WO2022149234A1 - 光送信器および光パワー算出方法 - Google Patents
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0071—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for beam steering, e.g. using a mirror outside the cavity to change the beam direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/564—Power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/028—Coatings ; Treatment of the laser facets, e.g. etching, passivation layers or reflecting layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
- H01S5/068—Stabilisation of laser output parameters
- H01S5/0683—Stabilisation of laser output parameters by monitoring the optical output parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4012—Beam combining, e.g. by the use of fibres, gratings, polarisers, prisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4087—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar emitting more than one wavelength
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S5/0078—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping for frequency filtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/023—Mount members, e.g. sub-mount members
- H01S5/02325—Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical transmitter and an optical power calculation method, and more particularly to a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter using a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission method and a method of calculating the optical power of each wavelength channel.
- a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission method has been used to increase the transmission capacity in an optical communication system with the increase in communication traffic.
- a light source is prepared for each wavelength channel, and output light from a plurality of light sources is combined by an optical combiner and output to an optical fiber.
- it is required to keep the light intensity of an optical transmission signal constant, and in a wavelength division multiplexing optical transmission method, it is also necessary to keep the light intensity of each wavelength channel constant. Therefore, a part of the optical transmission signal is branched to monitor the light intensity, and the light source is controlled so that the monitored light intensity becomes constant.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a conventional multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter that multiplexes four wavelengths.
- the output light from the light sources 10a-10d for each wavelength channel is input to the optical combiner 20 via the collimator lenses 31a-31d and is combined.
- the optical combiner 20 In the output of the optical combiner 20, all wavelength channels are multiplexed and coupled to the optical fiber 41 as wavelength division light through the condenser lens 32.
- FIG 2 shows an example of a light source.
- the light source 10 has a light source chip 11 including a modulation light source unit 16 and an optical amplification unit 15 mounted on the subcarrier 12, and monitors a part of the output light from the modulation light source unit 16 at the rear end of the light source chip 11.
- the monitor PD13 is mounted.
- the monitor PD 13 detects the optical output power of each wavelength channel as a current value, and the control circuit 14 adjusts the amount of current supplied to the light source chip 11 so that the detected current value becomes constant.
- Such an optical output control (APC) circuit makes it possible to keep the optical output power from each light source chip 11 constant (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
- the optical combiner 20 includes a glass block 21, and an antireflection film 22 that transmits the output light from the first light source 10a is formed on the end face on the light source side.
- a reflecting mirror 24 is formed on the end surface of the glass block 21 on the output side, and the output light from the first light source 10a is reflected on the light source side.
- a wavelength filter 23b-23d that transmits the output light from the second light source 10b-10d and reflects the light reflected by the reflector 24 is formed on the end surface on the light source side.
- the optical signal of each wavelength channel reciprocates between the reflecting mirror 24 and the wavelength filter 23b, is multiplexed in order, passes through the antireflection film 25 formed on the end face on the output side, and is wavelength-multiplexed light. Is output as.
- the configuration in which the monitor PD 13 is arranged at the rear end of the light source chip 11 can monitor the optical output power proportional to the output light from the light source chip 11.
- FIG. 3 shows another example of a conventional multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter.
- the output light from the light source 50a-50d for each wavelength channel is input to the optical combiner 20 via the collimator lens 31a-31d and the beam splitter 53a-53d, and is combined.
- all wavelength channels are multiplexed as wavelength division light through the condenser lens 32 and coupled to the optical fiber 41 (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- the output light from the light source chip 51 is partially branched by the beam splitter 53a-53d and monitored by the monitor PD54a-54d.
- the output of the monitor PD54a-d is input to the control circuit of the light source 50, and the amount of current supplied to the light source chip 51 is adjusted so that the detected current value becomes constant.
- the output from the optical amplification unit of the light source 50 can be accurately monitored, but the light loss is increased by the passing loss of the beam splitter 53. Occur. Further, the output light from the first light source 50a has a problem that the optical path length transmitted through the optical combiner 20 is long as compared with the optical path lengths of other wavelength channels, so that the loss is large.
- One embodiment of the present invention is an optical transmitter that multiplexes and outputs a plurality of wavelength channels, and has one or more different wavelengths from the first light source and the first light source, each having a different wavelength.
- the second light source and the output light from the first light source are transmitted from the first end face to the opposite second end face and reflected by the reflecting mirror formed on the second end face, and the second end face is used.
- the output light from the light source is transmitted through the wavelength filter formed on the first end face, reflected by the reflector, and the output light of each wavelength channel is reciprocated between the reflector and the wavelength filter in order.
- An optical combiner to be multiplexed a first monitor PD that monitors the optical power by using a part of the output light from the first light source as reflected light from the optical combiner, and an output from the second light source. From the outputs of one or more second monitor PDs that monitor the optical power by using a part of the light as reflected light from the optical combiner, the first monitor PD, and the one or more second monitor PDs. It is characterized by comprising a control circuit for calculating the optical power of the output light of each of the first light source and the one or more second light sources.
- the optical power of each wavelength channel can be calculated without using a beam splitter, so that a low-loss optical transmitter can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a light source of a conventional multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter.
- FIG. 3 shows another example of a conventional multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter,
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a control circuit of the multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter according to the first embodiment of the present invention, each of which multiplexes four different wavelengths.
- the output light from the light sources 110a-110d for each wavelength channel is input to the optical combiner 120 via the collimator lens 131a-131d and is combined.
- the optical combiner 120 At the output of the optical combiner 120, all wavelength channels are multiplexed and coupled to the optical fiber 141 as wavelength division light through the condenser lens 132.
- the optical combiner 120 includes a glass block 121, and an antireflection film 122 that transmits the output light from the first light source 110a is formed on the end face on the light source side.
- the antireflection film 122 transmits most of the light power, but a slight reflection component is generated on the incident side. Therefore, a part of the output light from the first light source 110a is input to the monitor PD154a as the reflected light from the optical combiner 120, and the optical power of the output light of the first light source 110a is monitored.
- a reflecting mirror 124 is formed on the end surface of the glass block 121 on the output side, and the output light from the first light source 110a is reflected on the light source side.
- a wavelength filter 123b-123d that transmits the output light from the second light source 110b-110d and reflects the light reflected by the reflector 124 is formed on the end face on the light source side.
- the wavelength filter 123 transmits most of the optical power with respect to the wavelength of the output light from the second light source 110b-110d, but a component that is slightly reflected is generated on the incident side. Further, although it is a total reflection film for the wavelength of the light reflected by the reflector 124, a component that is slightly transmitted to the incident side is generated. Therefore, the output light from the second light source 110b-110d and a part of the light reflected by the reflector 124 are branched to the monitor PD154b-d.
- the output light from the second light source 110bd is partially branched by the wavelength filter 123bd, and the optical power of each output light is monitored by the monitor PD154bd.
- the optical signal of each wavelength channel reciprocates between the reflector 124 and the wavelength filter 123b-d, is multiplexed in order, passes through the antireflection film 125 formed on the end face on the output side, and is wavelength-multiplexed light. Is output as.
- the output of the monitor PD154a-d is input to the control circuit of the light source 150, and a current is supplied to the light source chip 151 so that the detected current value becomes constant, that is, the optical power of each output light becomes constant. Adjust the amount. Details will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the output light from the first light source 10 passes through the beam splitter 53 and the antireflection film 22 of the optical combiner 20 or the wavelength filter 23 and propagates through the glass block 21. ..
- the output light from the first light source 110 passes through only the antireflection film 122 of the optical combiner 120 or the wavelength filter 123 and propagates through the glass block 121.
- the antireflection film is a unidirectional transmissive film and can suppress reflection on the end face of the glass block, but a slight reflection component is generated on the incident surface of the antireflection film. Even in the wavelength filter, a component that is slightly reflected is generated on the incident surface. According to the optical transmitter of the first embodiment, this reflection component can be used to accurately monitor the light output from the light source 110, and the low-loss optical transmitter that suppresses the light loss due to the conventional beam splitter. Can be realized.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the control circuit of the multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter of the first embodiment.
- the control circuit 114 detects the optical output power received by the monitor PD154ad as a current value.
- the control circuit 114 calculates the optical output power of each wavelength channel from the detected current value, and adjusts the current supply amount to the light source chip 111 so that the optical output power of each wavelength channel becomes constant.
- the light from the first light source 110a (wavelength channel 1) is input to the monitor PD154a.
- the light from the second light source 110b (wavelength channel 2)
- the light from the channel 1 reflected by the reflecting mirror 124 and transmitted through the wavelength filter 123b is also input to the monitor PD 154b. Therefore, the optical power of the channel 2 cannot be immediately determined from the optical power detected by the monitor PD154b.
- the monitors PD 154c and 154d the light of each wavelength channel 1-4 is multiplexed in order, so that the optical power of each wavelength channel cannot be discriminated.
- the control circuit 114 calculates the optical power of each wavelength channel by the following procedure.
- the optical power input to the monitor PD154ad is the reflection of each of the antireflection film, the reflector and the wavelength filter on the path from each of the first light source 110 and the second light source 110b-110d to the monitor PD154d. It is the value obtained by multiplying the rate and the transmittance, and is as follows.
- Step 1 Only the first light source 110a is made to emit light with known light power, and the light power is measured by the monitor PD154ad.
- each of the reflectance (Re) and the transmittance (Tr) can be calculated.
- the optical power of each wavelength channel can be calculated without using a beam splitter, so that a low-loss optical transmitter can be realized.
- the optical output of the optical transmitter was measured according to the above procedure.
- the optical output of the first light source 110a was set to +4.0 dBm, and the optical power was measured by the monitor PD154ad.
- the light output of the second light source 110b was set to +4.0 dBm, and the light power was measured by the monitor PD154b-d.
- the optical output of the second light source 110c was set to +4.0 dBm, and the optical power was measured by the monitor PD154cd.
- the reflectance and transmittance of each can be expressed as the amount of attenuation.
- Re4 -17.96dB Will be.
- the control circuit 114 holds these attenuation amounts in advance. In actual operation, the control circuit 114 can calculate the light output from the light source of each wavelength channel by substituting the measurement result of the monitor PD154ad and the attenuation held in advance into the above-mentioned calculation formula. ..
- the output of the light source chip 111 of each wavelength channel was set to +4.0 dBm, and the optical output coupled to the optical fiber 141 was measured.
- the light outputs of the light sources 110ad from each wavelength channel 1 to 4 were +1.26, +1.43, +1.65, +1.87 dBm, respectively.
- the optical outputs of the light sources 10ad from each wavelength channel 1 to 4 were +1.17, +1.34, +1.56, +1.78 dBm.
- FIG. 6 shows a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the output light from the light source 210a-210d for each wavelength channel is input to the optical combiner 220 via the collimator lens 231a-231d and is combined.
- All wavelength channels are multiplexed and coupled to the optical fiber 241 as wavelength division light through the condenser lens 232.
- the optical combiner 220 includes a glass block 221 and has an antireflection film 222 that transmits the output light from the first light source 210a on the end surface on the light source side.
- a reflecting mirror 224 is formed on the output side end surface of the glass block 221 to reflect the output light from the first light source 210a to the light source side.
- the reflecting mirror 224 is a total reflection film, a slight amount of a transparent component is generated. That is, a part of the output light from the first light source 210a is input to the monitor PD254a as transmitted light from the optical combiner 220, and the optical power of the output light of the first light source 210a is monitored.
- a wavelength filter 223b-223d that transmits the output light from the second light source 210b-210d and reflects the light reflected by the reflector 224 is formed on the end face on the light source side.
- the optical signal of each wavelength channel reciprocates between the reflector 224 and the wavelength filter 223bad, is multiplexed in order, and is transmitted through the antireflection film 225 formed on the end face on the output side to perform wavelength division multiplexing light. Is output as.
- a part of the output light from the second light sources 210b and 210c passes through the reflector 224 and is input to the monitor PD254b and c as transmitted light from the optical combiner 220.
- a part of the output light from the second light source 210d is reflected by the wavelength filter 223d and input to the monitor PD254d.
- the output of the monitor PD254a-d is input to the control circuit of the light source 210, and a current is supplied to the light source chip 211 so that the detected current value becomes constant, that is, the optical power of each output light becomes constant. Adjust the amount.
- the output light from the first light source 10 passes through the beam splitter 53 and the antireflection film 22 of the optical combiner 20 or the wavelength filter 23 and propagates through the glass block 21. ..
- the output light from the first light source 210 passes through only the antireflection film 222 of the optical combiner 220 or the wavelength filter 223 and propagates through the glass block 221. Therefore, it is possible to realize a low-loss optical transmitter that suppresses the optical loss due to the conventional beam splitter.
- the control circuit shown in FIG. 5 is used to adjust the current supply amount to the light source chip 211 so that the optical output power of each wavelength channel becomes constant. Therefore, the control circuit calculates the optical power of each wavelength channel by the following procedure.
- the optical power input to the monitor PD254ad is a value obtained by multiplying the reflectance and the transmittance of the reflecting film, the reflecting mirror, and the wavelength filter, and is as follows.
- [Light power of monitor PD254a] (light output from first light source 210a) ⁇ (transmittance in antireflection film 222) ⁇ (transmittance from antireflection film 222 to monitor PD254a)
- [Light power of monitor PD254b] (light output from first light source 210a) ⁇ (transmittance in antireflection film 222) ⁇ (transmittance from antireflection film 222 to monitor PD254b) + (second light source)
- [Light power of monitor PD254c] (light output from first light source 210a) ⁇ (transmittance in antireflection film 222) ⁇ (transmittance from antireflection film 222 to monitor PD254c) + (second light source)
- the optical output of the optical transmitter was measured in the same manner as in the procedure of Example 1.
- Tr11 -16.20dB
- Tr12 -16.37dB
- Tr13 -16.64dB
- Tr14 -16.90dB
- Tr21 -16.20dB
- Tr22 -16.37dB
- Tr23 -16.64dB
- Tr31 -16.20dB
- Tr32 -16.37dB
- Re4 -16.20dB Will be.
- control circuit can calculate the light output from the light source of each wavelength channel to be obtained from the following formula.
- Example 2 the light outputs of the light sources 210ad from each wavelength channel 1 to 4 were +2.12, +2.30, +2.56, +2.82 dBm, respectively. Compared with the conventional optical transmitter shown in FIG. 3, the optical outputs of the light sources 10ad from each wavelength channel 1 to 4 were +1.99, +2.16, +2.42, +2.69 dBm. According to the second embodiment, it is possible to realize a low-loss optical transmitter in which the optical loss due to the conventional beam splitter is suppressed.
- the present embodiment is a multi-wavelength channel optical transmitter that multiplexes four wavelengths, the first light source of the wavelength channel having the longest optical path length transmitted through the optical combiner, and the third second light source of the other wavelength channels.
- the light source has been described as an example.
- the present embodiment can be applied as long as the number of the second light sources is one or more.
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Abstract
Description
[モニタPD154aの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜122での反射率)
[モニタPD154bの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154bまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123bでの反射率)
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154cまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123bからモニタPD154cまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123cでの反射率)
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123bからモニタPD154dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123cからモニタPD154dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源110dからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ154dでの反射率)。
[モニタPD154bの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154bまでの透過率)=Tr11]
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154cまでの透過率)=Tr12]
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜122での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD154dまでの透過率)=Tr13]。
[モニタPD154bの光パワー]=(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123bでの反射率=Re2)
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ123bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123bからモニタPD154cまでの透過率)=Tr21]
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ123bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123bからモニタPD154dまでの透過率)=Tr22]。
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ123cでの反射率=Re3)
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ123cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ123cからモニタPD154dまでの透過率)=Tr31]。
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=(第2の光源110dからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ154dでの反射率=Re4)。
[モニタPD154a]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Re1
[モニタPD154b]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr11+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×Re2
[モニタPD154c]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr12+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×Tr21+(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×Re3
[モニタPD154d]=(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr13+(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×Tr22+(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×Tr31+(第2の光源110dからの光出力)×Re4
となる。算出された反射率(Re)および透過率(Tr)から、第1の光源110aの光出力を求め、順に第2の光源110b-dの光出力を求めることができる。すなわち、各波長チャネルの光源からの光出力を求める算出式は、
(第1の光源110aからの光出力)=[モニタPD154aの光パワー]/Re1
(第2の光源110bからの光出力)=[[モニタPD154bの光パワー]-(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr1]/Re2
(第2の光源110cからの光出力)=[[モニタPD154cの光パワー]-第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr12-(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×Tr21]/Re3
(第2の光源110dからの光出力)=[[モニタPD154dの光パワー]-(第1の光源110aからの光出力)×Tr13-(第2の光源110bからの光出力)×Tr22-(第2の光源110cからの光出力)×Tr31]/Re4
となる。制御回路114は、この算出式で求められた光パワーに基づいて、各々の波長チャネルの光パワーが一定になるように、光源チップ111への電流供給量を調整する。
[モニタPD154aの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Re1=-13.96dBm
[モニタPD154bの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr11=-14.13dBm
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr12=-14.35dBm
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr13=-14.57dBm。
[モニタPD154bの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Re2=-13.96dBm
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr21=-14.13dBm
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr22=-14.35dBm。
[モニタPD154cの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Re3=-13.96dBm
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Tr31=-14.13dBm。
[モニタPD154dの光パワー]=+4.0dBm×Re4=-13.96dBm。
Re1=-17.96dB
Tr11=-18.13dB
Tr12=-18.35dB
Tr13=-18.57dB
Re2=-17.96dB
Tr21=-18.13dB
Tr22=-18.35dB
Re3=-17.96dB
Tr31=-18.13dB
Re4=-17.96dB
となる。制御回路114は、これらの減衰量を予め保持しておく。実運用に際しては、制御回路114は、モニタPD154a-dの測定結果と予め保持した減衰量とを、上述した算出式に代入して、各波長チャネルの光源からの光出力を算出することができる。
[モニタPD254aの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254aまでの透過率)
[モニタPD254bの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254bまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254bまでの透過率)
[モニタPD254cの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254cまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254cまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210cからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ223cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223cからモニタPD254cまでの透過率)
[モニタPD254dの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210cからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ223cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223cからモニタPD254dまでの透過率)+(第2の光源210dからの光出力)×(波長フィルタ254dでの反射率)。
[モニタPD254aの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254aまでの透過率)=Tr11]=+5.0dBm×Tr11=-11.20dBm
[モニタPD254bの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254bまでの透過率)=Tr12]=+5.0dBm×Tr12=-11.37dBm
[モニタPD254cの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜222からモニタPD254cまでの透過率)=Tr13]=+5.0dBm×Tr13=-11.64dBm
[モニタPD254dの光パワー]=(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×[(反射防止膜222での透過率)×(反射防止膜122からモニタPD254dまでの透過率)=Tr14]=+5.0dBm×Tr14=-11.90dBm。
[モニタPD254bの光パワー]=(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254bまでの透過率)=Tr21]=+5.0dBm×Tr21=-11.20dBm
[モニタPD254cの光パワー]=(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254cまでの透過率)=Tr22]=+5.0dBm×Tr22=-11.37dBm
[モニタPD254dの光パワー]=(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ223bでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223bからモニタPD254dまでの透過率)=Tr23]=+5.0dBm×Tr23=-11.64dBm。
[モニタPD254cの光パワー]=(第2の光源210cからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ223cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223cからモニタPD254cまでの透過率)=Tr31]=+5.0dBm×Tr31=-11.20dBm
[モニタPD254dの光パワー]=(第2の光源210cからの光出力)×[(波長フィルタ223cでの透過率)×(波長フィルタ223cからモニタPD254dまでの透過率)=Tr32]=+5.0dBm×Tr32=-11.37dBm。
[モニタPD254dの光パワー]=(第2の光源210dからの光出力)(波長フィルタ254dでの反射率=Re4)=+5.0dBm×Re4=-11.20dBm。
Tr11=-16.20dB
Tr12=-16.37dB
Tr13=-16.64dB
Tr14=-16.90dB
Tr21=-16.20dB
Tr22=-16.37dB
Tr23=-16.64dB
Tr31=-16.20dB
Tr32=-16.37dB
Re4=-16.20dB
となる。
(第2の光源210bからの光出力)=[[モニタPD254bの光パワー]-(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×Tr12]/Tr21
(第2の光源210cからの光出力)=[[モニタPD254cの光パワー]-第1の光源210aからの光出力)×Tr13-(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×Tr22]/Tr31
(第2の光源210dからの光出力)=[[モニタPD254dの光パワー]-(第1の光源210aからの光出力)×Tr14-(第2の光源210bからの光出力)×Tr23-(第2の光源210cからの光出力)×Tr32]/Re4
各波長チャネルの光源チップ211の出力が+5.0dBmになるように設定し、光ファイバ241に結合される光出力を測定した。実施例2では、光源210a-dの各波長チャネル1から4までの光出力は、それぞれ、+2.12,+2.30,+2.56,+2.82dBmであった。図3に示した従来の光送信器と比較すると、光源10a-dの各波長チャネル1から4までの光出力は、+1.99,+2.16,+2.42,+2.69dBmであった。実施例2によれば、従来のビームスプリッタによる光損失を抑制した低損失の光送信器を実現することができる。
Claims (7)
- 複数の波長チャネルを多重化して出力する光送信器であって、
第1の光源と、
前記第1の光源と波長が異なり、各々が異なる波長の1つ以上の第2の光源と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光を第1の端面から対向する第2の端面に透過させ、前記第2の端面に形成された反射鏡により反射させ、前記第2の光源からの出力光を前記第1の端面に形成された波長フィルタを透過させ、前記反射鏡により反射させ、各波長チャネルの出力光を前記反射鏡と前記波長フィルタとの間を往復させて順に多重化する光合波器と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光の一部を前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする第1のモニタPDと、
前記第2の光源からの出力光の一部を前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする1つ以上の第2のモニタPDと、
前記第1のモニタPDおよび前記1つ以上の第2のモニタPDの出力から、前記第1の光源および前記1つ以上の第2の光源の各々の出力光の光パワーを算出する制御回路と
を備えたことを特徴とする光送信器。 - 前記第1の端面に形成された反射防止膜であって、入射側の反射成分を、前記第1の光源からの出力光の一部として、前記第1のモニタPDに分岐する反射防止膜を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光送信器。
- 前記波長フィルタは、入射側の反射成分を、前記第2の光源からの出力光の一部として、前記第2のモニタPDに分岐し、入射側への透過成分を、前記反射鏡により反射された光の一部として、前記第2のモニタPDに分岐することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の光送信器。
- 複数の波長チャネルを多重化して出力する光送信器であって、
第1の光源と、
前記第1の光源と波長が異なる第2の光源と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光を第1の端面から対向する第2の端面に透過させ、前記第2の端面に形成された反射鏡により反射させ、前記第2の光源からの出力光を前記第1の端面に形成された波長フィルタを透過させ、前記反射鏡により反射させ、各波長チャネルの出力光を前記反射鏡と前記波長フィルタとの間を往復させて順に多重化する光合波器と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光が前記第2の端面に達し、前記反射鏡を透過した一部の光パワーをモニタする第1のモニタPDと、
前記第2の光源からの出力光の一部を前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする第2のモニタPDと、
前記第1のモニタPDおよび前記第2のモニタPDの出力から、前記第1の光源および前記第2の光源の各々の出力光の光パワーを算出する制御回路と
を備えたことを特徴とする光送信器。 - 複数の波長チャネルを多重化して出力する光送信器であって、
第1の光源と、
前記第1の光源と波長が異なり、各々が異なる波長の複数の第2の光源と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光を第1の端面から対向する第2の端面に透過させ、前記第2の端面に形成された反射鏡により反射させ、前記第2の光源からの出力光を前記第1の端面に形成された波長フィルタを透過させ、前記反射鏡により反射させ、各波長チャネルの出力光を前記反射鏡と前記波長フィルタとの間を往復させて順に多重化する光合波器と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光が前記第2の端面に達し、前記反射鏡を透過した一部の光パワーをモニタする第1のモニタPDと、
前記複数の第2の光源のうち最後に多重化される波長チャネルの第2の光源からの出力光の一部を、前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする第2のモニタPDと、
前記最後に多重化される波長チャネルの第2の光源を除く1つ以上の第2の光源の出力光が前記第2の端面に達し、前記反射鏡を透過した一部の光パワーをモニタする1つ以上の第3のモニタPDと、
前記第1のモニタPD、前記第2のモニタPDおよび前記1つ以上の第3のモニタPDの出力から、前記第1の光源および前記第2の光源の各々の出力光の光パワーを算出する制御回路と
を備えたことを特徴とする光送信器。 - 前記波長フィルタは、入射側の反射成分を、前記第2の光源からの出力光の一部として、前記第2のモニタPDに分岐し、入射側への透過成分を、前記反射鏡により反射された光の一部として、前記第2のモニタPDに分岐することを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の光送信器。
- 複数の波長チャネルを多重化して出力する光送信器において、各波長チャネルの光パワーを算出する方法であって、前記光送信器は、
第1の光源と、
前記第1の光源と波長が異なり、各々が異なる波長の1つ以上の第2の光源と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光を第1の端面から対向する第2の端面に透過させ、前記第2の端面に形成された反射鏡により反射させ、前記第2の光源からの出力光を前記第1の端面に形成された波長フィルタを透過させ、前記反射鏡により反射させ、各波長チャネルの出力光を前記反射鏡と前記波長フィルタとの間を往復させて順に多重化する光合波器と、
前記第1の光源からの出力光の一部を前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする第1のモニタPDと、
前記第2の光源からの出力光の一部を前記光合波器からの反射光として光パワーをモニタする1つ以上の第2のモニタPDとを備え、前記方法は、
前記第1の光源および前記1つ以上の第2の光源の各々から、前記1つ以上の第2の光源のうち最後に多重化される波長チャネルの第2の光源からの出力光の一部をモニタする第2のモニタPDまでの反射率および透過率を算出し、予め保持するステップと、
前記第1のモニタPDおよび前記1つ以上の第2のモニタPDの測定結果と、予め保持された前記反射率および前記透過率とから前記第1の光源および前記第2の光源の各々の出力光の光パワーを算出するステップと
を備えたことを特徴とする方法。
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