WO2022181600A1 - 電池ユニットを備える電源 - Google Patents
電池ユニットを備える電源 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022181600A1 WO2022181600A1 PCT/JP2022/007201 JP2022007201W WO2022181600A1 WO 2022181600 A1 WO2022181600 A1 WO 2022181600A1 JP 2022007201 W JP2022007201 W JP 2022007201W WO 2022181600 A1 WO2022181600 A1 WO 2022181600A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery unit
- voltage
- power supply
- battery
- switching element
- Prior art date
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
- H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
- H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
- H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
- H01M2200/103—Fuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply that connects an SCP (self-control protector) in series with a battery unit.
- a power supply equipped with a battery unit has an SCP connected to the output side, and the SCP cuts off the current in the event of an abnormality.
- the SCP includes a fuse element connected in series with the battery unit, and a heater that heats and fuses the fuse element with Joule heat.
- the heater is arranged in close thermal contact with the fuse element, is connected to the battery unit via a switch, and generates Joule heat.
- the switch is turned on when there is an abnormality on the battery or load side.
- a switch in the ON state supplies power from the battery unit to the heater to cause the heater to generate heat.
- the heater generates heat when power is supplied from the battery unit, but if the power supplied from the battery unit to the heater is too small, the amount of heat generated by the heater due to Joule heat is small, and the fuse element cannot be heated to the fusing temperature and blown. Conversely, if the power supplied from the battery unit is too large, the fuse element will burn out and the fuse element will not be heated and fused.
- This protective element is required to set the power supplied from the battery unit to the heater within the set range in order to reliably blow the fuse element and cut off the current output within the set range of power supplied to the heater in the event of an abnormality. be.
- a battery unit in which multiple battery cells are connected in series is charged, the voltage rises, and when discharged, the voltage drops and the voltage fluctuates.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries which are used in a variety of applications due to their large charge-discharge capacity, have large voltage fluctuations relative to their remaining capacity. Since the voltage of the battery unit that has been discharged to nearly 0% changes significantly, the battery unit is connected to the heater and the supplied power changes significantly.
- the SCP (SFK-5045x), which sets the operating voltage of the heater that melts the fuse element to 43.7 to 62V, is commercially available.
- this SCP is connected to a battery unit in which 14 battery cells are connected in series and a voltage is supplied to the heater from the battery unit, the voltage of the battery cells, which is the operating voltage range of the heater, is 3.15 to 4 .35V. Therefore, when the cell voltage of the battery unit becomes 3.15 V or less, the SCP cannot be fused, and when the cell voltage drops to 3 V or less, the SCP cannot be fused to prohibit charging/discharging of the battery pack.
- Patent document 1 In order to prevent the above harmful effects, a power supply has been developed that supplies power from the battery unit to the heater through a constant current circuit.
- the power supply that supplies power from the battery unit to the heater of the SCP through a constant current circuit can heat the heater at a constant current regardless of voltage fluctuations in the battery unit, so even if the voltage of the battery unit changes, the heater calorific value can be kept constant. This is because the Joule heat that causes the heater to generate heat is specified by the product of the square of the current and the electrical resistance of the heater. Therefore, a power supply that supplies current from the battery unit to the heater through a constant current circuit heats the heater in a desirable state and blows the fuse element.
- the internal resistance of the circuit that lowers the voltage for example, the semiconductor element such as a transistor or FET generates heat due to Joule heat.
- the heat generated by semiconductor elements increases in proportion to the product of the square of the current and the internal resistance. Since the voltage is lowered by the internal resistance, even in short-time driving until the fuse element is fused, the circuit scale of the constant current circuit becomes large when considering heat generation, and the circuit configuration becomes complicated.
- the present invention was developed for the purpose of overcoming the above drawbacks, and an important object of the present invention is to provide a battery unit that can cut off the current by reliably blowing the fuse element of the SCP with a simple circuit configuration. To provide a power supply with
- a power supply comprising a battery unit includes a battery unit, an SCP (self-control protector) connected in series with the battery unit and interrupting charge/discharge current in an abnormal state, and an SCP connected to the battery unit. and a control circuit for controlling on/off of the switch.
- a battery unit includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series.
- the SCP includes a fuse element connected in series to the output side of the battery unit, and a heater connected to the battery unit to generate heat by Joule heat and melt the fuse element.
- the switch includes a plurality of switching elements each having one terminal connected to the heater and the other terminal connected to a plurality of different voltage terminals having different voltages of the battery unit.
- the control circuit includes a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage of the battery unit or the battery cell, and a selection circuit that selects a switching element to be switched to an ON state based on the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit. Selecting the switching element to switch to the ON state, the switching element in the ON state connects the battery unit to the heater and blows the fuse element.
- a power supply equipped with the above battery unit can reliably blow the fuse element of the SCP and cut off the current with a simple circuit configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power supply including a battery unit according to one embodiment of the present invention
- a power source equipped with a battery unit includes a battery unit, an SCP (self-control protector) connected in series with the battery unit and interrupting charge/discharge current in an abnormal state, and an SCP connected to the battery unit. and a control circuit for on/off controlling the switch, the battery unit comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and the SCP is a fuse element connected in series to the output side of the battery unit. and a heater that is connected to the battery unit and generates heat by Joule heat to melt the fuse element.
- a plurality of switching elements connected to terminals are provided, and the control circuit includes a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage of the battery unit or the battery cell, and a selection that selects the switching element that is switched to the ON state based on the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit.
- a selection circuit selects a switching element to be turned on in an abnormal state, and the switching element in the on state connects the battery unit to the heater and fuses the fuse element.
- the above power supply selects the different voltage terminal that connects the heater to the battery unit according to the voltage change of the battery unit or battery cell, so even if the voltage of the battery unit or battery cell fluctuates, By setting the voltage supplied to the heater within a set range, the heater can be heated by the battery unit and the fuse element can be reliably fused. Since a battery unit has a plurality of battery cells connected in series, the voltage at the connection point where the battery cells are connected in series is an integer multiple of the cell voltage from the negative side to the positive side of the battery unit. becomes. Since the cell voltage varies with the remaining capacity, it is not constant, but the voltage at the different voltage terminal gradually increases from the minus side toward the plus side connection point.
- the total voltage is 10 times the cell voltage, and the voltage at the different voltage terminal at the intermediate connection point is 5 times, so the cell voltage is the maximum voltage.
- the cell voltage drops to 1/2, the total voltage of the battery unit is supplied to the heater via the switching element, and when the cell voltage rises to the maximum voltage, the switching connected to the different voltage terminal at the intermediate connection point The same voltage can be supplied to the heater by energizing the heater from the element.
- the above power supply uses, for example, an SCP (SFK3045x) that sets the operating voltage of the heater that melts the fuse element to 22.3 to 31.5 V, and switches the first to third switching elements with the voltage of the battery cell. 7th, 9th, and 12th battery cells are selected to supply voltage to the heater and turned on, the operating voltage of the heater is set within the above range, and the fuse element is fused. can.
- SCP SCP
- SFK3045x sets the operating voltage of the heater that melts the fuse element to 22.3 to 31.5 V, and switches the first to third switching elements with the voltage of the battery cell.
- 7th, 9th, and 12th battery cells are selected to supply voltage to the heater and turned on, the operating voltage of the heater is set within the above range, and the fuse element is fused. can.
- the first switching element supplies a voltage to the heater from 7 series battery cells within a range of 3.2 to 4.35V cell voltage. With the above cell voltage, the heater supply voltage is 22.4 to 30.45V.
- the second switching element supplies voltage to the heater from 9 battery cells in the range of 2.5 to 3.5V cell voltage. With the above cell voltage, the heater supply voltage is 22.5 to 31.5V.
- the third switching element supplies a voltage from the 12-line battery cells to the heater within a range of 1.9 to 2.6V cell voltage. With the above cell voltage, the supply voltage of the heater is 22.8 to 31.2V.
- the control circuit comprises a detection section for detecting an abnormal state, and in a state where the detection section detects the abnormal state, the switching element is turned on to melt the fuse element. .
- a power supply comprising a battery unit includes an AFE (analog front end) that detects the voltage of each battery cell and an MPU (microprocessor unit) that detects the total voltage of the battery unit.
- AFE analog front end
- MPU microprocessor unit
- a power supply including a battery unit, wherein the detection unit has an overcharge detection unit that detects overcharge of the battery unit, and the overcharge detection unit detects overcharge of the battery unit and detects SCP. fuse element.
- the overcharge detector directly controls the switching element to melt the fuse element of the SCP. It has the advantage of being able to reliably prohibit overcharging and prevent overcharging.
- the detection unit detects the temperature of the battery unit or battery cells, compares the detected temperature with a threshold value, and determines an abnormal state.
- a power supply comprising a battery unit according to another embodiment of the present invention has a diode connected in series with each switching element in the conducting direction of the switching element.
- the above battery has the advantage that multiple switching elements can be controlled together to turn on the SCP fuse element reliably. This is because the switching elements that are switched to the ON state at the same time are supplied with the voltage only from the switching element to which the maximum voltage is supplied. This power supply also realizes the feature that the fuse element of the SCP can be reliably fused by turning on a plurality of switching elements in the boundary region of the cell voltage that selects each switching element.
- a power supply equipped with a battery unit according to another embodiment of the present invention uses FETs as switching elements.
- the power source 100 in FIG. 1 is connected in series to the battery unit 1 and the output side of the battery unit 1, and SCP3 (self-control protector) that cuts off charging and discharging current in an abnormal state of the battery unit 1 and the load, and SCP3.
- a switch 6 connected to the battery unit 1 to supply power to the heater 5 of the SCP 3 by the power of the battery unit 1 to melt the fuse element 4, and a control circuit 7 to turn on/off the switch 6 in an abnormal state.
- the battery unit 1 includes a plurality of battery cells 2 connected in series.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery having a large charge/discharge capacity is suitable for the battery cell 2 .
- the present invention does not specify the battery cell to be a lithium ion secondary battery, and battery cells include all secondary batteries currently used or developed in the future, such as nickel metal hydride batteries and all-solid batteries. Available.
- the battery unit 1 connects a plurality of battery cells 2 in series to increase the output voltage.
- the voltage at the intermediate connection point connecting the plurality of battery cells 2 in series increases stepwise.
- the voltage at the connection point of the battery cells 2 increases from the negative side to the positive side. Since it becomes an integral multiple and gradually increases, the voltage at the intermediate connection point connecting the battery cells 2 in series gradually increases.
- the battery unit 1 of FIG. 1 is connected to the heater 5 of the SCP 3 via the switching element 10 using the intermediate connection point with different voltage as the different voltage terminal 11 .
- Different voltage terminal 11 is provided to adjust the voltage supplied to heater 5 of SCP 3 .
- the voltage of the battery unit 1 changes from a fully charged state to a completely discharged state.
- a lithium ion secondary battery has a voltage of 4.2 V when fully charged and 2.8 V when completely discharged.
- the total voltage varies from 28V to 42V, and the battery unit 1 with 14 battery cells 2 connected in series varies from 39.2V to 58.8V.
- the battery unit 1 includes a plurality of different battery cells 2 connected in series in order to supply a voltage within a set range to the heater 5 of the SCP 3 via a switching element 10 from a plurality of battery cells 2 with varying voltages.
- a voltage terminal 11 is provided.
- the switching element 10 is connected to the different voltage terminal 11 that increases the number of serially connected battery cells 2 that supply power to the heater 5 of the SCP 3, and conversely, the voltage of the battery cell 2 increases.
- the switching element 10 is connected to the different voltage terminal 11 where the number of battery cells 2 connected in series is small, and the supply voltage to the heater 5 of the SCP 3 is adjusted within the set range.
- the battery unit 1 of FIG. 1 is provided with first to third different voltage terminals 11a, 11b, and 11c.
- the battery unit 1 switches the different voltage terminal 11 connected to the SCP3 and outputs a voltage within a set range to the SCP3 in a state where the voltage of the battery cell 2 changes.
- the SCP3 of the surface-mounted fuse "SFK3045x" manufactured by Dexerial Corporation has a supply voltage range of 22.3 to 31.5V, but this SCP3 has the following first to third different voltage terminals 11a, 11b , 11c through the switching element 10 to the SCP 3 so that the fuse element 4 can be fused.
- the first different voltage terminal 11a is connected to the SCP 3 in a state where the cell voltage changes from 3.2 to 4.35 V, and the output voltage from the 7-line battery cell 2 is 22.4 to 30.45 V. Become.
- the second different voltage terminal 11b is connected to the SCP 3 in a state where the cell voltage changes from 2.5 to 3.5 V, and the output voltage from the 9-line battery cell 2 is 22.5 to 31.5 V.
- the third different voltage terminal 11c is connected to the SCP 3 in a state where the cell voltage changes from 1.9 to 2.6V, and the output voltage from the 12-series battery cell 2 becomes 22.8 to 31.2V. .
- the switch 6 has a plurality of switching elements 10 connected to a plurality of different voltage terminals 11 .
- the power supply 100 of FIG. 1 includes first to third switching elements 10a, 10b, 10c connected to first to third different voltage terminals 11a, 11b, 11c. Since the switch 6 connects each different voltage terminal 11 to the SCP 3 , it consists of the same number of switching elements 10 as the different voltage terminals 11 .
- the battery unit 1 is provided with three sets of different voltage terminals 11, so three sets of switching elements 10 are used.
- a power supply having four or more sets of different voltage terminals as a set of switching elements connects each different voltage terminal to an SCP via four or more sets of switching elements.
- the first to third switching elements 10a, 10b, 10c preferably use FETs.
- the power supply 100 of FIG. 1 uses an n-channel FET for each switching element 10, the drain is connected to the SCP 3 via the diode 12, the source is connected to the battery unit 1, and the gate is connected to the control circuit 7.
- the switching element 10 is an n-channel FET, but the switching element can be a p-channel FET, a bipolar transistor, or any other semiconductor switching element that can be switched on and off.
- the switch 6 in FIG. 1 connects the diode 12 in series with the switching element 10 .
- the diode 12 is connected in the conducting direction of the switching element 10 in the ON state.
- a diode 12 connected to the switching element 10 allows a current to flow from the drain to the source in the n-channel FET shown in FIG. FET is switched to the ON state, power is supplied to the heater 5 of SCP 3 only from the FET connected to the different voltage terminal 11 of the maximum voltage.
- the power supply 100 in FIG. 1 turns on the first switching element 10a when the cell voltage of the battery unit 1 is in the range of 3.2 to 4.35V, and turns on the second switching element 10a when the cell voltage is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5V.
- the switching element 10b is turned on, and the third switching element 10c is turned on when the cell voltage is in the range of 1.9 to 2.6V.
- the first switching element 10a and the second switching element 10b are turned on.
- the current in the first switching element 10a is blocked by the diode 12, although it passes through.
- the second switching element 10b and the third switching element 10c are switched to the ON state.
- the current of the switching element 10c of No. 3 becomes the forward current of the diode 12, but the current of the second switching element 10b becomes the reverse current of the diode 12.
- the power supply 100 in which the diode 12 is connected in series with each switching element 10 switches the plurality of switching elements 10 to the ON state at the boundary voltage at which the cell voltage selects the switching element 10 to switch the battery unit 1 on. It has the feature that the current can be reliably supplied to the SCP 3 from the fuse element 4 of the SCP 3 to blow the fuse element 4. In particular, in the entire range of fluctuating cell voltages, the SCP 3 can be reliably energized from the battery unit 1 to heat the fuse element 4 by the heater 5 and melt it.
- Control circuit 7 In an abnormal state, the control circuit 7 switches the switching element 10 from off to on to energize the heater 5 of the SCP 3 from the battery unit 1 to melt the fuse element 4 .
- the control circuit 7 includes a voltage detection circuit 8 that detects the voltage of the battery unit 1 or the battery cell 2, and a selection circuit 9 that selects the switching element 10 to be turned on based on the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit 8. .
- the selection circuit 9 selects the switching element 10 to be turned on in an abnormal state, connects the battery unit 1 to the heater 5 through the switching element 10 in the on state, and fuses the fuse element 4 .
- the control circuit 7 selects the switching element 10 according to the voltage of the battery cell 2 and supplies a voltage within a predetermined set range from the battery unit 1 to the SCP 3 .
- an abnormal state is, for example, a state in which the current of the battery unit 1 is interrupted to achieve safety, a state in which the battery unit 1 is protected, or the like.
- the fuse element 4 of the SCP3 connected to the output side of the unit 1 is fused to cut off the current.
- the control circuit 7 controls the state in which the total voltage of the battery unit 1 or the voltage of the battery cell 2 exceeds the maximum threshold voltage or is equal to or lower than the minimum threshold voltage, the battery unit 1 or the battery cell 2 is overcharged, or Abnormal states include over-discharge, battery unit 1 or battery cell 2 current exceeding the maximum threshold current, battery unit 1 or battery cell 2 temperature exceeding the maximum threshold temperature, or being below the minimum threshold temperature. I judge.
- various other conditions that reduce the safety of the power supply for example, can also be determined as an abnormal condition.
- the control circuit 7 includes a detection section 16 that detects an abnormal state.
- the detection unit 16 detects an abnormal state, switches the switching element 10 from off to on, and fuses the fuse element 4 of the SCP 3 .
- the control circuit 7 detects the voltage of the battery cell 2 with the voltage detection circuit 8 and selects the switching element 10 to be switched from off to on by the selection circuit 9 .
- the control circuit 7 of FIG. 1 includes an AFE (analog front end) 13 that detects the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery unit 1 and each battery cell 2 as a detection unit 16, converts them into digital signals, and outputs the digital signals. It has an MPU (microprocessor unit) 14 that calculates a digital signal output from the AFE 13 and an overcharge detector 15 that detects overcharge by detecting the voltage of the battery unit 1 .
- AFE analog front end
- MPU microprocessor unit
- An AFE (analog front end) 13 has a voltage detection circuit 8 that detects the voltage of each battery cell 2
- an MPU (microprocessor unit) 14 has a voltage detection circuit 8 that detects the total voltage of the battery unit 1. ing.
- the detection unit 16 can determine abnormality by comparing the cell voltage of the battery cell 2 detected by the AFE 13 and the total voltage of the battery unit 1 detected by the MPU 14 with threshold values. Furthermore, the detection unit 16 can also detect the temperature of the battery unit 1 or the battery cell 2 and compare the detected temperature with a threshold value to determine an abnormal state.
- the detection unit 16 shown in FIG. 1 includes a temperature sensor 17 and detects the temperature of the battery unit 1 or the battery cell 2 via the temperature sensor 17 .
- the MPU 14 calculates the digital signal input from the AFE 13 to calculate the remaining capacity of the battery unit 1 and the battery cell 2, compares the remaining capacity and the detected voltage with a threshold value, determines an abnormal state, and determines an abnormal state. In this state, an ON voltage is output to the gate of the switching element 10 .
- the power supply 100 of FIG. 1 uses an n-channel FET for the switching element 10, the drain is connected to the heater 5 of the SCP 3 via the diode 12, the source is connected to the battery unit 1, and the gate is connected to the MPU 14. inputs to the gate a voltage at which the gate voltage with respect to the source becomes the ON voltage, and switches the switching element 10 from off to on.
- the MPU 14 has a selection circuit 9 that selects the first, second, and third switching elements 10a, 10b, and 10c according to the cell voltage of the battery unit 1 and switches them from off to on.
- the selection circuit 9 turns the first switching element 10a from off to on when the cell voltage is in the range of 3.2 to 4.35V, and turns on the second switching element when the cell voltage is in the range of 2.5 to 3.5V.
- 10b is turned on from off, and when the cell voltage is in the range of 1.9 to 2.6V, the third switching element 10c is turned on from off.
- the selection circuit 9 selects the switching element 10 to be switched on from the first switching element 10a to the second switching element 10 so that at least one switching element 10 can be switched from off to on when the cell voltage gradually decreases.
- both the first switching element 10a and the second switching element 10b are turned on, and in an abnormal state, one of the switching elements 10 is reliably turned on.
- the above-described power supply 100 has the feature that, in an abnormal state, any one of the switching elements 10 can be reliably turned on so that the SCP 3 can cut off the current.
- each switching element 10 has a diode 12 connected in series, a plurality of switching elements 10 are turned on, and a plurality of different voltage terminals 11 are connected via the plurality of switching elements 10 that have been turned on. is connected to the heater 5 of SCP3, but in this state only one different voltage terminal 11 supplies power to SCP3.
- the plurality of switching elements 10 connect the positive side and the negative side of the battery cell 2, but the diode 12 cuts off the discharge current of the battery cell 2 and prevents short current from flowing. do.
- the overcharge detector 15 detects the total voltage of the battery unit 1 and switches the first switching element 10a from off to on. Since the overcharge detector 15 detects overcharge of the battery unit 1, the cell voltage is high in this state, and the overcharge detector 15 switches the first switching element 10a from off to on. Therefore, the first switching element 10a is switched from OFF to ON when ON voltage is input to the gate thereof from both the MPU 14 and the overcharge detection unit 15 . In the power supply 100 described above, both the MPU 14 and the overcharge detector 15 switch the first switching element 10a from off to on. 1 switching element 10a can be switched from off to on to cut off the charging current at SCP3.
- the power supply 100 in FIG. 1 connects a discharge switching element 19 that cuts off the discharge current and a charge switching element 18 that cuts off the charge current in series with the output side of the battery unit 1, and connects the discharge switching element 19 and the charge switching element 18 that cuts off the charging current.
- the AFE 13 controls the charging switching element 18 to be turned on and off. When the detected voltage of the battery unit 1 or the battery cell 2 becomes lower than the minimum voltage, the AFE 13 switches the discharge switching element 19 from ON to OFF to cut off the discharge current, and when the detected voltage becomes higher than the maximum voltage, the AFE 13 switches the charge switching element 18 from ON to OFF. Switch off to cut off the charging current.
- the present invention is a power supply having a battery unit, and is particularly suitable for a power supply that has an SCP (self-control protector) on the output side of the battery unit and cuts off current with the SCP in the event of an abnormality.
- SCP self-control protector
- SYMBOLS 100... Power supply 1... Battery unit 2... Battery cell 3... SCP 4 Fuse element 5 Heater 6 Switch 7 Control circuit 8 Voltage detection circuit 9 Selection circuit 10 Switching element 10a First switching element 10b Second switching element 10c Third switching element 11 Different voltage terminal 11a First different voltage terminal 11b Second different voltage terminal 11c Third different voltage terminal 12 Diode 13 AFE 14 MPU DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15... Overcharge detection part 16... Detection part 17... Temperature sensor 18... Charge switching element 19... Discharge switching element
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Abstract
Description
第2のスイッチング素子は、セル電圧を2.5~3.5Vとする範囲で9直の電池セルからヒーターに電圧を供給する。以上のセル電圧でヒーターの供給電圧は22.5~31.5Vとなる。
第3のスイッチング素子は、セル電圧を1.9~2.6Vとする範囲で12直の電池セルからヒーターに電圧を供給する。以上のセル電圧でヒーターの供給電圧は22.8~31.2Vとなる。
さらに以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術思想の具体例を示すものであって、本発明を以下に限定するものではない。また、以下に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対的配置等は、特定的な記載がない限り、本発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、例示することを意図したものである。また、一の実施の形態、実施例において説明する内容は、他の実施の形態、実施例にも適用可能である。また、図面が示す部材の大きさや位置関係等は、説明を明確にするため、誇張していることがある。
図1の電源100は、電池ユニット1と、電池ユニット1の出力側に直列に接続されて、電池ユニット1や負荷の異常状態では充放電電流を遮断するSCP3(セルフコントロールプロテクタ)と、SCP3を電池ユニット1に接続して電池ユニット1の電力でSCP3のヒーター5に電力を供給してヒューズエレメント4を溶断するスイッチ6と、異常状態においてスイッチ6をオンオフ制御する制御回路7とを備える。
電池ユニット1は、互いに直列接続してなる複数の電池セル2を備える。電池セル2は充放電容量の大きいリチウムイオン二次電池などの非水電解液二次電池が適している。ただし、本発明は、電池セルをリチウムイオン二次電池に特定するものでなく、電池セルには現在使用され、あるいはこれから開発される全ての二次電池、たとえばニッケル水素電池や全個体電池なども使用できる。
第1の異電圧端子11aは、セル電圧が3.2~4.35Vに変化する状態でSCP3に接続されて、7直の電池セル2からの出力電圧は、22.4~30.45Vとなる。
第2の異電圧端子11bは、セル電圧が2.5~3.5Vに変化する状態でSCP3に接続されて、9直の電池セル2からの出力電圧は、22.5~31.5Vとなる。
第3の異電圧端子11cは、セル電圧が1.9~2.6Vに変化する状態でSCP3に接続されて、12直の電池セル2からの出力電圧は22.8~31.2Vとなる。
スイッチ6は、複数の異電圧端子11に接続している複数のスイッチング素子10を備える。図1の電源100は、第1~第3の異電圧端子11a、11b、11cに接続される第1~第3のスイッチング素子10a、10b、10cを備える。スイッチ6は、各々の異電圧端子11をSCP3に接続するので、異電圧端子11と同数のスイッチング素子10からなる。図1の電源100は、電池ユニット1に3組の異電圧端子11を設けているので、3組のスイッチング素子10を使用するが、異電圧端子を2組とする電池ユニットの電源は、2組のスイッチング素子を、異電圧端子を4組以上とする電源は、4組以上のスイッチング素子を介して各々の異電圧端子をSCPに接続する。
制御回路7は異常状態において、スイッチング素子10をオフからオンに切り換えて、電池ユニット1からSCP3のヒーター5に通電してヒューズエレメント4を溶断する。制御回路7は、電池ユニット1又は電池セル2の電圧を検出する電圧検出回路8と、電圧検出回路8の検出電圧で、オン状態に切り換えるスイッチング素子10を選択する選択回路9とを備えている。選択回路9は、異常状態において、オン状態に切り換えるスイッチング素子10を選択して、オン状態のスイッチング素子10を介して電池ユニット1をヒーター5に接続してヒューズエレメント4を溶断する。制御回路7は、電池セル2の電圧でスイッチング素子10を選択して、電池ユニット1からSCP3に、所定の設定範囲の電圧を供給する。
1…電池ユニット
2…電池セル
3…SCP
4…ヒューズエレメント
5…ヒーター
6…スイッチ
7…制御回路
8…電圧検出回路
9…選択回路
10…スイッチング素子
10a…第1のスイッチング素子
10b…第2のスイッチング素子
10c…第3のスイッチング素子
11…異電圧端子
11a…第1の異電圧端子
11b…第2の異電圧端子
11c…第3の異電圧端子
12…ダイオード
13…AFE
14…MPU
15…過充電検出部
16…検出部
17…温度センサ
18…充電スイッチング素子
19…放電スイッチング素子
Claims (7)
- 電池ユニットと、
前記電池ユニットと直列に接続されて異常状態で充放電電流を遮断するSCP(セルフコントロールプロテクタ)と、
前記SCPを前記電池ユニットに接続してなるスイッチと、
前記スイッチをオンオフ制御する制御回路とを備える電源であって、
前記電池ユニットは、互いに直列接続されてなる複数の電池セルを備え、
前記SCPは、
前記電池ユニットの出力側に直列に接続されてなるヒューズエレメントと、
前記電池ユニットに接続されてジュール熱で発熱して前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断するヒーターとを備え、
前記スイッチは、
一方の端子を前記ヒーターに接続して、
他方の端子を前記電池ユニットの電圧が異なる複数の異電圧端子に接続してなる複数のスイッチング素子を備え、
前記制御回路は、
前記電池ユニット又は前記電池セルの電圧を検出する電圧検出回路と、
前記電圧検出回路の検出電圧で、オン状態に切り換える前記スイッチング素子を選択する選択回路とを備え、
異常状態において前記選択回路が、
オン状態に切り換える前記スイッチング素子を選択して、
オン状態の前記スイッチング素子が前記電池ユニットを前記ヒーターに接続して前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断することを特徴とする電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項1に記載の電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
前記制御回路が異常状態を検出する検出部を備え、前記検出部が異常状態を検出する状態で、前記スイッチング素子をオン状態として前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断する電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項2に記載の電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
前記検出部が、
各々の前記電池セルの電圧を検出するAFE(アナログフロントエンド)と、
前記電池ユニットの総電圧を検出するMPU(マイクロプロセッサユニット)とを備え、
前記AFEが検出する電池セルのセル電圧と、前記MPUが検出する電池ユニットの総電圧を閾値に比較して異常判定する電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
前記検出部が、前記電池ユニットの過充電を検出する過充電検出部を有し、
前記過充電検出部が、前記電池ユニットの過充電を検出して前記SCPのヒューズエレメントを溶断する電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項2ないし4のいずれか一に記載の電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
前記検出部が、前記電池ユニット又は前記電池セルの温度を検出し、検出温度を閾値に比較して異常状態を判定する電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれか一に記載の電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
各々の前記スイッチング素子と直列に、前記スイッチング素子の通電方向にダイオードを接続してなる電池ユニットを備える電源。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載する電池ユニットを備える電源であって、
前記スイッチング素子がFETである電池ユニットを備える電源。
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CN202280015151.7A CN116830417A (zh) | 2021-02-24 | 2022-02-22 | 具备电池单元的电源 |
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JP2006109596A (ja) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-20 | Sony Chem Corp | 保護回路 |
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