WO2022185410A1 - 磁壁移動素子、磁気アレイ及び磁壁移動素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
磁壁移動素子、磁気アレイ及び磁壁移動素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/20—Spin-polarised current-controlled devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/10—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration
- H01L27/105—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive configuration including field-effect components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/20—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B61/22—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the field-effect transistor [FET] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/01—Manufacture or treatment
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
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- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a domain wall motion element, a magnetic array, and a method for manufacturing a domain wall motion element.
- next-generation non-volatile memory that will replace flash memory, etc., where the limits of miniaturization have become apparent.
- MRAM Magneticoresistive Random Access Memory
- ReRAM Resistive Random Access Memory
- PCRAM Phase Change Random Access Memory
- Patent Literature 1 describes a magnetoresistance change element (domain wall motion element) capable of recording multivalued data by moving the domain wall in the first magnetization free layer (domain wall motion layer).
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-200002 describes that magnetization fixed regions that limit the movement range of the domain wall are provided at both ends of the first magnetization free layer (domain wall displacement layer). The magnetization fixed regions provided at both ends have different magnetization orientation directions.
- the magnetization orientation direction of the magnetization fixed region is determined, for example, by applying an external magnetic field.
- the magnetization of one magnetization fixed region is fixed, the magnetization of the other magnetization fixed region is oriented in an unexpected direction. , and it is easy to complicate.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a domain wall motion element, a magnetic array, and a method of manufacturing a domain wall motion element that facilitate determination of the orientation direction of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer.
- a domain wall motion element has a magnetoresistive effect including a reference layer and a domain wall motion layer containing a ferromagnetic material, and a non-magnetic layer between the reference layer and the domain wall motion layer. an element, and a first magnetization pinned layer and a second magnetization pinned layer that are in direct or indirect contact with the domain wall motion layer and are separated from each other, wherein the first magnetization pinned layer is connected to the domain wall motion layer.
- the structures are the same, and the film structures of the first region and the second region are different.
- the first region may include a plurality of ferromagnetic layers.
- the second region has a nonmagnetic second intermediate layer and a plurality of ferromagnetic layers that are ferromagnetically coupled to each other with the second intermediate layer interposed therebetween.
- the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer may differ in material or thickness.
- the domain wall motion element according to the above aspect has a plurality of the second intermediate layers, and any one of the first intermediate layer and the plurality of second intermediate layers has the same material or thickness as the other layer. may differ.
- the first intermediate layer may be composed of a plurality of nonmagnetic layers.
- the thickness of the first intermediate layer may be 1 nm or more.
- the first intermediate layer may be a discontinuous film interspersed with non-magnetic material, or may have an opening.
- the first intermediate layer may be oxide or amorphous.
- the second intermediate layer may be composed of a plurality of nonmagnetic layers.
- the thickness of the second intermediate layer may be 1 nm or more.
- the second intermediate layer may be a discontinuous film interspersed with non-magnetic material, or may have an opening.
- the second intermediate layer may be oxide or amorphous.
- the first region has a nonmagnetic third intermediate layer and a plurality of ferromagnetic layers antiferromagnetically coupled to each other with the third intermediate layer interposed therebetween.
- the coercive force of the first region may be greater than the coercive force of the second region.
- the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer may be magnetostatically coupled.
- the magnetization orientation direction of the ferromagnetic layer forming the second region may be different from the magnetization orientation direction of the reference layer.
- the domain wall motion element according to the above aspect further includes a first electrode in contact with the first magnetization fixed layer and a second electrode in contact with the second magnetization fixed layer, wherein the first electrode and the second The electrodes may differ in shape.
- the second electrode may cover part of the side surface of the second magnetization fixed layer.
- the second electrode has a first surface in contact with the second magnetization fixed layer, and a peripheral length of the first surface is shorter than a peripheral length of the second surface opposite to the first surface. good too.
- the second electrode may overlap a midpoint of the domain wall motion layer in the first direction in which the domain wall motion layer extends when viewed from the stacking direction.
- an insulating layer covering a first side surface of the first magnetization fixed layer on the second magnetization fixed layer side and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface.
- the material may be different from that of the insulating layer.
- the thickness of the domain wall motion layer is such that the thickness of the contact portion directly or indirectly contacting the first magnetization fixed layer or the second magnetization fixed layer is two. It may be thicker than the thickness at the midpoint of the contact portion.
- the second magnetization fixed layer may have a non-magnetic fourth intermediate layer, and the fourth intermediate layer may contain the same material as the first intermediate layer. .
- the domain wall motion element according to the above aspect may further include a conductive layer in contact with the surface of the domain wall motion layer opposite to the non-magnetic layer.
- a magnetic array according to the second aspect has a plurality of domain wall motion elements according to the above aspects.
- a method for manufacturing a domain wall motion element includes steps of sequentially stacking a reference layer containing a ferromagnetic material, a nonmagnetic layer, and a domain wall motion layer containing a ferromagnetic material; forming a laminate in which a first layer containing a ferromagnetic material, a non-magnetic intermediate layer, and a second layer containing a ferromagnetic material are sequentially laminated; forming two laminates spaced apart from each other; and removing at least the second layer of one of the two laminates.
- the domain wall motion element, the magnetic array, and the method for manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the above aspect can easily determine the orientation direction of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic array according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of a domain wall motion element of the magnetic array according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a second embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a third embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a sixth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a seventh embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to an eighth embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a ninth embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a tenth embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to an eleventh embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a domain wall motion element according to a modification
- the x-direction and the y-direction are directions substantially parallel to one surface of a substrate Sub (see FIG. 2), which will be described later.
- the x-direction is the direction in which the domain wall displacement layer 1, which will be described later, extends.
- the x-direction is an example of a first direction.
- the y-direction is a direction perpendicular to the x-direction.
- the z direction is the direction from the substrate Sub, which will be described later, toward the domain wall motion element.
- the +z direction may be expressed as “up” and the ⁇ z direction as “down”, but these expressions are for convenience and do not define the direction of gravity.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic array according to the first embodiment.
- the magnetic array 200 includes a plurality of domain wall motion elements 100, a plurality of first wirings WL, a plurality of second wirings CL, a plurality of third wirings RL, a plurality of first switching elements SW1, and a plurality of second wirings SW1.
- a switching element SW2 and a plurality of third switching elements SW3 are provided.
- the magnetic array 200 can be used, for example, in magnetic memories, sum-of-products operators, neuromorphic devices, spin memristors, and magneto-optical devices.
- Each of the first wirings WL is a write wiring.
- Each first wiring WL electrically connects a power source and one or more domain wall motion elements 100 .
- a power supply is connected to one end of the magnetic array 200 during use.
- Each of the second wirings CL is a common wiring.
- a common wiring is a wiring that can be used both when writing data and when reading data.
- Each of the second lines CL electrically connects the reference potential and one or more domain wall motion elements 100 .
- the reference potential is, for example, ground.
- the second wiring CL may be provided for each of the plurality of domain wall motion elements 100 or may be provided over the plurality of domain wall motion elements 100 .
- Each of the third wirings RL is a readout wiring.
- Each of the third wirings RL electrically connects the power supply and one or more domain wall motion elements 100 .
- a power supply is connected to one end of the magnetic array 200 during use.
- a first switching element SW1, a second switching element SW2, and a third switching element SW3 are connected to each of the plurality of domain wall motion elements 100.
- the first switching element SW1 is connected between the domain wall motion element 100 and the first wiring WL.
- the second switching element SW2 is connected between the domain wall motion element 100 and the second wiring CL.
- the third switching element SW3 is connected between the domain wall motion element 100 and the third wiring RL.
- the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the third switching element SW3 are elements that control the flow of current.
- the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the third switching element SW3 are, for example, a transistor, an element using a phase change of a crystal layer such as an Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS), or a metal-insulator transition switch. (MIT) devices that use band structure changes, devices that use breakdown voltages such as Zener diodes and avalanche diodes, and devices that change conductivity with changes in atomic positions.
- OTS Ovonic Threshold Switch
- MIT metal-insulator transition switch.
- any one of the first switching element SW1, the second switching element SW2, and the third switching element SW3 may be shared by the domain wall motion elements 100 connected to the same wiring.
- one first switching element SW1 is provided upstream (one end) of the first wiring WL.
- one second switching element SW2 is provided upstream (one end) of the second line CL.
- one third switching element SW3 is provided upstream (one end) of the third wiring RL.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the domain wall motion element 100 of the magnetic array 200 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross section of one domain wall motion element 100 in FIG. 1 taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the width of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the first switching element SW1 and the second switching element SW2 shown in FIG. 2 are transistors Tr.
- the transistor Tr has a gate electrode G, a gate insulating film GI, and a source S and a drain D formed on the substrate Sub.
- the source S and drain D are defined by the direction of current flow and are both active regions.
- FIG. 2 only shows an example, and the positional relationship between the source S and the drain D may be reversed.
- the substrate Sub is, for example, a semiconductor substrate.
- the third switching element SW3 is electrically connected to the third wiring RL, and is at a position shifted in the y direction in FIG. 2, for example.
- Each of the transistors Tr and the domain wall motion element 100 are electrically connected via wires w1 and w2.
- the wirings w1 and w2 contain a conductive material.
- the wiring w1 is a via wiring extending in the z direction.
- the wiring w2 is an in-plane wiring extending in any direction in the xy plane.
- the wirings w1 and w2 are formed in the openings of the insulating layer 90 .
- the insulating layer 90 is an insulating layer that insulates between wirings of multilayer wiring and between elements.
- the domain wall motion element 100 and the transistor Tr are electrically separated by an insulating layer 90 except for the wirings w1 and w2.
- the insulating layer 90 is made of, for example, silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon carbide (SiC), chromium nitride, silicon carbonitride (SiCN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO x ), magnesium oxide (MgO), and the like.
- FIG. 2 shows an example where the domain wall motion element 100 is above the substrate Sub with the insulating layer 90 interposed therebetween, the domain wall motion element 100 may be above the substrate Sub.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 100 taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- FIG. 3 is a cross section along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the domain wall motion element 100 viewed from the z direction.
- the arrows shown in the figure are examples of orientation directions of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic material.
- the domain wall motion element 100 has, for example, a magnetoresistance effect element 10, a first magnetization fixed layer 20, and a second magnetization fixed layer 30.
- the domain wall motion element 100 is, for example, a three-terminal element connected to three electrodes 40 , 41 and 42 .
- the periphery of the domain wall motion element 100 is covered with an insulating layer 90 .
- the magnetoresistive element 10 includes a domain wall displacement layer 1 , a nonmagnetic layer 2 and a reference layer 3 .
- the magnetoresistive element 10 includes, for example, a reference layer 3, a nonmagnetic layer 2, and a domain wall displacement layer 1 in this order from the side closer to the substrate Sub.
- a write current is passed along the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- a read current is passed between the electrode 40 and the electrode 41 or 42, and the current is applied to the magnetoresistive element 10 in the z direction.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 extends in the x direction.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 has a plurality of magnetic domains inside and a domain wall DW at the boundaries of the plurality of magnetic domains.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 is, for example, a layer that can magnetically record information by changing the magnetic state.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 is sometimes called an analog layer or a magnetic recording layer.
- the domain wall motion layer 1 has a magnetization fixed region A1, a magnetization fixed region A2, and a domain wall motion region A3.
- the magnetization fixed region A1 is a region that overlaps with the first magnetization fixed layer 20 when viewed from the z direction.
- the magnetization fixed region A2 is a region that overlaps with the second magnetization fixed layer 30 when viewed from the z direction.
- the domain wall motion region A3 is a region of the domain wall motion layer 1 other than the magnetization fixed region A1 and the magnetization fixed region A2.
- the domain wall motion region A3 is, for example, a region sandwiched between the magnetization fixed region A1 and the magnetization fixed region A2 in the x direction.
- the magnetization M A1 of the magnetization fixed region A1 is fixed by the magnetization M21 of the first magnetization fixed layer 20 .
- the magnetization M A2 of the magnetization fixed region A2 is fixed by the magnetization M30 of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 .
- the magnetization being fixed means that the magnetization is not reversed in normal operation of the domain wall motion element 100 (no external force beyond assumption is applied).
- the magnetization M A1 of the magnetization fixed region A1 and the magnetization M A2 of the magnetization fixed region A2 have opposite orientation directions, for example.
- the domain wall motion region A3 is a region in which the direction of magnetization changes and the domain wall DW can move.
- the domain wall motion region A3 has a first magnetic domain A3a and a second magnetic domain A3b.
- the magnetization M A3a of the first magnetic domain A3a and the magnetization M A3b of the second magnetic domain A3b have opposite orientation directions.
- the boundary between the first magnetic domain A3a and the second magnetic domain A3b is the domain wall DW.
- the magnetization M A3a of the first magnetic domain A3a is, for example, oriented in the same direction as the magnetization M A1 of the magnetization fixed region A1.
- the magnetization M A3b of the second magnetic domain A3b is, for example, oriented in the same direction as the magnetization M A2 of the magnetization fixed region A2.
- the domain wall DW moves within the domain wall motion region A3 and does not enter the magnetization fixed regions A1 and A2.
- the domain wall DW moves.
- the domain wall DW moves by applying a write current in the x direction of the domain wall motion region A3.
- a write current for example, a current pulse
- electrons flow in the -x direction opposite to the current, so the domain wall DW moves in the -x direction.
- current flows from the first magnetic domain A3a toward the second magnetic domain A3b electrons spin-polarized in the second magnetic domain A3b reverse the magnetization of the first magnetic domain A3a.
- the reversal of the magnetization of the first magnetic domain A3a causes the domain wall DW to move in the -x direction.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 contains a magnetic material.
- the domain wall displacement layer 1 may be a ferromagnetic material, a ferrimagnetic material, or a combination thereof with an antiferromagnetic material whose magnetic state can be changed by an electric current.
- the domain wall motion layer 1 preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Pt, Pd, Gd, Tb, Mn, Ge and Ga.
- Materials used for the domain wall displacement layer 1 include, for example, a Co and Ni laminated film, a Co and Pt laminated film, a Co and Pd laminated film, a CoFe and Pd laminated film, an MnGa-based material, a GdCo-based material, and a TbCo-based material. materials.
- Ferrimagnetic materials such as MnGa-based materials, GdCo-based materials, and TbCo-based materials have small saturation magnetization, and the threshold current required to move the domain wall DW is small.
- the laminated film of Co and Ni, the laminated film of Co and Pt, and the laminated film of Co and Pd have large coercive force, and the moving speed of the domain wall DW becomes slow.
- the antiferromagnetic material is, for example, Mn 3 X (X is Sn, Ge, Ga, Pt, Ir, etc.), CuMnAs, Mn 2 Au, or the like.
- the domain wall motion layer 1 can also be made of the same material as the reference layer 3 to be described later.
- the nonmagnetic layer 2 is located between the domain wall displacement layer 1 and the reference layer 3 .
- the nonmagnetic layer 2 is laminated on one surface of the reference layer 3 .
- the nonmagnetic layer 2 is made of, for example, a nonmagnetic insulator, semiconductor, or metal.
- Nonmagnetic insulators are, for example, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , and materials in which part of Al, Si, and Mg are replaced with Zn, Be, and the like. These materials have a large bandgap and excellent insulating properties.
- the nonmagnetic layer 2 is made of a nonmagnetic insulator, the nonmagnetic layer 2 is a tunnel barrier layer.
- Non-magnetic metals are, for example, Cu, Au, Ag, and the like.
- Non-magnetic semiconductors are, for example, Si, Ge, CuInSe2 , CuGaSe2 , Cu( In , Ga)Se2 and the like.
- the thickness of the nonmagnetic layer 2 is, for example, 20 ⁇ or more, and may be 25 ⁇ or more.
- the resistance area (RA) of the domain wall motion element 100 is increased.
- the resistance area (RA) of the domain wall motion element 100 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ m 2 or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the resistance area product (RA) of the domain wall motion element 100 is the product of the element resistance of one domain wall motion element 100 and the cross-sectional area of the domain wall motion element 100 (the area of the cross section obtained by cutting the nonmagnetic layer 2 along the xy plane). expressed.
- the reference layer 3 sandwiches the non-magnetic layer 2 together with the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the reference layer 3 is for example on the electrode 40 .
- the reference layer 3 may be laminated on the substrate Sub.
- the reference layer 3 is positioned to overlap with the domain wall displacement layer 1 in the z direction.
- the magnetization M3 of the reference layer 3 is more difficult to reverse than the magnetizations M A3a and M A3b of the domain wall motion region A3 of the domain wall motion layer 1 .
- the magnetization M3 of the reference layer 3 does not change its direction and is fixed when an external force that reverses the magnetizations M A3a and M A3b of the domain wall motion region A3 is applied.
- the reference layer 3 is sometimes called a magnetization fixed layer.
- the reference layer 3 may consist of multiple layers.
- it may have a plurality of ferromagnetic layers and an intermediate layer sandwiched between the plurality of ferromagnetic layers.
- Two ferromagnetic layers sandwiching an intermediate layer may be magnetically coupled to form a synthetic antiferromagnetic structure (SAF).
- SAF synthetic antiferromagnetic structure
- the reference layer 3 contains a ferromagnetic material.
- the reference layer 3 includes, for example, a material that facilitates obtaining a coherent tunnel effect with the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the reference layer 3 is, for example, a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Fe and Ni, an alloy containing one or more of these metals, or at least one of these metals and B, C, and N. Including alloys and the like containing elements of The reference layer 3 is, for example, Co--Fe, Co--Fe--B, Ni--Fe.
- the reference layer 3 may be, for example, a Heusler alloy.
- Heusler alloys are half-metals and have high spin polarization.
- a Heusler alloy is an intermetallic compound having a chemical composition of XYZ or X 2 YZ, where X is a transition metal element or noble metal element of the Co, Fe, Ni, or Cu group on the periodic table, and Y is Mn, V , Cr or Ti group transition metals or element species of X, and Z is a typical element of III to V groups.
- Examples of Heusler alloys include Co 2 FeSi, Co 2 FeGe, Co 2 FeGa, Co 2 MnSi, Co 2 Mn 1-a Fe a Al b Si 1-b , Co 2 FeGe 1-c Gac and the like.
- the first magnetization pinned layer 20 and the second magnetization pinned layer 30 are directly or indirectly connected to the domain wall motion layer 1 . Being indirectly connected means sandwiching another layer between the first magnetization pinned layer 20 and the domain wall motion layer 1 and between the second magnetization pinned layer 30 and the domain wall motion layer 1 .
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 are, for example, on the domain wall motion layer 1 .
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 are separated in the x direction.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20 fixes the magnetization MA1 of the magnetization fixed region A1 .
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30 fixes the magnetization MA2 of the magnetization fixed region A2 .
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20 has a first region R1, an intermediate layer 22 and a second region R2.
- the first region R ⁇ b>1 is closest to the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the first region R1 contacts the domain wall displacement layer 1, for example.
- the intermediate layer 22 is sandwiched between the first region R1 and the second region R2.
- the second region R2 contacts the intermediate layer 22 .
- the intermediate layer 22 is an example of a first intermediate layer.
- the first region R1 is composed of the ferromagnetic layer 21, and the second region R2 is composed of the ferromagnetic layer 23.
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 is closest to the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 is in contact with the domain wall displacement layer 1, for example.
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 is in contact with the intermediate layer 22, for example.
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 is an example of a first ferromagnetic layer.
- the ferromagnetic layer 23 is in contact with the intermediate layer 22, for example.
- the ferromagnetic layer 23 is an example of a second ferromagnetic layer.
- the film configuration differs between the first region R1 and the second region R2.
- the film configuration includes the film thickness, material, composition, and the order of lamination of layers constituting each region.
- the coercive force of the first region R1 is, for example, greater than the coercive force of the second region R2.
- the two ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 and sandwiching the intermediate layer 22 are ferromagnetically coupled. Therefore, the orientation direction of the magnetization M21 of the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the orientation direction of the magnetization M23 of the ferromagnetic layer 23 match.
- Ferromagnetic coupling may be interlayer exchange coupling or magnetostatic coupling. When the ferromagnetic coupling is magnetostatic coupling, the magnetizations M 21 and M 23 are highly stable because they are less susceptible to the state of the interface between the ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 and the intermediate layer 22 .
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the ferromagnetic layer 23 are the same as those of the reference layer 3 or the domain wall displacement layer 1 described above.
- the ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 may be multilayer films.
- the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the ferromagnetic layer 23 differ, for example, in film thickness, material, or composition.
- the intermediate layer 22 is a non-magnetic material.
- the material forming the intermediate layer 22 is, for example, the same as that of the non-magnetic layer 2 described above.
- the intermediate layer 22 contains, for example, one selected from the group consisting of MgO, Mg--Al--O, Mg, W, Mo, Ta, Pd, and Pt.
- the intermediate layer 22 is, for example, oxide. Oxides are generally harder and harder to process than metals. Although the details will be described later, the intermediate layer 22 is the same as the layer formed on the second magnetization fixed layer 30 during manufacturing. If the layer is hard, it acts as a stopper when processing the second magnetization pinned layer 30 and can suppress etching damage to the second magnetization pinned layer 30 .
- the intermediate layer 22 may be amorphous. Oxides and amorphous materials have high resistance and generate heat when current is applied. When the intermediate layer 22 generates heat, the magnetizations M 21 and M 23 of the adjacent ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 are disturbed, and the leakage magnetic field generated from the first magnetization fixed layer 20 is reduced.
- the leakage magnetic field from the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is x However, if there is a difference between the saturation magnetization of the entire first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the saturation magnetization of the entire second magnetization fixed layer 30, then also occur. A leakage magnetic field can be a cause of disturbing the behavior of the domain wall DW.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 is, for example, 1 nm or more. If the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 is sufficiently thick, the roughness of the ferromagnetic layer 23 is reduced. Further, the distance between the ferromagnetic layer 23 and the domain wall displacement layer 1 is increased, and the influence of the leakage magnetic field from the ferromagnetic layer 23 on the domain wall displacement layer 1 is reduced.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 may be sufficiently thin.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 may be at the atomic layer level, and the intermediate layer 22 may not constitute a complete layer.
- the intermediate layer 22 may be a discontinuous film interspersed with non-magnetic material, or may have openings. If the intermediate layer 22 has a discontinuous portion, the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the ferromagnetic layer 23 are partially in contact with each other, and the resistance value of the entire first magnetization fixed layer 20 decreases. When the resistance value of the entire first magnetization pinned layer 20 decreases, the voltage required for domain wall motion when a write current is applied to the domain wall motion layer 1 via the first magnetization pinned layer 20 decreases.
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is made of a ferromagnetic layer.
- the second magnetization pinned layer 30 is closest to the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is in contact with the domain wall displacement layer 1, for example.
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30 has the same film configuration as the ferromagnetic layer 21 of the first region R1. Although details will be described later, the second magnetization fixed layer 30 and the ferromagnetic layer 21 are layers formed at the same time.
- the orientation direction of the magnetization M30 of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is opposite to the orientation directions of the ferromagnetic layers 21 , 23 and the magnetizations M21, M23 of the first region R1.
- the electrode 40 is connected to the reference layer 3.
- the electrode 41 is connected to the first magnetization fixed layer 20 .
- Electrode 41 is an example of a first electrode.
- the electrode 42 is connected to the second magnetization fixed layer 30 .
- Electrode 42 is an example of a second electrode.
- the electrodes 40, 41, 42 contain a material having electrical conductivity.
- the electrodes 41 and 42 have different shapes.
- the volume of electrode 42 is larger than that of electrode 41 .
- the electrode 42 is connected to, for example, a second wiring CL that is a common wiring.
- the second wiring CL is used both at the time of writing and at the time of reading, and the volume of the electrode 42 increases and the resistance decreases, thereby reducing the parasitic resistance.
- the peripheral length L1 of the first surface 42a of the electrode 42 in contact with the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is, for example, shorter than the peripheral length L2 of the second surface 42b opposite to the first surface 42a.
- the magnetization direction of each layer of the domain wall motion element 100 can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the magnetization curve.
- the magnetization curve can be measured using, for example, MOKE (Magneto Optical Kerr Effect).
- MOKE Magnetic Optical Kerr Effect
- Measurement by MOKE is a measurement method in which linearly polarized light is incident on an object to be measured, and a magneto-optical effect (magnetic Kerr effect) in which the polarization direction of the object is caused to rotate is used.
- the domain wall motion element 100 has a first stacking process, a second stacking process, a first processing process, a second processing process, and a magnetization fixing process.
- 5 to 9 are diagrams for explaining the method of manufacturing the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the reference layer 3 containing a ferromagnetic material, the non-magnetic layer 2, and the domain wall displacement layer 1 containing a ferromagnetic material are sequentially stacked.
- a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, an electron beam vapor deposition method (EB vapor deposition method), an atomic laser deposition method, or the like can be used for stacking each layer.
- a first layer 81 containing a ferromagnetic material, a non-magnetic intermediate layer 82, and a second layer 83 containing a ferromagnetic material are sequentially laminated on the domain wall displacement layer 1. do.
- a laminate 80 having a first layer 81, an intermediate layer 82, and a second layer 83 is formed.
- the lamination method of each layer is the same as in the first lamination step.
- part of the laminate 80 is removed down to the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- Processing can be performed using photolithography, etching (for example, Ar etching), and the like.
- etching for example, Ar etching
- the laminate 86 is composed of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 , the intermediate layer 84 and the ferromagnetic layer 85 .
- At least the ferromagnetic layer 85 of the laminate 86 is removed as a second processing step.
- Intermediate layer 84 is more difficult to etch than ferromagnetic layer 85 .
- the intermediate layer 84 prevents the second magnetization fixed layer 30 from being etched by etching in the second processing step. As a result, a constant volume of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 remains, and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 exhibits a coercive force of a predetermined value or more.
- electrodes 41 and 42 are formed.
- the electrode 41 is formed on the first magnetization fixed layer 20 .
- the electrodes 42 are obtained by filling the openings formed in the second processing step with a conductor and laminating a conductive layer.
- a magnetization fixing step is performed on the manufactured domain wall motion element 100 .
- an external magnetic field H ex1 is applied to the domain wall motion element 100 in one direction (eg, ⁇ z direction).
- the magnetizations M 21 , M 23 , M 30 of each layer are oriented in the direction in which the external magnetic field H ex1 is applied (eg -z direction).
- an external magnetic field Hex2 is applied to the domain wall motion element 100 in a direction opposite to the external magnetic field Hex1 applied previously.
- the external magnetic field H ex2 is smaller than the external magnetic field H ex1 .
- the external magnetic field H ex2 is, for example, gradually increased from a sufficiently low intensity.
- the second region R2 has a smaller coercive force than the first region R1.
- the magnetization M23 of the ferromagnetic layer 23 having a small coercive force is first reversed by the application of the external magnetic field Hex2 . Since the second magnetization fixed layer 30 has a constant volume and a coercive force equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the magnetization M 30 is not reversed by the external magnetic field H ex2 .
- the magnetization M21 of the ferromagnetically coupled ferromagnetic layer 21 is reversed.
- the orientation directions of the magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic layers (the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30) in contact with the domain wall displacement layer 1 become opposite to each other.
- each second magnetization fixed layer 30 has a constant volume and a coercive force equal to or greater than a predetermined value. Therefore, it is possible to avoid unexpected reversal of the magnetization M30 of the second magnetization pinned layer 30 of some domain wall motion elements 100 by the external magnetic field H ex2 .
- the magnetization direction can be defined only by applying small external magnetic fields H ex1 and H ex2 .
- the resistance value between the ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 is lower than in the case of antiferromagnetic coupling.
- the resistance value between the ferromagnetic layer 21 and the ferromagnetic layer 23 decreases, the voltage required for the domain wall motion when the write current is applied to the domain wall motion layer 1 via the first magnetization fixed layer 20 decreases.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 101 according to the second embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 101 according to the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the configuration of the first magnetization fixed layer 20A.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20A has a first region R1, an intermediate layer 22, and a second region R2. As shown in FIG. 10, the first region R1 consists of a plurality of ferromagnetic layers 21 and 24, and the second region R2 consists of a ferromagnetic layer 23. As shown in FIG. The ferromagnetic layers 24 and 23 are in contact with the intermediate layer 22 . The ferromagnetic layer 24 is an example of a first ferromagnetic layer. The ferromagnetic layer 23 is an example of a second ferromagnetic layer. The ferromagnetic layer 21 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 have the same film configuration.
- the two ferromagnetic layers 24 and 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 and sandwiching the intermediate layer 22 are ferromagnetically coupled. Therefore, the orientation direction of the magnetization M24 of the ferromagnetic layer 24 and the orientation direction of the magnetization M23 of the ferromagnetic layer 23 match. Since the ferromagnetic layers 21 and 24 are in direct contact with each other, the orientation directions of the magnetizations M 21 and M 24 are the same.
- the material forming the ferromagnetic layer 24 is the same as that of the reference layer 3 described above.
- the ferromagnetic layer 24 differs from the ferromagnetic layer 21 in material or composition, for example.
- the domain wall motion element 101 according to the second embodiment can be produced by laminating another ferromagnetic layer between the first layer 81 and the intermediate layer 82 when forming the laminate 80 .
- the domain wall motion element 101 according to the second embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment. Further, since the first region R1 is composed of the plurality of ferromagnetic layers 21 and 24, the strength of ferromagnetic coupling and the strength of the coercive force of the first magnetization fixed layer 20A as a whole can be adjusted.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 102 according to the third embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 102 according to the third embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the first magnetization fixed layer 20B.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20B has a first region R1, an intermediate layer 22, and a second region R2. As shown in FIG. 11, the first region R1 is composed of the ferromagnetic layer 21, and the second region R2 is composed of a laminate of the ferromagnetic layer 23 and the intermediate layer 25. As shown in FIG. The ferromagnetic layer 21 is an example of a first ferromagnetic layer, and the ferromagnetic layer 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 among the plurality of ferromagnetic layers 23 is an example of a second ferromagnetic layer.
- the intermediate layer 25 has one or more layers. The intermediate layer 25 is an example of a second intermediate layer. Each intermediate layer 25 may be a single layer or multiple layers. Each of the intermediate layers 25 may be composed of, for example, multiple non-magnetic layers.
- the two ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 and sandwiching the intermediate layer 22 are ferromagnetically coupled.
- the two ferromagnetic layers 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 25 and sandwiching the intermediate layer 25 are ferromagnetically coupled.
- the intermediate layer 25 is made of the same material as the intermediate layer 22.
- Each of the intermediate layer 22 and the plurality of intermediate layers 25 may be made of the same material, or any one of them may differ from the other layers in material or thickness.
- the intermediate layer 25 is, for example, oxide.
- the intermediate layer 25 is amorphous, for example.
- the strength of the ferromagnetic coupling between the adjacent ferromagnetic layers 21 and 23 can be adjusted by the thickness, material, etc. of the intermediate layers 22 and 25 .
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 25 is, for example, 1 nm or more.
- the domain wall motion element 102 according to the third embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the height of the first magnetization fixed layer 20B is increased by inserting the intermediate layer 25, the influence of the leakage magnetic field generated from the upper surface of the first magnetization fixed layer 20B on the domain wall motion layer 1 can be reduced.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 103 according to the fourth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 103 according to the fourth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the first magnetization fixed layer 20C.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20C has a first region R1, an intermediate layer 26, and a second region R2. As shown in FIG. 12, the first region R1 consists of the ferromagnetic layer 21, and the second region R2 consists of the ferromagnetic layer 23. As shown in FIG.
- the intermediate layer 26 is composed of a plurality of nonmagnetic layers 26A, 26B.
- a material similar to that of the intermediate layer 22 can be used for each of the plurality of nonmagnetic layers 26A and 26B.
- the domain wall motion element 103 according to the fourth embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the intermediate layer 26 is composed of a plurality of non-magnetic layers 26A and 26B, the role played by the intermediate layer 22 as a single layer can be divided into the respective non-magnetic layers 26A and 26B.
- a suitable material as a stopper during milling can be selected for the nonmagnetic layer 26A, and a material that enhances the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic layer 23 can be selected for the nonmagnetic layer 26B.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 104 according to the fifth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 104 according to the fifth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the configurations of the first magnetization fixed layer 20D and the second magnetization fixed layer 30A.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 20D has a first region R1, an intermediate layer 22, and a second region R2.
- the ferromagnetic layer 29 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 in the first region R1 and the ferromagnetic layer 23 in contact with the intermediate layer 22 in the second region R2 are ferromagnetically coupled.
- the ferromagnetic layer 29 is an example of a first ferromagnetic layer
- the ferromagnetic layer 23 is an example of a second ferromagnetic layer.
- the first region R1 consists of the ferromagnetic layer 27, the intermediate layer 28 and the ferromagnetic layer 29, and the second region R2 consists of the ferromagnetic layer 23.
- the ferromagnetic layers 27 and 29 are antiferromagnetically coupled with the intermediate layer 28 interposed therebetween.
- the orientation direction of the magnetization M27 of the ferromagnetic layer 27 and the orientation direction of the magnetization M29 of the ferromagnetic layer 29 are opposite.
- the intermediate layer 28 is an example of a third intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer 28 is Ru, Ir, Rh, or the like, for example.
- the orientation direction of the magnetization M23 of the ferromagnetic layer 23 forming the second region R2 and the orientation direction of the magnetization M3 of the reference layer 3 are different. If the magnetization M23 of the ferromagnetic layer 23 located at the top layer of the domain wall motion element 104 and the magnetization M3 of the reference layer 3 located at the bottom layer are in an antiparallel relationship, the leakage magnetic field of the entire domain wall motion element 104 is can be reduced, and the influence on surrounding elements can be reduced.
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30A also has a ferromagnetic layer 31 , an intermediate layer 32 and a ferromagnetic layer 33 .
- the ferromagnetic layers 31 and 33 are antiferromagnetically coupled with the intermediate layer 32 interposed therebetween.
- the orientation direction of the magnetization M31 of the ferromagnetic layer 31 and the orientation direction of the magnetization M33 of the ferromagnetic layer 33 are opposite.
- the ferromagnetic layer 27 in contact with the domain wall motion layer 1 in the first region R1 and the ferromagnetic layer 31 in contact with the domain wall motion layer 1 in the second magnetization fixed layer 30A have the same film configuration.
- the intermediate layer 32 has the same structure as the intermediate layer 28
- the ferromagnetic layer 33 has the same structure as the ferromagnetic layer 29 .
- the intermediate layer 32 is Ru, Ir, Rh, or the like, for example.
- the domain wall motion element 104 according to the fifth embodiment can obtain the same effect as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment. Further, since the first region R1 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30A have a synthetic antiferromagnetic structure (SAF), leakage magnetic fields from the first region R1 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30A can be reduced.
- SAF synthetic antiferromagnetic structure
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 105 according to the sixth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 105 according to the sixth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the second magnetization fixed layer 30B.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the second magnetization fixed layer 30B has a ferromagnetic layer 34 and an intermediate layer 35.
- the intermediate layer 35 is an example of a fourth intermediate layer.
- Intermediate layer 35 is the residue of intermediate layer 84 after lamination 86 is milled.
- a ferromagnetic layer may also be provided between the intermediate layer 35 and the electrode 42 .
- Intermediate layer 35 comprises the same material as intermediate layer 22 .
- Intermediate layer 35 is formed at the same time as intermediate layer 22 .
- the domain wall motion element 105 according to the sixth embodiment can obtain the same effect as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 106 according to the seventh embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 106 according to the seventh embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the shape of the electrode 42A.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the electrode 42A covers part of the side surface of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 .
- the heat dissipation of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is improved.
- the stability of the magnetization M30 of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is improved.
- the domain wall motion element 106 according to the seventh embodiment can obtain the same effect as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 107 according to the eighth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1A in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 107 according to the eighth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the shape of the domain wall motion layer 1A.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the thickness of the domain wall displacement layer 1A is not constant.
- the thickness h2 of the domain wall displacement layer 1A at the contact portion contacting the first magnetization fixed layer 20 or the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is thicker than the thickness h1 at the midpoint in the x direction between the two contact portions.
- the upper surface of the domain wall displacement layer 1A is curved so as to be recessed toward the reference layer 3 .
- the upper surface of the domain wall displacement layer 1A is, for example, a smoothly curved surface that is recessed toward the reference layer 3 .
- the domain wall motion element 107 according to the eighth embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the thickness of the contact portion in contact with the first magnetization fixed layer 20 or the second magnetization fixed layer 30 is large, the current density at the contact portion becomes small, thereby further preventing the domain wall DW from entering the magnetization fixed regions A1 and A2. can be done.
- curving the upper surface of the domain wall motion layer 1A it is possible to prevent stress concentration from occurring at the interface between the insulating layer 90 and the domain wall motion layer 1A.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 108 according to the ninth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 108 according to the ninth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in that an insulating layer 91 is further provided.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the insulating layer 91 covers the outer surfaces of the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 .
- the outer side is a side located outside in the x direction.
- the outer surface is an example of a second side surface.
- the inner surfaces of the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 are covered with an insulating layer 90 .
- the inner surface is an example of a first side surface.
- FIG. 17 shows an example in which the x-direction side surfaces of the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 are covered with the insulating layer 91 , but the y-direction side surfaces are covered with the insulating layer 91 . good too.
- Insulating layer 91 is different from insulating layer 90 .
- the thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 91 is higher than that of the insulating layer 90, for example.
- insulating layer 91 is MgO and insulating layer 90 is SiO 2 .
- the domain wall motion element 108 according to the ninth embodiment can obtain the same effect as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the insulating layer 91 having excellent thermal conductivity is provided on the outer surface, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the magnetization stability of the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30 .
- the insulating layer 90 by covering the inner surface with the insulating layer 90, heat can be accumulated between the first magnetization fixed layer 20 and the second magnetization fixed layer 30, and the movement of the domain wall DW of the domain wall displacement layer 1 can be promoted.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 109 according to the tenth embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- a domain wall motion element 109 according to the tenth embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in that a conductive layer 50 is further provided.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the conductive layer 50 is in contact with the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the conductive layer 50 sandwiches the domain wall displacement layer 1 together with the non-magnetic layer 2 .
- the conductive layer 50 contains any one of metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, metal borides, metal carbides, metal silicides, and metal phosphides that have the function of generating a spin current by the spin Hall effect when current flows.
- the conductive layer 50 contains, for example, a non-magnetic heavy metal as a main element.
- the main element is the element with the highest ratio among the elements forming the conductive layer 50 .
- the conductive layer 50 contains, for example, a heavy metal having a specific gravity greater than or equal to yttrium (Y).
- Y yttrium
- a non-magnetic heavy metal has a large atomic number of 39 or more and has a d-electron or f-electron in the outermost shell, so a strong spin-orbit interaction occurs.
- the spin Hall effect is caused by spin-orbit interaction, and spins tend to be unevenly distributed in the conductive layer 50, and a spin current tends to occur.
- the conductive layer 50 contains, for example, one selected from the group consisting of Au, Hf, Mo, Pt, W, and Ta.
- the conductive layer 50 generates a spin current by the spin Hall effect when current flows, and injects spins into the domain wall displacement layer 1 .
- the conductive layer 50 gives spin-orbit torque (SOT) to the magnetization of the domain wall motion layer 1, for example.
- SOT spin-orbit torque
- a spin-orbit torque (SOT) generated by spins injected from the conductive layer 50 assists the movement of the domain wall DW.
- the domain wall DW of the domain wall displacement layer 1 is subject to spin-orbit torque (SOT) and becomes easy to move.
- the domain wall motion element 109 according to the tenth embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the spins injected from the conductive layer 50 to the domain wall motion layer 1 assist the movement of the domain wall DW, so that the domain wall DW can be efficiently moved and power consumption is small.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the domain wall motion element 110 according to the eleventh embodiment taken along the xz plane passing through the center of the domain wall motion layer 1 in the y direction.
- the domain wall motion element 110 according to the eleventh embodiment differs from the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment in the shape of the electrode 42B.
- the same reference numerals are given to the same configurations as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the electrode 42B overlaps the midpoint of the domain wall displacement layer 1 in the x direction when viewed from the z direction. That is, the electrode 42 faces most of the domain wall motion layer 1 and covers most of the domain wall motion layer 1 .
- the x-direction width of the first surface of the electrode 42B on the second magnetization fixed layer 30 side is longer than, for example, the x-direction width of the second magnetization fixed layer 30 and the x-direction width of the electrode 41 . Further, for example, the width in the x direction of the first surface of the electrode 42B on the second magnetization fixed layer 30 side is longer than half the width of the domain wall displacement layer 1 in the x direction.
- the domain wall motion element 110 according to the eleventh embodiment can obtain the same effects as the domain wall motion element 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the domain wall motion element 110 is excellent in heat dissipation.
- the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- the characteristic configurations of the respective embodiments may be combined, or part of them may be changed without changing the gist of the invention.
- each layer may be inclined with respect to the z-direction as shown in FIG. 20, for example.
- the x-direction side surface of the magnetoresistance effect element 10 is inclined with respect to the z-direction.
- the surface inclined with respect to the z-direction is not limited to the side surface in the x-direction, and the side surface in the y-direction may be inclined.
- Reference Signs List 1 1A domain wall displacement layer 2 nonmagnetic layer 3 reference layer 10 magnetoresistive element 20, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D first magnetization fixed layer 21, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 85... Ferromagnetic layers 22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 35, 82, 84... Intermediate layers 26A, 26B... Nonmagnetic layers 30, 30A, 30B... Second magnetization Fixed layer 40, 41, 42, 42A, 42B Electrode 42a First surface 42b Second surface 50 Conductive layer 80, 86 Laminate 81 First layer 83 Second layer , 90, 91... insulating layer 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110... domain wall motion element, R1... first region, R2... second region
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態にかかる磁気アレイの構成図である。磁気アレイ200は、複数の磁壁移動素子100と、複数の第1配線WLと、複数の第2配線CLと、複数の第3配線RLと、複数の第1スイッチング素子SW1と、複数の第2スイッチング素子SW2と、複数の第3スイッチング素子SW3と、を備える。磁気アレイ200は、例えば、磁気メモリ、積和演算器、ニューロモーフィックデバイス、スピンメモリスタ、磁気光学素子に利用できる。
図3は、磁壁移動素子100を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。図3は、図4のA-A線に沿った断面である。図4は、磁壁移動素子100をz方向から平面視した平面図である。図に示す矢印は、強磁性体の磁化の配向方向の一例である。
図10は、第2実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子101を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第2実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子101は、第1磁化固定層20Aの構成が第1実施形態と異なる。第2実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図11は、第3実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子102を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第3実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子102は、第1磁化固定層20Bの構成が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第3実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図12は、第4実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子103を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第4実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子103は、第1磁化固定層20Cの構成が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第4実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図13は、第5実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子104を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第5実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子104は、第1磁化固定層20D及び第2磁化固定層30Aの構成が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第4実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図14は、第6実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子105を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第6実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子105は、第2磁化固定層30Bの構成が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第6実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図15は、第7実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子106を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第7実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子106は、電極42Aの形状が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第7実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図16は、第8実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子107を磁壁移動層1Aのy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第8実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子107は、磁壁移動層1Aの形状が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第8実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図17は、第9実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子108を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第9実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子108は、絶縁層91をさらに備える点が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第9実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図18は、第10実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子109を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第10実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子109は、導電層50をさらに備える点が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第10実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
図19は、第11実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子110を磁壁移動層1のy方向の中心を通るxz平面で切断した断面図である。第11実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子110は、電極42Bの形状が、第1実施形態にかかる磁壁移動素子100と異なる。第11実施形態において、第1実施形態と同様の構成については同様の符号を付し、説明を省く。
Claims (27)
- 強磁性体を含む参照層及び磁壁移動層と、前記参照層と前記磁壁移動層との間にある非磁性層と、を有する磁気抵抗効果素子と、
前記磁壁移動層にそれぞれ直接的又は間接的に接し、互いに離間している第1磁化固定層と第2磁化固定層と、を備え、
前記第1磁化固定層は、前記磁壁移動層の最も近くにある第1領域と、前記第1領域に接する非磁性の第1中間層と、前記第1中間層に接する第2領域と、を有し、
前記第1領域は、前記第1中間層に接する第1強磁性層を有し、
前記第2領域は、前記第1中間層に接する第2強磁性層を有し、
前記第1強磁性層と前記第2強磁性層とは、強磁性結合し、
前記第1領域のうち前記磁壁移動層の最も近くにある強磁性層と、前記第2磁化固定層のうち前記磁壁移動層の最も近くにある強磁性層とは、膜構成が同じであり、
前記第1領域と前記第2領域とは、膜構成が異なる、磁壁移動素子。 - 前記第1領域は、複数の強磁性層を含む、請求項1に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2領域は、非磁性の第2中間層と、前記第2中間層を挟んで互いに強磁性結合する複数の強磁性層と、を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1中間層と前記第2中間層とは、材料又は厚みが異なる、請求項3に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2中間層を複数有し、
前記第1中間層と複数の前記第2中間層とのうちのいずれかは、他の層と材料又は厚みが異なる、請求項3に記載の磁壁移動素子。 - 前記第1中間層は、複数の非磁性層からなる、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1中間層の厚みは、1nm以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1中間層は、非磁性体が点在する不連続膜である、又は、開口を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1中間層は、酸化物又はアモルファスである、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2中間層は、複数の非磁性層からなる、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2中間層の厚みは、1nm以上である、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2中間層は、非磁性体が点在する不連続膜である、又は、開口を有する、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2中間層は、酸化物又はアモルファスである、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1領域は、非磁性の第3中間層と、前記第3中間層を挟んで互いに反強磁性結合する複数の強磁性層と、を有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1領域の保磁力は、前記第2領域の保磁力より大きい、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1強磁性層と前記第2強磁性層とは、静磁気結合している、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2領域を構成する強磁性層の磁化の配向方向と、前記参照層の磁化の配向方向とが、異なる、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1磁化固定層に接する第1電極と、前記第2磁化固定層に接する第2電極と、をさらに備え、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極とは、形状が異なる、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。 - 前記第2電極は、前記第2磁化固定層の側面の一部を被覆する、請求項18に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2電極は、前記第2磁化固定層に接する第1面の周囲長が、前記第1面と反対の第2面の周囲長より短い、請求項18又は19に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2電極は、積層方向から見て、前記磁壁移動層が延びる第1方向における前記磁壁移動層の中点と重なる、請求項18~20のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第1磁化固定層の前記第2磁化固定層側の第1側面を被覆する絶縁層と、前記第1側面と反対側の第2側面を被覆する絶縁層とは、材料が異なる、請求項1~21のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記磁壁移動層の厚さは、前記第1磁化固定層又は前記第2磁化固定層と直接または間接的に接する接触部分の方が、2つの前記接触部分の中間地点における厚さより厚い、請求項1~22のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 前記第2磁化固定層は、非磁性の第4中間層を有し、
前記第4中間層は、前記第1中間層と同じ材料を含む、請求項1~23のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。 - 前記磁壁移動層の前記非磁性層と反対側の面に接する導電層をさらに備える、請求項1~24のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子。
- 請求項1~25のいずれか一項に記載の磁壁移動素子を複数有する、磁気アレイ。
- 強磁性体を含む参照層、非磁性層、強磁性体を含む磁壁移動層を順に積層する工程と、
前記磁壁移動層上に、強磁性体を含む第1層、非磁性の中間層、強磁性体を含む第2層が順に積層された積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体の一部を前記磁壁移動層に至るまで除去し、互いに離間する2つの積層体を形成する工程と、
前記2つの積層体のうちの1方の前記第2層を少なくとも除去する工程と、を有する磁壁移動素子の製造方法。
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