WO2022178943A1 - 一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2022178943A1
WO2022178943A1 PCT/CN2021/084382 CN2021084382W WO2022178943A1 WO 2022178943 A1 WO2022178943 A1 WO 2022178943A1 CN 2021084382 W CN2021084382 W CN 2021084382W WO 2022178943 A1 WO2022178943 A1 WO 2022178943A1
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crucible
diffusion
temperature
self
locking
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PCT/CN2021/084382
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English (en)
French (fr)
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程开明
郑彦
周吉学
詹成伟
孙佳星
王瑨
刘运腾
修大鹏
王西涛
唐守秋
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山东省科学院新材料研究所
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/04—Crucibles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8411—Application to online plant, process monitoring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of detection of diffusion growth of intermetallic compounds, and in particular relates to a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the preparation process of the diffusion couple usually includes: cutting the solid alloy at both ends of the diffusion couple into sufficiently small regular cuboids, metallographically polishing the two surfaces in contact with the diffusion, clamping with tantalum clamps and vacuum sealing in a quartz tube, It is annealed at a certain temperature and time in a type furnace, and finally a compound diffusion layer is formed between the two metals.
  • the limitations of traditional material analysis and detection methods on the existence of diffusion couples mainly include: 1. Pre-diffusion heat treatment should be performed on the diffusion couple before the experimental detection, the purpose of which is to form a certain diffusion layer for subsequent observation, but it will lead to the inability to obtain compounds 2.
  • the shape of the diffusion couple is required to be regular and the volume is small (about 8 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 3 mm cuboid), otherwise the tantalum clamp is difficult to tighten the sample, so that the compound cannot be generated, which increases the diffusion couple sample. Difficulty in preparation and processing; 3.
  • the pre-diffusion process needs to be vacuum sealed in a quartz tube to prevent oxidation, resulting in multiple processing steps before the sample is taken out for observation, reducing the detection accuracy.
  • the present invention provides a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples and a preparation method and application thereof, which can realize the preparation and in-situ observation of diffusion couples in one step, reduce experimental steps, improve the efficiency of experimental information acquisition and Accuracy.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples, comprising: a circular crucible body, a first inner side plate, and a second inner side plate; holes are provided on the wall of the circular crucible body ;
  • the first inner side plate is located inside the circular crucible body, is movably connected with the crucible wall, and can move around the inner wall of the crucible.
  • the second inner plate is provided with holes, the crucible holes communicate with the holes of the second inner plate, and the second inner plate and the circular crucible body are connected at the holes by screws to realize the self-locking function.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples, that is, using a powder metallurgy method to prepare the self-locking crucible, specifically:
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for in-situ detection of diffusion couples using the above-mentioned crucible, specifically:
  • the invention provides a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples.
  • Using the crucible for detection of diffusion couples can realize the preparation and in-situ observation of diffusion couples in one step. Experimental efficiency and assay precision.
  • different matching crucibles are selected for different alloys and heat treatment temperatures to avoid sample contamination caused by common crucibles.
  • the method of the present invention can be used for in-situ observation of diffusion couples with irregular shapes, different alloys, and different temperatures, without the need for diffusion pretreatment, and can obtain information on the initial kinetic state of compound growth.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples, 1. a circular crucible body, 2. a first inner plate, 3. a second inner plate, 4. the hole on the crucible wall, and 5. the screw.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the high temperature laser confocal microscope heating furnace, 6. Ar gas inlet, 7. Ar gas outlet, 8. Temperature measuring bracket (including thermocouple), 9. Self-locking crucible (placed in on the thermometer bracket).
  • the present invention proposes a self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples, comprising: a circular crucible body, a first inner side plate, and a second inner side plate; holes are provided on the wall of the circular crucible body ;
  • the first inner side plate is located inside the circular crucible body, is movably connected with the crucible wall, and can move around the inner wall of the crucible. According to the shape of the sample to be tested, the first inner side plate can be adjusted so that the sample is clamped to meet the testing of samples of various shapes.
  • the second inner plate is provided with holes, the crucible holes are communicated with the holes of the second inner plate, and the second inner plate and the circular crucible body are connected by screws at the holes (the inner walls of the holes are provided with threads) to realize automatic lock function.
  • the diameter of the circular crucible body is 8-12mm, and the height is 3-5mm, so as to meet the requirements for placing the crucible in the high-temperature laser confocal.
  • the selection of the material of the crucible needs to be determined according to the material of the sample to be measured.
  • the material it should be noted that the sample cannot react with the material of the crucible, and the melting point of the sample and the measured temperature should be considered.
  • Table 1 shows the physical properties of high temperature resistant pure metals
  • Table 2 shows the selection of typical metal crucibles.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples, that is, using a powder metallurgy method to prepare the self-locking crucible, specifically:
  • the designed fixture made by sintering is first heat treated, then quenched by hot oil, and then tempered at low temperature.
  • the self-locking crucible for in-situ detection of diffusion couples is small in size and high in wall thickness accuracy, and the raw materials are refractory hard metals, so it is difficult to use traditional machining (stamping) to prepare.
  • the powder metallurgy method can prepare refractory metals and other materials; the powder metallurgy process does not melt the material during the material production process, so it will not mix impurities brought by other substances, and the sintering is carried out in a vacuum and reducing atmosphere, There will be no oxidation and no contamination of materials, so the purity of the product is relatively high.
  • the powder metallurgy method can ensure the correctness and uniformity of the material composition in the proportioning; the loss of metal produced by this method is only 1-5%, while the general processing will consume 80% of the metal.
  • the powder metallurgy method can produce high-purity materials, reduce costs by mass production, save metals and reduce costs.
  • the time for ball milling and mixing is 5-8 hours.
  • the sintering temperature is 1500-3800° C.
  • the holding time is 2-5 hours.
  • the raw material is one or more of tungsten powder, tantalum powder, molybdenum powder, niobium powder, titanium powder, cobalt powder, and the purity of the raw material is 99.99%;
  • the shape of the raw material is irregular, and the particle size is 1000-6000 mesh.
  • the heat treatment temperature is determined according to the selected material, which is 20-30°C below the melting point of the material, the heat treatment time is 5-10h, the temperature of the low-temperature tempering treatment is 200-300°C, and the time is 5- 10h.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for in-situ detection of diffusion couples using the above-mentioned crucible, specifically:
  • the crucible containing the observation sample is placed in a heating container equipped with a high-temperature laser confocal, and Ar gas is passed into the container to prevent the oxidation of the sample, and the growth of the intermetallic compound is monitored by a microscope.
  • the diffusion even-end alloy is ⁇ -Mg 32 (Al,Zn) 49 phase alloy and pure Mg phase.
  • step (1) polishing is performed to a particle size of 0.05 ⁇ m.
  • the observation process adopts infrared radiation heating of 9-11K/s, and the sample is heated to the required temperature within 50-60s, and the superheat degree of the whole process is within 1K. Every 0.5s, an in-situ photo of the morphology of the compound interface layer was saved and merged into a dynamic image at the end of the observation. After stopping heating, the sample temperature can be cooled to room temperature within 30-35s.
  • the detection method of ⁇ phase diffusion behavior of ternary intermetallic compound in Mg-Al-Zn alloy system includes the following steps:
  • the crucible is designed as shown in Figure 1.
  • the diameter of the crucible is 10mm and the height is 4mm.
  • a sufficiently flat diffusion contact surface must be reserved.
  • the measured temperature of the Mg-Al-Zn alloy is 360°C, and the tantalum fixture does not react with the Mg-Al-Zn alloy, tantalum with a raw material composition purity of 99.99% is selected.
  • the shape of the tantalum powder in the raw material is irregular, and the particle size is 1000-6000 mesh.
  • the pure tantalum was ball-milled and mixed for 6 hours.
  • the ball-milled tantalum powder was sieved and dried, compressed and formed, and then sintered at 3500 °C. After heat treatment for 5 hours, hot oil quenching and low temperature tempering at 200 °C for 5 hours, the crucible was formed.
  • ⁇ -Mg 32 (Al, Zn) 49 phase alloy was obtained by smelting.
  • a protective gas was introduced Ar gas was annealed in a resistance furnace for 12h.
  • the ⁇ -Mg 32 (Al,Zn) 49 phase alloy and pure Mg phase were cut into small pieces and annealed at 450 °C for 96 h.
  • the two surfaces in contact were metallographically polished to a particle size of 0.05 ⁇ m alumina polishing agent.
  • the diffusion couple treated by metallographic method was placed in a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope for in-situ observation of intermetallic growth.
  • the crucible containing the observation sample is placed on the temperature measuring support of the heating container, the temperature measuring support contains a thermocouple, and Ar gas is introduced into the container to prevent the oxidation of the sample.
  • the growth of the intermetallic compound can then be detected quantitatively as a function of time and temperature by microscopy.
  • the pre-annealing temperature the in-situ observation was carried out for a certain period of time, that is, the temperature was kept at 360 °C for 86400 s.
  • the observation process uses 10K/s infrared radiation heating, which can heat the sample to the desired temperature within 60s.
  • the superheat of the whole process is within 1K. Every 0.5s, an in-situ photo of the morphology of the compound interface layer was saved and merged into a dynamic image at the end of the observation. After stopping heating, the sample temperature can be cooled to room temperature within 30s.

Abstract

一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚（9）及其制备方法与应用。所述坩埚（9）包括：圆形坩埚体（1）、第一内侧板（2）、第二内侧板（3）；圆形坩埚体（1）壁上设置有孔洞（4）；所述的第一内侧板（2）位于圆形坩埚体（1）内部，与坩埚壁活动连接，能绕着坩埚（9）内壁进行移动；所述的第二内侧板（3）设置有孔洞，坩埚孔洞（4）与第二内侧板（3）的孔洞相连通，第二内侧板（3）与圆形坩埚体（1）通过螺钉（5）在孔洞处进行连接，实现自锁功能。采用该自锁定式坩埚（9）进行扩散偶原位观察，可以一步实现扩散偶制备和原位观察，省略了预扩散热处理和真空封管等复杂操作步骤，提高实验效率和测定精度。

Description

一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于金属间化合物扩散生长的检测技术领域，具体涉及一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
交通工具、电子通信、航空航天等领域的飞速发展对传统金属结构材料性能提出了更高要求。金属结构材料中第二相金属间化合物的动力学行为是影响性能的关键因素，因此定量调控金属间化合物的动力学行为是进一步提升材料性能的关键。目前，合金扩散偶技术是研究金属间化合物动力学行为的关键手段。然而，传统材料分析检测方法对扩散偶本身存在限制，为了更加方便、快捷且准确地检测金属间化合物动力学行为，亟需建立基于原位实验仪器的配套实验零件以及相关完整实验路径。
扩散偶的制备过程通常包括：将扩散偶两端的固体合金切割成足够小的规则长方体，对扩散接触的两个表面进行金相抛光，用钽夹具夹紧并在石英管中真空密封，在管式炉中一定温度和时间下退火，最终在两块金属间形成化合物扩散层。据此，传统材料分析检测方法对扩散偶存在的限制主要包括：1.实验检测前需对扩散偶进行预扩散热处理，其目的是形成一定的扩散层以便进行后续观察，但会导致无法获取化合物的初始动力学状态信息；2.要求扩散偶的形 状规则且体积较小(约为8×5×3mm的长方体)，否则钽夹具难以加紧试样，使化合物无法生成，增加了扩散偶样品的制备和处理难度；3.预扩散过程需要在石英管中真空密封以防止氧化，导致样品在取出观察前需要经过多道处理步骤，降低检测准确性。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚及其制备方法与应用，一步实现扩散偶制备和原位观察，缩减实验步骤，提高实验信息获取效率及准确度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚，包括：圆形坩埚体、第一内侧板、第二内侧板；圆形坩埚体壁上设置有孔洞；
所述的第一内侧板位于圆形坩埚体内部，与坩埚壁活动连接，能绕着坩埚内壁进行移动。
所述的第二内侧板设置有孔洞，坩埚孔洞与第二内侧板的孔洞相连通，第二内侧板与圆形坩埚体通过螺钉在孔洞处进行连接，实现自锁功能。
本发明第二方面提供一种上述扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚的制备方法，即：采用粉末冶金的方法制备自锁定式坩埚，具体为：
(1)将原料投入球磨罐中，置于滚动球磨机上，进行球磨混料；
(2)将球磨后的配料进行过筛干燥，将其填充入模具，经由压缩后得到所需的形状、密度和尺寸的样品；
(3)将压制后的坯体放入真空炉中烧结；
(4)将烧结制得的所设计的夹具，先采用热处理，然后热油淬火处理，再进行低温回火处理；
本发明第三方面提供一种采用上述坩埚进行扩散偶原位检测的方法，具体为：
(1)先制备扩散偶端际合金，切割成小块退火，对接触的两个表面进行金相抛光，然后放置于高温激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下进行金属间生长的原位观察。
(2)将装有观察样品坩埚放置在装有高温激光共聚焦的加热容器中，该容器内通入Ar气以防止样品氧化，通过显微镜监测金属间化合物的生长。
(3)对于每一对扩散偶保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，选取100-300幅等时间间隔的图像，以确定扩散偶中每个化合物生长厚度与时间和温度的定量关系。
本发明的一个或多个实施方式至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚，采用该坩埚进行扩散偶检测，可以一步实现扩散偶制备和原位观察，省略了预扩散热处理和真空封管等复杂操作步骤，提高实验效率和测定精度。同时，针对不同合金和热处理温度选择不同配套坩埚，避免采用普通坩埚造成试样污染。而且，本发明方法可用于不规则形状、不同合金、不同温度扩散偶的原位观察，无须进行扩散预处理，能够获得化合物生长的初始动力学状态信息。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚的结构示意图，1.圆形坩埚体，2.第一内侧板，3.第二内侧板，4.坩埚壁上的孔洞，5.螺钉。
图2为高温激光共聚焦显微镜加热炉内部结构示意图，6.Ar气进气口，7.Ar 气出气口，8.测温支架(内含热电偶)，9.自锁定式坩埚(置于测温支架上)。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，传统材料分析检测方法对扩散偶存在的如下限制：1.实验检测前需对扩散偶进行预扩散热处理，其目的是形成一定的扩散层以便进行后续观察，但会导致无法获取化合物的初始动力学状态信息；2.要求扩散偶的形状规则且体积较小(约为8×5×3mm的长方体)，否则钽夹具难以加紧试样，使化合物无法生成，增加了扩散偶样品的制备和处理难度；3.预扩散过程需要在石英管中真空密封以防止氧化，导致样品在取出观察前需要经过多道处理步骤，降低检测准确性。
为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚，包括：圆形坩埚体、第一内侧板、第二内侧板；圆形坩埚体壁上设置有孔洞；
所述的第一内侧板位于圆形坩埚体内部，与坩埚壁活动连接，能绕着坩埚内壁进行移动。根据所测样品的形状，可以调节第一内侧板以使得样品夹紧，满足于各种形状的样品测试。
所述的第二内侧板设置有孔洞，坩埚孔洞与第二内侧板的孔洞相连通，第二内侧板与圆形坩埚体通过螺钉在孔洞处(孔洞内壁上设置有螺纹)进行连接，实现自锁功能。
所述圆形坩埚体的直径为8-12mm，高为3-5mm，以满足高温激光共聚焦中放置坩埚的要求。
所述坩埚的材料的选择需要根据所测样品的材料来确定，在选择的材料时应该注意样品不能与坩埚材料发生反应，而且得考虑到样品的熔点和所测的温度。表1给出耐高温纯金属的物理性质，表2给出典型的金属材料坩埚选择。
表1耐高温纯金属的物理性质
  熔点(℃) 密度(g/cm 3) 莫氏硬度
钨 3420 19.359 7.5
钽 3017 16.689 6.5
钼 2610 10.29 5.5
铌 2468 8.57 6
钛 1688 4.54 6
钴 1495 8.9 5
表2典型的金属材料坩埚选择
金属材料 坩埚材料的选择
Sn焊料合金 钨、钽、钼、铌、钛、钴
Mg-Al合金 钨、钽、钼、铌
Cu-Zn合金 钨、钽、钼、铌
Ni基高温合金 钨、钽
不锈钢 钨、钽、钼、铌
钛合金 钨、钽
本发明第二方面提供一种上述扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚的制备方法，即：采用粉末冶金的方法制备自锁定式坩埚，具体为：
(1)将原料投入球磨罐中，置于滚动球磨机上，进行球磨混料；
(2)将球磨后的配料进行过筛干燥，将其填充入模具，经由压缩后得到所需的形状、密度和尺寸的样品；
(3)将压制后的坯体放入真空炉中烧结；
(4)将烧结制得的所设计的夹具，先采用热处理，然后热油淬火处理，再进行低温回火处理。
扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚的制备中对尺寸小和对壁厚精度高，而且原材料属于难熔硬质金属，因此很难采用传统的机械加工(冲压)制备。粉末冶金的方法可以制备难熔的金属等材料；粉末冶金工艺在材料生产过程中不熔化材料，也就不会混入其他物质带来的杂质，而烧结又是在真空和还原气氛中进行的，不会氧化也不会有任何污染材料，因此制品纯度相对较高。粉末冶金法可以保证材料成分在配比时的正确性和均匀性；用这种方法生产金属的损耗只有1-5％，而一般的加工则会耗损金属80％。粉末冶金的方法能够制取高纯度材料，大批量生产降低成本，节约金属，降低成本。
优选的，步骤(1)中，进行球磨混料的时间为5-8小时。
优选的，步骤(3)中，烧结温度是1500-3800℃，保温时间为2-5小时。
优选的，原料为钨粉、钽粉、钼粉、铌粉、钛粉、钴粉中的一种或多种，原料纯度为99.99％；
优选的，所述原料的形状为不规则形，粒度为1000-6000目。
优选的，步骤(4)中，热处理温度根据所选的材料确定，为材料熔点以下20-30℃，热处理时间为5-10h，低温回火处理的温度为200-300℃，时间为5-10h。
本发明第三方面提供一种采用上述坩埚进行扩散偶原位检测的方法，具体为：
(1)先制备扩散偶端际合金，切割成小块退火，对接触的两个表面进行金相抛光，然后放置于高温激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下进行金属间生长的原位观察。
(2)将装有观察样品坩埚放置在装有高温激光共聚焦的加热容器中，该容器内通入Ar气以防止样品氧化，通过显微镜监测金属间化合物的生长。
(3)对于每一对扩散偶保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，选取100-300幅等时间间隔的图像，以确定扩散偶中每个化合物生长厚度与时间和温度的定量关系。
优选的，所述扩散偶端际合金为τ-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49相合金和纯Mg相。
优选的，步骤(1)中，抛光至粒度为0.05μm。
优选的，观察过程采用9-11K/s的红外辐射加热，将样品在50-60s内加热到所需温度，整个过程的过热度在1K以内。每0.5s保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，并在观察结束时合并为动态影像。停止加热后，样品温度可在30-35s内冷却至室温。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方案，以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1：
在Mg-Al-Zn合金体系中三元金属间化合物φ相扩散行为检测方法，包括如 下步骤：
1.坩埚的设计和制备：设计坩埚如图1所示，坩埚的直径为10mm，高为4mm，无需考虑Mg-Al-Zn合金切削形状，但须预留足够平整的扩散接触面。考虑Mg-Al-Zn合金所测温度为360℃，而且钽夹具不与Mg-Al-Zn合金发生反应，因此选择原料成分纯度为99.99％的钽。原料中钽粉的形状为不规则形，粒度为1000-6000目。将纯钽经过球磨混料6小时，球球磨完的钽粉过筛干燥后压缩成型并在3500℃烧结，经热处理5h、热油淬火及200℃下低温回火处理5h形成所需坩埚。
2.原位观察：通过熔炼方式获得τ-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49相合金，为提高τ-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49相合金的均匀性，在450℃下，通入保护气体Ar气在电阻炉中退火12h。将τ-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49相合金和纯Mg相切割成小块，在450℃下退火96h。τ和Mg在钽坩埚中夹紧制备扩散偶之前，对接触的两个表面进行金相抛光至粒度为0.05μm氧化铝抛光剂。将用金相方法处理好的扩散偶放置于高温激光扫描共聚焦显微镜进行金属间生长的原位观察。将装有观察样品坩埚放置在加热容器测温支架上，测温支架内含热电偶，该容器内通入Ar气体以防止样品氧化。
然后，可以通过显微镜检测金属间化合物的生长与时间和温度的定量关系。根据预退火温度进行一定时间的原位观察，即360℃保温86400s。观察过程采用10K/s的红外辐射加热，可以将样品在60s内加热到所需温度。整个过程的过热度在1K以内。每0.5s保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，并在观察结束时合并为动态影像。停止加热后，样品温度可在30s内冷却至室温。
3.生长厚度测定：对于每个扩散偶，选择具有相等时间间隔的100张图片，以确定在扩散偶中出现的每个金属间化合物的层厚度随时间的变化并绘制生长曲线。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚，其特征在于：包括：圆形坩埚体、第一内侧板、第二内侧板；圆形坩埚体壁上设置有孔洞；
    所述的第一内侧板位于圆形坩埚体内部，与坩埚壁活动连接，能绕着坩埚内壁进行移动；
    所述的第二内侧板设置有孔洞，坩埚孔洞与第二内侧板的孔洞相连通，第二内侧板与圆形坩埚体通过螺钉在孔洞处进行连接，实现自锁功能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚，其特征在于：所述圆形坩埚体的直径为8-12mm，高为3-5mm。
  3. 权利要求1或2所述的扩散偶原位检测用自锁定式坩埚的制备方法，其特征在于：采用粉末冶金的方法制备自锁定式坩埚，具体为：
    (1)将原料投入球磨罐中，置于滚动球磨机上，进行球磨混料；
    (2)将球磨后的配料进行过筛干燥，将其填充入模具，经由压缩后得到所需的形状、密度和尺寸的样品；
    (3)将压制后的坯体放入真空炉中烧结；
    (4)将烧结制得的所设计的夹具，先采用热处理，然后热油淬火处理，再进行低温回火处理。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，进行球磨混料的时间为5-8小时。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，烧结温度是1500-3800℃，保温时间为2-5小时。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述原料为钨粉、钽粉、钼粉、铌粉、钛粉、钴粉中的一种或多种，原料纯度为99.99％；所述原料的形状为不规则形，粒度为1000-6000目。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，热处理温度根据所选的材料确定，为材料熔点以下20-30℃，热处理时间为5-10h，低温回火处理的温度为200-300℃，时间为5-10h。
  8. 一种采用权利要求1或2所述的坩埚进行扩散偶原位检测的方法，具体为：
    (1)先制备扩散偶端际合金，切割成小块退火，对接触的两个表面进行金相抛光，然后放置于高温激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下进行金属间生长的原位观察；
    (2)将装有观察样品坩埚放置在装有高温激光共聚焦的加热容器中，该容器内通入Ar气体以防止样品氧化，通过显微镜检测金属间化合物的生长；
    (3)对于每一对扩散偶保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，选取100-300幅等时间间隔的图像，以确定扩散偶中每个化合物生长厚度与时间和温度的定量关系。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中，所述扩散偶端际合金为τ-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49相合金和纯Mg相，抛光至粒度为0.05μm。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：观察过程采用9-11K/s的红外辐射加热，将样品在50-60s内加热到所需温度，整个过程的过热度在1K以内；每0.5s保存一张化合物界面层组织形貌原位照片，并在观察结束时合并为动态影像；停止加热后，样品温度在30-35s内冷却至室温。
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