WO2022153431A1 - 空気調和機制御装置 - Google Patents
空気調和機制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022153431A1 WO2022153431A1 PCT/JP2021/001012 JP2021001012W WO2022153431A1 WO 2022153431 A1 WO2022153431 A1 WO 2022153431A1 JP 2021001012 W JP2021001012 W JP 2021001012W WO 2022153431 A1 WO2022153431 A1 WO 2022153431A1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 88
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 34
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1932—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of a plurality of spaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
- F24F2120/10—Occupancy
- F24F2120/12—Position of occupants
Definitions
- This technology is related to the air conditioner control device.
- it relates to the control of the thermal environment of the space subject to air conditioning in which the air conditioner performs air conditioning.
- thermo-fluid analysis model of the space subject to air conditioning (hereinafter referred to as the space subject to air conditioning) to perform simulation of the space subject to air conditioning and inverse analysis of the space subject to air conditioning based on the simulation results.
- the desired place can be controlled to the desired thermal environment.
- an air conditioner is generally equipped with one or more temperature sensors that detect the temperature.
- the air conditioner control device that controls the air conditioner controls the air conditioner so that the temperature related to the detection of the temperature sensor approaches the control target value such as the set temperature by a predetermined method, and the air conditioner controls the air conditioner. It controls the thermal environment.
- the temperature related to the detection of the temperature sensor is the temperature of the local space around the position where the temperature sensor is installed, and does not necessarily reflect the temperature of the air harmonization target space. Therefore, the air conditioner control device grasps the boundary condition temperature of the air conditioning target space and grasps the thermal environment itself of the air conditioning target space by simulation. Then, a method has been proposed in which an air conditioner control device performs inverse analysis using simulation results, obtains a required outlet temperature, and controls the air conditioner to a desired thermal environment (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
- control method by the air conditioner control device described above does not consider the conditions including the equipment side of the air conditioner. Therefore, in reality, there is a problem that the control of the air conditioner may be inefficient.
- the purpose is to obtain an air conditioner control device capable of realizing more efficient control of the air conditioner.
- the air conditioner control device is an air conditioner control device that controls an air conditioner that performs air conditioning in the air conditioning target space, and is a model on the airflow side in a simulation regarding a thermal environment related to the air conditioning target space.
- the value of the objective function in the air-conditioning target space is calculated by the air-conditioning side model building unit to be constructed, the equipment-side model building unit that builds the equipment-side model that simulates the behavioral constraints and equipment capabilities of the air-conditioning machine. It has an objective function calculation unit and a sensitivity derivation unit that derives the sensitivity that is the fluctuation of the objective function when the control variable is changed, and inversely analyzes the objective function based on the air-conditioning side model and the objective function based on the device side model. It includes a coupled optimization execution unit that optimizes using a method and calculates the optimum solution, and a control target value determination unit that determines the control target value of the air conditioner from the optimum solution.
- the airflow side model construction unit and the equipment side model construction unit are provided, and the coupled optimization execution unit calculates the optimum solution considering the constraints not only in the airflow side objective function but also in the equipment side objective function. do. Therefore, it is possible to obtain comfortable and energy-saving operating conditions for the air conditioner.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the coupled optimization execution unit 106 and the control target value determination unit 109 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the acquisition of the data about the air-conditioning target area which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the process performed by the air conditioner control device 1 which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining an example of acquisition of data about the air-conditioning target area which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of the process concerning the wearable terminal apparatus H204 in the air conditioner control apparatus 1 which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining another example of the acquisition of the data about the air-conditioning target area which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of the process concerning the mobile terminal apparatus H304 in the air conditioner control apparatus 1 which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of the process which concerns on the determination of the coefficient ⁇ which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of the process which concerns on the determination of the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of the process performed by the coefficient determination part 116 which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 which concerns on Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of an air conditioning system including the air conditioner control device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioner control device 1 is a device that controls the operation of the air conditioner 2.
- the air conditioner control device 1 is communicably connected to the air conditioner 2 and the sensor unit 4 via the control network 5.
- the air conditioner 2 includes an outdoor unit 21, an indoor unit 22, and a remote controller 23 as components.
- the outdoor unit 21 cools or heats a thermal refrigerant such as a refrigerant and water.
- the indoor unit 22 exchanges heat between the air in the air conditioning target space such as a room and a thermal refrigerant, heats or cools the air in the air conditioning target space, and adjusts the temperature in the air conditioning target space.
- the remote controller 23 is, for example, a device used by a resident to switch ON / OFF of the indoor unit 22 and manually change settings such as a set temperature, an air volume, and an air direction.
- the sensor unit 4 is a group of sensors for detecting and measuring a physical quantity. Here, various physical quantities related to environmental conditions inside and outside the air-conditioning target space such as temperature and pressure are detected.
- a sensor 41 and a sensor 42 are provided as sensor units. Here, it is assumed that a plurality of temperature sensors are mainly installed in the space subject to air conditioning.
- the control network 5 is a telecommunication line connecting the air conditioner control device 1, the air conditioner 2, and the sensor unit 4.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 also shows data input / output to / from the air conditioner control device 1.
- the air conditioner control device 1 includes a control processing device 100 and a data storage device 120.
- control processing device 100 is composed of, for example, a device that performs control calculation processing such as a computer centered on a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Then, the control processing device 100 realizes the processing by executing a pre-programmed processing procedure performed by each part described later.
- the configuration is not limited to this, and each part of the control processing device 100 may be configured by a dedicated device (hardware).
- the data storage device 120 is a device that stores data required when the control processing device 100 performs processing.
- the data storage device 120 in the first embodiment stores various data acquired by the data acquisition unit 101, which will be described later. Further, as described above, the data storage device 120 of the first embodiment has data in which the processing procedure performed by each part of the control processing device 100 is programmed.
- the data storage device 120 includes a volatile storage device (not shown) such as a random access memory (RAM) capable of temporarily storing data, a solid state disk, and a non-volatile auxiliary such as a flash memory capable of storing data for a long period of time. It has a storage device (not shown).
- the control processing device 100 of the first embodiment includes a data acquisition unit 101, an airflow side model construction unit 102, a target area designation unit 103, a temperature sensor extraction unit 104, a device side model construction unit 105, and a coupled optimization execution unit 106. It has a control target value determination unit 109 and an air conditioning control command unit 110.
- the data acquisition unit 101 receives signals from the sensor unit 4 and an external device, and acquires various data included in the signals.
- the data acquisition unit 101 acquires the room shape data D1, the device information data D2, the air temperature data D3, and the area information data D4.
- the data acquisition unit 101 stores the acquired data in the data storage device 120.
- the room shape data D1 is data related to the shape and dimensions of the air-conditioning target space such as the width, depth, and height of the room inside the room.
- the device information data D2 is data related to the device of the air conditioner 2, including, for example, the configuration of the refrigerant circuit in the air conditioner 2, the rated capacity of the device, the specifications of the device of the drive system, and the like.
- the air temperature data D3 is data relating to the temperatures of various types of air in the air harmonization target space sent from the sensor unit 4.
- the area information data D4 is data of information regarding the area of the living area in the air-conditioned space.
- the airflow side model building unit 102 performs a process of constructing an airflow side model related to the airflow reflecting the geometric shape of the target space from the room shape data D1 acquired by the data acquisition unit 101. Further, the target area designation unit 103 performs a process of designating an area for air conditioning as an air conditioning target area in the model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102 based on the area information data D4. Further, the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 performs a process of extracting a temperature sensor located in the vicinity of the air conditioning target region from the sensor unit 4 of the air conditioner 2 as a detection target.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing of the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart performed by the temperature sensor extraction unit 104.
- the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 generates a plurality of calculation conditions for calculating the thermal environment by varying the calculation conditions.
- the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 performs an airflow simulation in the case of a plurality of generated calculation conditions.
- the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 obtains a correlation coefficient between the air temperature in the region in the simulation result and the temperature detected by each temperature sensor in the air harmonization target space.
- the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 extracts the temperature sensor having the maximum correlation coefficient as a temperature sensor that reflects the thermal environment of the air conditioning target region used for feedback control.
- the device-side model building unit 105 builds a device-side model that simulates the restrictions and capabilities of the device of the air conditioner 2 by using the device information data D2.
- the device-side model building unit 105 has, for example, a coefficient of performance model building unit 111.
- the coefficient of performance model construction unit 111 constructs a coefficient of performance model representing the coefficient of performance (Coefficient Of Performance) as a function of control variables as a device-side model in the air conditioner 2.
- the coefficient of performance model as a function of the control variable is represented by, for example, Eq. (1).
- Equation (1) is a definition equation for the coefficient of performance.
- COP is a coefficient of performance.
- Vinlet is the air outlet wind speed of the air sent out from the outlet by the indoor unit 22 of the air conditioner 2 into the air conditioning target space.
- the Tinlet is the outlet temperature of the air sent out from the outlet into the space subject to air conditioning.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 executes optimization using the inverse analysis method using the airflow side model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102 and the equipment side model constructed by the equipment side model construction unit 105.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 includes an objective function calculation unit 107 and a sensitivity derivation unit 108.
- the optimization problem can be expressed as a minimization problem as follows, for example. Equation (2) is an equation showing a formulated minimization problem. In equation (2), J is an objective function. Further, W is a state variable vector such as a flow velocity and a temperature. Further, U is a control variable vector such as the outlet wind speed and the outlet temperature. Further, R is a constraint equation in a minimization problem such as an incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and an energy equation.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 executes a simulation (hereinafter referred to as CFD simulation) using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) using the airflow side model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102.
- CFD is a method of discretizing the air-conditioning target space in a grid pattern and solving the governing equation in each grid.
- the governing equation of the fluid used in the CFD simulation is, for example, the following equation.
- Equation (3) is a continuity equation representing the conservation of mass of the fluid.
- Equation (4) is an incompressible Navier-Stokes equation representing momentum conservation.
- the equation (5) is an energy equation.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 calculates the temperature, wind speed, etc. of each divided region by solving these equations under appropriate initial values and boundary conditions.
- u is a three-dimensional velocity vector
- t time
- p pressure
- ⁇ density
- ⁇ viscosity coefficient
- ⁇ 0 reference density
- g is.
- Cp constant pressure specific heat
- T temperature
- k thermal conductivity
- Q internal calorific value
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 also executes a simulation on the device side by using the device side model constructed by the device side model construction unit 105. This makes it possible to consider the behavior of the device. At this time, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 calculates the suction port temperature from the result of the CFD simulation by the device side model, and of the drive system device constituting the refrigerant circuit such as the compressor of the air conditioner 2. Simulate the behavior. Therefore, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 can calculate the power consumption as an objective function related to the power consumption as described later. However, in such a method, it takes time to execute a simulation regarding the behavior on the device side. Therefore, as the simulation on the equipment side, a simulation method using a simplified equipment model described only by the air outlet wind speed and the air outlet temperature is also included as in the equation (1).
- the objective function calculation unit 107 is set in advance from the result of the CFD simulation by the airflow side model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102 and the result of the equipment simulation by the equipment side model constructed by the equipment side model construction unit 105. Calculate the value of.
- the preset objective function is, for example, as follows. Equation (6) is an equation for calculating the objective function.
- Jopt is an objective function.
- J 1 is an objective function related to the thermal environment in the space subject to air conditioning (hereinafter referred to as a thermal environment objective function).
- J 2 is an objective function (hereinafter, referred to as a power objective function) relating to the power consumption of the air conditioner 2.
- ⁇ is a coefficient for adjusting the balance of the magnitudes of the thermal environment objective function J 1 and the electric power objective function J 2 . Equation (6) makes it possible to optimize the objective functions related to the airflow side and the equipment side at the same time.
- the coefficient ⁇ uses a preset value in order to define the degree of influence of the thermal environment objective function J 1 and the electric power objective function J 2 on the optimum solution.
- a configuration having a plurality of coefficients ⁇ may be included depending on the preference of the resident in the room or the operating condition of the air conditioner 2.
- Equation (7) is a definition equation of the thermal environment objective function J1.
- u is the velocity of the airflow and ud is the velocity of the target airflow.
- T is the air temperature, and T d is the target air temperature.
- D indicates an air conditioning target region designated by the target region designation unit 103. Therefore, the equation (7) represents an equation that executes the volume integral only for the state variables in the air harmonization target region in the air harmonization target space.
- the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ are coefficients that weight the terms related to the velocity of the air flow and the terms related to the temperature. These coefficients are also coefficients that define the degree of influence of the first and second terms of the equation (1). Therefore, preset values are used for the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ . Further, a configuration having a plurality of coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ may be included depending on the preference of the resident in the room or the operating condition of the air conditioner 2.
- Equation (8) is an example of the definition equation of the power objective function J 2 .
- QRAC represents the amount of air conditioning capacity.
- an objective function that simulates the behavior of the device is set.
- Equation (9) is a definition equation of QRAC .
- ⁇ is the density of air
- C is the constant pressure specific heat
- Vi and Ai are the i -th outlet velocity and outlet area of the air conditioner, respectively.
- Ti, inlet and Ti, outlet represent the i-th outlet temperature and the suction port temperature of the air conditioner, respectively.
- the sensitivity derivation unit 108 uses the objective function value derived by the objective function calculation unit 107 to derive the sensitivity representing the influence of the objective function on the change of the control variable.
- the sensitivity is, for example, as follows. Equations (10) and (11) are definitions of sensitivities with respect to the outlet wind speed and the outlet temperature, respectively.
- Vin is the air outlet wind speed
- Tin is the air outlet temperature, and these are used as control variables.
- ⁇ V in and ⁇ T in are minute fluctuation amounts of Vin and Tin , respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing of the sensitivity derivation unit 108 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart regarding processing when the contingent equation is used in the sensitivity derivation unit 108.
- the sensitivity derivation unit 108 performs forward analysis by airflow simulation to derive a state field.
- the sensitivity derivation unit 108 solves the contingent equation using the state field to derive the contingent field.
- step ST402 the sensitivity derivation unit 108 derives the sensitivity based on the state field and the accompanying field.
- Equation (12) is an example of the adjoint equation.
- Va is the accompanying velocity.
- Ta is an accompanying temperature.
- pa is the accompanying pressure.
- equation (13) is an equation showing an example of the sensitivity derived by using the accompanying field and the state field.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 according to the first embodiment.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 performs a simulation with the airflow side model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102 and the equipment side model constructed by the equipment side model construction unit 105.
- the objective function calculation unit 107 derives the objective function value for the preset objective function.
- the sensitivity derivation unit 108 derives the sensitivity.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 updates the control variable using the derived sensitivity.
- Equation (14) is an example of a control variable update equation.
- the equation (14) is an example of the update equation of the control variable.
- Equation (14) is an update method using the steepest descent method using the sensitivity derived by the sensitivity derivation unit 108.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and includes a configuration using a method such as the quasi-Newton method, which also uses data on sensitivity in order to improve the convergence of the calculation.
- step ST504 the coupled optimization execution unit 106 performs a convergence determination process.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines that the objective function values have converged, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 ends the process assuming that the optimum values of the control variables have been calculated.
- Equations (15) and (16) are examples of equations for determining convergence.
- J k is an objective function value in the kth iteration.
- ⁇ is a minute value for determining convergence.
- ⁇ Jk is the sensitivity of the kth iteration.
- the control target value determination unit 109 controls the temperature at the sensor position extracted by the temperature sensor extraction unit 104 in the temperature distribution in the target space realized by the optimum value of the control variable derived by the coupled optimization execution unit 106. Determine as a target value. Then, the control target value determination unit 109 stores the determined control target value as data in the data storage device 120. Further, the air conditioning control command unit 110 outputs a signal including the data D5 of the air conditioning control command when feedback control is performed with the control target value derived by the control target value determining unit 109 as a target.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the coupled optimization execution unit 106 and the control target value determination unit 109 according to the first embodiment.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 is based on the model conditions under which the airflow side model constructed by the airflow side model construction unit 102 and the equipment model constructed by the equipment side model construction unit 105 have already executed the calculation. Determine if they are the same.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines whether or not the setting conditions such as the boundary condition of the airflow side model and the set temperature of the device side model are the same as the already calculated result.
- step ST604 the control target value determination unit 109 optimizes the data stored in the data storage device 120 to match the two conditions. Read the data related to the result of. Then, in step ST605, the control target value determination unit 109 determines the control target value.
- step ST600 determines in step ST600 and step ST601 that any of the conditions is not satisfied.
- step ST602 determines in step ST602 that any of the conditions is not satisfied.
- step ST603 the coupled optimization execution unit 106 stores and stores the data related to the optimization result such as the optimum value of the control variable in the data storage device 120.
- step ST605 the control target value determination unit 109 determines the control target value from the calculation result stored in the data storage device 120.
- the device side model building unit 105 is provided to build the device side model. Then, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 can obtain comfortable and energy-saving operating conditions by considering not only the airflow side but also the equipment side, and can control the air conditioner 2 under such conditions. It can be carried out. At this time, the target area designation unit 103 designates the air conditioning target area in the air conditioning target space. Therefore, it is possible to find an optimum solution that does not waste energy for air conditioning in the extra region.
- a temperature sensor that reflects the temperature of the air conditioning target region is extracted from the sensor unit 4 related to the air conditioner 2. Therefore, the feedback control of the air conditioning target region can be performed, and the temperature of the air conditioning target region can be maintained at a desired level.
- the data storage device 120 stores and saves the result of the condition for which the processing has already been executed as data. Therefore, when the conditions are the same, the control target value determination unit 109 can determine the control target value based on the data stored in the data storage device 120, so that a faster response can be performed. ..
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 according to the second embodiment.
- the air conditioner control device 1 of the second embodiment has an image acquisition unit 112 and a human figure determination unit 113.
- the image acquisition unit 112 acquires the image data D6 of the air conditioning target space captured by the image sensor H101 or the like described later.
- the human figure determination unit 113 performs a process according to a certain algorithm from the image of the image data D6, and performs a process of determining the presence or absence of a human figure.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the acquisition of data regarding the air conditioning target region according to the second embodiment.
- H100 is the indoor unit 22 described in the first embodiment.
- the H101 is an image sensor included in the indoor unit 22 which is composed of, for example, an infrared sensor, an image sensor, and the like.
- the image sensor H101 may be a thermal image sensor.
- H102 is an air-conditioning target area including a place with a human figure. Then, H103 is a resident in the air conditioning target area.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a process performed by the air conditioner control device 1 according to the second embodiment.
- the image acquisition unit 112 acquires the image data D6 of the air conditioning target space captured by the image sensor H101 of the indoor unit 22.
- the figure determination unit 113 determines the presence / absence of a figure and the position of the figure from the image data D6 acquired by the image acquisition unit 112.
- the target area designation unit 103 designates the area where the human figure determined by the human figure determination unit 113 is located as the air conditioning target area.
- the human figure determination unit 113 determines the position of the human figure from the image data D6 acquired by the image acquisition unit 112.
- the target area designation unit 103 designates an air conditioning target area based on the determined position of the human figure. Therefore, the conditioned air can be more accurately sent from the air conditioner 2 to the occupants in the space subject to air conditioning. Therefore, comfort can be improved.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 according to the third embodiment.
- the air conditioner control device 1 of the third embodiment has a terminal information acquisition unit 115 and a terminal usage state determination unit 114.
- the terminal information acquisition unit 115 acquires terminal information data D7 indicating the position of the terminal device possessed by the resident H203, which will be described later, such as the wearable terminal device H204 and the mobile terminal device H304, which will be described later.
- the position data of the terminal device is sent from the air conditioner 2.
- the terminal usage state determination unit 114 performs processing according to a certain algorithm to determine whether or not the resident is using the terminal device.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of acquisition of data relating to the air conditioning target region according to the third embodiment.
- H203 is a resident in the air conditioning target area.
- H204 is a wearable terminal device.
- the wearable terminal device H204 includes a device used by the user by wrapping it around an arm or the like like a wristwatch, a device used by the user wearing clothes on the body, and the like.
- the wearable terminal device H204 transmits, for example, radio waves for communicating with other devices.
- the indoor unit H200 performs air conditioning in the air conditioning target space in the same manner as the indoor unit 22 described in the first embodiment.
- the indoor unit H200 receives the radio wave transmitted by the wearable terminal device H204, identifies the position of the wearable terminal device H204 in the air conditioning target space, and outputs a signal including the terminal information data D7 to the air conditioner control device. Send to 1.
- the H202 is an air-conditioning target region including the position of the wearable terminal device H204.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing related to the wearable terminal device H204 in the air conditioner control device 1 according to the third embodiment.
- the terminal information acquisition unit 115 acquires the terminal information data D7 indicating the position of the wearable terminal device H204.
- the terminal usage status determination unit 114 determines whether or not the resident H203 is using the wearable terminal device H204 based on the position of the wearable terminal device H204 based on the terminal information data D7 acquired by the terminal information acquisition unit 115. judge.
- step ST1201 when the terminal usage state determination unit 114 determines that the wearable terminal device H204 is being used by wearing it, the terminal usage state determination unit 114 sends data related to the position of the wearable terminal device H204 to the target area designation unit 103. Then, in step ST1202, the target area designation unit 103 designates the area at the position of the wearable terminal device H204 as the air conditioning target area based on the data related to the position of the wearable terminal device H204 from the terminal usage state determination unit 114. ..
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of acquisition of data relating to the air conditioning target region according to the third embodiment.
- H303 is a resident in the air conditioning target area.
- H304 is a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone or a smartphone.
- the mobile terminal device H304 transmits, for example, radio waves for communicating with other devices.
- the indoor unit H300 performs air conditioning in the air conditioning target space in the same manner as the indoor unit 22 described in the first embodiment.
- the indoor unit H200 receives the radio wave transmitted by the mobile terminal device H304, identifies the position of the mobile terminal device H304 in the air conditioning target space, and outputs a signal including the terminal information data D7 to the air conditioner control device.
- the H302 is an air conditioning target region including the position of the mobile terminal device H304.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing related to the mobile terminal device H304 in the air conditioner control device 1 according to the third embodiment.
- the terminal information acquisition unit 115 acquires the terminal information data D7 indicating the position of the mobile terminal device H304.
- the terminal usage status determination unit 114 carries the mobile terminal device H304 by the resident H203 based on the position of the mobile terminal device H304 obtained from the terminal information data D7 acquired by the terminal information acquisition unit 115. Determine if it is.
- the terminal usage state determination unit 114 determines that the mobile terminal device H304 is carried, it sends data related to the position of the mobile terminal device H304 to the target area designation unit 103.
- the target area designation unit 103 designates the area at the position of the mobile terminal device H304 as the air conditioning target area based on the data related to the position of the mobile terminal device H304 from the terminal usage state determination unit 114. ..
- the terminal usage state determination unit 114 determines the position of the terminal device from the terminal information data D7 acquired by the terminal information acquisition unit 115.
- the target area designation unit 103 designates an air conditioning target area based on the position data of the terminal device. Therefore, the conditioned air can be more accurately sent from the air conditioner 2 to the occupants in the space subject to air conditioning. Therefore, comfort can be improved.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the air conditioner control device 1 of the fourth embodiment has a coefficient determining unit 116.
- the coefficient determination unit 116 determines the coefficient used for the calculation by the objective function calculation unit 107 of the coupled optimization execution unit 106.
- the coefficients determined by the coefficient determining unit 116 are, for example, the coefficient ⁇ of the equation (6), the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ of the equation (7), and the like.
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the first embodiment uses a preset value for the coefficient.
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the fourth embodiment calculates using the coefficient determined by the coefficient determination unit 116.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing related to determination of the coefficient ⁇ according to the fourth embodiment.
- the determination of the coefficient ⁇ will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
- the coefficient determination unit 116 tentatively determines the coefficient ⁇ , which is a weight in the objective function represented by the equation (6).
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 uses the thermal environment objective function J 1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonization target space based on the equations (7) and (8).
- the power objective function J2 for the power consumption of the air conditioner is calculated.
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 obtains the objective function Jopt obtained by weighting and adding up the coefficient ⁇ determined by the coefficient determination unit 116 based on the equation (6).
- step ST1602 the coupled optimization execution unit 106 derives the optimum solution based on the calculated objective function Jopt . Then, in step ST1603, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 sets the upper limit constraint on the thermal environment objective function J 1 and the thermal environment objective function J 1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonized target space in the obtained optimum solution. compare. In step ST1604, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines whether or not the constraint is satisfied. In step ST1605, when the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines that the constraint is satisfied, the optimum solution with the coefficient ⁇ determined by the coefficient determination unit 116 is used as it is.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines that the constraint is not satisfied, it returns to step ST1600 and performs a determination process of the coefficient ⁇ .
- the coefficient determining unit 116 sets the coefficient ⁇ to a value smaller than the current coefficient value in a range larger than or equal to 0, and obtains the optimum solution again. This is repeated until the thermal environment objective function J 1 determines that the constraint is satisfied.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing related to determination of the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ according to the fourth embodiment.
- the determination of the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
- the coefficient determination unit 116 tentatively determines the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ , which are the weights of each term in the thermal environment objective function J1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonization target space.
- each is 1 or the like.
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 uses the thermal environment objective function J 1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonization target space based on the equations (7) and (8).
- the objective function calculation unit 107 of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 calculates the objective function Function by weighting with the coefficient ⁇ determined by the coefficient determination unit 116 based on the equation (6).
- step ST1702 the coupled optimization execution unit 106 derives the optimum solution based on the calculated objective function Jopt .
- step ST1703 the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines the deviation of the wind speed and the temperature deviation, which are the constraints of each term of the thermal environment objective function J1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonized target space in the obtained optimum solution. Compare the deviation constraints with those upper bound constraints.
- step ST1705 the optimum solution using the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ determined by the coefficient determination unit 116 is used as it is.
- the coupled optimization execution unit 106 determines that the constraint is not satisfied, the process returns to step ST1700.
- step ST1700 the coefficient determining unit 116 determines the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ as shown in FIG. 18 described later. Then, the optimum solution is obtained again with the determined coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ . This is repeated until each term of the objective function relating to the thermal environment determines that the constraint is satisfied.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed by the coefficient determining unit 116 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the coefficient determination unit 116 performs processing based on the flowchart shown in FIG. 18 to determine the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ .
- the coefficient determination unit 116 selects the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ .
- each is 1 or the like.
- the coefficient determining unit 116 determines whether or not the term relating to the wind speed deviation of the thermal environment objective function J1 relating to the thermal environment satisfies the constraint. If it is determined that the term relating to the wind speed deviation does not satisfy the constraint, in step ST1804, the coefficient determining unit 116 sets the coefficient ⁇ to be larger than the current value, returns to step ST1801, and makes a determination again.
- the coefficient determining unit 116 further determines whether or not the term relating to the temperature deviation of the thermal environment objective function J1 relating to the thermal environment satisfies the constraint. .. If it is determined that the term relating to the temperature deviation does not satisfy the constraint, in step ST1805, the coefficient determining unit 116 sets the coefficient ⁇ to be larger than the current value, returns to step ST1802, and makes a determination again. If it is determined that the term relating to the temperature deviation satisfies the constraint, in step ST1803, the coefficient determining unit 116 determines the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ .
- the coefficient determining unit 116 determines the coefficient ⁇ that satisfies the thermal environment objective function J1 relating to the thermal environment in the air conditioning target space. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an optimum solution that can further save energy while satisfying the restriction of comfort. Further, the coefficient determination unit 116 determines the coefficient ⁇ and the coefficient ⁇ so as to satisfy the constraints of each term of the thermal environment objective function J1 regarding the thermal environment in the air harmonization target space. Therefore, a solution that takes into account the wind speed deviation and the temperature deviation can be selected.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the air conditioner control device 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
- the air conditioner control device 1 of the fifth embodiment has a scalar model construction unit 117.
- the scalar model construction unit 117 calculates the passive scalar distribution in the air-conditioned space.
- a passive scalar is a physical quantity or the like that is carried and distributed along the flow without affecting the flow of the fluid such as concentration. Equation (17) represents an example of the scalar equation.
- c is the concentration of the passive scalar.
- Dc is a diffusion coefficient.
- d is a generation term of the passive scalar.
- the equation (18) represents an example of the objective function when the scalar model construction unit 117 constructs the scalar distribution by the scalar model.
- J 3 is an objective function based on the scalar model (hereinafter referred to as a passive scalar objective function).
- ⁇ is a coefficient for adjusting the balance between the thermal environment objective function J 1 , the electric power objective function J 2 , and the passive scalar objective function J 3 .
- the coefficient ⁇ may be a preset value, or may be determined by the coefficient determining unit 116 described in the fourth embodiment.
- equation ( 19) is a definition equation of the passive scalar objective function J3.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing of the coupled optimization execution unit 106 and the like according to the fifth embodiment. This will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. First, in step ST2000, the airflow side model construction unit 102 performs a CFD simulation with the constructed airflow side model. Further, in step ST2001, the scalar model construction unit 117 calculates the scalar distribution using the constructed scalar model. In step ST2002, the objective function calculation unit 107 derives the value of the preset objective function. In step ST2003, the sensitivity derivation unit 108 derives the sensitivity. In step ST2004, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 updates the design variable using the derived sensitivity. Then, in step ST2005, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 performs a convergence determination process.
- the scalar model construction unit 117 is provided to construct the scalar model. Then, the coupled optimization execution unit 106 can reduce the concentration of dust, droplets, etc. that can be regarded as the passive scalar distribution by calculating the objective function including the passive scalar distribution. Then, it can be made a comfortable space for the resident in the air-conditioning target space.
- 1 air conditioner control device 2 air conditioner, 4 sensor unit, 5 control network, 21 outdoor unit, 22 indoor unit, 23 remote controller, 41, 42 sensor, 100 control processing device, 101 data acquisition unit, 102 airflow side Model construction unit, 103 target area designation unit, 104 temperature sensor extraction unit, 105 device side model construction unit, 106 coupled optimization execution unit, 107 objective function calculation unit, 108 sensitivity derivation unit, 109 control target value determination unit, 110 Air conditioning control command unit, 111 performance coefficient model construction unit, 112 image acquisition unit, 113 human figure determination unit, 114 terminal usage status determination unit, 115 terminal information acquisition unit, 116 coefficient determination unit, 117 scalar model construction unit, 120 data storage Device, D1 room shape data, D2 device information data, D3 air temperature data, D4 area information data, D5 air conditioning control command data, D6 image data, D7 terminal information data, H101 image sensor, H200, H300 indoor unit, H203 resident, H204 wearable terminal device, H304 mobile terminal device.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和機制御装置1を含む空気調和システムの構成の一例を示す図である。空気調和機制御装置1は、空気調和機2の運転を制御する装置である。空気調和機制御装置1は、制御ネットワーク5を介して、空気調和機2およびセンサ部4と通信可能に接続されている。空気調和機2は、室外機21、室内機22およびリモートコントローラ23を構成要素として有する。室外機21は、冷媒、水などの熱冷媒を冷却または加熱する。室内機22は、室内などの空気調和対象空間における空気と熱冷媒との間で熱交換を行い、空気調和対象空間の空気を加熱または冷却し、空気調和対象空間内の温度を調整する。リモートコントローラ23は、たとえば、居住者が室内機22のON/OFFの切り替え、設定温度、風量、風向などを手動で設定変更する際に用いる装置である。
以上のように、実施の形態1の空気調和機制御装置1によれば、機器側モデル構築部105を備え、機器側モデルを構築する。そして、連成最適化実行部106が、気流側だけでなく機器側の制約を考慮することによって、快適かつ省エネルギーな運転条件を求めることができ、このような条件による空気調和機2の制御を行うことができる。また、このとき、対象領域指定部103が、空気調和対象空間内の空気調和対象領域を指定する。このため、余分な領域について空気調和するためのエネルギーを浪費しない最適解を求めることができる。
図7は、実施の形態2に係る空気調和機制御装置1の構成例を示す図である。図7において、図2と同じ符号を付している機器などについては、実施の形態1で説明したことと同様の処理などを行う。実施の形態2の空気調和機制御装置1は、画像取得部112および人影判定部113を有する。画像取得部112は、後述する画像センサH101などが撮像した空気調和対象空間の画像データD6を取得する。また、人影判定部113は、画像データD6の画像中から、一定のアルゴリズムに沿った処理を行い、人影の有無を判定する処理を行う。
以上のように、実施の形態2の空気調和機制御装置1によれば、人影判定部113は、画像取得部112が取得した画像データD6から人影の位置を判定する。対象領域指定部103は、判定した人影の位置に基づいて、空気調和対象領域を指定する。このため、空気調和対象空間内の居住者に対して、空気調和機2から空調空気を、より正確に送ることができる。したがって、快適性の向上をはかることができる。
図10は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和機制御装置1の構成例を示す図である。図10において、図2と同じ符号を付している機器などについては、実施の形態1で説明したことと同様の処理などを行う。実施の形態3の空気調和機制御装置1は、端末情報取得部115および端末利用状態判定部114を有する。端末情報取得部115は、後述するウェアラブル端末装置H204、モバイル端末装置H304など、後述する居住者H203が有する端末装置の位置などを示す端末情報のデータD7を取得する。端末装置の位置データは、空気調和機2から送られる。また、端末利用状態判定部114では、一定のアルゴリズムに沿った処理を行い、居住者が端末装置を利用しているかどうかを判定する。
以上のように、実施の形態3の空気調和機制御装置1によれば、端末利用状態判定部114は、端末情報取得部115が取得した端末情報のデータD7から端末装置の位置を判定する。対象領域指定部103は、端末装置の位置のデータに基づいて、空気調和対象領域を指定する。このため、空気調和対象空間内の居住者に対して、空気調和機2から空調空気を、より正確に送ることができる。したがって、快適性の向上をはかることができる。
図15は、実施の形態4に係る空気調和機制御装置1の構成例を示す図である。図15において、図2と同じ符号を付している機器などについては、実施の形態1で説明したことと同様の処理などを行う。実施の形態4の空気調和機制御装置1は、係数決定部116を有する。係数決定部116は、連成最適化実行部106の目的関数計算部107が計算に利用する係数を決定する。係数決定部116が決定する係数は、実施の形態1において説明したように、たとえば、式(6)の係数ω並びに式(7)の係数αおよび係数βなどである。実施の形態1の目的関数計算部107は、係数にあらかじめ設定された値を用いていた。実施の形態4の目的関数計算部107は、係数決定部116が決定した係数を用いて計算する。
以上のように、実施の形態4の空気調和機制御装置1によれば、係数決定部116が、空気調和対象空間内の温熱環境に関する温熱環境目的関数J1を満たす係数ωを決定する。このため、快適性の制約は満たしつつ、さらに省エネルギーをはかることができる最適解をえることができる。また、係数決定部116が、空気調和対象空間内の温熱環境に関する温熱環境目的関数J1の各項の制約を満たすように係数αおよび係数βを決定する。したがって、風速偏差および温度偏差を考慮した解を選ぶことができる。
図19は、実施の形態5に係る空気調和機制御装置1の構成例を示す図である。図19において、図2と同じ符号を付している機器などについては、実施の形態1で説明したことと同様の処理などを行う。実施の形態5の空気調和機制御装置1は、スカラモデル構築部117を有する。スカラモデル構築部117は、空気調和対象空間内のパッシブスカラ分布について計算を行う。パッシブスカラとは、濃度など、流体の流れに影響を与えずに、流れに乗って運ばれて分布するもの、物理量などである。式(17)は、スカラ方程式の例を表す。ここで、cは、パッシブスカラの濃度である。また、Dcは、拡散係数である。そして、dは、パッシブスカラの発生項である。
以上のように、実施の形態5の空気調和機制御装置1によれば、スカラモデル構築部117を備え、スカラモデルを構築する。そして、連成最適化実行部106が、パッシブスカラ分布を含めた目的関数を計算することによって、パッシブスカラ分布とみなせる埃、飛沫などの濃度を低くすることができる。そして、空気調和対象空間にいる居住者にとって、快適な空間にすることができる。
Claims (9)
- 空気調和対象空間の空気調和を行う空気調和機を制御する空気調和機制御装置であって、
前記空気調和対象空間に係る温熱環境に関するシミュレーションにおける気流側モデルを構築する気流側モデル構築部と、
前記空気調和機が有する機器における挙動の制約および前記機器の能力を模擬する機器側モデルを構築する機器側モデル構築部と、
前記空気調和対象空間における目的関数の値を計算する目的関数計算部および制御変数を変化させた場合の前記目的関数の変動である感度を導出する感度導出部を有し、前記気流側モデルに基づく前記目的関数と前記機器側モデルに基づく前記目的関数とを逆解析手法を用いて最適化し、最適解を計算する連成最適化実行部と、
前記最適解から前記空気調和機の制御目標値を決定する制御目標値決定部と
を備える空気調和機制御装置。 - 前記空気調和対象空間における実際の温度を、前記制御目標値に追従させる空気調和制御指令を前記空気調和機に送る空気調和制御指令部を備える請求項1に記載の空気調和機制御装置。
- 前記機器側モデル構築部は、
前記空気調和機が有する前記機器による成績係数モデルを構築する成績係数モデル構築部を有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気調和機制御装置。 - 前記空気調和対象空間内において空気調和を行う空気調和対象領域を指定する対象領域指定部と、
前記空気調和対象空間に設置された複数の温度センサのうち、前記空気調和対象領域の前記温熱環境が反映された温度を検出する前記温度センサを抽出する温度センサ抽出部とを備え、
前記目的関数計算部は、
前記空気調和対象空間の前記空気調和対象領域における前記目的関数の値を計算する請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和機制御装置。 - 前記空気調和対象空間内にいる人影の位置を検出する人影判定部を備え、
前記対象領域指定部は、
前記人影判定部が検出した前記人影の位置を、前記空気調和対象領域に指定する請求項4に記載の空気調和機制御装置。 - 前記空気調和対象空間内にある端末装置の位置を検出する端末情報取得部を備え、
前記対象領域指定部は、
前記端末情報取得部の取得に係る前記端末装置の位置を、前記空気調和対象領域に指定する請求項4に記載の空気調和機制御装置。 - 前記目的関数計算部が前記目的関数の値の計算に用いる係数を決定する係数決定部を備える請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和機制御装置。
- 前記係数決定部は、前記気流側モデルに係る前記目的関数に対して、前記機器側モデルに基づく前記目的関数の重み付けを行う係数を決定する請求項7に記載の空気調和機制御装置。
- パッシブスカラ分布によるスカラモデルを構築するスカラモデル構築部を備え、
前記目的関数計算部は、前記スカラモデルを含む前記目的関数の計算を行う請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和機制御装置。
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