WO2022151496A1 - 送料装置 - Google Patents

送料装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022151496A1
WO2022151496A1 PCT/CN2021/072561 CN2021072561W WO2022151496A1 WO 2022151496 A1 WO2022151496 A1 WO 2022151496A1 CN 2021072561 W CN2021072561 W CN 2021072561W WO 2022151496 A1 WO2022151496 A1 WO 2022151496A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side wall
hopper
feeding device
batching
dispenser
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/072561
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
车战斌
Original Assignee
车战斌
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 车战斌 filed Critical 车战斌
Priority to CN202180000338.5A priority Critical patent/CN115175864A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/072561 priority patent/WO2022151496A1/zh
Publication of WO2022151496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022151496A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/68—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using rotating devices

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of mechanical equipment, and in particular, to a feeding device.
  • the vibration method in order to prevent the material from forming arches, the vibration method is usually adopted, that is, the outer wall of the shell or the material is vibrated by mechanical force to achieve the effect of breaking the arch.
  • this method requires extra large mechanical external force to be realized, so it requires external energy supply with very high power, resulting in very high operating costs, especially for the case of a large amount of materials, the cost is very huge.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a feeding device to at least partially solve the above problems.
  • a feeding device includes: a hopper, the hopper includes a first side wall and a second side wall, and the first angle between the first side wall and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to the hopper conveying
  • the stacking slope or the first included angle of the material stack formed by the accumulation of the materials is greater than or equal to 35°, and the horizontal distance between the upper end of the second side wall and the first side wall is smaller than the horizontal distance between the lower end of the second side wall and the first side wall , the second angle between the second side wall and the horizontal plane is less than 90°;
  • the dispenser, the dispenser is rotatably arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall, and the dispenser and the first side wall are There is a blanking gap between the dispenser and the second side wall, so as to disperse the material along its own axis when the dispenser rotates, and make the material unload along the axis of the dispenser.
  • the batching device includes: a batching rotating shaft, which is rotatably arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall; an axial batching structure, the axial batching structure is arranged on the batching rotating shaft, and follows The batching rotating shaft rotates to disperse the material falling on the batching device along the axial direction of the batching rotating shaft.
  • the axial batching structure includes at least two sections of batching spirals, and the directions of rotation of the at least two sections of batching spirals are opposite.
  • the first side wall and the second side wall are provided with adjustment grooves, the two ends of the dispenser in the axial direction are arranged in the adjustment grooves in a one-to-one correspondence, and the dispenser can be vertically aligned along the adjustment grooves. Move to adjust the width of the blanking gap between the dispenser and the first and second side walls.
  • baffles are provided at both ends of the dispenser, and the baffles extend in the vertical direction to cover the adjustment groove.
  • the second side wall includes an upper section, a lower section and a connecting section, the upper section and the lower section pass through the connecting section, the upper section and the lower section are parallel to each other, and the horizontal distance between the upper section and the first side wall is smaller than the lower section. The horizontal distance between the segment and the first side wall.
  • the value of the second included angle between the lower section and the horizontal plane is 90° minus the self-locking angle between the material and the second side wall.
  • the feeding device further includes a drying chamber located outside the hopper and covering at least part of the hopper, and drying gas is introduced into the drying chamber to dry the material.
  • the feeding device further includes a push row, the push row is located above the dispenser, and the push row includes a plurality of movable push teeth, and applies downward thrust to the material above the dispenser.
  • the top of the hopper is provided with an opening for feeding
  • the feeding device further includes a spreader
  • the spreader is arranged at the opening of the hopper, so that the material entering the hopper from the opening is spread out along the axial direction of the spreader.
  • the spreader comprises: a roller shaft; and at least two sections of spreading helical structure arranged on the roller shaft along the axial direction of the roller shaft, the helical directions of the at least two sections of the spreading helical structure are opposite, and the roller shaft is rotatable It is arranged at the opening, and the position of the roller shaft corresponds to the opening, so that the material entering the hopper from the opening falls between at least two sections of the spreading spiral structure.
  • the feeding device is used for conveying materials.
  • the hopper includes a first side wall and a second side wall.
  • the first angle between the first side wall and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to the stacking slope ⁇ of the fuel pile formed by the material accumulation.
  • the second side wall The horizontal distance between the upper end of the second side wall and the first side wall is smaller than the horizontal distance between the lower end of the second side wall and the first side wall, and the second included angle between the second side wall and the horizontal plane is less than 90°.
  • the batching device is arranged between the first side wall and the second side wall, and there is a blanking gap between the batching device and the first side wall and between the batching device and the second side wall, so that the material can follow the direction of the batching device. Axial cutting.
  • the gravity of the material itself can provide it with a sliding component sufficient to overcome the friction force, so that the material can smoothly move along the first side wall.
  • the inner wall of the machine slides down and avoids the material from arching in the hopper.
  • the second angle between the second side wall and the horizontal plane is less than 90° (preferably 90° minus the self-locking angle of the material relative to the second side wall), and the upper end of the second side wall is closer to the first side wall in the horizontal direction than the lower end, ensuring that the material and the second side wall can be eliminated. friction between the two side walls.
  • the batcher can realize the dispersion of the material, so that the material is dispersed along the axial direction of the batcher, and the uniformity of the conveying is improved. Therefore, the friction between the material and the first side wall and the second side wall is eliminated, so that the material can fall smoothly without arching in the hopper, and there is no need to configure a strong vibration source to ensure smooth material transportation. Reduced operating costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional structure of a feeding device in cooperation with a fixture according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of another feeding device in accordance with an embodiment of the present application in cooperation with a fixture;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the aforementioned another feeding device in an embodiment of the present application in cooperation with a fixture;
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the feeding device with a drying chamber and the fixing according to the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a batching device of another aforementioned feeding device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a spreader of another aforementioned feeding device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the feeding device includes a hopper and a batching device 83
  • the hopper includes a first side wall 81 and a second side wall 82, the first side wall 81 and the horizontal plane 43
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 The stacking gradient ⁇ or the first included angle ⁇ 1 of the material pile formed by the accumulation of materials conveyed by the hopper is greater than or equal to 35°, and the horizontal distance between the upper end of the second side wall 82 and the first side wall 81 is smaller than that of the second side wall 82
  • the horizontal distance between the lower end and the first side wall 81, the second included angle ⁇ 2 between the second side wall 82 and the horizontal plane 43 is less than 90°;
  • the dispenser 83 is rotatably arranged between the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82
  • the feeding device is used to convey the material.
  • the hopper includes a first side wall 81 and a second side wall 82.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 between the first side wall 81 and the horizontal plane is greater than or equal to the stacking slope ⁇ of the fuel pile formed by the accumulation of materials.
  • the horizontal distance between the upper end of the second side wall 82 and the first side wall 81 is smaller than the horizontal distance between the lower end of the second side wall 82 and the first side wall 81
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 between the second side wall 82 and the horizontal plane is less than 90° .
  • the dispenser 83 is arranged between the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82, and there is a blanking gap between the dispenser 83 and the first side wall 81 and between the dispenser 83 and the second side wall 82, so as to The material is unloaded along the axis of the batching device 83 .
  • the gravity of the material can provide it with a sliding component sufficient to overcome the frictional force, so that the material can smoothly move along the The inner wall surface of one side wall 81 slides down, and prevents the material from arching in the hopper.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 between the second side wall 82 and the horizontal plane The angle is less than 90°, and the upper end of the second side wall 82 is closer to the first side wall 81 in the horizontal direction than the lower end thereof, which ensures that the friction force between the material and the second side wall 82 can be eliminated.
  • the batcher 83 can realize the dispersion of the material, so that the material is dispersed along the axial direction of the batcher 83, and the uniformity of the conveying is improved.
  • the stress state in the hopper can dissolve the friction between the material and the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82, so that the material can fall smoothly without arching in the hopper, and there is no need to configure a strong vibration source. It ensures smooth material transportation and reduces operating costs.
  • the first included angle between the first side wall 81 and the horizontal plane may be slightly smaller than the stacking slope, as long as it is ensured that the first included angle is greater than or equal to 35°.
  • the inventor found in the research process that since the friction coefficient of the first side wall 81 is smaller than the friction coefficient of the surface of the coal or grain, the coal or grain and the The frictional force between the first side walls 81 is smaller than the frictional force between two coals (or two grains), so even if the first included angle is smaller than the stacking slope, as long as it is greater than 35°, the coal can still be burned Or the grain slides smoothly.
  • the first angle between the first side wall 81 and the horizontal plane is smaller than the stacking slope, it only needs to be greater than or equal to 40°. As shown in FIG.
  • the first side wall 81 may be an integral plate, which is connected to the fixture by mechanical connection such as welding, bolting, riveting, or integral molding such as casting.
  • the first side wall 81 may also be other appropriate structures and shapes other than plates, which are not limited in this embodiment.
  • Fixtures can be different for different usage scenarios.
  • the material being conveyed is a solid fuel (such as coal, biomass fuel, or garbage, etc.)
  • the fixture may be the top wall of a burner that burns solid fuel.
  • the material to be conveyed is grain crops such as wheat and corn
  • the fixed object may be a casing or the like on the conveyor belt.
  • the conveyed material is a granular industrial product (such as raw coal) to be processed
  • the fixed object may be a fixed base or the like.
  • the second side wall 82 can be a one-piece plate or other suitable structure and shape, and the second side wall 82 can also be connected to the fixture by mechanical connection such as welding, bolting, riveting, or integral molding such as casting.
  • the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82 are disposed opposite to each other.
  • the lower end of the first side wall 81 is connected to the first end of the opening for the material to pass through on the fixture, and the lower end of the second side wall 82 is connected to the fixture. the second end of the opening.
  • the second side wall 82 includes an upper section 821, a lower section 822 and a connecting section, the upper section 821 and the lower section 822 pass through the connecting section, the upper section 821 and the lower section 822 are parallel to each other, and the upper section 821 and the first side
  • the horizontal distance between the walls 81 is smaller than the horizontal distance between the lower section 822 and the first side wall 81 .
  • the value of the second included angle ?2 between the lower section 822 and the horizontal plane 43 is 90° minus the self-locking angle between the material and the second side wall 82.
  • the second angle ⁇ 2 between the second side wall 82 and the horizontal plane is the angle between the lower section 821 and the horizontal plane.
  • the third and second included angles ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 2 between the upper section 822 and the horizontal plane are equal to 90° minus the material and The self-locking angle of the second side wall 82 .
  • the angle inclined relative to the vertical direction is the self-locking angle (the value of the self-locking angle is 0° to 10°, preferably 8° to 10°)
  • the self-locking angle is 0° to 10°, preferably 8° to 10°
  • connection section can be set as required, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the advantage of setting the connecting section is that other required structures (such as material level detectors) can be installed on the connecting section without affecting the angle between the upper section 822 and the lower section 821, and the smooth falling of materials.
  • the dispenser 83 is arranged horizontally and parallel to the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82.
  • the hopper also includes a third side wall and a fourth side wall. The first axial end of the dispenser 83 is arranged on the third side wall, and the second axial end of the dispenser 83 is arranged on the fourth side wall.
  • the batcher 83 can move in the height direction, so that the lower part between the batcher 83 and the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82
  • the width of the material gap (W1 and W2 shown in the figure) changes to adapt to the maximum particle size of different materials.
  • the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82 are provided with adjustment grooves, the two axial ends of the dispenser 83 are arranged in the adjustment grooves in a one-to-one correspondence, and the dispenser 83 can move along the adjustment grooves. Move in the vertical direction to adjust the width of the blanking gap between the dispenser 83 and the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82 .
  • baffles 833 are provided at both ends of the dispenser 83, and the baffles 833 extend in the vertical direction to cover the adjustment tank.
  • the baffle can be driven to move together, so as to ensure that the baffle will not interfere with the movement of the dispenser 83 .
  • the batching device 83 includes a batching rotating shaft 831 and an axial batching structure 832, the batching rotating shaft 831 is rotatably arranged between the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82; the axial batching structure 832 is arranged on the batching on the rotating shaft 831 and rotates with the batching rotating shaft 831 to disperse the materials dropped on the batching device 83 along the axial direction of the batching rotating shaft 831 .
  • Axial dispersion of materials can be achieved through the proportioning device 83 of this structure, so as to achieve uniform conveying of materials.
  • the axial dosing structure 832 includes at least two stages of dosing spirals, and the directions of rotation of the at least two dosing spirals are opposite.
  • the batching rotating shaft 831 rotates
  • the batching screw body rotates with it, so that the material is pushed by the screw to move along the axial direction, and the batching screw body can provide a moving space for the material.
  • the material is pressed against the first side wall 81 or the first side wall 81
  • the two side walls 82 are moved up, the pressing force is eliminated by axial movement, so as to prevent the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82 from being damaged.
  • Any two sections of ingredient spirals with different directions of rotation can be connected together, that is, have a common end point, or they can be separated by a certain distance.
  • two sections of the batching spiral body with different rotation directions may be provided on the batching rotating shaft 831, and each section of the batching spiral body is a single-threaded structure, so as to realize the axial batching.
  • two groups of dosing spirals may be provided on the dosing rotating shaft 831, and the two groups of dosing spirals may include 3, 4 or more dosing spirals, as long as the rotation directions of at least two dosing spirals are different. , can achieve axial distribution.
  • the two groups of dosing spirals may include four-stage dosing spirals, and each group of dosing spirals includes two-stage dosing spirals that form a double-threaded structure with the same direction of rotation.
  • the feeding device further includes a material level detector to detect the material level below the dispenser 83, so as to control the dispenser 83 according to the material level.
  • the material level detector can include a distance measuring sensor.
  • the distance measuring sensor is arranged in the hopper and connected with the drive motor of the batcher 83.
  • the batcher 83 is driven.
  • the motor stops moving, thereby stopping the batching.
  • the drive motor of the dispenser 83 is rotated, and then the dispenser 83 starts to unload. In this way, the batcher 83 has the function of controlling the amount of material to be conveyed.
  • the batching device 83 is set to control whether the material above can be dropped, the control through the batching device 83 is realized. The effect of the amount of material entering the furnace.
  • the distance measuring sensor can be a laser distance meter, an ultrasonic distance meter, etc. as long as it can measure the material level.
  • the feeding device further includes a drying chamber 85 located outside the hopper and covering at least part of the hopper, and drying gas is introduced into the drying chamber 85 to dry the material.
  • the material can be dried by passing the drying medium (such as gas or liquid with a higher temperature than the material) into the drying chamber 85 to reduce the viscosity of the material and improve the fluidity.
  • the drying medium such as gas or liquid with a higher temperature than the material
  • the drying chamber may be formed by a cylinder sleeved outside the hopper, or may be formed by connecting plates outside the first side wall 81 and the second side wall 82 in any suitable manner, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the feeding device further includes a push row, which is located above the batching device 83, and The push row includes a plurality of movable push teeth, and applies downward thrust to the material above the dispenser 83 .
  • the push row is used to exert a downward thrust on the material to move the material downward when required.
  • the push row can be synchronized with the start and stop of the dispenser 83, so that the push row moves with the dispenser 83 when the dispenser 83 rotates, so as to cooperate with the dispenser 83 to drop the material.
  • the push teeth 851 can reciprocate up and down along the inner wall of the first side wall 81 of the hopper. In this way, when the pusher teeth 851 move downward, a downward thrust can be applied to the material, but when the pusher teeth 851 move upwards, it is not enough to drive the material to move, thereby realizing the cyclic movement of the pusher teeth 851 .
  • the structure, shape, and material of the push teeth 851 can be determined as required, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the push teeth 851 may be triangular push teeth, trapezoidal push teeth, or the like.
  • the lower surface of the push teeth 851 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the first side wall 81 , which can effectively prevent the push teeth 851 from being stuck or the material from sticking to the first side wall 81 .
  • an anti-wear coating may be provided on the push teeth 851 and/or the inner wall surfaces of the first side wall 81 .
  • the top of the hopper is provided with an opening for feeding
  • the feeding device further includes a spreader 86, which is arranged at the opening of the hopper, so that the material entering the hopper 86 from the opening is spread along the The feeder is spread out axially.
  • the spreader 86 is used to distribute the material in the axial direction, so as to solve the problem that the width of the conveying row or the conveyor belt in the prior art is limited, which causes the material to be concentrated in a narrow range when it reaches the hopper, and cannot be dispersed evenly in the hopper. problem on the whole face.
  • the spreader 86 includes a roller shaft 861 and at least two stages of spreading helical structures arranged on the roller shaft 861 along the axial direction of the roller shaft 861, and the helical directions of the at least two stages of spreading helical structures are opposite, and the roller shafts
  • the 861 is rotatably arranged at the opening, and the roller shaft 861 corresponds to the position of the opening, so that the material entering the hopper from the opening falls into at least two stages of the spreading spiral structure.
  • the material can be moved along the spreading helical structure to the two ends of the roller shaft 861 during the rotation of the roller shaft 861, so as to realize the dispersion of the material in the axial direction, and at the same time with the roller shaft When the 861 rotates, the material falls down and accumulates on the top of the batcher 83.
  • At least two sections of the spreading helical structure can be connected together, that is, have a common end point, or can be separated by a certain distance.
  • roller shaft 861 is provided with two-stage feeding helical structures, single threads with different rotation directions are formed to realize axial feeding.
  • roller shaft 861 is provided with two or more sections of the spreading helical structure, for example, four sections of the spreading helical structure are provided, double threads with different rotation directions can be formed to realize axial material splitting.
  • roller shaft 861 an appropriate number of spreading helical structures may be provided on the roller shaft 861, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the feeding device may further include a detector for the material level of the material above the batcher 83 .
  • the detector can be the structure of a mechanical pendulum rod and a touch switch.
  • the touch switch is connected to the drive motor of the spreader 86.
  • the pendulum rod is pressed against the touch switch.
  • the touch switch stops the drive motor of the spreader 86 from rotating; when the material level above the dispenser 83 does not meet the demand, the pendulum rod is separated from the touch switch, and the touch switch makes the drive motor of the spreader 86 rotate, Thereby, the spreader 86 is rotated, so that the material enters the hopper.
  • the detector may also be a non-contact detector, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the hopper can be used in all scenarios that generate material flow, such as in the grain storage process, grain transfer or processing will generate material flow.
  • material flow is also generated during the transportation and processing of raw coal.
  • the hopper in this application can be used for material transportation and control.
  • the hopper may be required in some processes.
  • the hopper needs to be configured on the crusher to feed the crusher.
  • the hopper is connected to the cavity shell 41 of the crusher.
  • a feeding port 42 is provided on the top of the cavity shell 41, and a conveying pipe is provided above the opening of the hopper for conveying grain into the hopper.
  • the feeding of the conveying pipe belongs to "point feeding", that is, the grain is gathered in a small area. If it is not processed, the grain will not be quickly dispersed into the entire hopper, causing the space of the hopper to be wasted.
  • the hopper of the present application has a spreader 86, so when the grain falling from the conveying pipe falls on the spreader 86, it is dispersed in the axial direction by the spreader 86, and then spreads to the entire cross section of the hopper with the flow of the grain. So that the grain can more fully fill the space of the entire hopper.
  • the grains above are dispersed in the axial direction and conveyed to the lower part of the batcher 82, and then fall into the cavity shell 41 for crushing.
  • the first included angle of the first side wall 81 is greater than or equal to the stacking slope formed by the grain accumulation (or greater than or equal to 35°)
  • the second included angle between the second side wall 82 and the horizontal plane is 90° ° minus the self-locking angle (the second side wall 82 is inclined toward the first side wall 81 )

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种送料装置。送料装置包括料斗，料斗包括第一侧壁和第二侧壁，第一侧壁与水平面的第一夹角大于或等于料斗输送的物料堆积形成的物料堆的堆放坡度或第一夹角大于或等于35°，第二侧壁的上端与第一侧壁的水平距离小于第二侧壁的下端与第一侧壁的水平距离，第二侧壁与水平面的第二夹角小于90°；配料器，配料器可转动地设置在第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间，且配料器与第一侧壁之间和配料器与第二侧壁之间均具有下料间隙，以在配料器转动时沿自身轴向对物料进行分散，并使物料沿着配料器的轴向下料。该送料装置可以避免结拱。

Description

送料装置 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及机械设备领域，尤其涉及一种送料装置。
背景技术
在物料输送领域长期存在着物料搭桥、结拱的问题，例如物料之间由于受力而相互粘连而形成稳定状态。一旦物料结拱就会导致物料无法出料，使得物料流动中断，而在破拱时物料塌下的瞬间还会对承载物料的壳体造成很大的压力，容易造成壳体损坏，影响了可靠性。
现有技术中为了防止物料结拱通常是采用振动方法，即采用机械力振动壳体外壁或者是振动物料，达到破拱的效果。但是这种方式需要额外附加极大的机械外力才可以实现，因此需要功率十分高的外部能源提供，造成运行成本十分高，尤其是对物料量很大的情况，成本十分巨大。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种送料装置，以至少部分地解决上述问题。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供一种送料装置，送料装置包括：料斗，料斗包括第一侧壁和第二侧壁，第一侧壁与水平面的第一夹角大于或等于料斗输送的物料堆积形成的物料堆的堆放坡度或第一夹角大于或等于35°，第二侧壁的上端与第一侧壁的水平距离小于第二侧壁的下端与第一侧壁的水平距离，第二侧壁与水平面的第二夹角小于90°；配料器，配料器可转动地设置在第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间，且配料器与第一侧壁之间和配料器 与第二侧壁之间均具有下料间隙，以在配料器转动时沿自身轴向对物料进行分散，并使物料沿着配料器的轴向下料。
可选地，配料器包括：配料转动轴，配料转动轴可转动地设置在第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间；轴向配料结构，轴向配料结构设置在配料转动轴上，并随配料转动轴转动，以将掉落在配料器上的物料沿着配料转动轴的轴向分散。
可选地，轴向配料结构包括至少两段配料螺旋体，至少两段配料螺旋体的旋向相反。
可选地，第一侧壁和第二侧壁上设置有调节槽，配料器轴向上的两端一一对应地设置在调节槽内，且配料器能够沿着调节槽在竖直方向上移动，以调整配料器与第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间的下料间隙的宽度。
可选地，配料器的两端均设置有挡板，挡板沿竖直方向延伸，以覆盖调节槽。
可选地，第二侧壁包括上方段、下方段和连接段，上方段和下方段通过连接段，上方段和下方段相互平行，且上方段与第一侧壁之间的水平距离小于下方段与第一侧壁之间的水平距离。
可选地，下方段与水平面之间的第二夹角的取值为90°减去物料与第二侧壁的自锁角。
可选地，送料装置还包括位于料斗外并且包覆至少部分料斗的干燥腔，干燥腔内通入干燥气体，以对物料进行干燥。
可选地，送料装置还包括推排，推排位于配料器的上方，且推排包括多个可移动的推齿，并向配料器上方的物料施加向下的推力。
可选地，料斗的顶部设置有用于进料的开口，送料装置还包括摊料器，摊料器设置于料斗的开口处，以使从开口进入料斗的物料沿摊料器的轴向摊开。
可选地，摊料器包括：辊轴；和沿着辊轴的轴向设置在辊轴上的至少两段摊料螺旋结构，至少两段摊料螺旋结构的螺旋方向相反，辊轴可转动地设置在开口处，辊轴和开口的位置对应，从而使自开口进入料斗的物料落入至 少两段摊料螺旋结构之间。
在本申请实施例中送料装置用于输送物料。为了防止物料在料斗内结拱，料斗包括第一侧壁和第二侧壁，第一侧壁与水平面的第一夹角大于或等于物料堆积形成的燃料堆的堆放坡度γ，第二侧壁的上端与第一侧壁的水平距离小于第二侧壁的下端与第一侧壁的水平距离，第二侧壁与水平面的第二夹角小于90°。
配料器设置在第一侧壁和第二侧壁之间，且配料器与第一侧壁之间和配料器与第二侧壁之间均具有下料间隙，以使物料沿着配料器的轴向下料。
由于第一侧壁与水平面的第一夹角大于或等于物料的堆放坡度，使得物料自身的重力能够为其提供足够克服摩擦力的下滑分力，这样物料能够较为顺畅地沿着第一侧壁的内壁面下滑，且避免物料在料斗内结拱。同样地，为了消除物料与第二侧壁之间的摩擦力，让物料能够依靠自身重力实现自然流动，以防止物料在料斗内结拱，第二侧壁与水平面的第二夹角小于90°(优选地为90°减去物料相对第二侧壁的自锁角)，且第二侧壁的上端相较于其下端在水平方向上更加靠近第一侧壁，确保了能够消除物料与第二侧壁之间的摩擦力。
配料器能够实现对物料的分散，使得物料沿着配料器的轴向分散，提升输料的均匀性，通过控制第一侧壁和第二侧壁的倾斜角度，以优化物料在料斗内的受力状态，从而消解物料与第一侧壁和第二侧壁的摩擦力，使得物料能够顺畅下落，而不会在料斗内结拱，且无需额外配置强力的振动源，确保了物料输送顺畅，降低了运行成本。
附图说明
为以下附图仅旨在于对本申请做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本申请的范围。
图1示出了本申请实施例的一种送料装置与固定物配合的立体结构剖视示意图；
图2示出了本申请实施例的另一种送料装置与固定物配合的立体结构剖视示意图；
图3示出了本申请实施例的前述的另一种送料装置与固定物配合的结构示意图；
图4示出了本申请实施例的带干燥腔的送料装置与固定物配合的结构示意图；
图5示出了本申请实施例的前述的另一种送料装置的配料器的立体结构示意图；和
图6示出了本申请实施例的前述的另一种送料装置的摊料器的立体结构示意图。
41、腔体壳；42、进料口；81、第一侧壁；82、第二侧壁；821、下方段；822、上方段；83、配料器；831、挡板；841、第一触碰开关；85、干燥腔；851、推齿；86、摊料器；861、辊轴；862、配料螺旋结构。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的人员更好地理解本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
参照图1，其示出了一种送料装置，送料装置包括料斗和配料器83，料斗包括第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82，第一侧壁81与水平面43的第一夹角φ1大于或等于料斗输送的物料堆积形成的物料堆的堆放坡度γ或第一夹角φ1大于或等于35°，第二侧壁82的上端与第一侧壁81的水平距离小于第二侧 壁82的下端与第一侧壁81的水平距离，第二侧壁82与水平面43的第二夹角φ2小于90°；配料器83可转动地设置在第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82之间，且配料器83与第一侧壁81之间和配料器83与第二侧壁82之间均具有下料间隙，以在配料器83转动时沿自身轴向对物料进行分散，并使物料沿着配料器83的轴向下料。
送料装置用于输送物料。为了防止物料在料斗内结拱，料斗包括第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82，第一侧壁81与水平面的第一夹角φ1大于或等于物料堆积形成的燃料堆的堆放坡度γ，第二侧壁82的上端与第一侧壁81的水平距离小于第二侧壁82的下端与第一侧壁81的水平距离，第二侧壁82与水平面的第二夹角φ2小于90°。
配料器83设置在第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82之间，且配料器83与第一侧壁81之间和配料器83与第二侧壁82之间均具有下料间隙，以使物料沿着配料器83的轴向下料。
由于第一侧壁81与水平面的第一夹角φ1大于或等于物料的堆放坡度γ，使得物料自身的重力能够为其提供足够克服摩擦力的下滑分力，这样物料能够较为顺畅地沿着第一侧壁81的内壁面下滑，且避免物料在料斗内结拱。同样地，为了消除物料与第二侧壁82之间的摩擦力，让物料能够依靠自身重力实现自然流动，以防止物料在料斗内结拱，第二侧壁82与水平面的第二夹角φ2小于90°，且第二侧壁82的上端相较于其下端在水平方向上更加靠近第一侧壁81，确保了能够消除物料与第二侧壁82之间的摩擦力。
配料器83能够实现对物料的分散，使得物料沿着配料器83的轴向分散，提升输料的均匀性，通过控制第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82的倾斜角度，以优化物料在料斗内的受力状态，从而消解物料与第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82的摩擦力，使得物料能够顺畅下落，而不会在料斗内结拱，且无需额外配置强力的振动源，确保了物料输送顺畅，降低了运行成本。
或者，在另一实现中，第一侧壁81与水平面之间的第一夹角可以略小于 堆放坡度，只要保证第一夹角大于或等于35°即可。
例如，物料为燃煤、粮食等流动性较好的物质时，发明人在研究过程中发现，由于第一侧壁81的摩擦系数小于燃煤或粮食表面的摩擦系数，使得燃煤或粮食与第一侧壁81之间的摩擦力相较于两个燃煤(或两个粮食)之间的摩擦力更小，因此即使第一夹角小于堆放坡度，只要大于35°也能保证燃煤或粮食顺畅地下滑。同理，对于生物质燃料而言，若第一侧壁81与水平面之间的第一夹角小于堆放坡度，则只要大于或等于40°即可。如图1所示，在本实施例中，第一侧壁81可以是一体式的板材，通过焊接、螺栓连接、铆接等机械连接方式或者铸造等一体成型方式与固定物连接。当然，第一侧壁81也可以是板材之外的其他的适当的结构和形状，本实施例对此不作限制。
针对不同的使用场景固定物可以不同。例如，若输送的物料是固体燃料(如燃煤、生物质燃料或者垃圾等)，则固定物可以是燃烧固体燃料的燃烧炉的顶壁。又例如，若输送的物料是麦子、玉米等颗粒状态的粮食作物，则固定物可以是输送带上的罩壳等。再例如，若输送的物料是待处理的颗粒状的工业产品(如原煤)，则固定物可以是固定基座等。
第二侧壁82可以是一体式的板材或者是其他适当的结构和形状，第二侧壁82也可以通过焊接、螺栓连接、铆接等机械连接方式或者铸造等一体成型方式与固定物连接。
第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82相对设置，例如，第一侧壁81的下端连接在固定物上供物料通过的开口的第一端，第二侧壁82的下端连接在固定物上的开口的第二端。
可选地，第二侧壁82包括上方段821、下方段822和连接段，上方段821和下方段822通过连接段，上方段821和下方段822相互平行，且上方段821与第一侧壁81之间的水平距离小于下方段822与第一侧壁81之间的水平距离。
优选地，下方段822与水平面43之间的第二夹角φ2的取值为90°减去 物料与第二侧壁82的自锁角。第二侧壁82与水平面的第二夹角φ2为下方段821与水平面的夹角，上方段822与水平面的第三夹角φ3和第二夹角φ2相等，且为90°减去物料与第二侧壁82的自锁角。
由于上方段822和下方段821均为倾斜设置，且相对竖直方向倾斜的角度为自锁角(自锁角的取值为0°～10°，优选为8°～10°)，因此使得物料相对第二侧壁82的摩擦力被消除掉，从而使物料不会在料斗内结拱和搭桥，在需要物料掉落时，通过配料器83施加一个扰动就可以使物料顺畅地下落。
连接段与水平面的夹角可以根据需要设置，本实施例不作限制。设置连接段的好处在于可以在连接段上安装其他需要的结构(如料位检测器)等，而不会影响到上方段822和下方段821的夹角，也不会影响物料的顺畅下落。
在本实施例中，配料器83水平设置，且平行于第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82，为了能够对配料器83进行支撑，料斗还包括第三侧壁和第四侧壁，配料器83轴向的第一端设置在第三侧壁上，配料器83轴向上的第二端设置在第四侧壁上。
优选地，为了适应不同的物料的最大粒径，提升料斗的适应性，配料器83能够在高度方向上移动，这样使得配料器83与第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82之间的下料间隙的宽度(图中所示W1和W2)产生变化，从而适应不同的物料的最大粒径。
在一示例中，第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82上设置有调节槽，配料器83轴向上的两端一一对应地设置在调节槽内，且配料器83能够沿着调节槽在竖直方向上移动，以调整配料器83与第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82之间的下料间隙的宽度。
为了避免物料从调节槽泄漏，配料器83的两端均设置有挡板833，挡板833沿竖直方向延伸，以覆盖调节槽。在配料器83上下移动时可以带动挡板一起移动，以保证挡板不会干扰配料器83移动。
可选地，配料器83包括配料转动轴831和轴向配料结构832，配料转动 轴831可转动地设置在第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82之间；轴向配料结构832设置在配料转动轴831上，并随配料转动轴831转动，以将掉落在配料器83上的物料沿着配料转动轴831的轴向分散。通过这种结构的配料器83可以实现物料的轴向分散，从而实现均匀输送物料。
优选地，轴向配料结构832包括至少两段配料螺旋体，至少两段配料螺旋体的旋向相反。在配料转动轴831转动时，配料螺旋体随之转动，以使物料被螺旋推动而沿着轴向移动，同时配料螺旋体可以为物料提供移动空间，当物料被抵紧在第一侧壁81或第二侧壁82上时通过轴向移动消解抵紧的力，以防止破坏第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82。
旋向不同的任意两段配料螺旋体可以连接在一起，也即具有共同的端点，或者也可以分开一定距离。
在一示例中，可以在配料转动轴831上设置旋向不同的两段配料螺旋体，每段配料螺旋体都是单螺纹结构，以此实现轴向分料。或者，在另一示例中，可以在配料转动轴831上设置两组配料螺旋体，两组配料螺旋体可以包括3段、4段或者更多的配料螺旋体，只要保证至少两段配料螺旋体的旋向不同，能够实现轴向分料即可。
例如，两组配料螺旋体可以包括四段配料螺旋体，每组配料螺旋体包括形成双螺纹结构的旋向相同的两段配料螺旋体。
在一示例中，为了使配料器83更加智能，送料装置还包括料位检测器，以检测配料器83下方的料位，从而根据料位控制配料器83。
料位检测器可以包括测距传感器，测距传感器设置于料斗，且与配料器83的驱动电机连接，在检测到配料器83下方的物料的高度满足设定高度时，使配料器83的驱动电机停止动作，从而停止配料。检测到配料器83下方的物料高度不满足设定高度时，使配料器83的驱动电机转动，进而使配料器83开始下料。这样使得配料器83具有控制输送的物料量的作用。以送料装置应用到燃烧炉中用于向燃烧炉的炉膛内输送物料(如固体燃料)为例，由 于设置了配料器83来控制上方的物料是否能够掉落，因此实现了通过配料器83控制进入炉膛的物料量的作用。
测距传感器可以是激光测距仪、超声波测距仪等等只要能够测量料位即可。优选地，为了提升料斗的适应性，送料装置还包括位于料斗外并且包覆至少部分料斗的干燥腔85，干燥腔85内通入干燥气体，以对物料进行干燥。
通过何止干燥腔85，并在其中通入干燥介质(如温度相较于物料更高的气体或者液体)可以物料进行干燥，以降低物料的黏性，提升流动性。
干燥腔可以由套设在料斗外的筒体形成，也可以通过在第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82外连接板材等任何适当的方式形成，本实施例对此不作限制。
对于湿度较大的物料的流动性差，更容易粘结在第一侧壁81和第二侧壁82上，为了避免粘结，送料装置还包括推排，推排位于配料器83的上方，且推排包括多个可移动的推齿，并向配料器83上方的物料施加向下的推力。
推排用于对物料施加向下的推力，以在需要时使物料向下运动。推排可以与配料器83的启停同步，这样在配料器83转动时推排随之运动，以配合配料器83使物料掉落。
在一示例中，推齿851可沿料斗的第一侧壁81的内壁面上下往复移动。这样在推齿851向下移动时可以为物料施加向下运动的推力，而在推齿851向上运动时不足以带动物料运动，由此实现推齿851的循环运动。
推齿851的结构、形状和材质等可以根据需要确定，本实施例对此不作限制。例如，推齿851可以是三角形推齿、梯形推齿等等。
优选地，推齿851的下表面与第一侧壁81的内壁面贴合，这样可以有效防止推齿851被卡死或者物料粘结在第一侧壁81上。
在推齿851与第一侧壁81贴合时，为了防止过度磨损，可以在推齿851和/或第一侧壁81的内壁面上设置防磨损的涂层。
为了进一步提升进料均匀性，料斗的顶部设置有用于进料的开口，送料 装置还包括摊料器86，摊料器86设置于料斗的开口处，以使从开口进入料斗86的物料沿摊料器的轴向摊开。
摊料器86用于在轴向上分布物料，以解决现有技术中输料排或者传送带的宽度有限，导致物料到达料斗时集中在一个较窄的范围内，不能较为均匀地分散在料斗的整个面上的问题。
可选地，摊料器86包括辊轴861和沿着辊轴861的轴向设置在辊轴861上的至少两段摊料螺旋结构，至少两段摊料螺旋结构的螺旋方向相反，辊轴861可转动地设置在开口处，辊轴861和开口的位置对应，从而使自开口进入料斗的物料落入至少两段摊料螺旋结构。
通过设置至少两段摊料螺旋结构可以在辊轴861转动过程中使物料沿着摊料螺旋结构向辊轴861的两端移动，从而实现在轴向上对物料进行分散，同时随着辊轴861的转动，物料向下掉落，堆积在配料器83的上方。
至少两段摊料螺旋结构可以连接在一起，也即具有共同的端点，或者也可以分开一定距离。
在一示例中，若辊轴861上设置有两段摊料螺旋结构，则形成旋向不同的单螺纹，实现轴向分料。或者，在另一示例中，若辊轴861上设置有两段以上的摊料螺旋结构，如设置四段摊料螺旋结构，则可以形成旋向不同的双螺纹，实现轴向分料。
基于此原理，可以在辊轴861上设置适当数量的摊料螺旋结构，本实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，为了准确控制摊料器86运动，送料装置还可以包括用于配料器83上方物料的料位的检测器。
检测器可以是机械式的摆杆和触碰开关的结构，触碰开关与摊料器86的驱动电机连接，当配料器83上方的料位满足需求时，摆杆被抵压在触碰开关上，触碰开关使摊料器86的驱动电机停止转动；当配料器83上方的料位 不满足需求时，摆杆与触碰开关分离，触碰开关使摊料器86的驱动电机转动，从而使摊料器86转动，使物料进入料斗。
当然，检测器也可以是非接触式的检测器，本实施例对此不作限制。
该料斗可以应用于所有会产生料流的场景中，如粮食仓储过程中，粮食转运或处理会产生料流。又如，在煤炭加工产业中，原煤的输送和处理过程中也会产生料流，这些具有料流的场景中均可以采用本申请中的料斗进行物料的输送和控制。
过程下面结合一个具体使用场景，对料斗的工作过程进行说明如下：
以粮食加工为例，在对粮食进行不同的处理时，一些工序中可能需要该料斗，如在将粮仓中的粮食输送达到破碎工序时，需要在破碎机上配置该料斗以为破碎机供料。在此场景中，料斗与破碎机的腔体壳41连接。
在腔体壳41的顶部设置有进料口42，料斗的开口上方设置有输送管用于向料斗内输送粮食。通常情况下输送管进料属于“点进料”，即粮食聚集在一个较小的区域内，如果不加处理，粮食不会快速地分散到整个料斗内，造成料斗的空间被浪费。但本申请的料斗具有摊料器86，因此输送管下落的粮食落到摊料器86上时被摊料器86沿轴向分散，进而随着粮食的流动分散到料斗的整个横截面上，从而使得粮食可以更加充分地填满整个料斗的空间。
对于摊料器86下方的配料器82而言，当其转动时上方的粮食被在轴向上分散的输送到配料器82的下方，进而下落到腔体壳41内进行破碎处理。
在此过程中，由于第一侧壁81的第一夹角大于或等于粮食堆积形成的堆放坡度(或者是大于或等于35°)、以及第二侧壁82与水平面的第二夹角为90°减去自锁角(第二侧壁82朝向第一侧壁81倾斜)，因此保证了可以消解摩擦力，使得粮食可以顺畅地下滑而不会结拱，保证了输送的安全性。
本实施例中通过改变料斗的结构，改变了料斗内物料的受力状态，从而避免了结拱，进而避免了结拱存在的问题。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
以上所述仅为本申请实施例示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本申请实施例的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本申请实施例的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化、修改与结合，均应属于本申请实施例保护的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种送料装置，其特征在于，所述送料装置包括：
    料斗，所述料斗包括第一侧壁(81)和第二侧壁(82)，所述第一侧壁(81)与水平面(43)的第一夹角(φ1)大于或等于所述料斗输送的物料堆积形成的物料堆的堆放坡度(γ)或所述第一夹角(φ1)大于或等于35°，所述第二侧壁(82)的上端与所述第一侧壁(81)的水平距离小于所述第二侧壁(82)的下端与所述第一侧壁(81)的水平距离，所述第二侧壁(82)与所述水平面(43)的第二夹角(φ2)小于90°；
    配料器(83)，所述配料器(83)可转动地设置在所述第一侧壁(81)和第二侧壁(82)之间，且所述配料器(83)与所述第一侧壁(81)之间和所述配料器(83)与所述第二侧壁(82)之间均具有下料间隙，以在所述配料器(83)转动时沿自身轴向对所述物料进行分散，并使所述物料沿着所述配料器(83)的轴向下料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述配料器(83)包括：
    配料转动轴(831)，所述配料转动轴(831)可转动地设置在所述第一侧壁(81)和所述第二侧壁(82)之间；
    轴向配料结构(832)，所述轴向配料结构(832)设置在所述配料转动轴(831)上，并随所述配料转动轴(831)转动，以将掉落在所述配料器(83)上的物料沿着所述配料转动轴(831)的轴向分散。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述轴向配料结构(832)包括至少两段配料螺旋体，至少两段所述配料螺旋体的旋向相反。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述第一侧壁(81)和所述第二侧壁(82)上设置有调节槽，所述配料器(83)轴向上的两端一一对应地设置在所述调节槽内，且所述配料器(83)能够沿着所述调节槽在竖直方向上移动，以调整所述配料器(83)与所述第一侧壁(81) 和所述第二侧壁(82)之间的下料间隙的宽度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述配料器(83)的两端均设置有挡板(833)，所述挡板(833)沿竖直方向延伸，以覆盖所述调节槽。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述第二侧壁(82)包括上方段(821)、下方段(822)和连接段，所述上方段(821)和所述下方段(822)通过所述连接段，所述上方段(821)和所述下方段(822)相互平行，且所述上方段(821)与所述第一侧壁(81)之间的水平距离小于所述下方段(822)与所述第一侧壁(81)之间的水平距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述下方段(822)与所述水平面(43)之间的第二夹角(φ2)的取值为90°减去物料与所述第二侧壁(82)的自锁角。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述送料装置还包括位于所述料斗外并且包覆至少部分所述料斗的干燥腔(85)，所述干燥腔(85)内通入干燥气体，以对所述物料进行干燥。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述送料装置还包括推排，所述推排位于所述配料器(83)的上方，且所述推排包括多个可移动的推齿，并向所述配料器(83)上方的物料施加向下的推力。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述料斗的顶部设置有用于进料的开口，所述送料装置还包括摊料器(86)，所述摊料器设置于所述料斗的所述开口处，以使从所述开口进入料斗的物料沿所述摊料器的轴向摊开。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的送料装置，其特征在于，所述摊料器(86)包括：
    辊轴(861)；和
    沿着所述辊轴(861)的轴向设置在所述辊轴(861)上的至少两段摊料螺旋结构，至少两段所述摊料螺旋结构的螺旋方向相反，所述辊轴(861)可 转动地设置在所述开口处，所述辊轴(861)和所述开口的位置对应，从而使自所述开口进入料斗的物料落入至少两段所述摊料螺旋结构之间。
PCT/CN2021/072561 2021-01-18 2021-01-18 送料装置 WO2022151496A1 (zh)

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