WO2022160581A1 - 电池模组和交通工具 - Google Patents

电池模组和交通工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022160581A1
WO2022160581A1 PCT/CN2021/102492 CN2021102492W WO2022160581A1 WO 2022160581 A1 WO2022160581 A1 WO 2022160581A1 CN 2021102492 W CN2021102492 W CN 2021102492W WO 2022160581 A1 WO2022160581 A1 WO 2022160581A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
air duct
plate
battery module
air outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/102492
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒙浩
周岿
马瑞盛
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to CN202180091799.8A priority Critical patent/CN116762210A/zh
Priority to EP21922179.3A priority patent/EP4274005A1/en
Publication of WO2022160581A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022160581A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery module and a vehicle equipped with the battery module.
  • battery modules Due to the flexibility, reliability, high energy density and other characteristics of its application, battery modules have developed rapidly on both the power generation side and the power consumption side, and the installed capacity has also increased significantly. Especially in the field of electric vehicles, there is a strong demand for chemical batteries represented by lithium-ion batteries, which has brought about the rapid development of battery modules.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery module capable of maintaining the temperature difference between battery cells and a vehicle equipped with the battery module in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • This application specifically includes the following technical solutions:
  • a battery module includes a box body, a first battery core layer, a second battery core layer, a middle partition plate and an air supply unit; the first battery core layer, the middle battery core layer and the second battery core layer are stacked and fixed in the box , and the middle partition plate is located between the first battery core layer and the second battery core layer; the middle partition plate includes a first side edge and a second side edge, and both the first side edge and the second side edge extend along the first direction; The main air duct, the first air duct and the second air duct are also arranged in the middle partition.
  • the main air duct runs through the middle partition along the first direction, the first air duct is connected to the main air duct, and the other end extends To the first side, the second air duct is connected to the main air duct, and the other end extends to the second side;
  • the box body is provided with a first ventilation hole and a second ventilation hole.
  • the first ventilation hole and the second ventilation hole are respectively located on both sides of the middle partition plate and are arranged side by side in the first direction.
  • the air supply unit is fixedly and fixedly connected to the box body.
  • the air in the middle partition plate is discharged to the outside of the box body through the first ventilation hole.
  • the first cell layer and the second cell layer are accommodated and fixed by the box, and a middle separator is fixed between the first cell layer and the second cell layer.
  • a middle separator is fixed between the first cell layer and the second cell layer.
  • the first ventilation hole and the second ventilation hole are respectively provided on the box body, and the first ventilation hole and the second ventilation hole are arranged on both sides of the middle partition plate along the first direction, so that the main air duct of the middle partition plate is formed.
  • the first air duct and the second air duct can take in air from different directions respectively, and the air in the middle partition plate is discharged from the first ventilation hole through the air supply unit.
  • the middle separator in the battery module of the present application air-cools the first cell layer and the second cell layer, air can be taken in from three different directions, wherein the first air duct and the second air duct
  • the gas in the secondary air duct can supplement the gas in the main air duct, thereby avoiding the bad phenomenon that the heat dissipation effect is gradually reduced due to the gradual increase of the temperature during the process of airflow along a single path.
  • the cooling gas also forms heat dissipation and cooling for the areas corresponding to the first air duct and the second air duct. Therefore, the cooling effect of the first cell layer and the second cell layer is more uniform, which can avoid the phenomenon that the overall energy storage capacity of the battery module decreases due to the thermal cascade effect, thereby improving the service life of the battery module.
  • the box body includes an air inlet panel, an air outlet panel, a first side panel and a second side panel; the air inlet panel and the air outlet panel are arranged on both sides of the middle partition along the first direction, And the first ventilation hole is located on the air outlet panel; the first side panel and the second side panel are respectively connected between the air inlet panel and the air outlet panel, and the first side panel is located on the side of the first side away from the main air duct, The second side plate is located on the side of the second side edge away from the main air duct.
  • an air inlet panel, an air outlet panel, a first side panel and a second side panel are used to surround the box, which can accommodate the first cell layer, the second cell layer and the middle partition.
  • the first ventilation hole is arranged on the air outlet panel, and the air can be supplied to the first ventilation hole through the air supply unit, so that after the cooling gas enters the box from the second ventilation hole, it flows through the partition at least in the direction of the main air duct. plate, and then flow out of the box through the second vent hole.
  • the second ventilation hole is located on the air inlet plate, and the air outside the air inlet plate can be supplemented into the inside of the box through the second ventilation hole.
  • the number of main air ducts is multiple, and the multiple main air ducts are arranged in the middle partition along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • a plurality of main air ducts are arranged to extend side by side, which can increase the cooling area of the middle partition plate for the first cell layer and the second cell layer, thereby achieving better cooling effect.
  • the number of the first air ducts is multiple, and the multiple first air ducts are arranged at intervals along the first direction; the number of the second air ducts is also multiple, and multiple second air ducts are also arranged.
  • the secondary air ducts are also arranged at intervals along the first direction.
  • multiple primary air ducts and secondary air ducts are provided, which can also increase the air intake volume on the opposite sides of the middle partition plate, so that more air on the opposite sides of the middle partition plate can enter the In the main air duct, it supplements the air in the main air duct and reduces the temperature of the cooling gas in the main air duct.
  • the first air duct includes a first strong secondary air duct and a first weak secondary air duct, the first strong secondary air duct is located between the first weak secondary air duct and the air outlet panel, and The number of main air ducts connected by the first strong secondary air duct is greater than or equal to the number of main air ducts connected by the first weak secondary air duct;
  • the second air duct also includes the second strong secondary air duct and the second weak secondary air duct.
  • the second strong secondary air duct is located between the second weak secondary air duct and the air outlet panel, and the second strong secondary air duct is connected
  • the number of main air ducts is greater than or equal to the number of main air ducts connected to the second weak secondary air duct.
  • the number of main air ducts connected by the first strong secondary air duct is greater than or equal to the number of primary air ducts connected by the first weak secondary air duct.
  • the number of ducts can be such that in the extending direction of the main air duct, the closer to the air outlet panel, the more air is introduced in the direction of the first side. Since the temperature of the gas in the main air duct will gradually increase with the extension of the circulation path, through the arrangement of this embodiment, more low-temperature air can be introduced in the position where the gas temperature is higher in the main air duct, and the heat dissipation in the main air duct can be reduced. The air is supplemented to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the middle partition; correspondingly, the second air duct is set as the second strong secondary air duct and the second weak secondary air duct, and a similar effect can also be achieved.
  • the distance between the first air ducts located near the outlet side is greater than the distance between the first air ducts located far from the outlet side;
  • the distance between the second air ducts at the side is greater than the distance between the second air ducts at the side away from the air outlet.
  • the distance between the first air duct and the second air duct can be set to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the cell unit in the middle of the cell layer, thereby enabling the heat dissipation of each cell unit in the cell layer.
  • the effects tend to be consistent.
  • At least one main air duct is spaced between the first air duct and the second air duct.
  • the first side is provided with a first section, the first section is located on the side of the first side close to the air outlet panel, the first air duct is located in the first section, and the first section is located in the first section.
  • the length h1 of a section along the first direction and the length H1 of the first side meet the conditions: h1 ⁇ 3/4H1;
  • the second side is provided with a second section, and the second section is located on the second side close to the air outlet
  • the second air duct is located in the second section, and the length h2 of the second section along the first direction and the length H2 of the second side meet the condition: h2 ⁇ 3/4H2.
  • the first section and the second section are respectively disposed on a side farther than the air inlet plate, so that the gas in the main air duct will not be affected by the first Effects of secondary and secondary duct gases. Because the initial temperature of the gas in the main air duct is low, and the circulation path is relatively short, the first air duct and the second air duct can achieve better heat dissipation without intervention.
  • the main air duct includes an upper main air duct and a lower main air duct, the upper main air duct is provided with an opening facing the first cell layer, and the lower main air duct is provided with an opening facing the second cell layer There is at least one lower main air duct between the two upper main air ducts.
  • the upper main air duct can form a better cooling effect on the first cell layer
  • the lower main air duct can form a better cooling effect on the second cell layer.
  • better cooling effect at least one lower main air duct is arranged between the two upper main air ducts, so that the cross arrangement of the upper main air duct and the lower main air duct can be realized, and the main air duct can cool the first cell layer and the second cell layer. The effect is more even.
  • the first air duct has an opposite first air inlet end and a first air outlet end, the first air inlet end is connected to the first side, and the first air outlet end is connected to the main air duct, The projection of the first air outlet end on the first side is located between the first air inlet end and the air outlet panel;
  • the second air duct has an opposite second air inlet end and a second air outlet end, the second air inlet end is connected to the second side, the second air outlet end is connected to the main air duct, and the second air outlet end is on the second side
  • the projection on the edge is located between the second air inlet end and the air outlet panel.
  • the first air outlet end of the first air duct is closer to the air outlet panel than the first air inlet end, or both are flush, so that the first air duct enters the main air duct.
  • the maximum turning angle of the air circulation path is kept within 90 degrees, which is conducive to the circulation of air in the first air duct; correspondingly, the second air outlet end of the second air duct is also closer than the second air inlet end.
  • the position of the air outlet panel can also achieve a similar effect.
  • the middle partition plate is further provided with limit plates at the positions of the first side edge and the second side edge, and the limit plates extend away from each other in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the middle partition plate to limit the electrical The relative position between the core layer and the baffle.
  • the limiting plate may protrude from the position of the sidewall of each cell layer, so as to limit the displacement of each cell layer relative to the intermediate plate.
  • the middle partition plate is further provided with sub-limiting plates, the sub-limiting plates are arranged at intervals along the first side and at the same time along the second side, and the sub-limiting plates are used to limit each The relative position between the cell unit in the cell layer and the middle separator.
  • the sub-limiting plates may be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the first side and the second side, and are used to limit the displacement of each cell unit relative to the middle partition.
  • a plurality of notches are provided on the limiting plate, and the plurality of notches are used to form the first air inlet end of the first air duct and the second air inlet end of the second air duct. wind side.
  • the middle partition plate includes a base plate and an air guide strip, and the air guide strip is protruded on the base plate and used to enclose the base plate to form a main air channel.
  • the air guide strips are located on opposite sides of the middle partition plate, and are respectively protruded on the base plate.
  • the strip and the base plate are encircled to form a lower main air duct.
  • the relative positions of the upper main air duct and the lower main air duct can be adjusted by means of the air guide strip and the base plate, and in some implementations, the upper main air duct and the lower main air duct can also be opposite to each other. Symmetrically arranged on the base plate.
  • the first primary air duct includes a first primary air duct and a first secondary air duct, and the first primary air duct and the first secondary air duct are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the base plate ;
  • the second air duct includes the second upper air duct and the second lower air duct, and the second upper air duct and the second lower air duct are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the base plate.
  • the cell units in the cell layer are arranged in a single row.
  • the cell units in the cell layer are arranged in a double row, and the two side-by-side cell units are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell unit are located on the same side, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the two battery cell units arranged opposite to each other may be exposed on the surface of the side away from each other.
  • the intermediate plate includes a first support bar, a second support bar, and two third support bars.
  • the first support strip is located at the first side edge
  • the second support strip is located at the second side edge
  • the two third support strips are located between the first side edge and the second side edge.
  • the first support bar, the second support bar, and the third support bar are jointly used to fit and support the cell layers located on the upper and lower sides of the middle separator.
  • the third support bar near the first side cooperates with the first support bar to support the cell unit on one side
  • the third support bar near the second side cooperates with the second support bar for Support the cell unit on the other side.
  • the number of limit plates in the middle partition is three, wherein two limit plates are located at the first side and the second side respectively, and the third limit plate is located at two The middle position between the limit plates.
  • the added limit plate can be used to limit the relative positions between the two rows of cell units.
  • a plurality of sub-limiting plates are also arranged at intervals at the limiting plate located in the middle of the middle partition plate, and the sub-limiting plates are arranged in pairs, and each pair of sub-limiting plates is located at the limit plate respectively. Opposite sides of the bit plate.
  • the sub-limiting plate located in the middle of the middle partition plate cooperates with the sub-limiting plates located at the first side and the second side to respectively limit the space between the two side-by-side cell units. relative position.
  • the bus bar is used to connect the cell units on the same side in series, and the bus bar includes a short bus bar and a long bus bar, and the short bus bar and the long bus bar are arranged at the end of the series circuit.
  • the short bus bar includes a first power connection leg
  • the long bus bar includes a second power connection leg.
  • the first power connection leg and the second power connection leg are respectively bent relative to the segment bus bar and the long bus bar, and are located on one side of each cell layer.
  • the arrangement of the first power connection leg and the second power connection leg is beneficial to realize the series connection between the cell units on both sides, and to realize the electrical connection between the cell module and the external circuit.
  • first side plate and the second side plate are further provided with third ventilation holes.
  • the third ventilation holes are respectively provided on the first side plate and the second side plate, so that the first air duct and the second air duct of the middle partition plate can be respectively approached from the outside of the box.
  • the intake air reduces the circulation path of the external cooling gas entering the middle partition plate, and improves the heat dissipation effect of the middle partition plate.
  • the second ventilation holes are opened corresponding to the position of the middle partition plate, and the third ventilation holes are respectively opened corresponding to the positions of the first air duct and the second air duct.
  • the second ventilation hole is opened corresponding to the position of the middle partition, and the air outside the box can enter the main air duct through the second ventilation hole;
  • the third ventilation hole corresponds to the first air duct and the second air duct It is also convenient for the air outside the box to enter the first air duct and the second air duct through the third ventilation hole.
  • the box body further includes an air outlet plate, the air outlet plate is located between the middle partition plate and the air outlet panel, and the air outlet plate is further provided with a main air outlet hole.
  • the air outlet plate, the air inlet plate, the first side plate and the second side plate may enclose a relatively sealed space, so that the first battery core layer and the second battery layer located in the relatively sealed space can form a relatively sealed space.
  • the core layer mainly realizes heat dissipation through the main air outlet, which can improve the heat dissipation effect of the middle partition.
  • the main air outlet holes are opened at positions corresponding to the middle baffle.
  • the main air outlet holes are opened corresponding to the position of the middle partition plate, so that the cooling gas in the box can flow out from the main air outlet holes.
  • the air supply unit is provided in the box, and is located between the air outlet panel and the air outlet panel.
  • the air supply unit is arranged between the air outlet plate and the air outlet panel, so that the air supply unit is also accommodated in the box body, and the box body forms a reliable protection for the air supply unit.
  • the box body further includes a top component and a bottom component, the top component is located on the side of the first cell layer away from the middle partition, the bottom component is located on the side of the second battery layer away from the middle partition, and the top component
  • the assembly and the bottom assembly are respectively connected between the air inlet plate and the air outlet plate.
  • the top assembly and the bottom assembly are arranged along the stacking direction of the first cell layer and the second cell layer, and the first cell layer and the second cell layer can be stacked in the direction perpendicular to the middle separator. Form a reliable protection and improve the sealing of the box.
  • a top airflow channel is arranged in the top component, and a bottom airflow channel is arranged inside the bottom component. Both the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel extend along the first direction, and the air inlet plate also corresponds to the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel.
  • the air passage is provided with secondary air holes, and the air outlet plate is also provided with secondary air outlets corresponding to the top air passage and the bottom air passage.
  • the first cell layer and the second cell layer are dissipated through the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel, respectively, so that the two opposite planes of the first cell layer and the second cell layer are Cooling gas flows through, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the battery module of the present application.
  • the cell assembly further includes an upper partition plate and a lower partition plate.
  • the upper partition is located between the battery core layer and the top component, and forms a gap for ventilation and heat dissipation between the top component and the battery core layer;
  • the lower partition is located between the battery core layer and the bottom component, and makes the bottom component and the battery core layer.
  • a gap for ventilation and heat dissipation is also formed between the cell layers.
  • the sum of the areas of the secondary ventilation holes is smaller than the sum of the areas of the second ventilation holes;
  • the sum of the areas of the secondary vents is smaller than the sum of the areas of the primary vents.
  • the secondary ventilation holes are used to realize the cooling gas flow in the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel.
  • the sum of the areas of the secondary ventilation holes is smaller than the sum of the areas of the second ventilation holes, the area of the secondary ventilation holes or the area of the secondary ventilation holes
  • the cooling gas flow of the main channel in the middle baffle is greater than the gas flow of the top airflow channel and at the same time greater than the gas flow of the bottom airflow channel.
  • the middle separator dissipates heat from the first cell layer and the second cell layer at the same time, the gas flow in the middle separator is larger than that in the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel, which can ensure the first cell layer.
  • the temperature difference between the first cell layer and the second cell layer relative to the two planes is smaller, that is, to ensure that the heat dissipation effects of the first cell layer and the second cell layer relative to the two planes tend to be the same.
  • the battery module further includes a first insulating cover plate and a second insulating cover plate, the first insulating cover plate is located between the middle partition plate and the first side plate, and the first insulating cover plate also corresponds to The first air duct is provided with a first through hole;
  • the second insulating cover plate is located between the middle partition plate and the second side plate, and the second insulating cover plate is also provided with a second through hole corresponding to the second air duct.
  • first insulating cover plate and the second insulating cover plate work together to achieve insulation between the first cell layer and the second cell layer and the bus bar respectively.
  • a first through hole and a second through hole are respectively formed on the first insulating cover plate and the second insulating cover plate, so that the air outside the third ventilation hole can enter the first through hole and the second through hole respectively.
  • the first insulating cover plate includes a first outer surface facing the first side plate, the first outer surface is provided with a first air guide groove, and one end of the first air guide groove is connected to the first Through hole, the other end is connected to the air outlet plate;
  • the second insulating cover plate includes a second outer surface facing the second side plate, the second outer surface is provided with a second air guide groove, one end of the second air guide groove is connected to the second through hole, and the other end is connected to the air outlet plate ;
  • the air outlet plate is also provided with air guide holes corresponding to the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove respectively.
  • the first air guide groove is formed on the first outer surface of the first insulating cover plate, so that part of the air entering the box from outside the first side plate can also flow along the first air guide groove, and has a negative impact on the air.
  • the bus bars form cooling and heat dissipation; correspondingly, part of the air entering the box from outside the second side plate can also flow in the second air guide groove, and form cooling and heat dissipation for the bus bars.
  • the battery module further includes a cavity and a control panel, the control panel is accommodated in the cavity, and the cavity is further provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet and the main air duct, or the first The air guide groove or the second air guide groove is communicated, and the air outlet is communicated with the air outlet window of the air outlet panel.
  • control panel is used to control the operation of the first cell layer and the second cell layer, and the control panel is accommodated and protected by a cavity.
  • cooling gas can also flow through the cavity to realize heat dissipation of the control panel.
  • control panel is used as a battery management system, and/or an optimizer, and/or a DC conversion device of the battery module.
  • the number of control panels is multiple.
  • the number of control panels is two, and the two control panels are arranged on two sides of the air supply unit.
  • the air supply unit includes a first fan and at least two second fans, and in the stacking direction of the first cell layer and the second cell layer, the first fan is located between the two second fans Between, and when the air supply unit is working, the exhaust power of the first fan is greater than the exhaust power of the second fan.
  • the function of the air supply unit is realized by the arrangement of the first fan between the two second fans, which can meet the heat dissipation requirement of the battery module of the present application.
  • Setting the first fan with a higher exhaust power can ensure that the exhaust power of the middle partition is greater than the exhaust power of the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel, and can also reach the first cell layer and the second cell layer respectively.
  • the temperature difference on the two planes is relatively smaller, and the effect that the heat dissipation effects of the first battery core layer and the second battery core layer relative to the two planes tend to be the same.
  • the air supply unit includes a third fan and a fourth fan, and the third fan and the fourth fan are arranged side by side along the stacking direction of the first cell layer and the second cell layer; the battery module further A first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are provided, the first temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the first cell layer, and the second temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the second cell layer; the control panel is also connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor to monitor the obtained temperature data respectively, so as to respectively control the rotational speed of the third fan and the fourth fan.
  • a temperature difference may be formed between the first battery core layer and the second battery core layer, and the control panel can monitor the temperature difference in real time through monitoring by the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. Then, the control panel can adjust the real-time cooling power of the first cell layer and the second cell layer by adjusting the rotational speed of the third fan and the fourth fan, thereby reducing the temperature of the first cell layer and the second cell layer. difference, and make the temperature of the two tend to be consistent.
  • the present application also relates to a vehicle equipped with the above-mentioned battery module. Understandably, because the heat dissipation effect of the above-mentioned battery module is more uniform, the temperature difference between the cells in the battery module can be controlled, thereby better maintaining the overall energy storage capacity of the battery module. Therefore, the service life is increased.
  • the vehicle is an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the battery module can provide the electric power required for the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle to travel, and on the basis of reducing the carbon emission of the vehicle, the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle can better maintain its cruising range, And increase the lifespan of electric or hybrid vehicles.
  • the vehicle further includes a frame, a power unit, a transmission unit, and a plurality of wheels.
  • the battery module is accommodated in the frame and is electrically connected with the power device.
  • the power device is connected with each wheel through a transmission device, and converts the electrical energy stored in the battery module into rotational power, and transmits the rotational power to each wheel end through the transmission device.
  • the battery module provides the power device with electrical energy required for operation.
  • the power device converts electrical energy into rotational power for output, and transmits the rotational power to each wheel end through the transmission device, thereby driving the vehicle to travel on the road.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the battery module provided in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a cell assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided by Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the side view direction of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of another observation direction of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided by Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation scheme of a battery module in the prior art
  • Fig. 8 is a graph of experimental data of working simulation of the battery module under different conditions
  • Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the airflow path in the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the middle separator in the cell assembly provided in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition provided in FIG. 11 after being cut along AA;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition provided in FIG. 11 after being cut along BB;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition provided in FIG. 11 after being cut along CC;
  • Fig. 15 is a partial enlarged schematic view of the middle partition plate provided in Fig. 11 at the first side edge;
  • FIG. 16 is an exploded schematic view of another embodiment of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 17 is an exploded schematic view of another embodiment of the middle partition in the cell assembly provided in FIG. 16;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition plate in another viewing direction in the cell assembly provided in FIG. 17;
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the middle partition plate and a single cell unit in the cell assembly provided in Fig. 16;
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the structure of the middle partition plate in the front view of the cell assembly provided in FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of the middle partition plate in the side view direction of the cell assembly provided in FIG. 17;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition provided in Figure 17 after being cut along D-D;
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition provided in Fig. 17 after being cut along E-E;
  • FIG. 24 is an exploded schematic view of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • 25 is a schematic diagram of the airflow path of the main air duct in the middle partition plate in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • 26 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the appearance structure of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 26;
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 27;
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic exploded structural diagram of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 27;
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air outlet panel area in the battery module provided in FIG. 27;
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of the airflow path of the main air duct in the middle partition plate in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 32 is a schematic plan view of the first side plate in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the top assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 34 is an exploded schematic view of the top assembly and the bottom assembly in the battery module provided in Figure 2;
  • 35 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module provided in FIG. 2 viewed from the direction of the air inlet plate;
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the airflow paths of the first air duct and the second air duct in the middle partition plate of the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 37 is a schematic structural diagram of a second insulating cover plate in the battery module provided in FIG. 36;
  • FIG. 38 is a schematic plan view of the second insulating cover plate provided in FIG. 37;
  • Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of bus bars in the second insulating cover plate provided in Figure 37;
  • Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of the airflow path in the second insulating cover plate provided in Figure 37;
  • 41 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 42 is an exploded schematic view of the cell assembly and the middle separator in the battery module provided in Figure 41;
  • Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in Figure 41;
  • Figure 44 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition in the cell assembly provided in Figure 41;
  • FIG. 45 is a schematic view of the structure in the front view of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in FIG. 41;
  • Figure 46 is a schematic side view of the structure of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in Figure 41;
  • FIG. 47 is a schematic top view of the structure of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in FIG. 41;
  • FIG. 48 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 49 is a schematic structural diagram of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in FIG. 48;
  • Figure 50 is a schematic exploded view of the cell assembly in the battery module provided in Figure 49;
  • Figure 51 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle partition in the cell assembly provided in Figure 49;
  • Fig. 52 is a schematic top view of the structure of the middle partition plate in the cell assembly provided in Fig. 49;
  • Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of fans in the air supply unit provided in Figure 24;
  • FIG. 54 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of fan arrangement in the air supply unit provided in FIG. 24 .
  • the battery module 100 involved in the present application shown in FIG. 1 which includes a box body 30 .
  • the other components of the battery module 100 are accommodated in the box body 30 .
  • the box body 30 is generally a sealed structure, which can protect the components housed in the box body 30 .
  • Each outer surface of the box body 30 is also provided with a through hole structure, which is used to realize the communication between the inside of the box body 30 and the outside world.
  • the battery module 100 generates a large amount of heat during operation. After the temperature of the air in the box body 30 increases, heat exchange with the outside air can be formed to achieve heat dissipation to the battery module 100 .
  • the box 30 includes an air outlet panel 37 , a second side panel 34 and a top assembly 35 .
  • the air outlet panel 37 is provided with an air outlet window 371, and the air outlet window 371 is composed of a plurality of the above-mentioned through-hole structures.
  • the second side plate 34 is also provided with side ventilation holes 382 , and the side ventilation holes 382 can also be understood as the above-mentioned through hole structure. It can be understood that the multiple through-hole structures in the air outlet window 371 in this embodiment can be understood as the first ventilation holes; and the side ventilation holes 382 can also be understood as the third ventilation holes.
  • the box body 30 further includes an air inlet plate 31 , a first side plate 33 and a bottom assembly 36 , and the inside of the box body 30 accommodates the cell assembly 10 .
  • the air inlet panel 31 and the air outlet panel 37 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction 001, and are arranged on both sides of the battery core assembly 10; the second side plate 34 and the first side plate 33 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction 002, and the electricity Both sides of the core assembly 10, and the second direction 002 is perpendicular to the first direction 001; the bottom assembly 36 and the top assembly 35 are disposed opposite to each other along the third direction 003, and are also arranged on both sides of the cell assembly 10, and the third direction 003 It is perpendicular to the first direction 001 and the second direction 002 at the same time. That is, the box 30 is enclosed by the air inlet plate 31 , the air outlet panel 37 , the first side plate 33 , the second side plate 34 , the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 to form a sealed internal space for accommodating the cell assembly 10 .
  • the air inlet plate 31 , the air outlet panel 37 , the first side plate 33 and the second side plate 34 are all provided with a through hole structure: the air inlet plate 31 is provided with a plurality of main ventilation holes 381 , and the air outlet on the air outlet panel 37 The window 371 and the side ventilation holes 382 respectively opened on the first side panel 33 and the second side panel in some embodiments.
  • the main ventilation hole 381 is immediately the second ventilation hole.
  • the air outlet panel 37 may also be provided with an air supply unit 50 (see FIG. 24 ).
  • the air supply unit 50 is arranged corresponding to the air outlet window 371 to provide power for the air in the box 30 to flow out of the box 30 through the air outlet window 371 .
  • the main ventilation holes 381 and the side ventilation holes 382 allow the air outside the box body 30 to be supplemented into the box body 30 . Because the temperature of the air outside the box body 30 is relatively low, the air inside the box body 30 can achieve heat exchange with the outside through the above-mentioned through-hole structure, so as to achieve the purpose of dissipating heat to the cell assembly 10 .
  • the battery module 100 further includes a first insulating cover plate 41 , a second insulating cover plate 42 , at least one first support frame 43 , and at least one second support frame 44 .
  • the first support frame 43 is located between the first side plate 33 and the cell assembly 10 .
  • the first support frame 43 is fixedly connected to the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 respectively, and is used to support the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 .
  • the first support frame 43 and the second support frame 44 can also be used for tensioning the cell assembly 10 .
  • the first side plate 33 is also fixedly connected to the first support frame 43 , and the first side plate 33 is fixedly connected to the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 through the first support frame 43 .
  • the first side plate 33 may also be directly and fixedly connected to the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36, respectively.
  • the first insulating cover plate 41 is located between the first support frame 43 and the first side plate 33, and between the first insulating cover plate 41 and the first side plate 33 are further provided with a plurality of bus bars 45, each bus bar 45 is connected to the The cell assembly 10 is in contact and conducts, so as to realize electrical connection between each cell layer in the cell assembly 10 on the side close to the first side plate 33 .
  • an insulating membrane 46 is further provided between the bus bar 45 and the first side plate 33 to prevent the current on the bus bar 45 from being conducted to the first side plate 33 .
  • the second support frame 44 is also located between the second side plate 34 and the cell assembly 10.
  • the second support frame 44 is also fixedly connected to the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36, respectively, and is used to support the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36, and It can be used to tighten the cell assembly 10 .
  • the second side plate 34 is also fixedly connected with the second support frame 44 , thereby realizing fixed connection with the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the second side plate 34 can also be directly and fixedly connected to the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36, respectively.
  • the second insulating cover plate 42 is located between the second support frame 44 and the second side plate 34 , a plurality of bus bars 45 are also provided between the second insulating cover plate 42 and the second side plate 34 , and each bus bar 45 is also It is in contact with and conducts with the cell assembly 10 , so as to realize the electrical connection between each cell layer in the cell assembly 10 on the side close to the second side plate 34 .
  • the first insulating cover plate 41 and the second insulating cover plate 42 work together to achieve the insulating function between the cell assembly 10 and each bus bar 45 .
  • an insulating membrane 46 may also be disposed between the bus bar 45 and the second side plate 34 to prevent the current on the bus bar 45 from being conducted to the second side plate 34 .
  • the cell assembly 10 includes at least two cell layers and a middle separator 20 .
  • the at least two cell layers include a first cell layer 11 and a second cell layer 12 .
  • the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 are stacked on each other, and the middle separator 20 is sandwiched between the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 . That is, the first cell layer 11 , the middle separator 20 and the second cell layer 12 are sequentially stacked and fixed inside the box body 30 .
  • the number of cell layers is four, that is, the cell assembly 10 further includes a third cell layer 13 and a fourth cell layer 14 .
  • the four cell layers are also fixed in the box body 30 in a sequentially stacked state, and a middle partition 20 is sandwiched between any two adjacent cell layers. That is, a middle separator 20 is sandwiched between the second cell layer 12 and the third cell layer 13 and between the third cell layer 13 and the fourth cell layer 14 , respectively. Therefore, the number of the middle separators 20 in the cell assembly 10 shown in FIG. 3 is three. Because the working principles of the middle separators 20 in the battery module 100 of the present application are similar, except for special scenarios, the following descriptions are based on the middle separators located between the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 . 20 Expand.
  • each cell layer is composed of a plurality of cell units 15 arranged side by side. Taking the first cell layer 11 as an example, four cell units 15 are arranged side by side along the first direction 001 . The length directions of the four cell units 15 are all arranged along the second direction 002 . The positive electrode 151 and the negative electrode (not shown in the figure) of each cell unit 15 are arranged opposite to each other along its own length direction, that is, the positive electrode 151 and the negative electrode of each cell unit 15 are arranged along the second direction 002 of the cell units 15 . opposite ends.
  • the positive electrode 151 of each cell unit 15 in the battery cell assembly 10 can be fixedly connected and conducted with the bus bar 45 located on the same side (the side of the first insulating cover plate 41 ), and the negative electrode of each cell unit 15 can be It is fixedly connected and conducts with the bus bar 45 located on the same side (the side of the second insulating cover plate 42 ). It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the positive electrode 151 of each cell unit 15 can also be fixedly connected to the bus bar 45 on the side of the second insulating cover plate 42 , and the corresponding negative electrode of each cell unit 15 is connected to the first insulating cover. The bus bar 45 on the side of the board 41 is fixedly connected. This application does not limit this.
  • the positive electrodes 151 of several cell units 15 and the negative electrodes of several cell units 15 may also be provided.
  • the positive electrode 151 of each cell 15 in the first cell layer 11 is fixedly connected to the bus bar 45 on the side of the first insulating cover plate 41
  • the negative electrode of each cell 15 in the second cell layer 12 is also connected to the first insulating cover plate.
  • the bus bar 45 on the 41 side is fixedly connected.
  • the outer dimension of the middle separator 20 is substantially the same as the outer dimension of the first cell layer 11 . That is, when the middle separator 20 is sandwiched between the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 , the middle separator 20 can substantially cover its surface in contact with the first cell layer 11 , and at the same time substantially cover its surface with the first cell layer 11 . The surface to which the second cell layer 12 contacts.
  • the first cell layer 11 because the plurality of cell units 15 are arranged along the first direction 001 , the overall length dimension of the first cell layer 11 along the first direction 001 is compared to the length of the cell unit 15 itself Larger size. Therefore, the length direction of the middle separator 20 is also arranged along the first direction 001 , that is, the direction in which the plurality of cell units 15 are arranged.
  • the intermediate plate 20 is generally a plate-like structure, and has a first plane 205 and a second plane 206 opposite to each other.
  • the first plane 205 may be disposed facing the first cell layer 11
  • the corresponding second plane 206 may be disposed facing away from the first cell layer 11 , that is, the second plane 206 may be disposed facing the second cell layer 12 .
  • the first plane 205 may be disposed in contact with the first cell layer 11
  • the second plane 206 may be disposed in contact with the second cell layer 12 .
  • the middle partition plate 20 further includes a first side edge 201 , a second side edge 202 , an air inlet side edge 203 and an air outlet side edge 204 .
  • the first side 201 and the second side 202 both extend along the first direction 001
  • the air inlet side 203 and the air outlet side 204 both extend along the second direction 002 . That is, the first side 201 and the second side 202 are opposite to each other along the second direction 002
  • the wind inlet side 203 and the wind outlet side 204 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction 001 .
  • a main air duct 23 , a primary air duct 21 and a secondary air duct 22 are also provided in the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the main air duct 23 penetrates the middle partition plate 20 along the first direction 001 . That is to say, the main air duct 23 includes the opposite main air inlet end 231 and the main air outlet end 232, the main air inlet end 231 and the main air outlet end 232 are oppositely arranged along the first direction 001, and the main air inlet end 231 is connected to the air inlet side. Side 203, the main air outlet end 232 communicates with the air outlet side 204.
  • an airflow channel can be formed in the main air duct 23 .
  • the cooling air After the cooling air enters the main air duct 23 from the main air inlet end 231 , it can flow along the main air duct 23 and flow out of the middle partition 20 from the main air outlet end 232 .
  • the battery core assembly 10 will generate heat and increase the temperature of the middle separator 20 .
  • the flow of the external cooling air in the main air duct 23 can take away the high-temperature air at the middle partition plate 20, thereby reducing the overall temperature of the middle partition plate 20.
  • the temperature-reduced middle separator 20 can dissipate heat to the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 through the first plane 205 and the second plane 206 , respectively.
  • the number of main air ducts 23 is multiple, and the plurality of main air ducts 23 are arranged in the middle partition plate 20 along the second direction 002 . Therefore, a structure in which a plurality of main air ducts 23 extend side by side along the first direction 001 is formed in the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the main air ducts 23 arranged side by side increase the circulation area of the cooling air, which can bring more high-temperature air away from the middle partition plate 20, that is, the effect of the middle partition plate 20 on the first cell layer 11 and the second cell core is increased.
  • the cooling area of the layer 12 can achieve better heat dissipation effect.
  • the main air duct 23 further includes an upper main air duct 233 and a lower main air duct 234 .
  • the upper main air duct 233 is provided with an opening 235 , and the opening 235 is opened toward the first plane 205 . That is, the upper main air duct 233 is provided with an opening 235 facing the first cell layer 11; the lower main air duct 234 is also provided with an opening 235, and the opening 235 of the lower main air duct 234 is arranged toward the second plane 206, that is, the lower main air duct 234 is also provided with an opening 235.
  • the main air duct 234 is provided with an opening 235 facing the second cell layer 12 .
  • the opening 235 also penetrates the middle partition 20 along the first direction 001 .
  • the opening 235 may also be a structure formed intermittently along the first direction 001 , so as to improve the overall structural stability of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • reinforcing ribs may also be provided inside the main air duct 23 , so that the opening 235 forms a structure with a variable cross-section.
  • the arrangement of the openings 235 can enable the cooling gas in the main air duct 23 to directly act on the outer surfaces of the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 . That is, the cooling gas circulating in the upper main air duct 233 can act on the outer surface of the first cell layer 11 , and the cooling gas circulating in the lower main air duct 234 can also act on the outer surface of the second cell layer 12 .
  • the cooling gas can directly take the high-temperature gas at the respective outer surfaces of the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 away from the middle separator 20 , so that after opening 235 , the middle separator 20 can directly affect the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 .
  • the cooling effect of the second cell layer 12 is better.
  • the upper main air duct 233 and the lower main air duct 234 are also arranged at intervals along the second direction. Therefore, in the range of the first plane 205 , the distribution of the upper main air ducts 233 is more uniform; and in the range of the second plane 206 , the distribution of the lower main air ducts 234 is also relatively uniform. This further makes the cooling effect of the main air duct 23 on the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 more uniform. Meanwhile, in the illustration of FIG. 5 , a lower main air duct 234 is arranged between two adjacent upper main air ducts 233 ; an upper main air duct is also arranged between two adjacent lower main air ducts 234 . 233.
  • two or more lower main air ducts 234 may also be arranged between two adjacent upper main air ducts 233; Two or more upper main air ducts 233 are provided.
  • the above respective implementation manners can achieve a similar effect of more uniform heat dissipation.
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are arranged on opposite sides of the main air duct 23 along the second direction 002 .
  • the first air duct 21 includes a first air inlet end 211 and a first air outlet end 212 opposite to each other.
  • the first air inlet end 211 is connected to the first side 201
  • the first air outlet end 212 is connected to the main air duct 23 . Therefore, the first air duct 21 can introduce the air outside the first side 201 into the main air duct 23 ;
  • the second air duct 22 includes the opposite second air inlet end 221 and second air outlet end 222 .
  • the second air inlet end 221 is connected to the second side 202 , and the second air outlet end 222 is also connected to the main air duct 23 . Therefore, the second air duct 22 can also introduce the air outside the second side 202 into the main air duct 23 .
  • the battery module in FIG. 7 is also a structure in which two layers of cell layers are stacked, wherein three cells are arranged side by side in each cell layer, and an air duct is arranged between the two cell layers for heat dissipation and cooling.
  • the gas enters the air duct from the side close to the cell 1 and flows out from the side close to the cell 3 .
  • the heat dissipation mode in Figure 7 when the cooling gas flows from cell 1 to cell 3, its temperature will gradually increase with the extension of the flow path, so the heat dissipation effect obtained at cell 1 is stronger than that at cell 3. The cooling effect obtained.
  • FIG. 8 shows the results of an experimental data on the thermal cascade effect: based on the same out-of-cabinet rate and the same temperature control configuration, comparing two sets of battery modules with an internal temperature difference of 10°C and 5°C, respectively, calculate and simulate their work.
  • the internal cell SOH of the battery module with an internal temperature difference of 10°C is 2% lower than that of the latter.
  • the battery module with an internal temperature difference of 10°C generates about 1% less power during the life cycle.
  • the battery modules whose internal temperature difference is controlled at 5°C will be compared with the internal temperature difference.
  • the return air temperature can be increased by about 5°C
  • the overall coefficient of performance (COP) of the battery module can be increased by about 17%.
  • the capacity requirement of the air conditioner for the battery module whose temperature difference is controlled at 5°C is also reduced accordingly, and the initial investment of the air conditioner can be reduced by 10%.
  • the cooling gas flow path of the separator 20 in the present application shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the cooling gas can also flow into the main air duct 23 from the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22, and finally exit from the middle partition 20
  • the wind side 204 flows out.
  • the cooling gas in the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 can respectively form cooling and heat dissipation channels for the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 in their corresponding regions on their circulation paths.
  • the first air duct 21 and the second secondary air duct 22 are along the width direction of the middle partition plate 20 (ie the second direction 002). extend.
  • the extension paths of the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are shorter than the extension paths of the main air duct 23 , and the primary air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 flow into the main air duct 23
  • the temperature of the gas in the main air duct 23 is lower than the temperature of the gas that has been circulating along the main air duct 23. This part of the cooling gas with lower temperature can form the cooling gas in the main air duct 23 whose temperature is increased due to the thermal cascade effect. Effective supplement, thereby lowering the overall gas temperature in the main air duct 23 .
  • the partition plate 20 can keep the temperature of the gas circulating in the main air duct 23 within a relatively low range through the arrangement of the primary air duct 21 and the secondary air duct 22 .
  • a larger temperature difference is formed between the battery cell 1 and the battery cell 3 due to the better cooling effect.
  • the temperature of the cell unit 15 on the side of the air inlet can be closer to the temperature of the cell unit 15 on the side close to the air inlet side 203 . That is to say, the cooling effect among the battery cells 15 in the battery module 100 of the present application tends to be more consistent, and the temperature difference during the operation is correspondingly smaller.
  • the battery module 100 of the present application also reduces the temperature difference between different cell units 15, and the overall temperature consistency of the battery cell assembly 10 is maintained, thereby improving the service life of the battery module 100 of the present application.
  • the battery module 100 of the present application can be used in the vehicle 200 involved in the present application.
  • the vehicle 200 of the present application may be an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like.
  • the vehicle 200 includes a frame 210 , a powerplant 220 , a transmission 230 , and a plurality of wheels 240 .
  • the battery module 100 can be accommodated in the frame 210 and provide the power device 220 with electrical energy required for operation.
  • the power device 220 converts electrical energy into rotational power for output, and transmits the rotational power to each wheel 240 through the transmission device 230, thereby driving the wheels 240 to rotate, so that the vehicle 200 runs on the road.
  • the battery module 100 of the present application can provide the vehicle 200 involved in the present application with electrical energy required during driving. Because the battery module 100 of the present application effectively controls the temperature difference between each cell unit 15, thereby ensuring the same health of each cell layer in the cell assembly 10, and avoiding the phenomenon of short lifespan. The vehicle 200 involved in the present application thus more reliably maintains its cruising range and has a longer service life.
  • the battery module 100 is arranged at the lower position of the middle of the frame 210 , the power unit 220 is arranged at the front end of the workshop 210 , and the battery module 100 and the power unit 220 are electrically connected by wires. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the battery module 100 may also be disposed at the front or rear end of the frame 210 and be electrically connected to the power device 220 through wires. The specific positions of the battery module 100 and the power device 220 Arbitrary settings may be arranged based on the internal components of the vehicle 200, respectively.
  • the cooling gas in the box 30 mainly enters from the main ventilation holes 381 on the air inlet plate 31 .
  • the gas entering the box body 30 can also enter the middle partition plate 20 from the main air duct 23, the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 respectively, and realize that the middle partition plate 20 is connected to each cell layer. cooling function.
  • the number of the first air ducts 21 is multiple, and the multiple first air ducts 21 are arranged at intervals along the first direction 001; the number of the second air ducts 22 is also multiple, the more The second air ducts 22 are also arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 .
  • the external cooling gas can enter more into the main air duct 23 , further reducing the gas temperature in the main air duct 23 , and effectively supplementing the cooling gas circulating in the main air duct 23 .
  • the first air duct 21 is further divided into the first strong secondary air duct 21a and the first weak secondary air duct 21b.
  • the first strong secondary air duct 21 a is located between the first weak secondary air duct 21 b and the air outlet side 204 .
  • the first strong secondary air duct 21a is closer to the air outlet side 204 than the first weak secondary air duct 21b. Further, the number of main air ducts 23 connected to the first strong secondary air duct 21a is greater than or equal to (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 , it is greater than) the number of main air ducts 23 connected to the first weak secondary air duct 21b. .
  • the first strong secondary air duct 21a is connected to 4 upper main air ducts 233 and 3 lower main air ducts 234, a total of 7 main air ducts 23.
  • the first weak secondary air duct 21 b is only connected with one upper main air duct 233 and one lower main air duct 234 , which are two main air ducts 23 respectively.
  • the more the number of main air ducts 23 it communicates with the more cooling gas flows into the main air duct 23 from the first air duct 21, that is, the first air duct 21 flows into the main air duct 23.
  • the temperature of the cooling gas gradually increases with the extension of the circulating path, that is, the temperature of the cooling gas in the main air duct 23 closer to the air outlet side 204 is higher. , the temperature of the cooling gas is lower as it is closer to the air inlet side 203 . Therefore, in the present application, the side of the partition plate 20 close to the air outlet side 204 has a relatively lower requirement for cooling gas than the side close to the air inlet side 203 .
  • the first strong secondary air duct 21a effectively supplements the inherent cooling air in the main air duct 23 because more cooling air flows in, and reduces the overall temperature of the cooling air on the side close to the air outlet side 204 . Since the first weak secondary air duct 21b is closer to the air inlet side 203, the temperature increase of the inherent cooling gas in the main air duct 23 is relatively small, so its demand for cooling gas is also smaller. The weak secondary air duct 21b only needs to be connected with less main air ducts 23 to meet the heat dissipation requirement.
  • the strength of the secondary air ducts is only defined as a relative relationship. That is, between any two primary air ducts 21 , as long as one of the primary air ducts 21 is closer to the air outlet side 204 than the other primary air duct 21 , then the first air duct 21 is closer to the air outlet side.
  • the first air duct 21 on the side 204 can be regarded as a strong secondary air duct, and the other first air duct 21 can be regarded as a weak secondary air duct.
  • the first air duct 21c shown in FIG. 14 is closer to the air outlet side 204 than the first weak air duct 21b shown in FIG. 13 , so the first air duct shown in FIG. 21c can be regarded as a strong secondary air duct, which connects 3 upper main air ducts 233 and 3 lower main air ducts 234 with a total of 6 main air ducts 23.
  • the number (2) of the main air ducts 23 connected by the duct 21b is more; and because the primary air duct 21c shown in FIG.
  • the first air duct 21c shown in FIG. 14 is regarded as a weak secondary air duct, and the number (6) of the connected main air ducts 23 is also less than that of the first strong secondary air duct shown in FIG. 12.
  • the second air duct 22 may also include a second strong secondary air duct 22a and a second weak secondary air duct 22b.
  • the second strong secondary air duct 22a is also located between the second weak secondary air duct 22b and the outlet side 204, and the number of main air ducts 23 connected to the second strong secondary air duct 22a is greater than or equal to the second weak secondary air duct 22a.
  • the strong and weak secondary air ducts in the secondary air duct 22 are also in a relative relationship.
  • the secondary air duct 22c shown in FIG. 14 may be the strong secondary air duct of the second weak secondary air duct 22b shown in FIG.
  • It may also be a weak secondary air duct of the second strong secondary air duct 22a shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the difference between the strong secondary air duct and the weak secondary air duct in the second air duct 22 is also similar to the effect of the first air duct 21 .
  • the first side 201 is provided with a first section 2011 , and the first section 2011 is located on the side of the first side 201 close to the air outlet side 204 .
  • the plurality of first air ducts 21 are all located in the first section 2011, and the length h1 of the first section 2011 along the first direction 001 and the length H1 of the first side 201 satisfy the conditions: h1 ⁇ 3/4H1;
  • the second side 202 is also provided with a second section 2021 , the second section 2021 is also located on the side of the second side 202 close to the air outlet side 204 , and the plurality of second air ducts 22 are located in the second section 2021 Inside.
  • the length h2 of the second section 2021 along the first direction 001 and the length H2 of the second side meet the condition: h2 ⁇ 3/4H2.
  • the first section 2011 and the second section 2021 are respectively located at positions relatively far away from the air inlet plate 203, and the plurality of first air ducts 21 and the plurality of second air ducts 22 are respectively disposed in the first area
  • the temperature difference between each cell unit 15 is correspondingly reduced.
  • At least one main air duct 23 is further spaced between the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 .
  • the three main air ducts 23 that are not communicated with the first air duct 21 or the second air duct 22 can ensure the flow of the cooling gas along the first direction 001 .
  • the cooling gas entering the main air duct 23 from the air inlet side 203 can flow out of the middle partition 20 along the first direction 001 at least along the path formed by the three main air ducts 23 .
  • the first air duct 21 and the second secondary air duct 22 generally extend along the second direction 002, and the second direction 002 is perpendicular to the first direction 001.
  • the cooling gas flowing into the middle partition plate 20 from the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 flows in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the inherent cooling gas in the main air duct 23, so it will affect the main air duct.
  • the gas flowing in 23 forms a shut-off, which partially blocks the flow of the inherent cooling gas in the main air duct 23 along the first direction 001 .
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are directly connected.
  • a gas circulation path that runs through the second direction 002 is formed, and this part of the circulation path will form a blocking phenomenon for the inherent cooling gas flowing in all the main air ducts 23, resulting in the inherent cooling gas in the main air duct 23 cannot be smoothly discharged from the air.
  • the side edges 204 flow out of the central baffle 20 . As a result, the cooling gas flowing into the main air duct 23 may be reduced, and the heat dissipation effect on the battery cells 15 on the side close to the air inlet side 203 may be reduced.
  • the at least one main air duct 23 can ensure that at least part of the The inherent cooling gas in the main air duct 23 can smoothly flow out of the middle partition 20 from the air outlet side 204, and the corresponding cooling gas flowing into the main air duct 23 from the air inlet side 203 increases, which can ensure that the cell units in this area are increased. 15 cooling effect.
  • the first air outlet end 212 is at the first air inlet end 211 and the air outlet side edge 204 .
  • the primary air duct 21 and the main air duct 23 form an included angle ⁇ .
  • the included angle ⁇ can be understood as the corner where the cooling gas in the primary air duct 21 continues to circulate along the main air duct 23 after it enters the main air duct 23 .
  • the projection of the first air outlet end 212 on the first side 201 needs to be located between the first air inlet end 211 and the air outlet side 204, which can ensure the cooling gas entering the main air duct 23 from the first air duct 21 When the corner is less than or equal to 90 degrees, the cooling gas can continue to flow along the main air duct 23 more smoothly.
  • the second air inlet end 221 and the second air outlet end 222 of the second air duct also need to satisfy that the projection of the second air outlet end 222 on the second side 202 is located between the second air inlet end 221 and the second air outlet end 222 .
  • the cooling gas entering the main air duct 23 from the secondary air duct 21 can also continue to circulate along the main air duct 23 more smoothly.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates another structure of the cell assembly 10 .
  • the cell assembly 10 also includes a first cell layer 11 , a second cell layer 12 , a third cell layer 13 , and a fourth cell layer 14 , a total of four cell layers.
  • a middle partition plate 20 is respectively disposed, that is, three middle partition plates 20 are also included in FIG. 16 .
  • the middle partition plate 20 also includes a first side edge 201 , a second side edge 202 , an air inlet side edge 203 and an air outlet side edge 204 .
  • the middle partition plate 20 is further provided with a structure of limiting plates 207 at the positions of the first side edge 201 and the second side edge 202 respectively.
  • the limiting plate 207 extends toward the first plane 205 and the second plane 206 respectively, and forms a limiting structure at the first side 201 and the second side 202 of the intermediate plate 20 . It can be understood that, because the first side 201 and the second side 202 are arranged along the second direction 002, when each cell layer is attached and fixed to the middle separator 20, the limiting plate 207 can protrude beyond the edge of each cell layer. The position of the side wall is used to limit the displacement of each cell layer relative to the middle separator 20 in the second direction 002 .
  • a plurality of sub-limiting plates 207 a are also provided.
  • the sub-limiting plates 207 a are arranged at intervals along the arrangement direction of the cell units 15 in the cell layer (ie, the first direction 001 ), and extend from the limiting plate 207 toward the center of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the distance between the adjacent two sub-limiting plates 207a matches the external dimension of the single cell unit 15, so that the single cell unit 15 can be embedded in the gap between the two adjacent sub-limiting plates 207a (as shown in FIG. 19 ). Show).
  • the middle partition plate 20 can limit the position of the battery core layer to which it is attached and fixed through the cooperation of the limiting plate 207 and the sub-limiting plate 207a, and can keep each cell in the battery core layer. Relative distance between cells 15. Therefore, each cell unit 15 can maintain a fixed relative position and a fixed position relative to the middle partition 20 during the traveling process of the vehicle 200 , thereby ensuring the heat dissipation effect of each cell unit 15 .
  • the middle partition plate 20 of this embodiment also includes an upper main air duct 233 and a lower main air duct 234 , but the difference from the middle partition plate 20 shown in FIG. 5 is that the present application
  • the middle partition plate 20 is further provided with a base plate 24 and an air guide strip 25 protruding from the base plate 24 .
  • the base plate 24 is used to form the main structure of the plate-shaped intermediate plate 20 .
  • the air guide bar 25 includes an upper air guide bar 251 and a lower air guide bar 252 .
  • the upper air guide strips 251 extend from the base plate 24 along the third direction 003, and the plurality of upper air guide strips 251 are arranged at intervals along the second direction 002, and the outer surface of the plurality of upper air guide strips 251 away from the base plate 24 is formed as a middle partition plate 20 of the first plane 205 .
  • the upper air guide strips 251 are also elongated along the first direction 001 on the middle partition plate 20 , and an upper main air duct 233 is formed between two adjacent upper air guide strips 251 .
  • the lower air guide bar 252 extends along the third direction 003 from the base plate 24 , and the extending direction of the lower air guide bar 252 is opposite to the extending direction of the upper air guide bar 251 .
  • There are also a plurality of lower air guide bars 252 the plurality of lower air guide bars 252 are arranged at intervals along the second direction 002 , and the surface of the plurality of lower air guide bars 252 facing away from the substrate 24 is formed as the second plane 206 of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the lower air guide bars 252 are also elongated along the first direction 001 on the middle partition plate 20 , and a lower main air duct 233 may also be formed between two adjacent lower air guide bars 252 .
  • the upper air guide bars 251 and the lower air guide bars 252 have the same number, and each upper air guide bar 251 is provided with a lower air guide bar 252 correspondingly. Therefore, in this embodiment, a plurality of upper main air ducts 233 arranged side by side and a plurality of lower main air ducts 234 arranged side by side are formed.
  • a part of the cooling air entering from the main air inlet end 231 can circulate along the plurality of upper main air ducts 233, and is used to cool and dissipate the first cell layer 11 located at the first plane 205 of the middle partition plate 20;
  • Another part of the cooling air entered by the wind end 231 can circulate along the plurality of lower main air passages 234 and be used to cool and dissipate the second cell layer 12 located at the second plane 206 of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are also provided.
  • a plurality of notches are opened at the position of the limiting plate 207 , and the plurality of notches are configured as the first air inlet end 211 of the primary air duct 21 .
  • a plurality of notches are also formed on the upper and lower sides of the base plate 24, and the base plate 24 can separate the first primary air duct 21 into the first primary air duct 213 and the first secondary air duct 214 (see FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 ). ).
  • the gap located on the upper side of the base plate 24 can be connected to the first primary air duct 213 .
  • the cooling air enters the first primary air duct 213 , and then flows into the upper air from the first air outlet end 212 .
  • the gap located on the lower side of the base plate 24 is connected to the first secondary air duct 214, and the cooling air enters the first secondary air duct 214 after passing through the gap, and then exits from the first secondary air duct 214.
  • the end 212 flows into the lower main air duct 234 .
  • the second air duct 22 can also be divided into two upper and lower secondary air ducts by the middle partition plate 24 .
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 can also be arranged in the manner of the above-mentioned strong and weak air ducts. That is, at the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 shown in FIG. 22 , they are located farther away from the air outlet side than the first and second air ducts 21 and 22 shown in FIG. 23 . The location of edge 204. Thereby, the primary air duct 21 shown in FIG. 22 is formed in the structure of the first weak secondary air duct 21 b with respect to the primary air duct 21 shown in FIG. 23 .
  • the first air duct 21 in FIG. 23 is represented as a first strong secondary air duct 21a, and the number of upper main air ducts 233 and the number of lower main air ducts 234 connected to the first strong secondary air duct 21a are also both 4.
  • the secondary air duct 22 shown in FIG. 22 is also formed into the structure of the second weak secondary air duct 22 b , and the upper main air duct 233 connected to it is formed. and the number of lower main air ducts 234 are two; while the second air duct 22 shown in FIG. The number of the air ducts 234 is also four. Therefore, in the middle partition plate 20 of the present embodiment, the upper main air duct 233 and the lower main air duct 234 which are respectively connected to the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 near the outlet side 204 are connected to each other.
  • the number is relatively large, and the number of upper main air ducts 233 and lower main air ducts 234 that are connected to the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 away from the air outlet side 204 is relatively small, and the upper main air duct 233 and the lower main air duct 234 are respectively connected.
  • the cooling gas in the duct 233 and the lower main air duct 234 forms an effective supplement.
  • the air supply unit 50 is fixedly connected to the air outlet panel 37 , and the air supply unit 50 can be fixed on the inner side of the air outlet panel 37 close to the air inlet plate 31 , that is, the air supply unit 50 can be located inside the box 30 . Therefore, the box body 30 can protect the air supply unit 50 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the air supply unit 50 may also be located on the side of the air outlet panel 37 away from the air inlet panel 31 . In addition, the air supply unit 50 can be disposed directly facing the air outlet window 371 of the air outlet panel 37, thereby achieving a better air supply effect.
  • the air supply unit 50 is fixed on the connecting plate 39 .
  • the air supply unit 50 is relatively fixed to the air outlet panel 37 through the fixing of the connecting plate 39 and the air outlet panel 37 .
  • a connection hole 391 is formed on the connection plate 39 corresponding to the air supply unit 50 , and the air supply unit 50 can send the air in the box 30 out of the air outlet 371 through the connection hole 391 .
  • the control unit 60 can also be fixed on the connecting plate 39 .
  • the control unit 60 may be electrically connected to the air supply unit 50 for controlling the heat dissipation power of the air supply unit 50 .
  • the control unit 60 can also serve as a battery management system (BMS) of the battery module 100 for managing the cooperation among the battery cells 15 in the battery module 100 .
  • BMS battery management system
  • control unit 60 may also be used as an optimizer and/or a DC conversion device of the battery module 100 .
  • the control unit 60 when the control unit 60 is used as the optimizer of the battery module 100, the control unit 60 may, when some of the battery cells 15 in the battery module 100 fail, or all the battery cells 15 fail, the battery module 100 may fail.
  • the group 100 is switched to a short-circuit state to prevent the battery module 100 from affecting the overall operation of the vehicle.
  • the control unit 60 is used as the DC conversion device of the battery module 100
  • the control unit 60 is used to realize the DC conversion function of the battery module 100 .
  • the control unit 60 may include a cavity 62 and a control panel 61 .
  • the control panel 61 may also be implemented by means of a control chip or the like.
  • the control panel 61 is accommodated in the cavity 62 , and the cavity 62 is used to protect the control panel 61 .
  • the cavity 62 is further provided with an air inlet 621 (see FIG. 26 ) and an air outlet 622 (see FIG. 26 ) for introducing cooling gas into the interior of the cavity 62 to cool the control panel 61 .
  • the air inlet 621 can be communicated with the main air duct 23 , the first air guide groove, or the second air guide groove 423 (see FIG.
  • the air outlet 622 can be communicated with the air outlet window 371 of the air outlet panel 37 . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25 , when the cavity 62 is communicated with the second air guide groove 423 , the cooling gas in the second air guide groove 423 can also cool the control panel 61 , and the air is discharged from the air outlet through the air outlet 622 . Outflow from the panel 37 to achieve heat dissipation to the control panel 61 .
  • the number of control panels 61 is multiple, and the number of corresponding cavities 62 (see FIG. 28 ) is also multiple.
  • the plurality of cavities 62 can be communicated with the first air guide groove, the second air guide groove 423 and the main air duct 23 respectively, and receive the air input from the first air guide groove, the second air guide groove 423 and the main air duct 23 respectively. cooling gas.
  • the cavity 62 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 39 , so the connecting plate 39 can also be regarded as a part of the cavity 62 .
  • the connecting plate 39 is opened to form the air inlet 621 and the air outlet 622, and the cooling gas in the main air duct 23, the first air guide groove, or the second air guide groove 423 can also be introduced into the cavity 62 to achieve Heat dissipation function to the control panel 61 .
  • a plurality of control panels 61 of the control unit 60 can be respectively used to implement a function of the control unit 60, which includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned battery management system, optimizer and DC conversion device.
  • two or more functions of the control unit 60 may also be integrated on the same control panel 61 to realize comprehensive control of the battery module 100 .
  • the box body 30 can also form a reliable housing protection for the control unit 60 , and use the heat dissipation structure in the box body 30 to provide cooling for the control unit 60 .
  • the number of the control panels 61 is two, and the two control panels 61 are both fixed on the connecting plate 39 and arranged on both sides of the air supply unit 50 . That is, for the battery module 100 of the present application, the structure of the control unit 60 is not strictly limited.
  • the control unit 60 can be integrated on a single plate and arranged side by side with the air supply unit 50 , and the control unit 60 is used to implement one or more control functions of the battery module 100 .
  • the control unit 60 can also be set with multiple panels, which are specifically arranged on different control panels 61.
  • the multiple control panels 61 are arranged side by side with the air supply unit 50.
  • the control unit 60 works through the cooperation of each control panel 61 to realize the battery model One or more control functions of group 100.
  • FIG. 27 illustrates a structure of the air outlet panel 37 .
  • This structure can correspond to the embodiment shown in FIG. 26 in which the number of the control panels 61 is two.
  • the number of control panels 61 corresponds to two, and the two control panels 61 are arranged on both sides of the air supply unit 50, and the air outlet panel 37 is also provided with shielding plates on both sides of the air outlet window 371. 372.
  • the area and position of the shielding plate 372 are substantially aligned with the control panel 61 .
  • the shielding plate 372 is further provided with a hinge 373 , and the shielding plate 372 is rotatably connected to the body of the air outlet panel 37 through the hinge 373 .
  • the control panel 61 includes a first control panel 61a and a second control panel 61b, wherein the first control panel 61a serves as the battery management system of the battery module 100 and is located in the air supply unit 50. side.
  • a first cover plate 62a is also provided on the side of the first control panel 61a facing away from the connecting plate 39 as a part of the cavity 62 .
  • the first cover plate 62a is correspondingly disposed on the outer side of the first control panel 61a, and forms a gap with the first control panel 61a for air circulation between the air inlet 621 and the air outlet 622 formed on both sides.
  • the first cover plate 62a also exposes the interface structure 611a of the first control panel 61a correspondingly;
  • a second cover plate 62b is disposed on the side of the second control panel 61b facing away from the connecting plate 39 as a part of the cavity 62.
  • the second cover plate 62b is also correspondingly disposed on the outer side of the second control panel 61b, and is connected with the second control panel 62b.
  • a gap is formed between 61b.
  • the second cover plate 62b also exposes the conductive interface 611b of the second control panel 61b.
  • the main body structure of the air outlet panel 37 is respectively set corresponding to the first control panel 61a and the second control panel 61b.
  • a first hollow hole 374a is formed corresponding to the interface structure 611a of the first control panel 61a
  • a second hollow hole 374b is formed corresponding to the conductive interface 611b of the second control panel 61b.
  • the first hollow hole 374a is used for correspondingly exposing the interface structure 611a, so that after the shielding plate 372 is lifted (as shown in FIG. 30 ), the interface structure 611a can be exposed, which is convenient for wiring and other operations on the first control panel 61a.
  • the battery module 100 is also provided with a conductive wire 71.
  • the conductive interface 611b can be electrically connected to the conductive wire 71 and connected to an external circuit via the conductive wire 71, so that the optimizer can be electrically connected to the external circuit during operation. , the battery module 100 is switched to a short-circuit state.
  • the different functions of the control panel 61 determine the shape and position of its external interface. Therefore, when the function of the control panel 61 changes with requirements, or the arrangement position of the external interfaces in the control panel 61 needs to be adjusted, the corresponding external interfaces (eg, the interface structure 611a and the conductive interface 611b) also need to be relatively matched and adjusted. The specific position of the external interface does not affect the specific function realization of the battery module 100 of the present application.
  • the body structure of the air outlet panel 37 is covered on the sides of the first cover plate 62a and the second cover plate 62b that are away from the first control panel 61a and the second control panel 61b, respectively, and is opposite to the first control panel 61a. It forms a housing protection with the second control panel 61b, so the body of the air outlet panel 37 can also be used as a part of the cavity 62 to guide the flow of the air at the first control panel 61a and the second control panel 61b towards the air supply unit 50 .
  • first cover plate 62a and the body of the air outlet panel 37 can form a cavity 62 corresponding to the first control panel 61a, and the second cover plate 62b and the body of the air outlet panel 37 together form a cavity corresponding to the second control panel 61b. 62.
  • the box body 30 further includes an air outlet panel 32 .
  • the air outlet plate 32 is located between the middle partition plate 20 and the air outlet panel 37 , that is, the air outlet plate 32 is located between the cell assembly 10 and the air outlet panel 37 .
  • the air outlet panel 32 can be enclosed with the air inlet panel 31 , the first side panel 33 , the second side panel 34 , the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 to form a relatively closed space, and accommodate the cell assembly 10 and the middle partition 20 In the relatively closed space, the sealing protection effect of the cell assembly 10 is achieved.
  • the air supply unit 50 is also located between the air outlet panel 32 and the air outlet panel 37 .
  • the connecting plate 39 is located between the air outlet plate 32 and the air outlet panel 37 , so that the inside of the box body 30 is actually divided into two opposite spaces by the air outlet plate 32 .
  • the cell assembly 10 and the middle partition plate 20 are located in one part of the space, and the connecting plate 39, the air supply unit 50 and the control unit 60 are located in another part of the space. It can be understood that because the heat generation of the battery core assembly 10 is relatively large, through the arrangement of the air outlet plate 32, the connecting plate 39, the air supply unit 50 and the control unit 60 can be placed in another space, which is beneficial to ensure The air supply unit 50 and the control unit 60 work normally in a relatively low temperature environment.
  • the air outlet plate 32 is also provided with a main air outlet 321 , and the air in the enclosed space can flow to the air supply unit 50 through the main air outlet 321 , and be The outside of the outlet window 371 is sent out.
  • the main air outlet hole 321 may also be opened corresponding to the position of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the main air outlet hole 321 is opened to the main air outlet end 232 of the main air duct 23 . That is, in the battery module 100 provided by the present application, there are three middle separators 20 disposed in the battery cell assembly 10 .
  • the main air outlet holes 321 on the air outlet plate 32 are also structured into three rows, and each row of the main air outlet holes 321 corresponds to the air outlet side 204 of the middle partition plate 20 (specifically, the main air outlet end on the air outlet side 204). 232) is set, so that the cooling gas flowing out from the main air outlet end 232 of the middle partition plate 20 can relatively smoothly flow from the main air outlet hole 321 to the outside of the air outlet window 371 .
  • the main ventilation holes 381 can also be opened corresponding to the position of the middle partition plate 20 . Specifically, the main ventilation holes 381 are opened to the main air inlet end 231 of the main air duct 23 . It can be seen from FIG. 31 , corresponding to the embodiment in which the battery module 100 of the present application is provided with three middle separators 20 , the main ventilation holes 381 are also configured in three rows, and each row of the main ventilation holes 381 corresponds to one of the middle separators 20 respectively.
  • the air inlet side 203 (specifically, the main air inlet end 231 of the air inlet side 203 ) is provided so that the outside air can relatively smoothly pass from the main air inlet end 231 after entering the inside of the box 30 from the main ventilation hole 381 . into the main air duct 23 to achieve the effect of heat dissipation.
  • the side ventilation holes 382 opened on the first side plate 33 and the second side plate 34 may also correspond to the middle partition plate 20 location settings.
  • the side ventilation holes 382 are also configured in three rows, and the three rows of side ventilation holes 382 are respectively corresponding to the first side edge 201 (specifically, the first air duct) of a middle partition plate.
  • the first air inlet end 211) of 21 is set.
  • the outside air after the outside air enters the inside of the box body 30 from the first side plate 33, it can also relatively smoothly enter the first air duct 21 from the first air inlet end 211, or relatively smoothly enter the first air duct 21 from the second air inlet.
  • the end 221 enters into the second air duct 22 to achieve the effect of heat dissipation.
  • each ventilation hole formed by the main ventilation hole 381 and the side ventilation hole 382 it can be set to the position of the middle partition plate 20 .
  • each ventilation hole corresponds to the position of the middle partition plate 20 , which can be understood as corresponding to the position and size along the third direction 003 .
  • the position and size of the main ventilation holes 381 can also be set along the second direction 002 corresponding to the middle partition plate 20; and for the first side plate 31 and the second side plate 32, the side ventilation holes 381
  • the position and size of the hole 382 are set along the first direction 001 corresponding to the middle partition plate 20 .
  • the side ventilation holes 382 may also correspond to the first section 2011 and the second section The position of segment 2021 is opened. Because the middle partition plate 20 is not provided with the first air duct 21 or the second air duct 22 outside the first section 2011 and the second section 2021, the side ventilation holes 382 correspond to the first section 2011 and the second section 2021.
  • the setting of the second section 2021 can satisfy the air intake requirements of the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 .
  • the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 are also arranged along the third direction 003 on opposite sides of the separator 20 .
  • the top component 35 is located on the side of the first cell layer 11 facing away from the middle separator 20
  • the bottom component 36 is located on the side of the second battery layer 12 facing away from the middle separator 30 .
  • the top assembly 35 is connected between the air inlet plate 31 and the air outlet plate 32
  • the bottom assembly 36 is also connected between the air inlet plate 31 and the air outlet plate 32 .
  • the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 can also form a reliable protection for the cell assembly 10 to prevent water vapor, dust, etc. from entering along the third direction 003.
  • the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 can also form a reliable protection for the cell assembly 10 to prevent water vapor, dust, etc. from entering along the third direction 003.
  • the case 30 Inside the case 30 .
  • the top assembly 35 includes a top panel 351 .
  • the top panel 351 is also provided with a plurality of through-hole structures.
  • the top panel 351 may not be provided with a through-hole structure, and may be formed into a complete planar shape.
  • the top assembly 35 further includes a top support plate 352 and a plurality of top support bars 353 .
  • the top support plate 352 is spaced apart from and fixedly connected to the top panel 351 , and a plurality of top support bars 353 are disposed on the top support plate 352 at intervals along the first direction 001 .
  • a plurality of top support bars 353 can also be fixedly connected to the top panel 351 .
  • each top support bar 353 also extends along the second direction 002, and each top support bar 353 is also provided with a plurality of top ventilation holes 354.
  • the plurality of top ventilation holes 354 also extend along the second direction.
  • a top airflow channel penetrating in the first direction 001 is formed inside the top assembly 35.
  • the external air can enter the top airflow channel from the through-hole structure, and pass through the top through-hole air holes 354 on each top support plate 352 in sequence to reach the air outlet plate 32 places.
  • the air outlet plate 32 is further provided with secondary air outlet holes 322 .
  • the gas in the top airflow channel can be discharged out of the box 30 by the air supply unit 50 through the secondary air outlet hole 322 .
  • the top support plate 352 needs to be disposed close to the cell assembly 10, so as to transfer the temperature of the cell assembly 10 to the top support plate 352, and carry the heat to the top support plate 352 through the cooling gas in the top airflow channel. away from the box 30.
  • secondary ventilation holes 383 may also be provided on the air inlet plate 31 .
  • the position of the secondary ventilation hole 383 corresponds to the position of the top assembly 35, and the specific position of the secondary ventilation hole 383 corresponds to the position of the top airflow channel, so that the cooling gas can also enter the top airflow channel from the side of the air inlet plate 31.
  • the bottom assembly 36 is also provided with a bottom panel 361 and a bottom support plate 362 , and the bottom panel 361 and the bottom support plate 362 are fixed at intervals.
  • the bottom panel 361 and/or the bottom support plate 362 can also be fixedly provided with a plurality of spaced bottom support bars (not shown in the figure), and each bottom support A bottom airflow channel is formed inside the bottom assembly 36 .
  • the bottom airflow channel also extends along the first direction 011 for realizing the function of dissipating heat to the cell assembly 10 .
  • the secondary ventilation holes 383 of the air inlet plate 31 can also be arranged corresponding to the bottom airflow channel, and the secondary air outlet 322 of the air outlet plate 32 can also be arranged corresponding to the bottom airflow channel.
  • the cooling gas can enter the bottom airflow channel through the secondary air vent 383 and be discharged from the case 30 through the secondary air outlet 322 to realize heat dissipation of the cell assembly 10 .
  • a plurality of through-hole structures may also be formed on the bottom panel 361 to assist the air intake of the bottom airflow channel.
  • the middle separator 20 is used to realize the heat dissipation function on the opposite sides between the two stacked battery core layers.
  • the two planes facing away from each other of the cell assembly 10 achieve heat dissipation through the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel respectively.
  • the arrangement of the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel increases the heat dissipation area of the battery core assembly 10, which can further improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery module 100 of the present application.
  • the top support plate 352 and the bottom support plate 362 may also be attached to the cell assembly 10 respectively, so as to directly conduct heat to the cell assembly 10 .
  • the top assembly 35 is further provided with a top insulating film 355, and the top insulating film 355 is located between the top support plate 352 and the cell assembly 10 to prevent the current of the cell assembly 10 from being conducted to the top assembly
  • the bottom component 36 is also provided with a bottom insulating film 365, and the bottom insulating film 365 is located between the bottom support plate 362 and the cell component 10, and is also used to realize the insulating effect of the bottom component 36.
  • an insulating film or an insulating member structure can also be provided between each of them and the cell assembly 10, for Electric leakage is prevented and the safety of the battery module 100 of the present application is guaranteed.
  • the sum of the areas of the secondary ventilation holes 383 is also set to be smaller than the sum of the areas of the main ventilation holes 381 .
  • the sum of the areas referred to here can be understood as the sum of the areas of the single row of secondary ventilation holes 383 and the sum of the areas of the single row of main ventilation holes 381 .
  • the position of the main ventilation holes 381 corresponds to the position of the middle partition plate 20, so the sum of the area of the single row of the main ventilation holes 381 can determine the flow rate of the cooling gas entering the main air duct 23 in the single middle partition plate 20 size.
  • the secondary ventilation holes 383 can be provided corresponding to the top component 35 or the bottom component 36, so the sum of the areas of a single row of secondary ventilation holes 383 can determine the flow rate of cooling gas in the top airflow channel or the bottom airflow channel.
  • the middle separator 20 needs to dissipate heat from the two stacked cell layers (such as the first cell layer 11 and the second cell layer 12 ) at the same time, while the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel only dissipate heat to one cell layer, respectively.
  • the top airflow channel dissipates heat to the first cell layer 11
  • the bottom airflow channel dissipates heat to the fourth cell layer 14 .
  • the sum of the areas of the secondary ventilation holes 383 is the same as the sum of the areas of the main ventilation holes 381, or the sum of the areas of the secondary ventilation holes 383 is greater than the sum of the areas of the main ventilation holes 381, it will cause the cell assembly 10 to be close to the top.
  • the component 35 and the two cell layers close to the bottom component 36 have better heat dissipation effects, while the cell layer located in the middle of the cell assembly 10 (in this embodiment, the second cell layer 12 and the third cell layer 13 )
  • the cooling effect is relatively poor. Therefore, it is disadvantageous to control the temperature difference between the various cell layers in the cell assembly 10 .
  • the ratio of the sum of the area of the single row of secondary ventilation holes 383 to the sum of the area of the single row of primary ventilation holes 381 is in the range of 40% to 80%, preferably 60%; and/or, set The ratio of the sum of the areas of the single-row secondary air outlet holes 322 to the sum of the areas of the single-row primary air outlet holes 321 ranges from 40% to 80%, preferably 60%. All of these can make the temperature difference between each cell layer in the battery module 100 smaller.
  • the first through hole 412 is also provided on the first insulating cover plate 41 .
  • the first through hole 412 penetrates the first insulating cover plate 41 along the second direction 002, so that the air outside the first side plate 33 can pass through the first insulating cover plate 41 and enter the first air duct 21; the second insulating cover The plate 42 is also provided with a second through hole 422 (see FIG. 37 ) to achieve the effect that the air outside the second side plate 34 passes through the second insulating cover plate 42 and enters the second air duct 22 .
  • the second through holes 422 are substantially strip-shaped, and the strip-shaped second through holes 422 extend along the first direction 001 .
  • the number of the second through holes 422 is also three, the three second through holes 422 are arranged at intervals, and the position of each second through hole 422 corresponds to the position of one middle partition plate 20 , that is, each second through hole 422 422 is set corresponding to the position of the row of side ventilation holes 382 on the second side plate 34 .
  • Such an arrangement facilitates the entry of external air into the secondary air duct 22 through the side ventilation holes 382 and the second through holes 422 successively.
  • the plurality of bus bars 45 on the second insulating cover plate 42 are respectively disposed corresponding to the respective cell units 15 in the cell assembly 10 (as shown in FIG. 39 ), for conducting Each cell unit 15 is connected.
  • the second insulating cover plate 42 further includes a second outer surface 412 facing away from the cell assembly 10 , that is, the second outer surface 412 is disposed facing the second side plate 34 .
  • the second outer surface 412 is further provided with a plurality of second air guide grooves 423, the plurality of second air guide grooves 423 are respectively communicated with the second through holes 422, and the plurality of second air guide grooves 423 are also along the first direction 001. extend.
  • the first insulating cover plate 41 also includes a first outer surface (not shown) facing away from the cell assembly 10 .
  • a plurality of first air guide grooves may also be provided on the first outer surface, the plurality of first air guide grooves are respectively communicated with the first through holes 412, and the plurality of first air guide grooves are also further along the One direction 001 extends. Therefore, part of the cooling gas entering the box body 30 from the side ventilation holes 382 on the first side plate 33 may also flow into the first air duct 21 to dissipate heat to the cell assembly 10; The first air guide grooves flow to achieve heat dissipation to each bus bar 45 at the first insulating cover plate 41 .
  • each air guide hole 392 is connected to a first air guide groove or a second air guide groove 423, so that the first air guide groove and the second air guide groove 423 are connected.
  • the cooling gas in the second air guide grooves 423 can flow out of the casing 30 through the air outlet window 371 .
  • the cell assembly 10 includes three cell layers (shown as a first cell layer 11 , a second cell layer 12 and a third cell layer 13 in the figure), and two middle cell layers. Separator 20. Further, referring to FIG. 42 , each cell layer includes six cell units 15 . The six cell units 15 are arranged in three rows and two columns. And in the second direction 002, two adjacent cell units 15 are disposed opposite to each other. The positive electrode 151 and the negative electrode 152 of each cell unit 15 are exposed on its outer surface facing away from the other cell unit 15 . In the first direction 001, the positive electrodes 151 and the negative electrodes 152 of two adjacent battery cells 15 are arranged adjacently. However, between two adjacent cell layers, that is, between two adjacent cell units 15 stacked along the third direction 003, the positive electrodes 151 and the negative electrodes 152 thereof are opposite to each other.
  • FIG. 43 Please refer to FIG. 43 for details. After the structures of the first insulating cover plate 41 and the second insulating cover plate 42 are hidden, it can be seen that a plurality of bus bars 45 are connected between the respective cell units 15 for connecting cells located on the same side.
  • the battery cells 15 are connected in series as a whole.
  • the bus bars 45 arranged in the longitudinal direction along the first direction 001 are connected between two adjacent cell units 15 in the same cell layer, while the bus bars 45 arranged in the longitudinal direction along the third direction 003 are connected to different between the upper and lower cell units 15 of the cell layer.
  • the figure only illustrates the arrangement of the cell units 15 on one side of the cell assembly 10 and the arrangement of the bus bars 45 , and on the other side not shown in the figure, each cell unit 15 is also connected in series through the bus bars 45 . circuit.
  • the bus bar 45 is also provided with a short bus bar 451 and a long bus bar 452 .
  • the short bus bar 451 and the long bus bar 452 are respectively located at the head and tail ends of the series circuit on one side.
  • the short bus bar 451 includes a first power connection leg 453
  • the long bus bar 452 includes a second power connection leg 454 .
  • the first power connection leg 453 and the second power connection leg 454 are respectively bent relative to the segment bus bar 451 and the long bus bar 452 , and are located on one side of each cell layer along the first direction 001 . That is, in the illustration of FIG. 43 , the bus bars 45 on both sides each include a short bus bar 451 , and at the same time each include a long bus bar 452 .
  • One pair of the first power receiving legs 453 and the second power receiving legs 454 are located on the side of the battery cell assembly 10 close to the air outlet panel 37 , and the other pair of the first power receiving legs 453 and the second power receiving legs 454 are located on the side of the battery cell
  • the assembly 10 is close to the side of the air inlet plate 31 .
  • the matched pairs of the first power connection legs 453 and the second power connection legs 454 are also arranged at intervals along the third direction 003 .
  • the cell assembly 10 Each cell unit 15 is also connected in series. Further, the first power connection legs 453 and the second power connection legs 454 near the position of the air outlet panel 37 can also be connected with the second control panel 61b shown in FIG. 29, or with the conductive wire 71 shown in FIG. Further, the cell assembly 10 is electrically connected with the external circuit.
  • the structure of the middle partition plate 20 of this embodiment is similar to the structure of the middle partition plate 20 shown in FIG. 4 . It also has a plurality of main air ducts 23 , and the plurality of main air ducts 23 are formed by a structure in which upper main air ducts 233 and lower main air ducts 234 are alternated. Further, the middle partition plate 20 of this embodiment is also provided with a first air duct 21 and a second secondary air duct 22, which extend from opposite sides toward the middle of the middle partition plate 20 and communicate with a plurality of main air ducts. twenty three. Further, please refer to Figure 44 and Figure 45 for synchronization.
  • the intermediate plate 20 further includes a first support bar 261 , a second support bar 262 and two third support bars 263 .
  • the first support bar 261 is located at the first side edge 201
  • the second support bar 262 is located at the second side edge 202
  • the two third support bars 263 are located between the first side edge 201 and the second side edge 202, Specifically, the two third support bars 263 are located in the middle of the middle partition plate 20 along the second direction 002 .
  • the first support bar 261 , the second support bar 262 and the third support bar 263 all extend along the first direction 001 , and the first support bar 261 , the second support bar 262 and the third support bar 263 are used together to form a middle partition 20 of the first plane 205 and the second plane 206.
  • the first support bar 261 , the second support bar 262 and the third support bar 263 are jointly used for attaching and supporting the cell layers located on the upper and lower sides of the intermediate plate 20 .
  • the third support bar 263 near the first side 201 cooperates with the first support bar 261 for supporting the cell unit 15 on one side
  • the third support bar 263 near the second side 202 cooperates with the second support bar 263 .
  • the supporting bars 262 are matched to support the battery cell unit 15 on the other side.
  • the two third support bars 263 are arranged at intervals, and the structure of the base plate 24 is also arranged therebetween, so as to form an upper main air duct 233 and a lower main air duct 234 in the middle partition plate 20 .
  • a plurality of notches are also opened at the second support bar 262 for forming the second air inlet end 221 of the second air duct 22 .
  • the first support bar 261 may also have a plurality of notches for forming the first air inlet end 211 of the first air duct 21 .
  • the structure of the first support bar 261, the second support bar 262 and the third support bar 263 raises the mating surface of the middle partition plate 20 and the cell unit 15, and the gap between the main air duct 23 and the cell unit can be tolerated More cooling gas flows through. At the same time, the requirements on the external dimensions of each of the upper main air duct 233 and the lower main air duct 234 are also reduced, so that each cell unit 15 can be more stably attached to the middle partition 20 .
  • each of the primary air ducts 21 and the secondary air ducts 22 in this embodiment has the same number of main air ducts 23 that are communicated with each other.
  • the distances arranged between the plurality of first air ducts 21 and the arranged distances between the plurality of second air ducts 22 respectively form differences.
  • the distance between the first air ducts 21 located near the outlet side 204 of the middle partition plate 20 is greater than the distance between the first air ducts 21 located far from the outlet side 204 distance. That is, the distances between the primary air ducts 21 are relatively distant at positions close to the wind outlet side 204 , and relatively dense at positions far from the wind outlet side 204 .
  • the arrangement of the second air ducts 22 is also similar to the arrangement of the first air ducts 21 , and the relative distance of the second air ducts 22 near the air outlet side 204 is relatively far away from the air outlet side.
  • the relative distance of the secondary air ducts 22 at the side 204 is relatively short.
  • the number of cell layers of the cell assembly 10 in this embodiment is reduced, and the overall thickness thereof is reduced.
  • the flow rate of the cooling gas is relatively fast, and the heat dissipation effect is relatively improved.
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 in the corresponding area are The arrangement distance is reduced, more cooling gas can be introduced into the cell unit 15 located in the middle of the cell layer, its heat dissipation effect is improved, and the heat dissipation effect of each cell unit 15 in the cell layer tends to be consistent.
  • the battery module 100 is further provided with an end support frame 47 .
  • the end support frame 47 is located at the outer surface of the cell assembly 10 close to the air outlet panel 37 and/or close to the air inlet panel 31 .
  • the end support frame 47 is connected between the top assembly 35 and the bottom assembly 36 together with the first support frame 43 and the second support frame 44 , and is used for tensioning the cell assembly 10 . Because of the arrangement of the two columns of cell units 15 in the cell layer, the size of the cell layer in the second direction 002 increases. After the end support frame 47 is provided, the overall structural stability of the battery module 100 can be enhanced. sex.
  • the end support frame 47 may be disposed corresponding to the middle section of the middle partition plate 20 , that is, the end support frame 47 may be disposed corresponding to the area of the third support bar 263 to prevent the end support frame 47 from flowing through the cell unit 15 .
  • the main air duct 23 forms a shield, which affects the heat dissipation effect.
  • the arrangement of the cell units 15 is the same as the arrangement of the cell units 15 in FIG. 42 , both in three rows and two columns. arrangement. A structure in which two middle separators 20 are also arranged between the three rows of cell layers.
  • the cell assembly 10 in this embodiment further includes an upper partition plate 20a and a lower partition plate 20b.
  • the upper separator 20a and the lower separator 20b are arranged on both sides of the cell layer along the third direction 003, that is, the upper separator 20a is located between the cell layer and the top component 35, so that the top component 35 and the cell layer are separated. A gap for ventilation and heat dissipation is formed between them; the lower partition plate 20b is located between the cell layer and the bottom component 36, so that a gap for ventilation and heat dissipation is also formed between the bottom component 36 and the cell layer.
  • the structure of the middle partition plate 20 in this embodiment is similar to the structure of the middle partition plate 20 in the above-mentioned FIG. 17 .
  • Limiting plates 207 are respectively extended in two opposite directions at the peripheral edge positions of the middle partition plate 20 to limit the positions of the respective cell layers. Further, at the positions of the first side edge 201 and the second side edge 202, a plurality of sub-limiting plates 207a are also extended for limiting the position of the cell units 15 in each cell layer.
  • a structure of a limit plate 207 is added, and the limit plate 207 is used to limit the relative positions between the two rows of battery cells 15 .
  • a plurality of sub-limiting plates 207a are also arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 at the limiting plate 207 located in the middle of the middle partition plate 20, and the sub-limiting plates 207a are arranged in pairs, each pair of sub-limiting plates The plates 207a are located on opposite sides of the limiting plate 207, respectively.
  • the sub-limiting plate 207a located in the middle of the middle partition plate 20 cooperates with the sub-limiting plates 207a located at the first side 201 and the second side 202, and is used to respectively limit the two electrical devices that are side by side along the second direction 002.
  • the relative positions between the core units 15 are also arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 at the limiting plate 207 located in the middle of the middle partition plate 20, and the sub-limiting plates 207a are arranged in pairs, each pair of sub-limiting plates The plates 207a are located on opposite sides of the limiting plate 207, respectively.
  • the sub-limiting plate 207a located in the middle of the middle partition plate 20 cooperate
  • the upper partition plate 20a its general structure is the same as that of the middle partition plate 20 shown in FIG. 51, the only difference is that the limiting plate 207 at the upper partition plate 20a only extends toward one side along the third direction 003 , each sub-limiting plate 207a also only extends in the same direction, because only one side of the upper partition plate 20a is matched with the cell layer, so the limiting plate 207 and the sub-limiting plate 207a only need to extend towards this side, The function of limiting the position of each cell unit 15 in the cell layer by the upper separator 20a is realized.
  • the upper baffle 20a is only constructed as a half of the structure of the middle baffle 20, which can form the positioning effect on the cell layer, and provide the main air duct 23, the first air duct 21 and the second air duct. 22.
  • the effect of heat dissipation on the cell layer it can be understood that the structure of the lower partition plate 20b and the upper partition plate 20a are roughly the same, and the extension direction of the limit plate 207 and the sub-limit plate 207a on the lower partition plate 20b is the same as that of the upper partition plate.
  • the extending direction of 20a is opposite, so that even the lower baffle 20b can achieve similar positioning and heat dissipation effects as the upper baffle 20a.
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 of the middle partition plate 20 are arranged in the form of strong and weak secondary air ducts, that is, close to the air outlet side.
  • the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 on the side of 204, the number of the main air ducts 23 connected to it is relatively far from the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 on the side of the outlet side 204
  • the number of connected main air ducts 23 is larger. Because the structure of the upper partition plate 20a and the lower partition plate 20b is added in the cell assembly 10 of this embodiment, the heat dissipation effect of the cell unit 15 located in the middle position along the first direction 001 is relatively improved.
  • the arrangement of the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 in the manner of air duct can also ensure that the temperature of each cell unit 15 in the cell assembly 10 is relatively balanced.
  • the air supply unit 50 is realized by a fan 51 .
  • the number of fans 51 is two, and the two fans 51 are arranged side by side along the third direction 003 .
  • the control unit 60 can be electrically connected with the two fans 51, and respectively drive the two fans 51 to rotate, so as to send the cooling air in the box 30 out of the air outlet window 371.
  • the control panel 61 in the control unit 60 is electrically connected to the two fans 51 respectively.
  • the number of fans 51 may be arbitrarily set based on heat dissipation requirements, that is, only one fan 51 may be provided, or multiple fans 51 may be provided.
  • the multiple fans 51 may be arranged along the third direction 003 , or may be arranged in any manner, so as to meet the heat dissipation requirements of different cell assemblies 10 . It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the air supply unit 50 may also be implemented by a blower, an air extraction device, or an exhaust device.
  • a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) may also be provided in the battery module 100 of the present application.
  • the temperature sensor may be provided corresponding to the battery cell assembly 10 and electrically connected to the control panel 61 .
  • the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the cell assembly 10 in real time. After the control panel 61 is connected to the temperature data sensed by the temperature sensor, the speed or power of the fan 51 can be controlled to adjust the cooling effect in real time.
  • multiple temperature sensors may be provided, and the multiple temperature sensors are located at different positions of the cell assembly 10 to monitor the real-time temperature of different parts of the cell assembly 10 respectively.
  • four temperature sensors may be provided, and the four temperature sensors are provided corresponding to the first cell layer 11 , the second cell layer 12 , the third cell layer 13 and the fourth cell layer 14 respectively, so as to monitor different cells respectively. layer temperature.
  • the control panel 61 can adjust the heat dissipation effect of different cell layers by controlling the speed or power of different fans 51 , so as to balance the temperature between different cell layers and reduce the power consumption.
  • the fan 51 includes a first fan 511 and two second fans 512 .
  • the first fan 511 and the two second fans 512 are arranged side by side along the third direction 003 , and the first fan 511 is located between the two second fans 512 .
  • the exhaust power of the first fan 511 is greater than the exhaust power of the second fan 512.
  • the fan blades of the first fan 511 may have a larger area than those of the second fan 512, and/or the rotation speed of the first fan 511 may be higher than that of the second fan 511.
  • the rotational speed of the second fan 512 is greater. Therefore, when the air blowing unit 50 is in operation, the cooling gas discharged by the first fan 511 is larger than the cooling gas discharged by the second fan 512 .
  • the number of the second fans 512 is four, wherein two second fans 512 are arranged side by side along the second direction 002 and are located between the first fan 511 and the top assembly 35; two second fans 512 are arranged side by side along the second direction 002. The fans 512 are arranged side by side along the second direction 002 between the first fan 511 and the bottom assembly 35 .
  • the cell layers near the center of the stack have a worse heat dissipation effect than the cell layers near the two sides of the stack. Therefore, a first fan 511 with a larger exhaust power is provided at the position of the cell layer corresponding to the center of the stack, and a second fan 512 with a smaller exhaust power is provided at the position of the cell layer corresponding to both sides of the stack, so that the The cooling gas flow rate is faster in the middle separator 20 between the cell layers at the center of the stack, corresponding to the middle separator 20 between the cell layers at the two sides of the stack, and/or the top airflow channel and the bottom airflow channel The cooling gas flow rate inside is slower. As a result, the heat dissipation effect between the cell layers in different parts can be adjusted, and the temperature consistency between the cell layers in the cell assembly 10 can be improved.

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池模组,包括箱体、第一电芯层、第二电芯层、中隔板和送风单元。第一电芯层、中隔板和第二电芯层依次层叠固定于箱体内。中隔板内设主风道、第一次风道和第二次风道,主风道贯穿中隔板,第一次风道和第二次风道分别连通于主风道与第一侧边与第二侧边之间。箱体上开设有第一透气孔和第二透气孔。送风单元与箱体固定连接,送风单元用于将中隔板内的空气经第一透气孔排出箱体的外部。本申请电池模组中的中隔板可以实现三面进风,一面出风的散热效果,对第一电芯层和第二电芯层的冷却能力更强,进而减小电池模组的温差,提升电池模组的使用寿命。本申请还涉及一种配备该电池模组的交通工具。

Description

电池模组和交通工具
本申请要求于2021年1月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为PCT/CN2021/074157、申请名称为“电池模组和交通工具”的国际申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种电池模组,以及一种配备该电池模组的交通工具。
背景技术
电池模组由于其应用的灵活性、可靠性、高能量密度等特点,在发电侧和用电侧都得到快速发展,装机容量也显著提升。尤其是电动车领域对以锂离子电池为代表的化学电池的需求强烈,带来了电池模组的快速发展。
但电动车等产品为了控制自身体积,并同时追求更大的储能电量,必然会压缩电池模组的散热空间。电池模组内部的电芯多采用堆叠式布置,存在不可避免的热级联效应,会导致电芯之间温差过大。电池模组长期工作后,高温电芯与低温电芯的健康状态(state of health,SOH)存在明显差异。电池模组的储能电量受健康状态最低的电芯制约,其可使用的电容量降低会导致电池模组整体储能电量下降。由此可能造成配备电池模组的电动车等产品续航能力下降较快。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种能保持电芯之间温差的电池模组,以及一种配备该电池模组的交通工具。本申请具体包括如下技术方案:
一种电池模组,包括箱体、第一电芯层、第二电芯层、中隔板和送风单元;第一电芯层、中隔板和第二电芯层层叠固定于箱体内,且中隔板位于第一电芯层和第二电芯层之间;中隔板包括第一侧边和第二侧边,第一侧边和第二侧边均沿第一方向延伸;中隔板内还设有主风道、第一次风道和第二次风道,主风道沿第一方向贯穿中隔板,第一次风道连通于主风道,且另一端延伸至第一侧边,第二次风道连通于主风道,且另一端延伸至第二侧边;
箱体开设有第一透气孔和第二透气孔,第一透气孔和第二透气孔分别位于中隔板的两侧,并排布于第一方向,送风单元与箱体固定固定连接,用于将中隔板内的空气经第一透气孔排出至箱体的外部。
在本申请电池模组中,通过箱体收容并固定第一电芯层和第二电芯层,并在第一电芯层和第二电芯层之间固定有中隔板。通过中隔板中设置的主风道、第一次风道和第二次风道,可以对第一电芯层和第二电芯层分别形成通风散热。其中,通过在箱体上分别设置第一透气孔和第二透气孔,且第一透气孔和第二透气孔沿第一方向分列中隔板的两侧,使得 中隔板的主风道、第一次风道和第二次风道可以分别从不同方向进气,并通过送风单元将中隔板内的气体从第一透气孔排出箱体外。
由此,本申请电池模组中的中隔板在对第一电芯层和第二电芯层进行空气冷却时,可以分别从三个不同方向进气,其中第一次风道和第二次风道内的气体可以对主风道内的气体形成补充,进而避免气流沿单一路径流通的过程中,因为气温逐步升高而造成散热效果逐步降低的不良现象。同时,冷却气体在流经第一次风道和第二次风道的过程中,也对第一次风道和第二次风道对应的区域形成散热冷却。由此,第一电芯层和第二电芯层的冷却效果更均匀,能够避免因为热级联效应而造成电池模组整体储能电量下降的现象,进而提升电池模组的使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中,箱体包括入风板、出风面板、第一侧板和第二侧板;入风板和出风面板沿第一方向分列中隔板的两侧,且第一透气孔位于出风面板上;第一侧板和第二侧板分别连接于入风板和出风面板之间,且第一侧板位于第一侧边背离主风道一侧,第二侧板位于第二侧边背离主风道一侧。
在本实现方式中,利用入风板、出风面板、第一侧板和第二侧板围设出箱体,可以收容第一电芯层、第二电芯层以及中隔板。且第一透气孔设置于出风面板上,能够通过送风单元朝向第一透气孔送风,使得冷却气体从第二透气孔进入到箱体内后,至少经主风道的方向流过中隔板,然后从第二透气孔流出箱体外部。相对应的,第二透气孔则位于入风板上,入风板外部的空气可以从第二透气孔补入箱体内部。
在一种可能的实现方式中,主风道的数量为多条,多条主风道沿第二方向排列于中隔板内,且第二方向垂直于第一方向。
在本实现方式中,设置多条主风道并排延伸,可以增大中隔板对第一电芯层和第二电芯层的冷却面积,进而实现更好的冷却效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道的数量为多条,多条第一次风道沿第一方向间隔排列;第二次风道的数量也为多条,多条第二次风道也沿第一方向间隔排列。
在本实现方式中,设置多条第一次风道和第二次风道,也可以增大中隔板相对两侧的进风量,进而使得中隔板相对两侧的空气能更多进入到主风道中,对主风道中的空气形成补充,并降低主风道中用于冷却气体的温度。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道包括第一强次风道和第一弱次风道,第一强次风道位于第一弱次风道和出风面板之间,且第一强次风道连通的主风道的数量,大于或等于第一弱次风道连通的主风道的数量;
第二次风道也包括第二强次风道和第二弱次风道,第二强次风道位于第二弱次风道和出风面板之间,且第二强次风道连通的主风道的数量,大于或等于第二弱次风道连通的主风道的数量。
在本实现方式中,通过设置第一强次风道和第一弱次风道,并使得第一强次风道连通的主风道的数量大于或等于第一弱次风道连通的主风道的数量,可以使得在主风道的延伸方向上,越靠近出风面板处引入的第一侧边方向的空气越多。由于主风道中的气体温度会随流通路径的延伸而逐渐升高,因此通过本实施例的设置,可以在主风道中气体温度更高的位置引入更多的低温空气,对主风道中的散热空气形成补充,提升中隔板的散热效率; 相应的,第二次风道设置为第二强次风道和第二弱次风道,也可以实现类似的效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,位于靠近出风侧边位置的第一次风道之间的距离,大于位于远离出风侧边位置的第一次风道之间的距离;位于靠近出风侧边处的第二次风道之间的距离,大于位于远离出风侧边处的第二次风道之间的距离。
在本实现方式中,第一次风道和第二次风道之间的距离设置,可以加强电芯层中部位置的电芯单元的散热效果,进而使得电芯层中各个电芯单元的散热效果趋于一致。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道和第二次风道之间至少间隔有一个主风道。
在本实现方式中,通过上述设置,可以保证至少一个主风道不会与第一次风道连通,也不会与第二次风道连通。由此沿主风道路径流动的气体可以通过该至少一个主风道流出中隔板,并通过出气窗流出箱体。这样的设置可以避免因为第一次风道和/或第二次风道产生的横向气流阻碍主风道内气体的流通,造成主风道内气体流量过小的缺陷。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一侧边设有第一区段,第一区段位于第一侧边靠近出风面板一侧,第一次风道位于第一区段内,且第一区段沿第一方向的长度h1与第一侧边的长度H1满足条件:h1≤3/4H1;第二侧边设有第二区段,第二区段位于第二侧边靠近出风面板一侧,第二次风道位于第二区段内,且第二区段沿第一方向的长度h2与第二侧边的长度H2满足条件:h2≤3/4H2。
在本实现方式中,第一区段和第二区段分别位于相较于入风板较远的一侧设置,以使得主风道内的气体在初始进入中隔板时,不会受到第一次风道和第二次风道气体的影响。因为主风道内的气体的初始温度较低,且流通路径相对较短,第一次风道和第二次风道无需介入即可实现较好的散热效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,主风道包括上主风道和下主风道,上主风道设有朝向第一电芯层的开口,下主风道设有朝向第二电芯层的开口,且两个上主风道之间,至少设有一个下主风道。
在本实现方式中,通过上主风道和下主风道的设置,可以使得上主风道对第一电芯层形成更好的冷却效果,而下主风道对第二电芯层形成更好的冷却效果。而在两个上主风道之间设置至少一个下主风道,可以实现上主风道和下主风道的交叉设置,主风道对第一电芯层和第二电芯层的冷却效果更均匀。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道具有相对的第一进风端和第一出风端,第一进风端连通第一侧边,第一出风端连通主风道,第一出风端在第一侧边上的投影位于第一进风端和出风面板之间;
第二次风道具有相对的第二进风端和第二出风端,第二进风端连通第二侧边,第二出风端连通主风道,第二出风端在第二侧边上的投影位于第二进风端和出风面板之间。
在本实现方式中,第一次风道的第一出风端相较于第一进风端更靠近出风面板的位置,或二者平齐,使得从第一次风道进入主风道中的空气流通路径的最大拐弯角度保持在90度以内,有利于第一次风道内空气的流通;相应的,第二次风道的第二出风端相较于第二进风端也更靠近出风面板的位置,也可以实现类似的效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,中隔板在第一侧边和第二侧边位置还设有限位板,限位板沿垂直于中隔板平面的方向相背延伸,用以限制各个电芯层与中隔板之间的相对位置。
在本实现方式中,限位板可以突出于各个电芯层的侧壁位置,用于限制各个电芯层相对于中隔板的位移。
在一种可能的实现方式中,中隔板还设有子限位板,子限位板沿第一侧边间隔设置,并同时沿第二侧边间隔设置,子限位板用于限制各个电芯层中的电芯单元与中隔板之间的相对位置。
在本实现方式中,子限位板可以沿第一侧边和第二侧边的长度方向间隔排列,并用于限制各个电芯单元相对于中隔板的位移。
在一种可能的实现方式中,限位板上设有多个缺口,多个缺口用于形成第一次风道的第一进风端,以及用于形成第二次风道的第二进风端。
在一种可能的实现方式中,中隔板包括基板和导风条,导风条凸设于基板上,并用于与基板合围形成主风道。
在一种可能的实现方式中,导风条位于中隔板的相对两侧,并分别凸设于基板上,一侧的导风条与基板合围形成上主风道,另一侧的导风条与基板合围形成下主风道。
在本实现方式中,利用导风条与基板配合的方式,可以调整到上主风道和下主风道的相对位置,在一些实现方式中还可以使得上主风道与下主风道相对于基板对称设置。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道包括第一上次风道和第一下次风道,且第一上次风道和第一下次风道分列基板的上下两侧;第二次风道包括第二上次风道和第二下次风道,且第二上次风道和第二下次风道分列基板的上下两侧。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电芯层内的电芯单元呈单列排布。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电芯层内的电芯单元呈双列排布,且并排的两个电芯单元相背设置。
在本实现方式中,电芯单元的正极和负极位于同一侧,而相背排布的两个电芯单元可以在各自远离的一侧表面上露出其正极和负极。
在一种可能的实现方式中,中隔板包括第一支撑条、第二支撑条以及两个第三支撑条。其中第一支撑条位于第一侧边处,第二支撑条位于第二侧边处,两个第三支撑条则位于第一侧边和第二侧边之间。
在本实现方式中,第一支撑条、第二支撑条和第三支撑条共同用于贴合并支撑位于中隔板上下两侧的电芯层。其中,靠近第一侧边的第三支撑条与第一支撑条配合,用于支撑一侧的电芯单元,而靠近第二侧边的第三支撑条则与第二支撑条配合,用于支撑另一侧的电芯单元。
在一种可能的实现方式中,中隔板中限位板的数量为三个,其中两个限位板分别位于第一侧边和第二侧边处,第三个限位板位于两个限位板之间的中部位置。
在本实施例中,对应到电芯层中有两排电芯单元的结构,增加的限位板可用于限定两排电芯单元之间的相对位置。
在一种可能的实现方式中,在位于中隔板中部的限位板处,也间隔排列有多个子限位板,且子限位板成对设置,每一对子限位板分别位于限位板的相对两侧。
在本实现方式中,位于中隔板中部的子限位板则与位于第一侧边和第二侧边处的子限位板相互配合,用于分别限定并排的两个电芯单元之间的相对位置。
在一种可能的实现方式中,汇流排用于串联同一侧的电芯单元,且汇流排包括短汇流排和长汇流排,短汇流排与长汇流排分列该串联电路的首尾两端。
在一种可能的实现方式中,短汇流排包括第一接电支脚,长汇流排包括第二接电支脚。第一接电支脚和第二接电支脚分别相对于段汇流排和长汇流排弯折,并同位于各个电芯层的一侧。
在本实现方式中,第一接电支脚和第二接电支脚的设置,有利于实现两侧电芯单元之间的串联,并实现电芯模组与外部电路的电性连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一侧板和第二侧板上还设有第三透气孔。
在本实现方式中,通过在第一侧板和第二侧板上分别设置第三透气孔,使得中隔板的第一次风道和第二次风道可以分别从各自靠近的箱体外侧进气,缩减了外部冷却气体进入中隔板内的流通路径,提升中隔板的散热效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第二透气孔对应中隔板的位置开设,第三透气孔分别对应第一次风道和第二次风道的位置开设。
在本实现方式中,第二透气孔对应中隔板的位置开设,箱体外的空气可以经第二透气孔进入主风道中;第三透气孔对应第一次风道和第二次风道的位置开设,也便于箱体外的空气经第三透气孔进入第一次风道和第二次风道中。
在一种可能的实现方式中,箱体还包括出风板,出风板位于中隔板和出风面板之间,出风板上还开设有主出气孔。
在本实现方式中,出风板可以与入风板、第一侧板和第二侧板围设出相对密封的空间,并使得位于该相对密封空间内的第一电芯层和第二电芯层主要通过主出气孔实现散热,能提升中隔板的散热效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,主出气孔对应中隔板的位置开设。
在本实现方式中,主出气孔对应中隔板的位置开设,便于箱体内的冷却气体从主出气孔流出。
在一种可能的实现方式中,送风单元设于箱体内,并位于出风板与出风面板之间。
在本实现方式中,将送风单元设于出风板与出风面板之间,可以使得送风单元也收容于箱体内,并使得箱体对送风单元形成可靠的保护。
在一种可能的实现方式中,箱体还包括顶部组件和底部组件,顶部组件位于第一电芯层背离中隔板一侧,底部组件位于第二电芯层背离中隔板一侧,顶部组件和底部组件分别连接于入气板和出气板之间。
在本实现方式中,顶部组件和底部组件沿第一电芯层和第二电芯层的层叠方向设置,可以在垂直于中隔板的方向上对第一电芯层和第二电芯层形成可靠的保护,并提升箱体的密封性。
在一种可能的实现方式中,顶部组件内设顶部气流通道,底部组件内设底部气流通道,顶部气流通道和底部气流通道均沿第一方向延伸,入气板上还对应顶部气流通道和底部气流通道设有次透气孔,出气板上也对应顶部气流通道和底部气流通道设有次出气孔。
在本实现方式中,通过顶部气流通道和底部气流通道分别对第一电芯层和第二电芯层实现散热,使得第一电芯层和第二电芯层各自的两个相对平面处都有冷却气体流过,进而 提升本申请电池模组的散热效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电芯组件还包括有上隔板和下隔板。上隔板位于电芯层与顶部组件之间,并使得顶部组件与电芯层之间形成用于通风散热的间隙;下隔板则位于电芯层与底部组件之间,并使得底部组件与电芯层之间也形成用于通风散热的间隙。
在一种可能的实现方式中,次透气孔的面积之和小于第二透气孔的面积之和;和/或
次出气孔的面积之和小于主出气孔的面积之和。
在本实现方式中,次透气孔用于实现顶部气流通道和底部气流通道内的冷却气体流量,当次透气孔的面积之和小于第二透气孔的面积之和时,或次出气孔的面积之和小于主出气孔的面积之和时,中隔板内主通道的冷却气体流量大于顶部气流通道的气体流量,并同时大于底部气流通道的气体流量。因为中隔板同时对第一电芯层和第二电芯层进行散热,设置中隔板中的气体流量较之顶部气流通道和底部气流通道的气体流量更大,可以保证第一电芯层和第二电芯层各自相对两个平面上的温差更小,也即保证第一电芯层和第二电芯层各自相对两平面的散热效果趋于一致。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电池模组还包括第一绝缘盖板和第二绝缘盖板,第一绝缘盖板位于中隔板与第一侧板之间,第一绝缘盖板还对应第一次风道开设有第一通孔;
第二绝缘盖板位于中隔板与第二侧板之间,第二绝缘盖板也对应第二次风道开设有第二通孔。
在本实现方式中,第一绝缘盖板和第二绝缘盖板共同作用,以实现第一电芯层和第二电芯层分别与汇流排之间的绝缘。在第一绝缘盖板和第二绝缘盖板上分别形成第一通孔和第二通孔,使得第三透气孔外的空气能分别经第一通孔和第二通孔进入到第一次风道和第二次风道内。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一绝缘盖板包括面向第一侧板的第一外表面,第一外表面上设有第一导风槽,第一导风槽的一端连通至第一通孔,另一端连通至出气板;
第二绝缘盖板包括面向第二侧板的第二外表面,第二外表面上设有第二导风槽,第二导风槽的一端连通至第二通孔,另一端连通至出气板;
出气板还分别对应第一导风槽和第二导风槽开设有导风孔。
在本实现方式中,在第一绝缘盖板的第一外表面上形成第一导风槽,可以使得从第一侧板外进入箱体内的部分空气也沿第一导风槽流动,并对汇流排形成冷却散热;相对应的,从第二侧板外进入箱体内的部分空气也可以在第二导风槽内流动,并对汇流排形成冷却散热。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电池模组还包括腔体和控制面板,控制面板收容于腔体内,腔体还设有进气口和出气口,进气口与主风道、或第一导风槽、或第二导风槽连通,出气口与出风面板的出气窗连通。
在本实现方式中,控制面板用于控制第一电芯层和第二电芯层的工作,并通过腔体收容和保护控制面板。当腔体与主风道、或第一导风槽、或第二导风槽连通时,还可以使得腔体内有冷却气体流过,实现对控制面板的散热。
在一种可能的实现方式中,控制面板作为电池模组的电池管理系统、和/或优化器、和/或直流转换装置使用。
在一种可能的实现方式中,控制面板的数量为多个。
在一种可能的实现方式中,控制面板的数量为两个,两个控制面板分列送风单元的两侧。
在一种可能的实现方式中,送风单元包括第一风扇和至少两个第二风扇,在第一电芯层和第二电芯层的层叠方向上,第一风扇位于两个第二风扇之间,且在送风单元工作时,第一风扇的排风功率大于第二风扇的排风功率。
在本实现方式中,通过第一风扇位于两个第二风扇之间的排布方式来实现送风单元的功能,能够满足本申请电池模组的散热需求。而设置第一风扇的排风功率更大,可以保证中隔板位置的排风功率大于顶部气流通道和底部气流通道的排风功率,同样可以达到第一电芯层和第二电芯层各自相对两个平面上的温差更小,并保证第一电芯层和第二电芯层各自相对两平面的散热效果趋于一致的效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,送风单元包括第三风扇和第四风扇,第三风扇和第四风扇沿第一电芯层和第二电芯层的层叠方向并排设置;电池模组还设有第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器,第一温度传感器用于监测第一电芯层的温度,第二温度传感器用于监测第二电芯层的温度;控制面板还接第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器分别监测得到的温度数据,以分别控制第三风扇和第四风扇的转速。
在本实现方式中,第一电芯层和第二电芯层之间可能形成温度差,通过第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器的监测,控制面板可以实时监测该温度差。然后,控制面板通过调整第三风扇和第四风扇是转速,可以调整第一电芯层和第二电芯层的实时散热功率,进而减小第一电芯层和第二电芯层的温度差,并使得二者的温度趋于一致性。
本申请还涉及一种交通工具,配备了上述的电池模组。可以理解的,因为上述电池模组的散热效果更均匀,使得电池模组内各个电芯之间的温差得以控制,从而更好的保持了电池模组的整体储能电量,本申请交通工具也因此提升了的使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中,交通工具为电动车或混合动力车。
在本实现方式中,电池模组可以为电动车或混合动力车提供行驶所需的电能,在减少交通工具的碳排放量基础上,使得电动车或混合动力车更好的保持其续航里程,并提高电动车或混合动力车的使用寿命。
在一种可能的实现方式中,交通工具还包括车架、动力装置、传动装置以及多个车轮。电池模组收容于车架内,并与动力装置电性连接。动力装置通过传动装置与各个车轮传动连接,并将电池模组储存的电能转化为转动动力,通过传动装置将转动动力传递至各个车轮端。
在本实现方式中,电池模组为动力装置提供工作所需的电能。动力装置将电能转化为转动动力进行输出,并通过传动装置将转动动力传递至各个车轮端,从而驱动交通工具在道路上行驶。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电池模组的结构示意图;
图2是图1提供的电池模组的分解示意图;
图3是图2提供的电池模组中电芯组件的分解示意图;
图4是图3提供的电芯组件中中隔板的结构示意图;
图5是图3提供的电芯组件中中隔板侧视方向的结构示意图;
图6是图3提供的电芯组件中中隔板另一观测方向的结构示意图;
图7是现有技术中电池模组的散热方案示意图;
图8是对电池模组不同条件下工作仿真的试验数据图;
图9是图3提供的电芯组件中中隔板内气流路径示意图;
图10是本申请提供的交通工具的结构示意图;
图11是图3提供的电芯组件中中隔板另一实施例的结构示意图;
图12是图11提供的中隔板沿A-A剖开后的结构示意图;
图13是图11提供的中隔板沿B-B剖开后的结构示意图;
图14是图11提供的中隔板沿C-C剖开后的结构示意图;
图15是图11提供的中隔板于第一侧边处的局部放大示意图;
图16是图2提供的电池模组中电芯组件另一实施例的分解示意图;
图17是图16提供的电芯组件中中隔板另一实施例的分解示意图;
图18是图17提供的电芯组件中中隔板另一观测方向的结构示意图;
图19是图16提供的电芯组件中中隔板与单个电芯单元的配合示意图;
图20是图17提供的电芯组件中中隔板的正视方向的结构示意图;
图21是图17提供的电芯组件中中隔板的侧视方向的结构示意图;
图22是图17提供的中隔板沿D-D剖开后的结构示意图;
图23是图17提供的中隔板沿E-E剖开后的结构示意图;
图24是图2提供的电池模组中出风面板区域的分解示意图;
图25是图2提供的电池模组中中隔板内主风道的气流通路示意图;
图26是图2提供的电池模组中出风面板区域另一实施例的结构示意图;
图27是图26提供的电池模组中出风面板区域的外观结构示意图;
图28是图27提供的电池模组中出风面板区域的内部结构示意图;
图29是图27提供的电池模组中出风面板区域的分解结构示意图;
图30是图27提供的电池模组中出风面板区域的内部结构示意图;
图31是图2提供的电池模组中中隔板内主风道的气流通路示意图;
图32是图2提供的电池模组中第一侧板的平面结构示意图;
图33是图1提供的电池模组中顶部组件的内部结构示意图;
图34是图2提供的电池模组中顶部组件和底部组件的分解示意图;
图35是图2提供的电池模组从入风板方向观测的结构示意图;
图36是图2提供的电池模组中中隔板内第一次风道和第二次风道的气流通路示意图;
图37是图36提供的电池模组中第二绝缘盖板的结构示意图;
图38是图37提供的第二绝缘盖板的平面结构示意图;
图39是图37提供的第二绝缘盖板中多个汇流排的示意图;
图40是图37提供的第二绝缘盖板中气流路径的示意图;
图41是图2提供的电池模组中电芯组件另一实施例的结构示意图;
图42是图41提供的电池模组中电芯组件与中隔板的分解示意图;
图43是图41提供的电池模组中电芯组件的内部结构示意图;
图44是图41提供的电芯组件中中隔板的结构示意图;
图45是图41提供的电芯组件中中隔板的正视方向结构示意图;
图46是图41提供的电芯组件中中隔板的侧视方向结构示意图;
图47是图41提供的电芯组件中中隔板的俯视方向结构示意图;
图48是图2提供的电池模组中电芯组件另一实施例的结构示意图;
图49是图48提供的电池模组中电芯组件的结构示意图;
图50是图49提供的电池模组中电芯组件的分解结构示意图;
图51是图49提供的电芯组件中中隔板的结构示意图;
图52是图49提供的电芯组件中中隔板的俯视方向结构示意图;
图53是图24提供的送风单元中风扇排布示意图;
图54是图24提供的送风单元中风扇排布另一实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参见图1所示的本申请涉及的电池模组100,包括有箱体30。电池模组100的其余组件均收容于箱体30内部。箱体30大致为密封结构,可以对收容于其内部的各组件形成保护。箱体30的外部各表面上还开设有贯穿的通孔结构,用于实现箱体30内部与外界的连通。电池模组100工作时会产生大量热量,箱体30内的空气温度升高后,可以通过与外界空气形成热交换,来实现对电池模组100的散热。
在图1的示意中,箱体30包括出气面板37、第二侧板34和顶部组件35。其中出气面板37上开设有出气窗371,出气窗371由多个上述通孔结构组成。在一些实施例中,第二侧板34上也设有侧透气孔382,侧透气孔382也可以理解为上述的通孔结构。可以理解的,本实施例中的出气窗371中多个通孔结构,即理解为第一透气孔;而侧透气孔382也可以理解为第三透气孔。
请配合参见图2所示的本申请电池模组100的分解示意图。箱体30还包括入气板31、第一侧板33以及底部组件36,箱体30的内部则收容有电芯组件10。入气板31与出气面板37沿第一方向001相对设置,并分列电芯组件10的两侧;第二侧板34与第一侧板33沿第二方向002相对设置,并分列电芯组件10的两侧,且第二方向002垂直于第一方向001;底部组件36与顶部组件35沿第三方向003相对设置,也分列电芯组件10的两侧,且第三方向003同时垂直于第一方向001和第二方向002。也即,箱体30通过入气板31、出气面板37、第一侧板33、第二侧板34、顶部组件35和底部组件36合围形成密封的内部空间,用于收容电芯组件10。
入气板31、出气面板37、第一侧板33和第二侧板34上均开设有贯穿的通孔结构:入气板31上设有多个主透气孔381、出气面板37上的出气窗371、以及一些实施例中第一侧板33和第二侧板上分别开设的侧透气孔382。其中主透气孔381即立即为第二透气孔。出气面板37处还可以设置送风单元50(参见图24),送风单元50对应出气窗371设置,用于提供箱体30内的气体经出气窗371朝向箱体30外部流出的动力。而主透气孔381和侧透气孔382则容许箱体30外的空气补入箱体30内。因为箱体30外的空气温度相对较低,由此箱体30内部的空气可以通过上述的通孔结构与外界实现热交换,以达到对电芯组件10散热的目的。
在图2的示意中,电池模组100还包括第一绝缘盖板41、第二绝缘盖板42、至少一个第一支撑架43、以及至少一个第二支撑架44。第一支撑架43位于第一侧板33与电芯组件10之间,第一支撑架43分别与顶部组件35和底部组件36固定连接,并用于支撑顶部组件35和底部组件36。在一些实施例中,第一支撑架43和第二支撑架44还可以用于拉紧电芯组件10。第一侧板33还与第一支撑架43固定连接,第一侧板33通过第一支撑架43实现相对于顶部组件35以及底部组件36的固定连接。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,第一侧板33还可以直接分别与顶部组件35和底部组件36固定连接。第一绝缘盖板41位于第一支撑架43和第一侧板33之间,第一绝缘盖板41与第一侧板33之间还设有多个汇流排45,各个汇流排45分别与电芯组件10接触并导通,用于实现电芯组件10中各个电芯层之间在靠近第一侧板33一侧的电性连接。在一些实施例中,汇流排45与第一侧板33之间还设有绝缘隔膜46,以避免汇流排45上的电流被导通至第一侧板33上。
第二支撑架44也位于第二侧板34与电芯组件10之间,第二支撑架44也分别与顶部组件35和底部组件36固定连接,并用于支撑顶部组件35和底部组件36,以及可以用于拉紧电芯组件10。第二侧板34也与第二支撑架44固定连接,进而实现相对于顶部组件35以及底部组件36的固定连接。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,第二侧板34也可以直接分别与顶部组件35和底部组件36固定连接。第二绝缘盖板42位于第二支撑架44和第二侧板34之间,第二绝缘盖板42与第二侧板34之间也设有多个汇流排45,且各个汇流排45也与电芯组件10接触并导通,用于实现电芯组件10中各个电芯层之间在靠近第二侧板34一侧的电性连接。第一绝缘盖板41和第二绝缘盖板42共同作用以实现电芯组件10与各个汇流排45之间的绝缘功能。可以理解的,在一些实施例中,汇流排45与第二侧板34之间也可以设置绝缘隔膜46,以避免汇流排45上的电流被导通至第二侧板34上。
请结合图3示意的电芯组件10的分解示意。电芯组件10包括至少两个电芯层和中隔板20。其中至少两个电芯层包括第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12。第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12相互层叠设置,中隔板20夹设于第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12之间。也即,第一电芯层11、中隔板20以及第二电芯层12依次层叠并固定于箱体30内部。
在图3的示意中,电芯层的数量为四个,即电芯组件10还包括有第三电芯层13和第四电芯层14。四个电芯层也呈依次层叠的形态固定于箱体30内,且任意两个相邻的电芯层之间均夹设有一个中隔板20。即在第二电芯层12与第三电芯层13之间、以及在第三电芯层13与第四电芯层14之间分别夹设有一个中隔板20。由此,图3所示的电芯组件10内中隔板20的数量为三个。因为本申请电池模组100中各个中隔板20的工作原理类似, 除特殊场景之外,接下来的描述均基于位于第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12之间的中隔板20展开。
从图3可以看到,每个电芯层均由多个并排设置的电芯单元15组成。以第一电芯层11为例,其沿第一方向001并排设置有4个电芯单元15。4个电芯单元15的长度方向均沿第二方向002设置。每个电芯单元15的正极151和负极(图中未示)均沿自身长度方向相对设置,也即每个电芯单元15的正极151和负极沿第二方向002分列电芯单元15的相对两端。由此电芯组件10中的各个电芯单元15的正极151可以与位于其同侧(第一绝缘盖板41侧)的汇流排45固定连接并导通,各个电芯单元15的负极则可以与位于其同侧(第二绝缘盖板42侧)的汇流排45固定连接并导通。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,各个电芯单元15的正极151也可以与第二绝缘盖板42侧的汇流排45固定连接,相应的各个电芯单元15的负极与第一绝缘盖板41侧的汇流排45固定连接。本申请对此不做限定。
在另一些实施例中,在电芯组件10的同一侧中,也可以设置若干电芯单元15的正极151,以及若干电芯单元15的负极。例如第一电芯层11中各个电芯15的正极151与第一绝缘盖板41侧的汇流排45固定连接,第二电芯层12中各个电芯15的负极也与第一绝缘盖板41侧的汇流排45固定连接。以上各种实施例均属于本申请电池模组100可能采用的实现方式。
中隔板20的外形尺寸与第一电芯层11的外形尺寸大致相同。即中隔板20夹设于第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12之间时,中隔板20可以大致覆盖其与第一电芯层11接触的表面,并同时大致覆盖其与第二电芯层12接触的表面。在第一电芯层11中,因为多个电芯单元15沿第一方向001排布,第一电芯层11整体沿第一方向001的长度尺寸,相较于电芯单元15的自身长度尺寸更大。因此中隔板20的长度方向也沿第一方向001,即多个电芯单元15排列的方向设置。
请参见图4和图5所示的中隔板20的结构示意图。中隔板20大致为板状结构,具有相对置的第一平面205和第二平面206。其中第一平面205可以面向第一电芯层11设置,相对应的第二平面206朝向背离第一电芯层11设置,也即第二平面206面向第二电芯层12设置。在一些实施例中,第一平面205可以贴合于第一电芯层11设置,第二平面206则贴合于第二电芯层12设置。
中隔板20还包括第一侧边201、第二侧边202、入风侧边203以及出风侧边204。其中第一侧边201和第二侧边202均沿第一方向001延伸,入风侧边203和出风侧边204均沿第二方向002延伸。也即第一侧边201和第二侧边202沿第二方向002相对置,同时入风侧边203和出风侧边204沿第一方向001相对设置。
中隔板20中还设置有主风道23、第一次风道21和第二次风道22。主风道23沿第一方向001贯穿中隔板20。也即主风道23包括相对的主入风端231和主出风端232,主入风端231和主出风端232沿第一方向001相对设置,主入风端231连通于入风侧边203,主出风端232连通于出风侧边204。
由此主风道23内可以形成气流通道,当冷却空气从主入风端231进入主风道23之内后,可以沿主风道23流动并从主出风端232流出中隔板20。因为在本申请电池模组100工作过程中,电芯组件10会产生热量,并提升中隔板20的温度。外界冷却空气在主风道 23中的流动可以将中隔板20处的高温空气带离,从而降低中隔板20的整体温度。可以理解的,温度降低的中隔板20可以通过第一平面205和第二平面206分别对第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12实现散热。
在图4和图5的实施例中,主风道23的数量为多条,多条主风道23沿第二方向002排列于中隔板20内。由此中隔板20内形成了多条主风道23并排沿第一方向001延伸的结构。并排设置的主风道23增大了冷却空气的流通面积,可以将更多的高温空气带离中隔板20,即增大了中隔板20对第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12的冷却面积,可以实现更好的散热效果。
在图5的示意中,主风道23还包括上主风道233和下主风道234。其中上主风道233设有开口235,且开口235朝向第一平面205开设。也即上主风道233设有朝向第一电芯层11的开口235;下主风道234也设有开口235,且下主风道234的开口235朝向第二平面206设置,也即下主风道234设有朝向第二电芯层12的开口235。在图示的示意中,开口235也沿第一方向001贯穿中隔板20。在另一些实施例中,开口235也可以为沿第一方向001断续成型的结构,进而提升中隔板20的整体结构稳定性。或在一些实施例中,主风道23的内部还可以设置加强筋,以使得开口235形成变截面的结构。
开口235的设置可以使得主风道23内的冷却气体能够直接作用到第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12的外表面上。即上主风道233内流通的冷却气体可以作用到第一电芯层11的外表面上,下主风道234内流通的冷却气体也可以作用到第二电芯层12的外表面上。冷却气体可以直接将第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12各自外表面处的高温气体带离中隔板20,由此开设开口235后中隔板20对第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12的冷却效果更好。
在图5的示意中,上主风道233和下主风道234还沿第二方向间隔设置。由此可以使得在第一平面205的范围内,上主风道233的分布更均匀;而在第二平面206的范围内,下主风道234的分布也相对均匀。进而使得主风道23分别对第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12的冷却效果更均匀。同时,在图5的示意中,相邻两个上主风道233之间均设有一个下主风道234;相邻两个下主风道234之间也均设有一个上主风道233。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,相邻两个上主风道233之间也可以设置两个或更多的下主风道234;相邻两个下主风道234之间也可以设置两个或更多的上主风道233。上述各自实现方式都可以达到类似的散热更均匀的效果。
请结合图6示意的中隔板20另一观测方向的结构图。第一次风道21和第二次风道22沿第二方向002分列主风道23的相对两侧。第一次风道21包括相对的第一进风端211和第一出风端212。其中第一进风端211连通至第一侧边201处,第一出风端212则连通至主风道23处。由此第一次风道21可以将第一侧边201外的空气引入主风道23中;第二次风道22则包括相对的第二进风端221和第二出风端222。其中第二进风端221连通至第二侧边202处,第二出风端222则同样连通至主风道23处。由此第二次风道22也可以将第二侧边202外的空气引入主风道23中。
请参见图7示意的现有技术电池模组中一种散热模式。图7中的电池模组也为两层电芯层层叠设置的结构,其中每层电芯层中并排设有三个电芯,且两层电芯层之间设有风道用于散热,冷却气体从靠近电芯1一侧进入风道,并从靠近电芯3的一侧流出。在图7的 散热模式中,当冷却气体从电芯1流至电芯3时,其温度会随流通路径的延生而逐渐升高,因此电芯1处所获得的散热效果要强于电芯3处所获得的散热效果。可以理解的,当每层电芯层中并排设置的电芯更多时,位于靠近风道入风一侧的电芯的散热效果,相较于靠近风道出风一侧的电芯的散热效果会更好。由此,在现有技术电池模组工作的过程中,并排设置的多个电芯之间温度实际会出现差异。
上述现象即为热级联效应。图8示意了对热级联效应的一种试验数据结果:基于相同的出柜率和相同的温控配置,对比内部温差分别为10℃和5℃的两组电池模组,计算仿真其工作10年后的健康状态S0H,内部温差为10℃的电池模组其内部电芯SOH较后者低2%。同步的,对比工作10年间两组电池模组的整体发电量,内部温差为10℃的电池模组在该生命周期内的发电量少1%左右。同时,在温控措施均基于风冷空调的基础上,若要求两组电池模组在该生命周期内达到相同的装箱率,则内部温差控制在5℃的电池模组相较于内部温差为10℃的电池模组,其回风温度可提升5℃左右,电池模组的整体性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)得以提升17%左右。同时温差控制在5℃的电池模组对空调的能力要求也相应下降,空调的初始投资可以降低10%。
由此,请参见图9所示的本申请中隔板20的冷却气体流通路径示意。在设置第一次风道21和第二次风道22之后,冷却气体还可以从第一次风道21和第二次风道22流入主风道23中,并最后从中隔板20的出风侧边204流出。一方面,第一次风道21和第二次风道22内的冷却气体可以在其流通的路径上对其对应区域的第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12分别形成冷却散热的效果;另一方面,因为中隔板20的长度方向沿第一方向001设置,第一次风道21和第二次风道22则沿中隔板20的宽度方向(即第二方向002)延伸。此时第一次风道21和第二次风道22的延伸路径相较于主风道23的延伸路径更短,从第一次风道21和第二次风道22流入主风道23中的气体温度,相较于一直沿主风道23流通的气体的温度更低,这部分温度更低的冷却气体可以对主风道23中因为热级联效应而温度升高的冷却气体形成有效的补充,进而拉低主风道23中的整体气体温度。
由此,本申请中隔板20通过第一次风道21和第二次风道22的设置,可以使得在主风道23中流通的气体温度保持在相对较低的范围内。相较于现有技术中靠近风道入口处的电芯1,因为冷却效果更好而形成与电芯3之间更大温差的现象,本申请电池模组100中靠近出风侧边204一侧的电芯单元15的温度,能更接近靠近入风侧边203一侧电芯单元15的温度。即本申请电池模组100中各个电芯单元15之间的冷却效果更趋于一致,其在工作过程中的温差也相应更小。本申请电池模组100也由此缩减了不同电芯单元15之间的温度差异,电芯组件10的整体温度一致性得以保持,进而提升了本申请电池模组100的使用寿命。
可以理解的,本申请电池模组100可用于本申请涉及的交通工具200中。如图10所示,本申请交通工具200可以为电动车或混合动力车等。交通工具200包括车架210、动力装置220、传动装置230以及多个车轮240。电池模组100可以收容于车架210内,并为动力装置220提供工作所需的电能。动力装置220将电能转化为转动动力进行输出,并通过传动装置230将转动动力传递至各个车轮240端,从而驱动车轮240转动,以使得交通工具200在道路上行驶。也即,本申请电池模组100可以为本申请涉及的交通工具200提供行驶过程中所需的电能。因为本申请电池模组100有效控制了各个电芯单元15之间的温差,进而保证电芯组件10 中各个电芯层的健康度一致,避免出现寿命短板的现象。本申请涉及的交通工具200也由此更可靠的保持了其续航里程,并兼具了更长的使用寿命。
在图10的示意中,电池模组100设置于车架210的中部靠下位置,动力装置220设置于车间210的前端,电池模组100与动力装置220通过导线电性连接。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,电池模组100还可以设置于车架210的前端或后端,并通过导线与动力装置220电性连接,电池模组100以及动力装置220的具体位置可以分别基于交通工具200的内部组件排布任意设置。
需要提出的是,对应第一侧板33和第二侧板34未设置侧透气孔382的实施例,箱体30内的冷却气体主要从入风板31上的主透气孔381进入。此时进入箱体30内的气体也可以分别从主风道23、第一次风道21和第二次风道22进入到中隔板20中,并实现中隔板20对个电芯层的散热功能。
在上述的图示中,第一次风道21的数量均为多条,多条第一次风道21沿第一方向001间隔排列;第二次风道22的数量也为多条,多条第二次风道22也沿第一方向001间隔排列。可以理解的,设置多条第一次风道21和多条第二次风道22,可以增大中隔板20相对两侧的进风量,进而使得第一侧边201和第二侧边202外部的冷却气体能更多进入到主风道23中,进一步降低主风道23中的气体温度,对主风道23中流通的冷却气体形成有效的补充。
请参见图11示意的中隔板20的示意,以及图12、图13、图14所示的对应图11中不同剖面位置的中隔板20的结构示意图。对于主风道23、第一次风道21、以及第二次风道22均为多条的中隔板20实施例,还进一步将第一次风道21分为第一强次风道21a和第一弱次风道21b。在沿主风道23的延伸路径(即第一方向001)上,第一强次风道21a位于第一弱次风道21b和出风侧边204之间。也即,第一强次风道21a相较于第一弱次风道21b更靠近出风侧边204。进一步的,第一强次风道21a所连通的主风道23的数量,还大于或等于(图11中实施例表现为大于)第一弱次风道21b所连通的主风道23的数量。
结合图12可以看到,第一强次风道21a则连通了4条上主风道233,以及3条下主风道234共7条主风道23。而图13中第一弱次风道21b仅分别连通了1条上主风道233,以及1条下主风道234共两条主风道23。可以理解的,对第一次风道21而言,其连通的主风道23的数量越多,从第一次风道21流入主风道23中的冷却气体也越多,即第一次风道21的延伸距离越长其对主风道23的气体补充效果越好。
而对于沿主风道23的路径流通的冷却气体而言,因为其温度随流通的路径伸长而逐步升高,也即主风道23中越靠近出风侧边204处的冷却气体温度越高,越靠近入风侧边203处的冷却气体温度越低。由此,本申请中隔板20中靠近出风侧边204一侧对于冷却气体的需求,较之靠近入风侧边203一侧对冷却气体的需求相对更低。而设置靠近出风侧边204处的第一强次风道21a所连通的主风道23的数量越多,则使得通过第一强次风道21a流入主风道23中的冷却气体也更多,进而满足了该区域对冷却气体更高的需求。第一强次风道21a因为流入了更多的冷却气体,而对主风道23中固有的冷却气体形成了有效的补充,并降低了靠近出风侧边204一侧冷却气体的整体温度。而第一弱次风道21b因为更靠近入风侧边203一侧,此时主风道23中固有冷却气体的温度提升还相对较小,因此其对于冷却气体的需求也更小,第一弱次风道21b只需连通较少的主风道23即可满足散热需求。
需要提出的是,在本申请中隔板20中,当第一次风道21的数量为多条时,次风道的强弱仅作为相对关系来定义。即在任意两条第一次风道21之间,只要其中一条第一次风道21相较于另一条第一次风道21更靠近出风侧边204,则该条更靠近出风侧边204的第一次风道21即可被视为强次风道,而另一条第一次风道21则被视为弱次风道。
例如图14所示的第一次风道21c而言,其相较于图13所示的第一次弱风道21b更靠近出风侧边204,因此图14所示的第一次风道21c即可被视为强次风道,其连通了3条上主风道233,以及3条下主风道234共6条主风道23,相较于图13所示第一弱次风道21b连通的主风道23的数量(2)更多;而因为图14所示第一次风道21c相较于图12所示第一强次风道21a而言,位于远离出风侧边204一侧,此时图14所示第一次风道21c则被视为弱次风道,其连通的主风道23的数量(6)也少于图12所示第一强次风道21a连通的主通道23的数量(7)。
相对应的,第二次风道22也可以包括第二强次风道22a和第二弱次风道22b。其中第二强次风道22a也位于第二弱次风道22b和出风侧边204之间,且第二强次风道22a连通的主风道23的数量,大于或等于第二弱次风道22b连通的主风道23的数量。同时,第二次风道22中的强弱次风道也为相对关系,图14所示的第二次风道22c可以为图13所示第二弱次风道22b的强次风道,也可以为图12所示第二强次风道22a的弱次风道。第二次风道22对强次风道和弱次风道的区别设置,也与第一次风道21的效果类似。
请继续参见图11,第一侧边201上设有第一区段2011,第一区段2011位于第一侧边201靠近出风侧边204的一侧。多条第一次风道21均位于第一区段2011内,且第一区段2011沿第一方向001的长度h1与第一侧边201的长度H1满足条件:h1≤3/4H1;第二侧边202上也设有第二区段2021,第二区段2021也位于第二侧边202靠近出风侧边204一侧,多条第二次风道22均位于第二区段2021内。在一种实施例中,第二区段2021沿第一方向001的长度h2与第二侧边的长度H2满足条件:h2≤3/4H2。
与上述强弱次风道设置的原理类似,当冷却气体从入风侧边203进入中隔板20内时,其初始温度相对较低,并对从第一侧边201和第二侧边202引入的冷却气体的需求也相应较低,因此在靠近入风侧边203一侧不需要设置第一次风道21和第二次风道22,即可满足该区域的散热需求。而在主风道23中的冷却气体流通一段路径之后,其温度逐渐升高,此时再引入第一次风道21和第二次风道22对主风道23中固有的冷却气体进行补充,可以保证主风道23中的冷却气体整体温度趋于一致。因此,第一区段2011和第二区段2021分别位于相对远离入风板203的位置设置,并将多条第一次风道21和多条第二次风道22分别设置于第一区段2011和第二区段2021内,有利于保持主风道23中冷却气体的温度一致性,进而保证第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12中各个电芯单元15收获的散热效果趋于一致,各个电芯单元15之间的温差相应减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中,第一次风道21和第二次风道22之间还至少间隔有1条主风道23。如图11所示,在最靠近出风侧边204一侧,连通主风道23数量最多的第一次风道21和第二次风道22之间,仍间隔有两条下主风道234和1条上主风道233共3条主风道23。该未与第一次风道21或第二次风道22连通的3条主风道23可以保证冷却气体沿第一方向001的流动。即从入风侧边203一侧进入主风道23中的冷却气体,可以至少在该3条主风道23所形成的路径上沿第一方向001流出中隔板20。因为第一次风道21和第二 次风道22大致沿第二方向002延伸,且第二方向002垂直于第一方向001。此时从第一次风道21和第二次风道22流入中隔板20中的冷却气体,因为其流动方向大致垂直于主风道23内固有冷却气体的流向,因此会对主风道23内流动的气体形成截流,部分阻碍到主风道23内固有冷却气体沿第一方向001的流动。
而若第一次风道21与第二次风道22之间没有间隔主风道23,则第一次风道21与第二次风道22直接连通,此时在中隔板20内会形成沿第二方向002贯通的气体流通路径,该部分流通路径会对全部主风道23内流动的固有冷却气体均形成截流现象,导致主风道23内的固有的冷却气体无法顺利从出风侧边204流出中隔板20。由此可能造成流入主风道23的冷却气体变少,对靠近入风侧边203一侧的电芯单元15的散热效果降低的现象。而在连通主风道23数量最多的第一次风道21和第二次风道22之间,仍间隔有至少1条主风道23,则该至少1条主风道23可以保证至少部分主风道23中的固有冷却气体能够顺利从出风侧边204流出中隔板20,相应的从入风侧边203流入主风道23中的冷却气体增多,可以保证该区域中电芯单元15的冷却效果。
请参见图15示意的中隔板20靠近第一次风道21处的局部示意图。对于第一次风道21相对的第一进风端211和第一出风端212,在沿第一侧边201延伸的方向(即第一方向001)上,第一出风端212在第一侧边201上的投影需要位于第一进风端211和出风侧边204之间。具体可以参见图15,第一次风道21与主风道23形成夹角α。该夹角α可以理解为第一次风道21中的冷却气体在进入主风道23中后,其继续沿主风道23流通的拐角。设置第一出风端212在第一侧边201上的投影需要位于第一进风端211和出风侧边204之间,可以保证从第一次风道21进入主风道23的冷却气体拐角小于或等于90度,冷却气体可以更顺利的沿主风道23继续流通。
相对应的,第二次风道的第二进风端221和第二出风端222,也需要满足第二出风端222在第二侧边202上的投影位于第二进风端221和出风侧边204之间。从第二次风道21进入主风道23的冷却气体也能够更顺利的沿主风道23继续流通。
图16示意了另一种电芯组件10的结构。在本实施例中,电芯组件10也包括第一电芯层11、第二电芯层12、第三电芯层13、以及第四电芯层14共四个电芯层,同时在相邻两个电芯层之间,还分别设置有一个中隔板20,也即图16中还包括三个中隔板20。请配合参见图17和图18所示的本实施例中隔板20的结构。在本实施例中,中隔板20也包括第一侧边201、第二侧边202、入风侧边203以及出风侧边204。且中隔板20在第一侧边201和第二侧边202的位置,还分别设置有限位板207的结构。
限位板207分别朝向第一平面205和第二平面206的方向延伸,并在中隔板20的第一侧边201和第二侧边202处形成限位的结构。可以理解的,因为第一侧边201和第二侧边202沿第二方向002排列,因此各个电芯层与中隔板20贴合固定时,限位板207可以突出于各个电芯层的侧壁位置,用于限制各个电芯层相对于中隔板20在第二方向002上的位移。
进一步的,中隔板20在第一侧边201和第二侧边202的位置,还设置了多个子限位板207a。该子限位板207a沿电芯层中电芯单元15的排布方向(也即第一方向001)间隔设置,并从限位板207处朝向中隔板20的中心延伸。相邻两个子限位板207a之间的距离与单个电芯单元15的外形尺寸匹配,进而使得单个电芯单元15可以嵌入相邻两个子限位板 207a之间的空隙中(如图19所示)。
也即,在本实施例中,中隔板20通过限位板207和子限位板207a的配合,可以对其贴合固定的电芯层进行限位,并可以保持电芯层中各个电芯单元15之间的相对距离。由此各个电芯单元15在随交通工具200行进的过程中,能够保持相对位置的固定,以及相对于中隔板20的位置固定,进而保证各个电芯单元15的散热效果。
请进一步参见图20,在本实施例的中隔板20中,同样包括了上主风道233和下主风道234,但与图5所示的中隔板20不同之处在于,本申请中隔板20在上主风道233和下主风道234之间,还设置了基板24,以及凸设于基板24上的导风条25。基板24用于形成板状的中隔板20的主体结构。导风条25包括上导风条251和下导风条252。上导风条251从基板24处沿第三方向003延伸,且多个上导风条251沿第二方向002间隔设置,多个上导风条251背离基板24的外表面形成为中隔板20的第一平面205。上导风条251在中隔板20上还沿第一方向001呈长条状,相邻两个上导风条251之间即形成一个上主风道233。
下导风条252从基板24处沿第三方向003延伸,且下导风条252的延伸方向与上导风条251的延伸方向相反。下导风条252也为多个,多个下导风条252沿第二方向002间隔设置,且多个下导风条252背离基板24的表面形成为中隔板20的第二平面206。下导风条252在中隔板20上还沿第一方向001呈长条状,相邻两个下导风条252之间也可以形成一个下主风道233。
在图20的示意中,上导风条251和下导风条252的数量相同,且每个上导风条251的位置对应设有一个下导风条252。由此在本实施例中,形成了多个并排设置的上主风道233,以及多个并排设置的下主风道234。从主入风端231进入的一部分冷却空气,可以沿多个上主风道233流通,并用于对位于中隔板20第一平面205处的第一电芯层11进行冷却散热;从主入风端231进入的另一部分冷却空气,则可以沿多个下主风道234流通,并用于对位于中隔板20第二平面206处的第二电芯层12进行冷却散热。当上主风道233与下主风道234的位置一一对应时,分列该中隔板20两侧的第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12的散热效果也趋于一致。
请看回图17和图18的示意。在本实施例的中隔板20中,也设置了第一次风道21和第二次风道22。请一并结合图21,在第一侧边201处,于限位板207的位置开设了多个缺口,该多个缺口构造为第一次风道21的第一进风端211。进一步的,多个缺口还形成于基板24的上下两侧,基板24可以将第一次风道21分隔为第一上次风道213和第一下次风道214(参见图22和图23)。此时位于基板24上侧的缺口可以连通至第一上次风道213,冷却空气穿过该缺口后即进入到第一上次风道213内,然后从第一出风端212处流入上主风道233中;而位于基板24下侧的缺口则连通至第一下次风道214,冷却空气穿过该缺口后即进入到第一下次风道214内,然后从第一出风端212处流入下主风道234中。可以理解的,在第二次侧边202一侧,其限位板207的位置也开设了多个缺口,用于形成第二次风道22的第二进风端221。同时,第二次风道22也可以被中隔板24分隔为上下两个次风道。
一种实施例,对于采用基板24结构的中隔板20而言,其第一次风道21和第二次风道22也可以采用上述强弱风道的方式设置。即,在图22示意的第一次风道21和第二次风道22处,其相对于图23所示意的第一次风道21和第二次风道22均位于更远离出风侧边204 的位置。由此,图22示意的第一次风道21相对于图23示意的第一次风道21而言,形成为第一弱次风道21b的结构。此时第一弱次风道21b连通的上主风道233的数量和下主风道234的数量均为两个。而图23中的第一次风道21则表现为第一强次风道21a,该第一强次风道21a连通的上主风道233的数量和下主风道234的数量也均为4个。
相对应的,图22示意的第二次风道22相对于图23示意的第二次风道22而言,也形成为第二弱次风道22b的结构,其连通的上主风道233的数量和下主风道234的数量均为两个;而图23示意的第二次风道22则形成为第二强次风道22a,其连通的上主风道223的数量和下主风道234的数量也均为4个。由此,在本实施例的中隔板20中,靠近出风侧边204处的第一次风道21和第二次风道22各自连通的上主风道233和下主风道234的数量相对较多,远离出风侧边204处的第一次风道21和第二次风道22各自连通的上主风道233和下主风道234的数量相对较少,对上主风道233和下主风道234中的冷却气体形成了有效的补充。请参见图24所示本申请出气面板37区域的分解示意图。在出气面板37的区域内,还设有送风单元50。送风单元50与出气面板37固定连接,且送风单元50可以固定于出气面板37靠近入气板31的内侧,也即送风单元50可以位于箱体30的内部。由此箱体30可以对送风单元50形成保护。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,送风单元50也可以位于出气面板37远离入气板31一侧。且送风单元50可以正对出气面板37的出气窗371设置,进而实现更好的送风效果。
在图24的示意中,送风单元50固定于连接板39上。送风单元50通过连接板39与出气面板37的固定,实现与出气面板37的相对固定。连接板39上对应送风单元50开设有连接孔391,送风单元50可以通过连接孔391将箱体30内的空气送出出气窗371。进一步的,连接板39上还可以固定控制单元60。控制单元60可以与送风单元50电性连接,用于控制送风单元50的散热功率。同时,控制单元60还可以作为电池模组100的电池管理系统(battery management system,BMS),用于管理电池模组100中各个电芯单元15之间的配合工作。
在另一些实施例中,控制单元60还可以作为电池模组100的优化器和/或直流转换装置使用。其中,当控制单元60作为电池模组100的优化器使用时,控制单元60可以在该电池模组100中部分电芯单元15出现故障、或全部电芯单元15出现故障时,将该电池模组100切换为短路状态,以避免该电池模组100影响到交通工具整体的工作。而当控制单元60作为电池模组100的直流转换装置使用时,控制单元60则用于实现电池模组100的直流转换功能。
如图24所示,控制单元60可以包括腔体62和控制面板61。在一些实施例中,控制面板61还可以采用控制芯片等方式实现。控制面板61收容于腔体62内,腔体62用于保护控制面板61。腔体62还设有进气口621(参见图26)和出气口622(参见图26),用于将冷却气体引入腔体62的内部从而对控制面板61进行冷却。具体的,进气口621可以与主风道23、或第一导风槽、或第二导风槽423(参见图38)连通,出气口622则连通于出风面板37的出气窗371。由此,如图25所示,当腔体62与第二导风槽423连通时,第二导风槽423中的冷却气体还可以对控制面板61进行冷却,并经出气口622后从出气面板37处流出,实现对控制面板61的散热。
在一些实施例中,如图26所示,控制面板61的数量为多个,对应腔体62(见图28)的数量也为多个。多个腔体62可以分别与第一导风槽、第二导风槽423以及主风道23连通,并分别接收从第一导风槽、第二导风槽423以及主风道23送入的冷却气体。另一方面,在图24的示意中,腔体62与连接板39固定连接,因此连接板39也可以视为腔体62的一部分。在连接板39上开口以形成进气口621和出气口622,也可以将主风道23、或第一导风槽、或第二导风槽423内的冷却气体引入腔体62内,实现对控制面板61的散热功能。
可以理解的,控制单元60的多个控制面板61可以分别用于实现控制单元60的一种功能,该功能包括但不限于上述的电池管理系统、优化器和直流转换装置。在一些实施例中,也可以在同一控制面板61上集成控制单元60的两个或多个功能,以实现电池模组100的综合控制。同时,因为控制单元60整体均位于箱体30的内部,因此箱体30还可以对控制单元60形成可靠的收容保护,并利用箱体30内的散热结构对控制单元60提供冷却。
在图26的实施例中,控制面板61的数量为两个,两个控制面板61均固定于连接板39上,并分列送风单元50的两侧。也即,对于本申请电池模组100,控制单元60的结构并没有严格限制。控制单元60可以集成于单一的板块上,并与送风单元50并排设置,控制单元60用于实现电池模组100的一项或多项控制功能。控制单元60也可以采用多板块设置,其具体设置于不同的控制面板61上,多个控制面板61与送风单元50并排设置,控制单元60通过各个控制面板61的配合工作,以实现电池模组100的一项或多项控制功能。可以理解的,在图26的实施例中,当送风单元50位于连接板39的中部位置时,其对相对于各个中隔板20的位置也位于相对中部的位置,可以使得各个中隔板20内的气流更加均匀,实现更好的散热效果。
图27示意了出气面板37的一种结构。该结构可以对应到图26所示的控制面板61的数量为两个的实施例。在本结构中,对应到控制面板61的数量为两个,且两个控制面板61分列送风单元50两侧的结构,出风面板37也在出气窗371的两侧分别设置了遮蔽板372。遮蔽板372的面积和位置均与控制面板61大致对齐。在一种实施例中,遮蔽板372处还设置了合页373,遮蔽板372通过合页373与出气面板37的本体转动连接。当需要单独拆卸或调试一侧的控制面板61时,可以通过掀开一侧的遮蔽板372而露出该控制面板61以及腔体62来完成,无需将整个出气面板37取下。
具体可以参见图28,在本实施例中,控制面板61包括第一控制面板61a和第二控制面板61b,其中第一控制面板61a作为电池模组100的电池管理系统,位于送风单元50的一侧。第一控制面板61a背离连接板39一侧还设置了第一盖板62a作为腔体62的一部分。第一盖板62a对应跨设于第一控制面板61a的外侧,并与第一控制面板61a之间形成间隙,供两侧形成的进气口621和出气口622之间空气流通。第一盖板62a还对应露出第一控制面板61a的接口结构611a;第二控制面板61b作为电池模组100的优化器,其位于送风单元50的另一侧。第二控制面板61b背离连接板39一侧设置了第二盖板62b作为腔体62的一部分,该第二盖板62b也对应跨设于第二控制面板61b的外侧,并与第二控制面板61b之间形成间隙。第二盖板62b也露出第二控制面板61b的导电接口611b。
请参见图29,出气面板37的本体结构分别对应第一控制面板61a和第二控制面板61b设置。其分别对应第一控制面板61a的接口结构611a开设了第一镂空孔374a,以及对应 第二控制面板61b的导电接口611b开设了第二镂空孔374b。该第一镂空孔374a用于对应露出接口结构611a,并使得在遮蔽板372掀开之后(如图30所示),能够露出接口结构611a,方便对第一控制面板61a进行接线等操作。
而在第二控制面板61b一侧,电池模组100还设置了导电线71。第二镂空孔374b露出导电接口611b之后,导电接口611b可以与导电线71电性连接,并经导电线71连接至外部电路,以使得优化器在工作时,能够通过与外部电路的电性连接,将该电池模组100切换为短路状态。
可以理解的,在上述实施例中,控制面板61的不同功能,决定了其外部接口的形状和位置。因此当控制面板61的功能随需求变化,或控制面板61中外部接口排布位置需要调整时,其对应的外部接口(如接口结构611a和导电接口611b)也需要相对匹配调整。该外部接口的具体位置并不影响本申请电池模组100的具体功能实现。
另一方面,出气面板37的本体结构,覆盖于第一盖板62a和第二盖板62b各自背离控第一制面板61a和第二控制面板61b的一侧,并分别对第一控制面板61a和第二控制面板61b形成了收容保护,因此出气面板37的本体也可以作为腔体62的一部分,用于引导第一控制面板61a和第二控制面板61b处的空气朝向送风单元50的流动。也即第一盖板62a可以与出气面板37的本体共同形成对应第一控制面板61a的腔体62,第二盖板62b则与出气面板37的本体共同形成对应第二控制面板61b的腔体62。
在一些实施例中,请看回图24,在出气面板37的区域,箱体30还包括出风板32。出风板32位于中隔板20和出风面板37之间,也即出风板32位于电芯组件10与出风面板37之间。出风面板32可以分别与入气板31、第一侧板33、第二侧板34、顶部组件35以及底部组件36合围形成相对封闭的空间,并将电芯组件10和中隔板20收容于该相对封闭的空间内,以实现电芯组件10的密封保护效果。在一些实施例中,送风单元50还位于出风板32与出风面板37之间。也即连接板39位于出风板32与出风面板37之间,由此箱体30内部实际被出风板32分隔为相对的两部分空间。电芯组件10和中隔板20位于其中一部分空间内,连接板39、送风单元50以及控制单元60则位于另一部分空间内。可以理解的,因为电芯组件10的发热量相对较大,通过出风板32的设置,可以将连接板39、送风单元50和控制单元60等组件置于另一空间内,有利于保证送风单元50和控制单元60在温度相对较低的环境下正常工作。
请结合图31的示意,在图31的实施例中,出风板32上还开设有主出气孔321,该封闭空间内的空气可以通过主出气孔321流至送风单元50处,并被送出出气窗371的外部。在一种实施例中,主出气孔321还可以对应中隔板20的位置开设。具体的,主出气孔321对于主风道23的主出风端232开设。即在本申请提供的电池模组100中,设置于电芯组件10中的中隔板20有三个。出风板32上的主出气孔321也构造为三排,且每排主出气孔321分别对应一个中隔板20的出风侧边204(具体为出风侧边204上的主出风端232)设置,以使得从中隔板20的主出风端232流出的冷却气体,能够相对顺利的从主出气孔321流通至出气窗371之外。
相似的原理,在入气板31一侧,主透气孔381也可以对应中隔板20的位置开设。具体的,主透气孔381对于主风道23的主入气端231开设。从图31可以看出,对应本申请 电池模组100设有三个中隔板20的实施例,主透气孔381也构造为三排,且每排主透气孔381分别对应一个中隔板20的入风侧边203(具体为入风侧边203的主入风端231)设置,以使得外部空气在从主透气孔381进入箱体30内部之后,能够相对顺利的从主入风端231处进入到主风道23内,以达到散热的效果。
请进一步参见图32的示意,在本申请电池模组100中,对于第一侧板33和第二侧板34(图32未示)上开设的侧透气孔382,也可以对应中隔板20的位置设置。在图32所示的第一侧板33上,侧透气孔382同样构造为三排,且三排侧透气孔382各自对于一个中隔板的第一侧边201(具体为第一次风道21的第一进风端211)设置。由此,外部空气在从第一侧板33进入箱体30内部之后,也能够相对顺利的从第一进风端211进入到第一次风道21中,或相对顺利的从第二进风端221进入到第二次风道22中,以达到散热的效果。
也即,对于主透气孔381和侧透气孔382形成的各个透气孔,均可以对于到中隔板20的位置设置。在本申请实施例中,各个透气孔与中隔板20的位置对应,可以理解为沿第三方向003的位置尺寸相对应。同时,对于入风板31而言,主透气孔381的位置尺寸还可以沿第二方向002与中隔板20对应设置;而对于第一侧板31和第二侧板32而言,侧透气孔382的位置尺寸则沿第一方向001与中隔板20对应设置。进一步的,对于第一侧板31和第二侧板32还分别设有第一区段2011和第二区段2021的实施例,侧透气孔382还可以对应第一区段2011和第二区段2021的位置开设。因为中隔板20在第一区段2011和第二区段2021之外的位置未设置第一次风道21或第二次风道22,因此侧透气孔382对应第一区段2011和第二区段2021设置,即可满足第一次风道21和第二次风道22的进气需求。
请看回图31的示意。在本申请电池模组100中,顶部组件35和底部组件36还沿第三方向003分列中隔板20的相对两侧。具体的,顶部组件35位于第一电芯层11背离中隔板20一侧,底部组件36位于第二电芯层12背离中隔板30一侧。且顶部组件35连接于入气板31和出风板32之间,底部组件36也连接于入气板31和出风板32之间。由此,在垂直于中隔板20的方向(第三方向003)上,顶部组件35和底部组件36还可以电芯组件10形成可靠的保护,避免水汽、灰尘等沿第三方向003进入到箱体30的内部。
请参见图33所示本申请电池模组100中顶部组件35内部的示意图,以及图34所示顶部组件35和底部组件36的分解示意图。在一种实施例中,当中隔板20对各个电芯层进行散热的同时,顶部组件35和底部组件36也可以形成冷却气体的散热通道,也对电芯组件10实现散热功能。具体的,顶部组件35包括顶部面板351,在图34的示意中,顶部面板351上也开设有多个贯穿的通孔结构。在另一些实施例中,顶部面板351也可以不设置通孔结构,形成为完整的平面形状。在顶部面板351靠近箱体30内的一侧,顶部组件35还包括顶部支撑板352,以及多条顶部支撑条353。顶部支撑板352与顶部面板351间隔并固定连接,多条顶部支撑条353沿第一方向001间隔设置于顶部支撑板352上。在另一些实施例中,多条顶部支撑条353也可以固定连接于顶部面板351上。
每条顶部支撑条353的长度方向还沿第二方向002延伸,每条顶部支撑条353上还开设有多个顶部通气孔354,在图示的示意中多个顶部通气孔354也沿第二方向002间隔设置。由此,在顶部组件35的内部,形成有沿第一方向001贯通的顶部气流通道。在顶部面板351开设有通孔结构的实施例中,外部空气可以从该通孔结构进入到顶部气流通道中, 并依次穿过各个顶部支撑板352上的顶部通孔气孔354,抵达出风板32处。
从图31可以看出,出风板32上还设有次出气孔322。顶部气流通道中的气体可以经次出气孔322被送气单元50排出箱体30外。可以理解的,在本实施例中,顶部支撑板352需要靠近电芯组件10设置,以将电芯组件10的温度传递至顶部支撑板352上,并通过顶部气流通道中的冷却气体将热量带离箱体30。可以理解的,入气板31上也可以设置次透气孔383。次透气孔383的位置与顶部组件35的位置对应,具体的次透气孔383的位置与顶部气流通道的位置对应,以使得冷却气体还可以从入气板31一侧进入到顶部气流通道中。
相对应的,底部组件36也设有底部面板361和底部支撑板362,且底部面板361与底部支撑板362间隔固定。底部面板361和/或底部支撑板362上也可以固定设置多条间隔的底部支撑条(图中未示),每个底部支撑条上还开设有底部通气孔(图中未示),以在底部组件36内部形成底部气流通道。底部气流通道也沿第一方向011延伸,用于实现对电芯组件10的散热功能。可以理解的,入气板31的次透气孔383也可以对应底部气流通道设置,出风板32的次出气口322同样可以对应底部气流通道设置。冷却气体可以从次透气孔383进入底部气流通道,并从次出气孔322排出箱体30,实现对电芯组件10的散热。在一些实施例中,底部面板361上也可以开设多个贯穿的通孔结构,用于辅助底部气流通道进风。在本申请电池模组100中,中隔板20用于实现层叠的两个电芯层之间相对两面的散热功能。而在各个电芯层层叠的方向上,电芯组件10相背离的两个平面则分别通过顶部气流通道和底部气流通道实现散热。顶部气流通道和底部气流通道的设置增大了电芯组件10的散热面积,可以进一步的提升本申请电池模组100的散热效果。
在一种可能的实现方式中,顶部支撑板352和底部支撑板362还可以分别贴合于电芯组件10设置,以实现对电芯组件10热量的直接传导。而在图34的示意中,顶部组件35还设有顶部绝缘膜355,顶部绝缘膜355位于顶部支撑板352与电芯组件10之间,用于防止电芯组件10的电流被传导至顶部组件35上形成漏电;底部组件36也设有底部绝缘膜365,底部绝缘膜365位于底部支撑板362与电芯组件10之间,也用于实现底部组件36的绝缘效果。可以理解的,对于入风板31、出风板32、第一侧板33和第二侧板34,也可以在其各自与电芯组件10之间设置绝缘膜或绝缘件的结构,用于防止漏电,保证本申请电池模组100的安全。
请参见图35所示意的入风板31的平面图。在一种实施例中,还设置次透气孔383的面积之和小于主透气孔381的面积之和。此处所指的面积之和,可以理解为单排次透气孔383的面积之和,以及单排主透气孔381的面积之和。前述中提到,主透气孔381的位置对应中隔板20的位置设置,因此单排主透气孔381的面积之和,可以决定单个中隔板20中进入主风道23的冷却气体的流量大小。而次透气孔383可以对应顶部组件35或底部组件36设置,因此单排次透气孔383的面积之和,可以决定顶部气流通道或底部气流通道中冷却气体流量的大小。
因为中隔板20需要同时对层叠的两个电芯层(如第一电芯层11和第二电芯层12)进行散热,而顶部气流通道和底部气流通道则分别只对一个电芯层进行散热,例如本实施例中顶部气流通道对第一电芯层11进行散热,底部气流通道对第四电芯层14进行散热。因 此当次透气孔383的面积之和与主透气孔381的面积之和相同、或次透气孔383的面积之和大于主透气孔381的面积之和时,会造成电芯组件10中靠近顶部组件35和靠近底部组件36的两个电芯层的散热效果更好,而位于电芯组件10中部的电芯层(本实施例中为第二电芯层12和第三电芯层13)的散热效果相对较差。由此不利于控制电芯组件10中各个电芯层之间的温差。
而通过上述的设置,即控制次透气孔383的面积之和小于主透气孔381的面积之和,可以保证中隔板20中冷却气体的流量,大于顶部气流通道和底部气流通道中冷却气体的流量,进而缩小电芯组件10中各个电芯层之间的温差,提升本申请电池模组100的使用寿命。相似的原理,还可以设置出风板32中主出风孔321的面积之和,大于次出风孔322的面积之和,也可以达到控制中隔板20中冷却气体的流量,大于顶部气流通道和底部气流通道中冷却气体的流量的效果。
在一种实施例中,设置单排次透气孔383面积之和,与单排主透气孔381面积之和的比值范围在40%~80%之间,优选为60%;和/或,设置单排次出气孔322的面积之和,与单排主出气孔321面积之和的比值范围在40%~80%之间,优选为60%。都可以使得电池模组100中各个电芯层之间的温度差异更小。
请参见图36所示的第一侧板33、第二侧板34、第一绝缘盖板41和第二绝缘盖板42的分解示意。因为第一绝缘盖板41位于第一侧板33与电芯组件10之间,第一绝缘盖板41上还设置了第一通孔412。第一通孔412沿第二方向002贯穿第一绝缘盖板41,以使得第一侧板33外的空气能穿过第一绝缘盖板41进入第一次风道21内;第二绝缘盖板42上也设置了第二通孔422(参见图37),用于实现第二侧板34外的空气穿过第二绝缘盖板42进入第二次风道22内的效果。
请结合图37和图38所示的第二绝缘盖板42的示意。第二通孔422大致呈条状,且条状的第二通孔422沿第一方向001延伸。第二通孔422的数量也为3条,3条第二通孔422间隔布置,且每条第二通孔422的位置与一个中隔板20的位置对应,也即每条第二通孔422与第二侧板34上一排侧透气孔382的位置对应设置。这样的设置有利于外部气体先后经侧透气孔382和第二通孔422进入到第二次风道22中。
一种实施例,在图38的示意中,第二绝缘盖板42上的多个汇流排45分别对应电芯组件10中的各个电芯单元15设置(如图39所示),用于导通各个电芯单元15。第二绝缘盖板42还包括背离电芯组件10的第二外表面412,也即第二外表面412面向第二侧板34设置。第二外表面412上还设有多个第二导风槽423,多个第二导风槽423分别与第二通孔422连通,多个第二导风槽423还各自沿第一方向001延伸。
由此,请参见图40所示的第二绝缘盖板42处的气流路径示意。从第二侧板34的侧透气孔382进入的冷却气体,一部分经第二通孔422流入第二次风道22内,对电芯组件10实现散热;另一部风可以沿多个第二导风槽423流动,并流经第二外表面412之后对各个汇流排45进行散热。可以理解的,因为汇流排45与电芯组件10固定连接,电芯组件10上的温度也会传导至汇流排45上。对汇流排45的散热同样可以降低本申请电池模组100的整体温度。
相似的原理,第一绝缘盖板41上也包括背离电芯组件10的第一外表面(图中未示)。 第一外表面上也可以设置多个第一导风槽(图中未示),多个第一导风槽分别与第一通孔412连通,且多个第一导风槽还各自沿第一方向001延伸。由此,从第一侧板33上的侧透气孔382进入箱体30的冷却气体,也可以一部分流入第一次风道21内,对电芯组件10实现散热;另一部分也可以沿多个第一导风槽流动,实现对第一绝缘盖板41处各个汇流排45的散热。
需要提出的是,连接板39上也需要设置多个导风孔392,每个导风孔392连通至一个第一导风槽或第二导风槽423,以使得第一导风槽和第二导风槽423中的冷却气体能经出气窗371流出箱体30外部。
一种实施例请参见图41,电芯组件10包括三个电芯层(图中示意为第一电芯层11、第二电芯层12和第三电芯层13),以及两个中隔板20。进一步的,请参见图42,每一层电芯层中,均包括有6个电芯单元15。6个电芯单元15呈三排两列的方式排列。且在第二方向002上,相邻两个电芯单元15相背设置。每个电芯单元15的正极151和负极152均露出于其背离另一电芯单元15的外表面上。而在第一方向001上,相邻两个电芯单元15的正极151和负极152相邻排列。而在相邻两个电芯层之间,即沿第三方向003层叠的相邻两个电芯单元15之间,其正极151和负极152互为反向。
具体请参见图43,在隐去第一绝缘盖板41和第二绝缘盖板42的结构之后,可以看到多个汇流排45连接于各个电芯单元15之间,用于将位于同一侧的电芯单元15串联为一体。其中长度方向沿第一方向001排布的汇流排45连接于同一电芯层内的相邻两个电芯单元15之间,而长度方向沿第三方向003排布的汇流排45连接于不同电芯层的上下两个电芯单元15之间。图中仅示意了电芯组件10一侧的电芯单元15的排布和汇流排45的排布,而在图中未示的另一侧,各个电芯单元15也通过汇流排45形成串联电路。
进一步的,汇流排45还设置了短汇流排451和长汇流排452。短汇流排451和长汇流排452分别位于一侧串联电路的首尾两端。其中短汇流排451包括第一接电支脚453,长汇流排452包括第二接电支脚454。第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454分别相对于段汇流排451和长汇流排452弯折,沿第一方向001位于各个电芯层的一侧。也即,在图43的示意中,两侧的汇流排45各自包括一个短汇流排451,并同时各自包括一个长汇流排452。其中一对第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454位于电芯组件10靠近出风面板37的一侧,另一对第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454则位于电芯组件10靠近入气板31一侧。成对匹配的第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454还沿第三方向003间隔设置。
可以理解的,因为短汇流排451和长汇流排452各自为一侧串联电路的首尾两端,因此在将成对的第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454连通之后,电芯组件10中各个电芯单元15也实现了串联。进一步的,靠近出风面板37位置的第一接电支脚453和第二接电支脚454还可以与图29所示的第二控制面板61b连接,或与图29所示的导电线71连接,进而使得电芯组件10与外部电路形成电性连接。
请参见图44,对于本实施例的中隔板20,其结构与图4所示的中隔板20结构类似。其也具有多个主风道23,且多个主风道23采用上主风道233和下主风道234交替的结构形成。进一步的,本实施例的中隔板20也设有第一次风道21和第二次风道22,二者从相对两侧朝向中隔板20的中部延伸,并连通多个主风道23。进一步的,请同步参见图44和 图45。中隔板20还包括第一支撑条261、第二支撑条262以及两个第三支撑条263。其中第一支撑条261位于第一侧边201处,第二支撑条262位于第二侧边202处,两个第三支撑条263则位于第一侧边201和第二侧边202之间,具体的,两个第三支撑条263沿第二方向002位于中隔板20的中部位置。第一支撑条261、第二支撑条262和第三支撑条263均沿第一方向001延伸,且第一支撑条261、第二支撑条262和第三支撑条263共同用于形成中隔板20的第一平面205和第二平面206。第一支撑条261、第二支撑条262和第三支撑条263共同用于贴合并支撑位于中隔板20上下两侧的电芯层。其中,靠近第一侧边201的第三支撑条263与第一支撑条261配合,用于支撑一侧的电芯单元15,而靠近第二侧边202的第三支撑条263则与第二支撑条262配合,用于支撑另一侧的电芯单元15。
进一步的,两个第三支撑条263间隔设置,二者之间还设有基板24的结构,以在中隔板20内形成一个上主风道233和一个下主风道234。而在图46的示意中,第二支撑条262处也开设了多个缺口,用于形成第二次风道22的第二进风端221。可以理解的,第一支撑条261也可以开设多个缺口,用于形成第一次风道21的第一进风端211。
第一支撑条261、第二支撑条262和第三支撑条263的结构,将中隔板20与电芯单元15的配合面升高,主风道23与电芯单元之间的间隙可以容许更多的冷却气体流过。同时也降低了对各个上主风道233和下主风道234的外形尺寸要求,可以使得各个电芯单元15更平稳的贴合于中隔板20上。
另一方面,本实施例中的各个第一次风道21和第二次风道22,其各自连通的主风道23的数量相同。而多个第一次风道21之间排列的距离,以及多个第二次风道22之间排列的距离则分别形成差异。在图47的示意中,位于靠近中隔板20出风侧边204位置的第一次风道21之间的距离,大于位于远离出风侧边204位置的第一次风道21之间的距离。也即,第一次风道21之间的距离,在靠近出风侧边204的位置相对较为疏远,而远离出风侧边204的位置则相对较为密集。相对应的,第二次风道22的排列方式也与第一次风道21的排列方式类似,靠近出风侧边204处的第二次风道22的相对距离较远,远离出风侧边204处的第二次风道22的相对距离较近。
相较于图3所示的电芯组件10的结构,本实施例电芯组件10的电芯层数量减少,其整体厚度降低。此时对于靠近出风侧边204位置的电芯单元15,因为第一次风道21和第二次风道22的辅助散热效果,其冷却气体的流速相对较快,散热效果相对改善。而对于沿第一方向001位于电芯层中部的两个电芯单元15而言,因为其在第二方向002上宽度增大,对应区域的第一次风道21和第二次风道22中冷却气体的流速相对较低,造成其散热效果较靠近出风侧边204位置电芯单元15的散热效果更差,因此将对应该区域的第一次风道21和第二次风道22的排布距离缩小,可以对位于电芯层中部的电芯单元15引入更多的冷却气体,改善其散热效果,并使得电芯层中各个电芯单元15的散热效果趋于一致。
一种实施例请参见图48,电池模组100还设有端部支撑架47。该端部支撑架47位于电芯组件10靠近出风面板37和/或靠近入气板31的外表面处。端部支撑架47与第一支撑架43、第二支撑架44一同连接于顶部组件35和底部组件36之间,并用于拉紧电芯组件10。因为电芯层内两列电芯单元15的排布方式,使得电芯层在第二方向002上的尺寸增大,在设置端部支撑架47之后,可以增强电池模组100的整体结构稳定性。可以理解的,端部 支撑架47可以对应中隔板20的中段设置,即端部支撑架47可以对应到第三支撑条263的区域设置,以避免端部支撑架47对流经电芯单元15的主风道23形成遮蔽,影响散热效果。
请同步参见图49和图50,在本实施例的电芯组件10中,电芯单元15的排布方式与图42中电芯单元15的排布方式相同,均为三排两列的方式排列。三排电芯层之间同样设置有两个中隔板20的结构。进一步的,本实施例电芯组件10还包括有上隔板20a和下隔板20b。上隔板20a与下隔板20b沿第三方向003分列电芯层的两侧,也即上隔板20a位于电芯层与顶部组件35之间,并使得顶部组件35与电芯层之间形成用于通风散热的间隙;下隔板20b则位于电芯层与底部组件36之间,并使得底部组件36与电芯层之间也形成用于通风散热的间隙。
具体的,请参见图51,本实施例的中隔板20结构与上述图17的中隔板20结构类似。在中隔板20的四周边缘位置,分别向两个相背的方向延伸有限位板207,用于对各个电芯层进行限位。进一步的,在第一侧边201和第二侧边202的位置,还延伸有多个子限位板207a,用于对各个电芯层内的电芯单元15进行限位。而在中隔板20沿第二方向002的中部位置,则增加了限位板207的结构,该限位板207用于限定两排电芯单元15之间的相对位置。进一步的,在该位于中隔板20中部的限位板207处,也沿第一方向001间隔排列有多个子限位板207a,且子限位板207a成对设置,每一对子限位板207a分别位于限位板207的相对两侧。位于中隔板20中部的子限位板207a则与位于第一侧边201和第二侧边202处的子限位板207a相互配合,用于分别限定沿第二方向002并排的两个电芯单元15之间的相对位置。
而对于上隔板20a而言,其大致结构与图51所示的中隔板20的结构相同,区别仅在于,上隔板20a处的限位板207仅沿第三方向003朝向一侧延伸,各个子限位板207a也仅沿同一方向延伸,因为上隔板20a仅一侧位置与电芯层形成配合,因此其限位板207和子限位板207a仅需朝向该侧延伸,即可实现上隔板20a对电芯层内各个电芯单元15的限位功能。也可以理解为,上隔板20a仅构造为中隔板20的一半结构,即可形成对电芯层的定位效果、以及提供主风道23、第一次风道21和第二次风道22对电芯层实施散热的效果;可以理解的,下隔板20b与上隔板20a的结构大致相同,下隔板20b上的限位板207和子限位板207a的延伸方向与上隔板20a的延伸方向相反,即使得下隔板20b也实现了与上隔板20a类似的定位和散热效果。
一种实施例请参见图52,在本实施例中,中隔板20的第一次风道21和第二次风道22采用了强弱次风道的方式设置,即靠近出风侧边204一侧的第一次风道21和第二次风道22,其连通的主风道23的数量较远离出风侧边204一侧的第一次风道21和第二次风道22连通的主风道23的数量更多。因为在本实施例电芯组件10中,增加了上隔板20a和下隔板20b的结构,因此相对改善了沿第一方向001位于中部位置的电芯单元15的散热效果,采用强弱次风道的方式设置第一次风道21和第二次风道22,也可以保证电芯组件10中各个电芯单元15的温度相对均衡。
一种实施例请看回图24。在图24示意的实施例中,送风单元50采用风扇51实现。风扇51的数量为两个,两个风扇51沿第三方向003并排设置。控制单元60可以与两个风扇51电性连接,并分别驱动两个风扇51转动,以将箱体30内的冷却气体从出气窗371送 出。具体的,控制单元60中的控制面板61分别与两个风扇51电性连接。在另一些实施例中,风扇51的数量可以基于散热需求任意设置,即风扇51可以仅设置一个,或风扇51设置为多个。当风扇51为多个时,多个风扇51可以沿第三方向003排列,也可以采用任意排列的方式设置,进而满足不同电芯组件10的散热需求。可以理解的,在另一些实施例中,送风单元50还可以采用鼓风机、抽风装置、或排气装置等来实现。
在一种实施例中,本申请电池模组100内还可以设置温度传感器(图中未示),温度传感器可以对应电芯组件10设置,并与控制面板61电性连接。温度传感器用于实时监测电芯组件10的温度,控制面板61接温度传感器感应到的温度数据后,可以控制风扇51的转速或功率,以实时调节散热效果。可以理解的,在一些实施例中,温度传感器还可以设置多个,多个温度传感器位于电芯组件10不同的位置设置,以分别监测电芯组件10中不同部位的实时温度。例如,温度传感器可以设置四个,四个温度传感器分别对应第一电芯层11、第二电芯层12、第三电芯层13和第四电芯层14设置,以分别监测不同电芯层的温度。
因为各个电芯层之间的散热措施存在差异,因此不同电芯层之间的温度也可能存在差异。控制面板61在监测各个电芯层的过程中,可以通过控制不同的风扇51的转速或功率,来对应调整不同电芯层的散热效果,进而达到平衡不同电芯层之间温度,减小电芯组件10内部温差的效果。可以理解的,本实施例中两个风扇的实现方式,其分别在控制面板61的控制下形成工作效率的差异,可以视为前文中提到的第三风扇和第四风扇。
请参见图53所示的一种送风单元50中风扇51的排布方式。风扇51包括第一风扇511和两个第二风扇512。第一风扇511和两个第二风扇512沿第三方向003并排布置,且第一风扇511位于两个第二风扇512之间。第一风扇511的排风功率大于第二风扇512的排风功率,具体可以为第一风扇511的扇叶较第二风扇512的扇叶面积更大,和/或第一风扇511的转速较第二风扇512的转速更大。由此,在送风单元50工作时,第一风扇511出的冷却气体较第二风扇512排出的冷却气体更多。
而在图54的示意中,第二风扇512的数量为四个,其中两个第二风扇512沿第二方向002并排设置,并位于第一风扇511与顶部组件35之间;两个第二风扇512沿第二方向002并排设置,并位于第一风扇511与底部组件35之间。
前文中提到,对于层叠设置的电芯组件10而言,其靠近层叠的中心部位的电芯层,其散热效果较靠近层叠的两侧部位的电芯层更差。因此在对应层叠中心部位的电芯层位置设置排风功率更大的第一风扇511,而在对应层叠两侧部位的电芯层位置设置排风功率更小的第二风扇512,可以使得位于层叠中心部位的电芯层之间的中隔板20内冷却气体流速更快,相应的位于层叠两侧部位的电芯层之间的中隔板20、和/或顶部气流通道和底部气流通道内的冷却气体流速更慢。由此可以调节不同部位的电芯层之间的散热效果,提升电芯组件10中各个电芯层之间的温度一致性。
以上描述,仅为本申请的具体实施例,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,例如减少或添加结构件,改变结构件的形状等,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内;在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。因此,本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池模组,其特征在于,包括箱体、第一电芯层、第二电芯层、中隔板和送风单元;
    所述第一电芯层、所述中隔板和所述第二电芯层层叠固定于所述箱体内,且所述中隔板位于所述第一电芯层和所述第二电芯层之间;
    所述中隔板包括第一侧边和第二侧边,所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边均沿第一方向延伸;所述中隔板内还设有主风道、第一次风道和第二次风道,所述主风道沿第一方向贯穿所述中隔板,所述第一次风道连通所述主风道、且一端延伸至所述第一侧边,所述第二次风道连通所述主风道、且一端延伸至所述第二侧边;
    所述箱体开设有第一透气孔和第二透气孔,所述第一透气孔和所述第二透气孔分别位于所述中隔板的两侧,且排布于所述第一方向,所述送风单元与所述箱体固定连接,用于将所述中隔板内的空气经所述第一透气孔排出至所述箱体的外部。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述箱体包括入风板、出风面板、第一侧板和第二侧板;
    所述入风板和所述出风面板沿所述第一方向分列所述中隔板的两侧,且所述第一透气孔位于所述出风面板上;
    所述第一侧板和所述第二侧板均连接于所述入风板和所述出风面板之间,且所述第一侧板位于所述第一侧边背离所述主风道一侧,所述第二侧板位于所述第二侧边背离所述主风道一侧。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述主风道的数量为多条,多条所述主风道沿第二方向排列于所述中隔板内,且所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述第一次风道的数量为多条,多条所述第一次风道沿所述第一方向间隔排列;
    所述第二次风道的数量也为多条,多条所述第二次风道也沿所述第一方向间隔排列。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述第一次风道包括第一强次风道和第一弱次风道,所述第一强次风道位于所述第一弱次风道和所述出风面板之间,且所述第一强次风道连通的所述主风道的数量,大于或等于所述第一弱次风道连通的所述主风道的数量;
    所述第二次风道也包括第二强次风道和第二弱次风道,所述第二强次风道位于所述第二弱次风道和所述出风面板之间,且所述第二强次风道连通的所述主风道的数量,大于或等于所述第二弱次风道连通的所述主风道的数量。
  6. 如权利要求3-5任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述主风道包括上主风道和 下主风道,所述上主风道设有朝向所述第一电芯层的开口,所述下主风道设有朝向所述第二电芯层的开口,且两个所述上主风道之间,至少设有一个所述下主风道。
  7. 如权利要求2-6任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述第一次风道具有相对的第一进风端和第一出风端,所述第一进风端连通所述第一侧边,所述第一出风端连通所述主风道,所述第一出风端在所述第一侧边上的投影位于所述第一进风端和所述出风面板之间;
    所述第二次风道具有相对的第二进风端和第二出风端,所述第二进风端连通所述第二侧边,所述第二出风端连通所述主风道,所述第二出风端在所述第二侧边上的投影位于所述第二进风端和所述出风面板之间。
  8. 如权利要求2-7任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述第一侧板和所述第二侧板上还设有第三透气孔。
  9. 如权利要求2-8任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述箱体还包括出风板,所述出风板位于所述中隔板和所述出风面板之间,所述出风板上还开设有主出气孔。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述送风单元设于所述箱体内,并位于所述出风板与所述出风面板之间。
  11. 如权利要求2-10任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述箱体还包括顶部组件和底部组件,所述顶部组件位于所述第一电芯层背离所述中隔板一侧,所述底部组件位于所述第二电芯层背离所述中隔板一侧,所述顶部组件和所述底部组件分别连接于所述入气板和所述出气板之间。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述顶部组件内设顶部气流通道,所述底部组件内设底部气流通道,所述顶部气流通道和所述底部气流通道均沿所述第一方向延伸,所述入气板上还对应所述顶部气流通道和所述底部气流通道设有次透气孔,所述出气板上也对应所述顶部气流通道和所述底部气流通道设有次出气孔。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述次透气孔的面积之和小于所述第二透气孔的面积之和;和/或
    所述次出气孔的面积之和小于所述主出气孔的面积之和。
  14. 如权利要求2-13任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述电池模组还包括第一绝缘盖板和第二绝缘盖板,所述第一绝缘盖板位于所述中隔板与所述第一侧板之间,所述第一绝缘盖板还对应所述第一次风道开设有第一通孔;
    所述第二绝缘盖板位于所述中隔板与所述第二侧板之间,所述第二绝缘盖板也对应所 述第二次风道开设有第二通孔。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述第一绝缘盖板包括面向所述第一侧板的第一外表面,所述第一外表面上设有第一导风槽,所述第一导风槽的一端连通至所述第一通孔,另一端连通至所述出气板;
    所述第二绝缘盖板包括面向所述第二侧板的第二外表面,所述第二外表面上设有第二导风槽,所述第二导风槽的一端连通至所述第二通孔,另一端连通至所述出气板;
    所述出气板还分别对应所述第一导风槽和所述第二导风槽开设有导风孔。
  16. 如权利要求2-15任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述电池模组还包括腔体和控制面板,所述控制面板收容于所述腔体内,所述腔体还设有进气口和出气口,所述进气口与所述主风道、或所述第一导风槽、或所述第二导风槽连通,所述出气口与所述出风面板的所述出气窗连通。
  17. 如权利要求1-16任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,控制面板作为电池模组的电池管理系统、和/或优化器、和/或直流转换装置使用。
  18. 如权利要求1-17任一项所述的电池模组,其特征在于,所述送风单元包括第一风扇和至少两个第二风扇,在所述第一电芯层和所述第二电芯层的层叠方向上,所述第一风扇位于两个所述第二风扇之间,且在所述送风单元工作时,所述第一风扇的排风功率大于所述第二风扇的排风功率。
  19. 一种交通工具包括车架、动力装置、传动装置以及如权利要求1-18任一项所述的电池模组,所述电池模组收容于车架内,并为动力装置提供工作所需的电能。
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