WO2022156091A1 - 一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床 - Google Patents

一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156091A1
WO2022156091A1 PCT/CN2021/092495 CN2021092495W WO2022156091A1 WO 2022156091 A1 WO2022156091 A1 WO 2022156091A1 CN 2021092495 W CN2021092495 W CN 2021092495W WO 2022156091 A1 WO2022156091 A1 WO 2022156091A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
shaft core
electric spindle
hole
inner hole
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PCT/CN2021/092495
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
纪云龙
刘汉忠
汤丽君
汤秀清
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广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022156091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156091A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the field of working spindles of machine tools, and particularly relates to an electric spindle shaft core assembly, an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • the swing head spindle is one of the core components of the five-axis linkage CNC machining center.
  • the space for the swing head spindle to be installed on the swing head is limited, so the axial structure of the swing head spindle is required to be as short as possible under the premise of satisfying the processing performance.
  • One of the main reasons for the long axial dimension of the swing head spindle is that the size of the broaching mechanism is too long.
  • the broaching system of the classic OTT shaft core assembly (as shown in Figure 1) provides thrust and unloads the tool by the axial external oil cylinder, elastic The element provides a reverse thrust to realize the broach, resulting in a very long broach structure.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an electric spindle shaft core assembly, an electric spindle and a machine tool.
  • an electric spindle shaft core assembly includes a shaft core, a pull rod and a pull claw assembly, the shaft core is provided with an axial inner hole, the pull rod is arranged in the axial inner hole, and the front end of the pull rod is provided with an axial inner hole.
  • the oil cylinder assembly includes a piston base, a pull rod piston and a pull rod end cover.
  • the pull rod It is connected to the draw rod piston through the piston base, a first oil cavity is formed between the draw rod piston and the draw rod end cover, a second oil cavity is formed between the draw rod piston and the piston base, and the
  • the shaft core is provided with a first oil passage communicating with the first oil chamber, and the shaft core is provided with a second oil passage communicating with the second oil chamber.
  • the tie rod is provided with a pin seat, the outer peripheral surface of the pin seat is provided with a pin hole, and the pin hole is provided with a pin and a pin for attaching the pin.
  • the sliding core is matched with the pulling claw assembly and is in a broaching state.
  • the end of the pin has a spherical surface or a conical surface matched with the hole.
  • the hole position is a stepped hole that can limit the radial position of the pin.
  • a second elastic member for pushing the pull rod is provided in the first oil chamber.
  • an oil supply assembly is provided in the axial inner hole behind the oil cylinder assembly, and the oil supply assembly includes an oil guide rod,
  • the oil guide rod is mounted on the axial inner hole through a bearing, the oil guide rod is provided with a third oil passage and a fourth oil passage, and the third oil passage forms a third oil passage on the outer peripheral surface of the oil guide rod.
  • the first oil passage forms a first oil inlet on the inner wall surface of the axial inner hole
  • the oil guide rod is sleeved on both sides of the first oil outlet to connect the
  • the fourth oil passage forms a second oil outlet on the outer peripheral surface of the oil guide rod
  • the second oil passage is in the axial direction
  • a second oil inlet is formed on the inner wall of the inner hole, and the oil guide rod is sleeved on both sides of the second oil outlet with a second sealing ring that transitionally connects the second oil outlet and the second oil inlet .
  • the axial inner hole is provided with a first oil guide that cooperates with the first sealing ring on the outer side of the oil guide rod
  • the outer side of the first oil guide ring is provided with a first outer groove at a position corresponding to the first oil inlet, and the first outer groove is provided with a number of first radial holes;
  • the outer side of the oil rod is provided with a second oil guide ring that cooperates with the second sealing ring.
  • the outer side of the second oil guide ring is provided with a second outer groove at a position corresponding to the second oil inlet.
  • the second outer groove A plurality of second radial holes are opened.
  • the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are both rubber sealing rings, and the outer edge of the first sealing ring is bent inward folded, the outer edge of the first sealing ring is in contact with the first oil guide ring, the outer edge of the second sealing ring is bent inward, and the outer edge of the second sealing ring is in contact with the second oil guide ring Abut.
  • an electric spindle includes the electric spindle shaft core assembly according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • a third aspect provides a machine tool, including the electric spindle described in any implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the present invention cancels the long elastic preloading element in the general shaft core assembly, and sets the oil cylinder inside the shaft core, and the oil cylinder is used alternately through the high-pressure oil circuit, which can realize both unloading and broaching, At the same time no elastic elements are required.
  • the structure greatly shortens the length of the broaching mechanism, thereby greatly shortening the axial distance of the main shaft, and providing a reliable guarantee for reducing the length of the main shaft.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broaching system of a shaft core assembly in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram at the beginning of the unloading of an embodiment shown in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil flowing into the first oil cavity of the first oil circuit according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil flowing into the second oil passage in the second oil chamber of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 after unloading the knife;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the completed structure of the broach of one embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • “several” means one or more, “multiple” means two or more, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding”, etc. are understood as not including this number; “above”, “below” and “within” “ etc. are understood to include the original number.
  • “first” and “second” are only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features or Implicitly indicates the order of the indicated technical features.
  • words such as “set”, “install” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be a fixed connection or a
  • the detachable connection can also be integrally formed; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be the internal communication between the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • FIG. 2 shows the reference direction coordinate system of the embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in FIG. 2 .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric spindle shaft core assembly, including a shaft core 1, a pull rod 2 and a pull claw assembly 3, the shaft core 1 is provided with an axial inner hole, and the pull rod 2 is provided in the axial inner hole , the front end of the pull rod 2 is provided with a sliding core 4 that cooperates with the claw assembly 3, and the sliding core 4 is locked by the pull rod top wire 5 to avoid back loosening.
  • the axial inner hole there is an oil cylinder assembly behind the pull claw assembly 3.
  • the oil cylinder assembly is integrated in the axial inner hole of the shaft core 1.
  • the oil cylinder assembly includes a piston base 6, a pull rod piston 7 and a pull rod end cover 8. The pull rod 2 passes through.
  • the tie rod piston 7 is connected through the piston base 6, a first oil cavity 9 is formed between the tie rod piston 7 and the tie rod end cover 8, a second oil cavity 10 is formed between the tie rod piston 7 and the piston base 6, and the shaft core 1 is provided with The first oil passage 11 that communicates with the first oil chamber 9 , see FIG. 5 , the shaft core 1 is provided with a second oil passage 12 that communicates with the second oil chamber 10 .
  • the electric spindle shaft core assembly realizes two states by controlling the oil pressure of the first oil passage 11 and the second oil passage 12 - unloading and broaching.
  • the first oil circuit 11 of the external oil pressure feeds high-pressure oil (the second oil circuit 12 has no oil pressure as the oil circuit for recovering oil), and the high-pressure oil passes through the first oil circuit 11.
  • the channel 11 flows into the first oil chamber 9, pushes the pull rod 2 to move forward, the sliding core 4 cooperates with the pull claw assembly 3, the pull claw assembly 3 is retracted, and the tool bar is released to ensure the rapid unloading action, and finally enter the unloading completed state.
  • the oil in the second oil chamber 10 is pressurized and flows into the second oil passage 12 of the shaft core 1 through the hole of the piston base 6 to flow back for recovery.
  • the passage of the pressure oil in this process is shown in Figure 5.
  • the second oil passage 12 is connected to high pressure oil, the first oil passage 11 has no oil pressure and is recovered. At this time, the high pressure oil of the second oil passage 12 flows into the inner hole of the piston base 6 and enters the second oil passage 12.
  • the oil chamber 10 drives the tie rod piston 7 to move upward, so that the piston drives the tie rod 2 to move axially, the sliding core 4 cooperates with the pull claw assembly 3, and the tool handle (not shown in the figure) is tightened. Refer to Figure 7 to complete the broach .
  • the present invention cancels the long elastic preloading element in the general shaft core assembly, and sets the oil cylinder inside the shaft core 1, and the oil cylinder is used alternately through the high-pressure oil circuit, which can realize both unloading and broaching. , while no elastic elements are required.
  • the structure greatly shortens the length of the broaching mechanism, thereby greatly shortening the axial distance of the main shaft, and providing a reliable guarantee for reducing the length of the main shaft.
  • the tie rod 2 is provided with a pin seat 13 , the outer peripheral surface of the pin seat 13 is provided with a pin hole, and the pin hole is provided with a pin 14 and a first elastic member for pushing the pin 14 outward 15.
  • the pin 14 and the pin hole are in clearance fit.
  • the first elastic member 15 can be made of springs, shrapnel, etc.
  • the axial inner hole is provided with a hole position 16 that cooperates with the pin 14, and the first oil passage 11 communicates with the hole position 16.
  • the sliding core 4 cooperates with the pulling claw assembly 3 and is in a broaching state.
  • the hole 16 is used not only for guiding oil, but also for matching with the pin 14 to realize the positioning of the tie rod 2, so as to avoid the axial or circumferential displacement of the tie rod 2 during the rotation of the shaft core 1, and ensure the stability of the broach.
  • the high-pressure oil of the first oil passage 11 enters the hole 16 , and then the high-pressure oil pushes the pin 14 into the pin hole against the elastic force of the first elastic member 15 .
  • the tie rod 2 moves axially.
  • the high-pressure oil in the oil passage 11 quickly fills the first oil cavity 9, and pushes the pull rod 2 to move rapidly, so as to ensure that the pull rod 2 realizes the rapid unloading action, and finally enters the complete state of unloading.
  • the high-pressure oil enters the second oil chamber 10 through the second oil passage 12, and drives the tie rod piston 7 to move upward, so that the tie rod piston 7 drives the tie rod 2 to move axially.
  • the preset hole position 16 is preset, the tie rod 2 begins to be tensioned, and the tool handle (not shown in the figure) begins to be tensioned.
  • the preset hole position 16 is slowly reached, the pin 14 is inserted, and the broach is completed. Refer to the figure 7. At this time, the oil pressure of the second oil circuit 12 can be closed. At this time, even if the oil pressure is still being passed on, the tie rod 2 will not have any tendency to move.
  • the end of the pin 14 has a spherical or conical surface matched with the hole 16 .
  • the function of the circular or conical surface is to have a special unloading state during the unloading process, that is, this state.
  • the spherical or conical surface of the pin 14 is in contact with the hole 16, and the shank can be taken out only when there is a sufficient preset axial force to compress the first elastic member so that the pin 14 is completely separated from the hole 16. , so as to avoid the sudden drop of the tool during the unloading process.
  • the hole position 16 can be set as a cylindrical hole or a stepped hole.
  • the hole position 16 is a stepped hole with different inner diameters. More reliable and stable.
  • an oil supply assembly is provided in the axial inner hole behind the oil cylinder assembly to provide the broach, unloading
  • the knife provides oil.
  • the oil supply assembly includes an oil guide rod 17.
  • the oil guide rod 17 is installed in the axial inner hole through a bearing 18.
  • One or more bearings 18 are provided.
  • the oil guide rod 17 is provided with a third oil passage 19 and a fourth oil passage 20. Both the third oil passage 19 and the fourth oil passage 20 extend forward from the rear end of the oil guide rod 17.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the rod 17 forms a first oil outlet 21
  • the first oil passage 11 forms a first oil inlet 22 on the inner wall surface of the axial inner hole
  • the oil guide rod 17 is sleeved on both sides of the first oil outlet 21 .
  • the first sealing ring 23 of the first oil outlet 21 and the first oil inlet 22 is transitionally connected
  • the third oil passage 19 of the oil guide rod 17 and the first oil passage 11 of the shaft core 1 are transitionally connected through the first sealing ring 23 , to realize the oil intake and oil return of the high-pressure oil to the first oil chamber 9 .
  • the fourth oil passage 20 forms a second oil outlet 24 on the outer peripheral surface of the oil guide rod 17. Referring to FIG.
  • the second oil passage 12 forms a second oil inlet port 25 on the inner wall surface of the axial inner hole.
  • 17 On both sides of the second oil outlet 24 are sleeves a second sealing ring 26 that transitionally connects the second oil outlet 24 and the second oil inlet 25, the fourth oil passage 20 of the oil guide rod 17 and the first oil passage of the shaft core 1.
  • the second oil passages 12 are connected in transition through the second sealing ring 26 , so that the high-pressure oil can be fed into and returned to the second oil chamber 10 .
  • the first sealing ring 23 and the second sealing ring 26 cooperate directly or indirectly with the axial inner hole.
  • the axial inner hole is provided with a A first oil guide ring 27 matched with the seal ring 23 , the first oil guide ring 27 is fixedly installed in the axial inner hole, and a first outer groove 28 is defined on the outside of the first oil guide ring 27 at a position corresponding to the first oil inlet 22 .
  • the first outer groove 28 is provided with a number of first radial holes 29; correspondingly, the axial inner hole is provided with a second oil guide ring 30 that cooperates with the second sealing ring 26 on the outer side of the oil guide rod 17.
  • the oil ring 30 is fixedly installed in the axial inner hole.
  • a second outer groove 31 is defined on the outside of the second oil guide ring 30 at a position corresponding to the second oil inlet 25 , and a plurality of second radial holes 32 are defined in the second outer groove 31 .
  • the oil pressure supplies high-pressure oil to the third oil passage 19 of the oil guide rod 17 , and the high-pressure oil enters the first oil guide ring 27 through the third oil passage 19 , and passes through the first diameter of the first oil guide ring 27 .
  • the first outer groove 28 of the first oil guide ring 27 flows into the hole 29 , and then flows into the first oil passage 11 of the shaft core 1 through the radial hole of the shaft core 1 at this position.
  • the oil in the second oil chamber 10 is pressurized and flows into the second oil passage 12 of the shaft core 1 through the hole of the piston base 6, and then flows into the second oil guide ring 30 above, and finally passes through the guide.
  • the fourth oil passage 20 of the oil rod 17 flows back for recovery.
  • the broaching process is the opposite of the above action steps, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first sealing ring 23 and the second sealing ring 26 are used for the sealing transition connection between the oil guide rod 17 and the shaft core 1.
  • the first sealing ring 23 and the second sealing ring 26 can be made of appropriate materials as required, for example, in some implementations
  • the first seal ring 23 and the second seal ring 26 are both rubber seal rings
  • the outer edge of the first seal ring 23 is in contact with the first oil guide ring 27, and the outer edge of the second seal ring 26 is in contact with the second guide ring 27.
  • the oil ring 30 abuts.
  • the outer edge of the first sealing ring 23 is bent inward
  • the outer edge of the second sealing ring 26 is bent inward. Sex is better.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric spindle, including the electric spindle shaft core assembly in any of the above embodiments.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a machine tool, including the electric spindle in any of the above embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床，包括轴芯（1）、拉杆（2）和拉爪组件（3），轴芯（1）设有轴向内孔，拉杆（2）设置于轴向内孔，拉杆（2）前端设有与拉爪组件（3）配合的滑动芯（4），轴向内孔中于拉爪组件（3）的后方设有油缸组件，油缸组件包括活塞底座（6）、拉杆活塞（7）和拉杆端盖（8），拉杆（2）穿过活塞底座（6）与拉杆活塞（7）连接，拉杆活塞（7）与拉杆端盖（8）之间形成第一油腔（9），拉杆活塞（7）与活塞底座（6）之间形成第二油腔（10），轴芯（1）上设有与第一油腔（9）连通的第一油路（11），轴芯（1）上设有与第二油腔（10）连通的第二油路（12）。

Description

一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床 技术领域
本发明用于机床工作主轴领域，特别是涉及一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床。
背景技术
近年来五轴联动数控加工中心的应用越来越广泛，特别适用于对异性复杂零件进行高效、高质量加工，五轴联动技术对国家航天、航空、军事、科研、精密器械、高精医疗设备等领域有着重要的影响。
摆头主轴是五轴联动数控加工中心的核心部件之一，摆头主轴安装在摆头上的空间有限，因此要求摆头主轴在满足加工性能的前提下轴向结构尽可能短，而目前导致摆头主轴轴向尺寸较长的主要原因之一就是拉刀机构尺寸过长，经典的OTT轴芯组件的拉刀系统(如图1所示)由轴向外部油缸提供推力并卸刀，弹性元件提供反向推力实现拉刀，导致拉刀结构十分长。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种电主轴轴芯组件、电主轴和机床。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，一种电主轴轴芯组件，包括轴芯、拉杆和拉爪组件，所述轴芯设有轴向内孔，所述拉杆设置于所述轴向内孔，所述拉杆前端设有与所述拉爪组件配合的滑动芯，所述轴向内孔中于所述拉爪组 件的后方设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括活塞底座、拉杆活塞和拉杆端盖，所述拉杆穿过所述活塞底座与所述拉杆活塞连接，所述拉杆活塞与所述拉杆端盖之间形成第一油腔，所述拉杆活塞与所述活塞底座之间形成第二油腔，所述轴芯上设有与所述第一油腔连通的第一油路，所述轴芯上设有与所述第二油腔连通的第二油路。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述拉杆设有销钉座，所述销钉座外周面设有销钉孔，所述销钉孔中设有销钉和用于将所述销钉向外顶出的第一弹性部件，所述轴向内孔设有与所述销钉配合的孔位，所述第一油路与所述孔位相连通，所述销钉嵌入所述孔位时所述滑动芯与所述拉爪组件配合并处于拉刀状态。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述销钉的端部具有与所述孔位配合的球面或锥面。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述孔位为能够限制所述销钉径向位置的阶梯孔。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一油腔中设有用于顶推所述拉杆的第二弹性部件。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴向内孔中于所述油缸组件的后方设有供油组件，所述供油组件包括导油杆，所述导油杆通过轴承安装于所述轴向内孔，所述导油杆设有第三油路和第四油路，所述第三油路在所述导油杆的外周面形成第一出油口，所述第一油路在所述轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第一进油口，所述导油杆于所述第一出油口两侧套装有过渡连接所述第一出油 口和第一进油口的第一密封环，所述第四油路在所述导油杆的外周面形成第二出油口，所述第二油路在所述轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第二进油口，所述导油杆于所述第二出油口两侧套装有过渡连接所述第二出油口和第二进油口的第二密封环。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴向内孔中于所述导油杆的外侧设有与所述第一密封环配合的第一导油环，所述第一导油环外侧在对应第一进油口的位置开设第一外槽，所述第一外槽开设若干第一径向孔；所述轴向内孔中于所述导油杆的外侧设有与所述第二密封环配合的第二导油环，所述第二导油环外侧在对应第二进油口的位置开设第二外槽，所述第二外槽开设若干第二径向孔。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述第一密封环和第二密封环均为橡胶密封环，所述第一密封环的外缘向内侧弯折，所述第一密封环的外缘与第一导油环抵接，所述第二密封环的外缘向内侧弯折，所述第二密封环的外缘与第二导油环抵接。
第二方面，一种电主轴，包括第一方面中任一实现方式所述的电主轴轴芯组件。
第三方面，一种机床，包括第二方面任一实现方式所述的电主轴。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一：
1.本发明取消了一般轴芯组件中的长度很大的弹性预紧元件，且 将油缸设置到轴芯内部，油缸通过高压油路的交替使用，既可以实现卸刀也可以实现拉刀，同时不需要弹性元件。本结构大大缩短了拉刀机构的长度，进而实现大幅缩短主轴轴向距离，为缩小主轴长度提供可靠保证。
2.取消了原有细长的拉杆，且本套发明各个组件的精度以及配合精度均与普通油缸一致，有效降低加工难度和成本。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是现有技术中轴芯组件的拉刀系统结构示意图；
图2是本发明一个实施例结构示意图；
图3是图2所示的一个实施例卸刀开始时结构示意图；
图4是图2所示的一个实施例第一油路的油流入第一油腔结构示意图；
图5是图2所示的一个实施例第二油腔的油流入第二油路结构示意图；
图6是图2所示的一个实施例卸刀完成结构示意图；
图7是图2所示的一个实施例拉刀完成结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在 附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中，如果有描述到方向(上、下、左、右、前及后)时，其仅是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，而不是指示或暗示所指的技术特征必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，“若干”的含义是一个或者多个，“多个”的含义是两个以上，“大于”“小于”“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”“以下”“以内”等理解为包括本数。在本发明的描述中，如果有描述到“第一”“第二”仅用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明中，除非另有明确的限定，“设置”“安装”“连接”等词语应做广义理解，例如，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连；可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是一体成型；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或能够互相通讯；可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
其中，图2给出了本实用新型实施例的参考方向坐标系，以下结合图2所示的方向，对本实用新型的实施例进行说明。
参见图2，本发明的实施例提供了一种电主轴轴芯组件，包括轴 芯1、拉杆2和拉爪组件3，轴芯1设有轴向内孔，拉杆2设置于轴向内孔，拉杆2前端设有与拉爪组件3配合的滑动芯4，滑动芯4通过拉杆顶丝5锁紧，避免反松。轴向内孔中于拉爪组件3的后方设有油缸组件，油缸组件集成于轴芯1的轴向内孔中，油缸组件包括活塞底座6、拉杆活塞7和拉杆端盖8，拉杆2穿过活塞底座6与拉杆活塞7连接，拉杆活塞7与拉杆端盖8之间形成第一油腔9，拉杆活塞7与活塞底座6之间形成第二油腔10，轴芯1上设有与第一油腔9连通的第一油路11，参见图5，轴芯1上设有与第二油腔10连通的第二油路12。
该电主轴轴芯组件通过对第一油路11、第二油路12的油压的控制来实现2种状态——卸刀、拉刀。
参见图3-图6，初始装配完成时，此时外界油压给路第一油路11通高压油(第二油路12无油压作为回收油的油路)，高压油通过第一油路11流入第一油腔9，推动拉杆2向前运动，滑动芯4与拉爪组件3配合，拉爪组件3收拢，释放刀杆，保证实现快速卸刀动作，最终进入卸刀完成状态。拉杆2发生轴向运动过程中，第二油腔10中的油受压通过活塞底座6的孔流入轴芯1的第二油路12流回回收。此过程压力油的通路如图5所示。
从卸刀状态到拉刀状态时，第二油路12通高压油，第一油路11无油压并进行回收，此时第二油路12的高压油流入活塞底座6内孔进入第二油腔10，带动拉杆活塞7向上动作，实现活塞带动拉杆2轴向位移，滑动芯4与拉爪组件3配合，刀柄(图中未画出)被拉紧， 参见图7，完成拉刀。
本发明具有以下特点：
1.本发明取消了一般轴芯组件中的长度很大的弹性预紧元件，且将油缸设置到轴芯1内部，油缸通过高压油路的交替使用，既可以实现卸刀也可以实现拉刀，同时不需要弹性元件。本结构大大缩短了拉刀机构的长度，进而实现大幅缩短主轴轴向距离，为缩小主轴长度提供可靠保证。
2.取消了原有细长的拉杆2，且本套发明各个组件的精度以及配合精度均与普通油缸一致，有效降低加工难度和成本。
在一些实施例中，参见图2，拉杆2设有销钉座13，销钉座13外周面设有销钉孔，销钉孔中设有销钉14和用于将销钉14向外顶出的第一弹性部件15，销钉14与销钉孔为间隙配合，第一弹性部件15可采用弹簧、弹片等，轴向内孔设有与销钉14配合的孔位16，第一油路11与孔位16相连通，销钉14嵌入孔位16时滑动芯4与拉爪组件3配合并处于拉刀状态。孔位16既用于导油，又用于与销钉14适配实现拉杆2定位，避免拉杆2在轴芯1转动过程中发生轴向或周向位移，保证拉刀的稳定性。
具体的，参见图3、图4，第一油路11的高压油进入孔位16，随即高压油克服第一弹性部件15的弹力将销钉14顶入销钉孔内，此阶段可以在第一油腔9内的弹簧力(图中未展示)的作用下或外部轴向拉力作用下，拉杆2发生轴向运动，当在此阶段运动一定微小位移后，进入开始卸刀状态，此时第一油路11的高压油迅速充满第一油 腔9，推动拉杆2快速运动，保证拉杆2实现快速卸刀动作，最终进入卸刀完成状态。
从卸刀状态到拉刀状态时，高压油经过第二油路12进入第二油腔10，带动拉杆活塞7向上动作，实现拉杆活塞7带动拉杆2轴向位移，在未达到轴芯1的预设孔位16时，拉杆2就开始受拉力，刀柄(图中未画出)开始被拉紧，当缓慢达到预设的孔位16时，销钉14卡入，完成拉刀，参见图7，此时即可关闭第二油路12油压。此时即使仍然在通油压，拉杆2也不会有运动趋势。
进一步的，参见图2，销钉14的端部具有与孔位16配合的球面或锥面，圆面或锥面的作用是可以在卸刀过程中存在一段的特殊的卸刀状态，即该状态下，销钉14的球面或锥面与孔位16抵接，刀柄只有在足够的预设的轴向力，以将第一弹性部件压缩，使销钉14完全与孔位16脱离下才可以取出，这样可以避免卸刀过程中刀具突然坠落。通过调整锥面角度可以实现不同的预设卸刀轴向力，也可以在第一油腔9中安设第二弹性部件来顶推拉杆2，以取消上述特殊的卸刀状态，从而直接实现快速卸刀。
孔位16可以设置为圆柱孔或阶梯孔，例如在图3所示的一些实施例中，孔位16为内径尺寸不同的阶梯孔，作用是保证销钉14卡在预设的径向位置，配合更加可靠稳定。
由于将油缸组件设置于轴芯1内部，这为油缸的供油提供了挑战，为此，参见图2，轴向内孔中于油缸组件的后方设有供油组件，来为拉刀、卸刀提供油，供油组件包括导油杆17，导油杆17通过轴 承18安装于轴向内孔，轴承18设置一个或多个，当设置多个轴承18时，相邻轴承18之间设有轴承内环隔套和轴承外环隔套，轴芯1后端设有轴承压盖。导油杆17设有第三油路19和第四油路20，第三油路19和第四油路20均由导油杆17的后端向前延伸，第三油路19在导油杆17的外周面形成第一出油口21，第一油路11在轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第一进油口22，导油杆17于第一出油口21两侧套装有过渡连接第一出油口21和第一进油口22的第一密封环23，导油杆17的第三油路19和轴芯1的第一油路11通过第一密封环23过渡连接，实现高压油对于第一油腔9的进油和回油。第四油路20在导油杆17的外周面形成第二出油口24，参见图5，第二油路12在轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第二进油口25，导油杆17于第二出油口24两侧套装有过渡连接第二出油口24和第二进油口25的第二密封环26，导油杆17的第四油路20和轴芯1的第二油路12通过第二密封环26过渡连接，实现高压油对于第二油腔10的进油和回油。
其中，第一密封环23、第二密封环26与轴向内孔直接或间接配合，例如图2所示的一些实施例中，轴向内孔中于导油杆17的外侧设有与第一密封环23配合的第一导油环27，第一导油环27固定安装于轴向内孔，第一导油环27外侧在对应第一进油口22的位置开设第一外槽28，第一外槽28开设若干第一径向孔29；对应的，轴向内孔中于导油杆17的外侧设有与第二密封环26配合的第二导油环30，第二导油环30固定安装于轴向内孔，第二导油环30外侧在对应第二进油口25的位置开设第二外槽31，第二外槽31开设若干第二径向 孔32。卸刀过程中，油压给导油杆17的第三油路19通高压油，高压油通过第三油路19进入第一导油环27，并通过第一导油环27的第一径向孔29流入第一导油环27的第一外槽28，再通过轴芯1在该位置的径向孔流入轴芯1的第一油路11。拉杆2发生轴向运动过程中，第二油腔10中的油受压通过活塞底座6的孔流入轴芯1的第二油路12，再流入上面的第二导油环30，最后通过导油杆17的第四油路20流回回收。拉刀过程与上述动作步骤相反，不再赘述。
第一密封环23和第二密封环26用于导油杆17和轴芯1之间的密封过渡连接，第一密封环23和第二密封环26可根据需要选用合适材料，例如在一些实施例中，第一密封环23和第二密封环26均为橡胶密封环，第一密封环23的外缘与第一导油环27抵接，第二密封环26的外缘与第二导油环30抵接。而且，第一密封环23的外缘向内侧弯折，第二密封环26的外缘向内侧弯折，内部的油压越高，密封环与导油环的抵接更加紧密，密封性更佳。
本发明的实施例提供了一种电主轴，包括以上任一实施例中的电主轴轴芯组件。
本发明的实施例提供了一种机床，包括以上任一实施例中的电主轴。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“示例”、“实施例”或“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而 且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，包括轴芯、拉杆和拉爪组件，所述轴芯设有轴向内孔，所述拉杆设置于所述轴向内孔，所述拉杆前端设有与所述拉爪组件配合的滑动芯，所述轴向内孔中于所述拉爪组件的后方设有油缸组件，所述油缸组件包括活塞底座、拉杆活塞和拉杆端盖，所述拉杆穿过所述活塞底座与所述拉杆活塞连接，所述拉杆活塞与所述拉杆端盖之间形成第一油腔，所述拉杆活塞与所述活塞底座之间形成第二油腔，所述轴芯上设有与所述第一油腔连通的第一油路，所述轴芯上设有与所述第二油腔连通的第二油路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述拉杆设有销钉座，所述销钉座外周面设有销钉孔，所述销钉孔中设有销钉和用于将所述销钉向外顶出的第一弹性部件，所述轴向内孔设有与所述销钉配合的孔位，所述第一油路与所述孔位相连通，所述销钉嵌入所述孔位时所述滑动芯与所述拉爪组件配合并处于拉刀状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述销钉的端部具有与所述孔位配合的球面或锥面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述孔位为能够限制所述销钉径向位置的阶梯孔。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述第一油腔中设有用于顶推所述拉杆的第二弹性部件。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述轴向内孔中于所述油缸组件的后方设有供油组件，所述供油组件包 括导油杆，所述导油杆通过轴承安装于所述轴向内孔，所述导油杆设有第三油路和第四油路，所述第三油路在所述导油杆的外周面形成第一出油口，所述第一油路在所述轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第一进油口，所述导油杆于所述第一出油口两侧套装有过渡连接所述第一出油口和第一进油口的第一密封环，所述第四油路在所述导油杆的外周面形成第二出油口，所述第二油路在所述轴向内孔的内壁面上形成第二进油口，所述导油杆于所述第二出油口两侧套装有过渡连接所述第二出油口和第二进油口的第二密封环。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述轴向内孔中于所述导油杆的外侧设有与所述第一密封环配合的第一导油环，所述第一导油环外侧在对应第一进油口的位置开设第一外槽，所述第一外槽开设若干第一径向孔；所述轴向内孔中于所述导油杆的外侧设有与所述第二密封环配合的第二导油环，所述第二导油环外侧在对应第二进油口的位置开设第二外槽，所述第二外槽开设若干第二径向孔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电主轴轴芯组件，其特征在于，所述第一密封环和第二密封环均为橡胶密封环，所述第一密封环的外缘向内侧弯折，所述第一密封环的外缘与第一导油环抵接，所述第二密封环的外缘向内侧弯折，所述第二密封环的外缘与第二导油环抵接。
  9. 一种电主轴，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～8中任一项所述的电主轴轴芯组件。
  10. 一种机床，其特征在于，包括权利要求9所述的电主轴。
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