WO2022165834A1 - 一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法 - Google Patents

一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022165834A1
WO2022165834A1 PCT/CN2021/075997 CN2021075997W WO2022165834A1 WO 2022165834 A1 WO2022165834 A1 WO 2022165834A1 CN 2021075997 W CN2021075997 W CN 2021075997W WO 2022165834 A1 WO2022165834 A1 WO 2022165834A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
switch
voltage
battery
control device
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PCT/CN2021/075997
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张鹏
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/075997 priority Critical patent/WO2022165834A1/zh
Priority to CN202180000389.8A priority patent/CN112956106B/zh
Publication of WO2022165834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022165834A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/20Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of circuits, and in particular, to a vehicle power supply system and an overvoltage protection method.
  • a DC converter direct current/direct current, DC/DC
  • a battery provides low-voltage power for a car or diesel vehicle.
  • ADAS advanced driving assistance system
  • DC/DC direct current/direct current
  • a battery provides low-voltage power for a car or diesel vehicle.
  • the solution of equipping dual batteries in the vehicle power supply system has become a necessary measure to meet the functional requirements of ADAS.
  • the aforementioned dual battery solution is understood to mean that the vehicle is equipped with two 12V batteries, and then the two 12V batteries and DC/DC are used to provide low-voltage power for new energy vehicles, or the two 12V batteries and power generation.
  • the machine provides low-voltage power for automobiles or diesel vehicles.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle power supply system and an overvoltage protection method, which ensure that when an overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, each electrical load device will no longer receive continuous overvoltage power supply from the main power supply, and the protection is intact. Each electrical load device is installed; then the driving safety is guaranteed and the driving risk is reduced.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle power supply system.
  • the vehicle power supply system may include: a main power supply, a first control device, a first battery, a second battery, a first power supply device, a second power supply device, and at least one An electrical load device, the first power supply device includes a first power supply switch, and the second power supply device includes a second power supply switch; wherein, the first end of the first power supply switch is connected to the main power supply, and the second end of the first power supply switch is connected to the first control The device is connected; the first end of the second power supply switch is connected to the main power supply, and the second end of the second power supply switch is connected to the first control device; the main power supply is used to generate an output voltage; the first control device is used to: monitor the main power supply The generated output voltage; when the output voltage meets the first voltage level, the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch are turned off, so that the main power supply stops supplying power to at least one electrical load device, wherein the voltage value
  • the described secondary overvoltage fault can be understood as that the voltage value corresponding to the corresponding first voltage level will damage all components in the vehicle power supply system, such as: each electrical component in at least one electrical load device. load device, etc.
  • the described electrical load devices may include, but are not limited to, steering EPS (electric power steering system), brake ESP, vehicle controller, ADAS controller, lights and other electrical components, which are not limited here.
  • the described first battery and second battery can also be lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc.
  • the described first power supply switch and second power supply switch can be PMOS transistors, NMOS transistors, etc., which are not limited here.
  • the above-mentioned main power source may be a DC/DC converter or the like.
  • the first control device needs to monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply in real time, and determine whether the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, and the described first preset voltage threshold corresponds to the first voltage level; and When the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, it is necessary to disconnect the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch connected to the main power supply, so that the main power supply can stop supplying each of the at least one electrical load device to each of the electrical load devices.
  • Power supply which cuts off the power supply path of the main power supply for each electrical load device, and ensures that each electrical load device will no longer receive continuous overvoltage power supply from the main power supply when a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply. , which perfectly protects each electrical load device.
  • the first power supply device further includes a first discharge switch
  • the second power supply device further includes a second discharge switch
  • the first end of the first discharge switch is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch
  • the first end of the first discharge switch is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch.
  • the second end of a discharge switch is connected to the first battery, the third end of the first discharge switch is connected to the first control device; the first end of the second discharge switch is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch, and the second end of the discharge switch is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch.
  • the second end is connected to the second battery, and the third end of the second discharge switch is connected to the first control device; the first control device is further configured to: close the first discharge switch before disconnecting the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch A switch and a second discharge switch to enable the first battery and the second battery to supply power to at least one electrical load device.
  • the first control device first closes the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch, and then opens the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, so that the path for the main power supply to supply power to each electrical load device can be cut off. not only protects each electrical load device perfectly, but also can provide power for the electrical load device during the cut-off process, from the main power supply to the seamless switching between the first lithium battery and the second lithium battery, so that the The barrier-free work of the electrical load device is guaranteed.
  • the first power supply device further includes a first charging switch
  • the second power supply device further includes a second charging switch
  • the first end of the first charging switch is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch
  • the second end of the first charging switch is connected to the first battery
  • the third end of the first charging switch is connected to the first control device
  • the first end of the second charging switch is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch
  • the third end of the first charging switch is connected to the first control device
  • the second end of the second charging switch is connected to the second battery, and the third end of the second charging switch is connected to the first control device
  • the first control device is also used for: when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first control device
  • the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch are closed to enable the main power supply to supply power to at least one electrical load device, and the first charging switch is turned off to make the main power supply stop supplying power to the first battery, and disconnection
  • the second charging switch is used to stop the
  • the described primary overvoltage fault can be understood as that the voltage value corresponding to the corresponding second voltage level will only cause damage to the first battery and the second battery, such as failure to work normally, short circuit, etc.
  • the first control device can also judge whether the output voltage satisfies the above-mentioned second voltage level; When the output voltage meets the above-mentioned second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, first close the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, so that the output voltage of the main power supply 10 can supply power for at least one electrical load device, ensuring that each The electrical load device does not stop working due to lack of electricity; finally, the first charging switch is turned off, so that the main power supply stops supplying power to the first battery, thereby cutting off the path for the main power supply to supply power to the first battery, avoiding the need for the first battery to supply power.
  • the battery is damaged by overvoltage; similarly, the second charging switch needs to be disconnected to realize that the main power supply stops supplying power to the second battery, thereby cutting off the path for the main power supply to supply power to the second battery, ensuring that the second battery is not damaged. Overvoltage damage.
  • the first control device is further configured to: obtain a first charging voltage sent by the first battery and a second charging voltage sent by the second battery, where the first charging voltage indicates that the first battery is The effective voltage value required by the current battery state of the first battery, the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery in the current battery state of the second battery; the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage are compared to obtain the voltage difference; based on the voltage difference, close the first charging switch or the second charging switch; send a first signal to the main power supply, the first signal is used to instruct the main power supply to charge the first battery or the first battery according to the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage The second battery performs voltage compensation.
  • the The first control device closes the first charging switch or the second charging switch based on the voltage difference between the two, and then the main power supply conducts voltage for the first battery or the second battery according to the requested first charging voltage or second charging voltage
  • the compensation can gradually realize that the first battery and the second battery can be evenly charged under different voltage states, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery, and prolonging the service life of the first battery and the second battery.
  • the first control device is configured to: when the voltage difference is greater than a preset threshold, close the first target switch, where the first target switch is connected to the battery corresponding to the first target voltage.
  • the charging switch the first target voltage is the minimum voltage between the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage; sending a second signal to the main power supply, the second signal is used to instruct the main power supply according to the first target voltage, to and the first target switch
  • the connected battery supplies power.
  • the first control device should determine the minimum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, and then close the battery connected to the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage. charging switch. Then, by sending a second signal to the main power supply, it is informed that the main power supply needs to charge the corresponding battery according to the minimum voltage, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the two batteries and achieve voltage balance.
  • the first control device is configured to: when the voltage difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, close the first charging switch and the second charging switch; send a third signal to the main power supply, where the third signal is used to indicate the main power
  • the power supply supplies power to the first battery connected to the first charging switch and to the second battery connected to the second charging switch according to a second target voltage, where the second target voltage is the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage the maximum voltage in .
  • the first control device is further configured to: monitor the voltage of the first battery and the voltage of the second battery; the voltage of the first battery reflects the occurrence of an undervoltage fault in the first battery, Or the voltage condition of the second battery reflects that when the second battery has an undervoltage fault, the first charging switch, the second charging switch, the first discharging switch and the second discharging switch are turned off.
  • the first control device continuously monitors the voltage of the first battery and the voltage of the second battery, and if the voltage of the first battery is lower than the rated voltage, it means that the first battery has an undervoltage fault; or, If the voltage of the second battery is lower than the rated voltage, it reflects that the second battery has an undervoltage fault.
  • the first control device should isolate the first battery and the second battery to prevent the battery from discharging externally and accepting power. Specifically, the first control device needs to turn off the first charging switch and the first discharging switch, and turn off the second charging switch and the second discharging switch. Not only can the first battery and the second battery be isolated, but also it can be ensured that there will not be a large difference in the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery.
  • any one of the first power supply device and the second power supply device includes the first control device, or neither the first power supply device nor the second power supply device includes the first control device.
  • only one first control device may be included in the vehicle power supply system, and specifically, it may be deployed in any one of the first power supply device and the second power supply device; it may not be deployed in any one of the power supply devices. , for example: it can be deployed in equipment such as the main power supply, which can save costs.
  • the deployment mode of the first control device is not limited, and rich usage modes are provided for different usage scenarios.
  • the first control device described above includes an electronic control unit ECU.
  • the vehicle power supply system may include: a main power supply, a first control device, a first battery, a second battery, a first power supply device, a second power supply device, and At least one electrical load device, the first power supply device includes a first control device and a first power supply switch, and the second power supply device includes a second control device and a second power supply switch; the first end of the first power supply switch is connected to the main power supply, the first The second end of the power supply switch is connected to the first control device; the first end of the second power supply switch is connected to the main power supply, and the second end of the second power supply switch is connected to the second control device; the main power supply is used to generate an output voltage; a control device for: monitoring the output voltage generated by the main power supply, and when the output voltage meets the first voltage level, disconnecting the first power supply switch, so that the main power supply stops supplying power to at least one electrical load device, wherein the first power supply The voltage
  • control devices are used to control the power supply switches in their respective power supply devices, so that when a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, not only can each electrical load device no longer receive the main power supply
  • the continuous overvoltage power supply protects each electrical load device perfectly; and the power supply switches in the respective power supply devices are controlled separately, which can also improve the control efficiency.
  • the first power supply device further includes a first discharge switch
  • the second power supply device further includes a second discharge switch
  • the first end of the first discharge switch is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch, The second end of the first discharge switch is connected to the first battery, the third end of the first discharge switch is connected to the first control device;
  • the first end of the second discharge switch is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch, and the second discharge switch
  • the second end of the second battery is connected to the second battery, and the third end of the second discharge switch is connected to the second control device;
  • the first control device is also used for: before disconnecting the first power supply switch, close the first discharge switch to The first battery supplies power to at least one electrical load device;
  • the second control device is further configured to: close the second discharge switch before turning off the second power supply switch, so as to supply power from the second battery to at least one electrical load device.
  • the first control device first closes the first discharge switch and then opens the first power supply switch; the second control device also closes the second discharge switch first, and then opens the second discharge switch.
  • Power switch It not only realizes the seamless switching from the main power source to the first lithium battery and the second lithium battery in the process of cutting off the main power supply to provide power for each electrical load device, but also makes the electrical load device work without obstacles. It can also cut off the power supply path of the main power supply for each electrical load device, and completely protect each electrical load device.
  • the first power supply device further includes a first charging switch
  • the second power supply device further includes a second charging switch
  • the first end of the first charging switch is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch
  • the second end of the first charging switch is connected to the first battery
  • the third end of the first charging switch is connected to the first control device
  • the first end of the second charging switch is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch
  • the third end of the first charging switch is connected to the first control device
  • the second end of the second charging switch is connected to the second battery, and the third end of the second charging switch is connected to the second control device
  • the first control device is also used for: when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level At a voltage level, the first power supply switch is closed to enable the main power supply to supply power to at least one electrical load device, and the first charging switch is turned off to stop the main power supply from supplying power to the first battery.
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level It reflects that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, and the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level; the second control device is also used for: when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level At a voltage level, the second power supply switch is closed to enable the main power supply to supply power to at least one electrical load device, and the second charging switch is disconnected to stop the main power supply supplying power to the second battery.
  • the above-mentioned voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level reflects the occurrence of a primary overvoltage fault in the main power supply, and the value is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level (that is, the voltage value reflecting the foregoing secondary overvoltage fault). ). Moreover, the battery can also be destroyed when a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, and a secondary overvoltage fault does not occur.
  • the first control device in order to protect the battery, should first close the first power supply switch when the output voltage meets the second voltage level but does not meet the first voltage level. Then turn off the first charging switch.
  • the main purpose is to ensure that each electrical load device can obtain the power provided by the main power supply through the first power supply switch, so that the driving safety is guaranteed, and the first battery is cut off to receive the power provided by the main power supply through the first charging switch.
  • the second control device should also close the second power supply switch first, and then open the second charging switch when the output voltage meets the second voltage level but not the first voltage level, so as to ensure the driving safety at the same time. , the second battery 3 is cut off to receive the power provided by the main power source through the second charging switch, thereby protecting the second battery.
  • the first control device or the second control device is further configured to: obtain the first charging voltage sent by the first battery and the second charging voltage sent by the second battery, the first charging voltage Indicates the effective voltage value required by the first battery in the current battery state of the first battery, and the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery in the current battery state of the second battery; compare the first charging voltage with the second battery The charging voltage is used to obtain the voltage difference; the first control device is used to close the first charging switch according to the voltage difference; or the second control device is used to close the second charging switch according to the voltage difference.
  • the first control device can determine the voltage difference according to the voltage difference.
  • the first charging switch is closed; alternatively, the second charging switch is closed by the second control device based on the voltage difference.
  • the purpose is to enable the corresponding control device to send a signal to the main power supply after closing the first charging switch or the second charging switch, notifying that the main power supply needs to be the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage as requested.
  • the battery or the second battery compensates for the voltage, and gradually realizes that the first battery and the second battery can be charged evenly under different voltage states, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery, and prolonging the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery. Service life of the second battery.
  • the first control device when the voltage difference is greater than a preset threshold, is configured to: when the first charging voltage is less than the second charging voltage, close the first charging switch to realize the main power supply Compensate the voltage of the first battery according to the first charging voltage; or, the second control device is configured to: when the first charging voltage is greater than the first charging voltage, close the second charging switch, so as to realize that the main power source is charged according to the second charging voltage The voltage compensates the voltage of the second battery.
  • the first control device when the voltage difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, the first control device is used to close the first charging switch, and the second control device is used to close the second charging switch, so as to realize the main The power supply performs voltage compensation to the first battery and the second battery according to a second target voltage, where the second target voltage is the maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, it reflects that the difference between the first charging voltage required by the first battery and the second charging voltage required by the second battery is small.
  • the voltage of the first battery and the second battery is compensated by the maximum voltage, so that the voltage difference between the batteries can be reduced, and it is avoided that when only one battery is charged, the other battery is not charged, which may cause damage to the other battery.
  • the first control device is further configured to: monitor the voltage condition of the first battery; when the voltage condition of the first battery reflects that an undervoltage fault occurs in the first battery, disconnect the first charging switch and the first discharge switch, and send a fourth signal to the second control device to instruct the second control device to disconnect the second charging switch and the second discharging switch.
  • the described undervoltage fault can be understood as the voltage of the battery itself is lower than the rated voltage. Therefore, in the above manner, in the scenario where the first control device and the second control device respectively control two power supply devices, the first control device can also monitor the voltage of the first battery in real time;
  • the voltage situation reflects that when the first battery has an undervoltage fault, not only the first charging switch and the first discharging switch should be disconnected, so as to achieve neither receiving the power provided by the main power source nor discharging externally, and isolating the first battery; and It is also necessary to notify the second control device to disconnect the second charging switch and the second discharging switch, the purpose of which is to prevent the second storage battery from continuing to receive the power provided by the main power supply and discharging externally, thereby preventing the isolated first storage battery and the second storage battery. The pressure difference between them increases.
  • the second control device is further configured to: monitor the voltage condition of the second battery; when the voltage condition of the second battery reflects that an undervoltage fault occurs in the second battery, disconnect the second charging switch and the second discharge switch, and send a fifth signal to the first control device to instruct the first control device to disconnect the first charging switch and the first discharging switch.
  • the second end of the second power supply switch is further connected to the first control device
  • the third end of the second discharge switch is further connected to the first control device
  • the third end of the second charging switch is also connected to the first control device. It is also connected with the first control device; the second control device is also used for: monitoring the operating state of the second control device; the first control device is also used for: reflecting the operation of the second control device in the operating state of the second control In case of failure, the second power supply switch, the second charging switch or the second discharging switch are controlled.
  • the first control device in addition to being connected to the first power supply switch, the first charging switch and the first discharging switch, the first control device can also be connected to the second power supplying switch, the second charging switch and the second discharging switch. In this way, if the second control device determines that it has an operating failure after monitoring its own operating state, it can send a signal to the first control device through a communication line, etc., to inform the first control device that it needs to act as a backup control device. Role, control the second power switch, the second charge switch or the second discharge switch.
  • the second control device cannot work normally due to a fault
  • the second power supply switch, the second charging switch or the second discharging switch can still be controlled by the backup first control device, so as to realize the occurrence of In the event of an overvoltage fault, the driving safety of the vehicle can still be guaranteed, and the second battery will not be damaged by the overvoltage.
  • the second control device fails and the first control device takes over the work of the second control device, it can also be considered that only the first control device controls the first power supply switch and the first charging device. switch, a first discharge switch, a second power supply switch, a second charge switch or a second discharge switch.
  • switch a first discharge switch, a second power supply switch, a second charge switch or a second discharge switch.
  • the specific case that is controlled by only one first control device can be understood with reference to the content described in the vehicle power supply system provided by the first aspect, and detailed descriptions are not repeated here.
  • the second end of the first power supply switch is further connected to the second control device
  • the third end of the first discharge switch is further connected to the second control device
  • the third end of the first charging switch is also connected to the second control device. It is also connected to the second control device;
  • the first control device is further used for: monitoring the operating state of the first control device;
  • the second control device is also used for: reflecting the first control device operating in the operating state of the first control When a fault occurs, the first power supply switch, the first charging switch or the first discharging switch are controlled.
  • the first control device monitors its own operating state and determines that an operating failure has occurred, it can send a signal to the first control device through a communication line, etc., to inform the first control device that it needs to act as a backup control device. It controls the second power supply switch, the second charging switch or the second discharging switch. In the case that the first control device cannot work normally due to a fault, the first power supply switch, the first charging switch or the first discharge switch can still be controlled by the second backup control device, so as to realize that when the main power supply has an overvoltage fault, the The driving safety of the vehicle can still be guaranteed, and the first battery is not damaged by overvoltage.
  • the first control device includes a first electronic control unit ECU
  • the second control device includes a second ECU.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an overvoltage protection method, which can be applied to a vehicle power supply system.
  • the method may include: monitoring an output voltage generated by a main power supply in the vehicle power supply system; judging whether the output voltage satisfies The first voltage level, wherein the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level reflects the occurrence of a secondary overvoltage fault in the vehicle power supply system; when the output voltage meets the first voltage level, the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch in the vehicle power supply system are disconnected.
  • a power supply switch to stop the mains power supplying power to the at least one electrical load device.
  • the method may further include: before opening the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, closing the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch, so that the first battery and the second battery Power is supplied to at least one electrical load device.
  • the method may further include: when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, closing the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, so as to realize the main power supply to the At least one electrical load device supplies power, and turns off the first charging switch so that the main power supply stops supplying power to the first battery, and turns off the second charging switch, so that the main power supply stops supplying power to the second battery, and the second voltage level corresponds to
  • the voltage value of reflects that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, and the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level.
  • the method may further include: acquiring a first charging voltage sent by the first battery and a second charging voltage sent by the second battery, where the first charging voltage indicates that the first battery is in the first battery The effective voltage value required by the current battery state, the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery in the current battery state of the second battery; the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage are compared to obtain the voltage difference; Based on the voltage difference, the first charging switch or the second charging switch is closed; the first signal is sent to the main power source, and the first signal is used to instruct the main power source to charge the first battery or the second battery according to the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage. Perform voltage compensation.
  • closing the first charging switch or the second charging switch based on the voltage difference includes: when the voltage difference is greater than a preset threshold, closing the first target switch, where the first target switch is the first target switch.
  • a target voltage to supply power to the battery connected to the first target switch.
  • closing the first charging switch or the second charging switch based on the voltage difference includes: when the voltage difference is less than or equal to a preset threshold, closing the first charging switch and the second charging switch ; Send a third signal to the main power supply, the third signal is used to instruct the main power supply to carry out the process to the first battery connected to the first charging switch and to the second battery connected to the second charging switch according to the second target voltage Power is supplied, and the second target voltage is the maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the method may further include: monitoring the voltage of the first battery and the voltage of the second battery; the voltage of the first battery reflects the occurrence of an undervoltage fault in the first battery or the second battery The voltage condition of the battery reflects that when an undervoltage fault occurs in the second battery, the first charging switch, the second charging switch, the first discharging switch and the second discharging switch are disconnected.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a driving device, including the vehicle power supply system described in any possible design of the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, including the vehicle power supply system described in any possible design of the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a first control device, including: a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store program instructions, and when the first control device runs, the processor executes the program stored in the memory instruction, so that the first control device executes the method for overvoltage protection according to the third aspect.
  • the described secondary overvoltage fault can be understood as the corresponding first voltage level
  • the corresponding voltage value will damage all components in the vehicle power supply system, including each of the at least one electrical load device. Therefore, the first control device monitors the output voltage of the main power supply, and when the output voltage meets the above-mentioned first voltage level, disconnects the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch connected to the main power supply, so that the main power supply The power supply can stop supplying power to each of the at least one electrical load device. Compared with the existing solution, the power supply to the electrical load device cannot be cut off.
  • a corresponding power supply switch is added to the power supply device, and when an overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, the power supply switch is turned off to cut off the power supply.
  • the path for the main power supply to supply power to each electrical load device ensures that in the event of a secondary overvoltage fault in the main power supply, each electrical load device will no longer receive continuous overvoltage power supply from the main power supply, and perfectly protects each electrical load device. An electrical load device; then the driving safety is guaranteed and the driving risk is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle power supply system provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic frame diagram of a vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic frame diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an overvoltage protection method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another method for overvoltage protection provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of another method for overvoltage protection provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a first control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a first control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle power supply system and an overvoltage protection method, which ensure that when an overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, each electrical load device will no longer receive continuous overvoltage power supply from the main power supply, so that the power supply is in good condition. Each electrical load device is protected; then the driving safety is guaranteed and the driving risk is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle power supply system provided in the prior art. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the vehicle power supply system consists of a first DC/DC11, a second DC/DC12, a first battery 21, a second battery 22, a connection control device 30, an electrical load device 40, and switches 51-54.
  • the connection control device 30 can realize the overvoltage protection of the first battery 21 and the second battery 22 by opening the switch 51 and the switch 53 and closing the switch 52 and the switch 54; or , in the second series of power failure, the connection control device 30 controls the opening of the switch 52 and the switch 54, and closes the switch 51 and the switch 53, so as to realize the overvoltage protection of the first battery 21 and the second battery 22.
  • connection control device 30 controls the opening or closing of the switches 51 to 54, only the It is used to realize the overvoltage protection of the first battery 21 and the second battery 22, and the power supply to the electrical load device 40 cannot be cut off, thereby causing the electrical load device 40 to continue to be damaged due to the overvoltage of the power supply voltage. driving safety risk.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle power supply system, which is applied to driving equipment to avoid damage to the electrical load device and ensure driving safety when the power supply voltage is overvoltage.
  • the above-mentioned driving devices may be smart cars, bridge cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, recreational vehicles, amusement vehicles, construction vehicles, diesel vehicles, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned vehicle power supply system may include at least two batteries, a corresponding power supply device may also be correspondingly connected to each battery. While controlling the main power supply to supply power to the battery through the power supply device, there are two situations as follows:
  • Two power supply devices are controlled by one control device at the same time.
  • the power supply devices connected to each battery are controlled by two control devices respectively.
  • the control device can be deployed in any one of the two power supply devices; or, any one of the two power supply devices is not Including the control device. It should be noted that, whether any one power supply device includes the control device, or both power supply devices do not include the control device, the control device has similar functions in controlling the two power supply devices.
  • the first control device is deployed on the first power supply device as an example for description.
  • the first control device can also be deployed in the second power supply device; the first control device can also be deployed outside the first power supply device and the second power supply device, for example: deployed in the main power supply, etc. , to save costs.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic frame diagram of a vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle power supply system may include a main power supply 10 , a first control device 20 , a first battery 31 , a second battery 32 , a first power supply device 41 and a second power supply device 42 , at least An electrical load device 50 .
  • the aforementioned first power supply device 41 may include a first power supply switch 411
  • the second power supply device 42 may include a second power supply switch 421; wherein, the aforementioned main power supply 10 is used to generate an output voltage;
  • the first control device 20 is used for:
  • the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421 are turned off, so that the main power supply 10 stops supplying power to the at least one electrical load device 50 , wherein the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level reflects A secondary overvoltage fault has occurred in the main power supply 10 .
  • first end of the first power supply switch 411 is connected to the main power supply 10
  • second end of the first power supply switch 411 is connected to the first control device 20
  • first end of the second power supply switch 421 is connected to the main power supply 10.
  • the second end of the second power supply switch 421 is connected to the first control device 20 .
  • the voltage value corresponding to the above-mentioned first voltage level reflects that a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10 .
  • the described secondary overvoltage fault can be understood as that the voltage value corresponding to the corresponding first voltage level will damage all components in the vehicle power supply system, for example: each electrical load device in the at least one electrical load device 50 etc.; and damage other components in the driving equipment where the vehicle power system is located, such as: the engine, transmission, global positioning system, wireless communication system, on-board computer, accelerator, etc. in the driving equipment.
  • the above-mentioned electrical load device may include, but is not limited to, steering EPS, body electronic stability program (ESP), vehicle controller, ADAS controller, lighting and other electrical components.
  • the first control device 20 needs to monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply 10 in real time, and determine whether the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, and the described first preset voltage threshold corresponds to the first voltage level; and When the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421 connected to the main power supply 10 need to be disconnected, so that the main power supply 10 can stop supplying power to at least one electrical load device 50
  • Each electrical load device supplies power, which cuts off the path for the main power supply 10 to supply power to each electrical load device, and ensures that each electrical load device will no longer receive the main power when a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10. 10 of the continuous overvoltage power supply, perfectly protects each electrical load device.
  • first control device 20 may be an ECU, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the described first storage battery 31 and second storage battery 32 may also be lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., which are not limitedly described here.
  • the described main power source 10 may be a DC/DC converter, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the aforementioned first power supply switch 411, second power supply switch 421, and subsequent first discharge switch 412, second discharge switch 422, first charging switch 413, and second charging switch 423 can all be PMOS transistors, NMOS transistors etc., not limited here.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first power supply device 41 in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 3 further includes a first discharge switch 412
  • the second power supply device 42 further includes a second discharge switch switch422;
  • the first control device 20 is further used for:
  • the first discharge switch 412 and the second discharge switch 422 are closed to enable the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 to supply power to the at least one electrical load device 50 .
  • first end of the first discharge switch 412 is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch 411
  • second end of the first discharge switch 412 is connected to the first battery 31
  • third end of the first discharge switch 412 is connected to the first battery 31
  • the first end of the second discharge switch 422 is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch 421, the second end of the second discharge switch 422 is connected to the second battery 32, and the second end of the second discharge switch 422 is connected to the second battery 32.
  • the third end is connected to the first control device 20 .
  • the main power source 10 does not have a secondary overvoltage fault, the voltage at which each electrical load device can work mainly comes from the main power source 10 . Therefore, once the secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10, the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421 are disconnected to cut off the power supply path of the main power supply 10 for each electrical load device, in order to avoid each electrical load device. The load device cannot continue to work because the corresponding power is not stored. Before disconnecting the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421, the first control device 20 also needs to control the closing of the first discharge switch 412 connected to the first battery 31 and the second battery connected to the second battery 32.
  • the closing of the two discharge switches 422 enables the currents of the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 to pass through the first discharge switch 412 and the second discharge switch 422 to reach the at least one electrical load device 50 , and then to the at least one electrical load device 50 . power supply to each electrical load device.
  • the first control device 20 first closes the first discharge switch 412 and the second discharge switch 422, and then opens the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421, so that the main power supply 10 can be cut off for each electrical
  • the power supply path of the load device it not only protects each electrical load device well; but also can provide power for the electrical load device during the cut-off process, from the main power source 10 to the first lithium battery and the second lithium battery.
  • the seamless switching of the electric load device ensures the barrier-free work of the electrical load device.
  • the output voltage of the main power supply 10 will gradually increase from a low voltage to a high voltage. If the output voltage of the main power supply 10 meets the second voltage level but does not meet the first voltage level, the output voltage of the main power supply 10 will not cause damage to at least one electrical load device 50, but will also damage the first electrical load device 50. A battery 31 and a second battery 32 were damaged. Therefore, the above-mentioned first control device 20 can also control the main power source 10 to stop supplying power to the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 to avoid damage to the batteries.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned first power supply device 41 further includes a first charging switch 413
  • the second power supply device 42 further includes a second charging device switch 423.
  • the first control device 20 is further used for:
  • the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421 are closed, so that the main power supply 10 supplies power to at least one electrical load device 50 and the first power supply switch 50 is disconnected
  • the charging switch 413 is used to stop the main power supply 10 from supplying power to the first battery 31, and the second charging switch 423 is turned off to stop the main power supply 10 supplying power to the second battery 32.
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level reflects the main power supply. 10 A primary overvoltage fault occurs, and the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level.
  • the first end of the first charging switch 413 is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch 411 , the second end of the first charging switch 413 is connected to the first battery 31 , and the third end of the first charging switch 413 Connected to the first control device 20; the first end of the second charging switch 423 is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch 421, the second end of the second charging switch 423 is connected to the second battery 32, and the second charging switch 423 The third end is connected to the first control device 20 .
  • the second terminal of the first charging switch 413 can also be connected to the first terminal of the first discharging switch 412 to realize the connection with the first battery 31 ; similarly, the second terminal of the second charging switch 423 The terminal can also be connected to the first terminal of the second discharge switch 422 to realize the connection with the second battery 32 . There is no specific description here.
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level described above can reflect that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10 .
  • the described first-level overvoltage fault can be understood as the voltage value corresponding to the corresponding second voltage level will only cause damage to the first battery 31 and the second battery 32, such as failure to work normally, short circuit, etc.
  • the voltage value corresponding to the aforementioned second voltage level is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the aforementioned first voltage level. That is to say, the degree of device damage caused by the primary overvoltage fault in the main power supply 10 reflected by the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is lower than the main power supply reflected by the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level 10 The degree of device damage caused by secondary overvoltage faults.
  • the first control device 20 can also determine whether the output voltage satisfies the above-mentioned second voltage level; then, When the output voltage meets the above-mentioned second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, the first power supply switch 411 and the second power supply switch 421 are closed first, so that the output voltage of the main power supply 10 can supply power to at least one electrical load device 50 , It is ensured that each electrical load device does not stop working due to lack of electricity; finally, the first charging switch 413 is turned off to realize that the main power supply 10 stops supplying power to the first battery 31, thereby cutting off the main power supply 10 for the first battery 31.
  • the path for power supply avoids the damage of the first battery 31 by overvoltage; similarly, the second charging switch 423 needs to be turned off to realize that the main power supply 10 stops supplying power to the second battery 32, thereby cutting off the main power supply 10 for the second battery 32.
  • the path for the second battery 32 to supply power ensures that the second battery 32 is not damaged by overvoltage.
  • the first control device 20 can determine whether the output voltage meets the above-mentioned second voltage level, and does not meet the first voltage level, by judging whether the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold, but less than the above-mentioned first voltage threshold. Preset voltage threshold. If the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold and less than the first preset voltage threshold, it means that the output voltage satisfies the second voltage level.
  • the described first preset voltage threshold is the above-mentioned minimum limit value of the first voltage level
  • the second preset voltage threshold value is the minimum limit value of the second voltage level.
  • a driving device with ASAD if the voltage difference between the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 in the vehicle power system becomes larger and larger, the first battery 31 will be affected. and the overall performance of the second battery 32, for example, the driving equipment is powered off during driving, the main power source 10 cannot fully charge the battery, etc., which will greatly reduce the service life of the battery. Therefore, if the voltages between the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 can present a relatively balanced state, the service life of the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 can be prolonged.
  • the above-mentioned first control device 20 can also be used for:
  • the first charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the first storage battery 31 in the current battery state of the first storage battery 31.
  • the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery 32 in the current battery state of the second battery 32;
  • a first signal is sent to the main power supply 10, and the first signal is used to instruct the main power supply 10 to perform voltage compensation to the first battery 31 or the second battery 32 according to the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage.
  • the first battery 31 may determine the corresponding first charging voltage according to its own battery state.
  • the described first charging voltage can reflect the effective voltage value required by the first battery 31 in the current battery state, that is, how many volts the main power supply 10 needs to provide the first battery 31 in order to effectively charge the first battery 31, And the primary overvoltage fault described in the aforementioned Figure 4 has not occurred.
  • the described battery state of the first battery 31 itself may include, but is not limited to, the temperature, power SOC, state of health (SOH), voltage value, voltage loss, etc. of the first battery 31 .
  • the second battery 32 can also determine the corresponding second charging voltage according to its own battery state.
  • the described second charging voltage can reflect the effective voltage value required by the second battery 32 in the current battery state, that is, how many volts the main power source 10 needs to provide the second battery 32 in order to effectively charge the second battery 32, And the primary overvoltage fault described in the aforementioned Figure 4 has not occurred.
  • the described battery state of the second battery 32 itself may also include, but is not limited to, the temperature, power SOC, state of health, voltage value, voltage loss, and the like of the second battery 32 .
  • the first control device 20 can be notified of the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage through a communication line or the like. Then, after receiving the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, the first control device 20 determines the voltage difference between the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, and then controls the first charging according to the voltage difference The switch 413 or the second charging switch 423 is closed. Then, after the first charging switch 413 or the second charging switch 423 is closed, the first control device 20 informs the main power supply 10 by means of a first signal, etc., so that the main power supply 10 follows the aforementioned first charging voltage or second charging voltage. The charging voltage compensates the voltage of the first battery 31 or the second battery 32 .
  • the first control device closes the first charging switch 413 or the second charging switch 423 based on the voltage difference between the two, and then the main power supply 10 charges the first battery 31 according to the requested first charging voltage or second charging voltage Or the second battery 32 performs voltage compensation, and gradually realizes that the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 can be charged evenly under different voltage states, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 and extending the Service life of the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 .
  • the process of closing the first charging switch 413 or the second charging switch 423 by the first control device 20 based on the voltage difference can be achieved by comparing the magnitude relationship between the voltage difference and the preset threshold. Then, different control strategies are implemented according to the comparison results. Specifically, it can be understood from the following two aspects:
  • the voltage difference is greater than the preset threshold.
  • the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold.
  • the first control device 20 is specifically used for:
  • the first target switch When the voltage difference is greater than the preset threshold, the first target switch is closed, the first target switch is the charging switch connected to the battery corresponding to the first target voltage, and the first target voltage is between the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage the minimum voltage;
  • a second signal is sent to the main power supply 10, where the second signal is used to instruct the main power supply 10 to supply power to the battery connected to the first target switch according to the first target voltage.
  • the above-mentioned preset threshold reflects that the voltage of the first battery 31 and the voltage of the second battery 32 are in a relatively balanced state. Therefore, after determining the voltage difference between the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, the first control device 20 compares the magnitude relationship between the voltage difference and the preset threshold. If the voltage difference is greater than the preset threshold, it reflects that the first charging voltage required by the first battery 31 and the second charging voltage required by the second battery 32 are quite different, and are in a relatively unbalanced state.
  • the first control device 20 should close the first target switch; and then send the second signal to the main power supply 10 to inform the main power supply 10 that the The first target voltage is used to charge the storage battery connected to the first target switch, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the two storage batteries and achieve voltage balance.
  • the aforementioned first target voltage is the minimum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the described first target switch is a charging switch connected to the battery corresponding to the first target voltage.
  • the first control device 20 can close the first charging switch 413 connected to the first battery 31, and then inform the main power supply 10, The first battery 31 is powered by the main power source 10 according to the first charging voltage.
  • the first control device 20 can close the second charging switch 423 connected to the second battery 32, and then inform the main power supply 10 that the main power supply 10 will charge the second charging voltage according to the second charging voltage.
  • the second battery 32 is powered.
  • the first control device 20 is specifically used for:
  • the third signal is used to instruct the main power supply 10 to charge the first battery 31 connected to the first charging switch 413 and the battery connected to the second charging switch 423 according to the second target voltage.
  • the second battery 32 supplies power, and the second target voltage is the maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the difference between the first charging voltage required by the first battery 31 and the second charging voltage required by the second battery 32 is relatively high. small, in a basically unbalanced state.
  • the first control device 20 should close the first charging switch 413 and the second charging switch 423 when the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold; and then notify the main power supply 10 that it needs to
  • the first storage battery 31 connected to the first power supply switch 411 is charged according to the second target voltage, and the second storage battery 32 connected to the second charging switch 423 is supplied with power.
  • the above-mentioned second target voltage is the maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the first control device 20 can close the first charging switch 413 and the second charging switch 423, and then notify the main The power supply 10 supplies power to the first storage battery 31 and the second storage battery 32 according to the second charging voltage from the main power supply 10 .
  • the first control device 20 can also close the first charging switch 413 and the second charging switch 423, and then inform the main power supply 10 that the main power supply 10 will charge the first charging voltage according to the first charging voltage.
  • the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 are powered.
  • a control device 20 should close the first charging switch 413 and the second charging switch 423, so that the main power supply 10 can supply power to the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 according to the maximum voltage, reduce the voltage difference between the batteries, and prolong the use of the battery life.
  • the above-mentioned first control device 20 can also be used for:
  • the first charging switch 413 and the second charging switch 423 are turned off. , a first discharge switch 412 and a second discharge switch 422 .
  • the first control device 20 continuously monitors the voltage of the first battery 31 and the voltage of the second battery 32. If the voltage of the first battery 31 is lower than the rated voltage, it means that the first battery 31 has Undervoltage fault; or, if the voltage of the second battery 32 is lower than the rated voltage, it reflects that the second battery 32 has an undervoltage fault. In this way, when the first battery 31 has an undervoltage fault or the second battery 32 has an undervoltage fault, the first control device 20 should isolate the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 to prevent the battery from discharging externally and accepting power supply .
  • the first control device 20 needs to turn off the first charging switch 413 and the first discharging switch 412 , and turn off the second charging switch 423 and the second discharging switch 422 . Not only can the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 be isolated, but also it can be ensured that the voltage difference between the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 will not be significantly different.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 only take the first control device 20 deployed on the first power supply device 41 as an example for description. In practical applications, the first control device 20 may also be deployed in the second power supply device 42 , which is not described herein as a limitation.
  • the first control device 20 can also be deployed outside the first power supply device 41 and the second power supply device 42.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in this embodiment of the application. .
  • the illustrated first power supply device 41 and the second power supply device 42 do not include the first control device 20 , while any one of the power supply devices in FIGS. 2 to 4 includes the first control device 20 .
  • the function of the first control device 20 in the vehicle power supply system shown in FIG. 5 can be specifically understood with reference to the content described in the foregoing FIGS. 2 to 4 , and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present application .
  • the vehicle power system may include:
  • the first control device 20 is configured to: monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply 10, and when the output voltage meets the first voltage level, disconnect the first power supply switch 411, so that the main power supply 10 stops supplying the at least one electrical load device 50 Power supply, wherein the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level reflects the occurrence of a secondary overvoltage fault in the main power supply 10;
  • the second control device 21 is configured to: monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply 10, and when the output voltage meets the first voltage level, turn off the second power supply switch 421, so that the main power supply 10 stops supplying the at least one electrical load device 50 powered by.
  • first end of the first power supply switch 411 is connected to the main power supply 10
  • second end of the first power supply switch 411 is connected to the first control device 20 and the second control device 21
  • the terminal is connected to the main power supply 10
  • the third terminal of the second power switch 421 is connected to the first control device 20 and the second control device 21 .
  • the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level reflects that a secondary overvoltage fault has occurred in the main power supply 10 (for details, please refer to the content of FIG. 2 for understanding, which will not be repeated here).
  • the first control device 20 may be deployed in the first power supply device 41
  • the second control device 21 may be deployed in the second power supply device 42 .
  • the first control device 20 turns off the first power supply switch 411 when monitoring that the output voltage of the main power supply 10 meets the first voltage level, so that the main power supply 10 cannot continue to provide power for at least one electrical load device 50
  • the second control device 21 also turns off the second power supply switch 421 when the output voltage of the main power supply 10 meets the first voltage level, so that the main power supply 10 cannot continue to provide power for at least one electrical load device 50 .
  • each control device can control the corresponding power supply switch in each power supply device to cut off the main power supply when the secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10
  • the path 10 for supplying power to at least one electrical load device 50 ensures that when a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10, each electrical load device will no longer receive the continuous overvoltage power supply of the main power supply 10, and is perfectly protected. each electrical load device; and by separately controlling the power supply switches in the respective power supply devices, the control efficiency is also improved.
  • first control device 20 may also be deployed in the second power supply device 42, and the second control device 21 may also be implemented in the first power supply device 41, which is not limited in the specific embodiment of the present application. illustrate.
  • FIG. 7 shows another schematic structural diagram of the vehicle power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first power supply device 41 further includes a first discharge switch 412
  • the second power supply device 42 further includes a second discharge switch 422 .
  • the first control device 20 is further configured to: close the first discharge switch 412 before turning off the first power supply switch 411, so as to realize that the first battery 31 supplies power to the at least one electrical load device 50;
  • the second control device 21 is further configured to: close the second discharge switch 422 before the second power supply switch 421 is turned off, so that the second battery 32 supplies power to the at least one electrical load device 50 .
  • the first control device 20 can also turn off the first power supply switch 411 so that the main power supply 10 stops supplying power to at least one electrical load device 50.
  • the first discharge switch 412 is closed first, so that the first battery 31 connected to the first discharge switch 412 can supply power to each electrical load device.
  • the second control device 21 may also close the second discharge switch 422 first, so that the second discharge switch 422 is connected with the second discharge switch 50 .
  • the second battery 32 connected at 422 is capable of powering each electrical load device.
  • the first control device 20 first closes the first discharge switch 412, and then opens the first power supply switch 411; the second control device 21 also closes the second discharge switch first. 422, and then turn off the second power switch 421. It not only realizes the process of cutting off the main power supply 10 to provide power for each electrical load device, but also realizes the transition from the main power supply 10 to the seamless switching between the first lithium battery and the second lithium battery, so that the electrical load device can work without obstacles. It is guaranteed; and it can also cut off the power supply path of the main power supply 10 for each electrical load device, and perfectly protect each electrical load device.
  • FIG. 8 shows another schematic structural diagram of the vehicle power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first power supply device 41 further includes a first charging switch 413
  • the second power supply device 42 further includes a second charging switch 423 .
  • the first control device 20 is further configured to: close the first power supply switch 411 when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, so as to realize that the main power supply 10 supplies power to at least one electrical load device 50, and Turn off the first charging switch 413, so that the main power supply 10 stops supplying power to the first battery 31, the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level reflects the occurrence of a primary overvoltage fault in the main power supply 10, and the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is smaller than the first battery 31.
  • the second control device 21 is further configured to: when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, close the second power supply switch 421, so as to realize that the main power supply 10 supplies power to at least one electrical load device 50, and The second charging switch 423 is turned off, so that the main power source 10 stops supplying power to the second storage battery 32 .
  • first end of the first charging switch 413 is connected to the third end of the first power supply switch 411
  • second end of the first charging switch 413 is connected to the first battery 31
  • third end of the first charging switch 413 is connected to The first control device 20 and the second control device 21 are connected
  • first end of the second charging switch 423 is connected to the third end of the second power supply switch 421
  • second end of the second charging switch 423 is connected to the second battery 32
  • the third end of the second charging switch 423 is connected to the first control device 20 and the second control device 21 .
  • the above-mentioned voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level reflects that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10 , and the value is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level (for understanding with reference to the description of FIG. 4 ). Furthermore, the battery is also destroyed when a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply 10 and a secondary overvoltage fault does not occur.
  • the first control device 20 should first close the first power supply switch when the output voltage meets the second voltage level but does not meet the first voltage level 411, and then turn off the first charging switch 413. Its purpose is mainly to ensure that each electrical load device can obtain the power provided by the main power supply 10 through the first power supply switch 411, so that the driving safety is guaranteed, and the first battery 31 is cut off to accept the main power supply 10 through the first charging switch. 413 supplied power. And, the second control device 21 should also close the second power supply switch 421 first, and then open the second charging switch 423 when the output voltage meets the second voltage level and does not meet the first voltage level, so as to achieve safe driving conditions. At the same time, the second battery 32 is cut off to receive the power provided by the main power source 10 through the second charging switch 423 , thereby protecting the second battery 32 .
  • the first control device 20 or the second control device 21 is further configured to:
  • the first charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the first storage battery 31 in the current battery state of the first storage battery 31.
  • the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery 32 in the current battery state of the second battery 32;
  • the second control device 21 is configured to close the second charging switch 423 according to the voltage difference.
  • the first control device 20 can The voltage difference closes the first charging switch 413 ; alternatively, the second charging switch 423 is closed by the second control device 21 based on the voltage difference.
  • the purpose is to enable the corresponding control device to send a signal to the main power supply 10 after closing the first charging switch 413 or the second charging switch 423 to notify the main power supply 10 that the first charging voltage or the second charging voltage is required.
  • the first control device 20 and the second control device 21 can close the charging switch controlled by the first control device 20 and the second control device 21 by comparing the voltage difference with the preset threshold value, and then the first control device 20 and the The second control device 21 controls according to the comparison result.
  • the first control device 20 can close the first charging switch 413 when judging that the first charging voltage is less than the second charging voltage; and notify the main power supply 10 by means of a signal or the like , the voltage of the first battery 31 is compensated by the main power supply 10 according to the first charging voltage.
  • the second control device 21 may close the second charging switch 423 when judging that the first charging voltage is greater than the second charging voltage; and notify the main power supply by means of a signal or the like 10.
  • the main power supply 10 performs voltage compensation on the second battery 32 according to the second charging voltage.
  • the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, it reflects that the difference between the first charging voltage required by the first battery 31 and the second charging voltage required by the second battery 32 is relatively small. At this time, the voltage of the first battery 31 and the second battery 32 can be compensated by the maximum voltage, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the batteries and avoid that when only one of the batteries is charged, the other battery is not charged, and the other battery is not charged. This results in a larger pressure difference. Therefore, if the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the first control device 20 needs to close the first charging switch 413, and the second control device 21 also needs to close the second charging switch 423, and notify the main power supply by means of signals or the like 10. The main power supply 10 performs voltage compensation to the first storage battery 31 and the second storage battery 32 according to the maximum voltage of the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the above-mentioned first control device 20 can also be used to: monitor the voltage of the first battery 31 ; when the voltage of the first battery 31 reflects that the first battery 31 has an undervoltage fault , disconnect the first charging switch 413 and the first discharging switch 412 , and send a fourth signal to the second control device 21 to instruct the second control device 21 to disconnect the second charging switch 423 and the second discharging switch 422 .
  • the described undervoltage fault can be understood as the voltage of the battery itself is lower than the rated voltage.
  • the content described in the embodiment in the foregoing first case that is, two power supply devices are controlled by one control device at the same time, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first control device 20 can also monitor the voltage of the first battery 31 in real time; and in the first battery 31
  • the voltage situation reflects that when the first battery 31 has an undervoltage fault, not only the first charging switch 413 and the first discharging switch 412 should be disconnected, so as to neither accept the power provided by the main power supply 10 nor discharge externally, and isolate the The first battery 31; and also need to notify the second control device 21 to disconnect the second charging switch 423 and the second discharging switch 422, the purpose of which is to prevent the second battery 32 from continuing to receive the power provided by the main power source 10 and discharging externally, thereby The occurrence of an increase in the pressure difference between the isolated first battery 31 and the second battery 32 is prevented.
  • the above-mentioned second control device 21 can also be used to: monitor the voltage of the second battery 32 ; when the voltage of the second battery 32 reflects that an undervoltage fault occurs in the second battery 32 , the second charging switch 423 and the second discharging switch 422 are disconnected, and a fifth signal is sent to the first control device 20 to instruct the first control device 20 to disconnect the first charging switch 413 and the first discharging switch 412 .
  • the second control device 21 also needs to isolate the second battery 32 .
  • the specific isolation method can be understood with reference to the above-mentioned method for the first control device 20 to isolate the first battery 31 , which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in the embodiment of the present application. On the basis of the above 8 and the optional embodiment, it can be seen from FIG.
  • the second control device 21 is also used for: monitoring the operating state of the second control device 21;
  • the first control device 20 is further configured to: control the second power supply switch 421 , the second charging switch 423 or the second discharging switch 422 when the operating state of the second control reflects that the second control device 21 has a running failure.
  • the first control device 20 in addition to connecting the first power supply switch 411 , the first charging switch 413 and the first discharging switch 412 , the first control device 20 is also connected to the second power supplying switch 421 , the second charging switch 423 and the second discharging switch 422 connections.
  • the second control device 21 determines that an operating failure has occurred after monitoring its own operating state, it can send a signal to the first control device 20 through a communication line, etc., to inform the first control device 20 that it needs to act as a backup
  • the role of the control device is to control the second power supply switch 421 , the second charging switch 423 or the second discharging switch 422 .
  • the second control device cannot work normally due to a fault
  • the second power supply switch 421, the second charging switch 423 or the second discharging switch 422 can still be controlled by the backup first control device, thereby realizing the When an overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, the driving safety of the vehicle can still be guaranteed, and the second battery is not damaged by the overvoltage.
  • the second control device 21 fails and the first control device 20 takes over the work of the second control device 21, it can also be considered that only the first control device 20 controls the first power supply switch 411, The first charging switch 413 , the first discharging switch 412 , the second power supply switch 421 , the second charging switch 423 or the second discharging switch 422 .
  • the specific case of only being controlled by the first control device 20 can be understood with reference to the content described in the above-mentioned first case (ie, two power supply devices are controlled by one control device at the same time), which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle power supply system provided in an embodiment of the present application. It can be seen from FIG. 10 that the second end of the first power supply switch 411 is also connected to the second control device 21 , the third end of the first discharge switch 412 is also connected to the second control device 21 , and the third end of the first charging switch 413 is also connected to the second control device 21 . Connected to the second control device 21 .
  • the first control device 20 is further used for: monitoring the running state of the first control device 20;
  • the second control device 21 is further configured to: control the first power supply switch 411 , the first charging switch 413 or the first discharging switch 412 when the operating state of the first control reflects that the first control device 20 has an operating failure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an overvoltage protection method provided in an embodiment of the application.
  • the overcurrent protection method can be applied to the vehicle power supply system described in FIGS. 2 to 5 , as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the method can include:
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level described above can reflect that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply.
  • the described first-level overvoltage fault can be understood as that the voltage value corresponding to the corresponding second voltage level will only cause damage to the first battery and the second battery, such as failure to work normally, short circuit, etc. Specifically, it can be understood with reference to the content described in the foregoing FIG. 4 , which is not repeated here.
  • the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold and less than the above-mentioned first preset voltage threshold (ie, it is understood as a voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level). If the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold and less than the first preset voltage threshold, the subsequent step 1103 may be performed.
  • the described first preset voltage threshold is the above-mentioned minimum limit value of the first voltage level
  • the second preset voltage threshold value is the minimum limit value of the second voltage level.
  • step 1101 may be continued, which is not described here.
  • controlling the closing of the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch enables the main power supply to supply power to at least one electrical load device, ensuring driving Safety. And by controlling the disconnection of the first charging switch and the second charging switch, the main power supply stops supplying power to the first battery and the second battery, so as to ensure driving safety, avoid continuing to supply power to the battery, and protect the battery from The voltage is getting bigger and bigger and is damaged, which affects the service life.
  • the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold and less than the above-mentioned first preset voltage threshold (ie, it is understood as a voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level). If the output voltage is greater than the second preset voltage threshold and less than the first preset voltage threshold, it means that the output voltage satisfies the second voltage level and has not yet reached the first voltage level.
  • the described first preset voltage threshold is the above-mentioned minimum limit value of the first voltage level
  • the second preset voltage threshold value is the minimum limit value of the second voltage level. Specifically, it can be understood with reference to the content described in the foregoing FIG. 4 , which is not repeated here.
  • the output voltage continues to rise from low voltage to high voltage. Therefore, after closing the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch to achieve seamless switching of the power supply to provide voltage for each electrical load device, it can be further determined whether the output voltage meets the first voltage level.
  • the voltage value corresponding to the described first voltage level reflects that a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply, and the secondary overvoltage fault can damage all components in the vehicle power supply system, including damage to each electrical load device, affecting driving safety. Specifically, it can be understood with reference to the content described in the foregoing FIG. 2 , which is not repeated here.
  • the output voltage can be compared with a first preset voltage threshold (ie, a voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level). If the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, the subsequent step 1106 may be performed.
  • a first preset voltage threshold ie, a voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level
  • the previous step 1101 may be continued, which will not be described here.
  • the main power supply can be stopped to continue supplying power to at least one electrical load device. In the above manner, it can be ensured that at least one electrical load device in the vehicle power supply system is not damaged, thereby avoiding a dangerous situation due to damage to the electrical load device during driving.
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic diagram of an overvoltage protection method provided in an embodiment of the present application. Specific steps are as follows:
  • the described first charging voltage can reflect the effective voltage value required by the first battery in the current battery state, that is, how many volts the main power supply needs to provide the first battery in order to effectively charge the first battery, And there is no one-level overvoltage fault described above.
  • the described battery state of the first battery itself may include, but is not limited to, the temperature, power SOC, state of health (SOH), voltage value, voltage loss, etc. of the first battery.
  • the second battery can also determine the corresponding second charging voltage according to its own battery state.
  • the described second charging voltage can reflect the effective voltage value required by the second battery in the current battery state, that is, how many volts the main power supply needs to provide the second battery in order to effectively charge the second battery, and it has not yet occurred.
  • the described battery state of the second battery itself may also include, but is not limited to, the temperature, power SOC, state of health, voltage value, voltage loss, and the like of the second battery 32 .
  • the corresponding voltage difference is obtained by making a difference between the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage. Then, the magnitude between the voltage difference and the preset threshold is determined. If it is determined that the voltage difference is greater than the preset threshold, the subsequent steps 1204-1206 are performed; otherwise, if it is determined that the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the subsequent steps 1207-1209 are performed.
  • the first target switch is the charging switch connected to the battery corresponding to the first target voltage
  • the first target voltage is the first charging voltage and the first target voltage. The minimum of two charging voltages.
  • the first control device should determine the minimum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, and then connect the battery connected to the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage. The charging switch is closed, and then the power supply line between the main power supply and the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage is connected.
  • the main power supply can be controlled to supply power according to the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, and gradually increase the voltage of the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the two batteries and realize The voltage is balanced, so that the service life of the battery can be extended.
  • Output a third signal where the third signal is used to instruct the main power supply to supply power to the first storage battery connected to the first charging switch and to the second storage battery connected to the second charging switch according to the second target voltage,
  • the second target voltage is the maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the voltage difference is less than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the difference between the first charging voltage required by the first battery and the second charging voltage required by the second battery is relatively small and is in a basically unbalanced state. Therefore, in order to reduce the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery and ensure that the low-voltage battery can be charged, the first charging switch and the second charging switch should be closed, and then the main power supply to the first battery and the second battery should be turned on. between the power supply lines. Then, the main power supply is controlled to supply power to the first battery and the second battery according to the maximum voltage of the first battery and the second battery.
  • the first The control device should close the first charging switch and the second charging switch, so that the main power supply can supply power to the first battery and the second battery according to the maximum voltage, reduce the voltage difference between the batteries, and prolong the service life of the battery.
  • the voltage of the first battery is lower than the rated voltage due to its own short-circuit, over-discharge, etc., then continuing to use the battery will easily cause danger and affect the service life of the battery. Only by isolating the battery and repairing the battery manually , to avoid the battery being scrapped. Therefore, the voltage of the first battery and the voltage of the second battery should be continuously monitored. If the voltage of the first battery is lower than the rated voltage, it means that the first battery has an undervoltage fault; or, if the second battery The voltage is lower than the rated voltage, reflecting the undervoltage fault of the second battery.
  • the first battery and the second battery should be isolated to prevent the battery from discharging externally and receiving power.
  • the isolation can be achieved by disconnecting the first charging switch and the first discharging switch, and disconnecting the second charging switch and the second discharging switch. Not only can the first battery and the second battery be isolated, but also it can be ensured that there will not be a large difference in the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery.
  • the overvoltage protection method described in FIGS. 11-13 is mainly applied to the vehicle power supply system provided in the aforementioned FIGS. 2-5 (that is, the vehicle power supply system includes only one control device).
  • the vehicle power supply system includes only one control device.
  • the content of the described vehicle power supply system is to be understood, and no further description is given here.
  • the above-mentioned first control device may be implemented by one entity device, or may be jointly implemented by multiple entity devices, or may be a logical function unit in one entity device, which is not specifically described in this embodiment of the present application. limited.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a first control device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first control device includes at least one processor 1401 and a memory 1402 .
  • the processor 1401 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (application-specific integrated circuit, server IC), or one or more programs used to control the program execution of the present application of integrated circuits.
  • the memory 1402 may be read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of static storage device that can store information and instructions It can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, CD-ROM storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and capable of being executed by a computer Access any other medium without limitation.
  • the memory 1402 may exist independently, or the memory 1402 may be integrated with the processor 1401 .
  • the memory 1402 is used for storing computer-executed instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 1401 .
  • the processor 1401 is configured to execute the computer-executed instructions stored in the memory 1402, thereby implementing the overvoltage protection method provided by the above method embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer-executed instructions in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as application code, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor 1401 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 14 .
  • the first control device may include multiple processors, for example, the processor 1401 and the processor 1403 in FIG. 14 .
  • Each of these processors can be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer-executed instructions).
  • the present application may divide the first control device into functional units according to the above method embodiments.
  • each functional unit may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one in the functional unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, and may also be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of a first control device.
  • an embodiment of the first control device of the present application may include a monitoring unit 1501 and a processing unit 1502;
  • a monitoring unit 1501 configured to monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply
  • a processing unit 1502 configured to disconnect the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch when the output voltage meets a first voltage level, so that the main power supply stops supplying power to the at least one electrical load device , wherein the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level reflects that a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply.
  • the monitoring unit 1501 needs to monitor the output voltage generated by the main power supply in real time; and the processing unit 1502 judges whether the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, and the described first preset voltage threshold is consistent with the first voltage level.
  • the processing unit 1502 needs to disconnect the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch connected to the main power supply when the output voltage is greater than the first preset voltage threshold, so that the main power supply can stop supplying at least one electrical load device In this way, the power supply path of the main power supply for each electrical load device is cut off, and it is guaranteed that each electrical load device will no longer receive the main power supply when a secondary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply.
  • the continuous overvoltage power supply perfectly protects each electrical load device.
  • the processing unit 1502 may be further configured to: before opening the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, close the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch, so that all the The first battery and the second battery supply power to the at least one electrical load device.
  • the processing unit 1502 first closes the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch, and then opens the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, so that when the path for the main power supply to supply power to each electrical load device is cut off, It not only protects each electrical load device perfectly; but also can provide power for the electrical load device during the cut-off process, and the seamless switch from the main power supply to the first lithium battery and the second lithium battery makes the electrical load The barrier-free work of the device is guaranteed.
  • processing unit 1502 may also be used for:
  • the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch are closed, so as to realize the supply of the main power supply to the at least one electrical load power supply to the device, and turn off the first charging switch to stop the main power supply from supplying power to the first battery, and turn off the second charging switch to stop the main power supply from supplying power to the second battery
  • the battery supplies power
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level reflects that a primary overvoltage fault occurs in the main power supply
  • the voltage value corresponding to the second voltage level is smaller than the voltage value corresponding to the first voltage level.
  • the processing unit 1502 can also determine whether the output voltage satisfies the above-mentioned second voltage level; then, when the output voltage satisfies the above-mentioned second voltage level and does not satisfy the first At the voltage level, first close the first power supply switch and the second power supply switch, so that the output voltage of the main power supply can supply power to at least one electrical load device, ensuring that each electrical load device does not stop working due to no power; Turn on the first charging switch to realize that the main power supply stops supplying power to the first battery, thereby cutting off the path for the main power supply to supply power to the first battery and preventing the first battery from being damaged by overvoltage; similarly, it is also necessary to disconnect the second battery.
  • a charging switch is used to realize that the main power supply stops supplying power to the second battery, thereby cutting off the path for the main power supply to supply power to the second battery, and ensuring that the second battery is not damaged by overvoltage.
  • processing unit 1502 may also be used for:
  • the effective voltage value of the second charging voltage indicates the effective voltage value required by the second battery in the current battery state of the second battery
  • the processing unit 1502 closes the first charging switch or the second charging switch, and then the main power supply performs voltage charging for the first battery or the second battery according to the requested first charging voltage or second charging voltage.
  • the compensation can gradually realize that the first battery and the second battery can be charged evenly under different voltage states, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery, and prolonging the service life of the first battery and the second battery.
  • processing unit 1502 may also be used for:
  • the first target switch When the voltage difference is greater than a preset threshold, the first target switch is closed, the first target switch is a charging switch connected to the battery corresponding to the first target voltage, and the first target voltage is the first target switch the minimum voltage of the charging voltage and the second charging voltage;
  • a second signal is sent to the main power source, where the second signal is used to instruct the main power source to supply power to the battery connected to the first target switch according to the first target voltage.
  • the processing unit 1502 should determine the minimum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage, and then close the battery connected to the battery corresponding to the minimum voltage. charging switch. Then, by sending a second signal to the main power supply, it is informed that the main power supply needs to charge the corresponding battery according to the minimum voltage, so as to reduce the voltage difference between the two batteries and achieve voltage balance.
  • processing unit 1502 may also be used for:
  • the third signal is used to instruct the main power source to charge the first battery connected to the first charging switch and the second battery according to the second target voltage.
  • the second battery connected to the charging switch supplies power, and the second target voltage is a maximum voltage among the first charging voltage and the second charging voltage.
  • the processing unit 1502 should close the first charging switch and the second charging switch, so that the main power supply can supply power to the first battery and the second battery according to the maximum voltage, reduce the voltage difference between the batteries, and prolong the service life of the battery.
  • processing unit 1502 may also be used for:
  • the processing unit 1502 continuously monitors the voltage of the first battery and the voltage of the second battery. If the voltage of the first battery is lower than the rated voltage, it means that the first battery has an undervoltage fault; or, if the voltage of the first battery is lower than the rated voltage When the voltage of the second battery is lower than the rated voltage, it reflects that the second battery has an undervoltage fault. In this way, when the first battery has an undervoltage fault or the second battery has an undervoltage fault, the first control device should isolate the first battery and the second battery to prevent the battery from discharging externally and accepting power. Specifically, the first control device needs to turn off the first charging switch and the first discharging switch, and turn off the second charging switch and the second discharging switch. Not only can the first battery and the second battery be isolated, but also it can be ensured that there will not be a large difference in the voltage difference between the first battery and the second battery.
  • the first control device is presented in the form of dividing each functional unit in an integrated manner.
  • "Functional unit” herein may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a processor and memory executing one or more software or firmware programs, an integrated logic circuit, and/or other functions that can provide the above-mentioned functions. device.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the first control device may take the form shown in FIG. 14 .
  • the processor 1401 in FIG. 14 may execute the instructions by calling the computer stored in the memory 1402, so that the first control device executes the method in any one of the method embodiments in FIGS. 11-13 .
  • the functions/implementation process of the monitoring unit 1501 and the processing unit 1502 in FIG. 15 can be realized by the processor 1401 in FIG. 14 mobilizing the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 1402 .

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Abstract

一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法,保障在主电源(10)发生过压故障时,每个电气负载装置(50)不会再接受到主电源(10)持续且过压的供电,完好地保护每个电气负载装置(50),使行车安全得到保障,降低行车风险。该车辆电源系统包括:主电源(10)、第一控制装置(20)、第一蓄电池(31)、第二蓄电池(32)、第一供电装置(41)、第二供电装置(42)和至少一个电气负载装置(50),第一供电装置(41)包括第一供电开关(411),第二供电装置(42)包括第二供电开关(421);主电源(10)用于生成输出电压;第一控制装置(20)用于:监测主电源(10)生成的输出电压;在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关(411)和第二供电开关(421),以使主电源(10)停止向至少一个电气负载装置(50)供电,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源(10)发生二级过压故障。

Description

一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电路技术领域,尤其涉及一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法。
背景技术
在没有配备高级驾驶辅助系统(advanced driving assistance system,ADAS)的车辆中,由直流转换器(direct current/direct current,DC/DC)和一块蓄电池为新能源车辆提供低压电源,或者通过发电机和一块蓄电池为汽车或柴油车提供低压电源。近年来,随着ADAS的发展和普及,并且为了满足车辆电源系统的电气安全要求和功能安全的需求,在车辆电源系统中配备双蓄电池的方案成为了满足ADAS功能需求的必要措施。前述的双蓄电池的方案理解成,在车辆上配备两块12V电压的蓄电池,进而通过这两块12V的蓄电池和DC/DC为新能源车辆提供低压电源,或者通过这两块12V的蓄电池和发电机为汽车或柴油车提供低压电源。
然而,在相关技术中,在车辆电源系统中的DC/DC发生过压故障时,虽然能够切断对双蓄电池的供电,但是在DC/DC发生严重的过压故障时,却无法切断对转向EPS等电气负载装置的供电,从而造成由于电源过压继续损坏电气负载装置,进而带来行车安全风险。
因此,如何在DC/DC发生严重的过压故障时,保证电气负载装置等不被损坏,已经成为了一个亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法,保障在主电源发生过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;继而使行车安全得到保障,降低行车风险。
为解决上述问题,本申请实施例提供以下技术方案:
第一方面,本申请实施例提供一种车辆电源系统,该车辆电源系统可以包括:主电源、第一控制装置、第一蓄电池、第二蓄电池、第一供电装置、第二供电装置和至少一个电气负载装置,第一供电装置包括第一供电开关,第二供电装置包括第二供电开关;其中,第一供电开关的第一端连接主电源,第一供电开关的第二端与第一控制装置连接;第二供电开关的第一端连接主电源,第二供电开关的第二端与第一控制装置连接;主电源,用于生成输出电压;第一控制装置,用于:监测主电源生成的输出电压;在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以使主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电,其中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生二级过压故障。
需理解,所描述的二级过压故障可以理解成,相应的第一电压等级对应的电压值会损坏掉该车辆电源系统中的所有元器件,比如:至少一个电气负载装置中的每个电气负载装置等。另外,所描述的电气负载装置可以包括但不限于转向EPS(电动助力转向系统)、制动ESP、整车控制器、ADAS控制器、灯光等电气部件,此处不做限定。另外,所描述的第一 蓄电池、第二蓄电池也可以是锂电池、铅酸电池等,所描述的第一供电开关、第二供电开关可以是PMOS管,NMOS管等,此处不做限定。上述的主电源也可以是DC/DC转换器等。
因此,为了在该主电源发生二级过压故障时,能够保障该车辆电源系统中的至少一个电气负载装置不会遭到损坏,进而避免在行车过程中,不会因电气负载装置的损坏发生危险的现象。通过上述方式,第一控制装置需要实时监测主电源生成的输出电压,并判断该输出电压是否大于第一预设电压阈值,所描述的第一预设电压阈值与第一电压等级相对应;并在该输出电压大于第一预设电压阈值时,需要断开与主电源连接的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,使得该主电源能够停止向至少一个电气负载装置中的每个电气负载装置供电,这样就切断了主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的路径,保障了在主电源发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置。
可选的,在一些示例中,第一供电装置还包括第一放电开关,第二供电装置还包括第二放电开关;第一放电开关的第一端连接第一供电开关的第三端,第一放电开关的第二端连接第一蓄电池,第一放电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第二放电开关的第一端连接第二供电开关的第三端,第二放电开关的第二端连接第二蓄电池,第二放电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第一控制装置,还用于:在断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关之前,闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关,以使第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
需说明,由于主电源在没有发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置能够工作的电压主要来自于该主电源。因此通过上述方式,第一控制装置先闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关,然后再断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关,能够在切断了主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的路径时,不仅完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;而且还能够在切断过程中,实现为电气负载装置提供电源,由主电源至第一锂电池和第二锂电池之间的无缝切换,使电气负载装置无障碍工作得到了保障。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一供电装置还包括第一充电开关,第二供电装置还包括第二充电开关;第一充电开关的第一端与第一供电开关的第三端连接,第一充电开关的第二端与第一蓄电池连接,第一充电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第二充电开关的第一端与第二供电开关的第三端连接,第二充电开关的第二端与第二蓄电池连接,第二充电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第一控制装置,还用于:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以实现主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开第一充电开关,以使主电源停止向第一蓄电池供电,以及断开第二充电开关,以使主电源停止向第二蓄电池供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生一级过压故障,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值。
需说明,所描述的一级过压故障可以理解成,相应的第二电压等级对应的电压值仅仅会对第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池造成损害,如:无法正常工作,短路等。通过上述方式,由于输出电压逐渐从低压升高至高压,因此该第一控制装置在持续监控该主电源的输出电压后,还可以判断该输出电压是否满足上述的第二电压等级;然后,在输出电压满足上述的 第二电压等级且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第一供电开关和第二供电开关,使得主电源10的输出电压能够为至少一个电气负载装置供电,保证了每个电气负载装置不因没有电量而停止工作;最后,再断开第一充电开关,以实现该主电源停止向第一蓄电池供电,从而切断主电源为第一蓄电池进行供电的路径,避免了第一蓄电池被过压损坏;同样地,还需要断开第二充电开关,以实现该主电源停止向第二蓄电池供电,从而切断主电源为第二蓄电池进行供电的路径,保障了第二蓄电池不被过压损坏。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置,还用于:获取第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,第一充电电压指示第一蓄电池在第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,第二充电电压指示第二蓄电池在第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值;基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关;向主电源发送第一信号,第一信号用于指示主电源按照第一充电电压或第二充电电压向第一蓄电池或第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。通过上述方式,在第一蓄电池确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第一充电电压),以及第二蓄电池确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第二充电电压)之后,由第一控制装置基于两者的电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关,进而由主电源按照所请求的第一充电电压或第二充电电压为第一蓄电池或第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,逐步实现第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池在不同的电压状态下,能够均衡充电,从而减少第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池之间的电压差,延长第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的使用寿命。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置,用于:在电压差值大于预设阈值时,闭合第一目标开关,第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,第一目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压;向主电源发送第二信号,第二信号用于指示主电源按照第一目标电压,向与第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。通过上述方式,如果该电压差值大于预设阈值,则反映出第一蓄电池所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池所需要的第二充电电压相差较大,处于一个较为不均衡的状态。因此,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的压差,第一控制装置应当在确定出第一充电电压和第二充电电压中的最小电压,然后闭合与该最小电压对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关。继而通过向主电源发送第二信号的方式,告知主电源需要按照最小电压为与相应的蓄电池进行充电,以减少两者蓄电池之间的压差,实现电压均衡。
可选的,第一控制装置,用于:在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关;向主电源发送第三信号,第三信号用于指示主电源按照第二目标电压,向与第一充电开关所连接的第一蓄电池、以及向与第二充电开关所连接的第二蓄电池进行供电,第二目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压。通过上述方式,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,如果主电源只给高电压的蓄电池供电,低压的蓄电池始终因无法充电,造成蓄电池之间的压差越来越大,因此第一控制装置应当闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关,使得主电源能够按照最大电压为第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电,减少蓄电池之间的压差,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置,还用于:监测第一蓄电池的电压情况和第 二蓄电池的电压情况;在第一蓄电池的电压情况反映第一蓄电池发生欠压故障,或第二蓄电池的电压情况反映第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开第一充电开关、第二充电开关、第一放电开关以及第二放电开关。通过上述方式,第一控制装置持续监控该第一蓄电池的电压情况和第二蓄电池的电压情况,如果第一蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,那么就说明该第一蓄电池发生欠压故障;或者,如果时第二蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,反映出第二蓄电池发生欠压故障。这样,在第一蓄电池发生欠压故障或者第二蓄电池发生欠压故障的情况下,第一控制装置应当将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,避免蓄电池对外放电,以及接受供电。具体地,第一控制装置需要断开第一充电开关、第一放电开关,以及断开第二充电开关、第二放电开关。不仅能够将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,而且还能够保证第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池之间的压差不会存在较大的差异。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一供电装置和第二供电装置中的任意一个供电装置包括第一控制装置,或,第一供电装置和第二供电装置均不包括第一控制装置。通过上述方式,在该车辆电源系统中可以只包括一个第一控制装置,具体可以部署在第一供电装置和第二供电装置中的任意一个供电装置中;也可以不部署在任意一个供电装置中,例如:可以部署在主电源等设备中,起到节省成本的效果。此外,不限定第一控制装置的部署方式,为不同的使用场景提供了丰富的使用方式。
可选的,上述所描述的第一控制装置包括电子控制单元ECU。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供了另一种车辆电源系统,该车辆电源系统可以包括:主电源、第一控制装置、第一蓄电池、第二蓄电池、第一供电装置、第二供电装置和至少一个电气负载装置,第一供电装置包括第一控制装置和第一供电开关,第二供电装置包括第二控制装置和第二供电开关;第一供电开关的第一端连接主电源,第一供电开关的第二端与第一控制装置连接;第二供电开关的第一端连接主电源,第二供电开关的第二端与第二控制装置连接;主电源,用于生成输出电压;第一控制装置,用于:监测主电源生成的输出电压,并在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关,以使主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电,其中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生二级过压故障;第二控制装置,用于:监测主电源生成的输出电压,并在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第二供电开关,以使主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
需说明,该示例中,通过两个控制装置分别控制各自的供电装置中的供电开关,使得在主电源发生二级过压故障时,不仅能够使每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;而且分别控制各自的供电装置中的供电开关,也能够提高控制效率。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一供电装置还包括第一放电开关,第二供电装置还包括第二放电开关;第一放电开关的第一端连接第一供电开关的第三端,第一放电开关的第二端连接第一蓄电池,第一放电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第二放电开关的第一端连接第二供电开关的第三端,第二放电开关的第二端连接第二蓄电池,第二放电开关的第三端与所第二控制装置连接;第一控制装置,还用于:在断开第一供电开关之前,闭合第一放电开关,以实现第一蓄电池向至少一个电气负载装置供电;第二控制装置,还用于: 在断开第二供电开关之前,闭合第二放电开关,以实现第二蓄电池向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
通过上述方式,在主电源发生二级过压故障时,第一控制装置先闭合第一放电开关再断开第一供电开关;第二控制装置也是先闭合第二放电开关,再断开第二供电开关。不仅实现了在切断主电源为每个电气负载装置提供电源的过程中,实现由主电源转变至第一锂电池和第二锂电池之间的无缝切换,使电气负载装置无障碍工作得到了保障;而且还能够切断主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的路径,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一供电装置还包括第一充电开关,第二供电装置还包括第二充电开关;第一充电开关的第一端与第一供电开关的第三端连接,第一充电开关的第二端与第一蓄电池连接,第一充电开关的第三端与第一控制装置连接;第二充电开关的第一端与第二供电开关的第三端连接,第二充电开关的第二端与第二蓄电池连接,第二充电开关的第三端与第二控制装置连接;第一控制装置,还用于:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第一供电开关,以实现主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开第一充电开关,以使主电源停止向第一蓄电池供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生一级过压故障,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值;第二控制装置,还用于:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第二供电开关,以实现主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开第二充电开关,以使主电源停止向第二蓄电池供电。
需说明,上述的第二电压等级对应的电压值反映出主电源发生一级过压故障,并且该值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值(即,反映出前文二级过压故障的电压值)。而且,蓄电池在主电源发生一级过压故障,并且没有发生二级过压故障时,也会遭到破坏。
因此,在通过两个控制装置分别控制供电装置的场景中,为了保护蓄电池,第一控制装置应当在输出电压满足第二电压等级、且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第一供电开关,然后再断开第一充电开关。其目的主要是为了保证每个电气负载装置,能够得到主电源通过第一供电开关提供的电源,使行车安全得到保障的同时,切断该第一蓄电池接受主电源通过第一充电开关提供的电源。以及,第二控制装置也应当在输出电压满足第二电压等级、且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第二供电开关,然后再断开第二充电开关,实现在行车安全得到保障的同时,切断该第二蓄电池3接受主电源通过第二充电开关提供的电源,继而保护了第二蓄电池。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置或第二控制装置,还用于:获取第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,第一充电电压指示第一蓄电池在第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,第二充电电压指示第二蓄电池在第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值;第一控制装置,用于根据电压差值闭合第一充电开关;或,第二控制装置,用于根据电压差值闭合第二充电开关。
由此看出,通过第一控制装置或者第二控制装置比较所获取到的第一充电电压和第二充电电压,得到相应的电压差值后,该第一控制装置,可以根据该电压差值闭合第一充电 开关;或者,由第二控制装置基于该电压差值闭合第二充电开关。其目的是为了能够在闭合第一充电开关或者第二充电开关后,由相应的控制装置向主电源发送信号,通知主电源需要按照所请求的第一充电电压或第二充电电压,为第一蓄电池或第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,逐步实现第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池在不同的电压状态下,能够均衡充电,从而减少第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池之间的电压差,延长第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的使用寿命。
可选的,在另一些示例中,在电压差值大于预设阈值时,第一控制装置,用于:在第一充电电压小于第二充电电压时,闭合第一充电开关,以实现主电源按照第一充电电压向第一蓄电池进行电压的补偿;或,第二控制装置,用于:在第一充电电压大于第一充电电压时,闭合第二充电开关,以实现主电源按照第二充电电压向第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。
可选的,在另一些示例中,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,第一控制装置用于闭合第一充电开关、以及第二控制装置用于闭合第二充电开关,以实现主电源按照第二目标电压,向第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,第二目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压。需说明,如果电压差值小于或等于预设阈值,反映出第一蓄电池所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池所需要的第二充电电压相差较小。
通过上述方式,通过最大电压对第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,以能够减小蓄电池之间的压差,并避免只为其中一个蓄电池充电时,另外一个蓄电池因未充电,而造成压差越大的情况发生。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置,还用于:监测第一蓄电池的电压情况;在第一蓄电池的电压情况反映第一蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开第一充电开关和第一放电开关,并向第二控制装置发送第四信号,以指示第二控制装置断开第二充电开关和第二放电开关。
需说明,所描述的欠压故障可以理解成,蓄电池自身的电压低于额定电压。因此,通过上述方式,在第一控制装置和第二控制装置分别控制两个供电装置的场景中,第一控制装置还能够对该第一蓄电池的电压情况进行实时监控;并且在第一蓄电池的电压情况反映出该第一蓄电池发生欠压故障时,不仅要断开第一充电开关和第一放电开关,实现既不接受主电源提供的电源,也不对外放电,隔离该第一蓄电池;而且还需要通知第二控制装置断开第二充电开关和第二放电开关,其目的在于避免第二蓄电池继续接受主电源提供的电源、以及对外放电,从而杜绝被隔离的第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池之间的压差增大的情况发生。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第二控制装置,还用于:监测第二蓄电池的电压情况;在第二蓄电池的电压情况反映第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开第二充电开关和第二放电开关,并向第一控制装置发送第五信号,以指示第一控制装置断开第一充电开关和第一放电开关。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第二供电开关的第二端还与第一控制装置连接,第二放电开关的第三端还与第一控制装置连接,第二充电开关的第三端还与第一控制装置连接;第二控制装置,还用于:监测第二控制装置的运行状态;第一控制装置,还用于:在第二控制的运行状态反映出第二控制装置发生运行故障时,控制第二供电开关、第二充电开关或 第二放电开关。
通过上述方式,由于第一控制装置除了连接第一供电开关、第一充电开关以及第一放电开关以外,还可以与第二供电开关、第二充电开关以及第二放电开关连接。这样,如果第二控制装置在监测出自己的运行状态后,判断出自己已经发生运行故障,那么可以通过通信线等向第一控制装置发出信号,告知该第一控制装置需要充当备份控制装置的角色,控制第二供电开关、第二充电开关或者第二放电开关。由此看出,在第二控制装置因故障无法正常工作的情况下,依旧可以通过备份的第一控制装置控制第二供电开关、第二充电开关或者第二放电开关,进而实现在主电源发生过压故障时,依旧能够保障车辆的行车安全,第二蓄电池不被过压损坏等。
此外,需说明,在第二控制装置出现故障,由该第一控制装置接替该第二控制装置工作时,具体也可以看做成只由第一控制装置,控制第一供电开关、第一充电开关、第一放电开关、第二供电开关、第二充电开关或者第二放电开关。具体只由一个第一控制装置控制的情况,可以参照上述第一方面所提供的车辆电源系统中所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述说明。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一供电开关的第二端还与第二控制装置连接,第一放电开关的第三端还与第二控制装置连接,第一充电开关的第三端还与第二控制装置连接;第一控制装置,还用于:监测第一控制装置的运行状态;第二控制装置,还用于:在第一控制的运行状态反映出第一控制装置发生运行故障时,控制第一供电开关、第一充电开关或第一放电开关。
需说明,在第一控制装置在监测出自己的运行状态后,判断出自己已经发生运行故障,那么可以通过通信线等向第一控制装置发出信号,告知该第一控制装置需要充当备份控制装置的角色,控制第二供电开关、第二充电开关或者第二放电开关。在第一控制装置因故障无法正常工作的情况下,依旧可以通过备份的第二控制装置控制第一供电开关、第一充电开关或者第一放电开关,进而实现在主电源发生过压故障时,依旧能够保障车辆的行车安全,第一蓄电池不被过压损坏等。
可选的,第一控制装置包括第一电子控制单元ECU,以及第二控制装置包括第二ECU。
第三方面,本申请实施例中提供了一种过压保护的方法,该方法可以应用于车辆电源系统,该方法可以包括:监测车辆电源系统中主电源生成的输出电压;判断输出电压是否满足第一电压等级,其中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映车辆电源系统发生二级过压故障;在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开车辆电源系统中的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以使主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该方法还可以包括:在断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关之前,闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关,以使第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该方法还可以包括:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以实现主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开第一充电开关,以使主电源停止向第一蓄电池供电,以及断开 第二充电开关,以使主电源停止向第二蓄电池供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生一级过压故障,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该方法还可以包括:获取第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,第一充电电压指示第一蓄电池在第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,第二充电电压指示第二蓄电池在第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值;基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关;向主电源发送第一信号,第一信号用于指示主电源按照第一充电电压或第二充电电压向第一蓄电池或第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关,包括:在电压差值大于预设阈值时,闭合第一目标开关,第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,第一目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压;向主电源发送第二信号,第二信号用于指示主电源按照第一目标电压,向与第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关,包括:在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关;向主电源发送第三信号,第三信号用于指示主电源按照第二目标电压,向与第一充电开关所连接的第一蓄电池、以及向与第二充电开关所连接的第二蓄电池进行供电,第二目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该方法还可以包括:监测第一蓄电池的电压情况和第二蓄电池的电压情况;在第一蓄电池的电压情况反映第一蓄电池发生欠压故障,或第二蓄电池的电压情况反映第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开第一充电开关、第二充电开关、第一放电开关以及第二放电开关。
第四方面,本申请实施例提供一种驾驶设备,包括如上述第一方面或第二方面中任一种可能的设计中所述的车辆电源系统。
第五方面,本申请实施例提供一种芯片,包括如上述第一方面或第二方面中任一种可能的设计中所述的车辆电源系统。
第六方面,本申请实施例提供一种第一控制设备,包括:处理器和存储器;该存储器用于存储程序指令,当该第一控制设备运行时,该处理器执行该存储器存储的该程序指令,以使该第一控制设备执行如上述第三方面的过压保护的方法。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案中,由于第一电压等级对应的电压值反映出该主电源发生了二级过压故障,而所描述的二级过压故障可以理解成相应的第一电压等级对应的电压值会损坏掉该车辆电源系统中的所有元器件,包括至少一个电气负载装置中的每个电气负载装置。因此,第一控制装置通过对主电源的输出电压进行监测,并在该输出电压满足上述的第一电压等级时,断开与主电源连接的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,使得该主电源能够停止向至少一个电气负载装置中的每个电气负载装置供电。相较于现有方案中无法切断对电气负载装置的供电,本申请实施例中通过在供电装置中增加相应的供电开关,进而在主电源发生过压故障时,通过断开供电开关,以切断主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的 路径,保障了在主电源发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;继而使行车安全得到保障,降低行车风险。
附图说明
图1是现有技术提供的一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图;
图2是本申请实施例中提供的一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图3是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图4是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图5是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图6是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图7是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图8是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图9是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图10是本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图;
图11是本申请实施例中提供的一种过压保护的方法的示意图;
图12是本申请实施例中提供的另一种过压保护的方法的示意图;
图13是本申请实施例中提供的另一种过压保护的方法的示意图;
图14是本申请实施例提供的第一控制设备的硬件结构示意图;
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种第一控制设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种车辆电源系统和过压保护的方法,保障在主电源发生过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;继而使行车安全得到保障,降低行车风险。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本申请的实施例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
随着ADAS的发展和普及,并且为了满足车辆电源系统的电气安全要求和功能安全的 需求,在车辆电源系统中配备双蓄电池的方案成为了满足ADAS功能需求的必要措施。简而言之,在车辆上配备两块12V电压的蓄电池,进而通过这两块12V的蓄电池和DC/DC为新能源车辆提供低压电源,或者通过这两块12V的蓄电池和发电机为汽车或柴油车提供低压电源。
然而,在相关技术中,当车辆电源系统中的DC/DC发生过压故障时,虽然能够切断对双蓄电池的供电,但是在DC/DC发生严重的过压故障时,却无法切断对电子助力转向系统(electric power steering,EPS)等电气负载装置的供电,从而造成由于电源过压继续损坏电气负载装置,进而带来行车安全风险。例如,图1示出了现有技术提供的一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。从图1可以看出,该车辆电源系统由第一DC/DC11、第二DC/DC12、第一电池21、第二电池22、连接控制装置30、电气负载装置40,以及开关51~54组成。其中,在第一系列电源故障时,连接控制装置30可以通过断开开关51和开关53,并闭合开关52和开关54,进而实现对第一电池21和第二电池22的过压保护;或者,在第二系列电源故障时,连接控制装置30控制开关52和开关54的断开,并闭合开关51和开关53,以实现对第一电池21和第二电池22的过压保护。然而,在上述两种电源故障的情形下,一旦第一DC/DC11或第二DC/DC12所输出的电源电压过压时,由于连接控制装置30控制开关51~54的断开或闭合,仅仅用于实现对第一电池21和第二电池22的过压保护,并没有能够切断对电气负载装置40的供电,进而造成因为电源电压的过压情况,继续损坏该电气负载装置40,带来行车安全风险。
因此,为了能够解决上述的问题,本申请实施例中提供了一种车辆电源系统,应用于驾驶设备中,实现在电源电压出现过压情况时,避免损坏电气负载装置,保证行车安全。上述的驾驶设备可以为智能车、桥车、卡车、摩托车、公共汽车、娱乐车、游乐场车辆、施工车辆、柴油车等,本申请实施例中不做特别的限定。
可以理解的是,由于前述的车辆电源系统可以包括至少两个蓄电池,因此针对每个蓄电池,也可以对应连接着相应的供电装置。而控制主电源通过供电装置为蓄电池进行供电,可以有如下两种情况:
一、由一个控制装置同时控制两个供电装置。
二、由两个控制装置分别控制各个蓄电池所连接的供电装置。
针对上述的第一种情况,也可以分为如下两种情形进行理解:控制装置可以部署在两个供电装置中的任意一个供电装置中;或者,两个供电装置中的任意一个供电装置均不包括该控制装置。需说明,不论是任意一个供电装置包括该控制装置,还是两个供电装置均不包括该控制装置的情况,该控制装置控制两个供电装置的功能均类似。
此外,应当理解,在后续图2-图4中,仅以第一控制装置部署在第一供电装置为例进行说明。在实际应用中,还可以将该第一控制装置部署在第二供电装置中;也可以将该第一控制装置部署在第一供电装置和第二供电装置的外部,例如:部署在主电源等,以节省成本。
以第一控制装置部署在第一供电装置为例,参阅图2,为本申请实施例中提供的一种车辆电源系统的框架示意图。
如图2所示,本申请实施例提供的车辆电源系统可以包括主电源10、第一控制装置20、第一蓄电池31、第二蓄电池32、第一供电装置41以及第二供电装置42、至少一个电气负载装置50。其中,前述的第一供电装置41可以包括第一供电开关411,第二供电装置42可以包括第二供电开关421;其中,上述的主电源10,用于生成输出电压;
第一控制装置20,用于:
监测主电源10生成的输出电压;
在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,以使主电源10停止向至少一个电气负载装置50供电,其中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源10发生二级过压故障。
值得注意的是,上述的第一供电开关411的第一端连接主电源10,第一供电开关411的第二端与第一控制装置20连接;第二供电开关421的第一端连接主电源10,第二供电开关421的第二端与第一控制装置20连接。
在本实施例中,上述的第一电压等级对应的电压值反映出该主电源10发生了二级过压故障。所描述的二级过压故障可以理解成,相应的第一电压等级对应的电压值会损坏掉该车辆电源系统中的所有元器件,比如:至少一个电气负载装置50中的每个电气负载装置等;以及,损坏该车辆电源系统所位于的驾驶设备中的其他元器件,比如:驾驶设备中的引擎、传动装置、全球定位系统、无线通信系统、车载电脑、油门等。此外,上述的电气负载装置可以包括但不限于转向EPS、车身电子稳定系统(electronic stability program,ESP)、整车控制器、ADAS控制器、灯光等电气部件。
为了在该主电源10发生二级过压故障时,能够保障该车辆电源系统中的至少一个电气负载装置50不会遭到损坏,进而避免在行车过程中,不会因电气负载装置的损坏发生危险的现象。因此,第一控制装置20需要实时监测主电源10生成的输出电压,并判断该输出电压是否大于第一预设电压阈值,所描述的第一预设电压阈值与第一电压等级相对应;并在该输出电压大于第一预设电压阈值时,需要断开与主电源10连接的第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,使得该主电源10能够停止向至少一个电气负载装置50中的每个电气负载装置供电,这样就切断了主电源10为每个电气负载装置供电的路径,保障了在主电源10发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源10的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置。
需说明,上述所描述的第一控制装置20可以是ECU,此处不做具体限定说明。另外,所描述的第一蓄电池31、第二蓄电池32也可以是锂电池、铅酸电池等,此处不做限定说明。此外,所描述的主电源10可以是DC/DC转换器等,此处不做限定说明。此外,前述的第一供电开关411、第二供电开关421,以及后续的第一放电开关412、第二放电开关422、第一充电开关413以及第二充电开关423均可以是PMOS管,NMOS管等,此处不做限定。
可选的,在一些示例中,为了在切断主电源10为每个电气负载装置供电的路径的时候,避免每个电气负载装置因没有存储相应的电量,造成无法继续工作的情况发生。图3示出了本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。在结合上述图2所示出的车辆电源系统的基础上,图3所示出的车辆电源系统中的第一供电装置41还包括第一放电开关412, 第二供电装置42还包括第二放电开关422;
第一控制装置20,还用于:
在断开第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421之前,闭合第一放电开关412和第二放电开关422,以使第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32向至少一个电气负载装置50供电。
值得说明的是,上述的第一放电开关412的第一端连接第一供电开关411的第三端,第一放电开关412的第二端连接第一蓄电池31,第一放电开关412的第三端与第一控制装置20连接;第二放电开关422的第一端连接第二供电开关421的第三端,第二放电开关422的第二端连接第二蓄电池32,第二放电开关422的第三端与第一控制装置20连接。
该示例中,由于主电源10在没有发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置能够工作的电压主要来自于该主电源10。因此,一旦主电源10发生二级过压故障,通过断开第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,以切断主电源10为每个电气负载装置供电的路径的时候,为了避免每个电气负载装置因没有存储相应的电量,造成无法继续工作的情况发生。第一控制装置20在断开第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421之前,还需要控制与第一蓄电池31所连接的第一放电开关412的闭合、以及与第二蓄电池32所连接的第二放电开关422的闭合,使得第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的电流能够经过第一放电开关412和第二放电开关422后到达至少一个电气负载装置50,进而为至少一个电气负载装置50中的每个电气负载装置供电。
通过上述方式,第一控制装置20先闭合第一放电开关412和第二放电开关422,然后再断开第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,能够在切断了主电源10为每个电气负载装置供电的路径时,不仅完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;而且还能够在切断过程中,实现为电气负载装置提供电源,由主电源10至第一锂电池和第二锂电池之间的无缝切换,使电气负载装置无障碍工作得到了保障。
可选的,一般情况下,主电源10的输出电压都会从低压逐渐升至高压。如果主电源10的输出电压在满足第二电压等级,并没有满足上述的第一电压等级时,该主电源10的输出电压虽然不会对至少一个电气负载装置50造成损坏,但是也会对第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32造成损坏。因此,上述的第一控制装置20还可以通过控制主电源10停止向第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32供电,以避免损坏蓄电池。具体可以参阅图4,示出了本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。
从图4可以看出,在结合上述图2或图3所描述的车辆电源系统的基础上,前述的第一供电装置41还包括第一充电开关413,第二供电装置42还包括第二充电开关423。
第一控制装置20,还用于:
在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,以实现主电源10向至少一个电气负载装置50供电,并且断开第一充电开关413,以使主电源10停止向第一蓄电池31供电,以及断开第二充电开关423,以使主电源10停止向第二蓄电池32供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源10发生一级过压故障,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值。
其中,上述的第一充电开关413的第一端与第一供电开关411的第三端连接,第一充电开关413的第二端与第一蓄电池31连接,第一充电开关413的第三端与第一控制装置20连接;第二充电开关423的第一端与第二供电开关421的第三端连接,第二充电开关423的第二端与第二蓄电池32连接,第二充电开关423的第三端与第一控制装置20连接。
需说明,上述第一充电开关413的第二端还可以通过与第一放电开关412的第一端连接,以实现与第一蓄电池31的连接;同样地,上述第二充电开关423的第二端还可以通过与第二放电开关422的第一端连接,以实现与第二蓄电池32的连接。具体此处不做限定说明。
此外,上述所描述的第二电压等级对应的电压值能够反映出主电源10发生一级过压故障。所描述的一级过压故障可以理解成,相应的第二电压等级对应的电压值仅仅会对第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32造成损害,如:无法正常工作,短路等。
值得理解的是,上述的第二电压等级对应的电压值小于前述的第一电压等级对应的电压值。也就是说,第二电压等级对应的电压值所反映出的主电源10发生一级过压故障的所造成的器件损坏程度,是低于第一电压等级对应的电压值所反映出的主电源10发生二级过压故障的所造成的器件损坏程度的。
另外,由于输出电压是从低逐渐升高的,因此,该第一控制装置20在持续监控该主电源10的输出电压后,还可以判断该输出电压是否满足上述的第二电压等级;然后,在输出电压满足上述的第二电压等级且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第一供电开关411和第二供电开关421,使得主电源10的输出电压能够为至少一个电气负载装置50供电,保证了每个电气负载装置不因没有电量而停止工作;最后,再断开第一充电开关413,以实现该主电源10停止向第一蓄电池31供电,从而切断主电源10为第一蓄电池31进行供电的路径,避免了第一蓄电池31被过压损坏;同样地,还需要断开第二充电开关423,以实现该主电源10停止向第二蓄电池32供电,从而切断主电源10为第二蓄电池32进行供电的路径,保障了第二蓄电池32不被过压损坏。
需说明,第一控制装置20判断该输出电压是否满足上述的第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级,可以通过判断该输出电压是否大于第二预设电压阈值,而小于上述的第一预设电压阈值。如果该输出电压大于第二预设电压阈值、且小于第一预设电压阈值,则说明该输出电压满足第二电压等级。所描述的第一预设电压阈值为上述的第一电压等级的最小界限值,第二预设电压阈值为第二电压等级的最小界限值。
可选的,一般来说,在存在ASAD的驾驶设备中,如果车辆电源系统中的第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32之间的电压差值越来越大,那么就会影响第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的整体效能发挥,例如:驾驶设备在行驶过程中断电、主电源10无法为蓄电池充满电等等,极大程度上会降低蓄电池的使用寿命。因此,如果第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32之间的电压能够呈现出一个相对平衡的状态,那么对于第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的使用寿命来说,能够得以延长。
因此,在另一些示例中,上述的第一控制装置20还可以用于:
获取第一蓄电池31发送的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池32发送的第二充电电压,第 一充电电压指示第一蓄电池31在第一蓄电池31的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,第二充电电压指示第二蓄电池32在第二蓄电池32的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;
比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值;
基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关413或第二充电开关423;
向主电源10发送第一信号,第一信号用于指示主电源10按照第一充电电压或第二充电电压向第一蓄电池31或第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿。
该示例中,第一蓄电池31可以根据自身的电池状态确定出相应的第一充电电压。所描述的第一充电电压可以反映出第一蓄电池31在当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,即主电源10需要给第一蓄电池31提供多少伏电压,才能有效地为第一蓄电池31充电,并且还不出现前述图4中所描述的一级过压故障。需说明,所描述第一蓄电池31自身的电池状态可以包括但不限于该第一蓄电池31的温度、电量SOC、健康状态(state of health,SOH)、电压值、电压损耗等。
同样地,第二蓄电池32也可以根据自身的电池状态确定出相应的第二充电电压。所描述的第二充电电压可以反映出第二蓄电池32在当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,即主电源10需要给第二蓄电池32提供多少伏电压,才能有效地为第二蓄电池32充电,并且还不出现前述图4中所描述的一级过压故障。需说明,所描述第二蓄电池32自身的电池状态也可以包括但不限于该第二蓄电池32的温度、电量SOC、健康状态、电压值、电压损耗等。
这样,在第一蓄电池31确定出第一充电电压、以及第二蓄电池32确定出第二充电电压后,能够通过通信线等,将第一充电电压和第二充电电压告知第一控制装置20。然后,由第一控制装置20在接收了第一充电电压和第二充电电压之后,通过确定第一充电电压和第二充电电压之间的电压差值,进而根据该电压差值控制第一充电开关413或者第二充电开关423的闭合。然后,在闭合第一充电开关413或者第二充电开关423闭合后,由该第一控制装置20通过第一信号等方式告知主电源10,使得主电源10按照前述的第一充电电压或第二充电电压向第一蓄电池31或者第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿。
通过上述方式,在第一蓄电池31确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第一充电电压),以及第二蓄电池32确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第二充电电压)之后,由第一控制装置基于两者的电压差值,闭合第一充电开关413或第二充电开关423,进而由主电源10按照所请求的第一充电电压或第二充电电压为第一蓄电池31或第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿,逐步实现第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32在不同的电压状态下,能够均衡充电,从而减少第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32之间的电压差,延长第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的使用寿命。
需说明,在另一些实施例中,上述第一控制装置20基于电压差值,闭合第一充电开关413或第二充电开关423的过程,可以通过比较电压差值与预设阈值的大小关系,进而根据比较结果执行不同的控制策略。具体可以从以下两个方面理解:
①、电压差值大于预设阈值的情况。
②、电压差值小于或等于预设阈值的情况。
下面将分别针对上述①、②的情况进行详细的介绍,具体如下:
1)、针对上述①所示的电压差值大于预设阈值的情况。该第一控制装置20,具体用于:
在电压差值大于预设阈值时,闭合第一目标开关,第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,第一目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压;
向主电源10发送第二信号,第二信号用于指示主电源10按照第一目标电压,向与第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池进行供电。
该示例中,上述的预设阈值反映出第一蓄电池31的电压与第二蓄电池32的电压处于一个较为均衡的状态。因此,第一控制装置20在确定出第一充电电压和第二充电电压之间的电压差值后,通过比较该电压差值和预设阈值之间的大小关系。如果该电压差值大于预设阈值,则反映出第一蓄电池31所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池32所需要的第二充电电压相差较大,处于一个较为不均衡的状态。
因此,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的压差,第一控制装置20应当闭合第一目标开关;然后再通过向主电源10发送第二信号的方式,告知主电源10需要按照第一目标电压为与该第一目标开关连接的蓄电池进行充电,以减少两者蓄电池之间的压差,实现电压均衡。可以理解的是,前述的第一目标电压为第一充电电压和第二充电电压中的最小电压。此外,所描述的第一目标开关为该第一目标电压对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关。
例如,在电压差值大于预设阈值时,如果第一充电电压小于第二充电电压,那么第一控制装置20可以闭合与第一蓄电池31连接的第一充电开关413,然后告知主电源10,由主电源10按照第一充电电压为该第一蓄电池31进行供电。同样地,如果第一充电电压大于第二充电电压,那么第一控制装置20可以闭合与第二蓄电池32连接的第二充电开关423,然后告知主电源10,由主电源10按照第二充电电压为该第二蓄电池32进行供电。
2)、针对上述②所示的电压差值小于或等于预设阈值的情况。该第一控制装置20,具体用于:
在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合第一充电开关413和第二充电开关423;
向主电源10发送第三信号,第三信号用于指示主电源10按照第二目标电压,向与第一充电开关413所连接的第一蓄电池31、以及向与第二充电开关423所连接的第二蓄电池32进行供电,第二目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压。
该示例中,与上述①的情况类似,如果该电压差值小于或者等于预设阈值,则说明第一蓄电池31所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池32所需要的第二充电电压相差较小,处于一个基本不均衡的状态。
因此,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的压差,并且保证低压的蓄电池能够充电。第一控制装置20应当在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合第一充电开关413和第二充电开关423;然后再通过向主电源10发送第三信号的方式,告知主电源10需要按照第二目标电压为与该第一供电开关411连接的第一蓄电池31进行充电、以及为与该第二充电开关423连接的第二蓄电池32供电。需说明,上述的第二目标电压为第一充电电 压和第二充电电压中的最大电压。
举例来说,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,如果第一充电电压小于第二充电电压,那么第一控制装置20可以闭合第一充电开关413和第二充电开关423,然后告知主电源10,由主电源10按照第二充电电压为该第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32进行供电。同样地,如果第一充电电压大于第二充电电压,那么第一控制装置20也可以闭合第一充电开关413和第二充电开关423,然后告知主电源10,由主电源10按照第一充电电压为该第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32进行供电。通过上述方式,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,如果主电源10只给高电压的蓄电池供电,低压的蓄电池始终因无法充电,造成蓄电池之间的压差越来越大,因此第一控制装置20应当闭合第一充电开关413和第二充电开关423,使得主电源10能够按照最大电压为第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32供电,减少蓄电池之间的压差,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。
可选的,在另一些示例中,如果蓄电池因为自身短路、过度放电等情况造成的电压低于额定电压时,那么继续使用蓄电池,则很容易发生危险以及影响蓄电池的使用寿命,只能通过隔离蓄电池,并人工检修蓄电池,以避免蓄电池报废。因此,上述的第一控制装置20,还可以用于:
监测第一蓄电池31的电压情况和第二蓄电池32的电压情况;
在第一蓄电池31的电压情况反映第一蓄电池31发生欠压故障,或第二蓄电池32的电压情况反映第二蓄电池32发生欠压故障时,断开第一充电开关413、第二充电开关423、第一放电开关412以及第二放电开关422。
在该示例中,第一控制装置20持续监控该第一蓄电池31的电压情况和第二蓄电池32的电压情况,如果第一蓄电池31的电压低于额定电压,那么就说明该第一蓄电池31发生欠压故障;或者,如果时第二蓄电池32的电压低于额定电压,反映出第二蓄电池32发生欠压故障。这样,在第一蓄电池31发生欠压故障或者第二蓄电池32发生欠压故障的情况下,第一控制装置20应当将第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32隔离,避免蓄电池对外放电,以及接受供电。具体地,第一控制装置20需要断开第一充电开关413、第一放电开关412,以及断开第二充电开关423、第二放电开关422。不仅能够将第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32隔离,而且还能够保证第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32之间的压差不会存在较大的差异。
值得注意的是,上述图2-图4仅以第一控制装置20部署在第一供电装置41为例进行说明。在实际应用中,还可以将该第一控制装置20部署在第二供电装置42中,此处不做限定说明。
另外,也可以将该第一控制装置20部署在第一供电装置41和第二供电装置42的外部,具体可以参阅图5,为本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。此外,需说明的是,图5所示出的车辆电源系统,与前述图2-图4中所示出的车辆电源系统,区别仅在于该第一控制装置20的部署方式不同,即图5所示的第一供电装置41和第二供电装置42均不包括该第一控制装置20,而图2-图4中的任意一个供电装置包括该第 一控制装置20。但是,该第一控制装置20在图5所示的车辆电源系统中的功能,具体可以参照前述图2-图4中所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
上述主要针对第一种情况(即,由一个控制装置同时控制两个供电装置)进行了描述,下面将结合附图描述第二种情况(即,由两个控制装置分别控制各个蓄电池所连接的供电装置)。
以第一供电装置41中包括第一控制装置20,第二供电装置42中包括第二控制装置21为例,图6示出了本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。如图6所示,该车辆电源系统可以包括:
主电源10、第一控制装置20、第一蓄电池31、第二蓄电池32、第一供电装置41、第二供电装置42和至少一个电气负载装置50,第一供电装置41包括第一控制装置20和第一供电开关411,第二供电装置42包括第二控制装置21和第二供电开关421;
主电源10,用于生成输出电压;
第一控制装置20,用于:监测主电源10生成的输出电压,并在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关411,以使主电源10停止向至少一个电气负载装置50供电,其中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源10发生二级过压故障;
第二控制装置21,用于:监测主电源10生成的输出电压,并在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第二供电开关421,以使主电源10停止向至少一个电气负载装置50供电。
需说明,上述的第一供电开关411的第一端连接主电源10,第一供电开关411的第二端与第一控制装置20以及第二控制装置21连接;第二供电开关421的第一端连接主电源10,第二供电开关421的第三端与第一控制装置20以及第二控制装置21连接。
本实施例中,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映出该主电源10发生了二级过压故障(具体参见前述图2的内容理解,此处不做赘述)。
从图6可知,第一控制装置20可以部署在第一供电装置41中,第二控制装置21可以部署在第二供电装置42中。这样,第一控制装置20在监测到主电源10的输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第一供电开关411,使得该主电源10无法继续为至少一个电气负载装置50提供电源;同样地,第二控制装置21也在主电源10的输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开第二供电开关421,使得该主电源10无法继续为至少一个电气负载装置50提供电源。通过上述方式,通过在每个供电装置中部署一个控制装置,使得每个控制装置能够通过控制各个供电装置中相应的供电开关,实现在主电源10在发生二级过压故障时,切断主电源10为至少一个电气负载装置50供电的路径,保障了在主电源10发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源10的持续的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;而且通过分别控制各自的供电装置中的供电开关,控制效率也得以提高。
需说明,在实际应用中,上述的第一控制装置20也可以部署在第二供电装置42中,第二控制装置21也可以步骤在第一供电装置41中,具体本申请实施例不做限定说明。
可选的,在图6所示出的车辆电源系统的基础上,图7示出了本申请实施例中提供的车辆电源系统的另一结构示意图。从图7可知,该第一供电装置41还包括第一放电开关412, 第二供电装置42还包括第二放电开关422。
第一控制装置20,还用于:在断开第一供电开关411之前,闭合第一放电开关412,以实现第一蓄电池31向至少一个电气负载装置50供电;
第二控制装置21,还用于:在断开第二供电开关421之前,闭合第二放电开关422,以实现第二蓄电池32向至少一个电气负载装置50供电。
在该示例中,在主电源10发生二级过压故障情况下,第一控制装置20在断开第一供电开关411,使得该主电源10停止为至少一个电气负载装置50供电之前,还可以先闭合第一放电开关412,使得与该第一放电开关412连接的第一蓄电池31能够为每个电气负载装置供电。同样地,第二控制装置21在断开第二供电开关421,使得该主电源10停止为至少一个电气负载装置50供电之前,还可以先闭合第二放电开关422,使得与该第二放电开关422连接的第二蓄电池32能够为每个电气负载装置供电。
通过上述方式,在主电源10发生二级过压故障时,第一控制装置20先闭合第一放电开关412,再断开第一供电开关411;第二控制装置21也是先闭合第二放电开关422,再断开第二供电开关421。不仅实现了在切断主电源10为每个电气负载装置提供电源的过程中,实现由主电源10转变至第一锂电池和第二锂电池之间的无缝切换,使电气负载装置无障碍工作得到了保障;而且还能够切断主电源10为每个电气负载装置供电的路径,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置。
可选的,在图6或图7所示出的车辆电源系统的基础上,图8示出了本申请实施例中提供的车辆电源系统的另一结构示意图。从图8可知,第一供电装置41还包括第一充电开关413,第二供电装置42还包括第二充电开关423。
第一控制装置20,还用于:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第一供电开关411,以实现主电源10向至少一个电气负载装置50供电,并且断开第一充电开关413,以使主电源10停止向第一蓄电池31供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源10发生一级过压故障,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值;
第二控制装置21,还用于:在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,闭合第二供电开关421,以实现主电源10向至少一个电气负载装置50供电,并且断开第二充电开关423,以使主电源10停止向第二蓄电池32供电。
需说明,第一充电开关413的第一端与第一供电开关411的第三端连接,第一充电开关413的第二端与第一蓄电池31连接,第一充电开关413的第三端与第一控制装置20、第二控制装置21连接;第二充电开关423的第一端与第二供电开关421的第三端连接,第二充电开关423的第二端与第二蓄电池32连接,第二充电开关423的第三端与第一控制装置20、第二控制装置21连接。
此外,上述的第二电压等级对应的电压值反映出主电源10发生一级过压故障,并且该值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值(可参照图4的描述进行理解)。而且,蓄电池在主电源10发生一级过压故障,并且没有发生二级过压故障时,也会遭到破坏。
因此,在通过两个控制装置分别控制供电装置的场景中,为了保护蓄电池,第一控制装置20应当在输出电压满足第二电压等级、且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第一供电开 关411,然后再断开第一充电开关413。其目的主要是为了保证每个电气负载装置,能够得到主电源10通过第一供电开关411提供的电源,使行车安全得到保障的同时,切断该第一蓄电池31接受主电源10通过第一充电开关413提供的电源。以及,第二控制装置21也应当在输出电压满足第二电压等级、且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第二供电开关421,然后再断开第二充电开关423,实现在行车安全得到保障的同时,切断该第二蓄电池32接受主电源10通过第二充电开关423提供的电源,继而保护了第二蓄电池32。
可选的,在另一些示例中,第一控制装置20或第二控制装置21,还用于:
获取第一蓄电池31发送的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池32发送的第二充电电压,第一充电电压指示第一蓄电池31在第一蓄电池31的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,第二充电电压指示第二蓄电池32在第二蓄电池32的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;
比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值;
第一控制装置20,用于根据电压差值闭合第一充电开关413;或,
第二控制装置21,用于根据电压差值闭合第二充电开关423。
在该示例中,通过第一控制装置20或者第二控制装置21比较所获取到的第一充电电压和第二充电电压,得到相应的电压差值后,该第一控制装置20,可以根据该电压差值闭合第一充电开关413;或者,由第二控制装置21基于该电压差值闭合第二充电开关423。其目的是为了能够在闭合第一充电开关413或者第二充电开关423后,由相应的控制装置向主电源10发送信号,通知主电源10需要按照所请求的第一充电电压或第二充电电压,为第一蓄电池31或第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿,逐步实现第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32在不同的电压状态下,能够均衡充电,从而减少第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32之间的电压差,延长第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32的使用寿命。具体可以参照前述第一种情况(即由一个控制装置同时控制两个供电装置)中的实施例所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
需说明,第一控制装置20与第二控制装置21,具体在何种情况下会闭合各自控制的充电开关,可以通过比较电压差值与预设阈值的方式,继而由第一控制装置20与第二控制装置21根据比较结果来控制。
具体地,在电压差值大于预设阈值时,反映出第一蓄电池31所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池32所需要的第二充电电压相差较大,处于一个较为不均衡的状态,此时只需要针对最小电压的蓄电池进行电压的补偿即可。因此,如果在电压差值大于预设阈值时,第一控制装置20在判断出第一充电电压小于第二充电电压时,可以将第一充电开关413闭合;并通过信号等方式告知主电源10,由该主电源10按照第一充电电压向第一蓄电池31进行电压的补偿。同样地,如果在电压差值大于预设阈值时,第二控制装置21在判断出第一充电电压大于第二充电电压时,可以将第二充电开关423闭合;并通过信号等方式告知主电源10,由该主电源10按照第二充电电压向第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿。
此外,如果电压差值小于或等于预设阈值,反映出第一蓄电池31所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池32所需要的第二充电电压相差较小。此时,可以通过最大电压对第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿,以能够减小蓄电池之间的压差,并避免只为其中一 个蓄电池充电时,另外一个蓄电池因未充电,而造成压差越大的情况发生。因此,如果在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,第一控制装置20需要闭合第一充电开关413,第二控制装置21也需要闭合第二充电开关423,并通过信号等方式告知主电源10,由该主电源10按照第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压,向第一蓄电池31和第二蓄电池32进行电压的补偿。
可选的,在另一些示例中,上述的第一控制装置20,还可以用于:监测第一蓄电池31的电压情况;在第一蓄电池31的电压情况反映第一蓄电池31发生欠压故障时,断开第一充电开关413和第一放电开关412,并向第二控制装置21发送第四信号,以指示第二控制装置21断开第二充电开关423和第二放电开关422。
该示例中,所描述的欠压故障可以理解成,蓄电池自身的电压低于额定电压。具体可以参照前述第一种情况(即由一个控制装置同时控制两个供电装置)中的实施例所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
因此,在第一控制装置20和第二控制装置21分别控制两个供电装置的场景中,第一控制装置20还能够对该第一蓄电池31的电压情况进行实时监控;并且在第一蓄电池31的电压情况反映出该第一蓄电池31发生欠压故障时,不仅要断开第一充电开关413和第一放电开关412,实现既不接受主电源10提供的电源,也不对外放电,隔离该第一蓄电池31;而且还需要通知第二控制装置21断开第二充电开关423和第二放电开关422,其目的在于避免第二蓄电池32继续接受主电源10提供的电源、以及对外放电,从而杜绝被隔离的第一蓄电池31与第二蓄电池32之间的压差增大的情况发生。
可选的,在另一些示例中,上述的第二控制装置21,还可以用于:监测第二蓄电池32的电压情况;在第二蓄电池32的电压情况反映第二蓄电池32发生欠压故障时,断开第二充电开关423和第二放电开关422,并向第一控制装置20发送第五信号,以指示第一控制装置20断开第一充电开关413和第一放电开关412。
可以理解的是,如果第二蓄电池32的电压情况反映出第二蓄电池32发生欠压故障,那么第二控制装置21也需要将该第二蓄电池32进行隔离。具体隔离的方式可以参照上述第一控制装置20隔离第一蓄电池31的方式进行理解,此处不做赘述。
可选的,在另一些示例中,如果第一控制装置20出现故障,以致于无法正常工作时,那么也可以由第二控制装置21接替该第一控制装置20,执行该第一控制装置20所执行的功能。同样地,如果第二控制装置21因出现故障,无法正常工作时,那么也可以由第一控制装置20代替执行该第二控制装置21所执行的功能。由此,第一控制装置20与第二控制装置21互为备份,以便于在其中一个控制装置无法工作的情况下,也能够执行相应的功能,保证行车过程中的安全,提高整体的安全性。为此,可以参阅图9,为本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。在上述该8以及可选的实施例的基础上,从图9可知,第二供电开关421的第二端还与第一控制装置20连接,第二放电开关422的第三端还与第一控制装置20连接,第二充电开关423的第三端还与第一控制装置20连接。
此外,第二控制装置21还用于:监测第二控制装置21的运行状态;
第一控制装置20,还用于:在第二控制的运行状态反映出第二控制装置21发生运行故障时,控制第二供电开关421、第二充电开关423或第二放电开关422。
在该示例中,由于第一控制装置20除了连接第一供电开关411、第一充电开关413以及第一放电开关412以外,还与第二供电开关421、第二充电开关423以及第二放电开关422连接。这样,如果第二控制装置21在监测出自己的运行状态后,判断出自己已经发生运行故障,那么可以通过通信线等向第一控制装置20发出信号,告知该第一控制装置20需要充当备份控制装置的角色,控制第二供电开关421、第二充电开关423或者第二放电开关422。由此看出,在第二控制装置因故障无法正常工作的情况下,依旧可以通过备份的第一控制装置控制第二供电开关421、第二充电开关423或者第二放电开关422,进而实现在主电源发生过压故障时,依旧能够保障车辆的行车安全,第二蓄电池不被过压损坏等。
需说明,在第二控制装置21出现故障,由该第一控制装置20接替该第二控制装置21工作时,具体也可以看做成只由第一控制装置20,控制第一供电开关411、第一充电开关413、第一放电开关412、第二供电开关421、第二充电开关423或者第二放电开关422。具体只由第一控制装置20控制的情况,可以参照上述第一种情况(即由一个控制装置同时控制两个供电装置)所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述说明。
可选的,在另一些示例中,如果是第一控制装置20出现故障,那么也可以由第二控制装置21接替该第一控制装置20的工作。具体可以参阅图10,为本申请实施例中提供的另一种车辆电源系统的结构示意图。从图10可知第一供电开关411的第二端还与第二控制装置21连接,第一放电开关412的第三端还与第二控制装置21连接,第一充电开关413的第三端还与第二控制装置21连接。
此外,第一控制装置20,还用于:监测第一控制装置20的运行状态;
第二控制装置21,还用于:在第一控制的运行状态反映出第一控制装置20发生运行故障时,控制第一供电开关411、第一充电开关413或第一放电开关412。
可以理解的是,在第一控制装置20出现故障,由第二控制装置21接替该第一控制装置20的工作,具体也可以参照前述图9中所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述说明。
上述主要从功能模块的角度对本申请实施例提供的车辆电源系统进行了详细的描述,基于前述图2-图5中提供的车辆电源系统。请参阅图11,为本申请实施例中提供的一种过压保护的方法的示意图,该过流保护的方法可以应用于图2-图5中所描述的车辆电源系统,如图11所示,该方法可以包括:
1101、监测车辆电源系统中主电源生成的输出电压。
1102、判断输出电压是否满足第二电压等级,其中,第二电压等级对应的电压值反映主电源发生一级过压故障。
该示例中,该示例中,上述所描述的第二电压等级对应的电压值能够反映出主电源发 生一级过压故障。所描述的一级过压故障可以理解成,相应的第二电压等级对应的电压值仅仅会对第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池造成损害,如:无法正常工作,短路等。具体可以参照前述图4所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
因此,在持续监测输出电压后,需要判断该输出电压是否满足第二电压等级,以用于判断该输出电压是否会损坏第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池。具体地,可以通过判断该输出电压是否大于第二预设电压阈值,而小于上述的第一预设电压阈值(即,理解成与第一电压等级对应的电压值)。如果该输出电压大于第二预设电压阈值、且小于第一预设电压阈值,则可以执行后续步骤1103。所描述的第一预设电压阈值为上述的第一电压等级的最小界限值,第二预设电压阈值为第二电压等级的最小界限值。具体可以参照前述图4所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
需说明,如果判断出该输出电压小于或等于第二预设电压阈值,则可以继续执行前述的步骤1101,此处不做说明。
1103、在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,控制第一供电开关和第二供电开关的闭合,以使主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且控制第一充电开关和第二充电开关的断开,以使主电源停止向第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电,第二电压等级对应的电压值小于第一电压等级对应的电压值,第一电压等级对应的电压值反映车辆电源系统发生二级过压故障。
该示例中,在输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足第一电压等级时,控制第一供电开关和第二供电开关的闭合,能够使得该主电源向至少一个电气负载装置供电,保证行车安全。并且通过控制第一充电开关和第二充电开关的断开,使得该主电源停止向第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电,继而在保障行车安全的同时,避免继续对蓄电池供电,保护蓄电池不会因电压越来越大被损坏,影响使用寿命。
具体地,可以通过判断该输出电压是否大于第二预设电压阈值,而小于上述的第一预设电压阈值(即,理解成与第一电压等级对应的电压值)。如果该输出电压大于第二预设电压阈值、且小于第一预设电压阈值,则说明该输出电压满足第二电压等级,并且还未达到第一电压等级。所描述的第一预设电压阈值为上述的第一电压等级的最小界限值,第二预设电压阈值为第二电压等级的最小界限值。具体可以参照前述图4所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
1104、控制第一放电开关和第二放电开关的闭合,以使第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
该示例中,此时由于主电源只发生了一级过压故障,而没有发生二级过压故障。然而,在后续主电源发生二级过压故障时,为了保障行车安全,那么就需要断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以停止主电源为至少一个电气负载装置进行供电。由此看出,如果断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关,那么至少一个电气负载装置则无法继续接受到主电源提供的电源,继而无法正常工作。那么,在这种情况下,就需要控制第一放电开关和第二放电开关的闭合,使第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池为每个电气负载装置供电,保证每个电气负载装置在两个蓄电池提供的电压下,继续正常工作。实现了供电电源从主电源到蓄电池之间 的无缝切换,保障行车安全。
1105、在闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关之后,判断输出电压是否满足第一电压等级。
该示例中,由于输出电压从低压持续升高至高压。因此,在闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关,实现无缝切换供电电源为每个电气负载装置提供电压之后,还可以进一步地判断输出电压是否满足第一电压等级。所描述的第一电压等级对应的电压值反映出该主电源发生二级过压故障,而该二级过压故障能够会损坏掉该车辆电源系统中的所有元器件,包括损坏每个电气负载装置,影响行车安全。具体可以参照前述图2中所描述的内容进行理解,此处不做赘述。
需说明,可以通过将输出电压与第一预设电压阈值(即,理解成与第一电压等级对应的电压值)作比较。如果输出电压大于该第一预设电压阈值时,则可以执行后续步骤1106。
此外,如果输出电压小于或等于该第一预设电压阈值时,则可以继续执行前续步骤1101,此处不做说明。
1106、在输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开车辆电源系统中的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以使主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
具体地,在将输出电压与第一预设电压阈值作比较后,如果输出电压大于该第一预设电压阈值时,那么就说明该输出电压满足第一电压等级。此时,通过控制第一供电开关和第二供电开关的断开,便可以停止主电源向至少一个电气负载装置继续提供电源了。通过上述方式,能够保障该车辆电源系统中的至少一个电气负载装置不会遭到损坏,进而避免在行车过程中,因电气负载装置的损坏发生危险的情况。
在上述图11所描述的示例的基础上,参阅图12,为本申请实施例中提供的一种过压保护的方法的示意图。具体步骤如下:
1201、确定第一蓄电池所需要的第一充电电压,以及第二蓄电池所需要的第二充电电压。
该示例中,所描述的第一充电电压可以反映出第一蓄电池在当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,即主电源需要给第一蓄电池提供多少伏电压,才能有效地为第一蓄电池充电,并且还不出现前述所描述的一级过压故障。需说明,所描述第一蓄电池自身的电池状态可以包括但不限于该第一蓄电池的温度、电量SOC、健康状态(state of health,SOH)、电压值、电压损耗等。此外,第二蓄电池也可以根据自身的电池状态确定出相应的第二充电电压。所描述的第二充电电压可以反映出第二蓄电池在当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,即主电源需要给第二蓄电池提供多少伏电压,才能有效地为第二蓄电池充电,并且还不出现前述所描述的一级过压故障。需说明,所描述第二蓄电池自身的电池状态也可以包括但不限于该第二蓄电池32的温度、电量SOC、健康状态、电压值、电压损耗等。
1202、比较第一充电电压与第二充电电压,得到电压差值。
1203、判断电压差值是否大于预设阈值。
该示例中,在通过将第一充电电压和第二充电电压作差,得到相应的电压差值。然后,判断该电压差值与预设阈值之间的大小。如果判断出电压差值大于预设阈值,则执行后续的步骤1204-1206;反之,如果判断出电压差值小于或等于预设阈值,则执行后续的步骤1207-1209。
1204、在电压差值大于预设阈值时,控制第一目标开关的闭合,第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,第一目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压。
1205、输出第二信号,第二信号用于指示主电源按照第一目标电压,向与第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。
1206、控制主电源按照第一目标电压,向与第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。
该示例中,如果该电压差值大于预设阈值,则反映出第一蓄电池所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池所需要的第二充电电压相差较大,处于一个较为不均衡的状态。因此,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的压差,第一控制装置应当确定出第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压,然后将与该最小电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关闭合,继而接通主电源至最小电压所对应的蓄电池之间的供电线路。这样,便可以控制主电源按照第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最小电压所对应的蓄电池供电,逐渐给最小电压所对应的蓄电池增加电压,以减少两者蓄电池之间的压差,实现电压均衡,使蓄电池的使用寿命得以延长。
1207、在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,控制第一充电开关和第二充电开关的闭合。
1208、输出第三信号,第三信号用于指示主电源按照第二目标电压,向与第一充电开关所连接的第一蓄电池、以及向与第二充电开关所连接的第二蓄电池进行供电,第二目标电压为第一充电电压与第二充电电压中的最大电压。
1209、按照第二目标电压,向第一蓄电池以及第二蓄电池进行供电。
同样地,如果该电压差值小于或者等于预设阈值,则说明第一蓄电池所需要的第一充电电压和第二蓄电池所需要的第二充电电压相差较小,处于一个基本不均衡的状态。因此,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的压差,并且保证低压的蓄电池能够充电,应当闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关,继而接通主电源至第一蓄电池、以及第二蓄电池之间的供电线路。然后,再控制主电源按照第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池中的最大电压,向第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电。通过上述方式,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,如果主电源只给高电压的蓄电池供电,低压的蓄电池始终因无法充电,造成蓄电池之间的压差越来越大,因此第一控制装置应当闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关,使得主电源能够按照最大电压为第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电,减少蓄电池之间的压差,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。
可以理解的是,本实施例中基于电压差值实现过压保护的方法具体可以参照前述图2-图5中的可选示例所描述的车辆电源系统的部分内容进行理解,此处将不做赘述说明。
另外,针对在主电源发生过压故障的情况下,如果蓄电池发生欠压故障的情况,则可 以参照图13示出的过压保护的方法的示意图进行理解。具体如下:
1301、监测第一蓄电池的电压情况和第二蓄电池的电压情况。
1302、在第一蓄电池的电压情况反映第一蓄电池发生欠压故障,或第二蓄电池的电压情况反映第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,控制第一充电开关、第二充电开关、第一放电开关以及第二放电开关的断开。
该示例中,如果蓄电池因为自身短路、过度放电等情况造成的电压低于额定电压时,那么继续使用蓄电池,则很容易发生危险以及影响蓄电池的使用寿命,只能通过隔离蓄电池,并人工检修蓄电池,以避免蓄电池报废。因此,应当持续监控该第一蓄电池的电压情况和第二蓄电池的电压情况,如果第一蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,那么就说明该第一蓄电池发生欠压故障;或者,如果时第二蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,反映出第二蓄电池发生欠压故障。这样,在第一蓄电池发生欠压故障或者第二蓄电池发生欠压故障的情况下,应当将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,避免蓄电池对外放电,以及接受供电。具体地,隔离的方式可以通过断开第一充电开关、第一放电开关,以及断开第二充电开关、第二放电开关。不仅能够将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,而且还能够保证第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池之间的压差不会存在较大的差异。
综上,图11-图13所描述的过压保护的方法,主要应用于前述图2-图5中提供的车辆电源系统(即该车辆电源系统中仅包括一个控制装置)。而针对前述图6-图10中所描述的车辆电源系统所适用的过压保护的方法,具体也可以参照前述图11-图13中所描述的方法、以及前述述图6-图10中所描述的车辆电源系统的内容进行理解成,此处不做赘述说明。
上述主要从硬件以及方法的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是,上述图2-图5中的第一控制装置、以及图6-图10中的第一控制装置和第二控制装置的功能也可以基于计算机软件的形式来实现,专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。此外,由于第一控制装置的功能,与第二控制装置的功能类似,后续仅以第一控制装置作为例子介绍。
从实体装置角度来描述,上述第一控制装置可以由一个实体装置实现,也可以由多个实体装置共同实现,还可以是一个实体装置内的一个逻辑功能单元,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
例如,上述第一控制装置可以由图14中的第一控制设备来实现。图14所示为本申请实施例提供的第一控制设备的硬件结构示意图。该第一控制设备包括至少一个处理器1401、存储器1402。
处理器1401可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU),微处理器,特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit,服务器IC),或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
存储器1402可以是只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备,随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)或者可存储 信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备,也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erable programmable read-only memory,EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory,CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质,但不限于此。存储器1402可以是独立存在,存储器1402也可以和处理器1401集成在一起。
其中,存储器1402用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令,并由处理器1401来控制执行。处理器1401用于执行存储器1402中存储的计算机执行指令,从而实现本申请上述方法实施例提供的过压保护的方法。
一种可能的实现方式,本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码,本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,处理器1401可以包括一个或多个CPU,例如图14中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,第一控制设备可以包括多个处理器,例如图14中的处理器1401和处理器1403。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器,也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机执行指令)的处理核。
从功能单元的角度,本申请可以根据上述方法实施例对第一控制设备进行功能单元的划分,例如,可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元,也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个功能单元中。上述集成的功能单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
比如,以采用集成的方式划分各个功能单元的情况下,图15示出了一种第一控制设备的结构示意图。如图15所示,本申请第一控制设备的一个实施例可以包括监测单元1501和处理单元1502;
监测单元1501,用于监测所述主电源生成的所述输出电压;
处理单元1502,用于在所述输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,其中,所述第一电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生二级过压故障。
需说明,为了在该主电源发生二级过压故障时,能够保障该车辆电源系统中的至少一个电气负载装置不会遭到损坏,进而避免在行车过程中,不会因电气负载装置的损坏发生危险的现象。通过上述方式,监测单元1501需要实时监测主电源生成的输出电压;并由处理单元1502判断该输出电压是否大于第一预设电压阈值,所描述的第一预设电压阈值与第一电压等级相对应;并且由处理单元1502在该输出电压大于第一预设电压阈值时,需要断开与主电源连接的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,使得该主电源能够停止向至少一个电气负载装置中的每个电气负载装置供电,这样就切断了主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的路径,保障了在主电源发生二级过压故障时,每个电气负载装置不会再接受到主电源的持续 的过压的供电,完好地保护了每个电气负载装置。
在一些示例中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:在断开所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关之前,闭合所述第一放电开关和所述第二放电开关,以使所述第一蓄电池和所述第二蓄电池向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电。
通过上述方式,处理单元1502先闭合第一放电开关和第二放电开关,然后再断开第一供电开关和第二供电开关,能够在切断了主电源为每个电气负载装置供电的路径时,不仅完好地保护了每个电气负载装置;而且还能够在切断过程中,实现为电气负载装置提供电源,由主电源至第一锂电池和第二锂电池之间的无缝切换,使电气负载装置无障碍工作得到了保障。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:
在所述输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足所述第一电压等级时,闭合所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关,以实现所述主电源向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开所述第一充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第一蓄电池供电,以及断开所述第二充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第二蓄电池供电,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生一级过压故障,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值小于所述第一电压等级对应的电压值。
通过上述方式,处理单元1502在持续监控该主电源的输出电压后,还可以判断该输出电压是否满足上述的第二电压等级;然后,在输出电压满足上述的第二电压等级且未满足第一电压等级时,先闭合第一供电开关和第二供电开关,使得主电源的输出电压能够为至少一个电气负载装置供电,保证了每个电气负载装置不因没有电量而停止工作;最后,再断开第一充电开关,以实现该主电源停止向第一蓄电池供电,从而切断主电源为第一蓄电池进行供电的路径,避免了第一蓄电池被过压损坏;同样地,还需要断开第二充电开关,以实现该主电源停止向第二蓄电池供电,从而切断主电源为第二蓄电池进行供电的路径,保障了第二蓄电池不被过压损坏。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:
获取所述第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及所述第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,所述第一充电电压指示所述第一蓄电池在所述第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,所述第二充电电压指示所述第二蓄电池在所述第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;
比较所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压,得到电压差值;基于所述电压差值,闭合所述第一充电开关或第二充电开关;
向所述主电源发送第一信号,所述第一信号用于指示所述主电源按照所述第一充电电压或所述第二充电电压向所述第一蓄电池或所述第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。
通过上述方式,在第一蓄电池确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第一充电电压),以及第二蓄电池确定出自身需要的有效电压值(即前文的第二充电电压)之后,由处理单元1502基于两者的电压差值,闭合第一充电开关或第二充电开关,进而由主电源按照所请求的第一充电电压或第二充电电压为第一蓄电池或第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,逐步实现 第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池在不同的电压状态下,能够均衡充电,从而减少第一蓄电池与第二蓄电池之间的电压差,延长第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的使用寿命。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:
在所述电压差值大于预设阈值时,闭合第一目标开关,所述第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,所述第一目标电压为所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压中的最小电压;
向所述主电源发送第二信号,所述第二信号用于指示所述主电源按照所述第一目标电压,向与所述第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。
通过上述方式,为了能够缩小第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池的压差,处理单元1502应当在确定出第一充电电压和第二充电电压中的最小电压,然后闭合与该最小电压对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关。继而通过向主电源发送第二信号的方式,告知主电源需要按照最小电压为与相应的蓄电池进行充电,以减少两者蓄电池之间的压差,实现电压均衡。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:
在所述电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合所述第一充电开关和所述第二充电开关;
向所述主电源发送第三信号,所述第三信号用于指示所述主电源按照第二目标电压,向与所述第一充电开关所连接的第一蓄电池、以及向与所述第二充电开关所连接的第二蓄电池进行供电,所述第二目标电压为所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压中的最大电压。
通过上述方式,在电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,如果主电源只给高电压的蓄电池供电,低压的蓄电池始终因无法充电,造成蓄电池之间的压差越来越大,因此处理单元1502应当闭合第一充电开关和第二充电开关,使得主电源能够按照最大电压为第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池供电,减少蓄电池之间的压差,延长蓄电池的使用寿命。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,该处理单元1502还可以用于:
监测所述第一蓄电池的电压情况和所述第二蓄电池的电压情况;
在所述第一蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第一蓄电池发生欠压故障,或所述第二蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开所述第一充电开关、所述第二充电开关、所述第一放电开关以及所述第二放电开关。
通过上述方式,处理单元1502持续监控该第一蓄电池的电压情况和第二蓄电池的电压情况,如果第一蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,那么就说明该第一蓄电池发生欠压故障;或者,如果时第二蓄电池的电压低于额定电压,反映出第二蓄电池发生欠压故障。这样,在第一蓄电池发生欠压故障或者第二蓄电池发生欠压故障的情况下,第一控制装置应当将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,避免蓄电池对外放电,以及接受供电。具体地,第一控制装置需要断开第一充电开关、第一放电开关,以及断开第二充电开关、第二放电开关。不仅能够将第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池隔离,而且还能够保证第一蓄电池和第二蓄电池之间的压差不会存在较大的差异。
本申请实施例中,第一控制设备以采用集成的方式划分各个功能单元的形式来呈现。这里的“功能单元”可以指特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit,ASIC),执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器和存储器,集成逻辑电路,和 /或其他可以提供上述功能的器件。在一个简单的实施例中,本领域的技术人员可以想到第一控制设备可以采用图14所示的形式。
比如,图14的处理器1401可以通过调用存储器1402中存储的计算机执行指令,使得第一控制设备执行图11-图13中任意一个方法实施例中的方法。
具体的,图15中的监测单元1501、处理单元1502的功能/实现过程可以通过图14中的处理器1401调动存储器1402中存储的计算机执行指令来实现。
以上实施例仅用于说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种车辆电源系统,其特征在于,包括:
    主电源、第一控制装置、第一蓄电池、第二蓄电池、第一供电装置、第二供电装置和至少一个电气负载装置,所述第一供电装置包括第一供电开关,所述第二供电装置包括第二供电开关;
    所述第一供电开关的第一端连接所述主电源,所述第一供电开关的第二端与所述第一控制装置连接;所述第二供电开关的第一端连接所述主电源,所述第二供电开关的第二端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述主电源,用于生成输出电压;
    所述第一控制装置,用于:
    监测所述主电源生成的所述输出电压;
    在所述输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,其中,所述第一电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生二级过压故障。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电装置还包括第一放电开关,所述第二供电装置还包括第二放电开关;
    所述第一放电开关的第一端连接所述第一供电开关的第三端,所述第一放电开关的第二端连接所述第一蓄电池,所述第一放电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;所述第二放电开关的第一端连接所述第二供电开关的第三端,所述第二放电开关的第二端连接所述第二蓄电池,所述第二放电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:
    在断开所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关之前,闭合所述第一放电开关和所述第二放电开关,以使所述第一蓄电池和所述第二蓄电池向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电装置还包括第一充电开关,所述第二供电装置还包括第二充电开关;
    所述第一充电开关的第一端与所述第一供电开关的第三端连接,所述第一充电开关的第二端与所述第一蓄电池连接,所述第一充电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第二充电开关的第一端与所述第二供电开关的第三端连接,所述第二充电开关的第二端与所述第二蓄电池连接,所述第二充电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:
    在所述输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足所述第一电压等级时,闭合所述第一供电开关和所述第二供电开关,以实现所述主电源向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开所述第一充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第一蓄电池供电,以及断开所述第二充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第二蓄电池供电,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生一级过压故障,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值小于所述第一电压等 级对应的电压值。
  4. 根据权利要求3中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置,还用于:
    获取所述第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及所述第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,所述第一充电电压指示所述第一蓄电池在所述第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,所述第二充电电压指示所述第二蓄电池在所述第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;
    比较所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压,得到电压差值;
    基于所述电压差值,闭合所述第一充电开关或第二充电开关;
    向所述主电源发送第一信号,所述第一信号用于指示所述主电源按照所述第一充电电压或所述第二充电电压向所述第一蓄电池或所述第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置,用于:
    在所述电压差值大于预设阈值时,闭合第一目标开关,所述第一目标开关为第一目标电压所对应的蓄电池所连接的充电开关,所述第一目标电压为所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压中的最小电压;
    向所述主电源发送第二信号,所述第二信号用于指示所述主电源按照所述第一目标电压,向与所述第一目标开关所连接的蓄电池供电。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置,用于:
    在所述电压差值小于或等于预设阈值时,闭合所述第一充电开关和所述第二充电开关;
    向所述主电源发送第三信号,所述第三信号用于指示所述主电源按照第二目标电压,向与所述第一充电开关所连接的第一蓄电池、以及向与所述第二充电开关所连接的第二蓄电池进行供电,所述第二目标电压为所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压中的最大电压。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置,还用于:
    监测所述第一蓄电池的电压情况和所述第二蓄电池的电压情况;
    在所述第一蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第一蓄电池发生欠压故障,或所述第二蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开所述第一充电开关、所述第二充电开关、所述第一放电开关以及所述第二放电开关。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电装置和所述第二供电装置中的任意一个供电装置包括所述第一控制装置,或,所述第一供电装置和所述第二供电装置均不包括所述第一控制装置。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置包 括电子控制单元ECU。
  10. 一种车辆电源系统,其特征在于,包括:
    主电源、第一控制装置、第一蓄电池、第二蓄电池、第一供电装置、第二供电装置和至少一个电气负载装置,所述第一供电装置包括所述第一控制装置和第一供电开关,所述第二供电装置包括所述第二控制装置和第二供电开关;
    所述第一供电开关的第一端连接所述主电源,所述第一供电开关的第二端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第二供电开关的第一端连接所述主电源,所述第二供电开关的第二端与所述第二控制装置连接;
    所述主电源,用于生成输出电压;
    所述第一控制装置,用于:监测所述主电源生成的所述输出电压,并在所述输出电压满足第一电压等级时,断开所述第一供电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,其中,所述第一电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生二级过压故障;
    所述第二控制装置,用于:监测所述主电源生成的所述输出电压,并在所述输出电压满足所述第一电压等级时,断开所述第二供电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电装置还包括第一放电开关,所述第二供电装置还包括第二放电开关;
    所述第一放电开关的第一端连接所述第一供电开关的第三端,所述第一放电开关的第二端连接所述第一蓄电池,所述第一放电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;所述第二放电开关的第一端连接所述第二供电开关的第三端,所述第二放电开关的第二端连接所述第二蓄电池,所述第二放电开关的第三端与所所述第二控制装置连接;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:在断开所述第一供电开关之前,闭合所述第一放电开关,以实现所述第一蓄电池向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电;
    所述第二控制装置,还用于:在断开所述第二供电开关之前,闭合所述第二放电开关,以实现所述第二蓄电池向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电装置还包括第一充电开关,所述第二供电装置还包括第二充电开关;
    所述第一充电开关的第一端与所述第一供电开关的第三端连接,所述第一充电开关的第二端与所述第一蓄电池连接,所述第一充电开关的第三端与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第二充电开关的第一端与所述第二供电开关的第三端连接,所述第二充电开关的第二端与所述第二蓄电池连接,所述第二充电开关的第三端与所述第二控制装置连接;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:在所述输出电压满足第二电压等级,且未满足所述第一电压等级时,闭合所述第一供电开关,以实现所述主电源向所述至少一个电气负载装置供 电,并且断开所述第一充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第一蓄电池供电,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值反映所述主电源发生一级过压故障,所述第二电压等级对应的电压值小于所述第一电压等级对应的电压值;
    所述第二控制装置,还用于:在所述输出电压满足所述第二电压等级,且未满足所述第一电压等级时,闭合所述第二供电开关,以实现所述主电源向所述至少一个电气负载装置供电,并且断开所述第二充电开关,以使所述主电源停止向所述第二蓄电池供电。
  13. 根据权利要求12中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,
    所述第一控制装置或所述第二控制装置,还用于:
    获取所述第一蓄电池发送的第一充电电压,以及所述第二蓄电池发送的第二充电电压,所述第一充电电压指示所述第一蓄电池在所述第一蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值,所述第二充电电压指示所述第二蓄电池在所述第二蓄电池的当前电池状态下需要的有效电压值;
    比较所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压,得到电压差值;
    所述第一控制装置,用于根据所述电压差值闭合所述第一充电开关;或,
    所述第二控制装置,用于根据所述电压差值闭合所述第二充电开关。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,在所述电压差值大于预设阈值时,
    所述第一控制装置,用于:在所述第一充电电压小于所述第二充电电压时,闭合所述第一充电开关,以实现所述主电源按照所述第一充电电压向所述第一蓄电池进行电压的补偿;或,
    所述第二控制装置,用于:在所述第一充电电压大于所述第一充电电压时,闭合所述第二充电开关,以实现所述主电源按照所述第二充电电压向所述第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,在所述电压差值小于或等于所述预设阈值时,所述第一控制装置用于闭合所述第一充电开关、以及所述第二控制装置用于闭合所述第二充电开关,以实现所述主电源按照第二目标电压,向所述第一蓄电池和所述第二蓄电池进行电压的补偿,所述第二目标电压为所述第一充电电压与所述第二充电电压中的最大电压。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置,还用于:
    监测所述第一蓄电池的电压情况;
    在所述第一蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第一蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开所述第一充电开关和所述第一放电开关,并向所述第二控制装置发送第四信号,以指示所述第二控制 装置断开所述第二充电开关和所述第二放电开关。
  17. 根据权利要求12-15中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第二控制装置,还用于:
    监测所述第二蓄电池的电压情况;
    在所述第二蓄电池的电压情况反映所述第二蓄电池发生欠压故障时,断开所述第二充电开关和所述第二放电开关,并向所述第一控制装置发送第五信号,以指示所述第一控制装置断开所述第一充电开关和所述第一放电开关。
  18. 根据权利要求12-17中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第二供电开关的第二端还与所述第一控制装置连接,所述第二放电开关的第三端还与所述第一控制装置连接,第二充电开关的第三端还与所述第一控制装置连接;
    所述第二控制装置,还用于:监测所述第二控制装置的运行状态;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:在所述第二控制的运行状态反映出所述第二控制装置发生运行故障时,控制所述第二供电开关、所述第二充电开关或所述第二放电开关。
  19. 根据权利要求12-17中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一供电开关的第二端还与所述第二控制装置连接,所述第一放电开关的第三端还与所述第二控制装置连接,第一充电开关的第三端还与所述第二控制装置连接;
    所述第一控制装置,还用于:监测所述第一控制装置的运行状态;
    所述第二控制装置,还用于:在所述第一控制的运行状态反映出所述第一控制装置发生运行故障时,控制所述第一供电开关、所述第一充电开关或所述第一放电开关。
  20. 根据权利要求10-19中任一项所述的车辆电源系统,其特征在于,所述第一控制装置包括第一电子控制单元ECU,以及所述第二控制装置包括第二ECU。
  21. 一种过压保护的方法,其特征在于,应用于车辆电源系统,所述方法包括:
    监测所述车辆电源系统中主电源生成的输出电压;
    判断所述输出电压是否满足第一电压等级,其中,所述第一电压等级对应的电压值反映所述车辆电源系统发生二级过压故障;
    在所述输出电压满足所述第一电压等级时,断开所述车辆电源系统中的第一供电开关和第二供电开关,以使所述主电源停止向至少一个电气负载装置供电。
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