WO2022160501A1 - 一种电主轴和机床 - Google Patents

一种电主轴和机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022160501A1
WO2022160501A1 PCT/CN2021/092481 CN2021092481W WO2022160501A1 WO 2022160501 A1 WO2022160501 A1 WO 2022160501A1 CN 2021092481 W CN2021092481 W CN 2021092481W WO 2022160501 A1 WO2022160501 A1 WO 2022160501A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water channel
waist
bearing seat
cooling water
shaped water
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PCT/CN2021/092481
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁桂转
汤丽君
汤秀清
Original Assignee
广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Application filed by 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 filed Critical 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
Publication of WO2022160501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022160501A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
    • B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the fields of turning and boring, and particularly relates to an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • the electric spindle of the machining center needs to provide large cutting force and large bearing capacity. Therefore, the design requirements of the motor are high power and high torque. increase, which greatly affects the service life of the rear bearing.
  • the front bearing of the main shaft because the heat generated by the operation of the front bearing is higher than that of the rear bearing.
  • the cooling of the front bearing by the electric spindle is a simple annular groove, the heat dissipation area is small, and the cooling effect is poor.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • an electric spindle includes:
  • the body assembly is provided with an axial inner hole, the front end of the axial inner hole is provided with a front bearing seat, and the rear end of the axial inner hole is provided with a rear bearing assembly;
  • axle core assembly disposed in the axial inner hole, the front end of the axle core assembly is supported on the front bearing seat through a front bearing, and the rear end of the axle core assembly is supported on the rear bearing assembly through a rear bearing;
  • the front bearing seat includes an embedded section embedded in the axial inner hole, the front end of the front bearing seat is provided with a front end cover, the front bearing seat is provided with a first cooling water channel, and the rear bearing assembly is provided with The second cooling water channel, the first cooling water channel includes:
  • a plurality of first waist-shaped water channels are arranged on the outer side of the embedded section and distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the first waist-shaped water channels are matched and fit with the axial inner hole;
  • a plurality of second waist-shaped water channels are arranged on the front end surface of the front bearing seat, and are distributed alternately with the first waist-shaped water channels in the circumferential direction, and the second waist-shaped water channels are matched and fitted with the front end cover;
  • a plurality of axial water channels are connected between the first waist-shaped water channels and the second waist-shaped water channels distributed in a staggered manner, and the first waist-shaped water channels, the axial water channels and the second waist-shaped water channels are formed around the The first cooling water channel of the front bearing.
  • the body assembly is provided with a water inlet hole and a water outlet hole, and the water inlet hole and the water outlet hole are distributed on both sides of the embedded section, so
  • the first waist-shaped water channel includes a first waist-shaped water channel on the water inlet side connected with the water inlet hole and a first waist-shaped water channel on the water outlet side connected with the water outlet hole.
  • the water flows to both sides along the first waist-shaped water channel on the water inlet side, each circulating for half a circle, collects in the first waist-shaped water channel on the water outlet side, and flows out through the water outlet hole.
  • two ends of the first waist-shaped water channel are provided with radial holes communicating with the axial water channel.
  • the embedded section is provided with first sealing ring mounting ring grooves on both front and rear sides of the first waist-shaped water channel, and the first A first sealing ring is arranged in the sealing ring installation ring groove.
  • a second sealing ring mounting ring groove is provided on the outer periphery of the second waist-shaped water channel, and a second sealing ring mounting ring groove is provided in the second sealing ring mounting ring groove. There is a second sealing ring.
  • the first cooling water channel is communicated with the second cooling water channel
  • the body assembly is provided with a third cooling water channel
  • the third cooling water channel is The water channel is communicated with the second cooling water channel, and the cooling medium flows through the first cooling water channel, the second cooling water channel and the third cooling water channel in sequence.
  • the rear bearing seat assembly includes a rear bearing seat outer shell and a rear bearing seat, the rear bearing seat outer shell is connected to the body assembly, so The outer ring of the rear bearing is supported on the rear bearing seat, the rear bearing seat is matched with the outer shell of the rear bearing seat, the rear bearing seat can float axially relative to the outer shell of the rear bearing seat, and the rear bearing seat
  • An annular water groove is provided on the outer side of the bearing housing cover, the rear bearing housing cover is embedded in the axial inner hole, and the body assembly shields the annular water groove to form the second cooling water channel.
  • a headstock is further included, a spiral ring groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the body assembly, and the body assembly is assembled in the headstock, The headstock shields the spiral ring groove to form the third cooling water channel.
  • the body component is provided with a first axial water hole that communicates with the water outlet and the second cooling water channel, and the body component is provided with a first axial water hole connecting the water outlet hole and the second cooling water channel.
  • a second axial water hole, the second axial water hole is led from the second cooling water channel to the front end of the body assembly and connected to the third cooling water channel.
  • a machine tool includes the electric spindle described in any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • the first cooling water channel surrounding the front bearing is formed by the first waist-shaped water channel, the axial water channel and the second waist-shaped water channel, and the first cooling water channel has both the first waist-shaped water channel and the second waist-shaped water channel extending in the circumferential direction, There is also an axial water channel extending along the axial direction, which solves the disadvantage of cooling the front bearing of the electric spindle of the current machining center, which greatly increases the heat dissipation area of the front bearing and has a significant cooling effect.
  • the first waist-shaped water channel and the second waist-shaped water channel are arranged on the front bearing seat, and the channel for the flow of the cooling medium is further defined by the cooperation of the front bearing seat with the matching body assembly and the front end cover, and there is no need to add more auxiliary structures.
  • the structure is simpler and the molding is convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electric spindle of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an axonometric view of the front bearing seat structure of an embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first cross-sectional structure of the front bearing seat of an embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second cross-sectional structure of the front bearing seat of an embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third cooling water channel according to an embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .
  • “several” means one or more, “multiple” means two or more, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding”, etc. are understood as not including this number; “above”, “below” and “within” “ etc. are understood to include the original number.
  • “first” and “second” are only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features or Implicitly indicates the order of the indicated technical features.
  • words such as “set”, “install” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be a fixed connection or a
  • the detachable connection can also be integrally formed; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be the internal communication between the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows the reference direction coordinate system of the embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in FIG. 1 .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric spindle, including a body assembly 1 and a shaft core assembly (not shown in the figure), the body assembly 1 is provided with an axial inner hole, and the front end of the axial inner hole is provided with a The front bearing seat 2, the rear end of the axial inner hole is provided with a rear bearing assembly; the shaft core assembly is arranged in the axial inner hole, the front end of the shaft core assembly is supported on the front bearing seat 2 through the front bearing 7, and the rear end of the shaft core assembly The rear bearing 6 is supported on the rear bearing assembly, and one or more of the front bearing 7 and the rear bearing 6 are provided as required. torque.
  • the front bearing seat 2 includes an embedded section 20 embedded in the axial inner hole, the front end of the front bearing seat 2 is provided with a front end cover 3, the front bearing seat 2 is provided with a first cooling water channel for cooling the front bearing 7, and the rear bearing The assembly is provided with a second cooling water channel 51 for cooling the rear bearing 6 .
  • the first cooling water channel includes a plurality of first waist-shaped water channels 21 , a plurality of second waist-shaped water channels 24 and a plurality of axial water channels 23 .
  • a plurality of first waist-shaped water channels 21 are arranged on the outer side of the embedded section 20 and are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction.
  • the first waist-shaped water channels 21 extend along the circumferential direction of the front bearing seat 2 .
  • the first waist-shaped water channels 21 Matching with the axial inner hole, a plurality of passages for the cooling medium to flow are formed on the outer side of the embedded section 20 .
  • a plurality of second waist-shaped water channels 24 are arranged on the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2 , and are alternately distributed with the first waist-shaped water channels 21 along the circumferential direction, and the second waist-shaped water channels 24 are along the circumferential direction of the front bearing seat 2 .
  • the second waist-shaped water channel 24 is matched and fitted with the front end cover 3 , and a plurality of passages for the cooling medium to flow are formed on the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2 .
  • a plurality of axial water channels 23 are connected between the first waist-shaped water channels 21 and the second waist-shaped water channels 24 , which are staggered.
  • the axial water channels 23 are connected along the circumferential direction of the front bearing housing 2 .
  • the axial water channels 23 are connected. between the tail of the first waist-shaped water channel 21 and the head of the second waist-shaped water channel 24, or the axial water channel 23 is connected between the tail of the second waist-shaped water channel 24 and the head of the first waist-shaped water channel 21
  • the first waist-shaped water channel 21 , the axial water channel 23 and the second waist-shaped water channel 24 form a tortuous first cooling water channel surrounding the front bearing 7 .
  • the first cooling water channel surrounding the front bearing 7 is formed by the first waist-shaped water channel 21, the axial water channel 23 and the second waist-shaped water channel 24.
  • the two-waisted water channel 24 and the axial water channel 23 extending along the axial direction solve the drawback of cooling the front bearing 7 of the current machining center motorized spindle, greatly increase the heat dissipation area of the front bearing 7, and have a remarkable cooling effect.
  • a first waist-shaped water channel 21 and a second waist-shaped water channel 24 are arranged on the front bearing seat 2, and further through the cooperation between the front bearing seat 2 and the matching body assembly 1 and the front end cover 3, a channel for the flow of the cooling medium is defined to fully Using the existing structures of the electric spindle, such as the body assembly 1 and the front end cover 3, there is no need to add more auxiliary structures, and the structure is simpler.
  • first waist-shaped water channel 21 can be directly formed on the outer peripheral surface of the front bearing seat 2, and the second waist The shaped water channel 24 can be directly formed on the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2, and the axial water channel 23 can be drilled directly on the front end surface of the front bearing seat 2, so the whole first cooling water channel is very convenient to manufacture.
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with a water inlet hole 11 and a water outlet hole, and the water inlet hole 11 and the water outlet hole are distributed on both sides of the embedded section 20, and are respectively used for the cooling medium of the first cooling water channel.
  • the first waist-shaped water channel 21 includes a first waist-shaped water channel 21(1) on the water inlet side that is connected with the water inlet hole 11 and a first waist-shaped water channel 21(8) on the water outlet side that is connected with the water outlet hole.
  • the cold night medium entering from the water inlet hole 11 flows to both sides along the first waist-shaped water channel 21(1) on the water inlet side, each circulating for half a circle, and collects in the first waist-shaped water channel 21(8) on the water outlet side, and flows out through the water outlet hole. .
  • the cooling medium around the front bearing seat 2 for half a circle the temperature of the two half circles can be relatively consistent, the uniformity of the circumferential cooling of the front bearing 7 is improved, the working stability of the electric spindle is ensured, and the first cooling water channel is avoided.
  • the excessive temperature difference causes uneven cooling of the front bearing 7 in the circumferential direction, which affects the working stability of the electric spindle.
  • Both ends of the first waist-shaped water channel 21 are directly connected to the axial water channel 23, or as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. Radial holes 22 .
  • the cooling medium provided by the machine tool spindle box enters the water inlet hole 11 on the body assembly 1 and enters the first waist-shaped water channel 21 ( 1 ) on the water inlet side on the front bearing seat 2 .
  • the first waist-shaped water channel 21(1) on the water inlet side flows to both sides and enters the radial hole 22(1) and the radial hole 22(2) respectively.
  • the cooling medium entering the radial hole 22(1) flows along the front bearing seat
  • the cooling water entering the radial hole 22(2) is circulated from the other side of the front bearing seat 2 like the cooling water entering the radial hole 22(1), and each circulation half circle is collected in the first waist-shaped water channel 21 on the water inlet side.
  • the first waist-shaped water channel 21 ( 8 ) on the opposite water outlet side flows out of the front bearing seat 2 , and this process completes the cooling of the front bearing 7 .
  • the embedded section 20 is provided with a first sealing ring mounting ring groove 25 on the front and rear sides of the first waist-shaped water channel 21
  • the first sealing ring mounting ring groove 25 is provided with a first sealing ring mounting ring groove 25 .
  • a sealing ring to prevent the cooling medium of the first waist-shaped water channel 21 from entering the interior of the body assembly 1 and causing leakage.
  • the outer periphery of the second waist-shaped water channel 24 is provided with a second sealing ring mounting ring groove 26 , and a second sealing ring is provided in the second sealing ring mounting ring groove 26 to avoid the second waist-shaped water channel.
  • the cooling medium of the water channel 24 leaks to the outside.
  • the first cooling water channel 51 communicates with the second cooling water channel 51
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with a third cooling water channel 14
  • the third cooling water channel 14 is located outside the stator 8
  • the third cooling water channel 14 can A cooling medium such as cooling water is introduced to cool the stator 8 and dissipate the heat generated by the high-power motor in time.
  • the third cooling water channel 14 is communicated with the second cooling water channel 51 , and the cooling medium flows through the first cooling water channel, the second cooling water channel 51 and the third cooling water channel 14 in sequence.
  • the cooling medium enters the electric spindle and flows through the first cooling water channel, the second cooling water channel 51 and the third cooling water channel 14 in sequence. It can effectively cool the components that generate heat during the working process of the spindle. Because the main heating component of the electric spindle of the machining center is the stator 8, the temperature of the stator 8 will increase a lot after the cooling medium cools down. Therefore, the cooling sequence of the cooling medium designed by the present invention is to first cool the front bearing 7 , then cool the rear bearing 6 , and finally cool the stator 8 .
  • the third cooling water channel 14 may be arranged in a detoured S shape, a spiral shape or a simple annular shape along the outer wall of the body assembly 1 .
  • it also includes a headstock, the outer peripheral surface of the body assembly 1 is provided with a spiral ring groove, the body assembly 1 is assembled in the headstock, the headstock is matched with the body assembly 1, and the headstock The spiral ring groove is shielded to form the third cooling water channel 14 .
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with a first axial water hole 12 connecting the water outlet and the second cooling water channel 51
  • the body assembly 1 is provided with a second axial water hole 13
  • the second axial The water hole 13 is led from the second cooling water channel 51 to the front end of the body assembly 1 and connected to the third cooling water channel 14 .
  • the cooling medium flows out from the first waist-shaped water channel 21 (8) on the water outlet side, enters the first axial water hole 12 of the body assembly 1, flows into the second cooling water channel 51 of the rear bearing seat assembly, and circulates around the second cooling water channel 51. , flows into the second axial water hole 13 of the body assembly 1, and this process completes the cooling of the rear bearing.
  • the cooling medium flowing into the second axial water hole 13 of the body assembly 1 from the second cooling water channel 51 enters the third cooling water channel 14(1), 14(2)... It reaches the water channel 14(9), and finally flows out from the water outlet of the headstock. This process completes the cooling of the stator.
  • the rear bearing seat assembly includes a rear bearing seat outer shell 4 and a rear bearing seat 5, the rear bearing seat outer shell 4 is connected with the body assembly 1, the outer ring of the rear bearing 6 is supported on the rear bearing seat 5, and the rear bearing seat 5 is connected to the rear bearing seat 5.
  • the bearing housing cover 4 is matched, and the rear bearing housing 5 can float relative to the rear bearing housing housing 4 in the axial direction.
  • the outer side of the rear bearing housing housing 4 is provided with an annular water groove.
  • the outer casing 4 is inserted into the axial inner hole, and the body assembly 1 shields the annular water groove to form the second cooling water channel 51 .
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a machine tool, including the electric spindle in any of the above embodiments, for turning, boring, drilling, milling, and the like.
  • the invention solves the disadvantage of cooling the front bearing 7 of the electric spindle of the current machining center, and designs the cooling method of annular + upper and lower water channels, so that the heat dissipation area of the front bearing 7 of the electric spindle is greatly increased, and the cooling effect is remarkable.
  • the stator Since the main heating component of the electric spindle of the machining center is the stator, the temperature of the stator will increase a lot after the cooling medium is cooled. cool down.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

一种电主轴，包括：机体组件(1)和轴芯组件，机体组件(1)设有轴向内孔；前轴承座(2)包括嵌入轴向内孔的嵌入段(20)，前轴承座(2)的前端设有前端盖(3)，前轴承座(2)设有第一冷却水道，后轴承组件设有第二冷却水道(51)，机体组件(1)内设置有第三冷却水道(14)；第一冷却水道包括：多个第一腰型水道(21)，设置于嵌入段(20)的外侧面，并沿其周向间隔分布，第一腰型水道(21)与轴向内孔匹配贴合；多个第二腰型水道(24)，设置于前轴承座(2)的前端面，并沿周向与第一腰型水道(21)交错分布，第二腰型水道(24)与前端盖(3)匹配贴合；多个轴向水道(23)，连接于交错分布的第一腰型水道(21)和第二腰型水道(24)之间，第一腰型水道(21)、轴向水道(23)和第二腰型水道(24)形成围绕前轴承(7)的第一冷却水道；第一冷却水道与第二冷却水道(51)相连通，第三冷却水道(14)与第二冷却水道(51)相连通。第一冷却水道的设置使得前轴承的散热面积增加，冷却效果显著，且结构简单，成型方便。还公开了一种包括上述电主轴的机床。

Description

一种电主轴和机床 技术领域
本发明用于车削、镗削领域，特别是涉及一种电主轴和机床。
背景技术
加工中心电主轴需要提供大的切削力和大的承载能力，因此电机的设计需求是大功率大扭矩，大功率电机必然会产生很大的热量，这部分热量会传递到前后轴承，使得轴承发热增大，大大影响后轴承的使用寿命。尤其是主轴的前轴承，因为前轴承运转产生的热量比后轴承要高。一般电主轴对前轴承的冷却都是一个简单的环形槽，散热面积小，冷却效果差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种电主轴和机床。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，一种电主轴，包括：
机体组件，设有轴向内孔，所述轴向内孔的前端设有前轴承座，所述轴向内孔的后端设有后轴承组件；
轴芯组件，设置于所述轴向内孔，所述轴芯组件的前端通过前轴承支承于所述前轴承座，所述轴芯组件的后端通过后轴承支承于所述后轴承组件；
其中，所述前轴承座包括嵌入所述轴向内孔的嵌入段，所述前轴 承座的前端设有前端盖，所述前轴承座设有第一冷却水道，所述后轴承组件设有第二冷却水道，所述第一冷却水道包括：
多个第一腰型水道，设置于所述嵌入段的外侧面，并沿周向间隔分布，所述第一腰型水道与所述轴向内孔匹配贴合；
多个第二腰型水道，设置于所述前轴承座的前端面，并沿周向与所述第一腰型水道交错分布，所述第二腰型水道与所述前端盖匹配贴合；
多个轴向水道，连接于交错分布的所述第一腰型水道和所述第二腰型水道之间，所述第一腰型水道、轴向水道和第二腰型水道形成围绕所述前轴承的第一冷却水道。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述机体组件设有进水孔和出水孔，所述进水孔和出水孔在所述嵌入段的两侧正对分布，所述第一腰型水道包括与所述进水孔对接的进水侧第一腰型水道和与所述出水孔对接的出水侧第一腰型水道，由所述进水孔进入的冷夜介质沿所述进水侧第一腰型水道向两边流动，各循环半圈，汇集在所述出水侧第一腰型水道，并经所述出水孔流出。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一腰型水道的两端开设与所述轴向水道接通的径向孔。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述嵌入段于所述第一腰型水道的前后两侧设有第一密封圈安装环槽，所述第一密封圈安装环槽中设有第一密封圈。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中， 所述第二腰型水道的外周设有第二密封圈安装环槽，所述第二密封圈安装环槽中设有第二密封圈。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一冷却水道和第二冷却水道相连通，所述机体组件设有第三冷却水道，所述第三冷却水道与所述第二冷却水道相连通，冷却介质依次流过所述第一冷却水道、所述第二冷却水道和所述第三冷却水道。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述后轴承座组件包括后轴承座外套和后轴承座，所述后轴承座外套与所述机体组件连接，所述后轴承的外圈支承于所述后轴承座，所述后轴承座与所述后轴承座外套配合，所述后轴承座能够相对于所述后轴承座外套沿轴向浮动，所述后轴承座外套的外侧设有环形水槽，所述后轴承座外套嵌入所述轴向内孔，所述机体组件遮蔽所述环形水槽以形成所述第二冷却水道。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，还包括主轴箱，所述机体组件的外周面设有螺旋环槽，所述机体组件装配于所述主轴箱内，所述主轴箱遮蔽所述螺旋环槽以形成所述第三冷却水道。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述机体组件设有连通所述出水孔和第二冷却水道的第一轴向水孔，所述机体组件设有第二轴向水孔，所述第二轴向水孔由所述第二冷却水道引至所述机体组件前端，并接入所述第三冷却水道。
第二方面，一种机床，包括第一方面中任一实现方式所述的电主 轴。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一：
由第一腰型水道、轴向水道和第二腰型水道形成的围绕前轴承的第一冷却水道，第一冷却水道既有沿周向延伸的第一腰型水道和第二腰型水道，又有沿轴向延伸的轴向水道，解决了目前加工中心电主轴前轴承冷却的弊端，使得前轴承的散热面积大大增大，冷却效果显著。
同时，在前轴承座上设置第一腰型水道和第二腰型水道，进一步通过前轴承座与配合机体组件和前端盖的配合限定出供冷却介质流动的通道，不必添加更多附属结构，结构更加简单，成型方便。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明电主轴的一个实施例结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的一个实施例前轴承座结构轴测图；
图3是图1所示的一个实施例前轴承座第一剖面结构示意图；
图4是图1所示的一个实施例前轴承座第二剖面结构示意图；
图5是图1所示的一个实施例第三冷却水道结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在 附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中，如果有描述到方向(上、下、左、右、前及后)时，其仅是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，而不是指示或暗示所指的技术特征必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，“若干”的含义是一个或者多个，“多个”的含义是两个以上，“大于”“小于”“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”“以下”“以内”等理解为包括本数。在本发明的描述中，如果有描述到“第一”“第二”仅用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明中，除非另有明确的限定，“设置”“安装”“连接”等词语应做广义理解，例如，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连；可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是一体成型；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或能够互相通讯；可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
其中，图1给出了本发明实施例的参考方向坐标系，以下结合图1所示的方向，对本发明的实施例进行说明。
参见图1，本发明的实施例提供了一种电主轴，包括机体组件1 和轴芯组件(图中未示出)，机体组件1设有轴向内孔，轴向内孔的前端设有前轴承座2，轴向内孔的后端设有后轴承组件；轴芯组件设置于轴向内孔，轴芯组件的前端通过前轴承7支承于前轴承座2，轴芯组件的后端通过后轴承6支承于后轴承组件，前轴承7和后轴承6根据需要设置一个或多个，轴芯组件能够在机体组件1中通过转子、定子8驱动旋转，并在机体组件1的前端输出扭矩。
其中，前轴承座2包括嵌入轴向内孔的嵌入段20，前轴承座2的前端设有前端盖3，前轴承座2设有第一冷却水道，用于前轴承7的冷却，后轴承组件设有第二冷却水道51，用于后轴承6的冷却，第一冷却水道包括多个第一腰型水道21、多个第二腰型水道24和多个轴向水道23。
参见图2，多个第一腰型水道21设置于嵌入段20的外侧面，并沿周向间隔分布，第一腰型水道21沿前轴承座2的周向延伸，第一腰型水道21与轴向内孔匹配贴合，在嵌入段20的外侧面形成多段供冷却介质流动的通道。
参见图4，多个第二腰型水道24设置于前轴承座2的前端面，并沿周向与第一腰型水道21交错分布，第二腰型水道24沿前轴承座2的周向延伸，第二腰型水道24与前端盖3匹配贴合，在前轴承座2的前端面形成多段供冷却介质流动的通道。
参见图3、图4，多个轴向水道23连接于交错分布的第一腰型水道21和第二腰型水道24之间，换言之，沿前轴承座2的周向，轴向水道23连接于第一腰型水道21的尾部和第二腰型水道24的头部之 间，或者，轴向水道23连接于第二腰型水道24的尾部和第一腰型水道21的头部之间，最终第一腰型水道21、轴向水道23和第二腰型水道24形成围绕前轴承7的曲折的第一冷却水道。
由第一腰型水道21、轴向水道23和第二腰型水道24形成的围绕前轴承7的第一冷却水道，第一冷却水道既有沿周向延伸的第一腰型水道21和第二腰型水道24，又有沿轴向延伸的轴向水道23，解决了目前加工中心电主轴前轴承7冷却的弊端，使得前轴承7的散热面积大大增大，冷却效果显著。
同时，在前轴承座2上设置第一腰型水道21和第二腰型水道24，进一步通过前轴承座2与配合机体组件1和前端盖3的配合限定出供冷却介质流动的通道，充分利用电主轴的既有结构如机体组件1和前端盖3，不必添加更多附属结构，结构更加简单，而且，第一腰型水道21可以直接成型于前轴承座2的外周面，第二腰型水道24可以直接成型于前轴承座2的前端面，轴向水道23直接能够在前轴承座2的前端面钻孔，整个第一冷却水道制作非常方便。
进一步的，参见图1、图2，机体组件1设有进水孔11和出水孔，进水孔11和出水孔在嵌入段20的两侧正对分布，分别用于第一冷却水道冷却介质的流入和流出，第一腰型水道21包括与进水孔11对接的进水侧第一腰型水道21(1)和与出水孔对接的出水侧第一腰型水道21(8)，由进水孔11进入的冷夜介质沿进水侧第一腰型水道21(1)向两边流动，各循环半圈，汇集在出水侧第一腰型水道21(8)，并经出水孔流出。通过将冷却介质绕前轴承座2各循环半圈，能够使 两个半圈的温度相对一致，提升前轴承7周向冷却的均一性，保证电主轴的工作稳定性，避免因第一冷却水道沿周向随着冷却路径的延伸，温差过大导致前轴承7周向冷却不均匀，影响电主轴的工作稳定性。
第一腰型水道21的两端与轴向水道23直接接通，或者如图2、图4所示的一些实施例，第一腰型水道21的两端开设与轴向水道23接通的径向孔22。具体的，机床主轴箱提供的冷却介质进入机体组件1上的进水孔11、进入前轴承座2上的进水侧第一腰型水道21(1)，沿着前轴承座2侧面上的进水侧第一腰型水道21(1)往两边流动，分别进入径向孔22(1)和径向孔22(2)，进入径向孔22(1)的冷却介质沿着前轴承座2的轴向水道23(1)流动，进入前轴承座2端面的第二腰形水道24(1)，从而进入轴向水道23(2)、22(3),再回到前轴承座2侧面上的另一个第一腰形水道21(2)，再进行下一个循环。进入径向孔22(2)的冷却水和进入径向孔22(1)的冷却水一样从前轴承座2另外一边进行循环，各循环半圈，汇集在与进水侧第一腰型水道21(1)相对的出水侧第一腰型水道21(8)，流出前轴承座2，此过程完成对前轴承7的冷却。
在一些实施例中，参见图1、图4，嵌入段20于第一腰型水道21的前后两侧设有第一密封圈安装环槽25，第一密封圈安装环槽25中设有第一密封圈，避免第一腰型水道21的冷却介质进入机体组件1内部，发生泄漏。
在一些实施例中，参见图4，第二腰型水道24的外周设有第二 密封圈安装环槽26，第二密封圈安装环槽26中设有第二密封圈，避免第二腰型水道24的冷却介质向外泄露。
在一些实施例中，参见图1，第一冷却水道和第二冷却水道51相连通，机体组件1设有第三冷却水道14，第三冷却水道14位于定子8外侧，第三冷却水道14能够通入冷却水等冷却介质，以实现对于定子8的冷却，及时散去大功率电机产生的热量。
参见图1，第三冷却水道14与第二冷却水道51相连通，冷却介质依次流过第一冷却水道、第二冷却水道51和第三冷却水道14。工作时，冷却介质进入电主轴，依次流过第一冷却水道、第二冷却水道51和第三冷却水道14。可以有效地对主轴工作过程中产生热量的部件进行冷却，因加工中心电主轴最主要的发热部件是定子8，冷却介质冷却完定子8温度会升高很多，优先冷却轴承使轴承得到充分冷却，因此，本发明设计的冷却介质的冷却顺序是先冷却前轴承7，再冷却后轴承6，最后冷却定子8。
其中，第三冷却水道14可以设置为沿机体组件1外壁呈迂回的S形、螺旋形或简单的环形。在一些实施例中，参见图1、图5，还包括主轴箱，机体组件1的外周面设有螺旋环槽，机体组件1装配于主轴箱内，主轴箱与机体组件1相匹配，主轴箱遮蔽螺旋环槽以形成第三冷却水道14。
进一步的，参见图1、图5，机体组件1设有连通出水孔和第二冷却水道51的第一轴向水孔12，机体组件1设有第二轴向水孔13，第二轴向水孔13由第二冷却水道51引至机体组件1前端，并接入第 三冷却水道14。冷却介质从出水侧第一腰型水道21(8)流出，进入机体组件1的第一轴向水孔12,流入后轴承座组件的第二冷却水道51，沿着第二冷却水道51环行一周，流入机体组件1的第二轴向水孔13,此过程完成对后轴承的冷却。
从第二冷却水道51流入机体组件1的第二轴向水孔13的冷却介质进入机体外部的第三冷却水道14(1)、14(2)…,如此在机体外部水道上循环冷却，直至到达水道14(9)，最后从主轴箱出水口流出，此过程完成对定子的冷却。
参见图1，后轴承座组件包括后轴承座外套4和后轴承座5，后轴承座外套4与机体组件1连接，后轴承6的外圈支承于后轴承座5，后轴承座5与后轴承座外套4配合，后轴承座5能够相对于后轴承座外套4沿轴向浮动，后轴承座外套4的外侧设有环形水槽，环形水槽可以根据需要设置一圈或多圈，后轴承座外套4嵌入轴向内孔，机体组件1遮蔽环形水槽以形成第二冷却水道51。
本发明的实施例还提供一种机床，包括以上任一实施例中的电主轴，用于车削、镗削、钻削、铣削等。
本发明解决了目前加工中心电主轴前轴承7冷却的弊端，设计了环形+上下水道的冷却方式，使得电主轴前轴承7的散热面积大大增大，冷却效果显著。
而且，可以有效地对主轴工作过程中产生热量的部件进行冷却，因加工中心电主轴最主要的发热部件是定子，冷却介质冷却完定子温度会升高很多，本发明优先冷却轴承使轴承得到充分冷却。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“示例”、“实施例”或“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电主轴，其特征在于，包括：
    机体组件，设有轴向内孔，所述轴向内孔的前端设有前轴承座，所述轴向内孔的后端设有后轴承组件；
    轴芯组件，设置于所述轴向内孔，所述轴芯组件的前端通过前轴承支承于所述前轴承座，所述轴芯组件的后端通过后轴承支承于所述后轴承组件；
    其中，所述前轴承座包括嵌入所述轴向内孔的嵌入段，所述前轴承座的前端设有前端盖，所述前轴承座设有第一冷却水道，所述后轴承组件设有第二冷却水道，所述第一冷却水道包括：
    多个第一腰型水道，设置于所述嵌入段的外侧面，并沿周向间隔分布，所述第一腰型水道与所述轴向内孔匹配贴合；
    多个第二腰型水道，设置于所述前轴承座的前端面，并沿周向与所述第一腰型水道交错分布，所述第二腰型水道与所述前端盖匹配贴合；
    多个轴向水道，连接于交错分布的所述第一腰型水道和所述第二腰型水道之间，所述第一腰型水道、轴向水道和第二腰型水道形成围绕所述前轴承的第一冷却水道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述机体组件设有进水孔和出水孔，所述进水孔和出水孔在所述嵌入段的两侧正对分布，所述第一腰型水道包括与所述进水孔对接的进水侧第一腰型水道和与所述出水孔对接的出水侧第一腰型水道，由所述进水孔进入 的冷夜介质沿所述进水侧第一腰型水道向两边流动，各循环半圈，汇集在所述出水侧第一腰型水道，并经所述出水孔流出。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述第一腰型水道的两端开设与所述轴向水道接通的径向孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述嵌入段于所述第一腰型水道的前后两侧设有第一密封圈安装环槽，所述第一密封圈安装环槽中设有第一密封圈。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述第二腰型水道的外周设有第二密封圈安装环槽，所述第二密封圈安装环槽中设有第二密封圈。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述第一冷却水道和第二冷却水道相连通，所述机体组件设有第三冷却水道，所述第三冷却水道与所述第二冷却水道相连通，冷却介质依次流过所述第一冷却水道、所述第二冷却水道和所述第三冷却水道。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述后轴承座组件包括后轴承座外套和后轴承座，所述后轴承座外套与所述机体组件连接，所述后轴承的外圈支承于所述后轴承座，所述后轴承座与所述后轴承座外套配合，所述后轴承座能够相对于所述后轴承座外套沿轴向浮动，所述后轴承座外套的外侧设有环形水槽，所述后轴承座外套嵌入所述轴向内孔，所述机体组件遮蔽所述环形水槽以形成所述第二冷却水道。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电主轴，其特征在于，还包括主轴 箱，所述机体组件的外周面设有螺旋环槽，所述机体组件装配于所述主轴箱内，所述主轴箱遮蔽所述螺旋环槽以形成所述第三冷却水道。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电主轴，其特征在于，所述机体组件设有连通所述出水孔和第二冷却水道的第一轴向水孔，所述机体组件设有第二轴向水孔，所述第二轴向水孔由所述第二冷却水道引至所述机体组件前端，并接入所述第三冷却水道。
  10. 一种机床，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～9中任一项所述的电主轴。
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