WO2022170684A1 - Broche électrique et machine-outil - Google Patents

Broche électrique et machine-outil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170684A1
WO2022170684A1 PCT/CN2021/092493 CN2021092493W WO2022170684A1 WO 2022170684 A1 WO2022170684 A1 WO 2022170684A1 CN 2021092493 W CN2021092493 W CN 2021092493W WO 2022170684 A1 WO2022170684 A1 WO 2022170684A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
shaft core
upper bearing
electric spindle
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/092493
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张翰乾
伍曦
张伟江
黄孙可
程振涛
汤秀清
Original Assignee
广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 filed Critical 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022170684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170684A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the fields of turning and boring, and particularly relates to an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • the electric spindle is one of the most important core components of CNC machine tools.
  • the existing electric spindle has the following shortcomings: 1.
  • the preload of the electric spindle bearing is not adjustable, and the bearing has poor rigidity at high speed;
  • the electric spindle needs to cooperate with Peripheral equipment such as chillers and cutting fluids are cooled, and the occupied area of peripheral equipment and related costs are relatively high;
  • the existing electric spindle cannot realize the function of spraying coolant when the spindle is running, and the cost is high.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • an electric spindle includes:
  • Body assembly with air inlet and stator
  • the shaft core assembly is supported on the body assembly through the upper bearing assembly and the lower bearing assembly, the shaft core assembly includes a shaft core, a rotor, a pull rod assembly and a collet, and the pull rod assembly and the collet are arranged on the shaft core.
  • a push rod which extends into the inner hole of the shaft core from the upper end of the shaft core;
  • the upper bearing assembly includes an upper bearing seat, an upper bearing and a bearing preloading component
  • the upper bearing seat defines a closed inner cavity
  • the inner hole of the shaft core communicates with the inner cavity
  • the upper bearing and a bearing preloading component is arranged in the inner cavity
  • the bearing preloading component is supported between the upper bearing and the upper bearing seat
  • the upper bearing seat is provided with a piston cavity
  • the piston cavity is connected to the upper bearing seat.
  • the air inlet is connected to the air inlet, the piston cavity is provided with a floating part, the floating part is in contact with the bearing preloading part, and the inner hole of the shaft core and/or the pull rod assembly and/or the push rod are provided with a helical structure , so as to discharge the air in the inner cavity to the outside through the inner hole of the shaft core after the shaft core assembly is rotated.
  • the helical structure includes a first reverse helical groove provided on a hole wall of the inner hole of the shaft core.
  • the tie rod assembly includes a tie rod and a tie rod reset component
  • the helical structure includes a second reverse helical groove provided on the surface of the tie rod .
  • the helical structure includes a forward helical groove provided on the surface of the push rod.
  • the upper bearing seat is provided with a uniform air hole that communicates with the inner cavity separating the upper bearing.
  • the body assembly is provided with a cutting fluid channel, and the cutting fluid channel forms a liquid outlet at the lower end of the electric spindle, and the cutting fluid
  • the fluid channel flows through the piston cavity of the upper bearing seat, the cutting fluid channel forms a first opening for the inflow of cutting fluid and a second opening for the outflow of cutting fluid on the cavity wall of the piston cavity, and the piston cavity
  • the first opening and the second opening are separated by the floating part in the middle, and the floating part is provided with a through hole. After the shaft core assembly is rotated, the floating part floats along the piston cavity to compress the bearing preloading part. , and the first opening and the second opening are connected through the via hole.
  • the first aspect further includes:
  • the air cylinder is connected to the upper end of the body assembly through a water jacket part, the output end of the air cylinder is connected to the push rod, the water jacket part is provided with an anti-rotation part, and the anti-rotation part passes through the push rod Flat fit.
  • both the air inlet and the liquid inlet of the cutting fluid channel are provided on the water jacket component.
  • the lower end of the body component is provided with a protective cover
  • the protective cover is sleeved on the outside of the shaft core, and the protective cover is connected to the
  • An air outlet gap is left between the shaft cores
  • the body assembly is provided with an air passage communicating with the air inlet, the air passage includes a first branch and a second branch, and the first branch is connected to the air inlet.
  • the piston chambers are communicated with each other, and the second branch is communicated with the protective cover, so that the supply air is discharged through the air outlet gap.
  • a machine tool includes the electric spindle according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • the shaft core assembly rotates, and the tool rotates with the chuck for processing. Since the inner hole of the shaft core and/or the tie rod assembly and/or the push rod are provided with a spiral structure, the air inside the spindle flows from top to bottom. , passes through the chuck, flows out from the edge of the chuck, faces the surface of the workpiece, and blows away the iron filings of the workpiece. At the same time, the inside of the chuck is protected, so that the iron filings are not easy to enter the chuck.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view at A-A in FIG. 1 .
  • words such as “set”, “install” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be a fixed connection or a
  • the detachable connection can also be integrally formed; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be the internal communication between the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows the reference direction coordinate system of the embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in FIG. 1 .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric spindle, including a body assembly 1 , a shaft core assembly 2 and a push rod 3 .
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with an air inlet 11 and a stator 12
  • the shaft core assembly 2 is supported on the body assembly 1 through the upper bearing assembly 4 and the lower bearing assembly 5
  • the shaft core assembly 2 includes the shaft core 21 and the rotor. 22.
  • the pull rod assembly 24 and the collet 23, the pull rod assembly 24 and the collet 23 are arranged in the inner hole of the shaft core 21.
  • the stator 12 and the rotor 22 form a motor assembly.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 rotates under the drive of the motor assembly.
  • the lower end of the shaft core 21 is equipped with a chuck 23. After the tool is added to the tie rod assembly 24, the material is cut.
  • the pull rod assembly 24 includes a pull rod 241 and a pull rod reset part 242 , and the push rod 3 extends from the upper end of the shaft core 21 into the inner hole of the shaft core.
  • the push rod 3 can push down the push rod 241 under the driving of external force, and the pull rod 241 drives the collet 23 to move downward to release the tool.
  • the pull rod reset part 242 drives the pull rod 241 to reset, and the collet 23 clamps the tool.
  • the upper bearing assembly 4 includes an upper bearing seat 41 , an upper bearing 42 and a bearing preload part 43
  • the bearing preload part 43 can be a disc spring, a compression spring, a leaf spring, or the like.
  • the upper bearing seat 41 defines a closed inner cavity 44, the inner hole of the shaft core communicates with the inner cavity 44, the upper bearing 42 and the bearing preloading part 43 are arranged in the inner cavity 44, the upper bearing 42 is arranged with one or more, the upper bearing The top of the bearing 42 is locked by the bearing nut 45 , and the bottom of the upper bearing 42 is preloaded by the bearing preloading part 43 , and the bearing preloading part 43 is supported between the upper bearing 42 and the upper bearing seat 41 .
  • the upper bearing seat 41 is provided with a piston chamber 46 which communicates with the air inlet 11 .
  • the piston chamber 46 is provided with a floating member 47 , which can float in the piston chamber 46 under the action of the pressure difference between the inner and outer chambers 44 .
  • the floating part 47 is in contact with the bearing preloading part 43 , and the floating part 47 compresses or releases the bearing preloading part 43 during the floating process, thereby changing the preloading force of the upper bearing 42 .
  • the inner hole of the shaft core and/or the pull rod assembly 24 and/or the push rod 3 are provided with a helical structure, so that after the shaft core assembly 2 is rotated, the air in the inner cavity 44 is discharged to the outside through the inner hole of the shaft core.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 rotates, and the tool rotates with the chuck 23 for processing. Since the inner hole of the shaft core and/or the tie rod assembly 24 and/or the push rod 3 are provided with a helical structure, the air inside the main shaft flows from above. It flows downward, passes through the chuck 23, flows out from the edge of the chuck 23, faces the surface of the workpiece, and blows away the iron filings of the workpiece. At the same time, the inside of the chuck 23 is protected, so that the iron filings are not easy to enter the chuck 23 .
  • the present invention realizes the function of adjustable pre-tightening force by ingeniously designing the structures such as the shaft core 21, the tie rod 241 and the upper bearing seat 41.
  • the helical structure can adopt helical grooves, helical teeth or helical blades, etc., and the helical structure can be arranged in the inner hole of the shaft core.
  • FIG. A reverse spiral groove 211 After the stator 12 is energized, the shaft core assembly 2 rotates, and the tool rotates with the chuck 23 to perform processing. The rotating first reverse spiral groove 211 will drive the air inside the main shaft to flow from top to bottom, pass through the collet 23 , and flow out from the edge of the collet 23 .
  • the helical structure can also be provided on the surface of the draw rod 241.
  • the helical structure includes a second reverse helical groove 243 provided on the surface of the draw rod 241.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 rotates.
  • the tool rotates with the chuck 23 to perform machining.
  • the rotating second reverse spiral groove 243 will drive the air inside the main shaft to flow from top to bottom, pass through the chuck 23 , and flow out from the edge of the chuck 23 .
  • the helical structure may also be provided on the surface of the push rod 3 .
  • the helical structure includes a forward helical groove 31 provided on the surface of the push rod 3 .
  • the push rod 3 does not rotate with the shaft core 21.
  • the push rod 3 rotates clockwise relative to the main shaft, and the positive spiral groove 31 drives the air inside the main shaft to flow from top to bottom, passing through the chuck. 23, flows out from the edge of the chuck 23.
  • the upper bearing seat 41 is provided with the upper bearing
  • the 42-separated inner cavity 44 communicates with the uniform air hole 411 .
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with a cutting fluid channel 13 , the cutting fluid channel 13 forms a fluid outlet 131 at the lower end of the electric spindle, and the cutting fluid channel 13 flows through the piston cavity 46 of the upper bearing seat 41 ,
  • the cutting fluid channel 13 forms a first opening 132 for the inflow of cutting fluid and a second opening 133 for the outflow of cutting fluid on the cavity wall of the piston cavity 46 , and the floating part 47 in the piston cavity 46 connects the first opening 132 and the second opening.
  • the floating member 47 is provided with a through hole 471, and the through hole 471 of the floating member 47 is set according to the orientation of the first opening 132 and the second opening 133, so as to ensure that after the floating member 47 floats along the piston cavity 46 for a certain distance, the through hole 471 can partially or fully conduct the first opening 132 and the second opening 133 .
  • the first openings 132 and the second openings 133 are distributed on both sides of the piston cavity 46 in the radial direction, and the through holes 471 of the floating component 47 are opened in the radial direction.
  • the up and down floating of the floating part 47 is controlled by the air pressure difference inside and outside the piston cavity 46.
  • the floating part 47 floats along the piston cavity 46 to compress the bearing preload part 43, and is fully or partially connected through the through hole 471
  • the first opening 132 and the second opening 133 the floating part 47 in the piston cavity 46 realizes the function of the automatic control valve of the cutting fluid channel 13, and the control valve cooperates with the adjustment function of the bearing preload to automatically control the spraying of cutting fluid according to the working state of the main shaft .
  • the invention realizes the function of cooling the main shaft by the cutting fluid and spraying water only when the main shaft is running through ingenious structural design.
  • the cutting fluid channel 13 enters the cutting fluid, and flows along the cutting fluid channel 13 to the floating part 47 in the piston cavity 46, where it is blocked by the floating part 47, and the cutting fluid cannot continue to flow.
  • the through hole 471 inside the floating member 47 is gradually butted with the first opening 132 and the second opening 133 , so that the cutting fluid continues to flow and passes through the upper bearing seat 41 Afterwards, it flows into the body assembly 1 again, and flows out of the main shaft through the liquid outlet 131 at the lower end of the electric main shaft, just spraying onto the surface of the workpiece to be processed to cool the tool and the workpiece.
  • the effect of this is that the cutting fluid is only sprayed out of the spindle when the spindle is running for processing. When the spindle stops, the cutting fluid stops spraying, saving costs.
  • the electric spindle no longer needs to be cooled with peripheral equipment such as chillers and cutting fluids, which saves the occupied area and related costs of peripheral equipment.
  • the electric spindle further includes a cylinder 6 , which is connected to the upper end of the body assembly 1 through a water jacket member 7 , and the output end of the cylinder 6 is connected to the push rod 3 .
  • the cylinder 6 drives the push rod 3 to realize the cutting tool.
  • the push rod 3 can also be driven by a cam, etc., to realize the knife-cutting action.
  • the water jacket part 7 is provided with an anti-rotation part 71, and the anti-rotation part 71 is matched with the push rod 3 through the flat position, and the push rod 3 uses the flat position for anti-rotation, so that the pull rod 241 is not easy to rotate, and the main shaft is improved. performance.
  • the air inlet 11 and the fluid inlet of the cutting fluid channel 13 are both provided on the water jacket part 7 at the upper end of the spindle.
  • the lower bearing assembly 5 includes a lower bearing seat 51 and a lower bearing 52, the lower bearing seat 51 is connected to the lower end of the body assembly 1, the lower end of the body assembly 1 is provided with a protective cover 8 outside the lower bearing seat 51, the protective cover 8 It is sleeved on the outside of the shaft core 21, and an air outlet gap 81 is left between the protective cover 8 and the shaft core 21.
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with an air passage communicating with the air inlet 11, and the air passage includes a first branch 14 and a second branch. 15.
  • the first branch 14 communicates with the piston chamber 46 for pushing out the floating part 47.
  • the second branch 15 is communicated with the protective cover 8 to supply air to be discharged through the air outlet gap 81 .
  • the air inlet 11 After the air inlet 11 is filled with air, in addition to one channel for ejecting the floating part 47 , the other channel of air flows out of the main shaft through the holes in the body, the lower bearing seat 51 and the protective cover 8 . Due to the large holes in the body, the lower bearing seat 51 and the protective cover 8, the air flow rate is relatively small. When passing through the extremely small air outlet gap 81 in the protective cover 8, the air flow speed increases. In addition, when the shaft core 21 is running at a high speed , the airflow has a swirling characteristic. After synthesis, a spiral accelerated airflow is generated, and the front-end sealing function is realized.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a machine tool, including the electric spindle in any of the above embodiments.
  • the preload of the main shaft bearing of the machine tool is adjustable, and the front-end water jet is used to replace the traditional cutting fluid processing, so as to reduce the occupied area and related costs of peripheral equipment such as chillers and cutting fluids.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

Broche électrique et machine-outil, comprenant : un ensemble corps de machine (1), doté d'une entrée d'air (11) et d'un stator (12) ; un ensemble noyau de broche (2), supporté sur l'ensemble corps de machine (1) au moyen d'un ensemble palier supérieur (4) et d'un ensemble palier inférieur (5), l'ensemble noyau de broche (2) comprenant un noyau de broche (21), un rotor (22), un ensemble tige de traction (24) et un mandrin (23) ; et une tige de poussée (3), s'étendant dans un trou interne de noyau de broche à partir de l'extrémité supérieure du noyau de broche (21) ; l'ensemble palier supérieur (4) comprend un siège de palier supérieur (41), un palier supérieur (42) et un élément de précontrainte de palier (43), une cavité interne fermée (44) étant définie à l'intérieur du siège de palier supérieur (41), le trou interne de noyau de broche étant en communication avec la cavité interne (44), le palier supérieur (42) et le composant de précontrainte de palier (43) étant agencés dans la cavité interne (44), le composant de précontrainte de palier (43) étant supporté entre le palier supérieur (42) et le siège de palier supérieur (41), le siège de palier supérieur (41) étant doté d'une chambre de piston (46), la chambre de piston (46) étant en communication avec l'entrée d'air (11), un composant flottant (47) étant disposé dans la chambre de piston (46), le composant flottant (47) venant en butée contre le composant de précontrainte de palier (43), et le trou interne de noyau de broche et/ou l'ensemble tige de traction (24) et/ou la tige de poussée (3) étant doté(s) d'une structure hélicoïdale, afin de décharger l'air dans la cavité interne (44) à l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire du trou interne de noyau de broche après que l'ensemble noyau de broche (2) est mis en rotation.
PCT/CN2021/092493 2021-02-09 2021-05-08 Broche électrique et machine-outil WO2022170684A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110177886.7A CN112792369B (zh) 2021-02-09 2021-02-09 一种电主轴和机床
CN202110177886.7 2021-02-09

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WO2022170684A1 true WO2022170684A1 (fr) 2022-08-18

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JP2022131340A (ja) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-07 Ｄｇｓｈａｐｅ株式会社 スピンドルおよびそれを備えた切削加工装置

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CN205798457U (zh) * 2016-06-24 2016-12-14 江苏华雕机械有限公司 一种低速大转矩永磁同步高速自动换刀电主轴
CN107116235A (zh) * 2017-05-19 2017-09-01 深圳市爱贝科精密机械有限公司 一种永磁同步电主轴
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