WO2022170529A1 - 电化学装置和电子装置 - Google Patents

电化学装置和电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022170529A1
WO2022170529A1 PCT/CN2021/076383 CN2021076383W WO2022170529A1 WO 2022170529 A1 WO2022170529 A1 WO 2022170529A1 CN 2021076383 W CN2021076383 W CN 2021076383W WO 2022170529 A1 WO2022170529 A1 WO 2022170529A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
segment
pole piece
electrochemical device
electrode assembly
outermost ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076383
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈晓
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/076383 priority Critical patent/WO2022170529A1/zh
Priority to EP21925194.9A priority patent/EP4290640A4/en
Priority to CN202180004502.XA priority patent/CN114127998B/zh
Publication of WO2022170529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170529A1/zh
Priority to US18/366,988 priority patent/US20230395943A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/494—Tensile strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/474—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their position inside the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular, to an electrochemical device and an electronic device having the electrochemical device.
  • Electrochemical devices such as batteries are widely used in electronic products such as electronic mobile devices, power tools, and electric vehicles, and people have higher and higher requirements for the safety performance of electrochemical devices. Since electronic products are often subject to mechanical abuse such as falling, collision, and vibration during use, this can easily lead to a short circuit inside the electrochemical device, causing failure and reducing the safety of use.
  • the present application provides an electrochemical device including a case, an electrode assembly and a first bonding member.
  • the electrode assembly is located within the housing.
  • the first bonding member bonds the case and the electrode assembly.
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive part and the casing is F 1
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive part and the electrode assembly is F 2 , 5% ⁇ F 1 /F 2 ⁇ 70%, 15N/ m ⁇ F 1 ⁇ 500N/m.
  • the application is provided with a first bonding member, so the electrode assembly and the casing are bonded and fixed to each other, thereby suppressing the movement of the electrode assembly in the casing during mechanical abuse (drop, collision, vibration), and reducing the impact of the casing being punched open.
  • the application of setting F 1 and F 2 to meet certain conditions can not only ensure that the first bonding member is connected to the casing and the electrode The components are firmly bonded, and at the same time, in the process of mechanical abuse, the electrode assembly moves in the housing and pulls the first bonding member, resulting in a large stress transmitted to the electrode assembly, the first bonding member can be timely and The housing separates, thereby relieving this stress and reducing the risk of tearing of the current collector of the pole pieces.
  • the anti-drop performance of the electrochemical device is further improved.
  • the safety performance of the electrochemical device is further improved.
  • the first adhesive member includes a substrate layer and a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer disposed on both sides of the substrate layer.
  • the first adhesive layer bonds the housing.
  • the second adhesive layer bonds the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a pole piece and a separator.
  • the pole piece includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece, and the isolation film is arranged between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the electrode assembly is a wound structure. In the winding direction, the electrode assembly includes a first segment, a first bent segment, a second segment and a second bent segment connected in sequence. The outermost ring of the first segment is the isolation diaphragm.
  • the first bonding member bonds the housing and bonds the outermost ring of the first segment.
  • the separator is extended and the separator is used for finishing.
  • the separator Since the separator has a higher roughness, the friction force between the electrode assembly and the first bonding member can be increased, thereby improving the relationship between the electrode assembly and the first bonding member. adhesive force.
  • the part of the isolation film can form a protective layer, so as to avoid the risk of short circuit caused by the wear of the pole piece inside the isolation film, and effectively increase the mechanical shock resistance of the electrode assembly.
  • the separator material when the electrode assembly moves in the casing and pulls the separator, since the separator material has high flexibility, it is not easy to tear under the action of stress, which improves the ease of the current collector of the pole piece when it ends. Safety issues caused by tearing.
  • the width of the first adhesive member on the outermost ring of the first segment is greater than or equal to 5 mm, so as to avoid that the width of the first adhesive member is too small to cause the first adhesive member to connect with the electrode assembly and the shell.
  • the bonding between the bodies is not strong, and the electrode assembly will move more in the casing when it is mechanically abused, reducing the risk of liquid leakage or short-circuit fire caused by the casing being flushed open.
  • the tail of the isolation film in the winding direction, is located in the first bending section.
  • the first bonding member also bonds the outermost ring of the first bent section and bonds the tail of the isolation membrane. Therefore, the first adhesive member can also act as a finishing glue for fixing the tail of the isolation film.
  • the first adhesive member on the outermost ring of the first segment is connected with the first adhesive member on the outermost ring of the first bending segment, so as to improve the first adhesiveness The bonding area between the parts and the casing and the electrode assembly.
  • the tail of the isolation film in the winding direction, is located in the second segment.
  • the first bonding member also bonds the outermost ring of the first bent segment and the outermost ring of the second segment, and bonds the tail of the isolation membrane. Therefore, the first adhesive member can also act as a finishing glue for fixing the tail of the isolation film.
  • the outermost ring of the second segment is the first pole piece.
  • the first pole piece includes a first current collector and a first active material layer disposed on the first current collector.
  • the first current collector includes a first surface, and the outer surface of the outermost ring of the second segment is the first surface.
  • the first bonding member also bonds the first side. Since the outermost ring of the second segment is the first pole piece, and the hardness of the pole piece is generally large, the hardness of the electrode assembly can be increased, thereby increasing the mechanical shock resistance of the electrode assembly and improving the safety.
  • the tail of the first pole piece in the winding direction, is located in the second segment.
  • the first bonding member also bonds the outermost ring of the second bent segment and bonds the tail of the first pole piece. Therefore, the first adhesive member can also serve as a finishing glue for fixing the tail portion of the first pole piece.
  • the electrochemical device further includes a second bonding member.
  • the second bonding member bonds the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment to the isolation membrane located outside the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment. Therefore, the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment is adhesively fixed to the isolation membrane located outside the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment.
  • the projection of the edge of the first bonding member is located at the projection of the edge of the first pole piece and the edge of the separator. between projections. Therefore, the first adhesive member can fix the isolation film, reducing the risk of short circuit caused by the contact between the first pole piece and the second pole piece due to the shrinkage of the isolation film during mechanical abuse, and further reducing the entry of the part of the first adhesive member beyond the isolation film.
  • the edge sealing of the shell leads to the risk of reduced sealing strength or easy liquid leakage at the edge sealing edge.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device including the above electrochemical device.
  • the electronic device further includes an accommodating bin and a third bonding member.
  • the electrochemical device is arranged in the accommodating chamber.
  • the third bonding member bonds the housing and the accommodating bin facing the first segment. Therefore, when the electronic device is mechanically abused, the third adhesive member can inhibit the movement of the electrochemical device in the accommodating chamber, and the first adhesive member can inhibit the movement of the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device in the housing, thereby Reduce the risk of liquid leakage or short-circuit fire caused by the casing being flushed open, and improve safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an electrochemical device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 with the casing removed, in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the casing of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 1 before encapsulation.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first bonding member of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a left side view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 with the casing removed.
  • FIG. 7 is a rear view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 with the casing removed.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of the electrochemical device shown in FIG. 2 with the casing removed.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the electronic device shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the first pole piece 21 is the first pole piece 21
  • the first adhesive piece 50 is the first adhesive piece 50
  • the first adhesive layer 52 is the first adhesive layer 52
  • the second pit 140 The second pit 140
  • the first bending section 202 The first bending section 202
  • the first collector 211 The first collector 211
  • the second collector 221 The second collector 221
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device 100 , including a casing 10 , an electrode assembly 20 and an electrolyte (not shown). Both the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte are located in the casing 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a pole piece and a separator 23 .
  • the pole piece includes a first pole piece 21 and a second pole piece 22 , and the isolation film 23 is arranged between the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 .
  • the isolation film 23 is used to prevent the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 from directly contacting, thereby preventing the electrode assembly 20 from being short-circuited.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is a winding structure, that is, the first pole piece 21 , the separator 23 and the second pole piece 22 are stacked and wound in sequence to form the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 may also be a laminated structure, that is, the first pole piece 21 , the isolation film 23 and the second pole piece 22 are stacked in sequence to form the electrode assembly 20 , which is not limited in this application.
  • the first pole piece 21 includes a first current collector 211 and a first active material layer 212 disposed on the first current collector 211 .
  • the second pole piece 22 includes a second current collector 221 and a second active material layer 222 disposed on the second current collector 221 .
  • the first pole piece 21 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 22 is a negative pole piece.
  • the first current collector 211 may be, but not limited to, aluminum foil or nickel foil.
  • the second current collector 221 may be, but is not limited to, copper foil or nickel foil.
  • isolation membrane 23 includes a porous substrate. In some embodiments, the isolation membrane 23 further includes a coating layer disposed on the porous substrate, and the coating layer includes at least one of a binder or inorganic particles.
  • the porous substrate is a polymer film, a multilayer polymer film, or a non-woven fabric formed of any one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate Ester, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene diamine, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, Polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, cyclic olefin copolymer, polyphenylene sulfide and polyethylene naphthalene.
  • These polymers have high thermal stability and are easily surface treated for easy application of various types of coatings. In addition, this type of polymer has good toughness and is easy to bend.
  • the binder includes at least one of the following polymers: copolymer of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polypropylene Nitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyimide, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl Pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butyl Copolymers of dienes, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene
  • the binder may also include other polymers.
  • the inorganic particles include at least one of the following inorganic particles: silica, alumina, titania, zinc oxide, magnesia, hafnium dioxide, tin oxide, zirconia, yttrium oxide, silicon carbide, boehmite, hydroxide Magnesium, aluminum hydroxide, calcium titanate, barium titanate, lithium phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate, lithium lanthanum titanate.
  • Such inorganic particles have high thermal stability and can improve the high temperature resistance performance of the electrochemical device 100 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a first tab 30 and a second tab 40 .
  • the first tab 30 and the second tab 40 are electrically connected to the first current collector 211 and the second current collector 221, respectively, and protrude from the housing 10 to connect to external elements (not shown).
  • the housing 10 may be a packaging bag packaged with a packaging film (eg, aluminum-plastic film), that is, the electrochemical device 100 may be a soft-packed cell.
  • the casing 10 includes a body portion 11 for accommodating the electrode assembly 20 and a sealing edge 12 connected to the body portion 11 .
  • the first tab 30 and the second tab 40 protrude from the sealing edge 12 .
  • the casing 10 can be formed by heat sealing the first encapsulation film 13 and the second encapsulation film 14 .
  • the first encapsulation film 13 is provided with the first dimples 130
  • the second encapsulation film 14 is provided with the second dimples 140 .
  • the first dimple 130 and the second dimple 140 cooperate to form an accommodating space for accommodating the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the first encapsulation film 13 may also be a flat plate structure.
  • the first encapsulation film 13 seals the second recess 140 of the second encapsulation film 14 to form a An accommodating space for accommodating the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 is not limited to soft-packed cells, and may also be steel-shell cells or aluminum-shell cells, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a first bonding member 50 .
  • the first bonding member bonds the case 10 and the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive member 50 and the casing 10 is defined as F 1
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 is defined as F 2
  • the first adhesive member 50 and the casing are defined as F 2 .
  • the adhesive force F 1 between 10 is smaller than the adhesive force F 2 between the first adhesive member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 , and more specifically, F 1 and F 2 satisfy: 5% ⁇ F 1 /F 2 ⁇ 70 %, 15N/m ⁇ F 1 ⁇ 500N /m.
  • the first adhesive member 50 is provided, so that the electrode assembly 20 and the casing 10 are adhered and fixed to each other, thereby suppressing the movement of the electrode assembly 20 in the casing 10 during mechanical abuse (drop, collision, vibration), reducing the Risk of liquid leakage or short circuit fire caused by the casing 10 being flushed open. Furthermore, due to the relatively high hardness of the current collector of the pole piece, the present application sets F 1 and F 2 to satisfy a specific relationship, which can not only ensure that the first bonding member 50 is firmly bonded to the casing 10 and the electrode assembly 20, but also During the abuse process, the electrode assembly 20 moves in the casing 10 and pulls the first adhesive member 50, resulting in a large stress transmitted to the electrode assembly 20. The first adhesive member 50 can be connected to the casing 10 in time. separation, thereby releasing this stress and reducing the risk of tearing of the current collectors of the pole pieces.
  • F 1 /F 2 is greater than 70%, F 2 is small, so that the bonding between the electrode assembly 20 and the casing 10 is not firm, and the electrode assembly 20 moves more in the casing 10 when mechanically abused , which increases the risk of liquid leakage or short-circuit fire caused by the casing 10 being flushed open; or when F 1 is large, so that the stress transmitted to the electrode assembly 20 during mechanical abuse is large, the first adhesive member 50 Failure to separate from the housing 10 and release this stress in time also increases the risk of tearing the current collector of the pole piece.
  • the first adhesive member 50 may be a double-sided tape.
  • the first adhesive member 50 includes a base material layer 51 and a first adhesive layer 52 and a second adhesive layer 53 disposed on both sides of the base material layer 51 .
  • the first adhesive layer 52 adheres to the casing 10 , that is, the adhesive force F 1 between the first adhesive member 50 and the casing 10 is the adhesive force between the first adhesive layer 52 and the casing 10 .
  • the second adhesive layer 53 adheres the electrode assembly 20 , that is, the adhesive force F 2 between the first adhesive member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 is the adhesive force between the second adhesive layer 53 and the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the substrate layer 51 may be selected from one or more of polypropylene, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene.
  • the first adhesive layer 52 and the second adhesive layer 53 may be independently selected from one or more of acrylate, polyurethane, rubber, and silicone.
  • the first adhesive member 50 may also be a hot melt adhesive
  • the hot melt adhesive may be selected from polyolefin-based hot-melt adhesives, polyurethane-based hot-melt adhesives, ethylene and its copolymer-based hot-melt adhesives, One or more of ester-based hot-melt adhesives, polyamide-based hot-melt adhesives, and styrene and its block copolymer-based hot-melt adhesives are not limited in this application.
  • the electrode assembly 20 has a wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly 20 has a winding center axis C perpendicular to the paper surface.
  • the winding direction D 1 is the direction of counterclockwise rotation along the winding center axis C direction as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the electrode assembly 20 includes a first segment 201 , a first bent segment 202 , a second segment 203 and a second bent segment 204 which are connected in sequence.
  • the first segment 201 and the second segment 203 may be straight segments arranged in parallel.
  • the first segment 201 and the second segment 203 may also be bent segments, which are not limited in this application.
  • the electrode assembly 20 is terminated with a separator 23 , and the outermost circle of the first segment 201 is the separator 23 .
  • the fact that the outermost circle of the first segment 201 is the isolation film 23 means that the winding outermost circle (outermost layer) of the first segment 201 in the winding structure is the isolation film 23 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 bonds the housing 10 and bonds the isolation membrane 23 of the outermost circumference of the first segment 201 , that is, the isolation membrane 23 of the outermost circumference of the first segment 201 is adhesively fixed to the housing 10 .
  • the outermost circle of the first bending segment 202 , the outermost circle of the second segment 203 and the outermost circle of the second bending segment 204 are respectively the same as the outermost circle of the first segment 201 .
  • the outermost ring may be a pole piece, such as the first pole piece 21 or the second pole piece 22 .
  • the outermost ring may be the isolation diaphragm 23 .
  • the first current collector eg, aluminum foil
  • the first current collector can increase the hardness of the electrode assembly and play a role in protecting the electrode assembly.
  • the end section of the aluminum foil needs to be bonded to the inner surface of the casing through an adhesive layer, so that the electrode assembly and the casing are relatively fixed.
  • the electrochemical device is installed inside the electronic device, it is usually necessary to use another adhesive layer to bond the side of the casing corresponding to the end section of the aluminum foil to the inside of the electronic device.
  • the adhesive layer between the electronic device and the casing will pull on the casing, and the stress will be transmitted to the end of the aluminum foil, resulting in tearing of the end of the aluminum foil;
  • the end section of the aluminum foil will also be pulled, which will also cause the end section of the aluminum foil to tear.
  • the torn aluminum foil is easy to pierce the isolation film and cause a short circuit.
  • the electrode assembly moves more in the casing and produces a certain impact force on the casing. Especially when the electrochemical device is a soft-packed cell, the electrode assembly is more likely to punch out the edge of the casing. , leading to risks such as liquid leakage or short-circuit fire, causing the failure of the electrochemical device and reducing the safety of the use of the electrochemical device.
  • the separator 23 is extended and the separator 23 is used for finishing. Since the separator 23 has a higher roughness than the pole piece, the friction force between the electrode assembly 20 and the first adhesive member 50 can be increased, thereby The adhesive force between the electrode assembly 20 and the first adhesive member 50 is improved.
  • the part of the isolation film 23 can form a protective layer, so as to avoid the risk of short circuit caused by the wear of the pole pieces inside the isolation film 23 , thereby effectively increasing the mechanical shock resistance capability of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the material of the isolation film 23 has higher flexibility than the first current collector 211, it is not easy to occur under the action of stress. tearing, which improves the safety problem caused by tearing easily when the first current collector 211 ends.
  • the tail portion 2300 of the isolation film 23 is located in the first bending section 202 , that is, the outermost circle of the second section 203 is not provided with the isolation film 23 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 also bonds the outermost ring of the first bent segment 202 and bonds the tail portion 2300 of the isolation film 23 . That is, the first adhesive member 50 can also serve as a finishing glue for fixing the tail portion 2300 of the isolation film 23 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 is bonded to the outer surface of the first bending section 202 , so that the first adhesive member 50 has less influence on the thickness of the electrode assembly 20 , to avoid the increase of the thickness of the electrode assembly 20 due to the first bonding member 50 being bonded to the second segment 203 at the same time.
  • the thickness direction H of the electrode assembly 20 is the direction from the second segment 203 to the first segment 201 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost circle of the first bending section 202 can also be bonded to the casing 10 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 can also be extended. And bond the outer surface of the outermost ring of the first segment 201 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 can also be extended and adhered
  • the outer surface of the outermost ring of the second segment 203 is knotted.
  • the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first segment 201 is connected to the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first bent segment 202 . Since the first bonding member 50 is integrated into one body, it is beneficial to increase the bonding area between the first bonding member 50 and the casing 10 and the electrode assembly 20 , thereby ensuring the bonding force. Further, in the winding direction D1, the width W of the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost circle of the first segment 201 is greater than or equal to 5 mm.
  • the width W is less than 5 mm, the bonding between the first adhesive member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 and the casing 10 is not firm, and when the machine is abused, the movement of the electrode assembly 20 in the casing 10 becomes larger, and the casing is improved. 10 Risk of liquid leakage or short circuit fire caused by being flushed open.
  • the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first segment 201 and the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first bending segment 202 may also be separated from each other.
  • the outermost ring of the second segment 203 is the first pole piece 21 . Since the outermost ring of the second segment 203 is the first pole piece 21 , and the pole piece has generally greater hardness, the hardness of the electrode assembly 20 can be increased, thereby increasing the mechanical shock resistance of the electrode assembly 20 and improving safety. Further, the first pole piece 21 of the outermost circle of the second segment 203 may be a single-sided area. For example, the first pole piece 21 of the outermost circle of the second segment 203 may be a single-sided region of the positive electrode.
  • the first current collector 211 includes a first surface 2111 and a second surface 2112 opposite to the first surface 2111 , the first surface 2111 is not provided with the first active material layer 212 , and the second surface 2112 is provided with the first active material Layer 212.
  • the outer surface of the outermost ring of the second segment 203 is the first surface 2111 .
  • the first bonding member 50 bonds the first surface 2111 .
  • the polarities of the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 can also be reversed.
  • the first pole piece 21 of the outermost circle of the first segment 201 can also be a negative electrode single-sided area.
  • the tail portion 2300 of the first pole piece 21 is located in the second segment 203 .
  • the first bonding member 50 also bonds the outermost ring of the second bent segment 204 and bonds the tail portion 2100 of the first pole piece 21 . That is, the first adhesive member 50 can also serve as a finishing glue for fixing the tail portion 2100 of the first pole piece 21 .
  • the tail 2100 of the first pole piece 21 can be disposed near or at the connection between the second section 203 and the second bending section 204 , thereby improving the flatness of the electrode assembly 20 and the energy density of the electrochemical device 100 .
  • the tail portion 2200 of the second pole piece 22 may also be located on the second segment 203 . That is, along the winding direction D 1 , the isolation film 23 extends beyond the tail portion 2100 of the first pole piece 21 and the tail portion 2200 of the second pole piece 22 , and is further disposed on the second bending section 204 , the first section 201 and the first bending section 204 . folded section 202. Since the outermost circle of the second segment 203 is the first pole piece 21 , at this time, the isolation film 23 extends beyond the tail portion 2100 of the first pole piece 21 and the tail portion 2200 of the second pole piece 22 by less than one circle.
  • the tail 2200 of the second pole piece 22 can exceed the first pole piece 22 .
  • the tail portion 2100 of the pole piece 21 is a positive pole piece and the second pole piece 22 is a negative pole piece
  • the tail portion 2200 of the second pole piece 22 may also extend beyond the tail portion 2100 of the first pole piece 21 and be located in the first segment 201 .
  • This application is not intended to be limiting.
  • the length of the first adhesive member 50 is L 1 (mm)
  • the length of the first pole piece 21 is L 2 ( mm)
  • the length of the isolation film 23 is L 3 (mm)
  • L 1 , L 2 and L 3 satisfy: L 2 ⁇ 20 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ L 3 +20.
  • the length of the edge 2301 of the separator 23 beyond the edge 501 of the first adhesive member 50 is less than or equal to 10mm
  • the length of the edge 2101 of the first pole piece 21 beyond the edge 501 of the first adhesive member 50 is less than or equal to 10mm.
  • L 2 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ L 3 L 2 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ L 3 . That is, at one end of the electrode assembly, the projection of the edge 501 of the first adhesive member 50 is located between the projection of the edge 2101 of the first pole piece 21 and the projection of the edge 2301 of the separator 23 . Therefore, the first adhesive member 50 can fix the isolation film 23, reducing the risk of a short circuit caused by the contact of the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 due to the shrinkage of the isolation film 23 during mechanical abuse.
  • the edge 501 does not exceed the edge 2301 of the isolation film 23, which further reduces the risk that the part of the first adhesive member 50 beyond the isolation film 23 enters the edge sealing 12 of the casing 10, resulting in the reduction of the sealing strength at the edge sealing 12 or the risk of easy liquid leakage .
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a head wrap 90 and a tail wrap 91 .
  • the head wrap 90 is disposed on the head of the electrode assembly 20 provided with the first tab 30 and the second tab 40 , and is used to bond the edge of the isolation membrane 23 to the outermost ring of the second segment 203 .
  • the tail wrap 91 is disposed at the tail of the electrode assembly 20 for bonding the edge of the isolation film 23 to the outermost ring of the second segment 203 . Therefore, the head wrap 90 and the tail wrap 91 can prevent the isolation film 23 from being folded or contracted, so that the first pole piece 21 and the second pole piece 22 are directly contacted and short-circuited.
  • another embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 200 .
  • the difference from the electrochemical device 100 is that the tail of the isolation membrane 23 may also be located in the second section 203 .
  • the first adhesive member 50 also bonds the outermost circle of the second segment 203 and the tail portion 2300 of the isolation film 23 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 further includes a second bonding member 60 .
  • the second bonding member 60 bonds the outermost pole piece of the first segment 201 and the isolation film 23 located outside the outermost pole piece of the first segment 201 , that is, the outermost pole piece of the first segment 201 .
  • the separator 23 is adhesively secured to the pole pieces of the outermost ring of the first segment 201 .
  • the outermost ring pole piece refers to the outermost ring (outermost layer) of the pole piece in the winding structure, that is, the pole piece closest to the outer ring (outer layer) in the winding structure.
  • the outermost ring of the first segment 201 may be the isolation diaphragm 23
  • the pole piece of the outermost ring of the first segment 201 is the pole piece closest to the outer ring, which may be the first pole piece 21 or the second pole piece 22 .
  • the outermost circle of the first segment 201 may be the first pole piece 21
  • the outermost circle pole piece of the first segment 201 is the first pole piece 21 .
  • the outermost pole piece of the first segment 201 is the first pole piece 21 . Further, the first pole piece 21 of the outermost circle of the first segment 201 may be a single-sided area. Specifically, the outer surface of the outermost ring of the first segment 201 is the first surface 2111 of the first current collector 211. At this time, the second adhesive member 60 bonds the first surface 2111 and the isolation film 23 .
  • the second bonding member 60 may also be omitted.
  • the coating layer of the isolation film 23 may be set to directly bond the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment 201 .
  • the adhesive force between the coating of the isolation membrane 23 and the outermost ring pole piece of the first segment 201 may be greater than or equal to 3 N/m.
  • another embodiment of the present application further provides an electrochemical device 400 .
  • the difference from the electrochemical device 300 is that the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first segment 201 , the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the first bending segment 202 , and the second segment 203
  • the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring and the first adhesive member 50 on the outermost ring of the second bending section 204 are connected in sequence. At this time, the first adhesive member 50 surrounds the entire outer surface of the electrode assembly 20 .
  • the electrochemical device 100 (or electrochemical devices 200, 300, 400) of the present application includes all devices capable of generating electrochemical reactions.
  • the electrochemical device 100 includes all kinds of primary cells, secondary cells, fuel cells, solar cells, and capacitors (eg, supercapacitors).
  • the electrochemical device 100 may be a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 1 .
  • the electronic device 1 includes an electrochemical device 100 (or electrochemical devices 200 , 300 , 400 ), a accommodating chamber 101 and a third adhesive Piece 102.
  • the electrochemical device 100 is disposed in the accommodating chamber 101 , and the third bonding member 102 is bonded to the housing 10 and the accommodating chamber 101 facing the first section 201 . That is, the third adhesive member 102 is used for adhesively fixing the housing 10 to the accommodating bin 101 .
  • the third adhesive member 102 may be double-sided adhesive tape or hot melt adhesive.
  • the third adhesive member 102 can inhibit the movement of the electrochemical device 100 in the accommodating chamber 101 , and the first adhesive member 50 can inhibit the electrochemical device 100 from moving.
  • the movement of the electrode assembly 20 in the casing 10 reduces the risk of liquid leakage or short-circuit fire caused by the casing 10 being flushed open.
  • the adhesive force F 1 between the first adhesive member 50 and the casing 10 is set to be smaller than the adhesive force F 2 between the first adhesive member 50 and the electrode assembly 20 , so in the process of mechanical abuse
  • the electrode assembly 20 moves in the casing 10 and pulls the first adhesive member 50, resulting in a large stress transmitted to the electrode assembly 20, the first adhesive member 50 can be separated from the casing 10 in time, so that the first adhesive member 50 can be separated from the casing 10 in time. Relieving this stress reduces the risk of tearing the current collector of the pole piece.
  • the electrochemical device 100 of the present application is applicable to electronic devices 1 in various fields.
  • the electronic device 1 of the present application can be, but is not limited to, a notebook computer, a pen input computer, a mobile computer, an e-book player, a portable phone, a portable fax machine, a portable copier, a portable printer, a head-mounted Stereo Headphones, VCRs, LCD TVs, Portable Cleaners, Portable CD Players, Mini CDs, Transceivers, Electronic Notepads, Calculators, Memory Cards, Portable Recorders, Radios, Backup Power, Motors, Automobiles, Motorcycles, Power-assisted Bicycles , bicycles, lighting equipment, toys, game consoles, clocks, power tools, flashlights, cameras, large household batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.
  • An electrode assembly with a length of 76 mm, a width of 63 mm, and a thickness of 5.2 mm was used.
  • the electrode assembly is finished with a separator.
  • the tails of the first pole piece and the second pole piece are both located in the second section, and the current collector of the first pole piece is an aluminum foil.
  • the isolation membrane extends beyond the tail of the first pole piece and the tail of the second pole piece, the outermost circle of the first segment is the isolation membrane, and the tail of the isolation membrane is located in the first bent segment.
  • the first bonding member bonds the aluminum-plastic film, also bonds the outermost isolation film of the first segment, the outermost isolation film of the first bending segment, and fixes the tail of the isolation film.
  • the width W of the first bonding member on the outermost ring of the first segment is 7 mm.
  • the adhesive force F 1 between the first adhesive piece and the aluminum-plastic film is 20N/m
  • the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are encapsulated in an aluminum plastic film, and at this time, an electrochemical device is obtained.
  • Example 2-6 The difference from Example 1 is that F 1 /F 2 in Example 2-6 is different, and Example 2-6 satisfies the following condition: 5% ⁇ F 1 /F 2 ⁇ 70%.
  • Example 7-13 The difference from Example 6 is that F 1 in Examples 7-13 is different, and Examples 7-13 satisfy the following conditions: 10N/ m ⁇ F1 ⁇ 520N /m.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that F 1 /F 2 in Comparative Example 1-2 is different, and Comparative Example 1-2 does not satisfy the following condition: 5% ⁇ F 1 /F 2 ⁇ 70%.
  • Example 6 is different in that W is different in Examples 16-20.
  • the method for testing the adhesive force of the first adhesive member is as follows: disassemble the electrochemical device, and keep the adhesive interface between the casing and the electrode assembly in good condition. Put the disassembled electrochemical device into a punching machine, and perform punching to prepare 4-8mm strips. Stick double-sided tape on the steel plate, and fix the electrode assembly surface of the test strip on the double-sided tape. Use a cardboard piece of the same width to fix one end of the packaging bag to obtain the sample to be tested. One end of the steel plate is fixed to the lower end of the universal tensile machine, and the paper strip is reversely pulled 180° and fixed to the upper end of the tensile machine for testing at a speed of 50mm/min. After the test is completed, the average value of the plateau of the tensile curve is recorded. 10 samples were tested in parallel for each group.
  • Drop tests were performed on the electrochemical devices of each embodiment and comparative example, and the corresponding drop test results were recorded in Table 1.
  • 10 electrochemical devices of each group of examples and each group of comparative examples were selected for testing, and the specific method of the drop test was: first fully charge the battery, adjust it to 100% SOC (State of Charge, state of charge), And after charging and standing for 2 hours, measure the voltage and internal resistance of the battery before the drop; put the battery into the fixture compartment, put a 1mm silicone pad on the battery surface, press it with a 5kg pressure block for 12 hours, and install the upper cover of the fixture compartment plate; use automatic drop equipment to drop the fixture compartment with battery from the 1.8m position to the steel plate in turn in the manner of the head, tail, upper right corner, lower right corner, upper left corner, and lower left corner of the fixture compartment.
  • the ratio of the torn aluminum foil is 0/10, indicating that among the 10 electrochemical devices that have been tested, the number of electrochemical devices in which the aluminum foil is torn is 0.
  • the aluminum foil was torn at a ratio of 10/10, indicating that the number of electrochemical devices in which the aluminum foil was torn was 10 among the 10 electrochemical devices tested.
  • the meanings of other ratio values are analogous.
  • Examples 14-16 satisfy W ⁇ 5mm, so the anti-drop performance of the electrochemical device is also higher.
  • the W of Examples 17-18 is less than 5 mm, which leads to a decrease in safety performance compared to Examples 14-16.

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Abstract

一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件和第一粘结件。电极组件位于壳体内。第一粘结件粘结壳体和电极组件。第一粘结件与壳体之间的粘结力为F 1，第一粘结件与电极组件之间的粘结力为F 2，5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％，15N/m≤F 1≤500N/m。本申请还提供一种具有上述电化学装置的电子装置。本申请可提高电化学装置的抗跌落性和安全性。

Description

电化学装置和电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电化学装置以及具有该电化学装置的电子装置。
背景技术
电化学装置(如电池)在电子移动设备、电动工具及电动汽车等电子产品中有着广泛使用，人们对电化学装置的安全性能要求也越来越高。由于电子产品在使用过程中常会发生跌落、碰撞、振动等机械滥用，这容易导致电化学装置内部发生短路，引发失效，降低使用安全性。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术存在的不足，有必要提出一种有利于改善抗跌落性能和安全性的电化学装置。
另，还有必要提供一种具有该电化学装置的电子装置。
本申请提供一种电化学装置，包括壳体、电极组件和第一粘结件。电极组件位于壳体内。第一粘结件粘结壳体和电极组件。第一粘结件与壳体之间的粘结力为F 1，第一粘结件与电极组件之间的粘结力为F 2，5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％，15N/m≤F 1≤500N/m。
本申请设置第一粘结件，因此电极组件和壳体之间相互粘结固定，从而抑制机械滥用(跌落、碰撞、振动)时电极组件在壳体内的窜动，减少壳体被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险；再者，由于电极组件的极片的集流体硬度较大，本申请设置F 1和F 2满足特定条件，不仅能够保证第一粘结件与壳体以及电极组件粘结牢固，同时，在机械滥用过程中电极组件在壳体内窜动并对第一粘结件产生拉扯，导致传导至电极组件的应力较大的情况下，第一粘结件能够及时与壳体分离，从而释放该应力，降低极片的集流体被撕裂的风险。
在一些可能的实现方式中，25％≤F 1/F 2≤55％，此时，电化学装置抗跌落性能进一步提高。
在一些可能的实现方式中，30N/m≤F 1≤300N/m，此时，电化学装置安全性能进一步提高。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一粘结件包括基材层以及设置在基材层两侧的第一粘结层和第二粘结层。第一粘结层粘结壳体。第二粘结层粘结电极组件。通过设置第一粘结件为三 层结构，实现第一粘结件两侧的粘结力不同。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电极组件包括极片和隔离膜。极片包括第一极片和第二极片，隔离膜设置于第一极片和第二极片之间。电极组件为卷绕结构。在卷绕方向上，电极组件包括依次连接的第一段、第一弯折段、第二段和第二弯折段。第一段的最外圈为隔离膜。第一粘结件粘结壳体，并粘结第一段的最外圈。本申请将隔离膜延长并利用隔离膜进行收尾，由于隔离膜粗糙度更高，因此可以增加电极组件与第一粘结件之间的摩擦力，从而提高电极组件与第一粘结件之间的粘结力。而且该部分隔离膜能够形成保护层，避免隔离膜内侧的极片由于磨损带来的短路风险，有效增加了电极组件耐机械冲击的能力。而且，当电极组件在壳体内窜动并对隔离膜产生拉扯时，由于隔离膜的材质具有较高的柔韧性，因此不易在应力作用下发生撕裂，改善了极片的集流体收尾时容易发生撕裂导致的安全性问题。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在卷绕方向上，第一段最外圈上的第一粘结件的宽度大于或等于5mm，从而避免宽度过小导致第一粘结件与电极组件和壳体之间粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极组件在壳体内的窜动变大，降低了壳体被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在卷绕方向上，隔离膜的尾部位于第一弯折段。第一粘结件还粘结所述第一弯折段的最外圈，并粘结隔离膜的尾部。因此，第一粘结件可同时作为收尾胶，用于固定隔离膜的尾部。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一段的最外圈上的第一粘结件和第一弯折段的最外圈上的第一粘结件相连接，从而有利于提高第一粘结件与壳体以及电极组件的粘结面积。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在卷绕方向上，隔离膜的尾部位于第二段。第一粘结件还粘结所述第一弯折段的最外圈和第二段的最外圈，并粘结隔离膜的尾部。因此，第一粘结件可同时作为收尾胶，用于固定隔离膜的尾部。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第二段的最外圈为第一极片。第一极片包括第一集流体和设置于第一集流体上的第一活性材料层。第一集流体包括第一面，第二段的最外圈的外表面为第一面。第一粘结件还粘结第一面。由于第二段的最外圈为第一极片，而极片的硬度通常较大，因此可以增加电极组件的硬度，从而增加电极组件耐机械冲击的能力，提高安全性。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在卷绕方向上，第一极片的尾部位于第二段。第一粘结件还粘结第二弯折段的最外圈并粘结第一极片的尾部。因此，第一粘结件可同时作为收尾胶，用于固定第一极片的尾部。
在一些可能的实现方式中，电化学装置还包括第二粘结件。第二粘结件粘结第一段的最 外圈极片和位于第一段的最外圈极片外侧的隔离膜。因此，第一段的最外圈极片粘结固定至位于第一段的最外圈极片外侧的隔离膜。
在一些可能的实现方式中，在垂直电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向上，在电极组件的一端，第一粘结件的边缘的投影位于第一极片的边缘的投影和隔离膜的边缘的投影之间。因此，第一粘结件可以固定隔离膜，降低机械滥用时隔离膜收缩导致第一极片和第二极片接触引发短路的风险，还进一步降低了第一粘结件超出隔离膜的部分进入壳体的封边，导致封边封边处封印强度降低或容易漏液的风险。
本申请还提供一种电子装置，包括上述电化学装置。电子装置还包括容置仓和第三粘结件。电化学装置设置于容置仓中。第三粘结件粘结面对第一段的壳体和容置仓。因此，当电子装置发生机械滥用，第三粘结件能够抑制电化学装置在容置仓内的窜动，且第一粘结件能够抑制电化学装置的电极组件在壳体内的窜动，从而减少壳体被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险，提高了安全性。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的电化学装置的整体结构示意图。
图2为本申请一实施方式提供的电化学装置的剖视图。
图3为图2所示的电化学装置去掉壳体后于一些实施例中的剖视图。
图4为图1所示的电化学装置的壳体在封装前的结构示意图。
图5为图3所示的电化学装置的第一粘结件的剖视图。
图6为图2所示的电化学装置去掉壳体后的左视图。
图7为图2所示的电化学装置去掉壳体后的后视图。
图8为图2所示的电化学装置去掉壳体后的前视图。
图9为本申请另一实施方式提供的电化学装置的剖视图。
图10为本申请又一实施方式提供的电化学装置的剖视图。
图11为本申请再一实施方式提供的电化学装置的剖视图。
图12为本申请一实施方式提供的电子装置的整体结构示意图。
图13为图12所示的电子装置的剖视图。
主要元件符号说明
电子装置                1
壳体                    10
本体部                  11
封边                    12
第一封装膜              13
第二封装膜              14
电极组件                20
第一极片                21
第二极片                22
隔离膜                  23
第一极耳                30
第二极耳                40
第一粘结件              50
基材层                  51
第一粘结层              52
第二粘结层              53
第二粘结件              60
头部绕胶                90
尾部绕胶                91
电化学装置              100、200、300、400
容置仓                  101
第三粘结件              102
第一凹坑                130
第二凹坑                140
第一段                  201
第一弯折段              202
第二段                  203
第二弯折段              204
第一集流体              211
第一活性材料层          212
第二集流体              221
第二活性材料层          222
第一面                  2111
第二面                  2112
边缘                    201、2101、2301
尾部                    2100、2200、2300
厚度方向                H
卷绕中心轴              C
垂直卷绕中心轴的方向    D 2
卷绕方向                D 1
宽度                    W
长度                    L 1、L 2、L 3
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不在于限制本申请。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1和图2，本申请一实施方式提供一种电化学装置100，包括壳体10、电极组件20和电解液(图未示)。电极组件20和电解液均位于壳体10内。电极组件20包括极片和隔离膜23。极片包括第一极片21和第二极片22，隔离膜23设置于第一极片21和第二极片22之间。隔离膜23用于防止第一极片21和第二极片22直接接触，从而防止电极组件20短路。在一些实施例中，电极组件20为卷绕结构，即，第一极片21、隔离膜23和第二极片22 依次层叠卷绕形成电极组件20。在另一些实施例中，电极组件20也可以为叠片结构，即，第一极片21、隔离膜23和第二极片22依次层叠形成电极组件20，本申请并不作限制。
请一并参照图3，第一极片21包括第一集流体211和设置于第一集流体211上的第一活性材料层212。第二极片22包括第二集流体221和设置于第二集流体221上的第二活性材料层222。在一些实施例中，第一极片21为正极极片，第二极片22为负极极片。第一集流体211可以为，但不限于铝箔或镍箔。第二集流体221可以为，但并不限于铜箔或镍箔。
在一些实施例中，隔离膜23包括多孔基材。在一些实施例中，隔离膜23还包括设置于多孔基材上的涂层，涂层包括粘结剂或无机颗粒中的至少一种。
多孔基材为由选自以下任一种聚合物或两种以上的混合物形成的聚合物膜、多层聚合物膜、或无纺布：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯二甲酰苯二胺、聚酯、聚缩醛、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚芳醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、聚醚砜、聚苯醚、环烯烃共聚物、聚苯硫醚和聚乙烯萘。此类聚合物具有较高的热稳定性，并且易于进行表面处理，从而易于涂覆各类涂层。另外，该类聚合物韧性较好，易于折弯。
粘结剂包括以下聚合物中的至少一种：偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯的共聚物、偏二氟乙烯-三氯乙烯的共聚物、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚酰亚胺、聚氧化乙烯、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素、氰基乙基支链淀粉、氰基乙基聚乙烯醇、氰基乙基纤维素、氰基乙基蔗糖、支链淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素锂、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯的共聚物、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醚、聚四氟乙烯、聚六氟丙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯的共聚物和聚偏二氟乙烯。这些聚合物能够产生较强的粘结作用，将无机颗粒粘结在一起，或将隔离膜23和第一极片21/第二极片22粘结在一起而成一体化，加大电极组件20的硬度。当然，在其它实施例中，粘结剂还可以包括其它聚合物。
无机颗粒包括以下无机颗粒中的至少一种：二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化镁、二氧化铪、氧化锡、氧化锆、氧化钇、碳化硅、勃姆石、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、钛酸钙、钛酸钡、磷酸锂、磷酸钛锂、钛酸镧锂。这类无机颗粒都具有较高的热稳定性，能够提高电化学装置100的耐高温性能。
如图1和图2所示，电化学装置100还包括第一极耳30和第二极耳40。第一极耳30和第二极耳40分别电连接于第一集流体211和第二集流体221，并从壳体10伸出以连接外部 元件(图未示)。
在一些实施例中，壳体10可以是采用封装膜(如铝塑膜)封装得到的包装袋，即电化学装置100可以为软包电芯。请一并参照图1和图4，壳体10包括用于容置电极组件20的本体部11以及连接于本体部11的封边12。第一极耳30和第二极耳40自封边12处伸出。壳体10可由第一封装膜13和第二封装膜14热封而成，第一封装膜13设有第一凹坑130，第二封装膜14设有第二凹坑140。如此，当第一封装膜13和第二封装膜14热封后，第一凹坑130和第二凹坑140配合形成用于收容电极组件20的容置空间。当然，第一封装膜13还可以为平板结构，当第一封装膜13和第二封装膜14热封后，第一封装膜13封闭第二封装膜14的第二凹坑140以形成用于收容电极组件20的容置空间。在另一些实施例中，电化学装置100并不限于软包电芯，还可以为钢壳电芯或铝壳电芯等，本申请并不作限制。
如图2和图3所示，电化学装置100还包括第一粘结件50。第一粘结件粘结壳体10和电极组件20。定义第一粘结件50与壳体10之间的粘结力为F 1，第一粘结件50与电极组件20之间的粘结力为F 2，第一粘结件50与壳体10之间的粘结力F 1小于第一粘结件50与电极组件20之间的粘结力F 2，更具体地，F 1和F 2满足：5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％，15N/m≤F 1≤500N/m。
本申请设置第一粘结件50，因此电极组件20和壳体10之间相互粘结固定，从而抑制机械滥用(跌落、碰撞、振动)时电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动，减少壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。再者，由于极片的集流体硬度较大，本申请设置F 1和F 2满足特定关系，不仅能够保证第一粘结件50与壳体10以及电极组件20粘结牢固，同时，在机械滥用过程中电极组件20在壳体10内窜动并对第一粘结件50产生拉扯，导致传导至电极组件20的应力较大的情况下，第一粘结件50能够及时与壳体10分离，从而释放该应力，降低极片的集流体被撕裂的风险。
其中，当F 1/F 2小于5％时，F 1较小，使得电极组件20与壳体10之间粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动变大，提高了壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。反之，当F 1/F 2大于70％时，F 2较小，使得电极组件20与壳体10之间粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动变大，提高了壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险；或者是F 1较大，使得机械滥用过程中传导至电极组件20的应力较大的情况下，第一粘结件50未能及时与壳体10分离并释放该应力，同样提高了极片的集流体被撕裂的风险。
其中，当F 1小于15N/m时，电极组件20与壳体10之间粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极 组件20在壳体10内的窜动变大，提高了壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。反之，当F 1大于500N/m时，机械滥用过程中传导至电极组件20的应力较大的情况下，第一粘结件50未能及时与壳体10分离并释放该应力，同样提高了极片的集流体被撕裂的风险。
请参阅图5，在一些实施例中，第一粘结件50可以为双面胶。其中，第一粘结件50包括基材层51以及设置在基材层51两侧的第一粘结层52和第二粘结层53。第一粘结层52粘结壳体10，即第一粘结件50与壳体10之间的粘结力F 1为第一粘结层52与壳体10之间的粘结力。第二粘结层53粘结电极组件20，即第一粘结件50与电极组件20之间的粘结力F 2为第二粘结层53与电极组件20之间的粘结力。通过设置第一粘结件50为三层结构，实现第一粘结件50两侧的粘结力不同。在一些实施例中，基材层51可以选自聚丙烯、聚酰亚胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯及聚乙烯中的一种或多种。在一些实施例中，第一粘结层52和第二粘结层53可以各自独立的选自丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、橡胶及硅胶中的一种或多种。在另一些实施例中，第一粘结件50也可以为热熔胶，热熔胶可以选自聚烯烃类热熔胶、聚氨酯类热熔胶、乙烯及其共聚物类热熔胶、聚酯类热熔胶、聚酰胺类热熔胶、苯乙烯及其嵌段共聚物类热熔胶中的一种或几种，本申请并不作限制。
如图3所示，电极组件20为卷绕结构。其中，电极组件20具有垂直于纸面的卷绕中心轴C。卷绕方向D 1为图3所示沿卷绕中心轴C方向进行逆时针转动的方向。在卷绕方向D 1上，电极组件20包括依次连接的第一段201、第一弯折段202、第二段203和第二弯折段204。在一些实施例中，第一段201和第二段203可为平行设置的平直段。在另一些实施例中，第一段201和第二段203还可以为弯折段，本申请并不作限制。
在一些实施例中，电极组件20采用隔离膜23进行收尾，且第一段201的最外圈为隔离膜23。应当理解的是，第一段201的最外圈为隔离膜23是指卷绕结构中第一段201的卷绕的最外圈(最外层)为隔离膜23。第一粘结件50粘结壳体10，并粘结第一段201的最外圈的隔离膜23，即，第一段201的最外圈的隔离膜23粘结固定至壳体10。
应当理解的是，在本申请中，第一弯折段202的最外圈、第二段203的最外圈和第二弯折段204的最外圈分别与第一段201的最外圈有着类似的含义，即在其卷绕结构中位于最外圈(最外层)的部分。在一些实施例中，位于最外圈的可以是极片，如第一极片21或第二极片22。在一些实施例中，位于最外圈的可以是隔离膜23。
如果电极组件采用第一集流体(如铝箔)作为收尾段，第一集流体可以增大电极组件的硬度，起到保护电极组件的作用。而且，为了减少电极组件在壳体内的相对运动，铝箔收尾 段需通过胶层粘结至壳体内表面，使得电极组件与壳体相对固定。当将电化学装置安装至电子装置内部时，通常需要利用另一胶层将壳体对应铝箔收尾段的一侧与电子装置内部粘结。在这种情况下，当电子装置发生机械滥用时，电子装置与壳体之间的胶层会对壳体产生拉扯，应力会传导至铝箔收尾处，导致铝箔收尾段撕裂；同时电极组件在壳体内窜动时也会对铝箔收尾段产生拉扯，同样会导致铝箔收尾段撕裂。撕裂后的铝箔容易刺穿隔离膜引发短路。另一方面，铝箔撕裂后，电极组件在壳体内窜动加剧并对壳体产生一定的冲击力，尤其当电化学装置为软包电芯时，电极组件更容易冲开壳体的封边，导致漏液或短路起火等风险，引发电化学装置失效，降低电化学装置的使用安全性。
本申请将隔离膜23延长并利用隔离膜23进行收尾，由于隔离膜23相较于极片的粗糙度更高，因此可以增加电极组件20与第一粘结件50之间的摩擦力，从而提高电极组件20与第一粘结件50之间的粘结力。而且该部分隔离膜23能够形成保护层，避免隔离膜23内侧的极片由于磨损带来的短路风险，有效增加了电极组件20耐机械冲击的能力。而且，当电极组件20在壳体10内窜动并对隔离膜23产生拉扯时，由于隔离膜23的材质相较于第一集流体211具有较高的柔韧性，因此不易在应力作用下发生撕裂，改善了第一集流体211收尾时容易发生撕裂导致的安全性问题。
如图3所示，在卷绕方向D 1上，隔离膜23的尾部2300位于第一弯折段202，即第二段203的最外圈不设隔离膜23。第一粘结件50还粘结第一弯折段202的最外圈，并粘结隔离膜23的尾部2300。即，第一粘结件50可同时作为收尾胶，用于固定隔离膜23的尾部2300。由于隔离膜23的尾部2300位于第一弯折段202，因此第一粘结件50粘结第一弯折段202的外表面，使第一粘结件50对电极组件20厚度的影响较小，避免第一粘结件50粘结同时第二段203而导致电极组件20厚度的增加。如图3所示，电极组件20的厚度方向H为自第二段203至第一段201的方向。其中，第一弯折段202最外圈上的第一粘结件50也可粘结壳体10。
其中，当隔离膜23的尾部2300靠近或位于第一弯折段202与第一段201的连接处设置时，为了对隔离膜23的尾部2300进行有效固定，第一粘结件50还可延长并粘结第一段201最外圈的外表面。当隔离膜23的尾部2300靠近或位于第一弯折段202与第二段203的连接处设置时，为了对隔离膜23的尾部2300进行有效固定，第一粘结件50还可延长并粘结第二段203最外圈的外表面。
在一些实施例中，第一段201的最外圈上的第一粘结件50和第一弯折段202的最外圈上的第一粘结件50相连接。由于第一粘结件50整合为一体，有利于提高第一粘结件50与壳体 10以及电极组件20的粘结面积，从而保证粘结力。进一步地，在卷绕方向D 1上，第一段201最外圈上的第一粘结件50的宽度W大于或等于5mm。当宽度W小于5mm时，第一粘结件50与电极组件20和壳体10之间粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动变大，提高了壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。在其它实施例中，第一段201的最外圈上的第一粘结件50和第一弯折段202的最外圈上的第一粘结件50也可以相互分离。
在一些实施例中，第二段203的最外圈为第一极片21。由于第二段203的最外圈为第一极片21，而极片的硬度通常较大，因此可以增加电极组件20的硬度，从而增加电极组件20耐机械冲击的能力，提高安全性。进一步地，第二段203的最外圈的第一极片21可以为单面区。例如，第二段203最外圈的第一极片21可以为正极单面区。具体地，第一集流体211包括第一面2111和与第一面2111相对的第二面2112，第一面2111未设有第一活性材料层212，第二面2112设有第一活性材料层212。第二段203的最外圈的外表面为第一面2111。此时，第一粘结件50粘结第一面2111。在另一些实施例中，第一极片21和第二极片22的极性也可以对换，此时，第一段201最外圈的第一极片21也可以为负极单面区。
如图3所示，在一些实施例中，在卷绕方向D 1上，第一极片21的尾部2300位于第二段203。第一粘结件50还粘结第二弯折段204的最外圈并粘结第一极片21的尾部2100。即，第一粘结件50可同时作为收尾胶，用于固定第一极片21的尾部2100。其中，第一极片21的尾部2100可靠近或位于第二段203与第二弯折段204的连接处设置，从而提高电极组件20的平整度并提高电化学装置100的能量密度。
如图3所示，进一步地，在卷绕方向D 1上，第二极片22的尾部2200也可位于第二段203上。即，沿卷绕方向D 1，隔离膜23超出第一极片21的尾部2100和第二极片22的尾部2200，并进一步设于第二弯折段204、第一段201和第一弯折段202上。由于第二段203的最外圈为第一极片21，此时，隔离膜23超出第一极片21的尾部2100和第二极片22的尾部2200不到一圈。可以理解，当第一极片21为正极极片且第二极片22为负极极片时，为了降低析锂风险，沿卷绕方向D 1，第二极片22的尾部2200可超出第一极片21的尾部2100。
在另一些实施例中，第二极片22的尾部2200也可以超出第一极片21的尾部2100并位于第一段201。本申请并不作限制。
请参阅图6，在一些实施例中，在电极组件20的卷绕中心轴C方向上，第一粘结件50的长度为L 1(mm)，第一极片21的长度为L 2(mm)，隔离膜23的长度为L 3(mm)，则L 1、L 2和L 3满足：L 2-20≤L 1≤L 3+20。即，结合参照图7和图8，在垂直卷绕中心轴C的方向D 2上， 在电极组件的一端，隔离膜23的边缘2301超出第一粘结件50的边缘501的长度小于或等于10mm，第一极片21的边缘2101超出第一粘结件50的边缘501的长度小于或等于10mm。如此，避免了长度L 1过大导致第一粘结件50进入壳体10的封边12，导致封边12处封印强度降低或容易漏液的风险；也避免了长度L 1过小导致粘结不牢固，当机械滥用时电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动变大，提高了壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。
可选地，L 2≤L 1≤L 3。即，在电极组件的一端，第一粘结件50的边缘501的投影位于第一极片21的边缘2101的投影和隔离膜23的边缘2301的投影之间。因此，第一粘结件50可以固定隔离膜23，降低了机械滥用时隔离膜23收缩导致第一极片21和第二极片22接触引发短路的风险，且由于第一粘结件50的边缘501不超出隔离膜23的边缘2301，还进一步降低了第一粘结件50超出隔离膜23的部分进入壳体10的封边12，导致封边12处封印强度降低或容易漏液的风险。
请一并参照图7和图8，在一些实施例中，电化学装置100还包括头部绕胶90和尾部绕胶91。头部绕胶90设置于电极组件20设有第一极耳30和第二极耳40的头部，用于将隔离膜23的边缘粘结至第二段203的最外圈。尾部绕胶91设置于电极组件20的尾部，用于将隔离膜23的边缘粘结至第二段203的最外圈。从而，头部绕胶90和尾部绕胶91可以防止隔离膜23发生打褶或收缩，使得第一极片21和第二极片22直接接触而短路的情况发生。
请参照图9，本申请另一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置200。与电化学装置100不同之处在于，隔离膜23的尾部还可以位于第二段203。此时，为了对隔离膜23的尾部2300进行有效固定，第一粘结件50还粘结第二段203的最外圈并粘结隔离膜23的尾部2300。
请参照图10，本申请又一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置300。与电化学装置100不同之处在于，在一些实施例中，电化学装置100还包括第二粘结件60。第二粘结件60粘结第一段201的最外圈极片和位于第一段201的最外圈极片外侧的隔离膜23，即，第一段201的最外圈极片外侧的隔离膜23粘结固定至第一段201的最外圈的极片。
在本申请中，最外圈极片是指卷绕结构中极片的最外圈(最外层)，即卷绕结构中最靠近外圈(外层)的极片。在一些实施例中，第一段201的最外圈可以是隔离膜23，此时第一段201的最外圈的极片是最靠近外圈的极片，其可以是第一极片21或第二极片22。在一些实施例中，第一段201的最外圈可能是第一极片21，则第一段201的最外圈极片即此第一极片21。
其中，第一段201的最外圈极片为第一极片21。进一步地，第一段201的最外圈的第一极片21可以为单面区。具体地，第一段201的最外圈的外表面为第一集流体211的第一面 2111。此时，第二粘结件60粘结第一面2111和隔离膜23。
在另一些实施例中，第二粘结件60也可以省略，此时，可设置隔离膜23的涂层直接粘结第一段201的最外圈极片。其中，隔离膜23的涂层与第一段201的最外圈极片之间的粘结力可大于或等于3N/m。
请参照图11，本申请再一实施方式还提供一种电化学装置400。与电化学装置300不同之处在于，第一段201的最外圈上的第一粘结件50、第一弯折段202最外圈上的第一粘结件50、第二段203的最外圈上的第一粘结件50以及第二弯折段204的最外圈上的第一粘结件50依次连接。此时，第一粘结件50围绕电极组件20的整个外表面。
其中，本申请的电化学装置100(或电化学装置200、300、400)包括所有能够发生电化学反应的装置。具体的，电化学装置100包括所有种类的原电池、二次电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池和电容器(例如超级电容器)。可选地，电化学装置100可以为锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池和锂离子聚合物二次电池。
请参阅图12和图13，本申请一实施方式还提供一种电子装置1，电子装置1包括电化学装置100(或电化学装置200、300、400)、容置仓101和第三粘结件102。电化学装置100设置于容置仓101中，第三粘结件102粘结面对第一段201的壳体10和容置仓101。即，第三粘结件102用于将壳体10粘结固定至容置仓101。其中，第三粘结件102可以为双面胶或热熔胶。
在本申请中，当电子装置1发生机械滥用时，第三粘结件102能够抑制电化学装置100在容置仓101内的窜动，且第一粘结件50能够抑制电化学装置100的电极组件20在壳体10内的窜动，从而减少壳体10被冲开导致的漏液或短路起火的风险。再者，本申请设置第一粘结件50与壳体10之间的粘结力F 1小于第一粘结件50与电极组件20之间的粘结力F 2，因此在机械滥用过程中电极组件20在壳体10内窜动并对第一粘结件50产生拉扯，导致传导至电极组件20的应力较大的情况下，第一粘结件50能够及时与壳体10分离，从而释放该应力，降低极片的集流体被撕裂的风险。
其中，本申请的电化学装置100适用于各种领域的电子装置1。在一实施方式中，本申请的电子装置1可以是，但不限于笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手提式清洁器、便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力 自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、钟表、电动工具、闪光灯、照相机、家庭用大型蓄电池和锂离子电容器等。
以下通过具体实施例和对比例对本申请作详细说明。其中，以电化学装置为软包电芯为例并结合具体制备过程和测试方法对本申请进行说明，本领域技术人员应理解，本申请中描述的制备方法仅是实例，其他任何合适的制备方法均在本申请的范围内。
实施例1
采用长度76mm、宽63mm、厚度5.2mm的电极组件。电极组件采用隔离膜进行收尾。第一极片和第二极片的尾部均位于第二段，第一极片的集流体为铝箔。隔离膜超出第一极片的尾部和第二极片的尾部，第一段的最外圈为隔离膜，且隔离膜的尾部位于第一弯折段。
第一粘结件粘结铝塑膜，还粘结第一段的最外圈的隔离膜、第一弯折段的最外圈的隔离膜并固定所述隔离膜的尾部。沿卷绕方向，第一段的最外圈上的第一粘结件的宽度W为7mm。第一粘结件与铝塑膜之间的粘结力F 1为20N/m，第一粘结件与隔离膜之间的粘结力F 2为400N/m，即F 1/F 2＝5％。
将电极组件和电解液封装至铝塑膜内，此时，得到电化学装置。
实施例2-6
与实施例1不同之处在于，实施例2-6中F 1/F 2不同，且实施例2-6满足以下条件：5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％。
实施例7-15
与实施例6不同之处在于，实施例7-13中F 1不同，且实施例7-13满足以下条件：10N/m≤F 1≤520N/m。
对比例1-2
与实施例1不同之处在于，对比例1-2中F 1/F 2不同，且对比例1-2不满足以下条件：5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％。
实施例16-20
实施例6不同之处在于，实施例16-20中W不同。
其中，第一粘结件的粘结力测试的方法为：将电化学装置进行拆卸，保持壳体和电极组件的粘结界面良好。将拆卸后的电化学装置放到冲切机中，进行冲切，制备成4-8mm小条。在钢板上贴上双面胶，将测试小条的电极组件面粘在双面胶上固定好。用同样宽 度的硬纸片与包装袋一端固定好，得到待测试样品。将钢板一端固定在万能拉力机下端，纸条反拉180°固定在拉力机上端以50mm/min速度测试。测试完成后记录拉伸曲线平稳段的平均值。每组平行测试10个样品。
对各实施例和对比例的电化学装置进行跌落测试，并将对应的跌落测试结果记录于表1中。其中，每组实施例和每组对比例的电化学装置各取10个进行测试，跌落测试的具体方法为：先将电池满充，调整到100％SOC(State of Charge，荷电状态)，并在充电静置2小时后测量跌落前的电池的电压和内阻；将电池放入夹具仓，并在电池表面放上1mm硅胶垫，用5kg压块压12h后，装夹具仓的上盖板；用自动跌落设备将带有电池的夹具仓以夹具仓头部、尾部、右上角、右下角、左上角、左下角为一轮的着地的方式依次从1.8米位置跌落至钢板上，共计跌落7轮即42次。每轮跌落后测量电池的电压，当电池出现起火、发热、漏液、电压降≥50mV时则停止继续跌落，否则继续跌落完成7轮。完成7轮跌落后拆解电芯，统计铝箔被撕裂的比例、壳体的封边被冲开的比例以及发生短路的比例。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021076383-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021076383-appb-000002
表1中，铝箔被撕裂的比例为0/10，表明已测试的10个电化学装置中，铝箔被撕裂的电化学装置的数量为0个。铝箔被撕裂的比例为10/10，表明已测试的10个电化学装置中，铝箔被撕裂的电化学装置的数量为10个。其它比例值的含义以此类推。
从表1数据可知，相较于对比例1-4，实施例1-13的电化学装置在跌落后铝箔被撕裂的比例、封边被冲开的比例以及发生短路的比例均较低，表明实施例1-13当第一粘结件满足5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％，15N/m≤F 1≤500N/m时，电化学装置的抗跌落性能提高，因此安全性也得到了明显改善。进一步地，25％≤F 1/F 2≤55％时，抗跌落性能进一步提高。当30N/m≤F 1≤300N/m时，电化学装置安全性能进一步提高。
相较于实施例6，实施例14-16满足W≥5mm，因此电化学装置的抗跌落性能同样较高。其中，实施例17-18的W小于5mm，导致安全性能相对于实施例14-16降低。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本申请进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或等同替换，而不脱离本申请技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电化学装置，其中，所述电化学装置包括：
    壳体；
    电极组件，位于所述壳体内；
    第一粘结件，粘结所述壳体和所述电极组件，所述第一粘结件与所述壳体之间的粘结力为F 1，所述第一粘结件与所述电极组件之间的粘结力为F 2，5％≤F 1/F 2≤70％，15N/m≤F 1≤500N/m。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，25％≤F 1/F 2≤55％。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，30N/m≤F 1≤300N/m。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一粘结件包括基材层以及设置在所述基材层两侧的第一粘结层和第二粘结层，所述第一粘结层粘结所述壳体，所述第二粘结层粘结所述电极组件。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电极组件包括极片和隔离膜，所述极片包括第一极片和第二极片，所述隔离膜设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间，所述电极组件为卷绕结构；
    在卷绕方向上，所述电极组件包括依次连接的第一段、第一弯折段、第二段和第二弯折段，所述第一段的最外圈为所述隔离膜；
    所述第一粘结件粘结所述壳体，并粘结所述第一段的最外圈。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，在所述卷绕方向上，所述第一段最外圈上的所述第一粘结件的宽度大于或等于5mm。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中，在所述卷绕方向上，所述隔离膜的尾部位于所述第一弯折段，所述第一粘结件还粘结所述第一弯折段的最外圈，并粘结所述隔离膜的尾部。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第一段的最外圈上的所述第一粘结件和所述第一弯折段的最外圈上的所述第一粘结件相连接。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中，在所述卷绕方向上，所述隔离膜的尾部位于所述第二段，所述第一粘结件还粘结所述第一弯折段的最外圈和所述第二段的最外圈，并粘结所述隔离膜的尾部。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电化学装置，其中，所述第二段的最外圈为所述第一极片，所述第一极片包括第一集流体和设置于所述第一集流体上的第一活性材料层，所述第一集流体包括第一面，所述第二段的最外圈的外表面为所述第一面，所述第一粘结件还粘结所述第一面。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电化学装置，其中，在所述卷绕方向上，所述第一极片的尾部位于所述第二段，所述第一粘结件还粘结所述第二弯折段的最外圈并粘结所述第一极片的尾部。
  12. 如权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电化学装置还包括：
    第二粘结件，粘结所述第一段的最外圈极片和位于所述第一段的最外圈极片外侧的所述隔离膜。
  13. 如权利要求5所述的电化学装置，其中，在垂直所述电极组件的卷绕中心轴的方向上，在所述电极组件的一端，所述第一粘结件的边缘的投影位于所述第一极片的边缘的投影和所述隔离膜的边缘的投影之间。
  14. 一种电子装置，包括如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电子装置还包括容置仓和第三粘结件，所述电化学装置设置于所述容置仓中，所述第三粘结件粘结面对所述第一段的所述壳体和所述容置仓。
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