏、电池制造过程中引入杂质颗粒、电池的电极材料的溶解和沉积、电池的电极析锂形成枝晶等原因可能会导致电池内短路。所述电池内短路随着时间的推移会愈发严重。进而可能会造成电池燃烧，甚至爆炸，对用户的生命和财产带来损害。虽然，目前可通过将电池放置一段时间来检测放置前后的端电压的变化来判断电池是否存在电池内短路，但是此方法需要电池长时间处于无外部电流状态，无法满足便携式电子装置频繁充放电的应用场景。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电池内短路侦测方法、电子装置和存储介质，可在单体电池充电过程中通过侦测单体电池的内短路电阻确定电池是否存在电池内短路。
本申请一实施例提供一种电池内短路侦测方法，所述方法包括：
获取电池充电的标准参数；
获取所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压V 0；
获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV；
获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I；
根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i；
根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV包括：
获取所述电池在恒流充电t 1时刻的电压V1；
获取所述电池在恒流充电t 2时刻的电压V2，其中t 2＝t 1+Δt；
根据所述电压V1及所述电压V2确定所述电压差ΔV；
所述获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I包括：
获取所述电池在所述t 1时刻至所述t 2时刻之间的充电电流I。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述获取电池充电的标准参数包括：
获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数之前，所述方法还包括：
获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程；
获取在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差；
根据所述第一标准电压差方程及所述在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差确定所述通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程之前，所述方法还包括：
根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程；
根据所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程确定充电所述时间段Δt所产生的第二标准电压差方程；
根据所述第二标准电压差方程确定所述第一标准电压差方程。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000001
其中，V standard为电池标准电压，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t为电池充电时间，R s为电池极化内阻，C s为所述电池极化电容，I standard为电池的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池充电的标准参数包括电池充电的第一标准参数及电池充电的第二标准参数，所述第一标准电压差方程包括：
ΔV standard＝αI standard-αβ；
其中，
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000002
其中，t 2＝t 1+Δt，ΔV standard为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的标准电压差，I standard为充电所述时间段Δt时的标准充电电流，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，R s为电池极化内阻，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，C s为电池极化电容，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数，及U s0为所述电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定电池等效电路模型的第一方程；
根据所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程确定所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的电压差方程；
根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000003
其中，V为所述电池的电压，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，R s为电池极化内阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，U 0c为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
建立所述电池等效电路模型；
根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程；
根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的分压微分方程；
对所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程进行求解确定所述电池极化电容的分压的通解；
根据所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程及所述电池极化电容的分压的通解确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000004
其中，C s为所述电池极化电容，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，R s为电池极化内阻，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，V为所述电池的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻；
所述电池极化电容的分压的通解包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000005
其中，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为所述电池的内短路电阻，R s为所述电池极化内阻，t为所述电池的充电时间，C s为所述电池极化 电容，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，V为所述电池的电压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，在所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i之前，所述方法还包括：
获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池标准参数方程；
所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
根据所述电压差方程及所述电池标准参数方程确定电池的内短路电阻方程；
根据所述电池的内短路电阻方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池充电的标准参数包括电池充电的第一标准参数及电池充电的第二标准参数，所述电池的内短路电阻方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000006
其中，R i为所述电池的内短路电阻，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，ΔV为所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流。
本申请一实施例提供一种电子装置，所述电子装置包括：
电池；
处理器；以及
存储器，所述存储器中存储有多个程序模块，所述多个程序模块由所述处理器加载并执行如上任意一项所述的电池内短路侦测方法。
本申请一实施例提供一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，其特征在于，所述指令由处理器加载执行如上任意一项所述的电池内短路侦测方法。
本申请实施例提供的电池内短路侦测方法，电子装置，及存储介质，通过所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i，并根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路，可在单体电池充电过程中通过侦测单体电池的内短路电阻确定电池是否存在电池内短路，满足便携式电子装置频繁充放电的应用场景。
附图说明
图1为根据本申请一实施方式的电子装置的示意图。
图2为本申请一实施例的电池内短路侦测方法的流程图。
图3为得到标准参数时采用的电池等效电路模型。
图4为图2的电池内短路侦测方法确定电池充电的标准参数的流程图。
图5为图2的电池内短路侦测方法确定第一标准电压差方程的流程图。
图6为标准电压差与标准充电电流之间的关系示意图。
图7为图2的电池内短路侦测方法确定电池的内短路电阻的流程图。
图8为图2的电池内短路侦测方法确定电池等效电路模型的第一方程的流程图。
图9为确定电池是否存在内短路时采用的电池等效电路模型。
图10为图2的电池内短路侦测方法确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
主要元件符号说明
电子装置           100
存储器             11
处理器             12
电池               13
采集装置           14
计时器             15
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都是属于本申请保护的范围。
请参阅图1，图1为本申请一实施例的电子装置的示意图。所述电子装置100包括，但不仅限于，存储器11、至少一个处理器12、电池13、采集装置14、以及计时器15，上述元件之间可以通过总线连接，也可以直接连接。
需要说明的是，图1仅为举例说明电子装置100。在其他实施例中，电子装置100也可以包括更多或者更少的元件，或者具有不同的元件配置。所述电子装置100可以为电动摩托、电动单车、电动汽车、手机、平板电脑、个数数字助理、个人电脑，或者任何其他适合的可充电式设备。
在一个实施例中，所述电池13为可充电电池，用于给所述电子装置100提供电能。例如，所述电池13可以是铅酸电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池、锂聚合物电池及磷酸铁锂电池等。所述电池13通过电池管理系统(BMS)与所述处理器12逻辑相连，从而通过所述电池管理系统实现充电、以及放电等功能。所述电池管理系统可通过CAN或RS485与储能逆变器(PCS)通讯连接。所述电池13包括电芯，所述电池可以采用可循环再充电的方式反复充电。
在本实施例中，所述采集装置14用于采集电池13的电压及电池13的充电电流。在本实施例中，所述采集装置14用于采集所述电池13的电芯的电压及所述电池13的电芯的充电电流。在本实施例中，所述采集装置14为模数转 换器。可以理解的是，所述采集装置14还可为其他电压采集装置及电流采集装置。所述计时器15用于记录所述电池13的电芯在充电过程中的充电时间。可以理解的是，所述电子装置100还可以包括其他装置，例如压力传感器、光线传感器、陀螺仪、湿度计、红外线传感器等。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请一实施例的电池内短路侦测方法的流程图。所述电池内短路侦测方法应用于电池上。所述电池内短路侦测方法包括下列步骤：
S21：获取电池充电的标准参数。
在本实施例中，所述获取电池充电的标准参数包括：获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。所述电池等效电路模型可为Rint模型，Thevenin模型，PNGV模型，2阶RC模型等。在本实施例中，所述电池等效电路模型为Thevenin模型。请参考图3，图3为得到标准参数时采用的电池等效电路模型。在图3中，V standard为电池标准电压，U oc为电池开路电压，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，R s为电池极化内阻，C s为电池极化电容，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，I standard为电池的标准充电电流。
请参考图4，所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数包括：
S41：获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程。
在本实施例中，请参考图5，在所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程之前，所述方法还包括：
S51：根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程。
所述电容的定义公式包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000007
其中，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，Q为所述电池极化电容的电量，C S为所述电池极化电容。所述电流的定义公式包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000008
其中，I 1-standard为电池极化电容的标准充电电流，dQ为一段时间内通过电池极化电容的电荷量，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间。
所述根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程包括：
a1：建立所述电池等效电路模型。
所述电池等效电路模型如图3所示。此时，所述电池为标准电池，即为不存在内短路的电池。
a2：根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的方程。
所述欧姆定律包括：U 0＝I standard×R 0。其中，U 0为电池欧姆内阻两端的电压，I standard为流过电池欧姆内阻的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。所述基尔霍夫定律包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000009
其中，m是所述电池等效电路模型中的闭合回路的元 件数目，v k为元件两端的电压。
所述根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的方程包括：
b1：根据所述欧姆定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准基尔霍夫电压方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的标准基尔霍夫电压方程包括：-V standard+U s-standard+U oc+I standard×R 0＝0。其中，V standard为电池标准电压，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，U oc为电池开路电压，I standard为电池的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
b2：根据所述电池等效电路模型的标准基尔霍夫电压方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的方程包括：V standard＝U oc+U s-standard+I standard×R 0。其中，V standard为电池标准电压，U oc为电池开路电压，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，I standard为电池的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
a3：根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程。
所述根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程包括：
c1：根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程。
所述根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程包括：
d1：根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定所述电池极化电容的标准充电电流方程。
所述电池极化电容的标准充电电流方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000010
其中，I 1-standard为电池极化电容的标准充电电流，dQ为一段时间dt内通过电池极化电容的电荷量，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间，U s-standard为电池极化电容的标准分压，C S为所述电池极化电容。
d2：根据所述电池极化电容的充电电流方程确定电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程。
所述电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000012
即所述电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000013
其中，C s为所述电池极化电容，dU s-standard为一段时间内通过电池极化电容的标准电压，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间，U s-standard为电池极化电容的标准分压，R s为电池极化内阻，I standard为电池的标准充电电流。
c2：对所述电池极化电容的标准分压微分方程进行求解确定所述电池极化电容的标准分压的通解。
所述电池极化电容的标准分压的通解包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000015
其中，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t为所述电池的充电时间，R s为所述电池极化内阻，C s为所述电池极化电容，I standard为所述电池的标准充电电流。
c3：根据所述电池等效电路模型的方程及所述电池极化电容的标准分压的通解确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000017
即，所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000019
其中，V standard为电池标准电压，U oc为电池开路电压，U s-standard为所述电池极化电容的标准分压，I standard为电池的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t为所述电池的充电时间，R s为所述电池极化内阻，C s为所述电池极化电容。
S52：根据所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程确定充电所述时间段Δt所产生的第二标准电压差方程。
所述第二标准电压差方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000022
即，所述第二标准电压差方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000024
其中，t 2＝t 1+Δt，ΔV standard为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的标准电压差，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，R s为所述电池极化内阻，C s为所述电池极化电容，I standard为充电所述时间段Δt时的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻。
S53：根据所述第二标准电压差方程确定所述第一标准电压差方程。
所述第一标准电压差方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000027
即，所述第一标准电压差方程包括：ΔV standard＝αI standard-αβ。其中，
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000028
公式
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000030
及公式
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000031
为电池标准参数方程。
其中，t 2＝t 1+Δt，ΔV standard为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的标准电压差，R s为所述电池极化内阻，I standard为充电所述时间段Δt时的标准充电电流，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，C s为所述电池极化电容，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数。
S42：获取在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差。
所述获取在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差可为，例如，在不同循环次数下，在电池以0.8安培的电流放电至截止电压后，获取分别以0.4安培、0.8安培、1.2安培、1.6安培、2安培、2.4安培、2.8安培、3.2安培、3.6安培、4安培的恒定电流进行恒流充电时，在第1秒至第11秒之间的电池标准电压差。
S43：根据所述第一标准电压差方程及所述在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差确定所述通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。
请参考图6，图6为标准电压差与标准充电电流之间的关系示意图。在图6中，所述标准电压差与所述标准充电电流所形成的散点大致排列在一条直线上。在本实施例中，例如，在图6中，根据所述第一标准电压差方程及所述在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差确定所述通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的第一标准参数及电池充电的第二标准参数分别为9.2271和0.0411。
S22：获取所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压V 0。
在本实施例中，通过所述采集装置获取所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压V 0。
此时的所述电池及在下面描述中出现的获取的电池属性及确定的电池属性 所对应的电池可为，确定所述电池充电的标准参数时的电池随着使用时间的推移成为可能存在内短路的电池，例如确定所述电池充电的标准参数时的电池使用6个月之后的电池，即与确定所述电池充电的标准参数时的电池为同一电池。此时的所述电池及在下面描述中出现的获取的电池属性及确定的电池属性所对应的电池还可为，待确定是否存在内短路的电池，即与确定所述电池充电的标准参数时的电池不同的电池。
S23：获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV。
在本实施例中，所述获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV包括：
e1：获取所述电池在恒流充电t 1时刻的电压V1。
e2：获取所述电池在恒流充电t 2时刻的电压V2，其中t 2＝t 1+Δt。
e3：根据所述电压V1及所述电压V2确定所述电压差ΔV。
S24：获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I。
所述获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I包括：获取所述电池在所述t 1时刻至所述t 2时刻之间的充电电流I。
S25：根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
请参考图7，所述根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
S71：根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
所述电容的定义公式包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000032
其中，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，Q为所述电池极化电容的电量，C S为所述电池极化电容。所述电流的定义公式包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000033
其中，I 1为电池极化电容的充电电流，dQ为一段时间内通过电池极化电容的电荷量，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间。
请参考图8，所述根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
S81：建立所述电池等效电路模型。
所述电池等效电路模型如图9所示。此时，所述电池可能存在内短路。在图9中，V为电池电压，U oc为电池开路电压，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，R s为电池极化内阻，C s为电池极化电容，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，I为电池的充电电流，R i为电池的内短路电阻。
S82：根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程。
所述欧姆定律包括：U 0＝I×R 0。其中，U 0为电池欧姆内阻两端的电压，I为流过电池欧姆内阻的充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。所述基尔霍夫定律包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000034
其中，m是所述电池等效电路模型中的闭合回路的元件数目，v k为元件两端的电压。
所述根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程 包括：
f1：根据所述欧姆定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的基尔霍夫电压方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的基尔霍夫电压方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000036
其中，V为电池电压，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，U oc为电池开路电压，I为电池的充电电流，R i为电池的内短路电阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
f2：根据所述电池等效电路模型的基尔霍夫电压方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000037
其中，V为电池电压，U oc为电池开路电压，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，I为电池的充电电流，R i为电池的内短路电阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
S83：根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
请参考图10，根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
S1001：根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的分压微分方程。
所述根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的分压微分方程包括：
g1：根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定所述电池极化电容的充电电流方程。
所述电池极化电容的充电电流方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000038
其中，I 1为电池极化电容的充电电流，dQ为一段时间dt内通过电池极化电容的电荷量，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间，U s为电池极化电容的分压，C S为所述电池极化电容。
g2：根据所述电池极化电容的充电电流方程确定电池极化电容的分压微分方程。
所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000039
即所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000040
其中，C s为所述电池极化电容，dU s为一段时间内通过电池极化电容的电压，dt为电荷通过电池极化电容的时间，U s为电池极化电容的分压，R s为电池极化内阻，I为电池的充电电流，V为电池电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻。
S1002：对所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程进行求解确定所述电池极化电容的分压的通解。
所述电池极化电容的分压的通解包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000042
其中，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为所述电池的内短路电阻，R s为所述电池极化内阻，t为所述电池的充电时间，C s为所述电池极化电容，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，V为所述电池的电压。
S1003：根据所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程及所述电池极化电容的分压的通解确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000044
由于内短路电阻远大于电池欧姆内阻及电池极化内阻，故
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000045
且由于本申请的目的为确定电池是否存在内短路，故
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000046
的值不能忽略。因此，所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000047
其中，V为所述电池的电压，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，R s为电池极化内阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻。
S72：根据所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程确定所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的电压差方程。
所述电压差方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000049
其中，t 2＝t 1+Δt，ΔV为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的电压差，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，R s为电池极化内阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，C s为所述电池极化电容，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻。
S73：根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述 电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
在所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i之前，所述方法还包括：获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池标准参数方程。
所述电池标准参数方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000050
其中，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，R s为所述电池极化内阻，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，C s为所述电池极化电容，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值。
所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
h1：根据所述电压差方程及所述电池标准参数方程确定电池的内短路电阻方程。
所述电压差方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000051
则
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000052
因此，所述电池的内短路电阻方程包括：
Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-000053
其中，ΔV为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的电压差，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，R s为电池极化内阻，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，C s为所述电池极化电容，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数。
h2：根据所述电池的内短路电阻方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
在本实施例中，将所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I代入所述电池的内短路电阻方程中确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
S26：根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路。
在本实施例中，根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i及第一预设短路电阻确定所述电池是否存在内短路。优选地，所述第一预设短路电阻可以为600欧姆，也可以为其它值，例如500欧姆、700欧姆等，可依具体需求而定。所述根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路包括：
若所述电池的内短路电阻R i大于或等于第一预设短路电阻，确定所述电池不存在内短路；
若所述电池的内短路电阻R i小于所述第一预设短路电阻，确定所述电池存 在内短路。
在本实施例中，为了确定所述电池的内短路级别，若所述电池的内短路电阻R i小于所述第一预设短路电阻，确定所述电池存在内短路包括：
若所述电池的内短路电阻R i小于所述第一预设短路电阻且大于或等于第二预设短路电阻，确定所述电池为轻微的内短路；
若所述电池的内短路电阻R i小于所述第二预设短路电阻且大于或等于第三预设短路电阻，确定所述电池为中度的内短路；
若所述电池的内短路电阻R i小于所述第三预设短路电阻，确定所述电池为严重的内短路。
优选地，所述第二预设短路电阻可以为100欧姆，也可以为其它值，例如80欧姆、90欧姆、110欧姆、120欧姆等，可依具体需求而定。优选地，所述第三预设短路电阻可以为10欧姆，也可以为其它值，例如8欧姆、9欧姆、11欧姆、12欧姆等，可依具体需求而定。
在本实施例中，为了处理所述内短路，所述方法还包括：
若确定所述电池为轻微的内短路，向用户发送内短路三级告警；
若确定所述电池为中度的内短路，向用户发送内短路二级告警，并限制电池的输出功率；
若确定所述电池为严重的内短路，向用户发送内短路一级告警，并切断电池的充放电回路。
本申请通过所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i，并根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路，可在单体电池充电过程中通过侦测单体电池的内短路电阻确定电池是否存在电池内短路，满足便携式电子装置频繁充放电的应用场景。
请继续参阅图1，本实施例中，所述存储器11可以是电子装置的内部存储器，即内置于所述电子装置的存储器。在其他实施例中，所述存储器11也可以是电子装置的外部存储器，即外接于所述电子装置的存储器。
在一些实施例中，所述存储器11用于存储程序代码和各种数据，并在电子装置的运行过程中实现高速、自动地完成程序或数据的存取。
所述存储器11可以包括随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如硬盘、内存、插接式硬盘、智能存储卡(Smart Media Card，SMC)、安全数字(Secure Digital，SD)卡、闪存卡(Flash Card)、至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。
在一实施例中，所述处理器12可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者所述处理器也可以是其它任何常规的处理器等。
所述存储器11中的程序代码和各种数据如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，例如实现电池压差更新方法或电量预估方法中的步骤，也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时，可实现上述各个方法实施例的步骤。其中，所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，所述计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。所述计算机可读介质可以包括：能够携带所述计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)等。
可以理解的是，以上所描述的模块划分，为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在相同处理单元中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在相同单元中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能模块的形式实现。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本申请不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本申请的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本申请。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将本申请上述的实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化涵括在本申请内。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本申请不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本申请的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本申请。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将本申请上述的实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化涵括在本申请内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取电池充电的标准参数；
    获取所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压V 0；
    获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV；
    获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I；
    根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i；
    根据所述电池的内短路电阻R i确定所述电池是否存在内短路。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于：
    所述获取所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差ΔV包括：
    获取所述电池在恒流充电t 1时刻的电压V1；
    获取所述电池在恒流充电t 2时刻的电压V2，其中t 2＝t 1+Δt；
    根据所述电压V1及所述电压V2确定所述电压差ΔV；
    所述获取所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流I包括：
    获取所述电池在所述t 1时刻至所述t 2时刻之间的充电电流I。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述获取电池充电的标准参数包括：
    获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，在所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数之前，所述方法还包括：
    获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程；
    获取在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差；
    根据所述第一标准电压差方程及所述在不同循环次数下以不同标准充电电流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的各电池标准电压差确定所述通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池充电的标准参数。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，在所述获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的包括电池标准参数方程的第一标准电压差方程之前，所述方法还包括：
    根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程；
    根据所述电池等效电路模型的标准方程确定充电所述时间段Δt所产生的第二标准电压差方程；
    根据所述第二标准电压差方程确定所述第一标准电压差方程。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述电池等效 电路模型的标准方程包括：
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100001
    其中，V standard为电池标准电压，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，t为电池充电时间，R s为电池极化内阻，C s为所述电池极化电容，I standard为电池的标准充电电流，R 0为电池欧姆内阻。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述电池充电的标准参数包括电池充电的第一标准参数及电池充电的第二标准参数，所述第一标准电压差方程包括：
    ΔV standard＝αI standard-αβ；
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100002
    其中，t 2＝t 1+Δt，ΔV standard为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的标准电压差，I standard为充电所述时间段Δt时的标准充电电流，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，R s为电池极化内阻，t 1为第一恒流充电时刻，C s为电池极化电容，t 2为第二恒流充电时刻，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数，及U s0为所述电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
    根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定电池等效电路模型的第一方程；
    根据所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程确定所述电池充电所述时间段Δt所产生的电压差方程；
    根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100003
    其中，V为所述电池的电压，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，R s为电池极化内阻，R 0为电池欧姆内阻，U oc为电池开路电压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述根据电容的定义公式及电流的定义公式确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
    建立所述电池等效电路模型；
    根据欧姆定律及基尔霍夫定律确定所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程；
    根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电容的定义公式、所述电流的定义公式及所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程包括：
    根据所述电容的定义公式及所述电流的定义公式确定电池极化电容的分压微分方程；
    对所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程进行求解确定所述电池极化电容的分压的通解；
    根据所述电池等效电路模型的第二方程及所述电池极化电容的分压的通解确定所述电池等效电路模型的第一方程。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于：
    所述电池极化电容的分压微分方程包括：
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100004
    其中，C s为所述电池极化电容，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，R s为电池极化内阻，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，V为所述电池的电压，R i为电池的内短路电阻；
    所述电池极化电容的分压的通解包括：
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100005
    其中，U s为所述电池极化电容的分压，U s0为电池极化电容在静置状态下的初始分压值，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，R i为所述电池的内短路电阻，R s为所述电池极化内阻，t为所述电池的充电时间，C s为所述电池极化电容，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流，V为所述电池的电压。
  13. 如权利要求8所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于：
    在所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i之前，所述方法还包括：
    获取通过电池等效电路模型得到的电池标准参数方程；
    所述根据所述电压差方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i包括：
    根据所述电压差方程及所述电池标准参数方程确定电池的内短路电阻方程；
    根据所述电池的内短路电阻方程、所述电池充电的标准参数、所述电压V 0、所述电压差ΔV及所述充电电流I确定所述电池的内短路电阻R i。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池内短路侦测方法，其特征在于，所述电池充电的标准参数包括电池充电的第一标准参数及电池充电的第二标准参数，所述电池的内短路电阻方程包括：
    Figure PCTCN2020136585-appb-100006
    其中，R i为所述电池的内短路电阻，V 0为所述电池在进入恒流充电阶段时的电压，ΔV为所述电池在恒流充电期间充电时间段Δt所产生的电压差，α为所述电池充电的第一标准参数，β为所述电池充电的第二标准参数，I为所述电池充电所述时间段Δt时的充电电流。
  15. 一种电子装置，其特征在于，所述电子装置包括：
    电池；
    处理器；以及
    存储器，所述存储器中存储有多个程序模块，所述多个程序模块由所述处理器加载并执行如权利要求1-14中任意一项所述的电池内短路侦测方法。
  16. 一种存储介质，其上存储有至少一条计算机指令，其特征在于，所述指令由处理器加载执行如权利要求1-14中任意一项所述的电池内短路侦测方法。
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